Journal articles on the topic 'Socio-spatial relation'
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Martins, Eunice Francisca, Edna Maria Rezende, Maria Cristina de Mattos Almeida, and Francisco Carlos Felix Lana. "Perinatal mortality and socio-spatial inequalities." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 21, no. 5 (September 2013): 1062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692013000500008.
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OBJECTIVE: to analyze the social inequalities in the distribution of perinatal mortality in Belo Horizonte. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the perinatal deaths of residents in Belo Horizonte in the period 2003 to 2007 were studied on the basis of the Information Systems on Mortality and Newborns. The space analysis and the Health Vulnerability Index were used to identify existing inequalities in the sanitary districts regarding coverage and risk, determined by the Odds Ratio and a value p<0.05. The multivariate analysis was used to describe a model for perinatal mortality. RESULTS: there was a proved variation in the numbers of perinatal mortality per one thousand total births in the sanitary districts (12.5 to 19.4), coverage areas (5.3 to 49.4) and areas of risk (13.2 to 20.7). The mortality rate diminished as the maternal schooling increased. The death rates deriving from asphyxia/hypoxia and non-specified fetal death grew with the increase of risk in the area. CONCLUSION: it was verified that the perinatal deaths are distributed in a differentiated form in relation to the space and the social vulnerabilities. The confrontation of this complex problem requires the establishment of intersecting partnerships.
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Peet, Richard. "Materialism, Social Formation and Socio-Spatial Relations : an Essay in Marxist Geography." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 22, no. 56 (April 12, 2005): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021390ar.
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Marxist geography is a part of marxist science and as such it has the relative autonomy of the instances of the societal whole studied. These instances or the relations between instances which are the object of marxist geography are first the dialectical relation between social formations and the natural world and second the spatial dialectic between components of a social formation embedded into space or between social formations in different regions. Hence the need to refer to the concepts of mode of production and of social formation and to define and illustrate the concept of spatial dialectic and the development of contradictions in space.
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Bhatta, Gopal Datta, and Werner Doppler. "Socio-Economic and Environmental Aspects of Farming Practices in the Peri-Urban Hinterlands of Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 11 (September 16, 2010): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v11i0.3649.
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Spatial location of the farm households shapes farming practices and livelihoods of the farmers. Many socio-economic variables have strong spatial relations that would otherwise be missed by data aggregation at household level. Geographic Information System (GIS) provides display and analysis of socio-economic data that may be fundamental for many social scientists to understand socio-economic reality influenced by geographical position of the farm households. Present article aims at integrating socio-economic data into GIS environment to examine spatial relation in the resource availability and use employing spatial and random sampling techniques. Result demonstrates the variation in the socioeconomic attributes along the spatial gradient which is mainly related to the infrastructures such as road, market and improved agro-inputs. While households with better access to these infrastructures have tendency to use more agro-chemicals, have larger family, land holding and livestock units, better off-farm opportunities, commercial farming orientation and hence higher family income; opposite is true for the households with poor access to these infrastructures. Peri-urban farmlands, wherever agro-chemicals are applied imprudently, faces the problems of agro-ecological degradation while rural subsistence farming faces the problem of spatial poverty.Key words: Data integration; GIS; Nepal; Peri-urban area; Spatial explicit assessmentThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 26-39Uploaded Date: 15 September, 2010
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Tembo, Kwasu David. "Social and Spatial Representations of the Nerd in Donnie Darko." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 9, no. 3 (August 3, 2022): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v9i3.917.
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The nerds of 20th and 21st century global pop and visual culture have taken various forms over the decades. In a plethora of media - from video games to comic books to film - individuals associated with this subject position have typically been shown to be on the periphery of socio-spatially determined spaces of value. Through contemporary North American high school dramas, comedies, romances, and thrillers ranging from The Faculty (1998) to She’s All That (1999) to The Twilight Saga (2008-2012), these socio-spatial spaces of value are typically associated with social capital and popularity. Richard Kelly’s protagonist in his directorial debut Donnie Darko (2001) raises interesting questions concerning the relationship between the nerd, the outsider and the loner, and their relation to social and personal space. In socio-spatial terms, Donnie calls into question the value and power of socio-spatially determined zones of value if one sees such spaces and structures as valueless in principium. This paper conducts a close reading of Donnie Darko, beginning with the assumption that Donnie is a nerd and, parsing the character through the socio-spatial relations of a variety of adolescent subject positions, what Donnie Darko ultimately uncovers about identity, space, and value.
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Ishak, Rahmi Amin, Slamet Trisutomo, Ria Wikantari, and Afifah Harisah. "Socio-Spatial Relation in Small Island (Case Study: Karanrang Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia)." Civil Engineering and Architecture 9, no. 7 (December 2021): 2326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/cea.2021.090720.
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Lopez, Antonella, Alessandro Germani, Luigi Tinella, Alessandro Oronzo Caffò, Albert Postma, and Andrea Bosco. "The Road More Travelled: The Differential Effects of Spatial Experience in Young and Elderly Participants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020709.
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Our spatial mental representations allow us to give refined descriptions of the environment in terms of the relative locations and distances between objects and landmarks. In this study, we investigated the effects of familiarity with the everyday environment, in terms of frequency of exploration and mode of transportation, on categorical and coordinate spatial relations, on young and elderly participants, controlling for socio-demographic factors. Participants were tested with a general anamnesis, a neuropsychological assessment, measures of explorations and the Landmark Positioning on a Map task. The results showed: (a) a modest difference in performance with categorical spatial relations; (b) a larger difference in coordinate spatial relations; (c) a significant moderating effect of age on the relationship between familiarity and spatial relations, with a stronger relation among the elderly than the young. Ceteris paribus, the role of direct experience with exploring their hometown on spatial mental representations appeared to be more important in the elderly than in the young. This advantage appears to make the elderly wiser and likely protects them from the detrimental effects of aging on spatial mental representations.
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Di Ludovico, Donato. "Analysis of European land transport network, MEGAs and socio-economic setting through Territorial Frames model." European Transport/Trasporti Europei 81, ET.2021 (March 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.81.8.
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The paper illustrates an innovative method, Territorial Frames (TFs) model based, to analyse in the European context the relation among the spatial distribution of the main urban and productive agglomerations (MEGA), the territorial socio-economic setting and the endowment and performance features of the land transport network. The proposed model allows the spatial context to be divided into a multi-scalar sum of TFs, conceived and designed as parts of the territory, with homogeneous spatial and socio-economic characteristics, delimited by multimodal transportation corridors. The assumptions for model construction is illustrated and the final European TFs (ETFs) spatial outline is proposed. In addition, through the introduction of appropriate indices, for each ETF several analyses of correlation between the socio-economic and transport network endowment/features aspects have been carried out. The results, illustrated and discussed both in numerical and spatial terms, show a close correlation between the above aspects.
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Hrynchyshyn, Iryna, and Maryana Bas-Yurchyshyn. "ASSESSMENT OF THE CORE-PERIPHERY EFFECTS IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION." Economic Analysis, no. 31(3) (2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.03.016.
