Relevant bibliographies by topics / Socioeconomic health gradient

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Socioeconomic health gradient'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Socioeconomic health gradient"

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Poulton, Richie, and Avshalom Caspi. "Commentary: Personality and the socioeconomic–health gradient." International Journal of Epidemiology 32, no. 6 (December 2003): 975–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyg236.

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Allin, Sara, and Mark Stabile. "Socioeconomic status and child health: what is the role of health care, health conditions, injuries and maternal health?" Health Economics, Policy and Law 7, no. 2 (January 26, 2012): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174413311100034x.

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AbstractThere is a persistent relationship between socioeconomic status and health that appears to have its roots in childhood. Not only do children in families with lower income and with mothers with lower levels of education have worse health on average than those with greater socioeconomic advantage, but also the gradient appears to steepen with age. This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between socioeconomic status and child health by testing the hypothesis that the increasing effect of family income on children's health with age relates to the children's use of health care services. It also investigates the role of specific health conditions, injuries or maternal health in explaining the steepening gradient. Drawing on a nationally representative survey from Canada, the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth from the period 1994/95–2008/09, this study provides further evidence of a steepening socioeconomic gradient in child health with age. It finds that accounting for health care use does not explain the steepening gradient and that the protective effect of income appears to be greater for those who had contact with the health system, in particular with regard to physician care and prescription drug use.
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Akkoyun-Farinez, Julie, Abdou Y. Omorou, Johanne Langlois, Elisabeth Spitz, Philip Böhme, Marie-Hélène Quinet, Laura Saez, et al. "Measuring adolescents’ weight socioeconomic gradient using parental socioeconomic position." European Journal of Public Health 28, no. 6 (April 13, 2018): 1097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky064.

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De Vogli, Roberto, David Gimeno, Gianni Martini, and Diego Conforti. "The pervasiveness of the socioeconomic gradient of health." European Journal of Epidemiology 22, no. 2 (February 2007): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-006-9097-7.

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O’Brien, Kymberlee M. "Healthy, wealthy, wise? Psychosocial factors influencing the socioeconomic status–health gradient." Journal of Health Psychology 17, no. 8 (February 7, 2012): 1142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105311433345.

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Adler, Nancy E., Thomas Boyce, Margaret A. Chesney, Sheldon Cohen, Susan Folkman, Robert L. Kahn, and S. Leonard Syme. "Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient." American Psychologist 49, no. 1 (1994): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.49.1.15.

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Tanguay-Sabourin, Christophe. "Examining chronic pain through the lens of the socioeconomic gradient." Health Science Inquiry 11, no. 1 (August 10, 2020): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/hsi300.

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Longstanding evidence reveals the existence of a gradient of health running along the socioeconomic spectrum. This is denoted by a graded association between health and levels of socioeconomic status, including factors such as gender, income, education, and occupational roles. This gradient is found across many chronic diseases including heart failure, arthritis, type 2 diabetes, ulcers, and certain cancers, all of which commonly possess debilitating pain diagnoses. Here, I examine chronic pain and its severity through the lens of this socioeconomic gradient across three perspectives along with their potential limitations. First, I discuss how this gradient represents risk factors for greater pain severity, disability, and comorbidity. Then, I explore potential underlying health determinants and how one’s position on this spectrum may predetermine their chance of receiving optimal care for their pain. Finally, I end with the prospect of better clinical and biological understanding of chronic pain severity with the inclusion of this socioeconomic gradient.
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Bonaccio, Marialaura, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Giovanni de Gaetano, and Licia Iacoviello. "Socioeconomic gradient in health: mind the gap in ‘invisible’ disparities." Annals of Translational Medicine 8, no. 18 (September 2020): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.04.46.

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Mensah, George A. "Socioeconomic Status and Heart Health—Time to Tackle the Gradient." JAMA Cardiology 5, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1471.

