Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Socio-technical analysis'
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Simpson, Robbie. "Formalised responsibility modelling for automated socio-technical systems analysis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8495/.
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Modelling the structure of social-technical systems as a basis for informing software system design is a difficult compromise. Formal methods struggle to capture the scale and complexity of the heterogeneous organisations that use technical systems. Conversely, informal approaches lack the rigour needed to inform the software design and construction process or enable automated analysis. We revisit the concept of responsibility modelling, which models social technical systems as a collection of actors who discharge their responsibilities, whilst using and producing resources in the process. In this thesis responsibility modelling is formalised as a structured approach for socio-technical system specification and modelling, with well-defined semantics and support for automated structure and validity analysis. We provide structured definitions for entity types and relations, and define the semantics of delegation and dependency. A constraint logic is introduced, providing simple specification of complex interactions between entities. Additionally, we introduce the ability to explicitly model uncertainty. To support this formalism, we present a new software toolkit that supports modelling and automatic analysis of responsibility models in both graphical and textual form. The new methodology is validated by applying it to case studies across different problem domains. A study of nuclear power station emergency planning is validated by comparison to a similar study performed with earlier forms of responsibility modelling, and a study of the TCAS mid-air collision avoidance system is validated by evaluation with domain experts. Additionally, we perform an explorative study of responsibility modelling understanding and applicability through a qualitative study of modellers.
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Greenwood, David. "Socio-technical analysis of system-of-systems using responsibility modelling." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3176.
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Society is challenging systems engineers by demanding increasingly complex and integrated IT systems (Northrop et al., 2006; RAE, 2004) e.g. integrated enterprise resource planning systems, integrated healthcare systems and business critical services provisioned using cloud based resources. These types of IT system are often systems-of-systems (SoS). That is to say they are composed of multiple systems that are operated and managed by independent parties and are distributed across multiple organisational boundaries, geographies or legal jurisdictions (Maier, 1998). SoS are notorious for becoming problematic due to interconnected technical and social issues. Practitioners claim that they are ill equipped to deal with the sociotechnical challenges posed by system-of-systems. One of these challenges is to identify the socio-technical threats associated with building, operating and managing systems whose parts are distributed across organisational boundaries. Another is how to troubleshoot these systems when they exhibit undesirable behaviour. This thesis aims to provide a modelling abstraction and an extensible technique that enables practitioners to identify socio-technical threats prior to implementation and troubleshoot SoS post-implementation. This thesis evaluates existing modelling abstractions for their suitability to represent SoS and suggests that an agent-responsibility based modelling abstraction may provide a practical and scalable way of representing SoS for socio-technical threat identification and troubleshooting. The practicality and scalability of the abstraction is explored through the use of case studies that motivate the extension of existing responsibility-based techniques so that new classes of system (coalitions-of-systems) and new classes of threat (agent-related threats) may be analysed. This thesis concludes that the notion of ‘responsibility' is a promising abstraction for representing and analysing systems that are composed of parts that are independently managed and maintained by agents spanning multiple organisational boundaries e.g. systems-of-systems, enterprise-scale systems.
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Shaw, Isabel Constance May. "Making dental commodities : a socio-technical analysis of commercial practice." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539569.
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Gerst, Martina Helga. "The socio-technical dynamics of ICT innovation : a social shaping analysis of portals." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29115.
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The thesis attempts to expand the understanding of the socio-technical dynamics patterning both the decision making process and the outcomes of complex ICT innovation projects. The thesis seeks to overcome the shortcomings of existing social and economic research on inter-organisational standardisation by redressing the limitations in terms of empirical scope and analytical frameworks of, on the one hand, studies of standard setting processes which neglect the wider and subsequent context of implementation and, on the other, of ‘diffusions of standards’ studies which ignore the way in which standards evolve in their implementation. This study specifically answers theoretical and practical questions of ICT innovation dynamics in a complex multi spaced setting, combining economic, technical and sociological theories. The research draws on the Social Shaping of Technology (SST) perspective by explaining ICT innovations as historical and contexted actor-focussed technological change processes. The thesis develops a Multi-level Space of Innovation Dynamics (MSID) framework to capture the dynamics of standardised portal technology development and its outcomes on two levels: at a micro level focusing on individuals and groups in the adopting organisation (zoom in), and at the meso level, addressing the effects that the dynamics have in the broader context of the sector (zoom out). Jørgensen’s concept of ‘arena’ is used to analyse the way in which the actors involved at the company and the industry level are configured together. The turbulent dynamics are analysed as the outcome of complex processes of change involving the configuration and re-configuration of the various arenas and networks in which the array of involved organisational actors are embedded. The research finds that ICT innovations are shaped by history and context of the adopting organisation and the actors involved. The extremely complex organisational politics of decision making process were patterned by the configuration of the project and the management of expertise. Interactions and realignments amongst this complex set of socio-technical factors led to a drift in the subsequent outcomes. This study supports the evidence in existing literature that supply chains are mutually shaped by technology and the adopting user organisation.
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Hirose, Takayuki. "Envisioning Emergent Behaviors of Socio-Technical Systems Based on Functional Resonance Analysis Method." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259040.
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付記する学位プログラム名: デザイン学大学院連携プログラムKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第22772号
工博第4771号
新制||工||1746(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻
(主査)教授 椹木 哲夫, 教授 松原 厚, 教授 小森 雅晴
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Shah, Anuj P. "Analysis of transformations to socio-technical systems using agent based modeling and simulation." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29399.
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Ray, Barua Siddhartha. "A strategic perspective on the commercialization of artificial intelligence : a socio-technical analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122431.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 108-114).
Many companies are increasing their focus on Artificial Intelligence as they incorporate Machine Learning and Cognitive technologies into their current offerings. Industries ranging from healthcare, pharmaceuticals, finance, automotive, retail, manufacturing and so many others are all trying to deploy and scale enterprise Al systems while reducing their risk. Companies regularly struggle with finding appropriate and applicable use cases around Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning projects. The field of Artificial Intelligence has a rich set of literature for modeling of technical systems that implement Machine Learning and Deep Learning methods. This thesis attempts to connect the literature for business and technology and for evolution and adoption of technology to the emergent properties of Artificial Intelligence systems. The aim of this research is to identify high and low value market segments and use cases within the industries, prognosticate the evolution of different Al technologies and begin to outline the implications of commercialization of such technologies for various stakeholders. This thesis also provides a framework to better prepare business owners to commercialize Artificial Intelligence technologies to satisfy their strategic goals.
by Siddhartha Ray Barua.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
S.M.inEngineeringandManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program
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Lee, Seung Man. "Agent-based simulation of socio-technical systems : software architecture and timing mechanisms." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24351.
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Sefer, Edin. "A model-based safety analysis approach for high-integrity socio-technical component-based systems." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-29616.
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Designing high-integrity socio-technical systems requires a thorough understanding of all safety risks of such systems. For many years, safety risk assessment has been conducted separately for hardware, software, human, organizational and other entities in socio-technical systems. Safety risk assessment that does not consider all factors at the same time cannot adequately capture the wide variety of safety risk scenarios that need to be considered. This thesis proposes a model-based analysis approach that allows interpretation of humans and organizations in terms of components and their behavior in terms of failure logic. The proposal is built on top of the tool-supported model-based failure logic analysis technique called CHESS-FLA. CHESS-FLA supports the analysis of the component-based system architectures to understand what can go wrong at a system level, by applying failure logic rules at a component level. CHESS-FLA addresses only hardware and software components and as such it is inadequate for the analysis of socio-technical systems. This thesis proposes an extension of CHESS-FLA based on the preexisting classification (developed within SERA), of failures of socio entities. This extension combines CHESS-FLA and SERA - classification and delivers an approach named Concerto-FLA. Concerto-FLA is fully integrated into the CONCERTO framework allowing an automated analysis to be performed on architectures that contain human, organizational and technical entities present in socio-technical systems. The use of the approach is demonstrated on a case study extracted from the petroleum domain. The effectiveness of the delivered tool is briefly evaluated based on the results from the case study.CONCERTO project
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Mohamad, Nor Mohd Ali. "Bridging the digital divide in Malaysia : a multi-level analysis of socio-technical transformation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446238.
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Schilling, Martin. "The contribution of socio-technical decision analysis to strategy development processes : an effective study." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2701/.
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Approaches to assessing the effectiveness of decision analyses in strategy development contexts have yet to be widely covered in the academic literature. In particular, there are two major gaps: first, a lack of conceptual links between socio-technical decision analysis and strategy development processes, and, second, a limited number of approaches that assess empirically the process effectiveness of decision analyses. This PhD research contributes to filling these gaps. The first part of this study analyses the contribution of socio-technical decision analysis to the effective development of strategies. I introduce a simplified taxonomy of strategy development that classifies socio-technical decision analysis as contributing both to enhanced information exchange ('socio' side) and improved information processing (technical side). The second part of the study assesses the effect of socio-technical decision analysis. I develop two measures to test the process effectiveness as well as the group alignment effects of the approach. An application to six case studies shows that socio-technical decision analysis is perceived as consistently more effective than existing decision processes on eight 'socio', technical and result-oriented dimensions. In addition, it has helped to create group alignment. The study also indicates that a group of relatively inexperienced decision analysts can apply socio-technical decision analysis successfully. The empirical studies, however, revealed several weaknesses in the approach, in particular on the information exchange side. The third part of the study addresses these weaknesses by introducing 'Strategy Conferencing'. The approach aims to enhance the effectiveness of socio-technical decision analysis in strategy development contexts by adding outside expertise to the process-based socio-technical decision analysis.
