Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sociocultural'

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Despite the Department of Defense’s (DOD) investment in programs designed to advance sociocultural knowledge, the DOD lacks a shared repository through which all entities can aggregate, visualize, and share sociocultural data across the enterprise. A gap analysis of DOD’s desired and actual ability to achieve a sociocultural understanding reveals three shortcomings: data, repository, and collaboration. Therefore, we created a proof of concept that bridges the sociocultural gap by harnessing the overlooked potential of deployed service members and their cross-cultural experiences. Service member observations form an untapped resource of sociocultural data; this existing wellspring of sociocultural information needs to be collected and indexed using a common framework. Residing in a geodatabase and interfaced via a crowdsourced Geographic Information System (GIS), this framework aggregates the collected data of service member narratives for the greater Joint Force, thereby creating a dynamic and collaborative living repository. Combining an anthropologically sound and operationally relevant framework with the capabilities of GIS results in a solution that will allow DOD personnel to populate, visualize, and share near-real-time cultural data relevant to military operations across all services. This DOD enterprise solution can enhance the nation’s armed forces’ strategic performance through the application of culturally adept military power.

Languages evolve, adapting to pressures arising from their learning and use. As these pressures may be different in different sociocultural environments, non-linguistic factors relating to the group structure of the people who speak a language may influence the features of the language itself. Identifying such factors, and the mechanisms by which they operate, would account for some of the diversity seen in the complexity of different languages. This thesis considers two key hypotheses which connect group structure to complex language features and evaluates them experimentally. Firstly, languages spoken by greater numbers of people are thought to be less morphologically complex than those employed by smaller groups. I assess two mechanisms by which group size could have such an effect: different degrees of variability in the linguistic input learners receive, and the effects of adult learning. Four experiments conclude that there is no evidence for different degrees of speaker input variability having any effect on the cross-generational transmission of complex morphology, and so no evidence for it being an explanation for the effect of population size on linguistic complexity. Three more experiments conclude that adult learning is a more likely mechanism, but that linking morphological simplification at the level of the individual to group-level characteristics of a language cannot be simply explained. Idiosyncratic simplifications of adult learners, when mixed with input from native speakers, may result in the linguistic input for subsequent learners being itself complex and variable, preventing simplified features from becoming more widespread. Native speaker accommodation, however, may be a key linking mechanism. Speakers of a more complex variant of a language simplify their language to facilitate communication with speakers of a simpler language. In doing so, they may increase the frequency of particular simplifications in the input of following learners. Secondly, esoteric communication | that carried out by smaller groups in which large amounts of information is shared and in which adult learning is absent | may provide the circumstances necessary for the generation and maintenance of more complex features. I assess this in four experiments. Without a learnability pressure, esoteric communication illustrates how complexity can be maintained, but there is generally no evidence of how smaller groups or those with greater amounts of shared information would develop comparatively more complex features. Any observable differences in the complexity of the languages of different types of groups is eliminated through repeated interaction between group members. There is, however, some indication that the languages used by larger groups may be more transparent, and so easier for adult learners to understand.

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This paper aims to reflect on the discursive constitution of the identity sociocultural of Parintins people. The qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews, audio-recorded and later transcribed, from which was formed the corpus. The interviews were made in the city of Parintins, more precisely in the Historic Center, with a group of people over 70 to 79 years old. It was undertaken a search for answers to the question: which way, discursive formations and interdiscourse are present in the narrative of Parintins people on their identity sociocultural? The analysis sought to know how sociocultural processes contribute to constitution of meanings about Parintins people, from which discursive and interdiscourse formations they are coming, taking into account the life experience of the group interviewed and the city history. The perspective obtained from Discourse Analysis of Michel Pêcheux and Eni Orlandi guided this study, which relates language, history and ideology in the production of meaning. The Parintins identity are addressed with the support of the theories from Tomaz Tadeu da Silva, Bauman, Kathryn Woodward, Stuart Hall, Cush and Goffman. Already known and widely publicized senses about the Parintins people identity were confirmed. However others, that suggest resistance to those of a single identity, predominate in the subjects' discourses, giving birth to the inhabitants' view of what binds them ideologically to the city, to culture, to history, in other words, what in the moment, makes them Parintins people.
O presente trabalho objetiva compreender a constituição discursiva da(s) identidade(s) sociocultural(is) parintinense(s). A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas em áudio e posteriormente transcritas, de onde foi formado o corpus. As entrevistas foram realizadas na cidade de Parintins, precisamente no Centro Histórico, com um grupo de pessoas com idade de 70 a 79 anos. Empreendeu-se uma busca pelas respostas à questão: quais sentidos, formações discursivas e interdiscursos se fazem presentes nos relatos dos parintinense sobre sua(s) identidade(s) sociocultural(is)? A análise procurou conhecer como os processos socioculturais contribuem para constituição de sentidos acerca da(s) identidade(s) parintinense(s), de quais formações discursivas e interdiscursos são oriundos, levando-se em conta a experiência de vida do grupo entrevistado e a história da cidade. Este estudo pautou-se pela perspectiva da Análise de Discurso de Michel Pêcheux e de Eni Orlandi, que relaciona na produção de sentidos língua, história e ideologia. A(s) identidade(s) parintinense(s) são abordada(s) com o apoio das teorias de Tomaz Tadeu da Silva, Bauman, Kathryn Woodward, Stuart Hall, Cuche e Goffman. Sentidos já conhecidos e amplamente divulgados acerca da identidade parintinense foram confirmados. Mas outros, que sugerem resistência aos de uma identidade única predominam nos discursos dos sujeitos, dando à luz a visão dos habitantes acerca do que os liga ideologicamente à cidade, à cultura, à história, ou seja, o que, no momento, consideram que os faz parintinenses.

Estudo quantitativo, do tipo transversal retrospectivo, que teve como objetivo caracterizar social e culturalmente as parturientes adolescentes atendidas em um hospital universitário da cidade de Porto Alegre, de referência para atendimento a pacientes de alto risco. Os dados foram coletados nos prontuários das adolescentes que realizaram partos entre julho e dezembro de 2001 e recuperados através dos registros de enfermagem e complementados pelos do boletim de atendimento da emergência obstétrica e da declaração de nascidos vivos. Para descrever as características sociais e culturais das adolescentes, estão apresentados nesta pesquisa, dados de identificação, aspectos sociais e culturais, aspectos relativos à maternidade, aspectos relacionados a atual gestação e hábitos sociais com repercussão na gestação. Os resultados desta pesquisa permitem conhecer as características das adolescentes e proporcionar subsídios para a equipe de saúde que atende mulheres adolescentes.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Jornalismo, Florianópolis, 2012
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Como o jornalismo contemporâneo tem relatado a vivência humana imbricada em sua diversidade sociocultural? A partir deste questionamento, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as narrativas com foco no personagem e sua dimensão sociocultural, praticadas na revista Brasileiros. Em especial, o propósito foi averiguar como a diversidade sociocultural brasileira é tratada nas reportagens e examinar como este modo de fazer jornalístico atribui sentidos à narrativa, como também verificar se a produção deste relato colabora com o ideal do jornalismo de ser plural e democrático. Para alcançar tais preocupações foi analisada uma amostra de reportagens impressas entre 2007 e 2011. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados contam com recursos da Análise Pragmática da Narrativa Jornalística. A partir do estudo de caso foi possível inferir que a revista tem forte engajamento político e um entendimento sobre um perfil ideal de cidadão brasileiro, que busca compartilhar com seus leitores.

How do the contemporary journalism have related the human life imbricated in its sociocultural diversity? From this question, this study aimed to investigate the narratives focusing on the character and its sociocultural dimension, practiced in the Brasileiros#s magazine. In special, the purpose was to examine how the brazilian sociocultural diversity is addressed in the reports and examine how this way of doing journalism assigns meanings to narrative, also verify that the production of this report contributes to the ideal of journalism to be pluralistic and democratic. To meet these concerns was analyzed a sample of reports printed between 2007 and 2011. The methodological procedures have resources Pragmatic Analysis of Narrative Journalism. From the case study I could infer that the magazine has a strong political commitment and an understanding of an ideal profile of a brazilian citizen, who seeks to share with your readers.

Orientador: João Francisco Duarte Junior
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo: A presente pesquisa objetivou realizar um estudo voltado para o período elisabetano (Renascimento inglês), neste focalizando a arte teatral como das mais fortes expressões de arte, sociedade e cultura. Nosso foco de problematização está na análise de até que ponto o teatro elisabetano teve participação efetiva na transição de uma visão de mundo marcada pela episteme medieval, para uma cosmovisão renascentista. Michel Foucault, com seu conceito de episteme, ajudou-nos a estabelecer as bases teóricas para a compreensão de uma realidade desde suas estruturas mais profundas até a emergência de um sujeito autônomo a representar-se nos palcos e a fazer vibrar nas mentes e nos corações do público novas metas para a expressão humana. Buscamos afirmar a tese de que o teatro elisabetano, com suas caracterizações específicas, significou uma das forças de formação de uma nova visão antropológica e também cosmológica. Nossos objetivos desejaram realmente contemplar as convergências entre a arte, a cultura e a sociedade em um determinado segmento da história inglesa, o qual tem indiscutível importância para compreendermos a linha essencial de desenvolvimento das artes cênicas nos tempos posteriores. Demonstramos, através de seus temas, imagens, e principalmente da linguagem, os novos valores tanto individuais como socioculturais, por aglutinação, que esta arte ajudou a formar, ou antes, consolidou por meio de suas peças de talhe e temática crescentemente inovadores. Assim, buscamos argumentar acerca do ativismo sociocultural em que consistiu o teatro inglês renascentista.
Abstract: The following research aimed to achieve a study about the Elizabethan Age (English Renaissance), focusing its theatrical art as one of the most important expression of art, society and culture. The focus of our discussion is in the analysis of the Elizabethan theatre participation in the effective transition from a world view marked by the medieval episteme to the new Renaissance world view. The French philosopher Michel Foucault, with his concept of episteme, helped us to establish the theoretical basis to the comprehension of a reality from its deepest structures till the emergency of an autonomous subject representing himself in the stage, and vibrating, in the hearts and minds of the public, new aims for human expression. Along this research, we affirm the thesis that the Elizabethan theatre, with its specific characterizations, signified one strong formation power of a new anthropological and cosmological view. Our objectives desire to contemplate the convergencies among art, culture and society in a specific historic moment of the English nation, which has unquestionable importance when we want to understand the essential development of the dramatic art in later times. We demonstrated, through its themes, images and mainly its language, the new individual and sociocultural values that the Elizabethan theatrical art helped to form, or better saying, consolidated through its innovative plays in terms of themes and specific characteristics. We aimed to argue on the sociocultural activism of the English Renaissance theatre.
Doutorado
Doutor em Artes