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Jones, Andrew M., and Stefanie Schurer. "How does heterogeneity shape the socioeconomic gradient in health satisfaction?" Journal of Applied Econometrics 26, no. 4 (December 14, 2009): 549–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jae.1134.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Socioeconomic health gradient"

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Mossakowski, Krysia N. "The socioeconomic gradient in mental health exploring the transition to adulthood /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3178478.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2005.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-06, Section: A, page: 2392. Adviser: Jane D. McLeod. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Nov. 28, 2006)."
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Schultz, Susan E. "An exploration of the socioeconomic status--health status gradient in Ontario, results from the 1990 and 1996 Ontario health surveys." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58756.pdf.

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Bhatta, Tirth. "Sociohistorical Changes in the Education–Health Gradient: A Five-Cohort Comparative Study of Black and White US Adults." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1499191304195011.

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Chirico, Willstedt Gabriella. "Demand, Competition and Redistribution in Swedish Dental Care." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267476.

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Essay 1: Individuals with higher socioeconomic status (SES) also tend to enjoy better health. Evidence from the economics literature suggests that a potential mechanism behind this “social health gradient” is that human capabilities, that form SES, also facilitate health-promoting behaviors. This essay empirically investigates the significance of socioeconomic differences in health behaviors, using dental care consumption as an operationalization of health investments. I focus on adults at an age where lifetime trajectories for SES can be taken as given and use lifetime income to capture SES. I estimate the impact of lifetime income on dental care consumption and find robust evidence that the social gradient in dental care consumption steepens dramatically over the life-cycle. Considering that dental care consumption only reflects a small part of individuals' health investments the results suggest that lifetime effects of SES on health behaviors could be substantial in other dimensions. Essay 2: This essay studies the effect of competition on prices on a health care market where prices are market determined, namely the Swedish market for dental care. The empirical strategy exploits that the effect of competition differs across services, depending on the characteristics of the service. Price competition is theoretically more intense for services such as examinations and diagnostics (first-stage services), compared to more complicated and unusual treatments (follow-on services). By exploiting this difference, I identify a relative effect of competition on prices. The results suggest small but statistically significant negative short-term effects on prices for first-stage services relative to follow-on services. The results provide evidence that price-setting among dental care clinics responds to changes in the market environment and substantial effects of competition on prices over time cannot be ruled out. Essay 3: The Swedish dental care insurance subsidizes dental care costs above a threshold and becomes more generous as dental care consumption increases. On average, higher-income individuals consume more dental care and have better oral health than low-income individuals. Therefore, the redistributional effects of the Swedish dental care insurance are ambiguous a priori. I find that the dental care insurance adds to the progressive redistribution taking place through other parts of the Swedish social insurance (SI) for individuals aged 35-59 years whereas it reduces the progressivity in the SI for those aged 60-89 years. While the result for the oldest individuals is problematic from an equity point of view, the insurance seems to strengthen the progressitivy of the Swedish social insurance for the vast majority of patients.
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Meriläinen, Catarina. "Självskattad hälsa hos kvinnor i Västmanland : Kvantitativ studie om samband mellan självskattad hälsa och utbildningsnivå, ålder, socialt stöd, ekonomisk situation respektive sysselsättning." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35549.