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Chaula, Job Asheri. "A Socio-technical Analysis of Information Systems Security Assurance : A Case Study for Effective Assurance." Doctoral thesis, Kista : Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University/KTH DSV, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1350.
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Ward, Eric D. (Eric Daniel). "A socio-technical systems analysis of change processes in the design of flagship interplanetary missions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107291.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-100).
In the engineering of complex systems, changes to flight hardware or software after initial release can have large impacts on project implementation. Even a comparatively small change on an assembly or subsystem can cascade into a significant amount of rework if it propagates through the system. This can happen when a change affects the interfaces with another subsystem, or if it alters the emergent behavior of the system in a significant way, and is especially critical when subsequent work has already been performed utilizing the initial version. These changes can be driven by new or modified requirements leading to changes in scope, design deficiencies discovered during analysis or test, failures during test, and other such mechanisms. In complex system development, changes are managed through engineering change requests (ECRs) that are communicated to affected elements. While the tracking of changes is critical for the ongoing engineering of a complex project, the ECRs can also reveal trends on the system level that could assist with the management of current and future projects. In an effort to identify systematic trends, this research has analyzed ECRs from two different JPL led space mission projects to classify the change activity and assess change propagation. It employs time analysis of ECR initiation throughout the lifecycle, correlates ECR generators with ECR absorbers, and considers the distribution of ECRs across subsystems. The analyzed projects are the planetary rover mission, Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), and the Earth-orbiting mission, Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP). This analysis has shown that there is some consistency across these projects with regard to which subsystems generate or absorb change. The relationship of the ECRSubsystem networks identifies subsystems that are absorbers of change and others that are generators of change. For the flight systems, the strongest absorbers of change were found to be avionics and the mechanical structure for the spacecraft bus, and the strongest generators of change were concentrated in the payloads. When this attribute is recognized, project management can attempt to close ECR networks by looking for ways to leverage absorbers and avoid multipliers. Alternatively, in cases where changes to a subsystem are undesirable, knowing whether it is an absorber can greatly assist with expectations and planning. This analysis identified some significant differences between the two projects as well. While SMAP followed a relatively well behaved blossom profile across the project, MSL had an avalanche of change leading to the drastic action of re-baselining the launch date. While the official reasoning for the slip of the launch date is based in technical difficulties, the avalanche profile implies that a snowballing of change may have had a significant impact as well. Furthermore, the complexity metrics applied show that MSL has a more complex nature than SMAP, with 269 ECRs in 65 Parent-Child clusters, opposed to 166 in 53 for SMAP, respectively. The Process Complexity metric confirms this, quantitatively measuring the complexity of MSL at 492, compared to 367 for SMAP. These tools and metrics confirm the intuition that MSL, as a planetary rover, is a more complex space mission than SMAP, an earth orbiter.
by Eric D. Ward.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Taeihagh, Araz. "A novel approach for the development of policies for socio-technical systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0183f800-51bf-4e4d-abba-cd91b7bf48f0.
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The growth in the interdependence and complexity of socio-technical systems requires the development of tools and techniques to aid in the formulation of better policies. The efforts of this research focus towards developing methodologies and support tools for better policy design and formulation. In this thesis, a new framework and a systematic approach for the formulation of policies are proposed. Focus has been directed to the interactions between policy measures, inspired by concepts in process design and network analysis. Furthermore, we have developed an agent-based approach to create a virtual environment for the exploration and analysis of different configurations of policy measures in order to build policy packages and test the effects of changes and uncertainties while formulating policies. By developing systematic approaches for the formulation and analysis of policies it is possible to analyse different configuration alternatives in greater depth, examine more alternatives and decrease the time required for the overall analysis. Moreover, it is possible to provide real-time assessment and feedback to the domain experts on the effect of changes in the configurations. These efforts ultimately help in forming more effective policies with synergistic and reinforcing attributes while avoiding internal contradictions. This research constitutes the first step towards the development of a general family of computer-based systems that support the design of policies. The results from this research also demonstrate the usefulness of computational approaches in addressing the complexity inherent in the formulation of policies. As a proof of concept, the proposed framework and methodologies have been applied to the formulation of policies that deal with transportation issues and emission reduction, but can be extended to other domains.
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Elbana, Karim. "Socio-Technical Analysis for the Off-Grid PV System at Mavuno Girls’ Secondary School in Tanzania." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28839.
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The aim of this study is to investigate, analyse and evaluate the installed off-grid PV system in Mavuno girls’ secondary school that is located in a rural area in northwest Tanzania. The original motivation behind this study was the rapid degradation of the installed battery bank within less than 3 years. The PV system was installed before the actual operation of the school, so the study aimed to answer a very pressing question which is "What is the actual load profiles in the school?". There was a high need to identify the actual school load profiles to enable several concerned social actors to evaluate the system and to decide for future extensions. Therefore, the study aimed to analyse the implementation of electricity in the school by creating actual load profiles, analysing the system performance versus the users’ needs and evaluating the sustainability and utilization of implementation. The study followed a multi-disciplinary approach combining the social and technical aspects of PV systems implementation to seek further understanding of the users’ consumption behaviours. It thus included a 1-month of field work in June 2018 during which participant observations and semi-structured interviews together with load measurements were carried out so as to create load profiles that are considering the patterns and deviations in users’ behaviours. During the field work, 2/3 of the students were in holidays so the taken measurements corresponded to the school at 30 % capacity. That is why the study also included 4 days of inverter data logging after the 1-month field work by the technical head of the school to overcome the limitations in held measurements. The observations showed that the actual installed system was slightly different from the documentation. In addition, the local installation practices are not fully appropriate from the technical point of view, and are affected by local social norms, as will be discussed. Besides, the participant observations and held interviews with relevant social actors showed that the daily behaviours of energy users do not exactly follow the school daily routine. Consequently, the social study was important to create actual effective load profiles. The observations and responses from interviews together with measurements were used to categorize the school loads into 29 different units. Those units can be used for current load prioritizations and for future load extrapolations. The created load profiles also represent a useful addition to load databases used by energy researchers who work on similar rural electrification projects. After the field work, several characteristics were calculated by Microsoft Excel such as apparent power consumptions, active power consumptions, battery bank state of charge, load power factor and PV generated energy. The characteristics were used in calculations evaluating the energy balance in the system. The results of held calculations showed that lighting during dark hours accounted for on around 78 % of the logged daily apparent energy use, as it has a low a low average power factor of 0.28. It also showed that some loads if time-bounded, they will significantly decrease the daily energy consumption. The calculations were also used to run PVSyst simulations to evaluate the system sizing which resulted in the recommendation that either the array size should be doubled, or the apparent energy consumption should be decreased to half. The study included suggestions for possible improvements such as decreasing the reactive consumed energy by either replacing the currently used light bulbs with ones that have higher power factor ( ≥0.8 for example) or by installing a capacitive compensation for power factor correction. In addition, it was recommended to quantify the school loads according to their priority or importance and to regulate observed time-unbounded loads such as "pumping water" and "ironing". Lastly, the study discussed how generated electricity is utilized in the school and what opportunities for women empowerment have become potentially possible with the provision of electricity.
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Regal, Christian [Verfasser], and Henner [Akademischer Betreuer] Gimpel. "Socio-technical analysis and design of digital workplaces to foster employee health / Christian Regal ; Betreuer: Henner Gimpel." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:384-opus4-894094.
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Chung, Whan-Sam. "Structural Analysis of Socio-Technical Impacts on Energy Use and Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Korea Based on Energy Input-Output Tables." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/185184.
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O'Connor, Leonard A. "A socio-technical analysis of the standards based apprenticeship in Ireland : a case study of the construction industry." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8238.
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Apprenticeship is one of the oldest forms of training and is one of the cornerstones on which a skills bank is built. It has been developed from a system of master and indentured apprentice, which existed in the period of the medieval guilds, to a dual system of education and training with both on-the-job and off-the-job periods of training and education. A number of unsuccessful attempts were made in the last century to re-structure apprenticeship in Ireland, including three Acts of the Oireachtas (Parliament). Despite this legislation, the only requirement to qualify as a craftsperson was to serve the appropriate length of time and to be a member of the craft union. There were no mandatory levels of competence to be reached by the apprentice before being recognised as a craftsperson. In 1991, the social partners agreed the need for an overhaul of the apprenticeship system and set in motion the process to develop an apprenticeship system that would ensure that all apprentices in the designated trades would have to reach predetermined standards on competence before they could be awarded the National Craft Certificate. The new system is modular in structure and known as the Standards Based Apprenticeship. This thesis examined the effectiveness of the Standards Based Apprenticeship system in meeting the present and future needs of the construction industry and in preparing apprentices to adapt to inevitable change in the industry. It concludes that the new system is superior to the time-served system it replaced in many respects but has identified some problems. The thesis concludes by making some recommendations for change to the system, based on the analysis of the responses from the stakeholders and which, if implemented, would in the opinion of the author, ensure that the Irish crafts persons are trained to the highest international standards.