This thesis discusses how sociocultural meaning is layered into the rhetorical structure of advertising and illustrates how an ad's meaning achieves its goal of persuading consumers to buy a specific product. Its aim is to deepen translators' understanding of the advertising genre and elaborate a theoretical base that can help them make decisions about composing the translation specifically for the target culture. The key elements of translating advertising, namely the importance of its persuasive function, its cultural groundwork, and its communicative unity, are determined through a survey of translation literature. The recurrence of communicative variables such as the addresser-addressee relationship, intention, and purpose is furthered in an investigation of the rhetorical structure of print advertisements. A framework that describes the layering of ideologemes, values, and beliefs in persuasive language, through stereotypes and cliches, is proposed to improve translators' understanding of advertisements. This framework is then applied to four in-depth analyses of ads and their translations. Observations include translators' misunderstanding of the rhetorical importance of the textual and visual unity in ads and the importance of cliches as pivotal logical devices and carriers of sociocultural meaning.

The Kingdom of Swaziland is a small African nation with an HIV prevalence rate of 27.4% in adults and up to 39% in pregnant women (Global Health Observatory, 2014). In 2012, life expectancy for a woman in Swaziland was 55-years (World Health Organization, 2014). Health entails more than the absence of disease. Although considered a lower middle-income country, 69% of Swazi citizens live in poverty and nearly one-third live in extremely poor circumstances. The degree to which upstream factors such as social conditions and the cultural environment impact individuals tends to be minimized in Westernized models of health behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the sociocultural factors that impact self-care and health maintenance of women in Swaziland. The goals related to this were to uncover the salient cultural values, beliefs and attitudes that affect the health of Swazi women, and to develop a deeper understanding of how strongly embedded cultural values are a determinant of health outcomes. Using Carspecken’s methodology of critical ethnography, which incorporates both observational and narrative methods, this study focused intensively on the life stories of four rural African women. The findings richly illustrate how social issues such as poverty and food insecurity impact the health of women and their children; and how traditional customs and practices both support and threaten the health of women and families. Women in this study experienced a loss of husband or extended family due to death or abandonment that resulted in losses in supports and resources. Additionally, they worried about the health and education of their children before personal health needs. They also reported chronic employment problems and mistrust in existing governmental agencies including the healthcare system. Application of the culturally sensitive Person-Environment-Neighborhood (PEN-3) model highlights areas of resilience, strengths, and resource targets and identifies the community as an appropriate entry level for health interventions.

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A presença de grupos indígenas em áreas urbanas coloca a necessidade de se pensar novos paradigmas, tanto em âmbito internacional, nacional quanto local. Esse processo se reflete em dilemas sociais e conflitos culturais. Neste contexto, o tema da sustentabilidade surge como premissa para a construção de uma sociedade mais solidária e justa. A tese consiste em demonstrar que os elementos da identidade indígena, ressignificados em perímetro urbano e fortalecidos por meio das expectativas das organizações indígenas, favorecem uma reflexão para o estabelecimento de condições urbanas para sua sustentabilidade sociocultural. Tem como objetivo conhecer como elementos da identidade dos povos indígenas Macuxi e Wapichana contribuem para sua sustentabilidade sociocultural no contexto urbano de Boa Vista, capital de Roraima. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram qualitativos, utilizando-se entrevistas para interpretar percepções de líderes e demais protagonistas de organizações indígenas na cidade de Boa Vista. Por meio deste instrumento, dialogou-se, também, com os gestores das agências indigenistas nas esferas do Poder Público Federal, Estadual e Municipal. A pesquisa revelou que, em processo de ressignificação cultural, os indígenas articulam-se em três organizações sociopolíticas para reafirmação de sua identidade indígena. As expectativas das organizações permitiram classificá-las em agências, entidades e espaços comunitários de fortalecimento cultural, o que favoreceu discutir a problemática por meio de aproximações conceituais que permitiram refletir o estabelecimento de condições urbanas para sua sustentabilidade sociocultural.
The presence of indigenous groups in urban areas places the need to think new paradigms, so much in international, national and place ambit. That process is reflected in social dilemmas and cultural conflicts. In this context, the theme of the sustainability appears as premise for the construction of a more solidary and fair society. This thesis consists of demonstrating that the elements of the indigenous identity, re-meanings in urban perimeter and strengthened through the expectations of the indigenous organizations, they favor a reflection for the establishment of urban conditions for your sociocultural sustentabilidade. It has as objective to know as elements of the culture of the indigenous people Macuxi and Wapichana contribute to your sociocultural sustainability in the urban context of Boa Vista, capital of Roraima. The methodological procedures were qualitative, being used interviews to interpret leaders' perceptions and other protagonists of indigenous organizations in the city of Boa Vista. Through this instrument, one also dialogued with the managers of the indigenist agencies of the Federal, State and Municipal Public Power spheres. The research revealed that, in process of cultural re-meaning, the natives pronounce in three sociopolitical organizations for reaffirmation of your indigenous identity. The expectations of the organizations allowed to classify them in agencies, entities and community spaces of cultural invigoration, the one that favored discuss the problem through conceptual approaches that allowed to reflect the establishment of urban conditions for your sociocultural sustainability.

Corridas são praticadas há milênios. Nos últimos 30 anos reuniram milhões de praticantes nas ruas do mundo todo. Como outras atividades físicas, passou por transformações ao longo da história. Estas mudanças estão diretamente ligadas a questões da sociedade. A sociedade contemporânea tem duas características principais, a questão da identidade e a globalização. Estes pontos influenciam a visão de corpo, a compreensão de saúde, definem as relações pessoais, o papel das mulheres, os vínculos locais, a incorporação da tecnologia e o empreendedorismo. A Corrida Internacional de São Silvestre incorpora todas as características da sociedade formada nos últimos 30 anos. É um exemplo da ligação entre a corrida de rua e a sociedade. A corrida de rua é um fenômeno sociocultural contemporâneo.
People has being running for thousand years. In the last 30 years distance running put toghether million people in streets all around the world. As other physical activities, distance running has gone through changes along History. These changes relate directally to social issues. Contemporary society has two major characteristics, identity and globalization. These points relate on how eaach one sees the human body, health comprehension, personal relationship, women role, the urban ties, uses of technology and entrepreneurship. São Silvestre International Road Race bring togheter all characteristics of society in the last 30 years. It is an example of relation between running and society. Road races are a contemporary phenomenon.

The central argument of this thesis is that a sociocultural approach, based on Vygotsky’s work, allows embracing simultaneously both the individual and the social aspects of emotions. The thesis comprises two parts. Sociological and psychological literatures about the study of emotions are reviewed to show the difficulties that these disciplines have faced in accounting for both the physiological and the cultural aspects of emotions simultaneously. In the first part of the thesis, I build an all-embracing historical psychological approach that pulls together aspects of Vygotsky’s work in order to overcome those difficulties. In so doing, my investigation of what emotions ‘are’ has changed to acknowledge the need to investigate what emotions ‘do’ in social contexts and interactions. The study of emotions, I argue, needs to avoid their separation from the context in which they emerge to overcome the separation of individual and social aspects of emotions. The second part of this thesis consists of an exploration of the necessary traits for an adequate sociocultural study of emotions in the classroom. This involves the analysis of emotions as they feature within pedagogic practices that take place in four classrooms, through a detailed examination of video-recorded microsituations. Three foci are constructed to discuss situated emotions: context, social practice and microhistory. The empirical study offers the basis for two conclusions. First, through the data analysis I show diverse ways in which teachers accompany, encourage and ‘contain’ or ‘regulate’ emotions as part of the interactions that take place in classrooms. Second, I offer an outline of a sociocultural approach to the study of emotions which does not separate their individual and social aspects. Finally, I discuss some of the implications of this study for teachers’ practices and for future research.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde.
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O suicídio é um problema importante entre os colonos de Santo Cristo. Neste grupo, as taxas aumentaram ao longo das três últimas décadas, sendo que a média, na década de oitenta, foi de 17,73 suicídios por 100000 habitantes. Mais preocupante que as taxas é a constatação de que os suicidas, procuram o profissional de saúde, sem que estes reconheçam sinais ou sintomas envolvidos nesta ação. Estas observações motivaram a propor este estudo para compreender a construção sociocultural dos suicídios de colonos, predominantemente de descendência alemã e religião católica, objetivando contribuir no fortalecimento do papel dos profissionais de saúde dentro deste contexto. A partir da antropologia da saúde, foi possível estabelecer uma nova compreensão privilegiando a ação dos colonos no cotidiano, enquanto processo de construção coletiva da realidade, contrastando com o modelo biomédico que compreende saúde-doença de forma linear e causal, desvinculando o cliente de sua história e cultura. É uma pesquisa etnográfica, na qual se dá compreensão à especificidade da identidade do colono vinculado ao espaço, ao tempo, às relações de gênero e de poder como grupo. Permeando esta construção estão os significados de vida e morte que passam a ser representados de forma contraditória e complexa, na qual o suicídio, que é uma das formas de morte deste grupo, faz parte como símbolo, expressando a fragilidade de papel dos homens. A interpretação sociocultural permite conhecer uma outra dimensão da doença e morte. O suicídio, como símbolo de sofrimento, faz parte da realidade construída e vivida por este grupo, que exige dos seus integrantes uma organização societária centrada em autoridades, princípios morais rígidos de previsibilidade das ações, desconfiança com relação as manifestações voluntárias e individuais das pessoas. Neste contexto, os profissionais da saúde não conseguem estabelecer uma comunicação com as pessoas em sofrimento, pois desconsideram a cosmologia como parte da experiência da doença. A antropologia abre esta perspectiva interdisciplinar, permitindo uma compreensão mais holística, social e ecológica do processo de vida e morte, a partir do qual é possível estabelecer uma comunicação e uma compreensão do sofrimento do suicida no seu aspecto individual e coletivo. A compreensão das redes de significados e poder, vinculados aos diferentes símbolos de suicídio, reforça a necessidade de mudança na formação dos profissionais de saúde assinalando como importante a escuta do cliente com relação a sua dor. O enfermeiro passa a ter um papel de mediador enquanto prática social no grupo.

