Journal articles on the topic 'Socioeconomics status'
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Wirsching, H., C. Morel, P. Roth, and M. Weller. "OS7.6 Socioeconomic burden and associations with quality of life in meningioma patients." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_3 (August 2019): iii15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz126.049.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Socioeconomics affect the outcome of neurological patients, but the socioeconomic burden of brain tumors has not been studied in detail. PATIENTS AND METHODS This survey study in a clinically well-annotated cohort of meningioma patients was designed to explore socioeconomic status parameters at diagnosis and one year thereafter. The survey comprised level of education, profession, employment status, subjective work ability, monthly income and the EPICES social deprivation score. Quality of life (QoL) and symptom burden were queried utilizing the EORTC-QLQ-C30/BN20 and MDASI-BT. A multivariate binary regression model was applied to explore associations of socioeconomics with QoL. RESULTS Completed surveys were obtained from 249 of 410 patients (61%) who were invited to participate. The level of education was an apprenticeship or higher in 214 patients (86%). One year after diagnosis, there was a 20% decline in the fraction of employed patients and a more than twofold increase in unemployment and disability (p<0.001). There was a decrease in monthly income among patients with a baseline income below national average (p=0.008). On multivariate analyses, there was an association of inferior QoL with pre-operative unemployment or retirement (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.02–5.88), whereas a subjective work ability of >70% was associated with better QoL (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.15–0.92). CONCLUSION Socioeconomics assessments should be incorporated in prospective neuro-oncology clinical trials. A more detailed knowledge of the effects of socioeconomics on patient outcome will aid in identifying patients at risk for deterioration and allow to implement improved preventive and supportive strategies.
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Mooney, Edward S., and Carol A. Thornton. "Mathematics Attribution Differences by Ethnicity and Socioeconomics Status." Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) 4, no. 3 (July 1999): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327671espr0403_9.
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Kirti, Prof. "Socio-Economic Survey: A Case Study of Village Bagda Doran District Dehradun, Uttrakhand." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38507.
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Abstract: Socioeconomics is the field of study that examines social and economic factors to better understand how the combination of both influences something. Here is the report on the socioeconomic status of a small village which is situated on a hill near tourist spot Sahstaradhara. Socioeconomic study of villages is mainly for understanding the present condition of villages regarding the lifestyle, education status, health status, water hazards, food scarcity and overall development of rural areas. People of such areas are totally dependent on their shops which are in Sahastradhara. Apart from this, the people of the village are little engaged in primary activites like agriculture and forestry. Keywords: Field survey, Sex Ratio, Litteracy Rate, LPG
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Muzayyanah, Mujtahidah Anggriani Ummul, Sudi Nurtini, Rini Widiati, Suci Paramitasari Syahlani, and Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti. "HOUSEHOLD DECISION ANALYSIS ON ANIMAL PROTEIN FOOD CONSUMPTION: EVIDENCE FROM D.I YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE." Buletin Peternakan 41, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v41i2.18062.
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Food consumption pattern in Indonesia has change. Consumption of animal protein food is increasing as income increase. Animal protein foods are come from fish products and livestock products. The aim of this study is to analyze household decision on animal protein food consumption based on socioeconomics determinant of the households. Household expenditure data were used in this study. Discrete choice model is used to measure household decision in consuming these foods. Socioeconomics determinants are measured by Binary Logistic regression to know the influence of these to the household’s decision. Marginal effect value from binary logistic regression analysis showed that households tend to increase consuming animal protein food from livestock products varies from 0.5 to 6.09 times associated to socioeconomic factors of the households. Further research need to analyze nutritional status of the household’s members.
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Huang, Lyen C., Yifei Ma, Justine V. Ngo, and Kim F. Rhoads. "Do insurance status and neighborhood characteristics explain why minorities underutilize NCI cancer centers?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 6010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6010.
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6010 Background: National Cancer-Institute (NCI) designated cancer centers provide some of the highest quality cancer care in the US, in part due to the availability of cutting edge technologies and access to cancer clinical trials. Racial/ethnic minorities suffer from persistent disparities in cancer outcomes, and these groups are typically under-represented in clinical trials. This may be due in part to under-utilization of NCI centers by these groups. Methods: A unique dataset linking the California Cancer Registry with California patient discharge abstracts was used to identify patients undergoing resection for a primary diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) (1996-2006). Travel distance to treatment hospital was determined using GIS software. Chi-square analysis correlated patient demographics, clinical characteristics, insurance status, and neighborhood socioeconomics with NCI center use. Multivariable regression models were constructed to predict the likelihood of using an NCI center. Results: 95,994 CRC patients were identified. Median travel distance for care was <5 miles. Only 12,659 (13%) lived within a 5 mile radius of an NCI center; and of those, fewer than 10% used the center for CRC care (n=1130). Black (OR 0.83 95%CI 0.72-0.95) and Hispanic (OR 0.72 95%CI 0.65-0.81) patients were less likely than white patients to use NCI centers. Neighborhood socioeconomics, but not insurance status, were significantly correlated with NCI under-utilization. Asian populations were more likely to use NCI centers than white patients (OR 1.40 95%CI 1.28-1.54). Conclusions: Black and Hispanic patients are less likely to use nearby NCI hospitals for CRC care. Outreach efforts in communities with low socioeconomic status and educational attainment may increase use of NCI centers, improve CRC outcomes, and increase minority enrollment in clinical trials.
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Mohajeri, Mahsa, Shiva Hoojeghani, Azimeh Izadi, Mohammad Ghahremanzadeh, Farhad Pourfarzi, Ali Nemati, and Ali Barzegar. "Food choice motivations among Ardabil – Iran adults?" Nutrition & Food Science 50, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-04-2019-0117.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the food choice motivations and some healthy food intake among Ardabil adults with different socioeconomic status. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on a focus group study conducted in September 2018. Self-assessed other food choice motivations, healthy food intake and socioeconomic status were reported in questionnaires. The study data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and χ2 test in groups of study. Findings Price was a primary motivation of food choice for low-level socioeconomic status persons. The wealthiest people total vegetable consumption was 3.59Â ± 0.004 serving/day, whereas the total vegetable consumption of poorest participants was significantly less than them (p = 0.012). Of the socioeconomics category 1 (SEC1) group participants, 82 per cent said that they consider food price when they were purchasing for their households, while only 28 per cent of SEC4 group said that they consider food prices when food choosing. Only 1 per cent of this group participants pay attention to food label when they choose foods. Originality/value This is the first study that investigated the food choice motivations in Ardabil adults. The results indicated that food price is the most critical food choice motivation. Based on this study results, the food policymaker can change people food security and food choices with some programs like as healthy food subsidies and unhealthy food taxes.
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Chiappori, Pierre-André, Sonia Oreffice, and Climent Quintana-Domeque. "BLACK–WHITE MARITAL MATCHING: RACE, ANTHROPOMETRICS, AND SOCIOECONOMICS." Journal of Demographic Economics 82, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 399–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2016.20.
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Abstract:We analyze the interaction of black–white race with physical and socioeconomic characteristics in the US marriage market, using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We estimatewho inter-racially marries whomalong anthropometric and socioeconomic characteristics dimensions. The black women who inter-marry are the thinner and more educated in their group; instead, white women are the fatter and less educated; black or white men who inter-marry are poorer and thinner. While women in “mixed” couples find a spouse who is poorer but thinner than if they intra-married, black men match with a white woman who is more educated than if they intra-married, and a white man finds a thinner spouse in a black woman. Our general findings are consistent with the “social status exchange” hypothesis, but the finding that black men who marry white women tend to be poorer than black men who marry black women isnot.
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Shaffer, Nancy Chiles. "THE HIGH COST OF SOCIOECONOMICS ON RACIAL DISPARITIES IN HEALTHY AGING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2193.
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Abstract Race-related differences in overall health across the age-span are well established; how differences manifest within a cohort selected for good functional status is unclear. Using data from Black and White older adults aged 70-79, in the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study, we created a healthy aging index (HAI) of mental health, fitness, lung capacity, bone mineral density, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. We assessed if racial differences existed in HAI, the extent education, financial resources and stress attenuated any observed differences, and whether this varied by site (Memphis v. Pittsburgh). Blacks had lower HAI than whites, adjusted for age and site. Further adjustment for finances and education eliminated the effect of race in women and reduced the effect in men by 64%. A significant interaction between site and financial stress was observed. Future research should assess ways to reduce the harmful impact of low socioeconomic status on health.