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Henaine-Abed, Maria Guadalupe. "An analysis of the effects of socio-technical intervention in an action-simulation of a flexible manufacturing system." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305441.
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Yuksel, Nalan. "Constructing a green revolution : a socio-technical analysis of input-support programmes for smallholder farmers in Western Kenya." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45224/.
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This thesis presents a critical reflection on what is meant by a 'Green Revolution' within the current, narrow 'productivity-technology fix' paradigm. It shows the current focus on productivity is creating a limited view of technology as the principal means to address food insecurity in Africa, as opposed to a more comprehensive view that takes into account economic, social and political factors. The research combines a socio-technical systems approach with an actor-oriented analysis to examine two input-support programmes in Kenya. It focuses on input-support programmes due to the current interest in subsidies as the mechanism to address food insecurity and deliver agricultural technologies to smallholder farmers. It examines the political, social and institutional factors that influence the creation, design and implementation of these programmes. A multi-level approach (global, national and local) is used to map out the key narratives and actor networks operating in and across the different levels to highlight the dynamic interactions as they come together through these programmes. The thesis demonstrates how intermediary factors (institutions, policy and social networks) significantly affect programme outcomes. The two case studies show that policy and practice often diverge through changing actors, networks and funding flows. Each programme implementation is mediated through socially differentiated beneficiaries, creating interactions that unfold in numerous ways due to distinct social, political and economic factors, as well as to unique institutional and delivery mechanisms. The evidence suggests that technology-based programmes that fail to take account of these critical factors will encounter difficulties in uptake. Therefore, policymakers must consider context-specific approaches that appreciate the diversity of local conditions and the importance of socio-economic, institutional and political factors. The underlying message is that the impact of agricultural technologies on the practices and perceptions of smallholder farmers cannot be understood in isolation; end users constantly adapt technologies through complex social interpretations, local institutions and political processes.
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Luo, Yan. "Radical Architecture, Collective Mindfulness, and Information Technology: A Dialectical Analysis of Risk Control in Complex Socio-Technical Systems." online version, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1228450166.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009.Department of Information Systems, Weatherhead School of Management. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
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James, Joseph J. "Human Factors and Systems Engineering Analysis for Development of PartiallyAutomated Severe Weather Warning Methodologies." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1620145736332557.
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Engström, Eskil. "Making Socio-Technical Transition Pathways : The establishment of the Swedish Climate Policy Council, an Argumentative Policy Analytical case study." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-192915.
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In recent years, several nations have adopted institutional framework laws, so-called Climate Change Acts (CCAs), as means to enforce Paris-compliant mitigation pathways. A key institutional feature to ensure policy stability and compliance with CCAs has been the establishment of independent advisory bodies, tasked with advising on mitigation targets and policy instruments, as well as the, monitoring and evaluation of target attainment. These advisory bodies are endowed with a crucial role in the long-term evaluation and planning process: examining how the low-carbon transition pathways might be achieved. Calling attention to the question of how transition pathways should be conceived and approached, whether it is in 'bio-physical' (climate science), 'techno- economic' (technology assessment/economics) or 'socio-technical' (socio-technical transition field) terms. Recent studies have indicated that a socio-technical transitions is increasingly framed as a question of removing carbon energy from various practices and infrastructures, challenging the dominant techno-economic approach of emissions reductions using carbon-pricing instruments. This thesis explores this challenge, drawing upon a case study of the establishment of the Swedish Climate Policy Council, by means of analyzing the process of institutionalization and how transition pathways are (re)produced discursively through the practices of climate policy evaluation and planning. The main findings of this thesis is that a cross-party consensus behind the Swedish CCA was formed around institutionalizing a 'bio-physical’ mitigation pathway, monitored and safeguarded by the Council which could assign 'political embarrassment' to governments failing to comply with the interim and long-term GHG mitigation targets. Beyond this consensus, the institutional design of the Council is the result of discursive struggles between actor-coalitions supporting techno-economic versus socio-technical transition pathways. However, the recently formed Council has come to challenge previously dominant techno-economic practices of forecasting cost-efficient emissions reductions. This has been accomplished by introducing a novel socio-technical approach to climate policy evaluation: the backcasting of interrelated technological and institutional shifts believed to be necessary in bringing about a low-carbon transition or transformation. Nevertheless, as this socio-technical practice primarily backcasts upon a number of key technological innovations, with limited changes to current industrial patterns of production and consumption, doubts are raised if this approach is to be considered as constitutive of transformative transition pathways.
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Chevarria, Diego Gonzales. "A agência na abordagem multinível da transição sociotecnológica sustentável." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150508.
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Transições sociotecnológicas são processos de modificação e substituição de regimes sociotecnológicos, estruturas sociais que englobam sistemas tecnológicos e produtivos, bem como políticas públicas, sistemas econômicos e significados simbólicos associados. A transição sociotecnológica tem sido discutida como um caminho para o desenvolvimento sustentável, dada a possibilidade de substituição de regimes sociotecnologicos vigentes por regimes que representem menores impactos sociais e ambientais. Apesar da atenção que a transição sustentável tem recebido em anos recentes, observa-se na literatura uma lacuna no estudo da função de agência na transição. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar a agência no processo de transição sociotecnológica sustentável, e a principal contribuição está na proposição de um modelo conceitual estruturado para a explicação desta agência. No desenvolvimento do modelo adotou-se a perspectiva multinível, a qual estuda a transição a partir de três diferentes níveis de análise: nicho, regime e cenário. O modelo está consolidado em três ideias centrais, que se constituíram em hipóteses de trabalho no desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Propõe-se como primeira hipótese que a agência na transição seria distribuída, resultando de uma ação coletiva do nicho. Propõe-se também como segunda hipótese de trabalho que a agência seria exercida por meio da construção pelos atores nicho de um sistema de narrativas, o qual direcionaria as expectativas dos demais atores, bem como o compromisso resultante destas expectativas. Por fim, propõe-se como terceira hipótese que expectativas e compromisso seriam continuamente ajustados pelo desempenho do sistema, e a principal medida de desempenho na transição tecnológica estaria na capacidade do nicho em desenvolver aprendizado. Adotou-se no desenvolvimento da pesquisa uma abordagem multimétodo, a partir de um posicionamento epistemológico de complexidade organizacional; outra contribuição significativa de pesquisa está no tratamento metodológico adotado no teste do modelo proposto. O modelo conceitual proposto foi operacionalizado em uma fase de pesquisa qualitativa, a partir de em análise de conteúdo de narrativas socialmente construídas, e outra quantitativa, através de modelagem computacional por meio de um sistema multiagente. Para o desenvolvimento destas fases adotou-se como objeto de pesquisa o nicho de energia eólica brasileiro, o qual se entende como uma transição em andamento dado seu expressivo crescimento recente. Na fase qualitativa de pesquisa buscou-se caracterizar os processos discursivos envolvidos em transições tecnológicas sustentáveis. Observou-se que narrativas atuaram no estabelecimento de expectativas sobre nicho tecnológico, defendendo a existência de grande potencial de geração no Brasil, e a sustentabilidade da geração de energia eólica. A caracterização de narrativas resultado da fase qualitativa de pesquisa foi adotada na fase quantitativa de pesquisa como base para o desenvolvimento do processo de modelagem e simulação. O modelo computacional foi considerado como valido dada sua capacidade de representar o processo de constituição de um nicho tecnológico, e as três hipóteses de trabalho que consolidam o modelo conceitual proposto foram testadas por meio deste modelo. Os resultados de simulação observados dão suporte à aceitação das primeira e segunda hipóteses, embora indiquem pela rejeição da terceira. A principal implicação dos achados está na sugestão que a transição sustentável deve ser entendida como um processo iminentemente coletivo, não podendo ser conduzida de forma isolada por um único agente.Socio-technological transitions are processes of change and replacement of socio-technical regimes, social structures that include technological and production systems, as well as the associated public policies, economic systems and symbolic meanings. Socio-technical transitions have been discussed as a path to sustainable development, due to the opportunity of replacement of incumbent socio-technical regimes by regimes that account for lesser social and environmental impacts. Despite the attention that sustainable transitions have recently received, it is observed in the literature a gap in the study of agency in the transition. The aim of this research is to analyze agency in the socio-technical transition to sustainability, and the main contribution is the proposition of a structured conceptual model in order to explain this agency. In developing the model, it was adopted the multi-level perspective, which studies the transition through three different levels of analysis: niche, regime and landscape. The model is consolidated in three core ideas, which constituted themselves in working hypotheses for the development of research. At first, it is proposed a first hypothesis the adoption of a conception of distributed agency, resulting from a collective action of the niche. It is also proposed as second work hypothesis that agency would be exerted through the construction by the social actors of the niche of a system of narratives, which would direct the expectations of other actors, as well as the commitment resulting from these expectations. Finally, it is proposed as the third work hypothesis that expectations and commitment would be continuously adjusted by system performance, and the main performance measure in the sociotechnical transition would be in the ability of the niche to develop learning. It was adopted in the research a multimethod design, from an epistemology of organizational complexity; another significant contribution of the research is the methodological approach adopted in testing the proposed model. The proposed conceptual model was operationalized in a qualitative research phase, using a content analysis of socially constructed narratives, and other quantitative phase, by means of computational modeling using a multi-agent system. To the development of these phases it was adopted as a research subject the Brazilian wind energy niche, which is understood as a transition in progress, given its significant recent growth. In qualitative research phase, we attempted to characterize the discursive processes involved in sustainable technological transitions. It was observed that narratives have acted in establishing expectations about technological niche, defending the existence of a large generation potential in Brazil, and the sustainability of wind power generation. The characterization of narratives resulting of the qualitative research phase was adopted in the quantitative phase as the basis for the development of modeling and simulation process. The computational model was considered valid, given its ability to represent the process of establishment of a technological niche. The three working hypotheses that consolidate the proposed conceptual model were tested using this model. The observed simulation results supported the acceptance of the first and second hypotheses, while indicating the rejection of the third one. The main implication of the findings is the suggestion that the transition to sustainability must be considered as a collective process, and cannot be conducted by a single individual agent.
