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1
Brynov, Vitalii. "Socio-Political Ethics of Reinhold Niebuhr’s Christian Realism." Theological Reflections: Eastern European Journal of Theology 19, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29357/2521-179x.2021.v19.1.23.
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Brynov, Vitaliy. “Socio-political Ethics of Reinhold Niebuhr’s Christian Realism.” Thesis for the degree of candidate of philosophy – 09.00.14 (041 – Theology). The thesis is devoted to the complex analysis of social and political ethics in the Christianrealism of Reinhold Niebuhr. Niebuhr’s Christian realism is considered a return to Christian evangelical values in the socio-political space and a demonstration of Christianity’s ability to answer the complex questions of the contemporary world. The main characteristics of Christian realism are practicality and pragmatism, orientation on biblical ethics, as well as honesty and openness in recognizing human limitations. In the Ukrainian academic space, there are no studies of the phenomenon of Christian realism, no studies of the works of the brothers Reinhold Niebuhr and Helmut Richard Niebuhr, and there are no works of these authors translated into Ukrainian. Therefore, the research aims to overcome this drawback, and it focuses on Reinhold Niebuhr’s activities, social and political concepts, and the practical usage of the Christian realism ideas in Ukrainian society in the early XXI century.
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Vojnović, Sava. "Methodological Predecessors of Contextualist Political Realism." Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu 72, no. 1 (March 26, 2024): 73–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.51204/anali_pfbu_24104a.
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In order to gain a better understanding of contemporary political realism, as well as of the theories of two classical political philosophers, this paper argues that the methodological roots of a contextualist model of realism can be found, among others, in the writings of Aristotle and Machiavelli. It is argued that the methodological assumptions of contextualist political realism can be formulated through two main notions: 1) the experiential basis – analysis of politics through reliance on experience from political practice; and 2) contextualism – avoiding universal claims as much as possible, i.e., making claims about politics always within a socio-historical context. Using those lenses, the paper points out the methodological elements of Aristotle’s and Machiavelli’s political theories that are in line with this version of political realism, claiming both of them could be perceived as forerunners to a certain degree.
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Videkanić, Bojana. "Yugoslav Postwar Art and Socialist Realism: An Uncomfortable Relationship." ARTMargins 5, no. 2 (June 2016): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00145.
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This text examines the first official exhibition of the Yugoslav Association of Fine Artists, and the theoretical, socio-political, and institutional contexts of the Socialist Realist period in Yugoslav art (spanning roughly the years between1945 and 1954). Post-war artistic and cultural environment, the first exhibition, and critical aesthetic debates around Socialist Realism exemplify Yugoslavia's struggle to make sense of, and implement, Socialist Realism as an official artistic, cultural, and political category. Its development paralleled the state's own wrestling with notions of socialist governance and its proper implementation. Difficulties with Socialist Realist aesthetic and the ensuing paradoxes in its adaptation in Yugoslav art are at the core of the dialogs, theoretical discourses, and critical responses to the first exhibition. My analysis uses accounts and reviews of the exhibition, as well as official writings and arguments presented by the state and cultural officials to argue that Yugoslav art of the time was in fact transgressive, a hybrid of modernism and Socialist Realism. Rather than reading its hybridity as a failure, as some have argued, I read the hybridity of Yugoslav art as a space of possibilities that would have opened a new art praxis in Yugoslavia of the time.
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Jasim, Dr Mohammed N. "A Look at Realism and its Reflection In the poetry of Contemporary Poets in Iran and Iraq." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 58, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v58i3.910.
