Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sociologie de l'environnement – La Réunion (France ; île)'
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Manoro, Marion. "Participation de la population à la protection de l'avifaune à La Réunion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LARE0042.
Full textIn a context where the population is called upon to play an active role in protecting environment, this thesis in environmental sociology proposes to explain, through a comprehensive and explicative approach, the participation of the Reunionese population in the protection of avifauna. This raises several questions. What are the social representations of the avifauna and its protection for the Reunionese population? How are protection actions designed and implemented by environmental professionals? What place do professionals leave to the general public? Finally, how are birds treated within the media space? The thesis proposes to answer these questions through a methodological mix consisting of a press review, an online survey, discussion workshops with the general public and interviews with environmental professionals. Our approach highlights that birds are mainly covered in the media when they are associated with a preservation project. The media have an ecocentric vision of avifauna, favoring articles on endangered birds. They repeat the speeches of ecologists and sometimes try to stimulate mobilization around protection. The study also reveals that the general public and environmental professionals do not show interest in the same species. The general public seems to place a greater value on the species it regularly encounter, while professionals try to save endangered species as a priority. Despite this difference in representation, the general public says they are aware of the importance of birds in ecosystems and is ready to help protect them. Most professionals try to change people's attitudes by raising awareness. Others attempt to engage the general public by involving them in citizen science programs and, more rarely, asking them for their opinions
Mirault, Émilie. "Les fonctions et enjeux socio-économiques des écosystèmes récifaux : une approche géographique des valeurs de l'environnement appliquée à l'île de la Réunion." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100090.
Full textCoral reefs are one of the richest and more of the most complex heritage of the planet, but are as well one of the most threatened. In addition to be the focus of ecology and protection, coral reefs concentrate socio-economic issues which play a predominant role in small island contexts. It is the case of Reunion island, where the coastal reefs take place on only 12 % of the total coast perimeter but are of an importance for economical activity and for inhabitants welfare distinctly above their size. . Human activities developed on coral reef costal zones damage the resources from which they benefit. This alarming situation imposes to set up appropriate management policies to strive for sustainable development. In this prospect the main points are: Identification, valuation and comprehension of the reefs functions and socio-economical issues. It is not the matter to estimate the monetary value of the coral reef but to study its socio-economical wealth, study which is no more only economical but intends to be a more extensive subject and for its comprehension geography has a predominant part
Roinsard, Nicolas. "Une sociologie des ré-affiliations : les effets sociaux du RMI à La Réunion." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3013.
Full textConceived by and for mainland France, in answer to rising unemployment in the 1980's, the minimum income (RMI : Revenu Minimum d'Insertion) produced rather peculiar results in the former plantation society of La Reunion, where poverty and dependency always have been an integral part of lower class life. Although it brought a new lease of life to the local system of social protection, the RMI generated a profound mutation of the vision these populations had of employment, given that until then, they mainly had to choose between low wages and uncompensated unemployment. The concept of " Creole re-affiliations " translates into a new integration process, which comes about in the transfer society. This process is a response to a notion of de-affiliation perceived by a large number of workers who felt, both, neglected by a modernising rural economy, and excluded from paid employment as we know it, which only a small section of the population benefited from
Catherine, Jean-Marie. "Nécessité d'une approche didactique du projet professionnel à l'île de la Réunion : privation culturelle, schème, conjectures et réfutation." Paris 5, 1998. http://tel.univ.run.elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/H/1997_CATHERINE_JM.pdf.
Full text1-Subject matter and problematics the aim is to rationalize the individual's vocational project : how is it initially set up from a cognitive point of view? Does it develop still further? Can it be radically modified? The hypothesis is : a setting up process is a skill which is organized by a schema which allows the individual to a grip with the working environment. 2-The reference framework. In this approach, reference is made to the fact that culture and cognitive functioning are closely entwined and that the socio-economical situation of reunion doesn't allow the individual to find ways of constructing a vocational project. The individual is thus "culturally deprived" in so far as he has never been given the benefit of mediated learning experiences. . The vocational project is aleatory and may be refuted. The conduct draws on the scientific paradigm of "falsificationisme" : in the same way as a scientist does, the individual states a conjecture and tests it out if it stands up to the tests, it is corroborated. Otherwise, it is simply falsified. This thought process based on conjectures and refutations is characterized by certain constants and the schema is a way of demonstrating this. It contains the cognitive resources which enable the individual to generate, finalize and adjust his activities in a real life situation. In addition, it serves two purposes : to produce effects on "reality" or to call this "reality" in to question. 3-Proposals. Theoretical aspects the function of the schema involved in the conduct of a project is to question "reality". It is made up of - operational invariants (i. E. The way, the project is set up and the theorem whose plausibility and feasability must be investigated) ; - rules of conduct which allow the individual to develop his investigation ; - inferences whose results may be either the refutation or the corroboration of the project. Proposals for action - to act upon the elements of the schema by means of specific forms of mediation - the structures and the successive steps of a didactic situation
Rémy, Bernard. "Cartographie de la criminalité à la Réunion : approche géographique de la criminalité et de la délinquance." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL308.