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Reis, Adriana de Oliveira Pereira dos. "Sistemática para seleção de tecnologias de tratamento de efluentes : uma análise multicriterial aplicada à bacia hidrográfica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183289.
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O processo de seleção de uma tecnologia de tratamento de esgoto envolve a análise de diferentes fatores como as características dos efluentes brutos, demanda por energia e material humano qualificado, disponibilidade de terreno, condições climáticas, geração de subprodutos e sua destinação final e capacidade suporte dos cursos d’água receptores, dentre outros. O processo de seleção torna-se mais complexo quando conduzido no âmbito de uma bacia hidrográfica, uma vez que deverão ser considerados corpos d’águas com diferentes capacidades de autodepuração e a disposição final de efluentes com diferentes vazões e condições de qualidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo central estabelecer uma metodologia que permita a seleção de sistemas de tratamento, no âmbito de bacias hidrográficas, considerando o emprego combinado de modelagem matemática de qualidade de água, técnica de otimização e método de análise multicriterial. Ainda que aplicável a quaisquer bacias hidrográficas, a metodologia proposta foi aplicada à Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Pardo, curso d´água localizado na porção sul do estado do Espírito Santo. Eficiências mínimas de remoção de matéria orgânica, estimadas com emprego combinado de modelo matemático de qualidade de água e técnica de otimização, permitiram a pré-seleção dos sistemas de tratamento de esgoto, observadas a manutenção dos padrões de qualidade dos corpos d’água e/ou dos efluentes e a equidade no esforço de tratamento entre os diferentes sistemas objetos da seleção. Uma pesquisa qualitativa, conduzida por grupos focados, permitiu a validação dos subsistemas sociotécnicos (Ambiental, Tecnológico, Operação e Social) e dos critérios de seleção. A partir do emprego do método baseado na Teoria de Utilidade Multiatributo (MAUT) foi apropriado um Índice Sociotécnico que permitiu estabelecer, por localidade da área de estudo, o ranking das tecnologias de tratamento de esgoto pré-selecionadas. Para as sedes municipais de Ibatiba e Iúna (maiores aglomerados urbanos da área de estudo), o Índice Sociotécnico conduziu à priorização de variações dos sistemas de lodos ativados ou de tanque sépticos com biodisco como opções de tratamento. Para a sede do município de Irupi e para os povoados de Santíssima Trindade e Nossa Senhora das Graças, função da capacidade de autodepuração dos cursos d’água e/ou dos pequenos contingentes populacionais, o Índice Sociotécnico conduziu à priorização de sistemas mais simples, como diferentes variações do sistema de lagoas de estabilização.The selection process of a sewage treatment technology involves the analyses of different factors, such as, the characteristics of raw effluents, electricity and qualified human material demand, land availability, weather conditions, production of by-products and final destination and bearing capacity of water resources, among others. The selection process becomes more complex when carried out in a river basin ambit, once water bodies with capacities of selfdepuration and the final destination of effluents with different outflows and quality conditions must be taken into consideration. This work’s main goal was to establish a methodology that enabled the selection of systems of treatment, in river basin ambits, considering the combined use of water quality mathematical modelling, optimization technique and the method of multicriterial analysis. Even applicable to any river basin, the methodology proposed was applied to Rio Pardo river basin, watercourse located in the south of Espírito Santo State. Minimum efficiencies of organic material removal, estimated with the combined use of water quality mathematical modelling and optimization technique, allowed the pre-selection of sewage treatment systems, observed the maintenance of quality standards of water bodies and/or effluents and the equity regarding the treatment effort among the selection’s objects systems. A qualitative research, conducted by focus groups, allowed the validation of socio-technical subsystems (Environmental. Technological, Operation and Social) and the selection criteria. By using the method based on the Multi-attribute Utility Theory (MAUT), an Environmental Index was settled in order to allow the establishment, according to the study area location, of a ranking of pre-selected sewage treatment technologies. For the municipal headquarters in Ibatiba and Iúna (the biggest urban settlements within the study area), the Environmental Index conducted the prioritization of systems variations of activated sludge or septic tank with biodiscs as options for treatment. As for the municipal headquarter in Irupi and the Santíssima Trindade and Nossa Senhora das Graças villages, the self-depuration capacity function of the watercourses and/or small population contingent, the Environmental Index led to the prioritization of more simple systems, with different variations of the stabilization ponds system.
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Maîtrehenry, Sébastien. "Modélisation des dépendances fonctionnelles pour l'analyse des risques de niveau avion." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESMA0025/document.
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Nos travaux se situent au croisement de trois domaines : la sûreté de fonctionnement, l'analysefonctionnelle et l'ingénierie des modèles. Dans l'objectif d'assister les analyses préliminaires desrisques, nous avons proposé d'exploiter les modèles issus de l'analyse fonctionnelle de l'avion. Cesmodèles décrivent les dépendances entre les fonctions qui doivent être réalisées durant une phasede vol. Pour exploiter ces modèles, nous avons introduit la notion d'efficacité qui mesure ledegré de contribution d'une fonction à la réalisation nominale d'une phase de vol. Cette notionest utile pour les analyses de risques car elle permet de formaliser divers cas dedysfonctionnements des fonctions et pour évaluer le niveau de dégradation d'une phase de vol encas de dysfonctionnement d'une ou plusieurs fonctions. Nous avons proposé d'annoter les modèlesissus de l'analyse fonctionnelle avec des informations relatives à l'efficacité des fonctions et à leursdysfonctionnements possibles. En suivant les principes de la transformation de modèles, nousavons étudié les moyens de produire le plus automatiquement possible des modèles utiles auxanalyses de risques à partir des modèles annotés. Les modèles produits sont décrits avec lelangage AltaRica, ils peuvent être analysés avec les outils associés à ce langage afin d'évaluerl'effet du dysfonctionnement de fonctions de l'avion ou de rechercher les combinaisons dedysfonctionnements les plus critiques. L'approche proposée a été appliquée pour analyser lesrisques associés aux fonctions utiles lors du décollage d'un avionOur work links three domains: safety, functional analysis and model based engineering. In orderto assist preliminary risk analysis, we have proposed to exploit models developed for functionalanalysis. These models describe dependencies between functions that have to be performed duringa flight phase. To exploit these models, we have introduced the notion of efficiency thatmeasures the degree of contribution of a function to the nominal realisation of a flight phase.This notion is useful for risk analysis because it enables the formalisation of various cases offunction failures and the evaluation of the level of degradation of a flight phase in case offunction failures. We have proposed to annotate functional analysis models with informationrelated with function efficiency and potential function failures. Following the principles of modeltransformation, we have studied the means to produce as automatically as possible models thatcould be used to support risk analysis starting from annotated models. Produced models aredescribed with the AltaRica language, they can be analysed with the tools associated with thislanguage in order to evaluate the effect of function failures or to search for the most criticalcombinations of failures. The approach was applied in order to analyse the risks associated withthe functions used during an aircraft take-off
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Hinsley, Steven W. "Maintaining systems-of-systems fit-for-purpose : a technique exploiting material, energy and information source, sink and bearer analysis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25465.
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Across many domains, systems suppliers are challenged by the complexity of their systems and the speed at which their systems must be changed in order to meet the needs of customers or the societies which the systems support. Stakeholder needs are ever more complex: appearing, disappearing, changing and interacting faster than solutions able to address them can be instantiated. Similarly, the systems themselves continually change as a result of both external and internal influences, such as damage, changing environment, upgrades, reconfiguration, replacement, etc. In the event of situations unforeseen at design time, personnel (for example maintainers or operators) close to the point of employment may have to modify systems in response to the evolving situation, and to do this in a timely manner so that the system and/or System-of-Systems (SoS: a set of systems that have to interoperate) can achieve their aims. This research was motivated by the problem of designing-in re-configurability to the constituent systems of a SoS to enable the SoS and its systems to effectively and efficiently counter the effects of unforeseen events that adversely affect fitness-for purpose whilst operational. This research shows that a SoS does not achieve or maintain fitness-for-purpose because it cannot implement the correct, timely and complete transfer of Material, Energy and Information (MEI) between its constituents and with its external environment that is necessary to achieve a desired outcome; i.e. the purpose.