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Urban, Katelyn, Rachel Lynn Giesey, Maria Delost, and Gregory Raymond Delost. "An Update on the Global Burden and Socioeconomics of Scabies." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 4, no. 6 (October 27, 2020): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.4.6.5.
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Introduction: Scabies represents a significant burden worldwide, but epidemiologically, how it relates to socioeconomic status, and impact of recent global interventions remains largely unknown.Methods: We analyzed global scabies trends from 2015 to 2017 in 195 countries worldwide through the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database, including age-standardized prevalence rates, relationship to comorbidities, and age and sex patterns. We also compared scabies burden to a country’s socioeconomic status by using disability-adjusted life years and socio-demographic index, respectively. Results: The age-specific prevalence rate in 2017 demonstrated a right skewed distribution with a peak between 15 and 20 years of age, and a roughly equal male:female ratio across all ages. Scabies burden was higher in resource-poor countries. The world regions of Oceania, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and tropical Latin America had the greatest prevalence of scabies. The individual countries with highest scabies burden were Papua New Guinea (age-standardized DALYs 148.2), Solomon Islands (140.5), Kiribati (139.9), Timor-Leste (138.2) and the Maldives (134.9). A positive linear relationship exists between scabies burden and burden of rheumatic fever and bacterial skin disease.Conclusion: The burden of scabies is highest in children, adolescents, tropical climates, and low income countries. Rheumatic fever and bacterial skin disease burden is higher in areas where scabies burden is also higher. These global data may potentially serve as a purposeful measure for directing resources to improve the global burden of scabies.
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Dantoft, Thomas Meinertz, Steven Nordin, Linus Andersson, Marie Weinreich Petersen, Sine Skovbjerg, and Torben Jørgensen. "Multiple chemical sensitivity described in the Danish general population: Cohort characteristics and the importance of screening for functional somatic syndrome comorbidity—The DanFunD study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): e0246461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246461.
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Background Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is characterized by widespread symptoms attributed to exposure to airborne chemicals. MCS is categorized as a functional somatic syndrome (FSS), and MCS cases often meet the criteria for other types of FSS, e.g. fibromyalgia. The primary aim was to characterize MCS regarding symptom triggers, symptoms, lifestyle and describe demographics, socioeconomics and lifestyle factors associated with MCS. A secondary aim was to examine the implication of FSS comorbidity. Methods Data were derived from a random sample of the Danish adult population enrolled in the Danish Study of Functional Disorders (DanFunD; n = 9,656). Questionnaire data comprised information used to delimit MCS and four additional types of FSS, as well as data on demographics, socioeconomics and lifestyle. MCS cases (n = 188) was stratified into subgroups; MCS only (n = 109) and MCS with comorbid FSS (n = 73). Information regarding FSS comorbidities were missing for six MCS cases. MCS subgroups and controls without FSS comorbidities (n = 7,791) were compared by means of logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex. Results MCS was associated with female sex, not being in occupation and low social status, but not with age or education. MCS cases reported normal dietary intake and smoking habits and lower alcohol consumption. Additional associations were found between MCS and low rate of cohabitation, sedentarism, daily physically limitations, and poor quality of sleep. However, subgroup analysis revealed that these findings were primarily associated with MCS with comorbid FSS. Conclusions MCS was associated with lower socioeconomic status, physically inactivity and poor quality of sleep. Subgroup analysis revealed that several associations was explained by FSS comorbidity, i.e. MCS cases with no comorbid FSS showed normal rate of cohabitation and did not report physical limitations or difficulties sleeping. Overall, our findings emphasise the importance of screening MCS cases for FSS comorbidity both in epidemiological and clinical settings.
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Dearing, Eric, Beth Casey, Pamela E. Davis-Kean, Sarah Eason, Elizabeth Gunderson, Susan C. Levine, Elida V. Laski, et al. "Socioeconomic Variations in the Frequency of Parent Number Talk: A Meta-Analysis." Education Sciences 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12050312.
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Using data from 12 studies, we meta-analyze correlations between parent number talk during interactions with their young children (mean sample age ranging from 22 to 79 months) and two aspects of family socioeconomics, parent education, and family income. Potential variations in correlation sizes as a function of study characteristics were explored. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the amount of number talk in parent-child interactions and both parent education and family income (i.e., r = 0.12 for education and 0.14 for income). Exploratory moderator analyses provided some preliminary evidence that child age, as well as the average level of and variability in socioeconomic status, may moderate effect sizes. The implications of these findings are discussed with special attention to interpreting the practical importance of the effect sizes in light of family strengths and debate surrounding “word gaps”.
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Moran, Kevin, Robert Podstawski, Stefan Mańkowski, Dariusz Choszcz, and Zoran Sarevic. "Socioeconomics Influences on the Water Competencies of Young Adult Polish Males." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 74, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2017-0014.
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AbstractDespite the popularity of aquatic recreation and its well-promoted prophylactic and therapeutic values, not a lot is known about how socio-cultural background influences the acquisition of water competency. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of socio-economic and environmental factors on the swimming and rescue skills of male university students (n = 521) aged 19-20 years residing in the Region of Warmia and Mazury, Poland.An anonymous questionnaire was used as a diagnostic tool to elicit information on participants’ social backgrounds (such as parental income and level of education). Participants provided self-estimates of swimming and rescue competency that included non-stop distance swimming, familiarity with selected swimming strokes, and their estimated rescue ability.The results suggest that students’ self-estimated swimming competency, the distance they could swim non-stop, and the capacity to swim various strokes increased in association with higher levels of educational background of the father, higher levels of monthly income, and increased size of residential agglomeration. The level of rescue skills also improved with increases in the educational background of both parents, the size of residential agglomeration, and the monthly budget. No significant differences were found in rescue competency levels when analyzed by the mothers’ educational experience. Levels of both swimming and rescue competencies were lower than those reported in comparable studies.Socio-economic status (such as a lack of discretionary time and income for families with a lower socio-economic status) and place of residence (such as lack of facilities in small villages and towns) mediated the opportunity to acquire water competencies or gain experience with aquatic activity. Methods for addressing socio-economic barriers to the acquisition of swimming and rescue competency are discussed and recommendations for further research are made.
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Hong, Sanghee, and Navneet S. Majhail. "Increasing access to allotransplants in the United States: the impact of race, geography, and socioeconomics." Hematology 2021, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2021000259.
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Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is particularly susceptible to racial, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities in access and outcomes given its specialized nature and its availability in select centers in the United States. Nearly all patients who need HCT have a potential donor in the current era, but racial minority populations are less likely to have an optimal donor and often rely on alternative donor sources. Furthermore, prevalent health care disparity factors are further accentuated and can be barriers to access and referral to a transplant center. Research has primarily focused on defining and quantifying a variety of social determinants of health and their association with access to allogeneic HCT, with a focus on race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. However, research on interventions is lacking and is an urgent unmet need. We discuss the role of racial, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities in access to allogeneic HCT, along with policy changes to address and mitigate them and opportunities for future research.
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Mai, Wu. "Impact of Social Economics in Social Development." Number-3, March 2019 2, no. 3 (March 31, 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35935/tax/23.5343.
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Here, in the article, basically the society and economics how are related that will presented. Even, the nature of social economics or socioeconomics will be described here. This is an important branch of economics. Tis article contains various aspects of social economics. Some of important topics are as like social status, social class and so on. Thus by this article, we will get distinct idea about this topic.
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Nguyen, Yen Hoang Thi, Masayuki Ueno, Takashi Zaitsu, Toai Nguyen, and Yoko Kawaguchi. "Early Childhood Caries and Risk Factors in Vietnam." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 42, no. 3 (January 1, 2018): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-42.3.2.
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Objective: To investigate caries prevalence and examine its relationship with socioeconomic status and oral health behavior of Vietnamese kindergarten children. Study design: The study was carried out on 1,028 children aged 2–5 years in six kindergartens in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. Information about socioeconomics and oral health behaviors was collected through a self-administered questionnaire, and oral health status by clinical dental examination. Results: Clinical dental examination found that overall caries prevalence and mean dmft were 89.1% and 9.32. Caries prevalence and mean dmft increased greatly from two years to three years old, and gradually developed from three years to five years old. A logistic regression revealed that caries had an inverse relationship with mothers' educational level and a positive relationship with the habit of retaining food in the mouth for a long time in two-year-old children. Prolonged breastfeeding, more frequent sweets consumption, no thumb sucking habit, and higher modified debris index score were the risk factors for caries among three-to-five-year-old children. Conclusions: This study indicated a high prevalence of caries and related risk factors such as low mother's educational level and inappropriate oral health behavior among kindergarten children in Vietnam.
