Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sociologie et philosophie des sciences'
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Bouilloud, Jean-Philippe. "La réception de la sociologie par l'épistémologie des sciences de la nature." Paris 7, 1995. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.cairn.info/sociologie-et-societe--9782130486312.htm.
Classical epistemology, since bacon, poincare and until popper, studied mainly nature's sciences. Therefore, it has been unable to take into account the specificity of the social sciences, often considered as unscientific from the justification point of view. The point is that sociology develops a specific link with its subject, unlike the nature's sciences : sociology speak to us about us, and its production is for the whole society, not only the scientific world, and it takes in charge of the problems that belongs to the actuality of the social world. Because of this, sociology is not a mere physics of the social world, nore a simple history of the contemporary world : it is dedicated, in a certain way, to the expectations of society, and the whole history of sociology demonstrates this. Therefore, classical approach es like popperian critical rationalism or even sociology of sciences have to be completed by a specific analysis of this double link between sociology and society : following the works of gadamer, habermas and jauss, and through a phenomenological approach, it is what we propose under the name of epistemology of reception
Karsenti, Bruno. "Sociologie, anthropologie et philosophie dans l'oeuvre de marcel mauss contribution a une reflexion sur les rapports de la philosophie et des sciences humaines." Lille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL30006.
This dissertation is a study of the work of the french sociologist marcel mauss, which gives this work a double status : it is both the main source and the symptom of a general theoretical seachange and a whole reformulation of the relation between human sciences and philosophy. The first part of the thesis defines in historical terms the object of the analysis : specific epistemological setting wich emerges at the begining of the xxth century from those three lines constitued by philosophy, anthropology and sociology. The originality of mauss' project is then studied following tow directions : first, a close examination of the social-psychic relation, overcoming the implied dualism of the individual and the collective. Second, a study of the development of linguistic, and its relation to the study of social phenomena. Closing the examination is a study of the theoretical core of the whole maussian approach, the concept of symbolism, wich is illustrated with the study of the gift phenomenon. The thesis includes a bibliography and an index of names
Gonthier, Frédéric. "L' esprit sociologique et son destin." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H047.
This is not an attempt to solve the inherent complexity of sociology which is a plurality of theoretical views on social phenomena. From an analysis of classical texts, the aim is to consider sociology as a fundamental element giving mankind the possibility to assimilate the meaning of its community and to organize itself in the world. The genesis of sociology is linked to modernity, which represents a symbolical and imaginary space characterized by the assumption of mankind to the origin of sense and, therefore, by a permanent division of society with itself. Against the principle of this division, the sociological tradition erects a principle of reconciliation. It sets itself up as allowing a social conscience that could completely be founded in the scientifical objectivity it defines. The knowledge of social phenomena is supposed for manking to master its own world of meaning. (. . . )
Soulié, Charles. "La fabrique des philosophes, ou des usages sociaux de l'UFR de philosophie de Paris I." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0339.
The subject of this work concerns socially differenciated uses made by paris 1 u. F. R. Philosophy students of their study. After describing these students and their professional destinations, i studied their relationship to culture, their pedagogical choices and their research practices in the master degree. The last element allowed me to treat in a concrete way the question of social determination in philosophy research. This is shown to be highly related to teaching programmes and specifically to the agregation exam. But variables such as scholarly capital (khagne, e. N. S etc. ), social origin, and gender, also play a determining role. I have thus been able to expose the relationship between the research subject treated and the student profil. The study was enlarged to encompass master students in the parisian area, and then doctoral students. This confirmed, taking account of the level of study, the afore-mentionned relationship. The conclusion emphasises the weight of secondary teaching, via the philosophy agregation and the system of preparatory classes, on french university philosophy teaching and its research activities
Guillo, Dominique. "Les sources et le sens des sciences humaines d'inspiration biologique au dix-neuvieme siecle : le role de l'histoire naturelle dans la constitution de l'anthroplogie et de la sociologie (1790-1900)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040252.