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The article is dedicated to the evaluation of the centre and periphery effects in the socio-economic development of the region. Goal. The purpose is to assess the core and peripheral effects of the impact on socio-economic development of the region. Method (methodology). Methods of logical generalization, analysis, comparison and synthesis, integrated assessment, spatial autocorrelation are used to assess of the levels of core-periphery relations in the region. Results. The core-periphery relations are a multilevel hierarchy with a representation of economic, social and spatial aspects. The core-periphery relation in the region is an evidence of a complex system of subordination where the core area causes most of the effects and directs the development. At the same time, different core areas of development may arise and influence on the periphery territory by absorbing its resources in the process of development of core-periphery relations. A methodical approach for evaluation of the core-periphery relations has been suggested. The methodical approach comprises: the identification of core-periphery relation in the region under the influence of the centre: the distinction of economic “growth points” and areas of their impact on the region (inner periphery and outer periphery); the assessment of the intensity of the centre or “growth points” impacts on the region. The analysis revealed a core and “growth points”, identified periphery areas in Lviv region, measured the influence of the cities of regional significance. The core-periphery relations in the region can be identified as multilevel hierarchy with economic, social and spatial aspects. Analyzing the core-periphery relations from this point of view we have distinguished features and types of such relations between territorial communities (core, “growth point”, and periphery). We have identified some areas with low levels of integration into the regional economic space and low level of social development. For such territorial communities, a differentiated approach should be implemented in order to boost economic growth along with the level of social development. Moreover, we have determined the spread of positive effects from the cities of regional significance to the socio-economic development of the region, as well as identified areas beyond their influence.
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Zhou, Bin, Stephan Thies, Ramana Gudipudi, Matthias K. B. Lüdeke, Jürgen P. Kropp, and Diego Rybski. "A Gini approach to spatial CO2 emissions." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): e0242479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242479.
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Combining global gridded population and fossil fuel based CO2 emission data at 1 km scale, we investigate the spatial origin of CO2 emissions in relation to the population distribution within countries. We depict the correlations between these two datasets by a quasi-Lorenz curve which enables us to discern the individual contributions of densely and sparsely populated regions to the national CO2 emissions. We observe pronounced country-specific characteristics and quantify them using an indicator resembling the Gini-index. As demonstrated by a robustness test, the Gini-index for each country arise from a compound distribution between the population and emissions which differs among countries. Relating these indices with the degree of socio-economic development measured by per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at purchase power parity, we find a strong negative correlation between the two quantities with a Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.71. More specifically, this implies that in developing countries locations with large population tend to emit relatively more CO2, and in developed countries the opposite tends to be the case. Based on the relation to urban scaling, we discuss the implications for CO2 emissions from cities. Our results show that general statements with regard to the (in)efficiency of large cities should be avoided as it is subject to the socio-economic development of respective countries. Concerning the political relevance, our results suggest a differentiated spatial prioritization in deploying climate change mitigation measures in cities for developed and developing countries.
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Boterman, Willem, Sako Musterd, Carolina Pacchi, and Costanzo Ranci. "School segregation in contemporary cities: Socio-spatial dynamics, institutional context and urban outcomes." Urban Studies 56, no. 15 (September 24, 2019): 3055–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019868377.
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Social and social-spatial inequality are on the rise in the Global North. This has resulted in increasing segmentation between population groups with different social and ethnic backgrounds, and in differentiated access to cultural and material assets. With these changes, the relation between segregation in the educational sphere and segregation in the residential sphere has become crucial for understanding social reproduction and intergenerational social mobility. However, knowledge about this relation is still limited. We argue that the institutional and spatial contexts are key dimensions to consider if we want to expand this knowledge. The institutional context regards the extent of public funding, the degree to which parental choice and/or geographical proximity drive school selection, the role and status of private schools and the religious and pedagogical pluralism of the educational system. The spatial context refers to the geographies of education: the ethnic and social composition of school populations and their reputations; the underlying levels and trends of residential segregation; and the spatial distribution of schools in urban space. In this introduction to the special issue we will address these interrelated dimensions, with reference to theoretical and empirical contributions from the existing body of literature; and with reference to the contributions in this special issue. School segregation emerges from the studies included in this special issue as a relevant issue, differently framed according to the institutional and spatial contexts. A comparative typology will be proposed to illustrate how school segregation is peculiarly shaped in different national and local contexts.
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Rannila, Päivi, and Virve Repo. "Property and carceral spaces in Christiania, Copenhagen." Urban Studies 55, no. 13 (July 24, 2017): 2996–3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017713447.
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This article addresses the recent legal and property changes, and their socio-spatial consequences in Christiania, Copenhagen. During recent years the community that has always been against private ownership has lost its special legal status, and has become a property owner of a vast area in the middle of Copenhagen. We analyse the situation in relation to Christiania’s current housing condition, individual residents’ privatisation efforts, and decades-long normalisation efforts by the state. We argue that the processes of normalisation, legalisation, criminalisation and privatisation are expressions of the carceral in more-than-institutional context, and that questions of property are strongly involved in these carceral practices in Christiania. Not only in the relations between Christiania and the state, but also in socio-spatial relations inside of the community, defining who is included or excluded, or how people behave towards each other. Moreover, a part of the community is cultivating a carceral culture towards those in favour of privatisation, using the rights of the property owner and the community’s ideologies as justifications.
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Klonowska-Matynia, Maria. "Human Capital as a Source of Energy for Rural Areas’ Socio-Economic Development—Empirical Evidence for Rural Areas in Poland." Energies 15, no. 21 (November 5, 2022): 8281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218281.
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This article deals with the issue of human capital as a factor responsible for the emergence of development inequalities in rural areas. Its main goal is to analyze and evaluate the existing differences in the distribution of human capital resources in rural areas in Poland in relation to their socio-economic situation. The essence of human capital is expressed through the analogy of energy and capital in relation to the concept of homo energeticus. The essence of human capital is also expressed in terms of two components of its structure, i.e., health and the labor market. The level of human capital was expressed using two synthetic measures, i.e., the human capital ratio in the field of health (HCH) and the labor market (HCLM). The obtained research results indicate the existing differences in the spatial distribution of human capital, resulting in a polarization effect in the center-periphery system, and showing relations with the socio-economic structure of rural areas, their agricultural function, and the ongoing population processes. The assumption about the existing relations between the individual components of the structure of human capital, i.e., health and the labor market, with the socio-economic situation of individual communes should be considered correct. The obtained results of the empirical analysis constitute an important contribution to the description of the mechanism explaining the causes of the existing disproportions in the level of rural development; they allow for a more optimal planning of the instruments supporting their development at the local level. The empirical analysis was carried out in spatial terms with regard to rural areas in Poland defined in accordance with the administrative criterion of the Central Statistical Office at the lowest local (rural) level of data aggregation. The analysis covers rural and urban-rural communes in Poland, i.e., 2172 spatial units. The source of data for the synthetic measures (HCH and HCLM) was Local Data Bank Statistics Poland (LDB SP), and that for the indicator of the level of socio-economic development for rural areas (S-EDI) was the European Fund for Polish Rural Development (EFRWP).
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Maslikhina, V. Yu. "Scenario planning for the development of spatial economic and social systems: Methodological approaches." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 18, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 1839–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.18.10.1839.
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Subject. This article reviews and systematizes methodological approaches to generate scenarios and develop a scenario planning algorithm in relation to spatial socio-economic systems. Objectives. The article aims to analyze and classify scenarios and algorithms of scenario planning, as well as choose and justify an approach to scenario planning of the development of spatial socio-economic systems. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, and classification. Results. The article clarifies the definitions of Scenario and Scenario Planning and categorizes scenarios according to different criteria. It reveals the gap between the theory and practice of scenario planning in Russian regions. The article also offers certain recommendations on the use of scenarios in regional planning. Conclusions. The article concludes that the hybrid approach in scenario planning of the development of spatial socio-economic systems (countries, regions, cities, municipalities) is more preferable than the exploratory or normative ones.
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Ismail, Salwa. "Urban Subalterns in the Arab Revolutions: Cairo and Damascus in Comparative Perspective." Comparative Studies in Society and History 55, no. 4 (September 19, 2013): 865–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417513000443.