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Toves, Peter Rocky. "Evaluating Success Factors in Implementing E-Maintenance in Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/767.
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Despite more than a decade-long process to transition aircraft maintenance practices from paper-to electronic-based systems, some organizations remain unable to complete this transition. Researchers have indicated that while organizations have invested resources in technology improvements, there remains a limited understanding of the factors that contribute to effectively managing technology-enabled change. The purpose of this case study was to identify and explore socio-technical (ST) factors that inhibit an effective transition from a paper-based system to an electronic-based system for aircraft maintenance. A conceptual model applying theories of change management, technology acceptance, systems thinking, and ST theory informed the research. Thirteen participants provided data via semistructured interviews, field observations, follow-up interviews, other documentation, and a questionnaire. Data were analyzed with open and axial coding techniques to identify themes, which were then crosschecked and triangulated with observation and follow-up interview data. Findings revealed communication issues, a fundamental misconception in training, and a false assumption that all personnel easily acquire computer literacy. Benefits gained from this study should assist maintenance, repair, and overall (MRO) organizations within the Department of Defense to improve current and future technology implementation as the research underscores real-life issues from a comparable organization. The implications for positive social change provide a greater understanding of technology-enabled change and contribute to the development of best practices for technology initiatives that address common ST issues in the MRO workplace.
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Benama, Youssef. "Formalisation de la démarche de conception d'un système de production mobile : intégration des concepts de mobilité et de reconfigurabilité." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0001/document.
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Dans cette thèse nous analysons dans quelle mesure le concept de mobilité peut être pris en compte dans la démarche d'analyse et de conception de systèmes de production. Notre apport vise à formaliser la démarche d'analyse et de conception de ce dernier, explicitant les décisions à prendre, les informations nécessaires et les critères de décision à mettre en place. Dans cet objectif, deux niveaux d'analyse ont été distingués : un niveau local concernant un site de production et un niveau global comprenant un ensemble de sites.Le premier niveau local considère un seul site de production. A ce niveau nous avons proposé une approche prenant en compte les caractéristiques du site de production. Dans notre contexte, le choix de la localisation géographique de production est imposé par le client. De ce fait, la conception du système de production doit s'adapter à cette contrainte. D'un point de vue conception, quatre questions sont abordées : (1) dans quelle mesure le concept de mobilité peut être intégré dans une démarche de conception de système de production mobile ? (2) quelles caractéristiques de l'environnement de production doivent être prises en compte ? (3) comment déterminer ce qu'il faut produire sur site ou ce qu'il serait opportun d'externaliser ? et (4) compte tenu des informations obtenues quelle est la meilleure configuration du SPM à envisager et selon quels critères de choix ? La réponse à ces questions conduit à la proposition d'une configuration du SPM adaptée pour un seul site de production.Le deuxième niveau global traite la problématique de mobilité successive multi sites. En effet, pour être rentabilisé le système de production doit être mobilisé sur plusieurs sites de production. A chaque changement de site de production, une reconfiguration du système de production s'impose en se basant sur la configuration existante (version i-1). LaThèse de Youssef BENAMAreconfigurabilité concerne d'une part l'architecture interne du système (choix des machines, recrutement de nouvelles équipes locales, etc) et d'autre part l'organisation de la chaîne d'approvisionnement du SPM (faire en interne ou externaliser, fournisseur local, etc.). A ce niveau global d'analyse, nous proposons deux modèles d'analyse : (1) un premier modèle pour l'analyse de la reconfigurabilité interne. Ce modèle d'analyse permet d'adapter le nombre de lignes de production et le nombre d'équipes en fonction d'un scénario de demande (localisations géographiques, capacité nécessaire par site). L'originalité de notre proposition consiste d'une part en l'évaluation des coûts de reconfiguration nécessaires et d'autre part l'appréciation du niveau d'adéquation de la configuration proposée avec le contexte du site de production via l'utilisation de l'indicateur de mobilité. (2) Le deuxième modèle d'analyse concerne la reconfigurabilité de la chaîne d'approvisionnement amont du SPM. Il consiste en une adaptation du modèle d'aide à la décision "faire ou faire faire" par l'intégration d'un côté de l'importance du site de production et d'un autre côté des spécificités de chaque site de production.La démarche d'analyse proposée est illustrée sur le cas industriel concernant la conception d'une usine mobile pour la fabrication et l'installation sur site de composants de centrales solaires thermodynamiquesIn this thesis we analyse how the concept of mobility can be taken into account in the analysis and design of production systems. Our contribution aims to formalize the analysis and design process, explaining the decisions, the necessary information and decision criteria to be taken into account. For this purpose, two levels of analysis were distinguished: a local level concerning one production site and a global level including a set of sites.The first level considers one production site. At this level we have proposed an approach that takes into account the characteristics of the production site. In our context, the choice of the geographical location of production is imposed by the final client. Therefore, the design of the production system should be adapted to this constraint. From a design perspective, four questions are addressed: (1) To what extent the concept of mobility can be integrated into a mobile production system design approach? (2) What characteristics of the production environment must be taken into account? (3) How to determine what to produce on site or that it would be appropriate to outsource? And (4) taking into account all obtained information what is the best configuration of the mobile production system to consider and according towhich criteria? The answer to these questions led to the proposal of a configuration of SPM suitable for a single production site.The second Level of analysis addresses the problem of global mobility. In order to be profitable, the production system must be used on several production locations. every change of production location led to a need of reconfiguration of the Production System. Reconfigurability Concerns the internal architecture of the system (machine selection, recruitment News local teams, etc.) as well as the organization of the SPM supply chain. Fot this global level, we propose two analytical models: (1) the first model for the analysis of internal reconfigurability. This analysis model is used to adapt the number of production lines and the number of teams according to a production scenario (Geographical locations, necessary capacity per site). The originality of our proposal consists on the assessment of costs to support reconfiguration and the appreciation the convenience level with the context of the production site by using the mobility indicator. (2) Second model to analyse Concerns reconfigurability of the upstream supply chain of PMS. It Consists in June adaptation of the model using the decision "to do ou do" by integrating A side of the importance of the production site and another side Specifics Each of the production site.The proposed approach is illustrated on an industrial case concerning the design of a mobile manufacturing plant used to produce in-site and Install components of solar plant
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Broitman, Rojas Claudio. "Entre la construction du point de vue et l’immersion sensible : comprendre le cours d'un projet. Le cas d’un projet de barrages hydroélectriques au Chili." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040046.
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Sous un prisme réflexif, cette recherche vise l’appréhension d’un cadre conflictuel (une controverse ou un conflit), à partir de différentes angles de la construction scientifique d’un problème. Elle articule ainsi trois regards méthodologiques, l’ethnographie, la sociologie de la traduction et de l’analyse de discours, pour examiner les aspects techniques, politiques et communicationnels d'une discussion qui dura une dizaine d'années et qui engagea de centaines de scientifiques, experts, politiciens et profanes dans la production de connaissances. Le cas d’étude est le projet hydroélectrique HidroAysén. Il visait la construction de cinq méga-barrages dans la Patagonie chilienne et proposait de fournir un cinquième de toute la production nationale. Les jeux d'acteurs, leurs argumentations et la circulation discursive de leurs productions culturelles sont des problématiques qui s’intègrent à l’attention à l’autre dans un contexte conflictuel, imprégnant la recherche dans tous les niveaux étudiés : situations de communication dans le cadre des entretiens, logiques d’acteurs et analyse de textes médiatiquesThrough a reflexive perspective, this research looks to apprehend a conflictual frame (it may be a sociotechnical controversy or a communicational conflict), regarding different angles of a scientific construction’s problem. We articulate methodological elements from ethnography, translation sociology and discourse analysis to examine the technical, political and communicational aspects of a discussion that lasted for ten years and engaged hundredths of scientists, experts, politicians and lay people in the production of knowledge.Our case study is the hydro electrical project HidroAysén in Chilean Patagonia that proposed to install five mega-dams in this territory in order to produce one fifth of the national production of energy. We integrate the attention to the other in a conflictual frame to stakeholders, its argumentations and the discursive circulation of its cultural productions. Those problématiques impregnate the research in every studied level: communication situations in the interviews, stakeholder’s interactions and media text’s analyses
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Grassin, Jean-Francois. "Affordances d'un réseau social pour une formation en Français Langue Etrangère : pratiques discursives, modes de participation et présence sociale en ligne." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20079/document.