[n the 19th century, natural history played a major part in the formation of sociology and anthropology. First of all, cuvier, who carried on jussieu's work, made a decisive step forward when, in the 1790s, he managed to convince the naturalists of the museum of the necessity of classifying animals according to their organization. Following this shift in viewpoint, throughout the 19th century, the questionings on man and society were to be expressed in terms that were specific of a new and very general trend which was based upon the notions, the arguments or the theories that naturalists had developed. The 19th century sociology and anthropology were formulated in the theoretical abstract frame of a general logic of organization. This frame was closely linked to an epistemology focused on the issue of classification. Thus when reading saint-simon, comte, spencer or durkheim, beyond all their divergences, one finds the same insistent reference to the individual or collective organization as well as the same prominent logical role alloted to taxonomical devices, in both the justification of sociology as the crowning of the system of sciences and the establishment of different types of societies. As for anthropology in the 1850s, it was in line with the plan for a natural history of man. Better still the views developed at the museum allow to explain the differences between the various theories which have been elaborated on this single background. Thus the evolutionist split is present in social science with spencer's theory : two distinct periods have followed one another in the history of this current of thought based upon the notion of organization. Finally the success encountered by natural history in the 19th century was such that its principles were even used in literature by balzac or in criminal identification by bertillon
Gomez, Quiles Maria Luisa. "La généralisation de la créativité : le rapport entre rupture du quotidien aliéné et créativité sociale." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN1132.
Flipo, Fabrice. "Statut et portée de l'écologie politique : Contribution à une anthropologie de la globalisation et de la modernité." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957817.
Delmotte, Florence. "La question de l'Etat dans la sociologie historique de Norbert Elias: enjeux épistémologiques et politiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210763.
Duteille, Cécile. "Anthropologie phénoménologique des rencontres destinales." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009194.
1.- Une enquête sur le sens sociologique fondamental de la rencontre (son rôle dans la constitution du lien social). La rencontre n'est pas qu'un fait "naturel" de la vie quotidienne, elle n'est pas non plus qu'un fait déterminé (par des conditions sociales et psychologiques). La rencontre a aussi une autre face : elle possède des potentialités de changement, de bouleversement qui interdisent de la traiter uniquement comme un fait anodin ou « simple ». Il faut aussi considérer la rencontre au sens fort du terme et tenir compte de cet aspect dans l'analyse de la vie sociale. Ainsi, à travers l'étude de rencontres dites « destinales » (coup de foudre, rencontre avec le divin, expérience esthétique, rencontres fatidiques, mauvaises rencontres...), on présente une typologie illustrée par des références aux œuvres culturelles (littérature, cinéma). La prise en compte de la dimension existentielle et fantasmatique de la rencontre nous fait voir que le social est un composé complexe de logiques et d'incertitudes, de déterminations et d'occasions, d'actions et d'imagination.
2.- Étant donnée la nature proprement transversale et interdisciplinaire de l'objet « rencontre », cette thèse invite aussi à une discussion sur l'épistémologie et la méthodologie des sciences humaines et sociales, notamment à travers une réflexion critique sur le réductionnisme naturaliste.
Klein, Alexandre. "Du corps médical au corps du sujet. Etude historique et philosophique du problème de la subjectivité dans la médecine française moderne et contemporaine." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943709.
Omarjee, Ismaël. "Aspects de la relation entre science de l'univers et spiritualité dans l'histoire de la pensée : Isaac Newton et Georges Lemaître. La quête de la vérité." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00991210.
Barbié, Olivier. "Convergences entre économie et sociologie autour du concept de réseau social." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612275.
Morais, Sylvie. "L' expérience de l’artistique comme pratique de soi en formation : une approche phénoménologique." Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131022.
Speaking of artistic practice as a formative experience seems to be obvious in the world of education. Artistic practice meets the requirements of Bildung – formation-education – as suggested by the German term, in that it allows realizing the formation of the person. In art education and artistic mediation, artistic practice contributes significantly to the formative and educational values of art, when it is led to the development of the person. However, it seems that there is little question about the meaning that makes this formation experience for anyone who takes part. According to a phenomenological approach, the aim is to make sense of the experience of artistic practice as self-training of formation, as it is experienced and explained by six co-researcher artists. In the framework of the human formativity explained by B. Honoré, the existentiale analysis experience allows to make sense of the conditions for the emergence of self-formation. The study reveals the context of creation as having a central role in driving formative experience. The self-formation and intersubjectivity appear as basic requirements in the performance of person formation. Research suggests ways of thinking about the organization of artistic education and suggests new teaching strategies and procedures accompanying artistic mediation. Finally, it proposes a method of research and a rigorous methodological model offered in education researcher concerned with the understanding of human experience
Ducourant, Sam. "Bien-être en cage : normes juridiques, disciplines scientifiques et système technique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLE007.