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Realism attempts to discovering and expressing reality and replacing reality by imagination, dreaming, and legends, the realist writer uses his genius and modernity instead of a fictitious one in observing and expressing details. The school of realism is one of the most fundamental art schools that emerged in France in the mid-nineteenth century and expanded rapidly. Avoiding the imagination and inner inspirations of the romantics and addressing the realities of the universe outsidewere the most basic principles of this school that poets, writers and artists adopted and followed. In Iran and Iraq, poets and writers focused on social issues and the decline and backwardness of their own countries.The literature of each nation reflects the political and social conditions of the nation. Given that the socioeconomic conditions of Iran and Iraq have been affected by the same events in contemporary times, the thoughts and the literary themes of these two literatures are largely similar. Among the prominent contemporary poets of Iran and Iraq are: Nima Youshij and Siavash Kasraei in Iran, Badr Shakir al-Sayyab and Abdul Wahhab al-Bayati in Iraq, pointed out that intense tendencies towards freedom and support of workers and farmers have brought the situation to the attention of the country. This studyis limited to studying four poets (Nima Youshij, Siavash Kasraei, Badr shaker al-Sayyab and Abdul Wahhab al-Bayati). By analyzing realism in the poetry of those four poets, each writer believes in particular realism, describing and expressing the social, political, and the describing the nature from the language of each poet in his own way. In his realistic description, each poet expresses a socio-political dimension more prominently
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Parkhomenko, Kostyantyn. "EVOLUTION OF THE REALISTIC ARTISTIC AND AESTHETIC METHOD." Central Asian Journal of Art Studies 8, no. 4 (January 5, 2024): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.47940/cajas.v8i4.792.
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This article delves into the evolution of the realist method, examining its interrelation with various artistic trends and currents. The impact of socio-political processes on the method's development is explored, emphasizing the dynamic nature of the artistic method and its continuous modifications in the expression of the author's ideas. The concept of 'realism' as a primary method in art is expounded, with an analysis of the perspectives of philosophers, art critics, and artists on its understanding throughout different epochs of cultural development. Characterizing features of realism are delineated, and a conceptual framework is presented, positing "realism" as a means of engaging with and comprehending spiritual and practical reality. The study establishes that realism serves as a conduit for unveiling the social and historical essence of humanity. Realistic painting, in particular, plays a pivotal role in transmitting the cultural code, illustrating the reciprocal interaction between individuals and their surrounding reality. This interaction contributes to a holistic representation of a specific historical period. The research paper encompasses a comprehensive examination of artistic methods, trends, and concepts, including romanticism, impressionism, symbolism, cubism, modernism, postmodernism, and metamodernism. The article underscores the significance of studying the evolution of realism in the visual arts and posits that the phenomenon in realistic art centers on the symbiotic relationship between individuals and their environment. In conclusion, the article asserts that realism not only unveils national traits but also communicates authentic facts that subsequently contribute to the shaping of historical mentality. The research interest in this exploration stems from a profound concern for understanding the nuanced evolution of realism in the visual arts.
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Morera, Esteve. "Gramsci and Democracy." Canadian Journal of Political Science 23, no. 1 (March 1990): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900011604.
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AbstractIn the Quaderni del Carcere, Antonio Gramsci provided the foundations for a socialist theory of democracy. This theory can be drawn from some of Gramsci's most important concepts: his views of intellectual activity on the one hand, and the conceptions of hegemony and civil society on the other. The former provides a general conception of a non-bureaucratic relationship between leaders and the led, the latter points to a participatory model of political activity. This thesis, however, is formulated within the framework of a realist epistemology in which the class structure is conceived as the long-term determinant of the general historical process. Hence, although Gramsci's thought sheds new light on a non-class domain of political activity, it is constrained by both socio-economic conditions and the realism of available knowledge.
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Binetti, M. ªJosé. "El antifeminismo de las contrasexualidades emergentes." Clepsydra. Revista de Estudios de Género y Teoría Feminista, no. 22 (2022): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.clepsydra.2022.22.04.
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This article aims at showing why the political project that Paul-B. Preciado calls «counter-sexual» clashes on principle with the political project of feminism. By counter-sexuality Preciado means the production of fictions and enjoyments that invert, subvert or recombine the fictions of the hegemonic heteronormative system, while by sexuality feminism –together with the World Health Organization– understands the vital and creative energy irreducible to socio-political or biological determinations. The current analysis will be strictly philosophical and will attempt to expose the radical incompatibility between the socio-linguistic antirealism of queer theories, constructivist in terms of gender and relativist on ethical-political matters, and the material neo-realism of feminism, articulated by complex, interactive, and integrated paradigms
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Lombaard, Christoffel, and Laima Geikina. "In a Time of War, a Political-and-Practical Theology: First Steps, Concrete Steps." Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education 14, no. 1 (April 26, 2023): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/dcse-2023-0012.