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AbstractThis paper investigates the role of urban subalterns both as participatory agents in the Arab revolutions and as mediating forces against revolutionary action. It argues that during revolutionary periods the positioning of subalterns as a political force should be understood in relation to their socio-spatial location in the urban political configuration. Looking at the protest movements in Cairo and Damascus, the paper examines the differentiated locations of subaltern actors in each to demonstrate how their positioning in relation to state and government has shaped their engagement in the revolutions. In Cairo, the mobilization of subaltern forces was anchored in spatialized forms of everyday interaction between popular forces and agents of government. These interactions were formative of urban subjectivities that entered into the making of “the people” as the subject of the Revolution. In Damascus, the configuration of the urban space and the Syrian regime's modes of control made it difficult for subaltern forces to mobilize on the same scale as in Cairo or to form a unified opposition. The regime instrumentalized socio-spatial fragmentation among subalterns, in effect turning some segments, as buffers for the regime, against others. In analytical terms, the paper underscores the common conceptual ground between the categories of “urban popular forces” and “urban subalterns.” This ground covers their socio-spatial positionality, their bases of action, and the factors shaping their political subjectivities.
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Wongphyat, Waricha. "A Proxemic Study of Waterfront Shophouses at the Hua Takhe Market, Bangkok, Thailand." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 16 (June 30, 2019): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj201916101118.
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Given that a physical environment is a manifestation of its socio-cultural context, this paper seeks to examine the development of the Hua Takhe settlement, the physical components of the community, the socio-spatial interconnection, and the spatial essences of the waterfront shophouses in relation to the ownership patterns. Based on field surveys, oral histories, and observations, the research employs Hall’s theory of space to extricate the anthropological aspects of the case studies. It is noted that different types of ownership, i.e. inherited and long-term rental, affect the physical and spatial transformations as well as the social proxemics of the shophouses. This paper concludes the intimate space, the intermediary space, the spaces in space, the dialogical space, and the communal space as the key components of the waterfront dwellings in the new context.
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Dias, Pierre, and Thierry Ramadier. "Social trajectory and socio-spatial representation of urban space: The relation between social and cognitive structures." Journal of Environmental Psychology 41 (March 2015): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.12.002.
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Mulyadi, Lalu. "The Character and the Spatial Concepts of Cakranegara The Hist orical City of Indonesia as an Alternative Urban Design." Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya 2, no. 1 (February 12, 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v2i1.19.
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<p>The main challenge in Indonesian urban conservation efforts is to determine how changes can meet�our current needs without jeopardizing its unique character. Cakranegara, Lombok is one of the towns�that have unique character and concept for its spatial organization. This research seeks to define the�character of Cakranegara by outlining the spatial city concepts in relation to the physical character based�on the socio-cultural and religious principles using questionnaires, mental mapping, visual survey�and interviews. The results indicate that the grid pattern, settlement blocks and the positioning of the<br />east-west temples have become the specific character of the city. Findings suggest that cosmological�philosophy that emphasizes on the relationship between human and nature is used to determine�the spatial organization. This relationship is observed in the placement of the three temples which<br />symbolizes the spirit, the dwellers as the energy and the settlement territorial as the vessel. The study�concludes that the basic principles of socio-cultural and the socio-religious beliefs had created the�spatial concept of this historic town.</p>
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Chibilyov (Jr), A. A., D. S. Meleshkin, and D. V. Grigorevsky. "Spatial assessment of the socio‐economic framework of the Russian steppe regions." South of Russia: ecology, development 15, no. 3 (October 19, 2020): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2020-3-53-65.
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Aim. The goal of the study is a spatial assessment of the socio-economic framework in the steppe regions of Russia. Characteristics of the density of the socio-ecological framework and the degree of development of its core cities were represented to achieve the goal.Material and Methods. A methodology is proposed for assessing the level of development of the socio-economic framework based on the conjugate analysis of 6 indicators of the density index of the socio-economic framework and 9 indicators of the developmental index of the core cities of the socio-economic framework for 18 steppe regions of Russia.Results. A schematic map representing the spatial distribution of the indices studied was produced. A range of urbanisation process features in the regions of the steppe zone of Russia was revealed. In the eastern part, the formation of megalopoli is difficult and the development of agglomeration processes is hampered by the considerable distance from each other of large core cities. Highly urbanised territories might be formed in the western part of the region studied in the course of advanced development. In this connection, disproportions in density indices of the socio-economic framework between the southwest and east regions are noted. Maximum values (4 and more) are recorded in the Belgorod Oblast, Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Adygea and the Republic of Crimea and minimum (less than 2.5) in border and remote regions (Altai Territory, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Kurgan, Orenburg Oblasts and the Republic of Kalmykia).Conclusion. The development of the socio-economic framework in the mezoregion studied is a mirror reflection of the spatial arrangement of economy and population in the steppe zone of Russia. It is confirmed by a close relation between the development index of core cities in the socio-economic framework and the value of gross regional product. According to the Chaddock scale, the coefficient of correlation between appropriate indicators is 0.94.
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Galacho-Jiménez, Federico Benjamín, David Carruana-Herrera, Julián Molina, and José Damián Ruiz-Sinoga. "Tempo-Spatial Modelling of the Spread of COVID-19 in Urban Spaces." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 9764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159764.
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The relationship between the social structure of urban spaces and the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic is becoming increasingly evident. Analyzing the socio-spatial structure in relation to cases may be one of the keys to explaining the ways in which this contagious disease and its variants spread. The aim of this study is to propose a set of variables selected from the social context and the spatial structure and to evaluate the temporal spread of infections and their different degrees of intensity according to social areas. We define a model to represent the relationship between the socio-spatial structure of the urban space and the spatial distribution of pandemic cases. We draw on the theory of social area analysis and apply multivariate analysis techniques to check the results in the urban space of the city of Malaga (Spain). The proposed model should be considered capable of explaining the functioning of the relationships between societal structure, socio-spatial segregation, and the spread of the pandemic. In this paper, the study of the origins and consequences of COVID-19 from different scientific perspectives is considered a necessary approach to understanding this phenomenon. The personal and social consequences of the pandemic have been exceptional and have changed many aspects of social life in urban spaces, where it has also had a greater impact. We propose a geostatistical analysis model that can explain the functioning of the relationships between societal structure, socio-spatial segregation, and the temporal evolution of the pandemic. Rather than an aprioristic theory, this paper is a study by the authors to interpret the disparity in the spread of the pandemic as shown by the infection data.
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Rae, Alasdair. "The illusion of transparency: the geography of mortgage lending in Great Britain." Journal of European Real Estate Research 8, no. 2 (August 3, 2015): 172–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-08-2014-0030.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the geography of mortgage lending in Great Britain. It uses a new mortgage dataset as a way to shed light on the spatial distribution of mortgage finance and to highlight the different lending patterns of seven major UK banks. It also examines the relationship between the distribution of mortgage finance and socio-economic status at the local level. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on simple quantitative techniques, including spatial analysis, location quotient analysis and socio-economic classification. Lending data for Great Britain’s 10,000 postcode sectors are the basis for analysis here. Findings – The results suggest that some banks lend significantly less than others in poorer areas, but, owing to a lack of data, it is not possible to say why. It is possible to identify banks that appear to change their lending patterns in areas with different socio-economic characteristics. The paper concludes by reflecting on key messages and by making a small number of recommendations to improve transparency in the sector. Research limitations/implications – In the absence of demand-side metrics, it is not possible to determine which banks lend disproportionately high or low amounts in poorer areas. Practical implications – This paper has implications in relation to increasing financial transparency in the residential mortgage sector. The most important implication would be to highlight the fact that this new data – whilst a welcome development – is a long way from providing proper transparency in the mortgage lending sector. Originality/value – This paper fills a gap in the international literature in relation to our understanding of the geography of mortgage lending in a major world economy. It also highlights important differential lending patterns in relation to socio-economic status at the sub-national level.