Animal welfare is the name of a tension between the production of norms and the production of knowledge. Through the study of the interactions between science, politics and factory farming, this dissertation sheds light on the concrete operators of non-human exploitation, conceptualized as a power system (dispositif). To write the history of battery cages from the early 20th century to the 1980s, I go through a wide range of unpublished archives, hubs between science and its world (institutional archives, technical reports, scientific publications, masscirculation newspapers, legal texts, patents, industrial regulations). I describe the constitution of animal welfare disciplines, i.e. their history, the elements and relationships that make them up, and the rules that govern them. I question the distinction between norm, knowledge and commodities production : they work together as operators of animal exploitation, but could possibly act as counterweights against it
Barbié, Olivier. "Convergences entre économie et sociologie autour du concept de réseau social." Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010050.
Montanaro, Mara. "Françoise Collin : La révolution permanente d'une pensée discontinue." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974109.
Flipo, Fabrice. "En quoi la crise environnementale contribue-telle à renouveler la question de la justice ? Le cas du changement climatique." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957797.
Charlotte, Pollet. "Comparaison des pratiques algebriques de la Chine et de l'Inde medievales." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770493.
Fabre, Sylvain. "Enseignement des arts plastiques au collège : approche disciplinaire et perspectives normatives en éducation artistique et culturelle." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/17974352X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
He « plastic arts » discipline is considered as indicative of art education and School in France. An historic survey shows the difficulties for a discipline-based art education, as a result of the plurality of the purposes referred, and of the conception of art as creative, exploratory, and criticical practice. How to think an art teaching that balances didactization and respect for the artistic values? We make the assumption that art can be characterized by the ability to experience the action standards and processes, whatever their origin, as well as to invent new standards. Building on the work of Canguilhem, Schwartz, Le Blanc, and Rochex, we define a normative perspective and we show its interest. It allows us to characterize the actions of professional teachers of art, using interviews and an ethnographic observation of classes with special curriculum visual arts. Our study also focuses on student activity, and on the processes that determine the understanding of classroom situations. It proposes a typology of students that highlights the factors that influence the meaning given to the discipline. Two perspectives thus conjoin: a descriptive and analytical perspective and a normative perspective. Their complementarity leads us to propose the artistic education as the establishment of a "normative space", developing a culture of practice, a culture of discovery, as well as a culture of institutions
Richard, Sébastien. "Le Nanomonde des chercheurs : analyse des pratiques et des discours sur l'instrumentation en nanotechnologies." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010559.
Le, Velly Ronan. "Sociologie du marché : le commerce équitable : des échanges marchands contre le marché et dans le marché." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2004. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.cairn.info/sociologie-du-marche--9782707171245.htm.
I begin by presenting the way New Economic Sociology advocates use the notion of embeddedness to study concrete markets. Embedding conditions are shown not just as the normative setting for decision-making but indeed as the very basis of transactions. Then, I argue that New Economic Sociology, contrary to Max Weber, neglects the existence of constraints peculiar to the capitalist market system. To demonstrate this inadequacy, I study two main French fair trade promoters, Artisans du Monde and Max Havelaar. I describe their efforts into creating the conditions of a personalisation of market transactions and of the exercise of a substantive rationality. Next, to trade against the market is not an easy matter. As fair trade promoters want to develop their outlets, they have to face market constraints and these obligations may conflict the alternatives they try to build
Faure, Cédric. "Des significations imaginaires politiques contemporaines : les discours sur la "société de l'information" : le cas de la France (1978-2008)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070021.