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Cette recherche a pour objet les interactions en ligne sur un réseau social numérique dédié à l’enseignement / apprentissage du français langue étrangère (FLE) et s’interroge sur la façon dont l’espace en ligne s’intègre au dispositif de formation pour fournir des contextes nouveaux pour les interactions sociales et l’apprentissage de la langue. La recherche repose sur une analyse écologique d’usages dans un contexte universitaire homoglotte d’apprentissage de la langue et une analyse des discours des différents acteurs pour mettre au jour leurs perceptions du dispositif et de ses affordances ainsi que leur appropriation de l’espace en ligne. Ce travail se veut contribuer à élaborer des outils pertinents pour l’analyse de la participation et à une meilleure compréhension de ce qui se construit dans les interactions sociales, pour les participants, dans le cadre d’une communication médiatisée en contexte pédagogique. L’analyse s’intéresse (1) aux activités participatives et à leurs formats conversationnels et énonciatifs, (2) à la pluralité des modes de participation et des modes relationnels d’engagement social qui s’installent sur le réseau socio-pédagogique, et (3) aux régimes spatiaux et attentionnels propres aux espaces numériques. L’étude montre que le réseau socio-pédagogique est peu utilisé et les usages observables profitent peu des propriétés d’ouverture, conversationnelles et sociales du réseau. Si un certain nombre d’affordances sont perçues par les participants, elles restent peu actualisées dans le cadre de notre étude. Face à ces usages limités, l’analyse tente de repérer dans les discours et les activités proposées, les freins et obstacles à des changements de pratiques. A partir de ce constat, la recherche propose des pistes didactiques tenant compte des enjeux sociaux et relationnels afin que le réseau socio-pédagogique puisse plus distinctement être perçu comme un espace médiateur d’activités sociales de littératie numériqueThis research aims at studying online interactions in a social network that is specific to teaching and learning French as a Foreign Language (FFL). It questions the way the virtual environment incorporates with the training device so to provide new contexts of interactions and language learning.The data used for this research belong to an academic and language learning context which enabled an ecological analysis of the uses.Furthermore a discourse analysis from various participants was undertaken to highlight their impressions of the device, the noticed affordances and their appropriation with the online environment. This study contributes at elaborating useful tools for the analysis of participation and a better understanding of social interactions in the case of a mediated communication in a pedagogical context.The analyses are based on (1) participative activities, their conversational and enunciative format, (2) the various participation modes and relationnal social commitment that flourishes in a socio-pedagogical network and (3) the spatial and attentionnal features that are specific to a virtual learning environment.The study shows that there are few uses of the socio-pedagogical network, and the various ones that have been noticed did not benefit from the network’s wide access, conversational and social design.As a certain number of affordances have been noted by the participants, few of them were used in the case of our study. Considering those limited uses, the analysis tries to spot the restraints and obstacles to these changing practices by taking into account the participant’s discourse and suggested activities. From this observation, the research suggests didactical guidelines that include this social and relational challenge - and to consider this socio-pedagogical network as an environment which mediates social activities and digital litteracy
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Lefeez, Sophie. "Représentations et usages des armements contemporains : pour une socio-anthropologie de la complexité technique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010640.
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En Irak et en Afghanistan, les EEI (engins explosifs improvisés) ont durement atteint les matériels militaires et les soldats occidentaux. Cette confrontation entre haute et faible technicité soulève la question des choix techniques. Les rapports institutionnels et les acteurs mettent habituellement en avant deux raisons pour justifier le choix de la haute technicité : la nécessité de jouir d'une supériorité technique sur l'adversaire pour vaincre, et l'imprévisibilité des futures interventions militaires. L'étude de terrain sur le système de missile antichars Milan et son successeur temporaire, le Javelin, montre que les combattants ne lient pas la polyvalence à la technicité, et que leur travail est en train d'être fonctionnalisé. En effet, les concepteurs (États-majors, DGA, industriels) ont recours à l'approche systémique pour améliorer la cohérence entre matériels et accroître la performance d'ensemble. Cette approche s'inspire de la rationalité managériale, qui pénètre de plus en plus le milieu militaire. Or, les combattants réinventent souvent leurs matériels du fait du caractère imprédictible des conflits, et la puissance née de cette rationalité gestionnaire se révèle sur le terrain en partie fragile et déréalisée. La complexité ressentie par les acteurs à propos des armements contemporains serait alors le révélateur d'une évolution technique hors sol et hors du temps commun, distante des êtres humains concretsIn Iraq and in Afghanistan, IEDs (improvised explosive devices) severely hit Western military equipment and personnel. This high-tech / low-tech face-off raises questions about technical choices. Institutional reports and actors usually justify the choice of high technicity on two grounds: the need to have technical superiority over rivals to win and the uncertainty surrounding future military interventions. A ground study about the Milan antitank missile system and his temporary successor, the Javelin, revealed versatility is not related to technicity in users' mind, and showed servants are being functionalised. Indeed, designers (military HQs, DGA, private industries) have opted for a systemic approach to increase consistency among equipment and gain in overall performance. Users have got considered as a piece of the system — serving a function. This approach owes much to managerial rationality, which has pervaded the military organisation to a high degree. However, fighters often re-invent their equipment role due to war unpredictability, while power delivered by managerial rationality proves to be partly fragile and derealised. Complexity actors detect about contemporary weapons seems to be a pointer of a technical evolution carried out above ground and beyond time, remote from concrete human beings
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Raudenská, Lenka. "Metriky a kriteria pro diagnostiku sociotechnických systémů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233879.
Full textAbstract:
This doctoral thesis is focused on metrics and the criteria for socio-technical system diagnostics, which is a high profile topic for companies wanting to ensure the best in product quality. More and more customers are requiring suppliers to prove reliability in the production and supply quality of products according to given specifications. Consequently the ability to produce quality goods corresponding to customer requirements has become a fundamental condition in order to remain competitive. The thesis firstly lays out the basic strategies and rules which are prerequisite for a successful working company in order to ensure provision of quality goods at competitive costs. Next, methods and tools for planning are discussed. Planning is important in its impact on budget, time schedules, and necessary sourcing quantification. Risk analysis is also included to help define preventative actions, and reduce the probability of error and potential breakdown of the entire company. The next part of the thesis deals with optimisation problems, which are solved by Swarm based optimisation. Algorithms and their utilisation in industry are described, in particular the Vehicle routing problem and Travelling salesman problem, used as tools for solving specialist problems within manufacturing corporations. The final part of the thesis deals with Qualitative modelling, where solutions can be achieved with less exact quantitative information of the surveyed model. The text includes qualitative algebra descriptions, which discern only three possible values – positive, constant and negative, which are sufficient in the demonstration of trends. The results can also be conveniently represented using graph theory tools.
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Marnewick, Annlizé. "A socio-technical view of the requirements engineering process." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8751.
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D.Ing. (Engineering Management)The requirements discipline is at the heart of systems engineering, software engineering and business analysis. When a solution needs to be developed, built or bought that will be useful to the users and that will achieve the intended business goals, the problem needs to be understood before a possible solution can be developed. This process of understanding the problem that needs to be solved and what the solution should achieve is referred to as the requirements process. Requirements are the input to the solution development process. If the requirements are incorrect, the developed solution will not be useful. The purpose of this study was to discover the social behaviour of practitioners that causes the communication breakdowns during the requirements engineering process. Requirements emerge from the social interaction and communication between the requirements practitioner and the various stakeholders. The main problems with the requirements engineering process are communication and coordination breakdowns, as well as the lack of domain knowledge or understanding of the problem. These challenges are all related to the social interaction during the requirements engineering process that impacts the quality of requirements. Researchers have made significant progress in the development of methodologies. Tools and techniques are available for improving the quality of requirements. However, in practice, requirements are still produced with errors which then leads to unsuccessful solutions to problems. The requirements engineering process is executed within a social context. These social elements should be taken into consideration to improve quality. Based on the results collected from real-world practice as well as people’s behaviour in the real world, a complete understanding of the influence on the requirements process was derived. This understanding was used to identify the social elements required during the requirements engineering process. A socio-technical view is provided of the social and the technical activities that should be facilitated by the requirements engineering process. This framework integrates the required communicative activities with the traditional requirements activity. This socio-technical framework for the requirements engineering process was developed based on a survey. The aim of this framework is to overcome the social behaviour that causes communication breakdowns and impacts on the quality of the requirements. The research contributes to the existing requirements knowledge base. The socio-technical framework developed for the requirements process concerns the communication breakdowns continuously highlighted as a contributing factor to poor requirements, by providing the social activities required during the requirements process as guidance. Secondly, the knowledge acquired provides adequate data on requirements practice for future research. Specific focus areas for practitioners and managers on how to improve the requirements engineering process without the adoption of any new tools or methodologies are also included in the results. Additionally, practitioners’ behaviour was determined. By determining these interaction and relationship patterns, communication can be improved and made more effective.
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Larbi, Martin. "Green Urbanism in Contemporary Cities: A Socio-technical Transition Analysis." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120462.