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Liu, Huiming, and Bin Li. "Changes of Spatial Characteristics: Socio-Cultural Sustainability in Historical Neighborhood in Beijing, China." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 6212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116212.
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This paper uses a typological approach as a tool to establish an analytical framework from a physical perspective to understand ‘place‘ and to identify key spatial characteristics that could adapt to local needs to deliver socio-cultural sustainability. Six representative housing types with their spaces and uses that were introduced in a historic neighborhood in Beijing, China are selected as case studies. Their morphological characteristics at the building, open space and neighborhood scales are examined, and typological transformations among the cases in terms of the degree of spatial continuity are identified. The paper proposes an analytical framework consisting of fifteen indicators to assess socio-cultural sustainability at the different morphological scales (building, open space and block/neighborhood) of the residents of the six cases. The score of changes from its original design is brought into calculations of continuities of spatial characteristics, which present the transitions and transformations of morphological characteristics in relation to adaptation of local needs and uses. The analysis results show that the spatial characteristics were changed when political-socioeconomic ideologies changed, and local needs and uses were transformed to follow these mutations, and finally, the methods of use in different morphological scales mostly differed from historical norms. Although the continuities of spatial characteristics were significantly changed, they are positively and continually accommodating the transformations and transitions of local needs and uses. On the other hand, the invariant spatial characteristics are important, which last despite transformation of the city development and changing of political-social-economic ideologies, and could be maintained for future development to enhance sociocultural sustainability.
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Minat, Valerij N. "Modeling the Spatial Development of the US Cross-Border Regions as Mesolevel Socio-Economic Systems." Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 3 (September 23, 2022): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33293/1609-1442-2022-3(98)-83-96.
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The cross-border nature of the spatial development of economically and socially significant regions identified in the geospace of the largest federal states of the modern world necessitates their study from the standpoint of the mesoeconomics of development as complex, open and dynamic systems in space-time. The object of this study is the cross-border regions of the United States with Mexico and Canada, which are distinguished by a characteristic set of specific properties of both system-structural and socio-economic nature. According to the systemic economic theory, the identified cross-border regions of the United States show the principle of duality of spatial development, and within the framework of evolutionary theory – a specific “socio-economic genotype” of the territory. Using elements of mesoeconomic modeling, the author identified and substantiated some trends in the spatial development of different groups of cross-border regions of the United States over a long time period of 1970–2020 and as a forecast until 2030. Based on a comparative analysis carried out on the results of modeling and testing, the author's hypothesis about a multidirectional change in the dynamics of indicators of socio-economic spatial development, which depends on the regional features of the spatiotemporal evolution of specific transboundary territories, is confirmed – as socio-economic systems of the mesolevel. The obtained results, revealing the spatial dependence of the data, indicate the growth of spatial relationships of both social and economic nature within the studied cross-border regions of the United States, which determine the spatiotemporal evolution of the latter in the geoeconomic and geocultural space of the United States and neighboring states. Based on the results of mesoeconomic modeling, the existence of an evolutionary-cyclical nature and duality of the studied mesosystems is empirically confirmed, having their own socio-economic genotype of territories, depending on the insurmountable specifics of spatial diversity and unevenness in the conditions of the market organization of American society. The main conclusion is that regional interest, which has dialectical unity and variability, manifested over time, causes different directions and levels of spatial development of specific regions of the United States as integral dynamic and open socio-economic systems of the mesoterritorial level, reflecting the gradual increase in economic regionalization. The approach used, taking into account the specifics of spatial development, is of interest for the study of similar subject issues in relation to large federal states that have a transboundary nature of genetically determined socio-economic interaction.
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Rahadini, A. "The relation between historical context and structural change in Central Java and Yogyakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 969, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/969/1/012075.
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Abstract The basis argument of this study departures from the spatial differences between north and south region of Central Java. The north-south corridor classification derives from the rapid growth in north coastal region and the prosperous inland principalities in south-central region during Java colonial. The rivalry between The Dutch and inland principalities to attain absolute control over north-east region indicates that the north corridor plays the primary region. This geographical interpretation of north-(interior)-south region has been embedded in mind. This study explores the spatial pattern of socio-economic distribution in Central Java and Yogyakarta based on regional specialization. The result of the simple Location Quotient (??) indicator from 1990-2010 shows that structural change from the agriculture to the non-agriculture sectors was mostly found in the north corridor. On the contrary, the primary sector in south corridor remained agriculture.
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GROSSMAN, DAVID. "RURAL POLARIZATION – THE RELATION BETWEEN POPULATION, SPATIAL PATTERNS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS: THE CASE OF SOUTHWESTERN CHESHIRE, ENGLAND." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 78, no. 4 (September 1987): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1987.tb01876.x.
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Sapena, M., L. A. Ruiz, and F. J. Goerlich. "ANALYSING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN URBAN LAND USE FRAGMENTATION METRICS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 1029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-1029-2016.
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Analysing urban regions is essential for their correct monitoring and planning. This is mainly accounted for the sharp increase of people living in urban areas, and consequently, the need to manage them. At the same time there has been a rise in the use of spatial and statistical datasets, such as the Urban Atlas, which offers high-resolution urban land use maps obtained from satellite imagery, and the Urban Audit, which provides statistics of European cities and their surroundings. In this study, we analyse the relations between urban fragmentation metrics derived from Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) data from the Urban Atlas dataset, and socio-economic data from the Urban Audit for the reference years 2006 and 2012. We conducted the analysis on a sample of sixty-eight Functional Urban Areas (FUAs). One-date and two-date based fragmentation indices were computed for each FUA, land use class and date. Correlation tests and principal component analysis were then applied to select the most representative indices. Finally, multiple regression models were tested to explore the prediction of socio-economic variables, using different combinations of land use metrics as explanatory variables, both at a given date and in a dynamic context. The outcomes show that demography, living conditions, labour, and transportation variables have a clear relation with the morphology of the FUAs. This methodology allows us to compare European FUAs in terms of the spatial distribution of the land use classes, their complexity, and their structural changes, as well as to preview and model different growth patterns and socio-economic indicators.
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Sapena, M., L. A. Ruiz, and F. J. Goerlich. "ANALYSING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN URBAN LAND USE FRAGMENTATION METRICS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 1029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-1029-2016.
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Analysing urban regions is essential for their correct monitoring and planning. This is mainly accounted for the sharp increase of people living in urban areas, and consequently, the need to manage them. At the same time there has been a rise in the use of spatial and statistical datasets, such as the Urban Atlas, which offers high-resolution urban land use maps obtained from satellite imagery, and the Urban Audit, which provides statistics of European cities and their surroundings. In this study, we analyse the relations between urban fragmentation metrics derived from Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) data from the Urban Atlas dataset, and socio-economic data from the Urban Audit for the reference years 2006 and 2012. We conducted the analysis on a sample of sixty-eight Functional Urban Areas (FUAs). One-date and two-date based fragmentation indices were computed for each FUA, land use class and date. Correlation tests and principal component analysis were then applied to select the most representative indices. Finally, multiple regression models were tested to explore the prediction of socio-economic variables, using different combinations of land use metrics as explanatory variables, both at a given date and in a dynamic context. The outcomes show that demography, living conditions, labour, and transportation variables have a clear relation with the morphology of the FUAs. This methodology allows us to compare European FUAs in terms of the spatial distribution of the land use classes, their complexity, and their structural changes, as well as to preview and model different growth patterns and socio-economic indicators.