Full textGiacomoni, Caroline. "Les représentations de la maladie du cancer liée aux modes de vie et comportements à risque chez les jeunes Réunionnais." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0438.
Full textThe doctoral work in health anthropology ficuses on cancer representations among youth of Réunion Island. It shows the link made between lifestyles, risk behaviors and cancer disease, through several types of consumptions (food, alcohol, cannabis, tobacco) and behaviors (tanning) frequently encountered in the young population. The study seeks to identify the particularities of cancer representations in réunion context; and wants to understand how the various images linked to cancer are based, transmitted and how they take root in young healthy. If the exoticism of cancer representations is not clear, the study reveals nevertheless certain characteristics of "youth group" in which, the miscegenation of knowledge, that come from various vectors such as media, family, school, neighborhood friends, etc. , characterizes the young representational process regarding cancer in opposition traditional/modern. Moreover, it highlights the socio-cultural issues facing life-threatening cancer (calling into question the social role, the body representations facing this disease). In the end, this doctoral work provides information on society of réunion Island through the lens of cancer representations of its youth
Lapierre, André. "Culture créole, culture française et pratiques sportives à La Réunion." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112050.
Full textBigot, Lionel. "Les communautés de macrofaune benthique des sédiments côtiers en zone tropicale non récifale : diversité et réponses aux modifications de l'environnement marin à La Réunion, océan Indien." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468129.
Full textBerrard, Maurice. "Le management éducatif : comment diriger autrement pour diriger mieux aujourd'hui dans l'éducation nationale ?" La Réunion, 1990. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/90_37-pap-berrard.pdf.
Full textSociety is changing. Nevertheless, most managerial practices in french state education are still in line with early twentieth century trends. What then, is the way to a different and better kind of management ? Further, will this kind of management be particular to education ? The case studies that follow may shed some light on the issue
Lucas, Raoul. "La mise en place de l'école dans une société esclavagiste puis coloniale : La Réunion 1815-1946." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080923.
Full textEducation is socialization and has a prominent part in our society. The link between education and society seems to be complex, yet resorting to historical perspective offers some clarification on the issue. Access to this perspective involves the scrutiny of both historical and social factors in order to understand the educational setting in a populating colony (both with and without slavery) in reunion, or ile bourbon as it was then known, from 1815 to 1946. In conclusion, to examine the educational setting in the colony it is necessary to examine the dynamic evolution of the reunionnais society
Huitelec, Richard. "Le développement durable et la gestion locale des ressources énergétiques." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40011.
Full textWatson, Marie. "Valorisation par voie microbiologique d’un coproduit de l’industrie réunionnaise de la canne à sucre : la vinasse de distillerie." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0038.
Full textTo bring value to by-products from the sugar industry and to contribute to a bio-refinery approach, the V2ARUN project revolves around the aconitic acid, which is the major organic acid in sugarcane. This thesis aims to produce aconitic acid and/or to convert other organic acids present in the stillage through biological ways in order to combine bioremediation and bioconversion. The evolution of the growth of filamentous fungi in stillage has shown that particular strains of the Aspergillus family grow very well (30 gL-1 of biomass) leading to a reduction rate of COD around 50%. However, the complex composition of the stillage, especially in polyphenols, prevents some strains of fungi to grow. For this reason, the screening of strains that can enhance the vinasse has been extended to a two step fungal culture: a preliminary culture in a malt medium followed by the transfer of the biomass produced in the stillage. This process promotes the development of more micro-organisms in stillage and allows to increase the physico-chemical quality of the stillage that which obtained in conventional batch cultivation. Thereafter, the fermented musts obtained are analysed for the purpose of studying the evolution of organic acids and especially the aconitic acid. The results indicate that micro-organisms consume organic acids to grow and no organic acid is produced by this method. Even though, this technique does not respond to the industrial requirements of the V2ARUN project, other metabolites such as lignocellulosic enzymes have been identified and have thus allowed to consider new applications
Lavergne, Roger. "Plantes médicinales indigènes : tisanerie et tisaneurs de la Réunion." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978928.
Full textGrimaud, René. "Dynamique des populations de Culicoides à l’île de La Réunion, moucherons vecteurs d’orbiviroses." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0034.