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Bakgrund: Flertalet studier har påvisat förekomsten av skillnader i hälsa mellan olika sociala grupper i samhället. De tidigare studierna visar att det finns olika förhållanden mellan utbildningsnivå, ålder, socioekonomisk status, socialt stöd respektive kön och den självskattade hälsan. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka den självskattade hälsan hos kvinnor med olika utbildningsnivåer i Västmanlands län, beskriva åldersskillnader samt om det finns några samband mellan självskattad hälsa och socialt stöd, ekonomisk situation och sysselsättning. Metod: Metoden utgår från en kvantitativ ansats där befintlig data från befolkningsundersökningen Hälsa på lika villkor 2012 i Västmanland har använts till analys. Resultat: Resultatet visar att det förekommer signifikanta skillnader i självskattad hälsa hos kvinnor i Västmanland med olika utbildningsnivåer, åldrar, socialt stöd, ekonomisk situation och sysselsättning. Det finns samband mellan dålig självskattad hälsa och förgymnasial- och gymnasial utbildningsnivå, ålder (50-64 år), bristande socialt stöd, ekonomiska svårigheter respektive sjukskrivning/ förtidspension samt arbetslöshet. Slutsats: Samband har identifierats mellan självskattad hälsa och utbildningsnivå samt mellan självskattad hälsa och faktorerna ålder, socialt stöd, ekonomisk situation och sysselsättning. Däremot visar studien att skillnaderna i självskattad hälsa mellan utbildningsnivåerna bland kvinnor i Västmanland med större sannolikhet beror på åldersskillnader, skillnader i socialt stöd, ekonomiska svårigheter och sysselsättning än enbart på grund av utbildningsnivån.
Background: Several studies have demonstrated the existence of differences in health between social groups. The previous studies show that there are different relationships between educational level, age, socioeconomic status, social support, sex, and self-rated health. Aims: The aim of this study is to examine differences in self-assessed health among women with different educational levels in Västmanland, describe age differences and study whether there is any associations between self-assessed health and social support, economic situation and employment. Method: This method is based on a quantitative approach where existing data from the population health survey ”Health on equal terms 2012” in Västmanland is used for analysis. Results: The results show that there are significant differences in self-rated health among women in Västmanland with different levels of education, age, social support, financial situation and employment. There is also associations between poor self-rated health and lower educational levels, age (50-64 years), lack of social support, financial hardship and sickness/ disability and unemployment. Conclusion: Correlations have been identified between self-rated health and level of education as well as between self-rated health and age, social support, financial situation and employment. However, the study shows that the differences in self-rated health between educational levels among women in Västmanland more likely due to age differences, differences in social support, financial difficulties and employment than simply because of the level of education.
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Macleod, John Andrew Arthur. "Psychological stress, lifestyle and socioeconomic gradients in coronary heart disease, mortality and morbidity." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273744.

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Lucas, Robyn. "Socioeconomic status and health: exploring biological pathways." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/47690.

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The cross-sectional Biomarkers Study was undertaken in Canberra, Australia (2000-2002) to examine the role of psychosocial factors in the socioeconomic health gradient, via physiological changes consequent upon activation of the neuroendocrine stress response.¶ The study population was derived from healthy 40-44 year old men and women already participating in a longitudinal cohort study. Using data from the cohort study, four groups with similar occupational status were formed. The study sample was randomly selected within these groups, thus representing the socioeconomic spectrum.¶ A pilot study involved 60 participants with blood and saliva samples measured on two occasions. A further 302 people had blood and saliva samples taken on one occasion. Socioeconomic status was measured by occupational code and status, personal and household income, education and perceived position in the community and in Australia. Psychosocial and behavioural factors, including job strain, job security, coping style, anxiety, depression, optimism, self-esteem, sense of belonging and trust, social support, smoking, exercise and alcohol intake were assessed by selfreport. Five biological parameters: plasma fibrinogen, glycated haemoglobin, waisthip ratio, serum neopterin and salivary IgA were measured as outcome variables.Three hypotheses were tested:¶ 1. There is a socioeconomic gradient in measures of psychosocial stress, and of psychological resilience.¶ 2. There is a socioeconomic gradient in biological measures that have a plausible association with future disease. ¶ 3. Psychosocial factors mediate the demonstrated association between socioeconomic status and the biological measures.¶ ... ¶ In this sample of healthy 40-44 year olds, four out of five biological markers showed moderate socioeconomic variation with a more favourable profile associated with higher SES. The data provide limited support for the importance of psychosocial factors in the socioeconomic health gradient.
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Zutshi, Aparajita. "Socioeconomic status and the management of chronic conditions: Implications for the socioeconomic gradient in health /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3301260.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0704. Adviser: Darren H. Lubotsky. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-125) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Hiebert, Brett. "Familial aggregation of childhood health and the socioeconomic gradient of disease: a longitudinal population-based sibling analysis." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4884.