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Abstract Supporting a sustainable world in a situation of war is the background to this study. Additionally, interdisciplinarity forms a part of the dialogical ecosystem of searching for suitable solutions in a complex reality. For such purposes, in this contribution, the co-authors reflect on an actual instance of war. The first author provides a theological, socio-political and philosophical framework for an understanding, based in realism, of the relationship between theology and politics. The second author provides a first-hand case description from Riga, Latvia, of a politically-linked ecumenical project to assist Ukrainian refugees from the Russian invasion.
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Reza, Dr Md Mohoshin. "Investigating Laura Esquivel’s Magical Realist Techniques in Like Water for Chocolate." Praxis International Journal of Social Science and Literature 6, no. 7 (July 25, 2023): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51879/pijssl/060716.
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The present research critically analyzed the nature, function and dimension of magical realism used by Mexican novelist Laura Esquivel in her Like Water for Chocolate. In the study, the magical realist images were found quite attached to Mexican socio-political contexts. The power of desire and passion, and the struggle for liberty were found to be the major themes in the novel. Magical realistic exaggerations with power of love and memories manifested though the images of food. The study being qualitative employed document, content and textual analysis methods for collecting data. Logical interpretation process was followed in data analysis. The study investigated nature, functions, motives, dimensions and traits of magical realistic images and events as used in Like Water for Chocolate.
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Trifonova, Temenuga. "The working class in contemporary British cinema." Journal of Class & Culture 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jclc_00028_1.
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This article examines depictions of class and precarity in a number of representative films, including TwentyFourSeven (Meadows 1997), The Navigators (Loach 2001), This Is England (Meadows 2006), It’s a Free World (Loach 2007), Fish Tank (Arnold 2009), I, Daniel Blake (Loach 2016), Ray & Liz (Billingham 2018), Sorry We Missed You (Loach 2019) and Bait (Jenkin 2019) in order to illuminate the subtle changes that the tradition of British social realism has undergone over the last few decades and to rethink its political potential. The article poses the following questions: do social realist films endow their precarious subjects with agency or do they depict them as passive victims of socio-economic and political forces beyond their control? What new potential conditions of solidarity (if any) do the films envision? What are the dominant affective states that capture the dynamic of precarity in these films: anxiety, frustration, depression, anger, resentment or resignation?
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Maron, Marcin. "Head of Medusa, or Realism in Films of the Cinema of Moral Anxiety." Kwartalnik Filmowy, Special Issue (December 31, 2013): 231–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/kf.1904.
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The article discusses the films belonging to the Cinema of Moral Anxiety (1976-1981) as the most characteristic examples of realism in film in Polish cinematography between 1945 and 1989. The main aim of the early feature films of Krzysztof Kieślowski, Agnieszka Holland, Feliks Falk, Janusz Kijowski, and the work by Andrzej Wajda, Krzysztof Zanussi and Janusz Zaorski that can be classified as Cinema of Moral Anxiety, was a critical description of reality. This description was possible, thanks to skillful handling of the medium of photographic realism and realism in staging. The first part of the article presents in brief the historical and cinematographic context of the origins of the Cinema of Moral Anxiety. The second part discusses the major films of the movement in terms of the relationship between the strategies used in them and the process of creation of their critical and descriptive character. The order of the argument is set out by the achievements of four film cinematographers: Sławomir Idziak, Edward Kłosiński, Jacek Petrycki and Krzysztof Wyszyński. The following are the key issues: how does photographic realism manifests itself in film? How does it define their aesthetics and what is its impact on the creation of the director’s reflection upon socio-political context of the time? What are the limitations and difficulties associated with the aesthetics of realism? The third part of the article deals with the relationship of the realist aesthetics of the films belonging to the Cinema of Moral Anxiety movement with the moral reflection contained within them. The article concludes with some reflection upon typical protagonists of the films of the Cinema of Moral Anxiety. [originally published in Polish in Kwartalnik Filmowy 2011, no. 75-76, pp. 122-148]
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Gultyaeva, Galina S. "Realistic Painting of the 20th Century China in the Context of Cultural Visualization." Observatory of Culture 18, no. 1 (May 24, 2021): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2021-18-1-32-43.