Després de deu anys d'implantació del Cicle Formatiu de Grau Superior d'Animació Sociocultural (CFGS d'ASC) s'ha detectat que els Tècnics Superiors en Animació Sociocultural (TASOC) no s'insereixen laboralment en la mesura que seria d'esperar, sobretot si atenem als estudis de mercat que diuen que l'animació sociocultural és un nou nínxol d'ocupació.
Partim de la pregunta: quins factors són els que provoquen la baixa inserció laboral dels Animadors Socioculturals? L'objectiu general d'aquesta tesi és realitzar un estudi descriptiu dels graduats en Tècnic Superior d'Animació Sociocultural a Catalunya i de la seva formació, professionalització i inserció laboral, per a poder millorar la seva adequació al mercat de treball.
L'estudi s'estructura en tres parts. Una primera consta de cinc capítols en els que es descriu el marc teòric de l'animació sociocultural, el seu concepte, la figura professional de l'animador sociocultural i la seva formació i professionalització. Aquesta part ens servirà de marc conceptual on fonamentar la investigació.
La segona part és la recerca empírica. Els objectius plantejats aboquen a una investigació exploratòria de la realitat. Es tracta d'un estudi que combina informació quantitativa i qualitativa. S'estructura en dues fases.
En una primera fase s'obtenen dades quantitatives mitjançant l'aplicació d'un qüestionari a tota la població de TASOC formada en centres públics de Catalunya fins l'any 2006. La mostra està formada pels 303 participants que l'han contestat; això suposa el 25,6% de la població total. Se segueix indagant en un segon qüestionari destinat als 154 TASOC que treballen en animació sociocultural o àmbits relacionats amb l'animació, dels quals obtenim dades sobre la inserció laboral. L'anàlisi de les dades quantitatives es fa mitjançant el paquet estadístic SPSS.
En una segona fase s'utilitzen mètodes qualitatius per tal d'aprofundir i interpretar les dades estadístiques. Es realitzen entrevistes grupals a TASOC que actuen com a informants clau dels diferents àmbits de l'animació sociocultural i als seus tutors. La metodologia que s'utilitza per a l'anàlisi de les dades és la descripció densa. Aquests informants clau també elaboren un registre documental de les seves actuacions professionals. Mitjançant l'anàlisi de contingut s'ha determinat quines són les funcions i tasques que realitzen en el seu lloc de treball i en quina mesura.
A la tercera part es presenta la descripció dels resultats referits en funció dels objectius plantejats.
Finalment, les conclusions aporten elements de reflexió per a millorar la situació dels TASOC al mercat de treball. Destaquem les següents:
- La principal motivació per estudiar ASC és l'accés a estudis superiors.
- La Formació en Centres de Treball és una eina clau per a la seva professionalització.
- És un col·lectiu molt motivat i satisfet de la formació rebuda.
- Trobem molt pocs TASOC aturats, però només la meitat tenen feina del que han estudiat.
- Hi ha força oferta de feina d'ASC, però les condicions laborals són precàries: temporalitat en els contractes, jornades a temps parcial, sous baixos, molta mobilitat dels equips de treball.
- Les categories professionals en què són contractats els TASOC no acostumen a estar d'acord amb les funcions i responsabilitats que requereixen ni amb la formació rebuda.
- La meitat de TASOC estan contractats per l'Administració, i es treballa principalment amb població infantil i juvenil.
- L'àmbit del lleure i el de l'assistència socioeducativa són els que més TASOC ocupen.
- Les funcions que realitza el TASOC les podem concretar en: obtenció i gestió de la informació, funció socioeducativa o de relació amb els usuaris, planificació i gestió dels recursos. La major part de temps de treball es dedica a l'atenció als usuaris.
- En aquests moments el TASOC no és prou conegut ni reconegut socialment.
Aquestes conclusions porten a plantejar algunes propostes i perspectives de futur estructurades en dos blocs: les relacionades amb la formació i les relacionades amb el món laboral.
Después de diez años de implantación del Ciclo Formativo de Grado Superior de Animación Sociocultural (CFGS de ASC) se detecta que los Técnicos Superiores en Animación Sociocultural (TASOC) no se insertan laboralmente en la medida que seria de esperar, sobretodo si tenemos en cuenta los estudios de mercado que observan que la animación sociocultural es un nuevo filón de ocupación.
Partimos de la pregunta: ¿qué factores son los que provocan la baja inserción laboral de los Animadores Socioculturales? El objetivo general de esta tesis es realizar un estudio descriptivo de los graduados como Técnicos Superiores en Animación Sociocultural en Cataluña y de su formación, profesionalización e inserción laboral, para poder mejorar la adecuación al mercado de trabajo.
El estudio se estructura en tres partes. La primera consta de cinco capítulos en los que se describe el marco teórico de la animación sociocultural, su concepto, la figura profesional del animador sociocultural y su formación y profesionalización. Esta parte nos servirá como marco conceptual donde fundamentar la investigación.
La segunda parte es la investigación empírica. Los objetivos planteados conducen a una investigación exploratoria de la realidad. Se trata de un estudio que combina información cuantitativa y cualitativa. Se estructura en dos fases.
En una primera fase se obtienen datos cuantitativos mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a toda la población de TASOC formada en centros públicos de Cataluña hasta el 2006. La muestra está formada por los 303 participantes que han respondido; eso supone el 25,6% de la población total. Se sigue indagando en un segundo cuestionario destinado a los 154 TASOC que trabajan en animación sociocultural o ámbitos relacionados con la animación, de quienes obtenemos información sobre la inserción laboral. El análisis de los datos cuantitativos se realiza mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS.
En una segunda fase se utilizan métodos cualitativos con la finalidad de profundizar e interpretar los datos estadísticos. Se realizan entrevistas grupales a TASOC que actúan como informadores clave de los diferentes ámbitos de la animación sociocultural y a sus tutores. La metodología que se utiliza para el análisis de los datos es la descripción densa. Estos informadores clave también elaboran un registro documental sobre sus actuaciones profesionales. Mediante el análisis de contenido se ha determinado cuales son las funciones y tareas que realizan en sus puestos de trabajo y en que medida.
En la tercera parte se presenta la descripción de los resultados referidos en función de los objetivos planteados.
Finalmente, las conclusiones aportan elementos de reflexión para mejorar la situación de los TASOC en el mercado de trabajo. Destacamos las siguientes:
- La principal motivación para estudiar ASC es el acceso a estudios superiores.
- La Formación en Centros de Trabajo es una herramienta clave para la profesionalización.
- Es un colectivo muy motivado y satisfecho de la formación recibida.
- Encontramos muy pocos desocupados, pero solo la mitad trabajan en aquello que han estudiado.
- Hay bastantes ofertas de trabajo en ASC, pero las condiciones laborales son precarias: temporalidad en los contratos, jornadas a tiempo parcial, sueldos bajos, mucha movilidad de los equipos de trabajo.
- Las categorías profesionales en que se contratan los TASOC no acostumbran a estar de acuerdo con las funciones y responsabilidades del puesto de trabajo ni con la formación recibida.
La mitad de TASOC están contratados por la Administración, y se trabaja principalmente con la población infantil y juvenil.
- El ámbito del ocio y tiempo libre y el de la asistencia socioeducativa son los que más TASOC ocupan.
- Las funciones que realiza el TASOC las podemos concretar en: obtención y gestión de la información, función socioeducativa o de relación con los usuarios, planificación y gestión de los recursos. La mayor parte del tiempo de trabajo se dedica a la atención a los usuarios.
- En estos momentos, el TASOC no es suficientemente conocido ni reconocido socialmente.
Estas conclusiones conducen a plantear algunas propuestas y perspectivas de futuro estructuradas en dos bloques: las relacionadas con la formación y las relacionadas con el mundo laboral.
Ten years on from the implantation of the Higher Grade Formative Cycle in Socio-cultural Animation (CFGS d'ASC) it has been noted that the Higher Technicians in Socio-cultural Animation (TASOC) are not incorporated into the workforce as well as might be expected, especially if we believe market research which says that socio-cultural animation is a new employment niche.
The initial question is: which factors cause this low level of incorporation of socio-cultural animators into the working world? The general aim of this thesis is to do a descriptive study of graduates who are Higher Technicians in Socio-cultural Animation in Catalonia, their training, professionalization and incorporation into the workforce, in order to improve their suitability in the job-market.
The study is structured into three parts. The first consists of five chapters which describe the theoretical framework of socio-cultural animation, its conception, the professional figure of the socio-cultural animator and his/her training and professionalization. This part will serve as a conceptual framework on which to base the research.
The second part is empirical research. The aims lead to an exploratory investigation of reality. It is a study which combines quantitative and qualitative information. It is structured into two phases.
In an initial phase quantitative data is obtained by means of a questionnaire given to the entire population of TASOC trained in public centres in Catalonia up to 2006. The sample consists of 303 participants who filled it in; this amounts to 25.6% of the total population. Research continues with a second questionnaire aimed at the 154 TASOC who work in socio-cultural animation or fields related to animation, from which we obtain data about incorporation into the workforce. Analysis of quantitative data is done using the statistical pack SPSS.
In a second phase qualitative methods are used in order to study in depth and interpret the statistical data. Group interviews are carried out both with TASOC who act as key informants in the different fields of socio-cultural animation and with a group of tutors. The methodology used to analyse the data is dense description. These key informants also make up documental registration of their professional activity. By means of content analysis it has been determined what functions and tasks are carried out in the workplace and to what extent.
In the third part a description of the results referred to is presented with regard to the aims set.
Finally, the conclusions give information prepared with the intention of providing elements for thought so as to improve the situation of TASOC in the job-market. The following conclusions stand out:
- The main reason for studying ASC is for access to higher education.
- The formation of Work Centres is a key tool for their professionalization.
- It is a very motivated group who are happy with the training received.
- There is plenty of work to be had in ASC but working conditions are uncertain: temporary contracts, part-time jobs, low salaries and high mobility of the work teams.
- The professional categories that TASOC are given contracts for are not usually in accordance with the functions and responsibilities they require nor with their training.
- Half of all TASOC are taken on by the Government and work with children and adolescents.
- The field of leisure and socio-educational care is where most TASOC work.
- The duties carried out by TASOC can be said to be: obtaining and managing information, socio-educational duties or user relations and planning and management of resources. The majority of their working hours are given over to user attention.
- At the moment TASOC is not well-known enough nor socially recognised.
These conclusions bring us to some proposals and prospects for the future structured in two fields: those related to training and those related to the world of employment.