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This study explores the relationships that emerge between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of several health outcomes in children of different ages utilizing administrative data housed at The Manitoba Centre for Health Policy (MCHP). This research also determines the effect that family has on a child developing (or not developing) a specific health outcome. Finally, the relationship between prevalence and familial aggregation are examined. The Johns Hopkins ACG(r) Case-Mix System grouped various physician and hospital diagnosis codes into 32 Aggregated Diagnostic Groups (ADGs). Eight of these ADGs were assessed at four age groups (0-3, 4-8, 9-13 & 14-18) for each member of the final study population. Each member was assigned to one of six SES groups, five income quintile groups and one social assistance group. Familial aggregation was determined for eight selected ADGs using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Statistical contrasts were made for SA vs. Q1-Q5 and an overall linear trend (SA – lowest; Q5 – highest) to establish the SES differences for the prevalence and familial aggregation of a particular condition. Many of the conditions across SES had statistically significant (p<0.05) linear and SA vs. Q1-Q5 contrasts for 3 both ICCs and prevalence at all age groups. Of the eight ADGs that familial aggregation was calculated, chronic conditions related to the eye had the highest ICCs at all age groups. Injury ADGs had consistently lower ICCs for all age groups. Factors that affected the results of ICC estimation for binary outcomes include the number of bootstrap selections, the width of the age group and the event rate for the outcome of interest. Suggested future research includes a validity review of ICC estimates for binary outcomes, exploring the variables that may reduce or eliminate the SES gradient for ICCs and exploring the aggregation for different study samples within Manitoba.
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Yallop, Lauren P. "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Manitoba young adults: a population-based study." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18334.

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The understanding that Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) commonly persists into adulthood has not been widely accepted until recently. Accordingly, less is known about diagnostic and treatment prevalence or health and social outcomes of ADHD in adulthood. The objectives of this study were to: determine lifetime prevalence of ADHD diagnosis and treatment for Manitoba young adults, investigate whether a socioeconomic gradient exists within Manitoba young adults with a lifetime diagnosis of ADHD, and investigate the relationship between ADHD in Manitoba young adults and health service utilization. Using the Manitoba Population Health Research Data Repository, this cross-sectional analysis used 24 years of data (1984/85-2008/09) and included all Manitoba adults aged 18-29 during 2007/08-2008/09 with a lifetime diagnosis of ADHD. Crude prevalence was calculated for ADHD diagnosis and psychostimulant prescriptions, in addition to several demographic variables. The presence of a socioeconomic gradient in lifetime ADHD diagnosis was investigated using Poisson and negative binomial regression. Relationships between young adults with lifetime ADHD diagnosis and health service utilization for several health and social outcome variables were explored using a matched cohort design with two comparison groups and GEE regression models. In relation to previous Manitoba research on childhood ADHD, the socioeconomic gradient for ADHD diagnosis was found to dissipate into young adulthood. However, when region of residence was accounted for, a small inverse gradient in the urban population and a direct gradient in the rural population were evident. Individuals from the highest income quintile were significantly less likely to be diagnosed before age 18 than all other income quintiles. Depression, anxiety, personality disorders, conduct disorder, substance abuse, multiple types of injuries, receipt of income assistance, and reduced high school graduation were significantly correlated with lifetime ADHD diagnosis. Given the high lifetime prevalence of ADHD in Manitoba young adults, significant socioeconomic correlates for diagnosis, and multitude of adverse health and social outcomes in this population, further investigation into the trajectory of this relatively unexplored population is recommended. Furthermore, continued measurement of the provision and success of additional resources will ultimately be necessary for enhancing the health status of all Canadian adults living with ADHD.
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Books on the topic "Socioeconomic health gradient"

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Macleod, John Andrew Arthur. Psychological stress, lifestyle and socioeconomic gradients in coronary hearth disease mortality and morbidity. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2003.