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Heslop, Claire L., Gregory E. Miller, and John S. Hill. "Neighbourhood Socioeconomics Status Predicts Non-Cardiovascular Mortality in Cardiac Patients with Access to Universal Health Care." PLoS ONE 4, no. 1 (January 7, 2009): e4120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004120.
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Leong, Misha, Robert R. Dunn, and Michelle D. Trautwein. "Biodiversity and socioeconomics in the city: a review of the luxury effect." Biology Letters 14, no. 5 (May 2018): 20180082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0082.
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The ecological dynamics of cities are influenced not only by geophysical and biological factors, but also by aspects of human society. In cities around the world, a pattern of higher biodiversity in affluent neighbourhoods has been termed ‘the luxury effect'. The luxury effect has been found globally regarding plant diversity and canopy or vegetative cover. Fewer studies have considered the luxury effect and animals, yet it has been recognized in the distributions of birds, bats, lizards and indoor arthropods. Higher socioeconomic status correlates with higher biodiversity resulting from many interacting factors—the creation and maintenance of green space on private and public lands, the tendency of both humans and other species to favour environmentally desirable areas, while avoiding environmental burdens, as well as enduring legacy effects. The luxury effect is amplified in arid cities and as neighbourhoods age, and reduced in tropical areas. Where the luxury effect exists, benefits of urban biodiversity are unequally distributed, particularly in low-income neighbourhoods with higher minority populations. The equal distribution of biodiversity in cities, and thus the elimination of the luxury effect, is a worthy societal goal.
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Mumtaz, Humaira, Iqbal Javed, and Allah Bakhsh. "Impact of Psychological Consequences on Poverty: An Evidence from Pakistan." Journal of Economic Impact 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei0103191.
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The limitation and the complications which the economic agents are facing are studied in behavioral economics. The current study underhand is an attempt to explore the impact of psychological consequences on household incomes. The current study underhand used World Value Survey data for the years 2012-2014 for Pakistan. Simple Linear Regression analysis was used to measure the impact of psychological variables on the income of households in Pakistan. The results show that people with a more external locus of control positively affect their incomes, as they do believe in external factors like fate and luck for its success or failure. Creativity, loneliness, and positivity have a direct relation with income while mistrust and risk aversion have an inverse relation with income. Creative minds of individuals, freedom of choice to control their lives phenomenon have a strong, positive and significant association with income. Creativity at work increase income or regular work for just reward increase income. This means that the individuals who mistrust less are consequently quicker in taking economic decisions and would make investment planning that will lead to an increase in their income. A second estimated model of this study includes all socioeconomic variables which can determine the level of income. These variables cover a wide range of demographic and social variables. These socioeconomics variables are age, gender, level of education, number of children, marital status, interaction variable of marital status and age, a square of interaction variable of marital status and age, interaction variable of gender and age, a square of interaction variables of gender and age and dummies of the province. Results show that all these variables have a significant relation with income level. All the socioeconomic and demographic variables have a strong association with the level of income. It reveals that the dummy of marital status negatively influences the income, it means that an unmarried man can earn more than a married. This study suggested that policymakers should take initial steps to focus on human psychology while making efforts to reduce the poverty level.
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Bhandari, Nirajan, and Thaneshwar Bhandari. "Marketing and Socioeconomics Aspects of Large Cardamom Production in Tehrathum, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 4 (May 6, 2018): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v4i1.19693.
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A survey was conducted in November 2015 in one of the pocket area of large cardamom production in Teharthum District, eastern Nepal with aim to investigate the status of cardamom enterprises. The parameters used were cardamom production area, type of manure used, drying facilities, technical skills of farmers, market channels and variable cost etc. We purposively selected 30 cardamom producers and stakeholders for interview pre-designed questionnaires. The result showed that average area, production and productivity of large cardamom per household were 0.86 ha, 200 kg and 232 kg.ha-1, respectively, with the average farming experience of 22 years. It was revealed that 13% farmers used farmyard organic manure, the use of 1.5 kg/plant farmyard manure might produce 28.5% higher yield cardamom compared to without using any manure or fertilizers. It was also revealed among the responded only 7% had received improved drying machine from District Agriculture Development Office (DADO) at 50% subsidy, while only 23% of farmers received training and technical services from DADO. The study showed that per hectare average total cost of large cardamom production, selling price and gross revenue were NRs. 2,36,705 ($2255), NRs. 5,50,305 ($5240) and NRs. 3,13,600 ($2985), respectively, with benefit/cost (B/C) ratio of 2 after the completion of gestation period of 4 years. Our survey showed that predominant marketing approach was by direct sell to the traders located at district headquarter. The productivity of large cardamom was influenced by various factors, such as nearly 75.2% of the variation in productivity was explained by the number of active family members, farming period, area, intercultural operations, variable cost and depreciated fixed cost.
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Nilakusmawati, DPE, and M. Susilawati. "Comparative Characteristics of Informal Sector Workers in Kuta Beach Versus Sanur Beach." Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH) 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujossh.2018.v02.i01.p02.
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This study aims to compare the socio-economic characteristics of informal sector workers who run their business in the location of Kuta Beach, Badung-Bali versus Sanur Beach, Denpasar-Bali. Data were obtained from primary sources using questionnaires and sampling was done by purposive sampling. Informal sector workers who are respondents include street vendors, hawkers, masseuseers, photo artisans, souvenir vendors, and other personal services such as canoe rental, umbrellas rental, and others. The variable characteristics of the respondents were 15 variables of socioeconomics. Descriptive analysis is used to obtain an overview of socioeconomic characteristics of informal sector workers in the two sites studied. The result showed the average age of informal sector workers in Kuta beach is 50 years and Sanur 44 years. Working hours per day are not much different between two sites. The average income of respondents in Kuta Beach is lower than the average income of workers in Sanur. Workers in Kuta beach have been running relatively longer businesses compared to workers in Sanur beach. The relatively similar characteristics of workers between the two sites are sexes dominated by female workers, with marital status, mostly migrants with a length of stay of more than 5 years, with the status of homes occupied mostly by rent. Most workers in both sites are workers with self-employment status with workers of unpaid families. The findings of the study indicate a difference in the educational level of workers for the two comparable sites. There are also differences in the nature of merchandise services.
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Aloysius, Mark M., Hemant Goyal, Niraj J. Shah, Kumar Pallav, Nimy John, Mahesh Gajendran, Abhilash Perisetti, and Benjamin Tharian. "Impact of Race and Socioeconomics Disparities on Survival in Young-Onset Colorectal Adenocarcinoma—A SEER Registry Analysis." Cancers 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 3262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133262.
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Introduction: We aimed to assess the impact of socio-economic determinants of health (SEDH) on survival disparities within and between the ethnic groups of young-onset (<50 years age) colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Patients and Methods: Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry was used to identify colorectal adenocarcinoma patients aged between 25–49 years from 2012 and 2016. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meir method. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the hazard effect of SEDH. American community survey (ACS) data 2012–2016 were used to analyze the impact of high school education, immigration status, poverty, household income, employment, marital status, and insurance type. Results: A total of 17,145 young-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma patients were studied. Hispanic (H) = 2874, Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native (NHAIAN) = 164, Non-Hispanic Asian Pacific Islander (NHAPI) = 1676, Non-Hispanic black (NHB) = 2305, Non-Hispanic white (NHW) = 10,126. Overall cancer-specific survival was, at 5 years, 69 m. NHB (65.58 m) and NHAIAN (65.67 m) experienced worse survival compared with NHW (70.11 m), NHAPI (68.7), and H (68.31). High school education conferred improved cancer-specific survival significantly with NHAPI, NHB, and NHW but not with H and NHAIAN. Poverty lowered and high school education improved cancer-specific survival (CSS) in NHB, NHW, and NHAPI. Unemployment was associated with lowered CSS in H and NAPI. Lower income below the median negatively impacted survival among H, NHAPI NHB, and NHW. Recent immigration within the last 12 months lowered CSS survival in NHW. Commercial health insurance compared with government insurance conferred improved CSS in all groups. Conclusions: Survival disparities were found among all races with young-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma. The pattern of SEDH influencing survival was unique to each race. Overall higher income levels, high school education, private insurance, and marital status appeared to be independent factors conferring favorable survival found on multivariate analysis.