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Green Urbanism evokes a wide range of ideas, images, and perceptions about how cities should be planned, developed, and/or governed to create a balance between human activities and the natural environment. In recent decades, Green Urbanism has attracted considerable research interest; however, these studies are mostly focused on defining a set of criteria for its application to cities based on the experiences of Western countries. Thus, there is a lack of adequate understanding of how Green Urbanism applies to the developing world. In addition, although the whats (criteria) of Green Urbanism are extensively discussed, the hows (transition processes) have received little treatment. Therefore, this study makes two major contributions to the existing literature on Green Urbanism. Firstly, it examines how different socio-economic contexts and local dynamics influence how Green Urbanism is conceived and applied. Secondly, it assesses the drivers of and barriers to green urban transitions, and what factors in cities provide potential sources of leverage for a transition towards Green Urbanism. It will be shown that these processes are not in general linear or predictable pathways of progress, but are complex and multifactorial. The cases of Freiburg (developed country context) and Curitiba (developing country) are analysed. Lessons from this analysis are applied to Accra-Ghana (developing country) to identify potential levers for stimulating transitions towards Green Urbanism in a developing world city. The study is based on a review of literature, questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews, GIS mapping, site observations, and a review of government policies. The factors that present opportunities and/or barriers to green urban transitions are analysed through the lens of relevant transition theory, in this case the Multi-level Perspective. Findings from the study show that Green Urbanism is not only about the physical greening of cities, but also about urban sustainability. Moreover, through the theoretical lens of the MLP, it was found that contextual socio-economic factors, known as landscape pressures, are important for creating windows of opportunity for green urban transitions to unfold. However, they must be effectively articulated to generate the needed responses from social actors, and also coalesce with developments at the niche level. The study notes two potential governance models for transition, namely top down and bottom up and debates the strengths and weaknesses of both. Given that cities are different in their social, economic, political, technological, and physical characteristics etc., the study recommends that Green Urbanism needs to be responsive to the specific requirements of its application domain.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Architecture & Built Environment, 2019
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Korteweg, Lisa Maria. "Portals, practitioners, and public knowledge : a socio-technical analysis of digital teacher education." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16953.
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This study of professional development portals developed by the UBC research consortium, the Public Knowledge Project, analyzes the research, design and implementation of these PD portals from a social as well as technological perspective. The PKP teacher education portals are examined as socio-technical systems: networks of technology, information artifacts, and people and practices interacting with the larger world of teacher education, professional knowledge practices, and educational technologies. For a teacher education portal to be accessible and usable, the users, the knowledge documents, the portal infrastructure, and the social context must be in a continuous process of enrollment and translation, aligning each other into chains of association, moving towards the goal of stabilization or realizing the portal's network. The thesis asks how we can move towards a socio-technical analysis of professional development portals in order to stave off a techno-determinist evaluation of technological artifacts that result in accounts of either doomsday failure or hypothetical success. I turn instead to an analysis of how two PKP portals made empirical differences in practitioners' professional lives and their knowledge practices, and what studying portals might tell us about information, knowledge, and social processes in teacher education. The chapters, using both empirical and analytical methods, examine the social impact of the PKP portals and the web of social and material relations in which the portals were embedded; two social worlds of teaching -pre-service and in-service- where both groups were grappling with the issues of knowledge and computer practices flooding into teaching via the Internet.Education, Faculty of
Graduate
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Ortiz, R. Paul, and Daniel F. Piermarini. "A socio-technical analysis of computer application within the Fourth Marine Aircraft Wing." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22483.
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(8921381), Ali Lenjani. "Developing Artificial Intelligence-Based Decision Support for Resilient Socio-Technical Systems." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
During 2017 and 2018, two of the costliest years on record regarding natural disasters, the U.S. experienced 30 events with total losses of $400 billion. These exuberant costs arise primarily from the lack of adequate planning spanning the breadth from pre-event preparedness to post-event response. It is imperative to start thinking about ways to make our built environment more resilient. However, empirically-calibrated and structure-specific vulnerability models, a critical input required to formulate decision-making problems, are not currently available. Here, the research objective is to improve the resilience of the built environment through an automated vision-based system that generates actionable information in the form of probabilistic pre-event prediction and post-event assessment of damage. The central hypothesis is that pre-event, e.g., street view images, along with the post-event image database, contain sufficient information to construct pre-event probabilistic vulnerability models for assets in the built environment. The rationale for this research stems from the fact that probabilistic damage prediction is the most critical input for formulating the decision-making problems under uncertainty targeting the mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. The following tasks are completed towards the goal.
First, planning for one of the bottleneck processes of the post-event recovery is formulated as a decision making problem considering the consequences imposed on the community (module 1). Second, a technique is developed to automate the process of extracting multiple street-view images of a given built asset, thereby creating a dataset that illustrates its pre-event state (module 2). Third, a system is developed that automatically characterizes the pre-event state of the built asset and quantifies the probability that it is damaged by fusing information from deep neural network (DNN) classifiers acting on pre-event and post-event images (module 3). To complete the work, a methodology is developed to enable associating each asset of the built environment with a structural probabilistic vulnerability model by correlating the pre-event structure characterization to the post-event damage state (module 4). The method is demonstrated and validated using field data collected from recent hurricanes within the US.
The vision of this research is to enable the automatic extraction of information about exposure and risk to enable smarter and more resilient communities around the world.
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Chen, Hui-Ping, and 陳惠萍. "Green Technology and Local Use: An Analysis of the Photovoltaic Socio-Technical Networks in Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/269y3j.
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博士國立臺灣大學
社會學研究所
103
This study primarily aims to examine the historical progress of converting and including photovoltaics technology into the existing energy structure, power system, and social world. Through this examination, I investigated how relevant actors (particularly lay users) in different stages worked together to configure the unique appearances of photovoltaic applications. I used multi-site ethnography and depicted the local use of photovoltaics in Taiwan through secondary literature analysis, field observation, in-depth interviews, and other data collection channels. Using “multiple socio-technical networks” as the analytical framework, the study first suggests that the development of domestic photovoltaics can be divided into three major historical processes—off-grid testing, demonstration, and popular applications—and that these processes form a structural connotation that is correlated but different in terms of purpose. Second, the study considers the aqua solar farm project in Pingtung County as an example to elaborate on the experiences of local governance and public participation in green technology, thereby demonstrating the stages of implementing photovoltaic applications. In brief, the proposed concept of multiple socio-technical networks in the study mainly involves two levels. The first level is the historical period that runs throughout technological development, and the second level is the staging process that moves toward local use. The results show that the photovoltaic socio-technical networks in Taiwan are not only multiple and disruptive but also more like a multilevel network containing power relations. Based on this, the study argues that to expand the local use of photovoltaics, we must deal with the power relations among users, promotional organizations, new/old energy industries, and local/central governments to gain an understanding of the practical problems and system constraints faced by public participation in technological development. In conclusion, the main contributions of this study are as follows. (1) The theoretical aspect: starting from the local use of socio-technical networks, the study integrates the macroscopic structure and microscopic actions of photovoltaic development and notes the importance of technology usage and public participation. (2) The experience aspect: through empirical investigation on photovoltaic development in Taiwan, the study proposes the concept of appropriate technology as well as practical reference. (3) The policy aspect: the study also proposes recommendations for domestic policies on renewable energy and clarifies that in order to promote the popularization of photovoltaic systems, the government must focus on user experience and advance planning and design that encourage greater public participation. This could serve as a policy approach toward the democratization of energy.
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"Complex Systems Approach for Simulation & Analysis of Socio-Technical Infrastructure Systems - An Empirical Demonstration." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57077.
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abstract: Over the past century, the world has become increasingly more complex. Modern systems (i.e blockchain, internet of things (IoT), and global supply chains) are inherently difficult to comprehend due to their high degree of connectivity. Understanding the nature of complex systems becomes an acutely more critical skill set for managing socio-technical infrastructure systems. As existing education programs and technical analysis approaches fail to teach and describe modern complexities, resulting consequences have direct impacts on real-world systems. Complex systems are characterized by exhibiting nonlinearity, interdependencies, feedback loops, and stochasticity. Since these four traits are counterintuitive, those responsible for managing complex systems may struggle in identifying these underlying relationships and decision-makers may fail to account for their implications or consequences when deliberating systematic policies or interventions.
This dissertation details the findings of a three-part study on applying complex systems modeling techniques to exemplar socio-technical infrastructure systems. In the research articles discussed hereafter, various modeling techniques are contrasted in their capacity for simulating and analyzing complex, adaptive systems. This research demonstrates the empirical value of a complex system approach as twofold: (i) the technique explains systems interactions which are often neglected or ignored and (ii) its application has the capacity for teaching systems thinking principles. These outcomes serve decision-makers by providing them with further empirical analysis and granting them a more complete understanding on which to base their decisions.