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1960-, Jones Andrew M., and Schurer Stefanie, eds. How does heterogeneity shape the socioeconomic gradient in health satisfaction? Bochum: Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2007.

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An exploration of the socioeconomic status--health status gradient in Ontario: Results from the 1990 and 1996 Ontario Health Surveys. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2001.

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Kroenke, Candyce, and Ichiro Kawachi. Socioeconomic Disparities in Cancer Incidence and Mortality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0009.

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The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cancer is complex, dynamic, and evolving. Associations depend on SES measures, cancer type, sociodemographic factors including race/ethnicity, and historical trends. However, socioeconomic disadvantage is often associated with a higher risk of cancer, particularly cancers diagnosed at a late stage, as well as worse prognosis once diagnosed. Research on secular trends over the past 70 years has shown reversals of the socioeconomic gradient for lung and colorectal cancer consistent with differential trends by SES in patterns of smoking, diet, and obesity. Rates of these cancers are now currently higher in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. SES is considered to be a “fundamental” determinant of health outcomes, and this appears true throughout the cancer spectrum—from cancer incidence to detection, treatment, and survival. Investigations over the past decade have increasingly considered the simultaneous impact of individual SES and area-level SES (as a contextual influence) on health outcomes.
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Olsen, Jan Abel. The social environment and health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0007.

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This chapter explores three main issues related to the analyses of the social gradient in health: correlations, causations, and interventions. Observed correlations between indicators of socioeconomic position and health do not imply that there are causations. The usefulness of various indicators is discussed, such as education, income, occupation categories, and social class. A causal pathway is presented that suggests a chain from early life circumstances, via education, occupation, income, and perceived status onto health. The chapter ends with a discussion of various policy options to reduce inequalities in health that are caused by social determinants.
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Goswami, B. N., and Soumi Chakravorty. Dynamics of the Indian Summer Monsoon Climate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.613.

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Lifeline for about one-sixth of the world’s population in the subcontinent, the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is an integral part of the annual cycle of the winds (reversal of winds with seasons), coupled with a strong annual cycle of precipitation (wet summer and dry winter). For over a century, high socioeconomic impacts of ISM rainfall (ISMR) in the region have driven scientists to attempt to predict the year-to-year variations of ISM rainfall. A remarkably stable phenomenon, making its appearance every year without fail, the ISM climate exhibits a rather small year-to-year variation (the standard deviation of the seasonal mean being 10% of the long-term mean), but it has proven to be an extremely challenging system to predict. Even the most skillful, sophisticated models are barely useful with skill significantly below the potential limit on predictability. Understanding what drives the mean ISM climate and its variability on different timescales is, therefore, critical to advancing skills in predicting the monsoon. A conceptual ISM model helps explain what maintains not only the mean ISM but also its variability on interannual and longer timescales.The annual ISM precipitation cycle can be described as a manifestation of the seasonal migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) or the zonally oriented cloud (rain) band characterized by a sudden “onset.” The other important feature of ISM is the deep overturning meridional (regional Hadley circulation) that is associated with it, driven primarily by the latent heat release associated with the ISM (ITCZ) precipitation. The dynamics of the monsoon climate, therefore, is an extension of the dynamics of the ITCZ. The classical land–sea surface temperature gradient model of ISM may explain the seasonal reversal of the surface winds, but it fails to explain the onset and the deep vertical structure of the ISM circulation. While the surface temperature over land cools after the onset, reversing the north–south surface temperature gradient and making it inadequate to sustain the monsoon after onset, it is the tropospheric temperature gradient that becomes positive at the time of onset and remains strongly positive thereafter, maintaining the monsoon. The change in sign of the tropospheric temperature (TT) gradient is dynamically responsible for a symmetric instability, leading to the onset and subsequent northward progression of the ITCZ. The unified ISM model in terms of the TT gradient provides a platform to understand the drivers of ISM variability by identifying processes that affect TT in the north and the south and influence the gradient.The predictability of the seasonal mean ISM is limited by interactions of the annual cycle and higher frequency monsoon variability within the season. The monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) has a seminal role in influencing the seasonal mean and its interannual variability. While ISM climate on long timescales (e.g., multimillennium) largely follows the solar forcing, on shorter timescales the ISM variability is governed by the internal dynamics arising from ocean–atmosphere–land interactions, regional as well as remote, together with teleconnections with other climate modes. Also important is the role of anthropogenic forcing, such as the greenhouse gases and aerosols versus the natural multidecadal variability in the context of the recent six-decade long decreasing trend of ISM rainfall.
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O’Mahony, Constantinos. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevention of sudden cardiac death. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0354.