This thesis studies the interaction between language, people and culture in England in the century either side of 1300 by analysing the use of French in three Middle English texts: Laȝamon's Brut, Kyng Alisaunder, and Handlyng Synne. I explore the ways in which these texts exploit the sociocultural implications of French elements to negotiate the expression of collective identity, and consider what that suggests about the texts' audiences. This exploration also provides insights into the sociolinguistic relation between English and French. Specifically, I add to recent work on multilingualism within texts by providing a more systematic approach than has been adopted hitherto. Since this period saw the largest influx of French-derived vocabulary in English, evaluating the use of French elements requires consideration of the extent to which that vocabulary had become integrated in English. This aspect has not so far been included in studies of multilingualism in texts, and in approaching it this thesis brings together previous work on loanwords to offer a systematic methodology. Chapters 2 to 4 treat the lexis of the individual texts. Study of the broader context of the French elements in chapter 5 shows that they are distributed evenly across the texts and the majority are introduced independently of the source texts. Those that were carried over from the source texts were not adopted into Middle English more generally. Appeal to a specific register better explains the appearance of clusters. Chapter 6 concludes that the implications of the French elements in these texts centre on the negotiation of social and cultural identity. No clear support was found for the use or avoidance of French elements to express ethnic or religious identity in these texts. The style of both versions of Laȝamon's Brut was confirmed to be the result of redactors' choices and not the state of the language as a whole, since most French-derived words in either version were apparently well integrated by 1300. On a larger scale, the amount of well-integrated lexis of French origin in Handlyng Synne demonstrates the extent to which French-derived vocabulary had become accessible as early as 1300. Lastly, the atypical, specialised French elements in Kyng Alisaunder are best explained by supposing its initial audience included those with extensive knowledge of French. This supports the hypothesis of continuity of audience between French and Middle English literary culture.

Objetivo: Esta tese teve como objetivo geral caracterizar as relações entre cultura e sociedade por meio da transmissão do conhecimento científico na área de química. Método: Foram realizados sete estudos de caso nos quais se analisou a transmissão de conhecimentos em química em diferentes contextos socioculturais. O corpus de informações analisadas incluiu: i. notícias de jornal com referência à química, publicadas entre 2008 e 2012; ii. registros publicados na mídia sobre a celebração do Ano Internacional da Química (AIQ 2011); iii. notícias de jornal com referência à química verde, publicadas em jornais brasileiros e estrangeiros entre 1990 e 2013; iv. acessos ao portal Química Nova Interativa (QNInt) da Sociedade Brasileira de Química entre 2010 e 2012; v. vídeos do YouTube exibindo experimentos de química, publicados entre 2007 e 2015; vi. currículo Lattes dos egressos da pós-graduação do IQUSP entre 1970 e 2014; vii. Prêmios Nobel em Fisiologia ou Medicina (PNFM) e em Química concedidos entre 1901 e 2016. A análise desses conteúdos seguiu abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas. Adicionalmente, os estudos foram examinados segundo um referencial analítico que avaliou cada caso sob três aspectos: i. social; ii. cultural; iii. modos de transmissão do conhecimento. Resultados: Os principais resultados obtidos para cada estudo foram: i. a maior parte das notícias com referência à química não a trata como ciência, sendo muito discreta a representatividade da comunidade de química nos jornais; ii. visões diferentes de química foram identificadas por ocasião do AIQ, refletindo a diversidade de grupos sociais que participaram do evento; iii. a imagem da química verde nos jornais distancia-se da sua abordagem científica e pode sofrer influência do contexto sociocultural; iv. a experimentação em química, nos vídeos do YouTube, é pouco explorada por professores; v. os acessos ao QNInt evidenciam o uso educacional do portal, que contempla o ensino e a divulgação científica a partir de uma publicação científica; vi. o IQUSP foi caracterizado como um polo formador de recursos humanos em química no país; vii. observou-se a consolidação da abordagem molecular da medicina/fisiologia nos PNFM, com o surgimento da bioquímica como campo interdisciplinar. A análise global dos estudos apontou: i. a divulgação científica em química segue um padrão de comunicação predominantemente indireto, com a intermediação de profissionais da comunicação, e pouco engajamento direto da comunidade de química; ii. por meio da difusão científica, os cientistas químicos comunicam-se entre si e com cientistas de outras áreas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da ciência, a interdisciplinaridade das pesquisas e a formação de novos cientistas; iii. em plataformas digitais, o ensino de química foi caracterizadocomo descontextualizado, com foco em aspectos teóricos e tratada como disciplina escolar; iv. a contribuição da química para outras ciências é de difícil reconhecimento em contextos que valorizam mais a ciência aplicada. Conclusões: Grupos sociais internos e externos à comunidade de química atuam por diferentes vias para a transmissão da cultura química. Como elemento cultural, entretanto, a química extrapola a concepção científica, o que pode ser observado inclusive no interior da comunidade de química
Purpose: This thesis aimed to describe the relationship between culture and society through the transmission of scientific knowledge in the field of chemistry. Method: Seven case studies were conducted to analyze the transmission of knowledge in chemistry in different sociocultural contexts. The corpus of information analyzed included: i. news articles on chemistry published between 2008 and 2012; ii. records published in the media regarding the celebration of the International Year of Chemistry (IYC 2011); iii. news articles on green chemistry published between 1990 and 2013 in Brazilian and foreign newspapers; iv. records of access to the Química Nova Interativa (QNInt) web portal of the Brazilian Chemical Society between 2010 and 2012; v. YouTube videos featuring chemistry experiments published between 2007 and 2015; vi. Lattes curricula of graduate students of IQUSP between 1970 and 2014; vii. and Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine (NPPM) and in Chemistry granted between 1901 and 2016. These contents were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Furthermore, the studies were examined using an analytical framework that evaluated each case by considering three aspects: social, cultural, and modes of knowledge transfer. Results: The main results obtained in each study were: i. most of the news on chemistry does not address it as a science, and the way the chemical community is represented in the newspapers is very discreet; ii. different views on chemistry were identified during the IYC, reflecting the diversity of social groups that participated in the event; iii. the image of green chemistry in newspapers is different from its original concept in academia and this image may be influenced by its sociocultural context; iv. records of QNInt access demonstrate that the portal is used for educational purposes, comprehending teaching purposes and scientific dissemination from a scientific publication; v. YouTube videos featuring chemistry experiments are little utilized by professors; vi. IQUSP was described as a human resources training center in chemistry in Brazil; vii. and the molecular approach of medicine/physiology is consolidated in the NPPM, with the emergence of biochemistry as an interdisciplinary field. The overall analysis of the studies indicated: i. scientific dissemination in chemistry follows a predominantly indirect communication pattern and is characterized by the intermediation of communication professionals and little direct engagement of the chemical community; ii. chemical scientists communicate with each other and with scientists from other areas through scientific diffusion, contributing to the development of science, the interdisciplinary nature of research, and the training of new scientists; iii. chemistry instruction was described asdecontextualized, focusing on theoretical aspects and addressed as a school subject; iv. the contribution of chemistry to other fields of science is difficult to recognize in contexts where applied science is more highly valued. Conclusions: Social groups inside and outside the chemical community act differently in the process of the transmission of the chemical culture. However, since chemistry is a cultural element, it goes beyond scientific conception, which can be observed even within the chemical community

Assisted reproduction (AR) became available in Mexico during the mid eighties. Since then, the AR industry has developed and flourished within a context of little regulation, considerable media coverage and an increasing number of consumers. As part of this process, terms such as 'assisted reproduction', 'infertility, ‘eligible AR users' and ‘qualified AR service provider' have required definitions. Through four years of multisited ethnographic work at clinics, conferences and online forums, and by analysing media coverage and legal debates around infertility I have charted the introduction and development of AR, and I have tried to understand the process of its assimilation and (re)construction within the Mexican setting. The organisation of this thesis reflects the dynamic complexity with which the different actors have constructed the Mexican AR arena. The thesis begins with a description of the theoretical framework and the methodological rationale, followed by a genealogical analysis of Mexican AR focusing on the elements that made its adoption possible, the transformation of gynaecologists into AR specialists, the establishment of AR clinics and services, and the emergence of two new types of AR specialist: the andrologist and the AR biologist. I then analyse the way AR is framed as a paranatural procedure that imitates nature while simultaneously going beyond it and examine the elements that make up what the community of AR specialists suggest are the major causes for infertility: ‘the age factor' and ‘the male factor'. Finally, I describe the pilgrimage AR users embark on in search of parenthood and their quest for information and support. Understanding the process by which AR has been assimilated and transformed in the Mexican context sheds light on the way techno-science is (re)constructed when it arrives in new settings. In addition, this knowledge has the potential to inform local medical and social practices, and regulatory frameworks in the field.