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Jazeel, Tariq. "Urban theory with an outside." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 36, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775817707968.
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This paper critically engages planetary urbanization’s claim that it generates ‘Urban Theory Without an Outside’. It argues planetary urbanization is part of the broader ideological terrain of urban studies whose textual field reifies the city, the urban and urbanization as objects and processes of analyses through a kind of ‘methodological urbanization’. The paper argues the conceptual and political value of delineating views from outside urban studies and planetary urbanization – in particular from domains like area studies – that unmoor the primacy of the city, the urban and particularly urbanization in understandings of socio-spatial processes across planetary space. It suggests how these perspectives can usefully act as ‘supplements’ indifferent to urban studies, reminding urban studies of the limits of its own forms of knowledge production in relation to socio-spatial process and city formation. To do this, the paper sketches an anti-colonial history of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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Widyaevan, Dea Aulia. "Ephemeral Architecture as Socio-spatial Practices in Bintaro’s Modern Market Public Space." Journal of Urban Society's Arts 9, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/jousa.v9i1.6107.
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Ephemeral Architecture as Socio-spatial Practices in Bintaro’s Modern market Public Space. Ephemeral Architecture questions about the idea of permanence on the way we produce architecture. The term ephemeral defines as something temporary, interchangeable, and adaptive. Architecture’s vision should no longer has to be monumental or eternal, but it must be designed to became adaptive in uncertain conditions. This research offers new perspective on how architecture built from the event. The research methods, conducted in practices-based research through a series of workshop and forum group discussion in experimental architecture forum- Critical Context 3.0, 2019, conducted by LabTanya. The participants explore the notion of ephemerality on everyday design in modern market Bintaro, Jakarta by adopting phenomenology perspective in architecture. This phenomenology perspective transcribes in a way a phenomenon observes in term of body, gestures, movement in relation to time and social consent produced these momentarily space. The modern market (as a case study) gives context on how this place are became a melting point of several functions, time and places. This research finds that there are several strategies on how the tenant are inhabiting the space in performative and temporals way to resolve the spatial limitations. Arsitektur Efemera sebagai Praktek Ruang Sosial Pada Ruang Publik Pasar Modern Bintaro. Arsitektur Efemera, mempertanyakan tentang gagasan keabadian dalam cara mendesain arsitektur. Istilah efemera atau sesaat, didefinisikan sebagai sesuatu yang sementara, selalu mengalami transformasi, dan adaptif. Visi arsitektur tidak lagi harus monumental atau abadi, tetapi harus dirancang untuk menjadi adaptif dalam kondisi konteks lingkungan yang dinamis. Penelitian ini menawarkan perspektif baru tentang bagaimana arsitektur dibangun dari sebuah peristiwa. Metode penelitian, berbasis praktik melalui serangkaian lokakarya dan forum diskusi yang digagas pada forum arsitektur eksperimental- Critical Context 3.0, 2019, oleh LabTanya, Jakarta. Para peserta mengeksplorasi gagasan arsitektur efemera/sesaat pada desain keseharian di pasar modern Bintaro, Jakarta melalui perspektif fenomenologi. Perspektif ini, menginvestigasi bagaimana tubuh, gerak dan waktu selalu berkaitan dengan konteks sosial suatu tempat. Pasar modern (sebagai studi kasus) memberikan konteks bagaimana tempat ini merupakan titik lebur dari beberapa fungsi, kaya akan ruang-ruang sementara (spatio temporal). Hasil penelitian ini menemukan beberapa strategi ruang adaptif, yang dilakukan oleh para penyewa pasar, dalam mengatasi keterbatasan ruang.
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Cheshmehzangi, Ali, and Tim Heath. "Effects of Temporary Markets on Spatial Inter-relations: A behavioural analysis of a public realm in the UK." Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 2, no. 3 (April 1, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v2i3.190.
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This research focuses upon the socio-environmental dimensions and urban identity of urban environments by evaluating human behaviours and space-to-human relations. In addition, approaches to urban re-branding will be analysed to evaluate the role of engineered identities in enhancing social integration. This particular study will focus upon the installation of temporary activities into the public realm and the impact that these can have upon perception, identity and activity within public spaces. A case study of temporary markets taking place in Nottingham’s Old Market Square in the UK will be evaluated to explore possibilities of maximising the potential of urban space.
Keywords: human behaviour, urban identity, spatial inter-relation, socio-environmental
© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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BELOKUR, Ol’ga S., Veronika Yu MASLIKHINA, and Galina S. TSVETKOVA. "Designing alternative scenarios for the provincial region development based on the scenario planning methodology." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 19, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 2237–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.19.12.2237.
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Subject. This article considers the issues of application of scenario planning techniques in the process of constructing alternative scenarios for the development of spatial socio-economic systems in the context of changes, complexity, and uncertainty. Objectives. The article aims to form a scenario planning algorithm for spatial socio-economic systems and its implementation in relation to the Mari El Republic. Methods. For the study, we used the systems approach and foresight techniques. Results. The article presents four alternative scenarios for the development of the provincial region: intensive, technological, moderately technological and pessimistic. The article presents four alternative scenarios for the development of the provincial region, namely, the intensive, technological, moderate technological, and worst-case ones. Conclusions and Relevance. The technological scenario for the provincial region’s development seems to be the most likely. It assumes moderately favorable prospects for attracting investment, which can stimulate the development of regional key industries. The proposed alternative scenarios can serve as a basis for the policy making by regional and municipal authorities.
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Hakim, Wendy I., Triatno Y. Harjono, and Dalhar Susanto. "The spatial implications of living in an extended household based on the socio-cultural values of kinship in Balikpapan, Indonesia." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 7, no. 1 (May 15, 2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v7i1.1170.
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There is a recent focus on households as residential units but most of the studies conducted rely on demographic and economic perspectives using economic value maximization schemes. The research on the household is considered necessary due to its close relation to family and kinship issues observed in different aspects of life and based on societal diversity associated with certain socio-cultural values. This is most important in Asia, including Indonesia, where extended families and households are regarded as ideal. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the significance of socio-cultural values on the spatial living implications in extended households using qualitative methods, especially ethnography, which involved targeted informants, interviews, and observations. The results showed that the socio-cultural values held by the members of the household are based on the definition of kinship as a valuable bond, desire to share, cooperation, as well as the acceptance and sustenance of tradition. Moreover, the spatial arrangement concerning the allocation, use, and access to rooms based on gender in an extended family was observed to be identical to those in a nuclear family. Meanwhile, additional members are allowed to use different rooms in the house and also to interact with hosts.
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Bulkeley, Harriet. "Navigating climate’s human geographies: Exploring the whereabouts of climate politics." Dialogues in Human Geography 9, no. 1 (March 2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820619829920.
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Just as global institutions and environmental assessment processes embark on the latest effort to integrate more social science into global environmental change research, it appears that the social sciences of climate change are unable or unwilling to address this challenge. In this article, I explore the nature of these dynamics within human geography and argue that climate change occupies a curiously ambiguous position within our discipline of both an explicit presence and an underlying absence. Framed predominantly in terms of a biophysical challenge requiring some form of social response, work on climate change retains an assumed socio-nature divide – a position which has yet to be substantively challenged by the different strands of political ecology, new materialism and environmental humanities that now pervade the discipline. To advance new geographies of climate change, the article argues that our understanding of climate change needs to shift from that of a problem that needs specific responses to a condition that is constituted through specific forms of socio-spatial relation and in turn constitutes the politics, ethics and meaning of particular socio-spatial orderings, from the citizen to the city, the community to the corporation.