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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) secondary to ventricular arrhythmias is the most common mode of death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and can be effectively prevented with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The risk of SCD in HCM relates to the severity of the phenotype and regular risk stratification is an integral part of routine clinical care. For the primary prevention of SCD, risk stratification involves the assessment of seven readily available clinical parameters (age, maximal left ventricular wall thickness, left atrial diameter, left ventricular outflow tract gradient, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, unexplained syncope, and family history of SCD) which are used to estimate the risk of SCD within 5 years of clinical evaluation using a statistical risk prediction model (HCM Risk-SCD). The 2014 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines provide a framework to aid clinical decisions and consider patients with a 5-year risk of SCD of less than 4% as low risk and recommend regular assessment while those with a risk of 6% or higher should be considered for an ICD. In patients with an intermediate risk (4% to <6%) ICD implantation may also be considered after taking into account age, co-morbid conditions, socioeconomic factors, and the psychological impact of therapy. Survivors of ventricular fibrillation arrest should receive an ICD for secondary prevention unless their life expectancy is less than 1 year. Following device implantation, patients should be followed up for device- and disease-related complications, particularly heart failure and cerebrovascular disease.
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Book chapters on the topic "Socioeconomic health gradient"

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Garriga, Anna, Jani Turunen, and Laura Bernardi. "The Socioeconomic Gradient of Shared Physical Custody in Two Welfare States: Comparison Between Spain and Sweden." In European Studies of Population, 181–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68479-2_9.

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AbstractThis study contributes to the emerging literature on the diffusion of SPC across social strata, by comparing two national contexts, Sweden and Spain, with different prevalence rates of SPC and with diverging social and gender policies in the early XXI century. We draw on the 2006 and 2014 comparative cross-sectional data from the Spanish and Swedish Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC), to test two competitive hypotheses (diffusion and diverging destinies hypotheses) on the association of parental socioeconomic status, children’s living arrangements in separated families and their relative prevalence in a populaiton. We also examine whether such association is modified by the great increase in SPC in both countries between 2006 and 2014. We present empirical evidence that, independently from the context, SPC arrangements are more frequent among parents with higher socioeconomic status and sole-custody arrangements among other parents; however, social inequality in post-separation arrangements differ in the two countries over time. In Spain, we find evidence in favour of the diffusion hypothesis with increases in the prevalence of SPC going hand in hand with the diffusion of SPC across social strata. By contrast, the Swedish data support the diverging destinies hypothesis with increases in SPC producing no variation in its social stratification over time.
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Riosmena, Fernando, and Jeff A. Dennis. "A Tale of Three Paradoxes: The Weak Socioeconomic Gradients in Health Among Hispanic Immigrants and Their Relation to the Hispanic Health Paradox and Negative Acculturation." In Aging, Health, and Longevity in the Mexican-Origin Population, 95–110. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1867-2_8.

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"Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Challenge of the Gradient." In Foundations in Social Neuroscience. The MIT Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3077.003.0077.

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Daly, Blánaid, Paul Batchelor, Elizabeth Treasure, and Richard Watt. "Prevention of periodontal diseases." In Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0019.