In a complex globalized world that is loosing its identity referents, the "information society" has become, since the late 1970s, the established political formula to describe social reality in France. It designates a more interwoven, fluid, communicative and democratic society which is in the process of changing profoundly its mode of production, consumption patterns and social life due to the emergence of information and communication technologies. However, rather than simply considering this political formula as being to some degree evocative of new political issues, my thesis argues that it is, in fact, a new form of the contemporary political imaginary. Although, the latter has appeared with a set of themes associated with the "information society", it is the result of an original social construction, which cannot be reduced to mere political rhetoric or to some relatively deceptive electoral marketing
Le, Velly Ronan. "Sociologie du marché : le commerce équitable : des échanges marchands contre le marché et dans le marché." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452446.
Hoyaux, André-Frédéric. "Habiter la Ville et la Montagne : Essai de Géographie Phénoménologique sur les relations des habitants au Lieu, à l'Espace et au Territoire (Exemple de Grenoble et Chambéry)." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007867.
Ono, Kotaro. "Les trois étapes de la pensée morale : Bergson et le débat sur la science des moeurs." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H233.
Released in 1932, The Two Sources of Morality and Religion (The two sources) is Henri Bergson's last major work. There are many works devoted to the confrontation of his moral and social philosophy with Émile Durkheim's sociology. But these works don't explore his "mobilism" in The two sources. Reality is mobile. This is a recurring idea in his work from his Time and Free Will: An Essay on the lmmediate Data of Consciousness (published in 1889) to The two sources, where he asserts that open morality is mobility. Mobilism is essential to his moral philosophy. From this perspective, we propose to determine Bergson's position regarding the debate on the science of morals aroused by the work of Lucien Lévy-Bruhl (1903), Ethics and Morale science (La morale et la science des mœurs) in the year 1900. In this work, Lévy-Bruhl, inspired by Auguste Comte and Durkheim, seeks to establish an objective science of moral reality (which he called "science of morals") by adopting the sociological method, but by removing the "theoretical ethics", which don't observe morale reality, such as theological, utilitarian and Kantian ethics. If we locate The two sources in this historical context, Bergson's moral philosophy might appear as the third stage of moral thought, in relation to the first stage (theoretical ethics) and the second stage (science of morals). If such is the case, this third stage might be called "mobilism", which advances the research of moral reality? This is the assumption that this dissertation is investigating
Roux, Sophie. "Recherches sur la philosophie naturelle à l'âge classique. Vol. I, Mémoire de synthèse." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806476.
Birgé, Robin. "La tragédie de l’expert ou “Langagement en science-friction” comme réponse à la déconstruction de l’autoritarisme et du relativisme de l’expertise scientifique par la sociologie dramaturgique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG002/document.
My research topics focus on the social responsability of researchers, their involvement and political engagement, all the way from the construction of knowledge to its formulation (research aesthetic) and dissemination.As I study others' engagement and their legitimation strategies, I also aim at formulating mine: a constructivism that holds itself accountable for its creations.This thesis discusses the role of experts in democracy; it is written in French. I highly doubt that I am able to summarize it in English, just as I doubt that exclusively English-speaking readers would be able to understand the manuscript in French
Pigeard-Micault, Natalie. "Charles Adolphe Wurtz, doyen de l'École de médecine de Paris (1866-1875)." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910297.
Robette, Nicolas. "De l'espace de vie à l'espace d'une vie : décrire les espaces de vie individuels." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360203.
La mise en œuvre empirique de la description d'espaces de vie en démographie nécessite deux étapes préalables : délimiter les contours de l'espace de vie étudié, selon les différentes dimensions qui le caractérisent, et trouver les corpus de données spécifiques nécessaires.
Plusieurs types d'espaces de vie sont ainsi explorés et des indicateurs à même de les synthétiser dans une approche quantitative sont proposés. Ces espaces sont tout d'abord définis à un moment donné. Néanmoins, l'espace et le temps se combinent. D'une part, les lieux qui constituent les espaces de vie changent. D'autre part, les espaces de vie évoluent au fil de la trajectoire des individus. La complexité de la succession de ces transformations amène à envisager des trajectoires, de manière globale, qui forment ce que l'on peut appeler l'espace de toute une vie. Leur analyse nécessite de recourir à des méthodes adaptées : des approches novatrices de construction de typologies de trajectoires.
Llored, Jean-Pierre. "Chimie, chimie quantique et concept d'émergence : étude d'une mise en relation." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00922954.