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This article examines the phenomenon of Chinese realism, as well as the prerequisites and factors that influenced the processes of reception in modern Chinese art. At the beginning of the 20th century, under the influence of Western academic realism and the artistic system of social realism, a new direction and artistic method was formed — realism, which became mainstream in the art of China of the mid-20th century. According to its aesthetic and ideological motifs, Chinese realism is an object of social realism reception, which was determined by cultural and historical factors, and the development of political, economic and cultural ties with the USSR. Studying the realistic painting, which reflects the atmosphere of the era, the worldview, and the dialogue of cultures, is relevant for both Chinese and Russian contemporary art studies. The article examines the role of realism in the development of Chinese art culture of the 20th century, including its socio-political components, as well as the dynamics of artistic and expressive means and the iconographic system in the context of the historical and cultural situation. In the 1980s and 1990s, as a result of the liberalization of economic and political life, the artistic consciousness formed new concepts of realistic painting — neorealism and cynical realism, associated with a critical rethinking of the historical heritage. The neorealism and cynical realism, which would significantly enrich realistic painting with new forms and content, adopted Western postmodern concepts of pop art, and debunked, in a grotesque and satirical form, the political stereotypes of the past. The analysis of realistic painting of the 1990s demonstrates how the transformation of past painting canons reflects the desire of society to free itself from the pressure of totalitarian ideology and to rethink the value orientations of the previous era.The novelty of this study lies in the fact that it applies a systematic and holistic approach to the analysis of realism in Chinese painting, reveals the diversity of its forms and directions, and gives ground for the specifics of its evolution in the context of the artistic culture of the 20th century China. There are almost no comprehensive studies of this issue in modern art history, so this work is an attempt to create a scientific approach to the study of this artistic phenomenon and the formation of ideas about how the artistic consciousness of an entire epoch was changing.
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Abdullah, Abu Shahid. "Rewriting rural community and dictatorial history through magical realism in Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jolace-2015-0014.
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Abstract Márquez was greatly influenced by his grandmother’s story-telling ability, and was highly indebted to the socio-political history of Latin America, particularly Colombia. In One Hundred Years of Solitude, he wants to reconstruct the lost world of childhood by using magical realism which gives expression to the world-view of a rural people who live in isolation from modern world. By retelling the official history from the perspective of the oppressed, he reveals the fact that history is never factual and impartial but serves the interest of those who write it. Through the banana company massacre and the subsequent hide and seek over the number of dead workers, Márquez exposes the way official history becomes fabricated and distorted by authorities, and fails to provide the original occurrences. He was disgusted with the political violence and civil wars which had distraught people; he was also against capitalism, scientific and technological inventions, and so-called modernization, which are the means through which foreign culture brings corruption and brutality, dominates, exploits and oppresses the natives, and threatens the native culture and identity. By employing magical realism, he was able to recreate Colombian history to protest against the way capitalism dominated the socio-political and economic structure of the region.
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Ficek, Ryszard. "A Realism of Survival: Stefan Wyszyński and the Post-War Political Transformation of Poland (1945–1956)." UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 18, no. 1 (2021): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/johass.2021.1.6.
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The above article analyzes the socio-political thought and pastoral ministry of Stefan Wyszyński in the context of the Polish state’s post-war political transformation. The author’s interpretation of the source materials is intended to present the endeavor of Wyszyński in the complicated process of post-war political changes taking place in Poland at that time. The exploration of the above research will be based on analyzing source texts by the historical method consisting of historical facts and their reinterpretation by the inductive-deductive approach. Therefore, the above article’s fundamental goal is to present the country’s post-war socio-political situation and the Catholic Church’s strategy in Poland, undertaken by Wyszyński. Presenting the significant influence of Stefan Wyszyński, who, on behalf of the Church in Poland, commenced to call on clergy to recognize and respect state authority, to cooperate in the reconstruction of the country, and to support all efforts to strengthen peace and mutual cooperation, will allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relations between the Church and the communist state in the period of the post-war political transformation of Poland.