This thesis puts forward a sociocultural approach to the learning of visual practices for designers and suggests communication tools to help educators and students to engage with practice. It is concerned with the question of how designers’ visual practices are developed and fostered. From prior research in this area it was assumed that designers learn through a linguistic visual literacy approach or, at best, through a critique-based process. However, this study found that learning happens through social interactions and dialogues, which enables reflection on visual practices, informing future visual inquiry. It was found, through the provision of communication tools that externalise visual practices, that students develop into active learners, who can take greater control over their learning. Therefore, the presentation of a sociocultural approach explicitly develops knowledge of visual development, but also offers a more effective learning theory upon which to ground visual pedagogy in design. The study employed a qualitative approach and a strategy of design-based research to externalise the underlying attributes and processes of developing and fostering visual practices through the designing, and testing, of teaching-learning artefacts. This strategy led to the employment of two research phases: design experiments with design students and user testing with design educators. A review of the literature relating to a sociocultural approach led to a design framework (a sociocultural approach, shared understanding, reflective articulation, and critical questioning of visual practices) that informed both the designing and testing during both phases of the research. The design framework was adopted to analyse and code the data gained in two stages: descriptive and pattern coding. Through the discourse of the identified patterns, theoretical descriptions of developmental learning attributes and processes of fostering designers’ visual practices were formed. These descriptions were then interpreted and contextualised in design education, to present a sociocultural approach and characteristics (a shared understanding of, constructive reflection on, and critical evaluation of, visual practices), in the process outlining theoretical and practical knowledge of developing and fostering designers’ visual practices. Through the presentation of this knowledge, this study outlines opportunities to develop new directions in design education; moving from a critique-based process guided by design educators fostering individual development, to a general dialogue facilitated in collaboration with the learning community.

Master of Science
Department of Family Studies and Human Services
Karen S. Myers-Bowman
Young women are influenced by a variety of different messages as they are transitioning from being viewed as little girls to being viewed as young women. While women of all ages can experience dissatisfaction with their bodies and appearance, this is especially common during the time when girls are entering into adolescence, adjusting to their changing bodies, and trying to develop a sense of who they are as an individual. Our society today has placed a significant importance on thinness and young women are bombarded with messages presenting them with an unattainable level of thinness as society‘s ideal. This paper describes adolescent development, looks at the sociocultural influences (family, peers, and media) that impact young women‘s body image, presents prevention and intervention programs that have been used with young women, and provides recommendations for family life educators on how to educate parents on the messages their daughters are being sent and provides them with suggestions on how to talk with their daughters about these messages.

Despite the emergence of a multitude of linguistic phenomena with the spread of computer-mediated communication (CMC), research interest has mostly related to English rather than to languages from other national cohorts, such as Greece, a society known for its distinct attachment to language and its symbolic values, and which has recently experienced the spread of CMC. Hence, this study has sought to investigate the linguistic and sociocultural implications of `Greeklish', an untapped area of scholarly research, which denotes the use of the Roman alphabet to transliterate Greek in CMC, hopefully helping to illuminate similar situations outside this context. On the basis of an initial exploratory e-mail survey, Greeklish emerged as a complex phenomenon which pertains mainly to issues such as: its linguistic nature in relation to Greek, the stances towards its use and its transliteration system. The use of the electronic questionnaire proved suitable for this stage but not sufficient to address all the questions brought to the fore. Consequently, a detailed analysis of the linguistic make-up of authentic Greek and Greeklish e-mails in two respective corpora followed, which analysed the distribution of foreign language material, elements of informal register, register markers and the different transliteration patterns. Despite the lack of a very coherent pattern, the use of Greeklish appeared to be more conducive to the activation of devices of simplification, informality and tolerance to linguistic deviance. The analysis of transliteration practices verified previously recognised tendencies towards the 'phonetic' and the `orthographic' orientation. Finally, a more contextualised approach was employed, where 29 Greek e-mail users participated in face-to-face interviews and an online sentence verification experiment. The interviews uncovered Greeklish as a case of `marginal digraphia', a culture-specific code with a functional specification towards informality, defying standardisation and allowing structural and spelling creativity. As for the online experiment, it adduced some initial evidence about the significance of the `visual/orthographic route' in reading of Greek, while, when combining the results from the interview reports and the experimental findings, there appeared an incipient profile of the `orthographic Greeklish user', i. e. the prolific e-mail writer who transliterates Greeklish orthographically and addressesth e phenomenona s linguistically and culturally challenging.

This research analyzes the influence of cartoons in the constitution of pro-environmental behaviors of children (six to eleven years old). The aim was to identify and understand children's opinions, beliefs and explanations regarding environmental cartoons. The central themes researched were the notions of sustainability, conservation, preservation and future of the planet. Ethnomethodology was the theoretical-methodological approach adopted for the development of the research. Methodological procedures involved strategies common to ethnomethodology: disruption experiments, studies done by researchers of their own practices and their creation of meaning, use of field methods to study natural situations and record and transcribe ordinary activities. The main data collection instruments used were: direct observation, participant observation, informal conversations, interviews, video recordings, projection of recorded material for the research participants themselves, audio recordings, field notes, as well as discussions with the participants. The results pointed out that the television media is a means of communication of recurrent use among children. Thus, it is explicit that, children like and watch cartoons of environmental themes, critically analyze the conduct in defense and/or conservation of the environment in each episode and refer to the actions of characters in daily life. Finally, cartoons exert influence on the construction of environmental self-reference and on the dissemination of pro-environmental behavior to the target public investigated.
O objeto de estudo dessa pesquisa é a influência de desenhos animados na constituição de condutas pró-ambientais de crianças com idade entre seis a onze anos. Buscou-se identificar e compreender opiniões, crenças e explicações de crianças em relação aos desenhos animados de temática ambiental. Os temas centrais pesquisados foram as noções de sustentabilidade, conservação, preservação e futuro do planeta. A Etnometodologia foi a abordagem teórico- metodológica adotada para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram estratégias comuns à Etnometodologia: experimentos de desarrumação, estudos feitos pelos pesquisadores de suas próprias práticas e sua criação de sentido, utilização de métodos de campo para estudar situações naturais e gravar e transcrever atividades ordinárias. Os principais instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram: observação direta, observação participante, conversas informais, entrevistas, gravações em vídeo, projeção do material gravado para os próprios participantes da pesquisa, gravações em áudio, notas de campo, além de debates com os participantes. Os resultados apontaram que a mídia televisiva é um meio de comunicação de uso recorrente entre as crianças. Desse modo, explicita-se que, as crianças gostam e assistem desenhos animados de temática ambiental, analisam criticamente as condutas em defesa e/ou conservação do meio ambiente em cada episódio e fazem referência às ações de personagens no cotidiano. Por fim, os desenhos animados exercem influências na construção da autorreferência ambiental e na disseminação de condutas pró-ambientais para o público alvo investigado.

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The Amazonian Championship Peladas occurs 40 years ago in the city of Manaus, among the six existing categories - Naked Guy, Main category; Peladinho; Naked Guy Master; Naked Guy Male; Naked Guy Indigenous and Indigenous Male Female Naked Guy - pay attention in this work in two indigenous categories. With the principal of research which sociocultural factors that contribute to the Championship Peladas of Indigenous Peoples goal - Indigenous Naked Guy - remains the main ethnic and cultural-sports event in Manaus. Qualitative research with interdisciplinary support in Physics, Sociology and Anthropology, Education sciences was performed through field research and interviews conducted with leading teams and at least one player from each team who had already participated in at least half of editions. Was also interviewed on two occasions Mr. Arnaldo Santos current event coordinator. As a result it was found that the success and continuity of the event within indigenous categories, is reinforced by presenting a scenario of strong ethno-cultural representation. Also offers participants the opportunity to practical leisure easily assimilated, football.
O Campeonato Amazonense de Peladas ocorre há 40 anos, na cidade de Manaus, dentre as seis categorias existentes – Peladão, categoria principal; Peladinho; Peladão Master; Peladão Feminino; Peladão Indígena Masculino e Peladão Indígena Feminino – nos atentamos neste trabalho nas duas categorias indígenas. Com o objetivo principal de pesquisar quais os fatores socioculturais que concorrem para que o Campeonato de Peladas dos Povos Indígenas - Peladão Indígena - se mantenha como principal evento étnico-desportivo e cultural em Manaus. A pesquisa qualitativa de caráter interdisciplinar com apoio nas ciências da Educação Física, Sociologia e Antropologia, foi executada através de pesquisa de campo e entrevista realizada com os lideres dos times e pelo menos um jogador de cada time que já houvesse participado em pelo menos metade das edições. Também foi entrevistado em dois momentos o Sr. Arnaldo Santos atual coordenador do evento. Como resultado foi constatado que o sucesso e continuidade do evento dentro das categorias indígenas, se reforça por apresentar um forte cenário de representatividade étnico-cultural. Também oferece aos participantes a oportunidade de uma prática de lazer de fácil assimilação, o futebol.

Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Sociais, especialização em Sociologia.
A temática abordada pela pesquisa visa à apresentação e a análise de uma nova proposta pedagógica, partindo do ensinamento de Chiara Lubich: A Pedagogia da Unidade. A atuação direta da autora na área educacional vocacionou-a e motivou-a para a análise da referida proposta e para sua aplicabilidade Para o conhecimento do pensamento de Chiara Lubich, buscamos de modo especial, os seus escritos, cartas, entrevistas, fragmentos extraídos de seus discursos em várias ocasiões, livros de sua autoria, testemunhos, etc. Nossa opção pela consulta no referido material, fundamentou-se no fato de que o mesmo, nos permitiria o contato direto com a fonte, sem a influência de análises e interpretações de terceiros. Em termos empíricos apresentamos cinco, dos vários projetos e iniciativas socioeducativas, desenvolvidos em diversas regiões brasileiras que surgiram a partir do pensamento da autora. As análises da “aplicação” prática da Pedagogia da Unidade em relação às várias correntes pedagógicas, nos mostraram a importância de considerar uma nova forma de pensar, aplicar e criar educação, isto é, a educação como processo e não como realidade estática e limitada pelos muros de uma instituição. As análises nos permitiram ainda detectar que a originalidade e novidade da proposta consistem em colocar na base da ação educativa os valores humanos, isto é, o diálogo aberto, a fraternidade, a solidariedade, a paz, a partilha, a reciprocidade, conceitos que fomos trabalhando, para melhor explicitação do seu sentido. O pensamento pedagógico de Chiara Lubich, forneceu um entendimento próprio da educação e um impulso para a ação educativa, numa perspectiva de desenvolvimento socioeducativo. Porém, entendemos também que este deveria tornar-se linguagem universalmente compreensível, deveria transformar-se em cultura. Por isso nos propusemos ousar uma reflexão sobre o rico patrimônio de pensamento e experiências para delinear novas pedagogias (porque a Pedagogia da Unidade é um exercício em permanente reformulação) surgidas do seu legado. Considerando este pressuposto, sugerimos horizontes, propostas, perspectivas e recomendações para investigações a continuar. This research aims to present and analyse a new pedagogical proposal which is based on Chiara Lubich’s teachings: The Pedagogy of Unity. The author’s direct role on education has motivated her to put this proposal into practice. This research is based on her speeches, books and testimonies in order to reach full knowledge of Chiara Lubich’s teachings. Such reference in this study enabled direct contact with the source, without third parties’ influence or interpretations. Five, among the various projects and socio educational initiatives based on the author’s philosophy and developed in many of the Brazilian regions, are presented in this research. The analysis of the Pedagogy of Unity put into practice in relation to the various pedagogical philosophies brought into light the importance of taking into consideration a new way of thinking, applying and creating education, that is, education rather as a process than a still reality limited by the walls of an institution. Such study led to point out that the originality and the novelty of this proposal consist on human values, that is, the open dialog, brotherhood, solidarity, peace, sharing and reciprocity as the foundation of an educational action. Chiara Lubich’s pedagogical thinking offered a new understanding on education and an impulse to the educational action, on a socio educational development perspective. However, this research shows that this should become a universal language and should be transformed into culture. Hence the proposal of a reflexion over the rich and extensive legacy of thoughts and experiences in order to define new pedagogies (since the Pedagogy of Unity is in constant reformulation) which has their roots on the Pedagogy of Unity. After taking into consideration all the above, new proposals, perspectives and recommendations are suggested for further studies on this matter. La thématique abordée par la recherche a comme but la présentation et l’analyse d’une nouvelle proposition pédagogique, à partir de l’enseignement de Chiara Lubich : La Pédagogie de l’Unité. L’actuation directe de l’auteur dans le champ éducationel l’a vocationnée e l’a motivée à l’analyse de la proposition referée et à son applicabilité. Pour la connaissance de la pensée de Chiara Lubich, nous cherchons en particulier, ses textes, lettres, interviews, fragments extraits de ses discours dans des différentes ocasions, ses livres, témoignages, etc. Notre option par la consultation du matériel reféré s’appuie sur le fait que lui même, nous permetterait le contact direct avec la source, sans l’influence d’analyses ou d’interprétations de tiers. Du point de vue empirique nous en présentons cinq parmi les plusieurs projets et initiatives socioéducatives, dévéloppés dans les différentes régions brésiliennes qui sont nés à partir des pensées de l`auteur. Les analyses de « l’application » pratique de La Pédagogie de l’Unité, par rapport à plusieurs courants pédagogiques, nous ont montré l’importance de considérer une nouvelle manière de penser, appliquer et créer éducation, c’est à dire, l’éducation comme un processus et non comme une réalité statique et limitée par les murs d’une institution. Les analyses nous ont en outre permis de détecter que l’originalité et la nouveauté de la proposition consistent de mettre à la base de l’action éducative les valeurs humains, c’est à dire, le dialogue ouvert, la fraternité, la solidarité, la paix, le partage, la réciprocité, concepts que nous avons travaillé pour mieux expliciter leur sens. La pensée pédagogique de Chiara Lubich a fourni une compréhension spécifique de l’éducation et un élan pour l’action éducative, dans une perspective de développement socioéducatif. Néanmoins, nous comprenons aussi que cela devrait devenir un langage universellement compréhensible, devrait se transformer en culture. De cette manière nous nous sommes proposés oser une réflexion sur le riche patrimoine de pensée et d’expériences pour tracer de nouvelles pédagogies (car la Pédagogie de l’Unité est un exercice en permanente réformulation), nées de ce qui nous a été laissé par Chiara Lubich. En considérant ce présupposé, nous suggérons des horizonts, des propositions, des perspectives et des racommendations pour les investigations futures.

This study employed a model of basic qualitative research which explored teachers’ pedagogical responses to the unique cultural gaps they experienced in schools where most students were of minority cultural identity. Eight teachers who self-identified as majority culture identity formed the sample group for this study. Semistructured interviews were used to collect their insights regarding their pedagogical decision making they used with the students in the school where they were teaching. Additionally, teachers shared what they described were culturally responsive curriculum samples and then provided a reflection on how they implemented this curriculum. The data showed that these teachers understood the value of providing a culturally responsive pedagogy in their classrooms. Despite this, for numerous reasons, teachers struggled to develop and then apply culturally responsive pedagogy that aligned with models described in literature.

Mestrado em Ciências da Educação - Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária
Actualmente, nas sociedades ocidentais, caracterizadas por um fortematerialismo e uma crescente preocupação com a produtividade económica, avelhice é encarada como algo negativo, associado à diminuição dascapacidades físicas e mentais, ao contrário dos povos antigos que viam avelhice como sinal de sabedoria e experiência. Este é um trabalhoque se debruça sobre um contexto cuja visibilidade educativa se caracteriza, muitas vezes, pela sua invisibilidade social –os centros de dia e lares para idosos. Foi a partir da reflexão teórica sobre avelhice nas sociedades contemporâneas e as implicações que se definem em torno da educação das gerações mais velhas, que se elaborou este trabalho. A investigação realizada teve por objectivo analisar a realidade socialde um grupo de 8 idosos entre os 70 e os 90 anos institucionalizados numaIPSS (Instituição Particular de Solidariedade Social). As técnicas de recolha dedados privilegiadas foram a observação participante e as entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Alicerçado na investigação participativa e enquadrado nastécnicas da animação sociocultural o projecto de intervenção foi desenhado tendo em conta os problemas identificados pelos sujeitos ao nível da animaçãosociocultural. Com este projecto de intervenção comunitária pretendemos promovera participação activa dos idosos por via da animação sociocultural, privilegiando os idosos como sujeitos co-construtores do mesmo. ABSTRACT: Currently, in occidental societies, characterized by a strong materialism and a growing preoccupation with economic productivity, old age is seen assomething negative, associated with decreased physical and mental abilities,unlike the ancients who saw old age as a sign of wisdom and experience. This is awork that focuses on an educational context whose visibility ischaracterized often by its social invisibility –the day centers and nursing homes. It was from a theoretical reflection on old age in contemporary societiesand the implications that are defined around the education of older generations, that we produced this work. The research aimed to analyse the social reality of a group of eightelderly people between 70 and 90 years institutionalized in IPSS (PrivateInstitution of Social Solidarity). The techniques of data collection were participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Grounded in participatory action research and framed in the techniques of social-cultural animation, the project was designed taking into account the problems identified by the subjects. With this project of community intervention we intend to promote an active participation of the elderly, favoring them as co-constructors of it. We believe we have contributed to the personal and social development of older people in order to improve their quality of life, increasing their self-esteem trough the process of participation.

For people in Sweden one of the favourites places to go on vacation is Spain. It is warm, inexpensive and they like Spanish culture, this helps explain why the Spanish language is so popular in schools in Sweden. To learn a foreign language means more than learning how to speak and writing, it also means learning about the culture of that language because the culture is intrinsically related to the language. Additionally, is very significant as teacher to give your students the knowledge of sociocultural of Spanish speaking countries, the knowledge of the world and in this way create multicultural students. For this reason, we decided to do a quantitative research about what sociocultural topics are thought in the classroom in Lulea (Sweden) and how teachers are developing multiculturalism in their students. As result of our work we can mention that teachers include sociocultural topics in their classes but there are certain sociocultural subjects that are not taught, we could also confirm that the textbook has many gaps in sociocultural subjects.

La recherche explore les liens existants entre le vécu socioculturel et le fonctionnement psychique des femmes qui demandent une aide psychologique à Alger-Centre. Nous avons démarré par l’idée que le vécu traditionnel pèse lourdement sur le fonctionnement psychique. La problématique de ce travail a été posée ainsi : quelles seraient les liens de cause à effet entre le vécu socioculturel et le fonctionnement psychique des femmes souffrantes ? Les hypothèses de travail supposent que le vécu socioculturel pourrait favoriser un fonctionnement hystéro-phobique. Méthodologie : Ce travail s’inscrit dans un référentiel psychanalytique. La population d’étude est de 100 femmes, toutes soumises à l’étude par un entretien clinique et un test projectif. Résultats : la majorité des femmes présente un fonctionnement hystéro-phobique. Elles ont toutes une fragilité du moi avec un besoin de dépendance. Elles ont, dans leur ensemble, une difficulté à assumer ou vivre les désirs, notamment ceux relatifs à la sexualité. Ceci confirme la prégnance d’une forte répression qui pèse lourdement sur leur fonctionnement psychique
The research explores the links existing between a sociocultural experience and the psychological functioning of women that request psychological assistance in downtown Algiers. We have started our reflection from the idea that women’s experience in a traditional environment has a significant influence on their psychological functioning. The issue of this research was formulated as follows: what is the cause and effect relationship between the sociocultural experience and the psychological functioning of the suffering women? Our working hypotheses assume that the sociocultural experience could contribute to a hystero- phobic functioning. Methodology: this work is carried out within a psychoanalytical research framework. The study population was composed of 100 women, all subjected to a clinical interview and a projective test. Results: most of the women had a hystero-phobic functioning. They all have a weak self and a need to depend on someone else. Most of them have a difficulty to admit or to live desires, especially sexual desires. This confirms the strength of a powerful repression that heavily influences their psychological functioning