Fouillet, Aurélien. "L'esprit du jeu dans les sociétés postmodernes : Anomies et socialités : Bovarysme, mémoire et aventure." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801205.
Mazaleigue-Labaste, Julie. "" Histoire de la perversion sexuelle. Émergence et transformations du concept de perversion sexuelle dans la psychiatrie de 1797 à 1912 "." Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780176.
Maronne, Sebastien. "La théorie des courbes et des équations dans la Géométrie cartésienne : 1637-1661. [version corrigée]." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203094.
Maronne, Sebastien. "La théorie des courbes et des équations dans la Géométrie cartésienne : 1637-1661. [version déposée]." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204125.
Baillot, Anne. "Genèse et réception de la pensée esthétique de K.W.F. Solger entre 1800 et 1830." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783069.
Gondard, Eric. "Les formes élémentaires de la prise de drogue : santé, sacré et déviance." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977504.
Doron, Claude-Olivier. "Races et dégénérescence : l'émergence des savoirs sur l'homme anormal." Phd thesis, Paris 7, 2011. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00876157.
This Ph-D thesis develops the twofold history of the notions of "race" and "degeneration" between the XVIIth and the XIXth century. This history is studied from two points of view: historical epistemology that is "how race and degeneration became the concepts of various knowledges (natural history, anthropology, psychiatry)"; and history of government practices, that is "how race and degeneration became problems government". Focusing on the historical link between these notions gives us the possibility to analyze the emergence, in the XIXth century, of a field of knowledge that dealt with what we call the "abnormal mar that is this very specific entity which agglomerates madness, criminality and "inferior" races as deviations human normality, in an ambiguous space between the normal and the pathological. Our thesis describes the various categories that organise this field of knowledge. More deeply, we want to argue that the notions race and degeneration, far from being external to humanism and universalism, far from being systematical correlated to practices of exclusion, are intimately connected to a practical and theoretical humanism and practices of inclusion, that deal with race, madness and crime as alterations of a norm one has to regenerate correct and improve through specific apparatus of power. Through this historical lens, we want to study ; the ambiguities and aporias that lurk in the very heart of this will of inclusion and this analysis heterogeneous realities as alterations of a norm. We show in particular how we can establish a very stronglink between the insertion of the concept of "race" into natural history and monogenism; and, on the other side, how it is important to study the insertion of "race" into the political field and, more broadly, the emergence of the knowledge of the abnormal, to take into consideration its logical links with political liberalism in the beginning of XIXth century
Lucas, Jean-Francois. "De l'immersion à l'habiter dans les mondes virtuels : le cas des villes dans Second Life." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949125.
Doron, Claude-Olivier. "Races et dégénérescence : l'émergence des savoirs sur l'homme anormal." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876157.
Debaene, Vincent. "Les Deux Livres de l'ethnographe : l'éthnologie française au XXe siècle: entre science et littérature." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040209.
This study reviews the history of the relationship between literature and the social sciences in France during the 20th century from the vantage point of a particular discipline, ethnology. It is a striking fact that several members of the first generation of ethnographers published two books, one “literary”, one “scientific”. The most famous cases are those of Michel Leiris, author of L’Afrique fantôme (1934) and of La Langue secrète des Dogons de Sanga (1938), and Claude Lévi-Strauss, who wrote both La Vie familiale et sociale des Indiens Nambikwara (1948) and Tristes tropiques (1955). There is further proof of this inter-disciplinary confrontation between science and literature in the work of Alfred Métraux, Marcel Griaule, and Jacques Soustelle, among others. The first part of this study considers the foundation of the ethnology; a second part locates the discipline in the context of travel-writing in the twentieth century. The central part of the thesis is then devoted to an historical and epistemological investigation which interprets the emergence of the social sciences in terms of a final prolongation of the crisis of “Belles-Lettres”, the crisis which began at the turn of the nineteenth century (during the years in which the opposition between science and literature began to crystallise). What is at stake here is a complex process whereby "the artist was dispossesed by the scientist" (Lanson), whereby the social sciences came to adapt the knowledge of man hitherto reserved to literature and so dissolve the ties between literature and anthropology that had formerly been sustained by rhetoric. A fourth and final part of the thesis qualifies this pessimistic assessment by analysing in more detail the modes of articulation that, in practice, may relate literary writing and scientific speech
Quet, Mathieu. "Politiques du savoir : une approche communicationnelle des rapports entre sciences, technologies et participation en France (1968-1983)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808650.