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Cardoso, Andreia Saavedra. "Paisagem e Complexidade Ecológica." Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy 15, no. 29 (2007): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica200715295.
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The approach to landscape complexity, elapses from the interpretation of its visible face while constellation of objective signs, which landscape architecture engages to code, inferring the action of the systemic processes as the result of the actualization of patterns or changeable configurations of existing relations between the mosaic of ecosystems, that in its relation to socio-cultural Systems have a particular expression on landscape structure. The present article clears the need of landscape narratives generated by its complexity, approaching the concept of evolutions by instability, implied on the self-organizing-systems theory due to the high connection between spatial and temporal scales, that characterize the complex interactions and the determinism-indeterminism involved in its autopoietic behaviour, causing the need of environmental narratives.
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Lymperopoulou, Kitty, and Nissa Finney. "Socio-spatial factors associated with ethnic inequalities in districts of England and Wales, 2001–2011." Urban Studies 54, no. 11 (July 20, 2016): 2540–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016653725.
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This paper explores the changing geography of ethnic inequality in England and Wales drawing on data from the 2001 and 2011 censuses. Specifically, we use the 2011 Office for National Statistics (ONS) area classification to examine how ethnic inequalities within local areas with different demographic and socio-economic characteristics have changed over time. Local ethnic inequalities are examined through a set of indicators which capture differences in housing, health, employment and education between ethnic minority groups and the White British in local authority districts in England and Wales. The results suggest that ethnic inequalities are widespread and persistent, and highlight the different ways in which inequalities manifest for particular ethnic groups in different localities. Ethnic inequality in housing and employment is severe for most ethnic minority groups, particularly in large urban areas that have been traditional settlement areas for ethnic minorities. However, inequalities increased most over the decade 2001–2011 in rural and coastal areas that have low ethnic diversity levels and small ethnic minority populations. The paper considers these findings in relation to theories of service provision and racism, ethnic density, and immigrant adaptation.
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Medvedev, V. V. "THE PROBLEM OF BALANCING THE SPATIAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA." Bulletin of Russian academy of natural sciences 21, no. 3 (2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52531/1682-1696-2021-21-3-4-8.
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Based on the analysis of the main documents of strategic planning of scientific and technological development of Russia in relation to the implementation of regional scientific and technical policy, the article considers the basic principles, including the principle of balanced accounting of horizontal and vertical links and the principle of hierarchical management, the systematic adherence to which allows us to talk about a methodological approach to ensuring the balance of spatial scientific and technological development of Russia. It is shown that an important characteristic of the balance of spatial scientific and technological development of Russia is the interdependence between the level of socio-economic regional development and the level of scientific and technological municipal development.
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Kuchar, Robin. "Music venues in transition: States of autonomy, dependence and subcultural institutionalization." Todas as Artes Revista Luso-Brasileira de Artes e Cultura 3, no. 2 (2020): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21843805/tav3n2a2.
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: Taking into account changing spatial structures of local music scenes and processes of music production, urban regeneration, and the commercialization of live music during the last decades, this article examines how ongoing transformations of socio-spatial environments exert influence on originally do-it-yourself music venues as a specific kind of urban music space. Venues are understood as individual actors that develop in relation to their initial spatial and cultural strategies. Therefore, the status of these venues reaches from traditionalist but highly dependent to paradoxical forms of “subcultural institutionalization”. Based on empirical data from three case studies in Hamburg, Germany, fieldwork shows that DIY-driven clubs increasingly become hijacked or taken-over spaces that apply different strategies in order to preserve their idea(l)s of self-governed and collective cultural work.
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Wasitaatmadja, Fokky Fuad, Susianto Susianto, and Suartini Supendi. "The Relation of Gender and Feminism in Islamic Jurisprudence." Ijtimā'iyya: Journal of Muslim Society Research 5, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/ijtimaiyya.v5i2.4011.
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Research on the relation of gender in Islamic Jurisprudence field always sparks the interest to study because of several things: the idea of power relations which has been touted as a thought that subordinates the role of women in their dynamic movements. Second, the role of the text of the Holy Qur'an in seeing and explaining gender relations in Islam, specifically when influencing or influenced by local culture. The main research question to be revealed is: how does the concept developed in Islamic Jurisprudence schools interpret the relations of men and women? The theoretical framework developed in this study is based on the thought which built in the Islamic Jurisprudence Schools. Sachiko Murata sees that there is a relationship between cultural understanding and the understanding of God in the relationship of men and women. The research method applied in this research is prescriptive normative legal method with conceptual approach. The conclusion in this study states that in the narrative approach to the Holy Qur'an, there is no significant power relation that degrades, dominates, or subordinates the role of women in Islam. Spatial structure of culture becomes a matter of concern when there is submission in the role of women in their socio-cultural environment. The narrative text of the Holy Qur’an explains the high appreciation of domestic and public roles for women. Feminism itself can be traced in various narrative texts in the Holy Qur'an that place women in a place of honor.
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Bednarowska, Zofia. "The Consumption Space Paradox: Over‑Retailed Areas Next to Dead Malls." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 5, no. 338 (September 28, 2018): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.338.02.
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We are witnessing a paradox in the consumption space, in relation to retail activity within urban and suburban areas: One can observe over‑retailed areas, featuring retail chains and shopping malls, oftentimes occurring close to other unoccupied, abandoned, dying shopping malls, called dead malls. The phenomenon of dead malls is widespread in the USA, is strongly visible in Canada and China, and is now starting to occur more often in Europe. This paradox can be partially explained using a series of concepts, and in this paper we introduce the main pillars in understanding the socio‑economic reasons and the spatial patterns contributing to this phenomenon. The research method employed here is the ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis).
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Fatima, Munazza, Kara J. O’Keefe, Wenjia Wei, Sana Arshad, and Oliver Gruebner. "Geospatial Analysis of COVID-19: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 2336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052336.
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The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 became the harbinger of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, geospatial techniques, such as modeling and mapping, have helped in disease pattern detection. Here we provide a synthesis of the techniques and associated findings in relation to COVID-19 and its geographic, environmental, and socio-demographic characteristics, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) methodology for scoping reviews. We searched PubMed for relevant articles and discussed the results separately for three categories: disease mapping, exposure mapping, and spatial epidemiological modeling. The majority of studies were ecological in nature and primarily carried out in China, Brazil, and the USA. The most common spatial methods used were clustering, hotspot analysis, space-time scan statistic, and regression modeling. Researchers used a wide range of spatial and statistical software to apply spatial analysis for the purpose of disease mapping, exposure mapping, and epidemiological modeling. Factors limiting the use of these spatial techniques were the unavailability and bias of COVID-19 data—along with scarcity of fine-scaled demographic, environmental, and socio-economic data—which restrained most of the researchers from exploring causal relationships of potential influencing factors of COVID-19. Our review identified geospatial analysis in COVID-19 research and highlighted current trends and research gaps. Since most of the studies found centered on Asia and the Americas, there is a need for more comparable spatial studies using geographically fine-scaled data in other areas of the world.
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Ouédraogo, Hermann Z., Florence Fournet, Yves Martin-Prével, Jean Gary, Marie C. Henry, and Gérard Salem. "Socio-spatial disparities of obesity among adults in the urban setting of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 12 (December 2008): 1280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008002504.