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Walsh, John Patrick. "The marvellous life of a Haitian refugee: James Noël’s Belle merveille." Crossings: Journal of Migration & Culture 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/cjmc_00037_1.
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This article examines the marvellous realism of two Haitian writers, past and present. Building on earlier schools of literary and socio-ethnographic thought, including Haitian indigenism, French surrealism and the Cuban writer Alejo Carpentier’s ‘marvellous real’, Jacques Stephen Alexis theorized marvellous realism at the first Congress of Black Writers and Artists in 1956. Some 60 years later, James Noël published Belle merveille, a novel that depicts a refugee who survives the earthquake of 2010 and embarks on a journey to understand his place among international aid groups that proliferate in the aftermath. The article suggests that Noël’s novel is both a tribute to and a creative rethinking of Alexis’s ideological commitment to the intersection of literary and social realism. It argues that by filtering events through the imaginary of the refugee, Noël interrogates the very categories of the marvellous and the real undergirding Alexis’s aesthetic and political project. After providing theoretical and historical context for Noël’s work, the article carries out close readings of Belle merveille to illuminate the ways in which its redeployment of marvellous realism delivers a critique of humanitarian aid.
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Kushwah, Anurag. "Study of Social realism in the cinema of Shyam Benegal, Satyajeet Ray, Deepa Mehta, Anubhav Sinha." RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2023.v10n02.007.
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This paper delves into the cinematic works of renowned Indian filmmakers Shyam Benegal, Satyajit Ray, Deepa Mehta, and Anubhav Sinha, with a specific focus on their use of social realism as a narrative and aesthetic tool. Social realism, as a genre, seeks to portray the realities of society, addressing social issues and reflecting the lives of ordinary individuals. These filmmakers have made significant contributions to Indian cinema by highlighting pertinent socio-political themes, questioning prevailing societal norms, and shedding light on marginalized communities. By examining their notable films, such as Shyam Benegal's "Ankur" and "Mandi," Satyajit Ray's "Pather Panchali" and "Aparajito," Deepa Mehta's "Fire" and "Water," and Anubhav Sinha's "Article 15" and "Thappad," this paper aims to analyze their unique approaches to social realism, their impact on Indian cinema, and their collective contribution to addressing social issues through the medium of film. The study draws on critical analysis, theoretical frameworks, and relevant scholarly works to provide a comprehensive understanding of the filmmakers' narratives, techniques, and thematic concerns within the context of social realism.
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Otusanya, Olatunde Julius, and Sarah G. Lauwo. "Corruption and socio-political economic structures: a case of Nigeria." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 330–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-01-2018-0003.
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Purpose “Corrupt practices” is a recurring feature of media coverage. The paper seeks to encourage debates about the influence of institutional structures on agency to break away from methodological individualism. This paper aims to encourage reflections on the role of both the structures and actors which have shaped the continuous expansion of corrupt practices in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Whilst recognising that deviant behaviour by some individuals is always possible, this paper has rejected methodological individualism and shows the value of locating anti-social practices within the broader socio-political and historical context. Within a socio-political framework, this study adopts the theories of critical realism, developmental state and globalisation to understand the relationship between social agency and society, focusing upon the institutional structures and the role of social actors. Findings The evidence shows that socio-political and economic development, politics, power, history and globalisation have continued to reproduce and transform the institutional structures and actors which have facilitated anti-social practices in Nigeria. The paper concludes that large sums of government revenue have been undermined by the anti-social practices of the Nigerian political and economic elite (both local and international), which have enriched a few, but impoverished most, Nigerians. Practical implications As a consequence of recurring corrupt practices in Nigeria, there is a pressing need for reform to curb these practices which have had, and continue to have, a serious effect on Nigeria and its future development. Originality/value It provides a framework for understanding and explaining the inter-relations of actors and institutional structures and the linkages and influences that have shaped the practices in Nigeria.