Raynaud, Philippe. "Comprehension et politique dans l'oeuvre de max weber." Reims, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REIMD001.
The purpose of this work, starting from a systematic reconstruction max weber's thought, is to analyse the situation created by the development of social sciences, through the study of the relationships between political philosophy and social sciences, and of the transformation of the principles of legitimacy inherited from democratic and liberal modern philosophy. The introduction shows how, since the origins of modern politics, appears an opposition between two conceptions of political theory (the "political technology" of hobbes and the "historical hermeneutics" of vico), which sutbends, still today, the contemporary discussion, in order to define the specific place of max weber in the history of modern political thought. The first part reconstitutes the philosophical background of max weber's sociology, by showing the anti-speculative implications of his epistemology, which belongs to the kantian tradition, and by analysing the place of his work within the tradition of the human sciences ("geistes-wissenschaften"). The second part treats the weberian problematic of rationalisation. First, is proposed a reconstruction of the systematic architectonic of weber's theory, through a critical examination of some great interpretations (r. Aron, j. Habermas, a. Schutz) and then, an analysis of his political thought, considered as a dialectical wiew of the modern reason. Are analysed afterwards the limits of weber's thought and the conflicts which are dividing his posterity. The conclusion shows the coherence of max weber's work, and its fondamental value for the contemporary political thought, which comes from the fact that it articulates the sociology of domination and the analysis of legitimacy
Evrard, Barbara. "La côte d'Albâtre comme terrain de jeux ? : aménagements, activités physiques et paysages vécus." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUEL006.
This work examines the meaning and impact of physical activities along the Upper-Normandy coast. The aim of this socio-geographical approach was to determine the types of territorial negotiations at work by analyzing the mediating factors from several angles : coastal transformations concern both usages and representations, as well as the management of choices in environmental planning. We sought to elucidate the reciprocal determination of the various cultures, social relationships, and spatial relations. The corpus contains 39 interviews, 949 completed questionnaires, 187 observation sheets, and documents from several sources (departments of urban planning, the journals of concerned parties, administrative reports). In addition to definig the physical activities, this work presents the profiles of the practitioners and identifies the various landscapes of experience. Four cases studies reconstruct the differences in scale, as well as the contradictory legitimacies that are involved (public/private, risk/security, sustainable development, etc. ). Beyond all discourse, is the Upper-Normandy coastline the object of "integrated management" ? What types of sharing and division do the recreational usages of this coastal area reflect ?
Evrard, Barbara. "LA CÔTE D'ALBÂTRE COMME TERRAIN DE JEUX ? AMÉNAGEMENTS, ACTIVITÉS PHYSIQUES ET PAYSAGES VÉCUS." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565235.
Tinel, Bruno. "ORIGINES ET FONCTIONS DE LA HIERARCHIE : TRENTE ANS DE DEBATS, 1968 - 1998." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935771.
Calberac, Yann. "Terrains de géographes, géographes de terrain. Communauté et imaginaire disciplinaires au miroir des pratiques de terrain des géographes français du XXe siècle." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551481.
Morin, Olivier. "La transmission culturelle : questions philosophiques et méthodes quantitatives dans l'étude des traditions." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0057.
Why are there traditions - ideas and practices whose diffusion reaches far and wide in time or space, by way of transmission from one individual to others ? Cognitive approaches of culture have focused above all on the mechanisms that ensure accurate transmission - like teaching, imitation or memorisation. This work explores another possibility : a tradition's diffusion does not depend on the faithfulness with which it is transmitted or retained. Its chief cause is the quantity of transmission episodes that a given tradition is able to provoke. In order to reach this conclusion, the dissertation combines questions coming from the philosophy of social sciences with a range of quantitative methods : the experimental method as used by psychologists, mathematical modelling, and quantitative cultural history. One of its conclusions is that the main mechanism of cultural transmission used in our species is not imitation, nor teaching, but communication. Communication rests on our (possibly unique) ability to understand recursive intentions and make them manifest. It is not particularly faithful. How can a tradition be widely diffused when its transmission lacks fidelity? A theory is presented, that specities in which conditions a great quantity of transmission episodes may compensate the poor quality of the transmission mechanisms used at each step. We have used it, for example, to propose a quantitative model that explains the conservation of traditions in children's peer cultures
Houlstan-Hasaerts, Rafaella. "Le tournant esthétique de la participation urbaine à l'épreuve de la société civile: Une recherche en terrains bruxellois." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/283956.