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AbstractObjectivesTo document the prevalence and the socio-spatial variations of obesity and to identify individual and household characteristics, lifestyles and dietary practices contributing to obesity and its socio-spatial distribution.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey. We selected 1570 households from four strata characterised as unstructured and low building-density (ULBD), unstructured and high building-density (UHBD), structured and low building-density (SLBD) and structured and high building-density (SHBD) areas. Structured areas are those that were allotted by the township authority (cadastral services), with public services; unstructured areas refer to those developed with no cadastral organisation.SettingOuagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso.SubjectsBMI was calculated in 2022 adults aged 35 years and above who were classified as obese when their BMI was ≥30 kg/m2. Obesity was investigated in relation to household and individual characteristics, lifestyles and dietary practices; adjusted odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were derived from a logistic regression model.ResultsThe overall prevalence of obesity was 14·7 % (males 5·5 % and females 21·9 %). Age, gender, household equipment index, usual transport with motor vehicles and micronutrient-rich food consumption were associated with obesity. After adjustment for these factors, obesity remained associated with the area of residence: residents from SHBD areas were more likely to be obese than those from ULBD areas (OR = 1·41; 95 % CI 2·59,4·76).ConclusionsObesity in Ouagadougou is a preoccupant problem that calls for more consideration. Thorough investigation is needed to assess the environmental factors that contribute to the socio-spatial disparity of obesity.
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Bański, Jerzy, Marcin Mazur, and Wioletta Kamińska. "Socioeconomic Conditioning of the Development of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Global Spatial Differentiation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 4802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094802.
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The COVID pandemic very quickly became the world’s most serious social and economic problem. This paper’s focus is on the spatial aspect of its spread, with the aims being to point to spatial conditioning underpinning development of the pandemic, and to identify and assess possible socio-economic features exerting an impact on that. Particular attention has been paid to the percentage of positive tests for the presence of the coronavirus, as well as mortality due to the disease it causes. The statistics used relate to 102 countries, with the research for each extending from the time first cases of COVID-19 were reported through to 18 November 2020. The focus of investigation has been the stochastic co-occurrence of both a morbidity index and a mortality index, with intentionally selected socio-economic variables. Results have then been summarized through the classification of countries in relation to the two indices. Highest values relate to Latin America. A significant co-occurrence of morbidity and mortality with GDP per capita has been identified, as values for the indices are found to be lower in wealthier countries. The basic conclusion is that the dependency of the pandemic on environmental and socio-economic conditioning became more complex and ambiguous, while also being displaced gradually as concrete political decisions came to be taken.
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Hayward, Philip. "Les Méduses dans la Marée de l’Histoire: L’Anse aux Meadows, Nan Sdins and Cultural Heritage Agendas." Island Studies Journal 3, no. 2 (2008): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.220.
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This paper reflects upon the relation of island communities to global cultural heritage agendas through discussion of two particular examples, the first two island locations successfully nominated by the Canadian government for UNESCO World Heritage listing: L’Anse aux Meadows, on Newfoundland, and Nan Sdins (Ninstints)1 on SGang Gwaii2 . This reflection involves discussion of the motives and discourses that led to their formal establishment as cultural heritage sites and those that have come into play in subsequent social inscriptions and interpretations. This line of inquiry intersects with – and is illuminated by - a consideration of the spatial contexts of the island networks that have facilitated particular moments upon which their heritage status is based. In particular, I refer to their relation to sea-lanes and coastal/inter-island lines of contact that are, in turn, predicated on particular moments of climatic, navigational and socio-economic history. The paper concludes by offering a point of mediation between traditional concepts of heritage agendas and socio-cultural development in island communities pertinent to the development of Island Studies as an activist enterprise.
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Benedek, József, Ursu Cosmina-Daniela, and Varvari Ştefana. "Growth pole policy, spatial transformation and spatial inequalities in the metropolitan areas of Romania." Tér és Társadalom 36, no. 3 (August 23, 2022): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17649/tet.36.3.3435.
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The recent increase of regional inequalities in Europe, and in particular in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has led to the reconsideration and revival of the “growth pole” concept in academic fields like regional economics, economic geography and spatial planning. In contrast to the classical view developed by French economists, the new policy-led approach on growth poles is emphasizing a much broader perspective. Designed for the reduction of regional inequalities, the rebirth of growth poles concept in the development planning practice triggered an important debate about the relation between spatial inequalities, economic growth and development. This article provides a critical overview and assessment of growth pole policy and spatial inequalities in Romania. The main objective is the analysis of the spatial change in the metropolitan areas of the seven growth poles by taking into consideration four groups of indicators: demographic, economic, housing and land use. The empirical results show a differentiated socio-spatial dynamic of the metropolitan areas, although being designated and treated as national growth poles. Moreover, there is no evidence for the adequateness of the growth pole spatial planning tool to its main objective: the reduction of spatial inequalities. In this case a crisis (increasing spatial inequalities and peripheralization) has not generated any transformative power in spatial planning, which rises serious doubts about the innovative capacities of the spatial development policies.
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Desiyana, Irma. "Shape Grammar for House Facade along the Alley in Urban Kampung, Tambora, Jakarta." Review of Urbanism and Architectural Studies 20, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ruas.2022.020.01.13.
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The shape grammar can reveal the socio-spatial uniqueness that moulds the geometric shapes and elements of the house facade in a dense area of the urban kampung. The façade tends to not have the exact pattern due to adjustment of daily activities and needs in Tambora Jakarta. However, the grassroots have formed the pattern of events along the alley that represents contexts like milieu, economics, and social conditions. The alley has overlapping layers between private and public activities, which contribute to the geometric shapes and elements of the façade in Tambora. The house facade depicts activities and relationships inside and outside that manifest in geometric shapes and elements of the facade. Hereafter, this research combines the shape grammar for the geometric pattern of the facade and the pattern language for the qualitative contexts. The first step is categorising the geometric shapes and elements of the facade and the socio-spatial aspects into defined shape rules. Then, mapping the pattern language of activities and needs between inside–house program and outside–the use of space along the alley to delineate spatial relation. The result intends to comprehend the correlation between the logic of the geometric shape and facade elements concerning the qualitative context.
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Yeung, Henry Wai-chung. "Rethinking mechanism and process in the geographical analysis of uneven development." Dialogues in Human Geography 9, no. 3 (July 29, 2019): 226–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820619861861.
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Speaking directly to economic and political geographers working on uneven development, this article critically examines the deployment of two key concepts, mechanism and process, as analytical tools for causal explanation in geographical analysis during the past two decades. Drawing upon critical realism to develop a theory of mechanism, this article clarifies the conceptual distinction between mechanism and process. Whereas process is conceived as a contingent change in the sequential series of entities and their relations, mechanism serves as a necessary relation to connect an initial causal condition with its particular socio-spatial outcomes in context. This analytical distinction between a contingent process of change and a necessary mechanism for an outcome requires a careful specification of the concrete outcomes to be explained and the working of various mechanisms. Illustrating my case through existing studies of neoliberalization and, briefly, path dependence, I argue that there is a tendency in the literature to conflate mechanism and process in different meso-level theories of socio-spatial change. This conflation, in turn, distorts the causal links in core concepts and reduces their explanatory efficacy in accounting for uneven development. Rethinking mechanism and process can therefore help revitalize systematic explanations of uneven development as one of geography’s core intellectual projects and contributions to the social sciences; it can also allow geographers to engage more productively with the rapidly growing mechanistic thought in analytical sociology, political science and the philosophy of social science during the past two decades.
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Deguen, Séverine, and Wahida Kihal-Talantikite. "Geographical Pattern of COVID-19-Related Outcomes over the Pandemic Period in France: A Nationwide Socio-Environmental Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041824.