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During the last 20 years our understanding of periodontal disease has been dramatically changed. Findings from clinical and epidemiological research have challenged the traditional progressive disease model and questioned the extent of destructive periodontal diseases within the population (Baleum and Lopez 2003; Petersen and Ogawa 2005; Sheiham and Netuveli 2002). Although gaps in our knowledge still exist about the precise nature and full extent of the condition, it is critically important that preventive and public health approaches to periodontal disease are based upon current scientific understanding of the condition (Baleum and Lopez 2003). This chapter will present an overview of current clinical and epidemiological research findings on periodontal disease. This will be followed by a critical review of the various options for prevention of the condition, with particular emphasis on the public health strategies required. Before considering the options for the prevention of periodontal diseases it is important to highlight the main epidemiological features of the condition. Although most adults have some gingivitis and calculus deposits, epidemiological surveys indicate that only approximately 10–15% of the adult population suffer from progressive periodontitis (Albandar 2005; Papapanou 1999; Petersen and Ogawa 2005; Sheiham and Netuveli 2002). The extent and severity of periodontitis increases with age and is more common among men than women. Stark socioeconomic inequalities exist, with lower-income and less-educated groups having significantly worse periodontal health than their more affluent and educated contemporaries (Petersen and Ogawa 2005; Sheiham and Netuveli 2002). As with other chronic diseases, a consistent social gradient exists in the distribution of periodontal diseases within a defined population (Borrell et al. 2006; Lopez et al 2006; Sabbah et al. 2007). The social gradient indicates that socio-economic differences in periodontal measures do not just occur at the extremes of the social spectrum between the rich and poor in society, but across the entire social hierarchy in a graded stepwise fashion. Trend data suggest that in high- and middle-income countries, oral hygiene levels have steadily improved in all age groups and there has been a decline in the extent of gingivitis (Hugoson et al 1998; Morris et al. 2001).
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"Is control at work the key to socioeconomic gradients in mortality?" In Health inequalities, 83–86. Policy Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/9781447342229.ch008.

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Iso, Hiroyasu, Kotatsu Maruyama, and Kazumasa Yamagishi. "Chronic Diseases and Risk Factor Trends in Japan." In Health in Japan, 163–78. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848134.003.0011.

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Top longevity in Japan since the 1990s was primarily due to a large reduction in the incidence of stroke and a moderate reduction in ischaemic heart disease. Such trends in cardiovascular diseases in Japan are attributable to population-level health and changes in cardiovascular risk factors, especially (a) the high but largely reduced prevalence of hypertension and smoking (in men), and (b) the low but increased or stable prevalence of high blood cholesterol and the low prevalence of overweight and diabetes. Economic development, integrated activities in public health services, and improved medical care contributed to these favourable trends for stroke and ischaemic heart disease in Japan, reducing the urban-rural inequalities in cardiovascular diseases, risk factors and behaviours. An important aspect of cardiovascular health in Japan is national resistance to westernization of diet although meat and dairy consumption has tended to increase. Growing socioeconomic gradients among the ageing population however might worsen the health inequalities in cardiovascular health, requiring urgent measures for healthy ageing.
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Tabuchi, Takahiro. "Tobacco Control Policy and Tobacco Product Use Disparity in Japan." In Health in Japan, 217–32. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848134.003.0014.

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Tobacco smoking continues to be a major contributor to mortality, morbidity, and social inequalities in health worldwide. Smoking prevalence and inequality are influenced by tobacco control measures and interference from the industry including Japan Tobacco. Tobacco control is weak in Japan by international standards. Control measures such as taxation, labelling, and smoke-free legislation have differing effects on smoking inequality. Quit rates differ across socioeconomic strata, as does exposure to second-hand smoke. Equity effectiveness research takes account of socioeconomic gradients in response to new control measures and products. In Japan, e-cigarettes with nicotine have been prohibited since 2010. New heated tobacco products were introduced in 2013 and their use increased dramatically from 2016. To monitor smoking behaviour and health inequalities in Japan, we need to focus on heated tobacco products as well as cigarettes.
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Siddiqi, Arjumand. "Variation of Socioeconomic Gradients in Children’s Developmental Health Across Advanced Capitalist Societies: Analysis of 22 OECD Nations." In The Financial and Economic Crises and Their Impact On Health and Social Well-Being. Baywood Publishing Company, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/tfac16.