^{With the advent of globalisation driving the People.s Republic of China to embrace its future, the local government has shown great enthusiasm promulgating one of the oldest industries. Foreign higher educational providers that operate in China through the mode of joint venture cooperatives between a Chinese and foreign institution of higher learning are becoming increasingly .knowledgeable-hungry. public or private universities and colleges. Such operations commonly known as Sino-foreign educational cooperatives}

^{(SFEC), are hotly spawned on the mainland, enrolling Chinese students through the division of responsibilities, roles and resources. The Chinese party is mostly responsible for the hardware support, supplying facilities and logistics as the part of the bargain, whereas the foreign party provides the intellectual software of academic programs. The locus of this qualitative study aims to present and investigate a distinct phenomenon of learning in SFEC through the theories of sociocultural perspective encumbered in a transitional context; Sino-foreign (SF) graduates to other workplace communities. Without common interests of social interaction, co-participation, and transformation, SFEC are often discredited due to various factors. The learning aims will feature participative and transformative themes that feature qualitative and interpretive methods. Thus, this research involves interviewing four relevant participants from the likes of two Chinese nationals and two non-Chinese, and how they view learning in SFEC applied to a transitional context, the workplace. My furtherance of analysis will generally stress learning, co-participation and transformative learning in activities that circumvents discriminatory elements of artifacts, identity profiling, relationships, commitment and workplace employment for the necessary transition. In the initial research phase, it did seem that putting learning into community practice in China was essential. In the closing stages, thoughts will flow to the legitimisation of participative and transformative learning, which forms the backdrop of this original theme of research gathered through previous works of similar purview. Prawatt and Floden (1994) remark that knowledge, and the belief that knowledge is the result of social interaction and language usage, and thus is a shared, rather than an individual, experience. Presumably, my chosen theories frame the interactive and shared communal nature of the Chinese society and learning systems.}

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This qualitative study explored the experience of professional transition from student to practitioner among six Canadian occupational therapists in the first year of their career, with a focus on how beginning practitioners learn about doing practice. A sociocultural theory of learning provided the framework to understand the role of context and activity in learning. Data collection consisted of two semi-structured interviews and a series of journal entries. An initial interview was conducted with each participant beginning in their third to fifth month of practice to discover their perception of transition, their learning needs, and the role of collaborative interactions in supporting their learning. Each participant then maintained a journal of their experience of transition and their learning experiences for one month A second interview was held with the participants in their eighth to tenth month of practice, which focussed on their change in knowledge and skills. The transitional experiences of the research participants revealed that the support of colleagues and peers was critical to their learning and eased their adjustment to practice. They preferred to learn from an experienced occupational therapist, and the availability of this support influenced the new practitioners' choice of their first job. In their initial months of practice they struggled with their lack of practical experience, responsibilities of client care, challenges to client-centred practice and competing work demands. Their relationship with clients was particularly valuable to the participants' learning and professional identity. Mentoring and implementing practical learning experiences in the university curriculum were suggested as strategies for easing the transition from student to therapist. The role of client interaction as a valuable source of learning was also recognized.

It s in adolescence that individuals construct many of the values that will have repercussions in their behavior and can bring significant consequences for their lifes. The teenager becomes vulnerable to influences socio-cultural, which can be viewed in many different transformations that individualize the adolescent process. In this study it is noteworthy relating to sexuality, which is understood as an event produced and manifested by values and arising meaning, from sociocultural components, and is related to several aspects of life manifesting itself through the network of meanings of social group, providing every expression on sex. From the foregoing [,]this study aimed to understand how the socio-cultural aspects influence the sexuality of a group of adolescent women. Therefore, was developed a descriptive field study with a qualitative approach. The scenario was a public school in Santa Maria / RS, and nine female adolescents participated in the study enrolled in that school. Data collection occurred during the months of June and July 2012 through focus groups. For the data analysis was used the thematic analysis. The realization of study was authorized by the school and approved by the Research Ethics UFSM. Results emerge in four categories: The agencies of socialization in the sociocultural construction of sexuality in adolescence- where they discussed about the family and school, which are some agencies of socialization of teenagers in the socialization processes become effective; Living the differences: the perception of teenagers about the female and male sex - this category has clarified the association that teenagers do in relation to their sexuality and treatment of this by parents and society, and has unveiled some topics about the doubts and myths that intersected the sexuality; Being a teenager - losses and gains - where they were presented from the cultural perspectives, the feelings of adolescents with relation to changes of adolescence, about friendships, freedom, responsibility, maturity, their uncertainties, learning, caring relationships, bodily changes and alterations of the social roles; The symbols and meanings of sexuality for teenagers - In that category was approached meanings that sexuality through the adolescents point of view. The findings indicate the importance of knowing the sociocultural context in which it builds the sexuality of teenagers so that nurses can contribute to effective strategies and contextualized in the process of adolescence.
É na fase da adolescência que os indivíduos constroem muitos dos valores que repercutirão no seu comportamento e poderão trazer consequências significativas para sua vida. O adolescente torna-se vulnerável às influências socioculturais, as quais podem ser visualizadas nas mais diversas transformações que singularizam o processo de adolescer. Ressaltam-se, neste estudo, as relativas à sexualidade, que é entendida como um evento produzido e manifestado por valores e significados advindos dos componentes socioculturais, e está relacionada a diversos aspectos da vida, manifestando-se por meio da rede de significados do grupo social específico, facultando toda expressão relativa ao sexo. A partir do exposto, este estudo teve como objetivo compreender como os aspectos socioculturais influenciam na sexualidade de um grupo de mulheres adolescentes. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de campo descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. O cenário foi uma escola pública de Santa Maria/RS, e participaram do estudo nove adolescentes do sexo feminino matriculadas na referida escola. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de junho e julho de 2012 por meio de grupos focais. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a análise temática. A realização do estudo foi autorizada pela escola e aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFSM. Nos resultados emergiram quatro categorias: As agências de socialização na construção sociocultural da sexualidade na adolescência onde se discutiu acerca da família e da escola, que são algumas agências de socialização das adolescentes em que os processos de socialização se efetivam; Vivenciando as diferenças: a percepção das adolescentes sobre o sexo feminino e o masculino essa categoria clarificou a associação que as adolescentes fazem em relação à sua sexualidade e ao tratamento desta pelos pais e sociedade, bem como desvelou alguns tópicos sobre as dúvidas e os mitos que tangenciam a sexualidade; Ser adolescente perdas e ganhos onde foram apresentados, sob a ótica cultural, os sentimentos das adolescentes com relação às modificações da adolescência, quanto a amizades, liberdade, responsabilidade, maturidade, suas incertezas, aprendizados, relacionamentos afetivos, alterações corporais e alterações dos papéis sociais; Os símbolos e significados da sexualidade para as adolescentes nessa categoria abordaram-se os significados que a sexualidade assumiu ao olhar das adolescentes. Os achados indicam a importância de se conhecer o contexto sociocultural em que se constrói a sexualidade das adolescentes para que os enfermeiros possam contribuir com estratégias contextualizadas e efetivas no processo do adolescer.

The research of competence of specialists working in a field of social and cultural diversity was made in Lithuania and Ukraine. We have used the questionnaire of European Council (The Research of European Council concerning Teacher Training and Diversity) in our research. The aim of the research was: to reveal the level of management of sociocultural diversity of Lithuanian and Ukrainian socioeducational assistants. The results of researches where described from the contexts of sociocultural diversity, training of specialists and perspectives of training. Question of management of sociocultural diversity training professionals of socioeducational assistance – is an actual question of XXI century, and the level of training of specialists on this topic is quite low. The basic curricula of these future specialists have to be created regarding the calls of XXI century – global and multicultural society, integration and socialization.
Darbe, panaudojus Europos Tarybos klausimyną, buvo ištirtos dvi Europos šalys (Vakarų ir Rytų Europos – Lietuva ir Ukraina) sociokultūrinės įvairovės valdymo bei profesionalų rengimo aukštosiose mokyklose aspektais. Tyrimo tikslas yra iliustruoti, pateikiant konkrečius pavyzdžius, tikrąją mokytojų rengimo padėtį sociokultūrinės įvairovės aspektu. Tyrimo rezultatai buvo apžvelgiami iš sociokultūrinės įvairovės valdymo ir specialistų rengimo kontekstų bei perspektyvos. Sociokultūrinės įvairovės valdymas rengiant profesionalus socioedukacinei pagalbai yra aktualus XXI amžiaus klausimas, o specialistų rengimo lygis yra pakankamai neaukštas. Šios srities specialistų studijų programos turi būti sudaromos atsižvelgiant į XXI amžiaus iššūkius – globalią bei daugiakultūrę visuomenę.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This present dissertation aims a new look at Parintins Folk Festival, that is, turning to educational and social cultural aspects of the feast, proposing a discussion around it. At first, it broaches the Festival as cultural manifestation thru social voice cause it's a way people express ways of thinking, acting and doing their day by day activities. In this way, it analyses the Festival contribuitions to improve on the sociocultural and educational condictions of the town as it has been, since the last decades, the one which makes use of denunciation to the socio environmental problems and also helps Parintins development, mainly, this has contributed towards the construction of a cultural identity by means of culture and informations, which are spread in the three days of performances. Then it approaches the historical transformations in which the boi bumbá has passed since it used to perform on streets and now inside the arena. There has been a fun spectacularization and a new symbolic significance expressed by that entertainment as well as put more emphasis on the indian figure to the Amazon Folklore. Mostly it considers the importance and contribution of this Festival in the school field, as the school daily routine has changed itself as consequence of this festivity. In a sense, the school should explore the boi bumba chants as educational instrument to help the construction of the popular and scientific knowledge.
A presente dissertação propõe um novo olhar sobre o Festival Folclórico de Parintins, isto é, volta-se para os aspectos socioculturais e educacionais da festa, propondo uma discussão acerca da mesma. Inicialmente, aborda o Festival como manifestação cultural, sendo visto como voz social, pois é uma maneira do povo expressar sua cultura, seu modo de pensar, agir, fazer e realizar suas atividades do dia a dia. Dessa maneira, analisa as contribuições desse Festival para melhoria das condições socioculturais e educacionais do município, pois é uma festa que nas últimas décadas serve de denúncias dos problemas socioambientais e também auxilia no desenvolvimento de Parintins e, principalmente, vem contribuindo para a construção de uma identidade cultural, por meio da cultura e de informações, que são divulgadas durante os três dias de espetáculo. Em seguida, aborda as transformações históricas pelas quais o boi passou, pois deixou de ser de rua e passou a ser de arena, havendo uma espetacularização da brincadeira e ressignificação simbólica, bem como inserindo com mais ênfase a figura do indígena ao folclore amazônico. Principalmente, reflete sobre a importância e contribuição desse Festival no campo escolar, pois a própria escola tem sua rotina alterada em virtude dessa festividade. Nesse sentido, aconselha-se que a escola explore as toadas do boi como instrumento pedagógico para auxiliar na construção do conhecimento científico aliado ao conhecimento popular.