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Pavić, Lazar, Jernej Turk, Ivo Grgić, and Jernej Prišenk. "Impact Analysis of the Young Farmers’ Support Program on Slovenian Dairy Sector Development Using Econometric Modeling Approach." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (March 21, 2020): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030429.
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This study analyzes the effects that action 112 of the Rural Development Policy had on the socioeconomic status of Slovenian dairy farms. The data used in this paper were collected from Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), a database for applicants in action 112 (young farms transferees), from whose applications for participation in this action the data were obtained. Twenty-eight different econometric models were developed during the first stage of the research. The evaluation of the models was subsequently performed by applying valid statistical and econometric criteria. The results reveal the main positive effects that action 112 had on socioeconomic indicators of the dairy farms: number of full-time labor power, number of head of large livestock, total revenue (in euros) and net value added. Statistically significant differences in benefits from action 112 among dairy farms were determined by using two sets of dummy variables: region and level of education. The research in the field of the effect of the rural development policy action support of young farmers on socioeconomics performance of milk farms can make a significant contribution to developing the researchers’ work and policy makers’ decisions. Furthermore, this research is important from the agronomic point of view, since its results support two of the basic goals of Common agricultural policy after 2020: environmental care and conservation of landscape and biodiversity.
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Feinhandler, Ian, Benjamin Cilento, Brad Beauvais, Jordan Harrop, and Lawrence Fulton. "Predictors of Death Rate during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Healthcare 8, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030339.
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Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a potentially fatal viral infection. This study investigates geography, demography, socioeconomics, health conditions, hospital characteristics, and politics as potential explanatory variables for death rates at the state and county levels. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Census Bureau, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, Definitive Healthcare, and USAfacts.org were used to evaluate regression models. Yearly pneumonia and flu death rates (state level, 2014–2018) were evaluated as a function of the governors’ political party using a repeated measures analysis. At the state and county level, spatial regression models were evaluated. At the county level, we discovered a statistically significant model that included geography, population density, racial and ethnic status, three health status variables along with a political factor. A state level analysis identified health status, minority status, and the interaction between governors’ parties and health status as important variables. The political factor, however, did not appear in a subsequent analysis of 2014–2018 pneumonia and flu death rates. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 has a greater and disproportionate effect within racial and ethnic minority groups, and the political influence on the reporting of COVID-19 mortality was statistically relevant at the county level and as an interaction term only at the state level.
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Yuniwati, Cut, and Fithriany. "Implementation of Clean and Healthy Lifestyle Behavior with Children's Nutritional Status the During Covid-19 Pandemic." Science Midwifery 10, no. 4 (September 28, 2022): 2843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/midwifery.v10i4.726.
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The implementation of Clean and Healthy Lifestyle in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious problem in society. The application of clean and healthy living behavior in everyday life in the household can reduce the risk of disease and nutritional status in children. Achievement of optimal nutritional status can be influenced by several factors, namely direct, indirect and root causes. Direct factors consist of food consumption and infection status. Indirect factors consist of availability, food consumption patterns, hygiene, sanitation, and environmental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the Clean and Healthy Lifestyle with Child Nutritional Status in the midst of the Covid-19 Pandemic. This study is a systematic review using online databases, namely Scholar, Sciencedirect, ProQuest, and EBSCO. The keywords used are clean and healthy living behavior, Child Nutrition Status, Covid-19 Pandemic.The selection process used the PRISMA protocol so that 15 articles were obtained that met the inclusion criteria. The findings of the review show that adopting a good, clean and healthy lifestyle affects children's nutritional status. The application of clean and healthy living habits in household arrangements is influenced by knowledge, culture, socioeconomics, beliefs, and the availability of facilities or technologies. During the Covid-19 pandemic, parents can play a role in reminding, educating, providing role models and support, advising, and emphasizing the importance of clean and healthy living.
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Daniel, Jonas Baltazar, Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa, Valterlinda Alves de Oliveira Queiroz, Elisabete de Jesus Pinto, Gildásio Carvalho da Conceição, and Ana Marlúcia de Oliveira Assis. "Socioeconomic and environmental determinants and hypovitaminosis D in adolescents in the northeast of Brazil: a hierarchical approach." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 8 (June 26, 2022): e44811830496. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i8.30496.
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Family socioeconomic and environmental conditions are associated with health status and disease outcomes in infancy, acting at different levels of determination over these events, positively or negatively affecting individuals. Methods was adopted a hierarchical approach to investigate a vitamin D insufficiency and socioecomimc determinants in the basic, intermediate, and immediate levels. The logistic regression and odds ratio (OR) as an association measure were used to assess the relationship of interest. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (10-29.9 ng/ml) was 54.1% of the adolescents, no vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/ml) was identified. At the basic level, was observed a 52% protective effect (OR = 0.48; p< 0.003) of the low socioeconomic stratum for the occurrence of insufficient vitamin D levels; living in rural area increased by 2.35 times more chances of having insufficient vitamin D levels (OR = 2.35; p < 0.001). At the intermediate level, the sanitary conditions of the household situated at the lowest level of the distribution tercile, resulted in a 1.41% higher risk (OR = 2.41; p < 0.034) of those conditions being associated with vitamin D insufficiency. At the immediate level, the results showed that those with 14-years had 2.37 times more chances (OR = 2.37; p < 0.024) and to be black/brown skin (OR = 2.00; p < 0.047) were associated with vitamin D insufficiency. Conclusion socioeconomics factors and individual level were associated with vitamin D insufficiency in adolescents.
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Matulewicz, Richard, Adam Benjamin Weiner, Jeffrey J. Tosoian, John Oliver Delancey, Joseph Feinglass, Scott E. Eggener, and Edward M. Schaeffer. "Race, demographics, and socioeconomics as they relate to newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2017): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.6_suppl.195.
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195 Background: As screening practices evolve, understanding the influence race, demographics, and socioeconomic status have on the presentation of metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) can lead to improved diagnostic strategies in high-risk populations. Methods: Men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the National Cancer Data Base from 2004-2013 were identified. Characteristics of men presenting with and without metastatic disease were compared. A four-level composite metric of SES was created using census-based income and education data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis evaluated the association of age, SES, race/ethnicity, insurance status and other relevant covariates with the likelihood of presenting with mPCa. Results: Of the 1,034,754 PCa patients identified, 4% presented with mPCa. Compared to the highest SES group, odds of mPCa increased continuously with decreasing SES. A total of 24% of White men were in the lowest SES while more than half of Black and Hispanic men were in lowest SES category. Black and Hispanic men had higher overall rates of metastases (5.9% and 6.2%; OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.43-1.51 and OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.17-1.28, respectively) compared to Whites (3.6%). Having Medicaid or no insurance increased the odds of being diagnosed with mPCa compared to having other insurance (13% vs 4%; OR 3.91, 95% 3.78-4.05) with all other variables held constant, including SES. Among men in the lowest SES, the effect of SES appeared to be additive to race: OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.29-1.39), OR 2.09 (95% CI 2.00-1.78), and OR 1.66 (95% CI 1.56-1.77), for White, Black, and Hispanic ethnicity all in the lowest SES group, respectively. Across each race, men aged 75 and older had the highest rates of mPCa. Overall, Black men over age 74 had a higher rate of mPCa (14%) relative to Whites (9%) and Hispanics (11%). Conclusions: There is an inverse relationship between SES and odds of presenting with mPCa. Having no insurance or Medicaid increased the odds of mPCa, even when accounting for SES. Black and Hispanic race was associated with increased odds of mPCa, and the effects of race and SES appeared to be additive.
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Dangelmajer, Sean, Arthur Yang, Michael Githens, Alex H. S. Harris, and Julius A. Bishop. "Disparities in Total Hip Arthroplasty Versus Hemiarthroplasty in the Management of Geriatric Femoral Neck Fractures." Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation 8, no. 3 (August 8, 2017): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2151458517720991.
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Introduction: Recent clinical evidence suggests that total hip arthroplasty (THA) provides improved clinical outcomes as compared to hemiarthroplasty (HA) for displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly individuals. However, THA is still utilized relatively infrequently. Few studies have evaluated the factors affecting utilization and the role socioeconomics plays in THA versus HA. Methods: In the United States, the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to identify patients treated surgically for femoral neck fracture, between 2009 and 2010. Patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes for closed, transcervical femoral neck fractures and closed fractures at unspecified parts of the femoral neck. All candidate predictors of THA versus HA were entered into a multilevel mixed-effect regression model. Results: Older patient age, being Asian or Pacific Islander, and having Medicaid payer status were all associated with lower odds of receiving THA. Patients with private insurance including Health Maintenance organization (HMO) had higher odds of THA as did patients with other insurance. Odds of THA were significantly lower among patients in teaching hospitals and higher at hospitals with greater THA volume. Discussion: Ethnicity, payer status, hospital size, and institutional THA volume were all associated with the utilization of THA versus HA in the treatment of geriatric femoral neck fractures. Level of Evidence: Level III Retrospective Cohort study.