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MacLeavy, Julie. "Mechanism, process and the wider context of economic geography." Dialogues in Human Geography 9, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820619875332.
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This commentary responds to Henry Wai-chung Yeung’s call to develop clearer causal explanations in geography through mechanism-based thinking. His suggested use of a critical realist framework to ground geographical research on economies is, on one level, appealing and may help to counteract taken-for-granted assumptions about socio-spatial conditions and the significance of economic structures for everyday lived experiences. However, the general lack of applied critical realist research means the distinction between ‘mechanism’ and ‘process’ is often difficult to define in analyses of specific empirical events or geographical episodes. Not only is there a need for methodological development but, I suggest, also for greater recognition of critical realism as a reflective practice. We need to consider the means by which scholars distinguish between contingent and necessary relations, identify structures and counterfactuals and infer how mechanisms work out in particular places. The critical realist goal of advancing transformative change through the provision of causal explanation relies upon inferences made on the basis of researcher experience. Hence, we need to recognise that research is always a political practice and be careful not to discount knowledge borne from other analytical approaches.
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Meyers, Erika. "Nationalizing Realism in Dermot Bolger’s The Journey Home." Journal of Working-Class Studies 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v5i1.6263.
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Dermot Bolger’s third novel, The Journey Home, emerged in 1990 in the author’s home country of the Republic of Ireland, yet took 18 years to be republished in the United States in 2008. The novel’s graphic depiction of an array of abuses, including sexual, physical, political, and economic, not only illustrated the author’s intention to shock the reading public regarding the government’s conscious disregard for these struggles, but its publication also elucidated the aftereffects of exposing the differences between experiences with abuse and the ways in which both national and socio-economic processes mediate their interpretations. In this paper, I will argue that Bolger’s illustration of corruption and abuse does not only display a contrast between the public and those who represent their image, but also how socioeconomic paradigms are used to mediate perceptions of what constitutes ‘reality’.
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Ravochkin, N. N. "DISCOURSE OF POLITICAL AND LEGAL IDEAS IN A NETWORK SOCIETY: SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS (PART 1)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 29, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9550-2019-29-4-396-401.
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The article identifies new essential features of the discourse of political and legal ideas, acquired by it in the realities of a network society. It is noted that the functioning of these intellectual constructs in the space of a particular society or state directly determines the effectiveness of the institutional structure, and also allows the authorities to achieve a different pragmatic effect. As a research methodology, the author turns to his own synthetic epistemic-methodological foundations, focusing on the provisions of social realism (R. Collins, N.S. Rozov) and actor-network theory. In accordance with the indicated approaches, the mechanism of genesis and the logic of the existence of ideas in the social space are presented. The specificity and characteristic features of a network society are shown, which also allows its reading as an information model of society. In conclusion, the work outlines the possibilities for further research on the claimed topic.
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Reid, Trish. "The Dystopian Near-Future in Contemporary British Drama." Journal of Contemporary Drama in English 7, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcde-2019-0006.
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Abstract This paper addresses the theme of fear and anxiety in contemporary drama and performance through a consideration of the trope of the dystopian near-future as it has re-occurred in a significant number of recent British plays. It takes as its starting point the contention that the prevalence and persistence of this motif makes it worthy of investigation. The plays under discussion do not re-inscribe socio-political problems, or the status quo, by pretending to be objective records of the real world. Instead they create alternative fictional near-future worlds, exploratory dystopias that deliberately perform anxiety-inducing and estranging critical interrogations of current cultural and political concerns. Drawing on the work of Raymond Williams this essay seeks to show that the critical and emotional insights offered by these play-worlds are made possible only through the process of our pondering their strangeness. Each example stages its own particular disruption of theatrical realism and in so doing engages critically both with the British realist theatrical tradition, and also with the wider cultural discourses about ‘truth’ and ‘reality’ that haunt our contemporary neoliberal moment and the emotions these discourses produce.
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Zubair, Hassan Bin, and Dr Saba Sadia. "Analyzing Indian Socio-Political Thoughts, Hunger and Freedom in Bhabhani Bhattacharya’s Novel “So Many Hungers”." IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities) 5, no. 4 (August 14, 2019): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v5i4.106.