The first article examines modeling techniques, and their unique aptitudes are compared against the characteristics of complex systems to establish which methods are most qualified for complex systems analysis. Outlined in the second article is a proof of concept piece on using an interactive simulation of the Los Angeles water distribution system to teach complex systems thinking skills for the improved management of socio-technical infrastructure systems. Lastly, the third article demonstrates the empirical value of this complex systems approach for analyzing infrastructure systems through the construction of a systems dynamics model of the Arizona educational-workforce system, across years 1990 to 2040. The model explores a series of dynamic hypotheses and allows stakeholders to compare policy interventions for improving educational and economic outcome measures.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Systems Engineering 2020
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Everitt-Deering, Patricia. "The adoption of information and communication technologies by rural general practitioners: a socio technical analysis." Thesis, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1412/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis has been supported by an ARC Industry Linkage grant and sought to explain the process of adoption of information technologies by comparing two main theories that have been developed to explain adoption of innovations, that of innovation diffusion and that of actor network theory. In the process of analysis for this thesis I decided very early on that the better way of explaining the pattern of adoption was by using the framework of actor network theory supported by qualitative methodology. A major contribution of this thesis could be seen as an ANT analysis of IT/IM in general practice. It appears that the multi partner, multi discipline research approach was a success for it created the opportunity to draw on diverse backgrounds. More importantly this research indicates that the qualitative research methodology of Actor Network Analysis has delivered an insight that is richer in data than the quantitative research that is usually undertaken in this field. This process assisted with enlightening the barriers and enablers to the adoption of information technology/information management (IT/IM) in general practice in a particular study area and to explain why, in the study area the pattern is fragmented and unclear. This study found it is important to note the difference between the adoption of IT/IM by general practice and adoption and use by general practitioners. The adoption process has been complex and many stakeholders have grappled with issues such as the cost of computerization, the rapid changes in technology, the lack of agreed standards and the problems of introducing technology information solutions in to the daily work place of general practice. Through comparison via case studies, extended interviews and implementing several study phases to develop a longitudinal aspect for the research, the teasing out of such issues as decision making in general practice and general practice as small business was undertaken. Through review of models that seek to explain adoption I will finalise by formalizing which theory of adoption better suits explanation of adoption of innovation within this study area. This thesis reports that while there are generally pockets of high uptake and use of IT/IM, this is not the complete picture across the study area and this reflects the situation in Australia. There are differences in adoption from one practice to another and even within practices; there are differences in adoption in terms of acceptance of an idea versus doing; in the study area there is only one practice which can reasonably claim to be paperless. Throughout this thesis a series of vignettes will be developed which set out to provide a whole play. Each vignette presents an aspect in the total picture of computerization. This thesis does not set out to provide the whole picture as that is still a work in progress, as such this thesis has no definite border, and the vignettes will sometimes show only the head and shoulders of the story with the background fading off. Other vignettes are very clear but as with all vignettes there are questions about the shaded areas. It is in these areas that questions arise to demonstrate there is greater depth in the story of the adoption of IT/IM in general practice in the study area, and, that adoption of IT/IM in general practice is complex and a continuing developmental story.
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Everitt-Deering, Patricia. "The adoption of information and communication technologies by rural general practitioners a socio technical analysis /." 2008. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/1412/1/everittdeering.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis has been supported by an ARC Industry Linkage grant and sought to explain the process of adoption of information technologies by comparing two main theories that have been developed to explain adoption of innovations, that of innovation diffusion and that of actor network theory. In the process of analysis for this thesis I decided very early on that the better way of explaining the pattern of adoption was by using the framework of actor network theory supported by qualitative methodology. A major contribution of this thesis could be seen as an ANT analysis of IT/IM in general practice. It appears that the multi partner, multi discipline research approach was a success for it created the opportunity to draw on diverse backgrounds. More importantly this research indicates that the qualitative research methodology of Actor Network Analysis has delivered an insight that is richer in data than the quantitative research that is usually undertaken in this field. This process assisted with enlightening the barriers and enablers to the adoption of information technology/information management (IT/IM) in general practice in a particular study area and to explain why, in the study area the pattern is fragmented and unclear. This study found it is important to note the difference between the adoption of IT/IM by general practice and adoption and use by general practitioners. The adoption process has been complex and many stakeholders have grappled with issues such as the cost of computerization, the rapid changes in technology, the lack of agreed standards and the problems of introducing technology information solutions in to the daily work place of general practice. Through comparison via case studies, extended interviews and implementing several study phases to develop a longitudinal aspect for the research, the teasing out of such issues as decision making in general practice and general practice as small business was undertaken. Through review of models that seek to explain adoption I will finalise by formalizing which theory of adoption better suits explanation of adoption of innovation within this study area. This thesis reports that while there are generally pockets of high uptake and use of IT/IM, this is not the complete picture across the study area and this reflects the situation in Australia. There are differences in adoption from one practice to another and even within practices; there are differences in adoption in terms of acceptance of an idea versus doing; in the study area there is only one practice which can reasonably claim to be paperless. Throughout this thesis a series of vignettes will be developed which set out to provide a whole play. Each vignette presents an aspect in the total picture of computerization. This thesis does not set out to provide the whole picture as that is still a work in progress, as such this thesis has no definite border, and the vignettes will sometimes show only the head and shoulders of the story with the background fading off. Other vignettes are very clear but as with all vignettes there are questions about the shaded areas. It is in these areas that questions arise to demonstrate there is greater depth in the story of the adoption of IT/IM in general practice in the study area, and, that adoption of IT/IM in general practice is complex and a continuing developmental story.
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Huang, Jyun-Da, and 黃俊達. "Analysis of IS development project risks base on socio-technical model – a case of information system reform project." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w95y97.
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碩士淡江大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
102
Under the limited resources, the resource allocation is a critical issue for the project management. However, the project managers, business managers, IT stuff or users may have conflicts about resource allocation. From their difference or conflicts aspects, risk management is important for large scale and complex project development as the functions across various organizations. Moreover, assessment of risk solutions also reflects how organization allocates resources to maintain or reduce risks. Based on the previous mention, it is important to understand the risk identification and the solutions which are proposed by the participants who were in the difference positions. In this study, there are two research questions. First, what are the risks identified by difference participants? Second, what are solutions proposed for controlling the risks identified in the system development process? There are 12 participants collected for this study, included 8 project managers, 4 analysts, and we employed content analysis. The result shows that various risks are identified by different stakeholders, because of their position and responsibility in this project. Across different views, they proposed the solutions to accomplish their group goals and to manage the risks. Based on our findings, we suggest that managers may not understand the risks management from project managers’ or key members’ views.
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"Germany's Energy Transition Experiment: A Case Study about Guiding Decisions and Steering Large Socio-Technical Systems in Desired Directions." Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.49242.
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abstract: The Energiewende aims to drastically reduce Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions, without relying on nuclear power, while maintaining a secure and affordable energy supply. Since 2000 the country’s renewable-energy share has increased exponentially, accounting in 2017 for over a third of Germany's gross electricity consumption. This unprecedented achievement is the result of policies, tools, and institutional arrangements intended to steer society to a low-carbon economy. Despite its resounding success in renewable-energy deployment, the Energiewende is not on track to meet its decarbonization goals. Energiewende rules and regulations have generated numerous undesired consequences, and have cost much more than anticipated, a burden borne primarily by energy consumers. Why has the Energiewende not only made energy more expensive, but also failed to bring Germany closer to its decarbonization goals? I analyzed the Energiewende as a complex socio-technical system, examining its legal framework and analyzing the consequences of successive regulations; identifying major political and energy players and the factors that motivated them to pursue socio-technical change; and documenting the political trends and events in which the Energiewende is rooted and which continue to shape it. I analyzed the dynamics and the loopholes that created barriers to transition, pushed the utility sector to the brink of dissolution, and led to such undesirable outcomes as negative wholesale prices and forced exports of electricity to Germany’s European neighbors. Thirty high-level energy experts and stakeholders were interviewed to find out how the best-informed members of German society perceive the Energiewende. Surprisingly, although they were highly critical of the way the transition has unfolded, most were convinced that the transition would eventually succeed. But their definitions of success did not always depend on achieving carbon-mitigation targets. Indeed, Germany jeopardizes the achievement of these targets by changing too many policy and institutional variables at too fast a pace. Good intentions and commitment are not enough to create economies based on intermittent energy sources: they will also require intensive grid expansion and breakthroughs in storage technology. The Energiewende demonstrates starkly that collective action driven by robust political consensus is not sufficient for steering complex socio-technical systems in desired directions.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2018
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Doroshenko, Laurie L. "Using a model of the instructional design process in a complex socio-technical organization : a description and analysis of problems encountered." Thesis, 1985. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/5503/1/ML30644.pdf.
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Cunha, Maria Eduarda Santos. "Analysing Socio-Technical Systems Through Social Simulation." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130047.
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Cunha, Maria Eduarda Santos. "Analysing Socio-Technical Systems Through Social Simulation." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130047.
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Moglia, Magnus Mikael. "Water management in the developing town: a complex systems perspective." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8971.
Full textAbstract:
Provision of water services is a critical strategy for addressing worldwide poverty, and this is one of the most pressing challenges of current times and is linked to population growth and climate change. Progress has been slow in achieving even the Millennium Development Goals aimed at improving coverage of adequate water services and professionals are struggling to cope with the diversity and scale of situations. Water services provision is a context-dependent process and many types of situations are very challenging, such as that of small developing towns. This thesis addresses the problems of urban centres in Pacific Island Countries and the aim is to provide formal explanations of difficulties in these locations to support recommendations that recognize local constraints and opportunities to best practice management. This is achieved largely by employing a perspective based on the science of Complex Adaptive Systems. This perspective has been
chosen in recognition that water management incorporates complex interactions between social, technical and natural systems. The research is case study based, focusing primarily on Tarawa in the Pacific Island nation of Kiribati. The methodology includes historical review of the case study, and the use of historical review, as well as interviews and observation in the field as well as a cross-cutting email-based Delphi survey. This has generated qualitative and quantitative data to allow for the formulation of scientific models, an Agent Based Model describing the complex interactions involved in water service delivery; and Bayesian Network models describing the factors impacting on the chances of successful management interventions. With improved explanation of the complex situation, this has been used to support the formulation of a strategic and adaptive governance framework; aiming to introduce much needed organisational memory, and a consistent strategic direction set on the basis of the effective stakeholder interaction. By recognising weakness in capacity, it is possible to turn these into strengths by building and utilising local knowledge and commitment.Pascal Perez