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Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
This present dissertation is the product of a research about the application of games and jokes in the childlike education. Elements found in all the societies, healthy integral of the worthy assembly that cross generations, carry enjoyment and please, examples of conduct and standards of behavior. The objective of this study is going to verify like the application of the game and of the joke interferes in the trial of education-learning, helping the assimilation of contents and the formation of the knowledge of infants in preschool age. The contextualization of the game as social phenomenon, defended by theoreticians of the Education, does not permit to mere simplistic vision of the game characterized by the leisure and entertainment. It is necessary mature approach, in that sociocultural panoramas detach the relevance of playful in the assimilation of the contents. Falls to teachers to adequate application of these instruments in the classroom. His action is eyeliner of the trial of formation of the knowledge. Is stimulated by compatible games with his age, the infant develops the creativity and interacts with the world to the its around, understanding diverse situations and transforming itself in agent of its own development.
A presente dissertação é o produto de uma pesquisa sobre a aplicação de jogos e brincadeiras na educação infantil. Elementos encontrados em todas as sociedades, são integrantes do conjunto de valores que transpassam gerações, carregam divertimento e prazer, exemplos de conduta e padrões de comportamento. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar como a aplicação do jogo e da brincadeira interfere no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, auxiliando a assimilação de conteúdos e a formação do conhecimento de crianças em idade pré-escolar. A contextualização do jogo como fenômeno social, defendida por teóricos da Pedagogia, não permite a mera visão simplista do jogo caracterizado pelo lazer e entretenimento. É necessária abordagem madura, em que panoramas socioculturais destaquem a relevância da ludicidade na assimilação de conteúdos. Cabe ao professor a adequada aplicação destes instrumentos na sala de aula. Sua atuação é delineadora do processo de formação do conhecimento. Impulsionada por jogos compatíveis com sua idade, a criança desenvolve a criatividade e interage com o mundo ao seu redor, compreendendo situações diversas e transformando-se em agente de seu próprio desenvolvimento.

La investigación contribuye al proceso de rescate de un proceso tradicional relacionado a la alimentación, siendo ésta uno de los factores fundamentales para mantener la salud comunitaria; su estudio es de interés para analizar los cambios que se han presentado en los últimos años en la agricultura campesina familiar. El objetivo de establecer la percepción sociocultural en torno al maíz hibrido vs maíz criollo, considerando a este último un cultivo representativo en México desde su siembra hasta su transformación, con la preparación de platillos de la alimentación tradicional. La obtención de la información se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y sesiones grupales dirigidas a productores de maíz y cocineras regionales tradicionales, Los resultados muestran que con la siembra de maíz criollo los productores generan un arraigo cultural, considerando a la familia como el eje central para su conservación, por medio de la transmisión del conocimiento, en contraparte con el maíz hibrido, los productores han incrementado factores económicos por lo cual es aceptado por cubrir las necesidades familiares. Por otro lado, las cocineras tradicionales se reúsan a emplear el maíz híbrido en la preparación de alimentos considerándolo no apto para el proceso de nixtamalización tradicional. Lo anterior debido a que la población considera que tiene un bajo valor nutrimental por lo cual no puede suplir al maíz criollo. La investigación no reporta datos nutricionales comparativos de las variedades de maíz criollas e híbridas empleadas en la zona de estudio. Como conclusión, el maíz criollo se ha tornado vulnerable frente al ingreso de semillas mejoradas genéticamente provocando una separación generacional entre los productores más jóvenes frente a los productores de edad avanzada, así como la aceptación en el consumo local.

O reconhecimento e a valorização de mecanismos extrajudiciais de resolução de conflitos em Moçambique, bem como em outros países Africanos têm sido, nos últimos anos, uma realidade.2 Isso se deve, por um lado, à grande diversidade sociocultural e jurídica dos países africanos em que coexistem ordens locais e infra-estatais (normas consuetudinárias) com o direito estatal e, por outro lado, pela inadequação do paradigma normativo Estatal vigente, imposta pela colonização com à realidade sóciocultural. É assim que as sociedades Africanas hoje têm optado por uma organização pluralista como forma de respeito à identidade cultural dos povos e adequação dos sistemas jurídicos a realidade sócio-cultural do país. Segundo o professor Erik Jayme, o pluralismo é uma das novas tendências que caracterizam a cultura pós-moderna no Direito, juntamente com a comunicação, a narração, o retorno dos sentimentos e a valorização dos direitos humanos. Os tribunais comunitários (Lei 4/92) e a nova lei da família (10/2004) em Moçambique representam uma dessas novas tendências na medida em que são instrumentos que favorecem o acesso à justiça e ao direito ao cidadão e estão relacionados à idéia de pluralismo de fontes, da fragmentação, de comunicação através do dialogo das fontes e favorecem a garantia dos direitos humanos. Propõe-se, assim, a análise do pluralismo jurídico como paradigma mais adequado à realidade sociocultural de Moçambique, demonstrando que os Tribunais comunitários criados pela lei 4/92 e a nova lei da família (lei 10/2004) representam o novo lugar da justiça no país, no contexto da pós-modernidade.

Mestrado em Ensino de Português no 3º ciclo de Ensino Básico e Secundário e de Espanhol no Ensino Básico e Secundário
O Relatório Final de Estágio que agora apresentamos foi elaborado a partir de um projeto de investigação-ação, desenvolvido na componente de formação da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, que teve como principais objetivos aprofundar o nosso conhecimento sobre aspetos socioculturais, enquanto estratégia para contribuir para o desenvolvimento nos nossos alunos de uma consciência crítica sociocultural, implementar e investigar essa mesma estratégia junto de uma turma de espanhol do 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (8.º ano). Realizámos um estudo de caso. Privilegiámos, como instrumentos de recolha de dados, a observação, dois inquéritos por questionário, em momentos diferentes, intercalados com os trabalhos realizados pelos alunos, participantes no projeto. Os resultados permitiram-nos observar a evolução cognitiva dos alunos; estes desenvolveram uma maior consciência crítica, com espírito mais aberto a novos conhecimentos culturais, através da comparação das diferentes festividades, tradições e crenças entre países hispânicos.
Este Informe Final de Práctica Docente que ahora presentamos es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación – acción, desarrollado en el ámbito del componente de formación de la Práctica Docente Supervisada, que tuvo como objetivos principales profundizar nuestro conocimiento sobre aspectos socioculturales, como una estrategia para ayudar a desarrollar en nuestros alumnos una conciencia crítica sociocultural y poder aplicar e investigar dicha estrategia con un grupo de estudiantes de español de 8º (equivalente a 2.º de E.S.O). Realizamos un estudio de caso. Dimos prioridad, como instrumentos de recolección de datos, a la observación, dos cuestionarios en diferentes momentos intercalados con los trabajos realizados por los alumnos, participantes en el proyecto. Los resultados nos permitieron observar la evolución del conocimiento de los alumnos, quienes lograron una conciencia más crítica con un espíritu abierto a los nuevos conocimientos culturales, a través de la comparación de las diferentes festividades, tradiciones y creencias entre los países hispánicos.
The final traineeship report we now present was written based on an investigation-action project developed in the training component of Supervised Teaching Practice, that had as main objectives to study in depth our knowledge about socio-cultural aspects as a strategy to contribute to the development of a critical socio-cultural conscience in our students, and to implement and investigate that same strategy in a Spanish class in the 8th year (2nd year of secondary education). We have carried out a case study. As instruments of data gathering we have privileged observation, two inquiries by questionnaire in different moments interspersed with the works done by the students, participants in the project. The results allowed us to observe the cognitive evolution of the students that became more critically aware, more open-minded about new cultural knowledge through the comparison of different festivities, traditions, beliefs among Hispanic countries.

Body modification practices have become notably prevalent in the western world creating a need to re-evaluate the motivational factors that drive an individual to these practices and redefine how they are categorized in the psychology profession. Exploring the relationship between life events, age, gender, religiosity, personality type, and how these factors relate to the motivation to engage in various levels of body modification appears to be an approach less prevalent in the current literature. The goal of this study was to answer the main research question: Do the variables age, gender, life events, religiosity, and personality type collectively predict level of self-reported body modification? This study was non-experimental, utilizing self-report assessments to collect necessary data. Participants completed the assessments in person while attending a conference specifically for body art professionals. Data was analyzed quantitatively with IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23 software package using a multiple regression analysis. The variables age, gender, and spirituality were omitted from the regression analysis due to smaller than desired sample size. Personality type and life events served as the predictor variables with dimensions of body modification serving as the outcome variable with three categories: dimension of tattoos, quantity of piercings and quantity of extreme modifications defined as surgical procedures done outside of a medical setting by someone outside of the medical profession. Results indicated no correlation between the variables with the exception of quantity of extreme modifications and life events, which resulted in a statistically significant relationship. Suggestions for future study include replicating this study using a similar population but with a larger sample size to provide results that can be generalized across the body modification community.