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This paper focuses on the Indian cultural background having the themes like hunger, poverty, famine, war, politics, freedom, imperialism, economic exploitation, class consciousness in the Indo-Anglian English fiction writer Bhabani Bhattacharya’s novel So Many Hungers!, related to the socio-political and economic situations of Bengali’s society. The theme of the novel is mainly the existing pressing problems of India especially the rural India before and after the Independence. Realism is one of the most remarkable features of Bhabani Bhattacharya’s fiction. His novel shows a passionate awareness of life in India, the social awakening and protest, the utter poverty of peasants, the Indian freedom struggle and its various dimensions, the tragedy of partition of the country, the social and political transitions, the mental as well as the physical agony of the poor peasants and labor class people of the Indian society, especially that of Bengal and other adjoining states. Bhattacharya believes that an artist should inevitably be concerned with truth and reality, his portrayal of the life and society is never a photographic one nor a journalistic record. One can very well find the reflection of Indian culture, tradition and struggle in it.
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Morselli, Michele. "Perdus entre l’Ancien Régime et la Restauration. Revenants, politique et réalisme dans Le Centenaire et Le Colonel Chabert de Balzac." Cahiers ERTA, no. 34 (June 30, 2023): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538953ce.23.009.17926.
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The article aims at suggesting the role of the Napoleonic supernatural in Balzac’s youth novel Le Centenaire (1822) as a counter-discourse to – and thus a locus of negotiation for – his later poetics of Realism. The investigation is held through a socio-poetical, close-reading based analysis of the revenant theme in both Le Centenaire and Le Colonel Chabert (1832-1844). First, the well-known political nature of Chabert as a revenant is associated to Bérigheld as his binary opposite: if Chabert embodies the uncanny persistence of the Empire during the Restauration, the centuries-old sorcerer who haunts Tullius, a young Napoleonic general, symbolizes Tullius’ monarchist temptation during the Empire. Nevertheless, the supernatural powers Tullius receives from Béringheld can be associated with the mythological features the Napoleonic soldiers accorded to their Emperor. If Chabert represent a counter-discourse to Tullius’ supernatural abilities, Balzac’s realism in the Comédie humaine can thus be considered as a reversal of the Napoleonic myth, so rooted in the authors early years.
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Shaheen Qamar and Dr. (Smt.) Aruna Sharma. "Reassertions of Class Consciousness and Tragic Vision in John Galsworthy’s Strife." Creative Launcher 7, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2022.7.6.13.
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John Galsworthy, a contemporary playwright of G. B. Shaw, established realism in drama in the early 20th century England. Through his plays, he exposed the socio-economic, socio-political, socio-cultural, and socio-legal problems in a realistic, sincere and impartial way, providing implied solutions to those problems as an objective observer of the contemporary English life. With objective impartiality, he exposed the wrong-headedness of some traditional beliefs and advocated social reform. The objective of the present paper is to expose the metaphors of tragic vision on account of class consciousness in John Galsworthy’s Strife followed by some implied solutions. The reasons of tragic vision are pride, lack of human insight, extreme and fanatical approach, rigidity, class consciousness, uncompromising stands, warring faction, obstinacy, and desire to win and dominate, etc. Through this play the playwright wishes to establish the notion that human beings should be ruled by logic and reason and his testimony lies in portraying the futility and stupidity of quarrelling over conceptual differences, which might have been settled by compromise or arbitration.
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de Klerk, Eugene. "Spectre and Speculation: Haunting and Uncanniness in Soweto, Under the Apricot Tree by Niq Mhlongo." Image & Text, no. 37 (November 1, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2617-3255/2023/n37a33.