This thesis is about the connections between aesthetics and politics in urban participation and, more particularly, about the political promises of an urban participation that seemingly gives priority to expression, figuration, imagination and creation as well to the embodied, sensitive, attached, affective and emotional dimensions of our relations to the city. It would therefore seem that ‘aesthetic’ engagements and interests can promote empowerment and emancipation; democratic inclusion and the symmetrization of power; renewed ways of living together and creating collectively. Such promises are at the heart of what I propose to call an aesthetic turn of institutional urban participation, i.e. the passage from a deliberative conception of participation, conceived following the model of the “forum”, to an aesthetic conception of participation, conceived following the model of the “workshop”. And yet critical voices are already being raised. Some underline the risk of depoliticization that accompanies the aestheticization of urban participation and experience. Others, by contrast, emphasize the risk that aesthetics will be subordinated to democratic consensus and to ethics, at the expense of urban quality and of creative autonomy. Some highlight less the politico-aesthetic connection than external factors liable to jeopardize it. At issue, the usual suspects: the institutional framework and capitalism. The objective of this thesis is to take these critiques seriously without losing sight of the political demands of a participation in which the qualitative part of our urban experience would find a place. The proposal made here to achieve this objective is to decentre the gaze by not taking a direct interest in institutional mechanisms of participation. My first hypothesis, of a rather factual nature, posits that the political promises of the aesthetic turn of urban participation exceed its institutional facet, that they find their source in, among other things, mobilizations and initiatives taken by citizens, activists, engaged creators who, since the urban struggles of the 1960s, have marked the history of urban production. This hypothesis has “genealogical” implications, insofar as it encourages a rereading of the history of urban institutional participation not only in the context of its “aestheticization” but also by highlighting the at times direct relations between this aestheticization and participatory dynamics emanating from social movements and the counterculture. The second hypothesis is of a rather normative nature and has both evaluative and prospective implications. It posits that it is within the mobilizations and initiatives of civil society that the promises which also come with the aesthetic turn of institutional urban participation were best embodied, and that these provide levers of resistance against the critiques of which it is the target. Lastly, placed back to back, the two hypotheses invite us to question the extent to which the institutions have welcomed these attempts. Measuring the distances between these moments of live politics and their potential percolations to ulterior participatory dynamics makes it possible to understand how we inherited these mobilizations and initiatives from civil society and, possibly, how we could better inherit them.
Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Moulin, Stéphane. "Réexamen des inégalités entre hommes et femmes sur le marché du travail : des philosophies politiques aux évaluations empiriques." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00095542.
Nous soutenons qu'il n'est pas possible de donner une définition non ambiguë de la discrimination sur le marché du travail sans rentrer dans des questions de philosophie politique de la justice. Chaque philosophie politique implique une conception différente de la discrimination et impose des contraintes sur la méthodologie empirique de mesure des inégalités. Une conception pluraliste de la discrimination conduit ainsi à critiquer la conception consensuelle de l'égalité des chances, la théorie marginale de la juste distribution ainsi que la « bonne » pratique de mesure de la discrimination.
Nous présentons d'abord une grille d'analyse pluraliste de la discrimination entre les sexes articulant philosophies politiques de la justice sexuée, théories économiques de la discrimination, et méthodologies statistiques de mesure de l'inégalité de traitement sur le marché du travail. Nous proposons ensuite des mesures économétriques des barrières discriminatoires à l'accès à l'emploi, au temps plein et aux responsabilités hiérarchiques. Ces mesures nous permettent enfin de revenir sur l'identification et l'évaluation de la ségrégation verticale, de la discrimination salariale, et de la discrimination positive dans les politiques de l'emploi.
Moatti, Alexandre. "Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (1792-1843) : un mathématicien, théoricien de la mécanique appliquée." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00645154.