Full textCattle farms in Reunion Island regularly experience outbreaks of "bavites", a local term designing diseases due to epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV), two orbiviruses transmitted by hematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Several serotypes of these two orbiviruses circulate in Reunion Island and are responsible for economic losses and deterioration in the health status of bovine livestock. Among the 5 species of Culicoides recorded in Reunion Island, Culicoides imicola, Culicoides bolitinos, Culicoides enderleini, Culicoides grahamii, and Culicoides kibatiensis, at least the first two are vectors of BTV and EHDV to ruminants. In this context, it seems important to characterize the ecology and to specify the vector role of Culicoides in Reunion Island. The aims of this work are to i) determine the environmental and climatic factors that govern the presence and abundance of each Culicoides species on the island; ii) model their temporal and spatio-temporal dynamics; iii) identify the species potentially involved in the transmission of the two orbiviruses and characterize the circulation of these two viruses in local Culicoides populations. A longitudinal survey consisting in bimonthly collections of midges in 11 sites during 26 months enabled characterizing and modelling the temporal dynamics of the different Culicoides species using hurdle statistical models in order to identify environmental and climatic drivers of their dynamics. These dynamic models were then spatialized using Ocelet spatial dynamics software and validated using data originating from a large trapping campaign carried out in 101 sites throughout the island. Finally, the screening of 1500 monospecific pools of Culicoides for EHDV and BTV by polymerase chain reaction enabled detecting each virus in 4 of the 5 species of Culicoides: BTV was detected in all species except C. grahamii and EHDV in all species except C. enderleini. The work carried out during this thesis therefore contributed to improve knowledge of the vector ecology in relation to EHDV and BTV transmission in Reunion Island and, in the absence of prevention methods such as vaccination and vector control strategies, to develop approaches to specify the risk of transmission of these two viruses
Thiann-Bo, Morel Marie. "Le couple créole/métro à La Réunion. Approche compréhensive de la construction de soi dans le couple mixte." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669783.
Full textStrasberg, Dominique. "Dynamique des forêts tropicales de l'île de La Réunion : processus d'invasions et de régénération sur les coulées volcaniques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954484.
Full textBlöss-Widmer, Isabelle. "Migrations, emploi, développement : analyse comparée de l'île de la Réunion et de l'île Maurice." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010645.
Full textCalcine, Marie Paule. "Particularités de l'inclusion des enfants et adolescents handicapés mentaux à l'Ile de la Réunion : une situation liminaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC031.
Full textSocial policies nowadays aim at reducing inequalities in access to rights: reinforce access to full citizenship for people with disabilities and build an inclusive society. The concept of "inclusion" is gradually substituting that of "integration", following the change of paradigm. In other words, it is no longer up to the person with “special needs” to adapt himself to a so-called "normal" system. It’s up to society to ensure that everybody is included, regardless of his particularities. Solidarity is everyone's responsibility. The sociological context of Reunion Island is quite particular: it has known a colonial history before its accession to the statute of French department in 1946, which has accelerated its socio-economic development. This Overseas Department presents the advantages of an industrial society, without any natural resources. The various cultural and religious practices in such a small territory due to the melding of populations make the people of Reunion island singular. Their representation of handicap and its social treatment are strongly influenced. This society has developed spheres of inclusion with particular codes that are quite different from those of the French metropolitan society. Therefore, these particular codes are sometimes different from those practiced in school. And children with mental disabilities live in a sort of airlock between the family and school spheres, where some students stagnate, in the liminality. Nowadays all stakeholders, families, teachers and social workers, try to rely on new schemes to achieve a better inclusion for these children
Malet-Damour, Bruno. "Contribution à l'étude des dispositifs de guides lumineux tubulaires (D.G.L.T.) appliqués au bâtiment : expérimentation, modélisation et validation." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0026/document.
Full textDesigning a building with comfort and energy conservation concerns is a key issue. In the alarming global context, both on energy-climate that the building sector is singled out. In France, the lighting is among the poor performers compared to other European countries. The country lags behind in quality tertiary or residential lighting in terms of energy performance, visual comfort or health. The organization of "2015, Année de la Lumière en France" by the ONU, UNESCO and the CNOP shows a change which tends to take place in the popular consciousness. Reunion Island, considering its strong solar radiation, is a land of choice to experiment with innovative devices in the contribution of daylight in buildings. For this purpose, the physical approach of the phenomenon provides prediction prospects, where the theoretical study of today will be tomorrow's building. Starting with a generalist approach, this PhD thesis aims to be as comprehensive as possible in the literature review, experimental and modelling study of the TDGS (Tubular Daylight Guide Systems) applied to the building. Our bibliographic survey has revealed that, this process is commonly marketed and installed internationally on the buildings concerned about their environmental impact or well-being of their occupants. However, the literature also shows they are poorly studied, and the approaches cannot be applied to all types of climates. In this context, a full-scale experimental study, including many scenarios was conducted to understand the phenomena involved.The semi-empirical modelling has both strengths and weaknesses. With simplicity, it remains limited to a configuration or a particular climate. In this issue, this research offers a solution: a numeric tool of dedicated modelling environment, ensuring the generation of the models according to need, called HEMERA. It uses the power of genetic algorithms to provide an effective solution to a local problem. The computer code CODYRUN is the support of the validation of the model developed as part of this work, and adjusted specifically for the climate of Reunion Island. This software profits an experience and a development of over 20 years in the PIMENT laboratory
Chaput, Marie. "Déformation et activité intrusive des volcans boucliers - Du terrain à la modélisation numérique (Piton des Neiges - La Réunion)." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967104.
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