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"Variation of Socioeconomic Gradients in Children's Developmental Health Across Advanced Capitalist Societies: Analysis of 22 OECD Nations." In The Financial and Economic Crises and Their Impact on Health and Social Well-Being, 343–67. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315226927-24.

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O’Mahony, Constantinos. "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevention of sudden cardiac death." In ESC CardioMed, 1462–66. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0354_update_001.

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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) secondary to ventricular arrhythmias is the most common mode of death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and can be effectively prevented with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The risk of SCD in HCM relates to the severity of the phenotype and regular risk stratification is an integral part of routine clinical care. For the primary prevention of SCD, risk stratification involves the assessment of seven readily available clinical parameters (age, maximal left ventricular wall thickness, left atrial diameter, left ventricular outflow tract gradient, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, unexplained syncope, and family history of SCD) which are used to estimate the risk of SCD within 5 years of clinical evaluation using a statistical risk prediction model (HCM Risk-SCD). The 2014 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines provide a framework to aid clinical decisions and consider patients with a 5-year risk of SCD of less than 4% as low risk and recommend regular assessment while those with a risk of 6% or higher should be considered for an ICD. In patients with an intermediate risk (4% to <6%) ICD implantation may also be considered after taking into account age, co-morbid conditions, socioeconomic factors, and the psychological impact of therapy. Survivors of ventricular fibrillation arrest should receive an ICD for secondary prevention unless their life expectancy is less than 1 year. Following device implantation, patients should be followed up for device- and disease-related complications, particularly heart failure and cerebrovascular disease.
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Conference papers on the topic "Socioeconomic health gradient"

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Birch, Jack, Rebecca Jones, Julia Mueller, Matthew McDonald, Rebecca Richards, Michael Kelly, Simon Griffin, and Amy Ahern. "A systematic review of inequalities in the uptake of, adherence to and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions." In Building Bridges in Medical Science 2021. Cambridge Medicine Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7244/cmj.2021.03.001.1.

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Background: It has been suggested that interventions focusing on individual behaviour change, such as behavioural weight management interventions, may exacerbate health inequalities. These intervention-generated inequalities may occur at different stages, including intervention uptake, adherence and effectiveness. We conducted a systematic review to synthesise evidence on how different measures of inequality moderate the uptake of, adherence to and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions in adults. Methods: We updated a previous systematic literature review from the US Preventive Services Taskforce to identify trials of behavioural weight management interventions in adults that could be conducted in or recruited from primary care. Medline, Cochrane database (CENTRAL) and PsycINFO were searched. Only randomised controlled trials and cluster-randomised controlled trials were included. Two investigators independently screened articles for eligibility and conducted risk of bias assessment. We curated publication families for eligible trials. The PROGRESS-Plus acronym (place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender, religion, education, socioeconomic status, social capital, plus other discriminating factors) was used to consider a comprehensive range of health inequalities. Data on trial uptake, intervention adherence, weight change, and PROGRESS-Plus related-data were extracted. Results: Data extraction in currently underway. A total of 108 studies are included in the review. Data will be synthesised narratively and through the use of Harvest Plots. A Harvest plot for each PROGRESS-Plus criterion will be presented, showing whether each trial found a negative, positive or no health inequality gradient. We will also identify potential sources of unpublished original research data on these factors which can be synthesised through a future individual participant data meta- analysis. Conclusions and implications: The review findings will contribute towards the consideration of intervention-generated inequalities by researchers, policy makers and healthcare and public health practitioners. Authors of trials included in the completed systematic review may be invited to collaborate on a future IPD meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020173242
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