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Saidou, S., D. G. Iro, and J. M. K. Ambouta. "Socio-economic determinants of best land management practices adoption in highly anthropized areas: case study of Dan Saga and Tabofatt village clusters in Niger republic." Agro-Science 20, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v20i1.10.
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The objective sought by this study is to highlight the socio-economic determinants that could be helpful in scaling up of best land management practices in high demographics areas. Indeed, a survey was carried out in Dan Saga and Tabofatt two villages’ clusters in order to identify the driver factors which explain the high adoption of best land management practices in these areas. The data were collected from 200 farmers (100 from each cluster), randomly chosen. The survey addressed the likelihood of farmer to use agroforestry practices and or erosion control practices, on the basis of four socioeconomics variables: the educational level of farmer (Instr), the distance between their farm and habitation (Prox), the possession of Harnessed Cultivation Unit (HCU) and the land tenure status (Land). Data were subjected to an analysis by statistical modeling of logistic regression. The results show that agroforestry technology is predominated in Dan Saga cluster (90% of citation for agroforestry practices) compare to Tabofatt cluster where people use mostly erosion control practices (76% of citation for erosion control practices). Among the socioeconomics variables, three main factors significantly influenced the adoption of best land management; the educational level of peasants, the modality of land tenure by purchase and by inheritance and the possession of harness unit. In addition, the main land management technologies perform a high profitability compare to state of inaction. These results could serve as a lever for scaling up of regreening policy in other degraded areas of Sahel’s region.
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Allison, Rachel, Adriene Davis, and Raymond Barranco. "A comparison of hometown socioeconomics and demographics for black and white elite football players in the US." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 53, no. 5 (November 1, 2016): 615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690216674936.
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Despite widespread perceptions of elite US sport as meritocratic, there is little empirical research on the social origins of those who play college and professional sports in the US or how these vary by race. We use the case of American football, linking Entertainment and Sports Programming Network’s national recruit rankings data on incoming college football players from 2007–2016 ( N=929) with 2000 US Census data. Our study compares hometown socioeconomic and demographic indicators for black and white college athletes and then for those drafted into the National Football League. Findings show that the socioeconomic and demographic profiles of the hometowns producing elite football athletes vary by both athlete race and draft status. Black draftees come from denser, more socioeconomically disadvantaged and blacker hometowns than black non-drafted athletes, while white draftees come from less socioeconomically disadvantaged hometowns than white non-drafted athletes.
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Magaju, Christine, Leigh Ann Winowiecki, Mary Crossland, Aymen Frija, Hassen Ouerghemmi, Niguse Hagazi, Phosiso Sola, et al. "Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East Africa." Land 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120494.
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Increasing tree cover in agricultural lands can contribute to achieving global and national restoration goals, more so in the drylands where trees play a key role in enhancing both ecosystem and livelihood resilience of the communities that depend on them. Despite this, drylands are characterized by low tree survival especially for tree species preferred by local communities. We conducted a study in arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya and Ethiopia with 1773 households to assess how different tree planting and management practices influence seedling survival. Using on-farm planned comparisons, farmers experimented and compared tree survival under different planting and management practices as well as under varying socioeconomic and biophysical contexts in the two countries. Seedling survival was monitored at least six months after planting. Results show that watering, manure application, seedling protection by fencing and planting in a small hole (30 cm diameter and 45 cm depth) had a significant effect on tree seedling survival in Kenya, while in Ethiopia, mulching, watering and planting niche were significant to tree survival. Household socioeconomics and farms’ biophysical characteristics such as farm size, education level of the household head, land tenure, age of the household head had significant effects on seedling survival in both Ethiopia and Kenya while presence of soil erosion on the farm had a significant effect in Kenya. Soil quality ranking was positively correlated with tree survival in Ethiopia, regardless of species assessed. Current findings have confirmed effects of context specific variables some involving intrahousehold socioeconomic status such education level of the household head, and farm size that influence survival.
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Zeng, Yi. "Gender Differences in Familial Status, Socioeconomics, Functional Capacities and Wellbeing Among Oldest-Old Aged 80 Years and Above — China, 1998–2018." China CDC Weekly 3, no. 36 (2021): 757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2021.188.
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Li, Yannan, Hui Xie, Nicholas Theodoropoulos, and Qian Wang. "Mammography screening disparities in Asian American women: Findings from the California Health Interview Survey 2015-2016." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e18568-e18568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18568.
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e18568 Background: Foreign-born Asians were less likely to utilize preventive care due to medicine beliefs, language barriers, insurance coverage, and more. Their perceptions of breast cancer risks and screening benefits for asymptomatic conditions may differ from individuals born in the United States. It is urgent for preventive health professionals to understand screening disparities in Asian Americans. Methods: Data from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) 2015-2016 were used. Multivariable adjusted logistic regressions were generalized to identify the up-to-date mammography screening in relation to socioeconomic, chronic health condition/health behavior, and preventive care utilization, stratified by race. Results: Of NH-White and Asian American women aged 40 and above (unweighted N = 13,451), 78.41% were NH-White, 25.38% were foreign-born, 56.88% spoke only English at home, and 6.44% were not currently insured. The prevalence for self-reported mammography screening in NH-White and Asian American women were 68.06% and 65.97%, respectively. Among Asian American women, the lowest rate of mammograms was in Koreans (55.29%) and Chinese (72.19%) had the highest rate (p = 0.6438). In NH-White women, place of birth, smoking status, borderline diabetes, high blood pressure, is currently insured, and having a preventive care visit in the past 12 months were significant factors. Within Asian American women, borderline hypertension and having a preventive care visit were significant factors, but not ethnicity. Conclusions: The findings indicate that mammogram disparity in relation to socioeconomics, health behaviors, preventive care utilization, and race. Further development of ethnic-specific cancer prevention strategies and policies that address the subgroup differences within the larger racial/ethnic population are needed. Public health outreach and cancer education should target Asian American women with borderline hypertension and no preventive care visits.
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Osadebe, Chidiebere Ogechukwu, and Blessing Ijeoma Attah. "Assessment of Nutritional Status of Nursery School Children in Obudu Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria." International Journal of Home Economics, Hospitality and Allied Research 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.57012/ijhhr.v1n2.027.
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This study assessed the nutritional status of nursery school children aged 2-6 years in Obudu Local Government of Cross River State, three research questions guided the study. The assessment utilized the socioeconomics, and education status of parents, eating habits of the children, anthropometric measurement, and chemical signs (Scantiness and fluffiness of hair, paleness of lips /tongue, protrusion of stomach, flatness of buttocks, oedema and general fitness). It was found that the eating habits of the children (45.5%) were determined by the availability of mainly carbohydrate foods and 18.2% of proteins, vitamins, and minerals. The habits were due to the poor socio-economic and educational status of the parents. The result of anthropometric measurements indicated that on weight-for-height status, 10.8% of the children were wasted with a high prevalence rate of 5.9% in male children whereas females 4.9%. The sex of the children did not significantly influence the weight-for-height status of the children (p0.5). In terms of height-for-age status, 10.8% were stunted. There was no significant difference in the sex of the children (p>0.5). Weight-for-age indicated that 5.9% of the children were underweight. A higher prevalence rate (3.9%) was observed among the males than the females (2.0%). There was no significant difference in sex p.>0.5, overweight children were 8.8%, females being higher at 5.9% while males were over 2.9%. Using clinical signs, it was observed that 12.7% of the children were generally unfit. The children with scanty hair 10.8%, fluffy hair 2.0%, paleness of lips/tongue, 4.9%, protruded stomach 10.8%, flattened buttocks 11.8%, Oedema 4.9%. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that children should be made to eat 3-5 meals daily including 2-3 servings of snacks to enhance their nutritional status.
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Andraos, Joanna, Razan Awad, Tony Geagea, Clara Habib, Lydia Koberssi, Jessica Lahoud, Majeed Rabah, Farid Reaidy, Nour Saad Eddine, and Houshmand Masoumi. "Urban Travel Behavior and Socio-Spatial Issues in the Mena Region: What Do We Know?" Transport and Telecommunication Journal 22, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2021-0033.