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Background: Several studies have investigated the implication of air pollution and some social determinants on COVID-19-related outcomes, but none of them assessed the implication of spatial repartition of the socio-environmental determinants on geographic variations of COVID-19 related outcomes. Understanding spatial heterogeneity in relation to the socio-environmental determinant and COVID-19-related outcomes is central to target interventions toward a vulnerable population. Objectives: To determine the spatial variability of COVID-19 related outcomes among the elderly in France at the department level. We also aimed to assess whether a geographic pattern of Covid-19 may be partially explained by spatial distribution of both long-term exposure to air pollution and deprived living conditions. Methods: This study considered four health events related to COVID-19 infection over the period of 18 March and 02 December 2020: (i) hospitalization, (ii) cases in intensive health care in the hospital, (iii) death in the hospital, and (iv) hospitalized patients recovered and returned back home. We used the percentage of household living in an overcrowding housing to characterize the living conditions and long-term exposure to NO2 to analyse the implication of air pollution. Using a spatial scan statistic approach, a Poisson cluster analysis method based on a likelihood ratio test and Monte Carlo replications was applied to identify high-risk clusters of a COVID-19-related outcome. Result: our results revealed that all the outcomes related to COVID-19 infection investigated were not randomly distributed in France with a statistically significant cluster of high risk located in Eastern France of the hospitalization, cases in the intensive health care at the hospital, death in the hospital, and recovered and returned back home compared to the rest of France (relative risk, RR = 1.28, p-value = 0.001, RR = 3.05, p = 0.001, RR = 2.94, p = 0.001, RR = 2.51, p = 0.001, respectively). After adjustments for socio-environmental determinants, the crude cluster shifts according to different scenarios suggested that both the overcrowding housing level and long-term exposure to largely NO2 explain the spatial distribution of COVID-19-related outcomes. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the geographic pattern of COVID-19-related outcomes is largely explained by socio-spatial distribution of long-term exposure to NO2. However, to better understand spatial variations of COVID-19-related outcomes, it would be necessary to investigate and adjust it for other determinants. Thus, the current sanitary crisis reminds us of how unequal we all are in facing this disease.
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Ye, Nanqi, Michihiro Kita, Shigeki Matsubara, Seth Asare Okyere, and Motoki Shimoda. "A Study of the Spatial Distribution of Danwei Compounds in the Old Town of Hefei, China." Urban Science 5, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5010007.
Full textAbstract:
Danwei compounds have experienced a steady decline since the 1997 Urban Housing System Reform. Existing research suggests that Danwei compounds, which were characteristically walled neighbourhoods of work and residence, have experienced socio-spatial changes in social structure, community management and spatial form. However, there is limited understanding of its current spatial function and relation to the city. This study analysed the spatial distribution of Danwei compounds, their spatial features and accessibility to selected public facilities in comparison with non-Danwei residential sites in the old town of Hefei city. ArcGIS was used to analyse building density, plot ratio of the residential sites and their accessibility to public facilities. Further quantitative analysis was done using binary logistic regression and descriptive statistics to identify spatial features of the residential sites. The results show that even though the urban land reforms have led to a steady rise in non-Danwei residential sites, Danwei compounds predominate the urban spatial structure. Comparatively, Danwei compounds have lower plot ratios with higher levels of accessibility to commercial centres and hospitals but poor accessibility to schools. The paper suggests the need for local planning officials to support the revitalisation of old residential compounds through integrated and community-centred spatial planning.
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Kordić, Nemanja. "Determining architectural composition through infrastructural tenets." Arhitektura i urbanizam, no. 52 (2021): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-30694.
Full textAbstract:
Today, in the 21st century within the context of the neoliberal market, architecture has become a tool of capital, demanding minimal investment with maximum spatial and environmental performance. Permanent changes that follow the rapid development of an information-based society imply an infrastructural take on the architectural composition, which has become increasingly programmatically unstable and market driven. Therefore today, an architectural composition traditionally understood as a set of part to-whole relations on three basic levels: form, function (program and its performance) and structure, can be perceived through the relations between volume, program range and infrastructure (which integrates the structural and performative aspects). Beginning with the hypothesis that socio-economic changes alter the conceptions of infrastructure in the design process, and understanding ways to transform the architectural composition, a set of key historical moments and relations are established between the development of: architectural tools and methodologies, norms and policies of spatial and energy efficiencies, and understanding infrastructure as an omnipresent element within the architectural composition. In urban design and architectural design, two terms can be distinguished: infrastructural ground - a term that brings infrastructure closer to the architecture scale, and infrastructural tenets, which are methods in the design process used to evaluate the spatial efficiency and the capacities for programmatic change, determining the relation between transformations within the design process and those of a completed project. Therefore, a new design approach is needed to define the capacities of programmatic transformations that can follow different models: flexibility, performativity and process, while maintaining the optimal spatial efficiency. The research showed that the choice of a transformational strategy depends on the program and envelope typologies to determine a project-specific infrastructural tenet - the layout of infrastructural elements which is located and quantified using the basic spatial efficiency parameters and indicators. As a launching point for further research, a theoretical matrix is proposed for four envelope typologies and three dominant program typologies, followed by a list of basic spatial efficiency parameters to loosely describe their infrastructural layouts.
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Antczak, Elżbieta. "Municipal waste in Poland: analysis of the spatial dimensions of determinants using geographically weighted regression." European Spatial Research and Policy 26, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.26.2.09.
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This article provides a quantification of the territorially varied relation between socio-economic factors and the amount of municipal waste in Polish districts. For this purpose, eight causes were identified: revenue budgets, the number and area of uncontrolled dumping sites, population density, the share of working-age population, average gross monthly wages, registrations for permanent residence, and the number of tourists accommodated. The preliminary data analysis indicated that to understand waste generation in Poland at the local level it is necessary to consider regional specificity and spatial interactions. To increase the explained variability of phenomena, and emphasise local differences in the amount of waste, geographically weighted regression was applied.
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Zhao and Xu. "Exploring the Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of PM2.5 Pollution in China: Evidence from 289 Chinese Cities." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 4751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174751.
Full textAbstract:
Haze pollution has become an urgent environmental problem due to its impact on the environment as well as human health. PM2.5 is one of the core pollutants which cause haze pollution in China. Existing studies have rarely taken a comprehensive view of natural environmental conditions and socio-economic factors to figure out the cause and diffusion mechanism of PM2.5 pollution. This paper selected both natural environmental conditions (precipitation (PRE), wind speed (WIN), and terrain relief (TR)) and socio-economic factors (human activity intensity of land surface (HAILS), the secondary industry's proportion (SEC), and the total particulate matter emissions of motor vehicles (VE)) to analyze the effects on the spatial variation of PM2.5 concentrations. Based on the spatial panel data of 289 cities in China in 2015, we used spatial statistical methods to visually describe the spatial distribution characteristics of PM2.5 pollution; secondly, the spatial agglomeration state of PM2.5 pollution was characterized by Moran’s I; finally, several regression models were used to quantitatively analyze the correlation between PM2.5 pollution and the selected explanatory variables. Results from this paper confirm that in 2015, most cities in China suffered from severe PM2.5 pollution, and only 17.6% of the sample cities were up to standard. The spatial agglomeration characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in China were particularly significant in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. Results from the global regression models suggest that WIN exerts the most significant effects on decreasing PM2.5 concentration (p < 0.01), while VE is the most critical driver of increasing PM2.5 concentration (p < 0.01). Results from the local regression model show reliable evidence that the relation between PM2.5 concentrations and the explanatory variables varied differently over space. VE is the most critical factor that influences PM2.5 concentrations, which means controlling motor vehicle pollutant emissions is an effective measure to reduce PM2.5 pollution in Chinese cities.