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Abstract Unlike literature and studies coming from high-income or Western countries, the existing conducted on the Middle East and North Africa fail to draw a nearly complete image of the characteristics of passenger travel behaviors in the urban areas of the region. This gap necessitates a holistic review of the previous studies and comparing their results of those of the international findings. This paper summarizes the status of urban travel behavior studies on the MENA region under eight categories of socioeconomics, land use, perceptions and attitudes, urban sprawl, neighborhood design, public transportation use, active mobility, and new technologies and concepts. Descriptive literature review and desk research depicts both lack of research results or data and differences between the behaviors in the MENA region and the Western countries. Moreover, based on the background review, this paper provides a list of recommendations for having more sustainable mobility in the MENA region.
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Arnheim-Dahlström, Lisen, Natalie Zarabi, Karin Hagen, and Goran Bencina. "Parental acceptance and knowledge of varicella vaccination in relation to socioeconomics in Sweden: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 21, 2021): e0256642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256642.
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Varicella infection is a highly contagious disease which, whilst mild in most cases, can cause severe complications. Varicella vaccination is available privately in Sweden and is currently being reviewed for inclusion in the Swedish Public Health Agency’s national immunisation program (NIP). A cross-sectional study of parents of Swedish children aged 1–8 years (n = 2212) was conducted to understand parental acceptance, beliefs and knowledge around varicella infection and vaccination. Respondents generally viewed varicella infection as a mild disease, with only a small proportion aware of potential severe complications. While 65% of respondents were aware of the vaccine, only 15% had started the course of vaccination as of February 2019. Further, 43% of parents did not intend to vaccinate, most commonly due to lack of inclusion in the NIP, but also due to perception of mild disease. Nevertheless, if offered within the NIP, 85% of parents would be highly likely to vaccinate their child. A number of statistically significant differences in awareness and behaviours were observed between sociodemographic subgroups. In general, women were more aware of vaccination (72%) compared to men (58%). Among unemployed or respondents with elementary school education, awareness was below 43%, and among respondents with high income the awareness was above 75%. Similarly, among unemployed or respondents with a low income the vaccination rate was as low as 30% compared with at least 57% among respondents with a high income. Respondents from metropolitan areas, those with university degrees and respondents with a higher income were more likely to be aware of the varicella vaccine and to have vaccinated their child. Whilst inclusion in the NIP is clearly the main driver for uptake, these identified knowledge gaps should inform educational efforts to ensure that all parents are informed of the availability and benefits of the varicella vaccine independent of socioeconomic status.
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Martín, Gerardo, Joseph J. Erinjery, Dileepa Ediriweera, H. Janaka de Silva, David G. Lalloo, Takuya Iwamura, and Kris A. Murray. "A mechanistic model of snakebite as a zoonosis: Envenoming incidence is driven by snake ecology, socioeconomics and its impacts on snakes." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): e0009867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009867.
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Snakebite is the only WHO-listed, not infectious neglected tropical disease (NTD), although its eco-epidemiology is similar to that of zoonotic infections: envenoming occurs after a vertebrate host contacts a human. Accordingly, snakebite risk represents the interaction between snake and human factors, but their quantification has been limited by data availability. Models of infectious disease transmission are instrumental for the mitigation of NTDs and zoonoses. Here, we represented snake-human interactions with disease transmission models to approximate geospatial estimates of snakebite incidence in Sri Lanka, a global hotspot. Snakebites and envenomings are described by the product of snake and human abundance, mirroring directly transmitted zoonoses. We found that human-snake contact rates vary according to land cover (surrogate of occupation and socioeconomic status), the impacts of humans and climate on snake abundance, and by snake species. Our findings show that modelling snakebite as zoonosis provides a mechanistic eco-epidemiological basis to understand snakebites, and the possible implications of global environmental and demographic change for the burden of snakebite.
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LUKMANJI, Z. "SAT-253 Socioeconomics and challenges of dietary counselling, compliance, intake, and nutrition status in hemodialysis patients in a resource limited setting - A Tanzanian Experience." Kidney International Reports 5, no. 3 (March 2020): S107—S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.269.
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COSTA, Ana Júlia Rosa Barcelos, and Sônia Lopes PINTO. "BINGE EATING DISORDER AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF CANDIDATES TO BARIATRIC SURGERY." ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 28, suppl 1 (2015): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-6720201500s100015.
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Background : Obesity decreases the quality of life, which is aggravated by the association of comorbidities, and the binge eating disorder is directly related to body image and predisposes to overweight. Aim: Evaluate association between the presence and the level of binge eating disorder and the quality of life of the obese candidates for bariatric surgery. Methods : Cross-sectional study analyzing anthropometric data (weight and height) and socioeconomics (age, sex, marital status, education and income). The application of Binge Eating Scale was held for diagnosis of Binge Eating Disorder and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-From Health Survey to assess the quality of life. Results : Total sample studied was 96 patients, mean age 38.15±9.6 years, 80.2% female, 67.7% married, 41% with complete and incomplete higher education, 77.1% with lower income or equal to four the minimum salary, 59.3% with grade III obesity. Binge eating disorder was observed in 44.2% of patients (29.9% moderate and 14.3% severe), and these had the worst scores in all domains of quality of life SF36 scale; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Only the nutritional status presented significant statistically association with the presence of binge eating disorder. Conclusion : High prevalence of patients with binge eating disorder was found and they presented the worst scores in all domains of quality of life.
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Masoumi, Houshmand, Atif Bilal Aslam, Irfan Ahmad Rana, Muhammad Ahmad, and Nida Naeem. "Relationship of Residential Location Choice with Commute Travels and Socioeconomics in the Small Towns of South Asia: The Case of Hafizabad, Pakistan." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063163.
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The existing literature of emerging markets fails to provide evidence to clarify if people choose their residential location based on commuting to work or other socioeconomic or household factors. The present paper seeks to provide such evidence in South Asia using the case study of a small city in Pakistan. This exploratory study was facilitated by primary data collected from 365 adults in Hafizabad, Pakistan, using face-to-face interviews in 2018. Two research questions were answered: (1) with what socioeconomic or mobility-related variables are the residential self-selections correlated? (2) how strong is the possible association of commuting to work to residential location choices compared to other factors, including social, economic, and family-related issues? The results of Chi-square tests and Proportional Reduction in Error analyses show that the three variables of neighborhood place, gender, and housing tenure type are associated with residential location choices. These findings are partly in line with studies on high-income countries, but gender and housing tenure are more specific to developing countries. Moreover, results of a Binary Logistic model show that marital status and house ownership of other household members define whether people choose their living place based on commuting rather than other socioeconomic and household issues. The finding of the latter variable contrasts with behaviors in high-income countries, whereas the former variable has some similarities. These findings highlight some contextual differences between house location selection in South Asia and other regions.
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Shoar, Saeed, Siamak Khavandi, Elsa Tabibzadeh, Aydin Vaez, Ali Khabbazi Oskouei, Armin Nehzati Maleki, and Nasrin Shoar. "1503. Risk Factors for Contracting Infection with SARS-CoV-2: a Prospective Case-control Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1684.
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Abstract Background As the COVID-19 pandemic has exhausted the healthcare system and economic infrastructures, controlling measures are directed toward population-based strategies including individual’s hygiene and safe socializing. We conducted this study to identify individual’s factors at the population level which are associated with the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a middle-to-low income country. Methods A prospective case-control study was conducted to compare the demographics, socioeconomics, and individual’s behavior between patients with COVID-19 and randomly selected healthy controls from the same population referring to a general hospital in northwest Iran. Results Data of 250 patients with a positive RT-PCR test for COVID-19 was compared with 250 healthy controls between March 1st and May 15th (Table1). Higher education, better socioeconomic status, having access to the internet or following relevant news, having an obsession for cleanliness especially regular hands washing with alcohol-based disinfectants, wearing masks in public especially those with an N-95 filter, complying with stay-home orders, and receiving the flu shot over the past season were protective against contracting COVID-19. On the contrary, cigarette smoking or opium consumption, a history of recent travel, having an individual with infection with SARS-CoV-2 within the household, and recent hospitalization were associated with COVID-19. Table1. Comparison of individual’s factors between COVID-19 positive and negative patients Conclusion Individuals’ characteristics at a family or public level can guide healthcare authorities and lawmakers in their ongoing endeavors toward controlling the COVID-19 pandemics, especially in low-to-middle income regions. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Rink, Bradley. "Race and the Micropolitics of Mobility." Transfers 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2016.060106.
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Th is article takes an autoethnographic approach in exploring the micropolitics of mobility with particular reference to race, class, and identity on one South African bus service. For his daily commute between an inner-city Cape Town suburb and a worksite near the metropolitan edge, the author explores personal, embodied, and political dimensions of mobility in a context where race continues to dictate the expected parameters of mobility practice. When socioeconomics might allow for private car ownership and use (and when timegeographies almost require it), the autoethnography at the heart of this article requires the author to question the politics of choosing not to drive; to be a public transport passeng er when one is expected to be a driver. In spite of the author’s intentional status in the member group of bus passengers, experience of six months of everyday bus use sheds light on hidden dimensions of mobility inequality. It contributes toward filling a gap in empirical evidence on contemporary bus passengering and the continuing role of race in contexts of visibly differentiated and differentiating everyday mobility.
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Megatsari, Hario, Dian Kusuma, Ernawaty Ernawaty, and Nuzulul K. Putri. "Geographic and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Delays in COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia." Vaccines 10, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111857.
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Background: Previous studies have provided evidence of inequalities in the coverage of COVID-19 vaccination. However, evidence of such inequalities in delays in vaccinations is lacking. Our study examined the socioeconomic and geographic disparities in terms of days to get the first and second dose of COVID-19 vaccinations in Indonesia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the WhatsApp messaging app and social media platforms during December 2021–February 2022. We distributed the questionnaire through our university network to reach all regions. We included 3592 adults aged 15+ years in our analysis. We used two main dependent variables: days to receive the first dose (after national vaccine rollout) and days to receive the second dose (after receiving the first dose). We examined a range of socioeconomic and geographic indicators, including education level, income level, formal employment, working in health facilities, being a health worker, and region. We controlled for sex, age, religion, and urbanicity. We performed multivariate logistic regressions in STATA 15. Results: Our findings show considerable delays in getting the first dose among participants (160.7 days or about 5.4 months on average) from Indonesia’s national COVID-19 vaccination rollout on 13 January 2021. However, we found a shorter period to receive the second dose after receiving the first dose (41.1 days on average). Moreover, we found significant socioeconomic (i.e., education, income, formal employment, working in health facilities, and being a health worker) and geographic (i.e., in and out of the Java region) inequalities in terms of delays in getting the first dose. However, we did not find significant inequalities in getting the second dose for most inequality indicators, except for working in health facilities. By region, we found that participants living in more deprived areas (out of the Java region) received the second dose 4.9 days earlier. One of the study’s key limitations is that there may be an inherent bias with respect to socioeconomics factors since it was conducted online (web-based). Conclusions: While there were considerable delays in getting the first dose, especially among those of a lower socioeconomic status and those in more deprived areas, the waiting time for the second dose was relatively similar for everyone once they were in the system. Effective efforts to address inequalities are essential to ensuring the effectiveness of the national COVID-19 vaccination rollout.
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Ayuk-Arrey, Arrey-Takor, Isha Darbari, Allistair Abraham, and Robert Sheppard Nickel. "HLA Typing Status of Hospitalized Pediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Impact of Socioeconomics and an Initiative to Offer Typing to All Patients with Siblings." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153807.
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Abstract Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) using an HLA-identical sibling donor is a well-established cure for sickle cell disease (SCD). Historically, HSCT was only offered to patients with SCD who had suffered severe complications; however, given improved HSCT outcomes, it is now reasonable to consider HSCT for most patients with SCD who have an HLA-identical sibling. Thus, HLA typing of all full siblings of patients with SCD should be a clinical priority to ensure patients are aware of and have access to this therapeutic option. The primary objectives of this study are to describe the baseline prevalence of HLA typing among a cohort of hospitalized pediatric patients with SCD and to evaluate whether having had HLA typing is associated with certain characteristics. Secondarily, the study describes the acceptability of HLA typing among patients with a healthy (non-SCD) full sibling who had not already had HLA typing at baseline after dedicated outreach to these families. Methods: Between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020 a REDCap database of all hospitalized patients with SCD was prospectively maintained. Patient demographic and clinical information was abstracted via retrospective chart review. To evaluate socioeconomic status, a neighborhood area deprivation index (ADI) was determined for each patient using their home address and the Neighborhood Atlas website (https://www.neighborhoodatlas.medicine.wisc.edu/). ADI is a validated ranking (0-100) of Census Block Groups, considering income, education, employment, and housing quality. A higher ADI represents greater socioeconomic disadvantage. As part of a clinical outreach initiative, patients' families who had not already had typing at the time of their hospitalization were contacted to determine if the patient has a healthy full sibling and, if applicable, offer sibling HLA typing. This outreach was originally planned to occur in person at the time of hospitalization or clinic follow-up, but due the COVID-19 pandemic it was paused and when resumed conducted mostly via telephone. Results: During the 52-week study period, 291 patients with SCD were hospitalized at the study pediatric institution. Seventy-one patients (24%) had already completed HLA typing at the time of their first hospitalization during the study period. These patients with HLA typing at baseline were significantly more likely to have a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia (HbSS/HbSβ 0 genotype) and be on disease-modifying therapy (hydroxyurea or chronic transfusion) compared to patients without typing at baseline (Table). Age and sex were not significantly different between patients with and without typing (Table). The group of patients who did not have HLA typing at baseline had a significantly greater ADI (mean 29.7 vs. 24.0, p=.008) and proportion of patients with a high disadvantage ADI score ≥40 (23% vs. 10%, p=.02), Figure. Of the 220 patients with no history of HLA typing, the sibling status of 187 patients was determined via outreach to these families as of July 2021. Among these 187 patients, 81 (43%) reported having a healthy full sibling. Among these 81 patients with siblings, after being offered family HLA typing, 42 (52%) were interested and referred for HLA typing, 29 (36%) were undecided, and 10 (12%) declined typing. Conclusion: Hospitalized pediatric patients with SCD who had already been HLA typed were more likely to have a severe SCD genotype and be on disease-modifying therapy as expected. Patients who had not had HLA typing were more likely to live in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhood. This finding suggests that dedicated outreach to all families regarding HLA typing is needed. Our clinical initiative to offer typing to all hospitalized patients with healthy full siblings was feasible, with a majority of families interested in pursuing HLA typing. Continued work is needed to ensure patients with SCD have equal access to curative therapy regardless of socioeconomic status. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Watania, Lani Natalia, and Yakobus Siswadi. "RELATIONSHIP OF AGING AND DEPRESSION LEVEL OF OLDER PEOPLE IN BANTEN: A COMPARISON STUDY." Nursing Current: Jurnal Keperawatan 6, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/nc.v6i2.1859.
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<p>Population of elderly worldwide is growing rapidly include ing in Indonesia. This triggers increased health issues such as depression. But, the literature is lacking on more evidence on age as the risk factors of elderly depression. Hence the study aimed to investigate age as one of the risk factors for elderly depression. The purpose of this study was to compare depression levels between two life-stage subgroups: young-old (65-74 years old) and old-old (75-84 years old) group at nursing home in Banten area. This was a quantitative study with comparative cross-sectional design, which included a total of 40 elderly respondents. Data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test The study results showed that there was no significant difference on depression level between the two life-stage subgroups (p-value= 0.381).One possible factors which effected the study results may be protective factors such as family supports, socioeconomics status, engeagement in social activities and religious or spiritula involvement. The further research needed to explore more on the risk factors and protective factors related to elderly depression.</p>
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Norris, Keith C., George A. Mensah, L. Ebony Boulware, Jun L. Lu, Jennie Z. Ma, Elani Streja, Miklos Z. Molnar, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, and Csaba P. Kovesdy. "Age, Race and Cardiovascular Outcomes in African American Veterans." Ethnicity & Disease 26, no. 3 (July 20, 2016): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.26.3.305.
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<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the general population, compared wtih their White peers, African Americans suffer premature all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) deaths, attributed in part to reduced access to care and lower socioeconomic status. Prior reports indicated younger (aged 35 to 44 years) African Americans had a signficantly greater age-adjusted risk of death. Recent studies suggest that in a more egalitarian health care structure than typical United States (US) health care structures, African Americans may have similar or even better CV outcomes, but the impact of age is less well-known. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined age stratified all-cause mortality, and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke in 3,072,966 patients (547,441 African American and 2,525,525 White) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)>60 mL/min/1.73m2 receiving care from the US Veterans Health Administration. Outcomes were examined in Cox models adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, kidney function, blood pressure, socioeconomics and indicators of the quality of health care delivery. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>African Americans had an overall 30% lower all-cause mortality (P<.001) and 29% lower incidence of CHD (P<.001) and higher incidence of ischemic stroke (aHR, 95%CI: 1.16, 1.13-1.18, P<.001). The lower rates of mortality and CHD were strongest in younger African Americans and attenuated across patients aged <span style="text-decoration: underline;">></span>70 years. Stroke rates did not differ by race in persons aged <70 years. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among patients with normal eGFR and receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration, younger African Americans had lower all-cause mortality and incidence of CHD and similar rates of stroke, independent of demographic, comorbidity and socioeconomic differences. The lower all-cause mortality persisted but attenuated with increasing age and the lower incidence of CHD ended at aged ≥80 years. The higher incidence of ischemic stroke in African Americans was driven by increasing risk in patients aged ≥70 years suggesting that the improved cardiovascular outcomes were most dramatic for younger African Americans. <em>Ethn Dis. </em>2016;26(3):305-314; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.305 </p>
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Bardosh, Kevin, Alex de Figueiredo, Rachel Gur-Arie, Euzebiusz Jamrozik, James Doidge, Trudo Lemmens, Salmaan Keshavjee, Janice E. Graham, and Stefan Baral. "The unintended consequences of COVID-19 vaccine policy: why mandates, passports and restrictions may cause more harm than good." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 5 (May 2022): e008684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008684.
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Vaccination policies have shifted dramatically during COVID-19 with the rapid emergence of population-wide vaccine mandates, domestic vaccine passports and differential restrictions based on vaccination status. While these policies have prompted ethical, scientific, practical, legal and political debate, there has been limited evaluation of their potential unintended consequences. Here, we outline a comprehensive set of hypotheses for why these policies may ultimately be counterproductive and harmful. Our framework considers four domains: (1) behavioural psychology, (2) politics and law, (3) socioeconomics, and (4) the integrity of science and public health. While current vaccines appear to have had a significant impact on decreasing COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality burdens, we argue that current mandatory vaccine policies are scientifically questionable and are likely to cause more societal harm than good. Restricting people’s access to work, education, public transport and social life based on COVID-19 vaccination status impinges on human rights, promotes stigma and social polarisation, and adversely affects health and well-being. Current policies may lead to a widening of health and economic inequalities, detrimental long-term impacts on trust in government and scientific institutions, and reduce the uptake of future public health measures, including COVID-19 vaccines as well as routine immunisations. Mandating vaccination is one of the most powerful interventions in public health and should be used sparingly and carefully to uphold ethical norms and trust in institutions. We argue that current COVID-19 vaccine policies should be re-evaluated in light of the negative consequences that we outline. Leveraging empowering strategies based on trust and public consultation, and improving healthcare services and infrastructure, represent a more sustainable approach to optimising COVID-19 vaccination programmes and, more broadly, the health and well-being of the public.
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Favato, Deivid Dener Pereira Coelho, and Márcio Roberto Toledo. "Federalismo, emancipação e dependência de municípios: uma análise da cidade de Santa Cruz de Minas-MG / Federalism, emancipation and dependence of municipalities: an analysis of Santa Cruz de Minas city-MG." Caderno de Geografia 27, no. 48 (January 16, 2017): 184–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2017v27n48p184.
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O presente artigo trata da questão da forma federalista de organização do Estado Brasileiro e suas implicações na organização político-econômica em território nacional. Uma das possibilidades que apresenta esta forma de estado é a da autonomia de seus entes federados, a nível municipal. Em âmbito municipal esta consideração resulta em processos de emancipação de distritos, com vistas a adquirir o status de município autônomo. Entretanto a emancipação sem critérios adequados de avaliação socioeconômica dos distritos envolvidos acaba por gerar municípios pequenos, muitos abaixo de 10 mil habitantes e “dependentes” de repasses do governo para sanarem suas contas públicas. Este artigo articula este debate e apresenta um breve estudo de caso sobre a dependência de repasses do governo da cidade de Santa Cruz de Minas, que emancipou-se recentemente da cidade de Tiradentes e curiosamente recebe o título de a menor cidade do Brasil em extensão territorial.Palavras-chave: federalismo, emancipação, autonomia, dependência municipal, Santa Cruz de Minas.AbstractThis present article discusses the issue of federalism form of the Brazilian State organization and its implications in the political-economic organization in national territory. One of some possibilities that this form of state shows is the autonomy of its federal entities, in municipal level. In municipal field this concern results in emancipation district process, aspiring to acquire the autonomous municipality status. However the emancipation process without appropriate socioeconomics analysis criteria of the involved districts results in creation of small towns, many below 10 thousand inhabitants and “dependent” of government transfers to remedy its public accounts. This article articulates this debate and presents a short case study about the government transfers dependency of the city of Santa Cruz de Minas, that it’s emancipated recently to the city of Tiradentes and curiously receives the title of the smallest city of Brazil in territorial extension.Keywords: federalism, emancipation, autonomy, municipal dependence, Santa Cruz de Minas
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Gao, Yang. "How the Belt and Road Initiative Informs Language Planning Policies in China and among the Countries along the Road." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 5506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145506.
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Given that the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has penetrated most, if not all, fields in China and the countries along the road, this paper attempts to join the existing literature by providing a unique perspective (language planning) to understand the BRI and its impacts. The article presents the way in which the BRI has informed language planning policies among China and approximately 65 countries along the road. From an ecological standpoint, it proposes how BRI language planning aims at promoting and constructing a language-and-discourse ecosystem. Taking an interpretive policy analysis method, it analyzes policy documents and the existing literature by elaborating upon the planners, purposes and principles involved in designing the language planning initiative. Specifically, different ministries, departments and committees have worked together to propose a systemic, sustainable language plan for BRI; BRI language planning then serves communication, discourse power, global governance and socioeconomics purposes. Under the overarching ecosystem planning, specific planning principles, including Chinese language status planning, foreign language planning, language structure planning, language-in-education planning and language service planning, co-evolve to sustain the system. Instead of simply depicting the language-and-discourse ecosystem, this article also discusses challenges that BRI language planning initiative might meet along the way of its implementation, including the avoidance of making language unity the same as language imperialism, and continued efforts to balance language internationalization and language localization.
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Intarut, Nirun, and Piyalak Pukdeesamai. "The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure and related factors among schoolchildren in Northeast Thailand." F1000Research 9 (September 21, 2020): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26039.1.
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Background: The prevalence of tobacco consumption in Thailand has gradually declined; however, the prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is still high. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of SHS exposure and examine the association between exposure to SHS and depressive symptoms among schoolchildren, and test for moderation by the number of smokers in household. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1105 schoolchildren. Socioeconomics factors, depressive symptoms and exposure to SHS variables were collected. We used the chi-square test for testing the factors associated to SHS exposure. In addition, we used the Mantel Haenszel test for testing interaction effect of depression to SHS exposure by the number of smokers in home. Multiple logistic regression was used to test the factors related to SHS exposure adjusted for confounders. Results: The prevalence of exposure to SHS was 58.2% (95%CI: 55.2, 61.1). The schoolchildren with abnormal depression status were 1.8 times more likely to have been exposed to SHS (95%CI: 1.3, 2.5). In addition, the number of smokers in the home did not modify the association between exposure to SHS and depressive symptoms (P: 0.964). Conclusions: An association between exposure to SHS and depressive in schoolchildren was observed, but this relationship was not affected by the number of smokers in children’s homes.
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Hamzah, Imam Faisal, and Subandi Subandi. "THE ILLNESS EXPERIENCE IN HYPERTENSION PATIENTS WITH LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS." Jurnal Psikologi 19, no. 4 (November 22, 2020): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jp.19.4.357-372.
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Hypertension is one type of disease that is usually experienced by adults, where arteries have excessive pressure, which is above 140 mm Hg for systolic and diastolic 90 mm Hg. Hypertension is not only a physical experience, but also needs to be understood as a psychological and social experience. Health is a social problem because it is related to how a person finances his health and access appropriate health facilities. The purpose of this study was to obtain psychosocial dynamics in the experience of hypertension in patients with low socioeconomic status. This study used a qualitative method with an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach through semi-structured interviews. Three participants involved were female, aged 30 to 45 years, and had more than one year suffered from hypertension. This study found six superordinate themes that focused on perceptions of causes, perceptions of hypertension, unpleasant feeling, social resources, improvement efforts, and health development.