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Niq Mhlongo's collection of short stories, Soweto, Under the Apricot Tree (2018), does not perhaps immediately present itself as speculative fiction. The collection, however, gives the supernatural world of African indigenous knowledge as much weight in shaping characters' lives and experiences as it does contemporary socio-political realities. It troubles established genre distinctions in that it can be seen as a work simultaneously belonging to magical realism, social realism, and horror. This article contends that it is precisely owing to the work's use of supernatural and uncanny aspects that this collection can be viewed as a form of social or sociological realism, which aims at depicting the peculiar contemporary and subjective (sur)realities of many young black South Africans. It is faithful to the contradictory worlds of tradition and globalisation that many South Africans straddle, as well as to the spectres of colonialism and Apartheid, that impinge on the present in both material and immaterial forms. In many ways the collection stages the difficulty of decolonisation and the subjective spectres and doppeigängers that such a process unleashes. This paper will make use of the work of Sigmund Freud, Avery F. Gordon, Eve Tuck and C. Ree to explore instances of haunting and the uncanny in Mhlongo's collection.
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Milbank, Paul. "A Society Without Imagination: A Lament." Kenarchy Journal 3 (January 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.62950/vwhwb31.
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This paper explores the loss of imagination in contemporary society as a consequence of the modern tendency to associate the ‘real’ with the material and quantitative. With reference to the development of Realism by Marx and Freud and its current role as the foundation of modern capitalism, the author draws on the work of Carl Jung, Brazilian theologian Ruben Alves, and cultural theorist Mark Fisher to expose this development and reassert the vital role of the imagination. The subjugation of imagination to Realism is regarded as especially tragic because Realism as an ideology underscores and sponsors a social structure in which the world is divided between those who have power and those upon whom power is exercised. The loss of a proper recognition of the place of the arts in socio-political re-imagination and hope for change is exposed and lamented. Imagination is viewed as not altogether lost, being particularly vested in children and the creative arts, but rather suppressed. In conclusion, despite the way that contemporary social reality presents as permanent and incontrovertible, the paper makes a fervent plea for the recovery of space in which the human soul can reassert its needs and longings into the world.
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Vyas, Amritha. "Exploring Social Realism in Dickens’ Oliver Twist: A Study of Victorian London’s Underclass." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 9, no. 3 (2024): 013–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.93.2.
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This paper explores into Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist to examine its portrayal of social realism amidst the backdrop of Victorian London's underclass. Through a multidimensional analysis, it scrutinizes Dickens’ depiction of poverty, exploitation, and societal injustices faced by the marginalized segments of society. By exploring the lives of characters like Oliver, Fagin, and Nancy, the paper elucidates the intricate web of economic disparity, moral decay, and systemic oppression prevalent in the era. Drawing on historical context and literary analysis, it highlights Dickens’ adeptness in capturing the harsh realities of urban poverty and the resilience of individuals navigating through adversity. Ultimately, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of Dickens’ socio-political commentary and the enduring relevance of Oliver Twist in critiquing societal inequities.
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Tanner, Jeremy. "Portraits, Power, and Patronage in the Late Roman Republic." Journal of Roman Studies 90 (November 2000): 18–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/300199.
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Recent work in ancient art history has sought to move beyond formalist interpretations of works of art to a concern to understand ancient images in terms of a broader cultural, political, and historical context. In the study of late Republican portraiture, traditional explanations of the origins of verism in terms of antecedent influences — Hellenistic realism, Egyptian realism, ancestral imagines — have been replaced by a concern to interpret portraits as signs functioning in a determinate historical and political context which serves to explain their particular visual patterning. In this paper I argue that, whilst these new perspectives have considerably enhanced our understanding of the forms and meanings of late Republican portraits, they are still flawed by a failure to establish a clear conception of the social functions of art. I develop an account of portraits which shifts the interpretative emphasis from art as object to art as a medium of socio-cultural action. Such a shift in analytic perspective places art firmly at the centre of our understanding of ancient societies, by snowing that art is not merely a social product or a symbol of power relationships, but also serves to construct relationships of power and solidarity in a way in which other cultural forms cannot, and thereby transforms those relationships with determinate consequences.
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Cole, Ross. "Industrial Balladry, Mass Culture, and the Politics of Realism in Cold War Britain." Journal of Musicology 34, no. 3 (2017): 354–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2017.34.3.354.
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Focusing on a series of pioneering radio ballads produced for the BBC between 1958 and 1961 by Ewan MacColl, Charles Parker, and Peggy Seeger, this article explores representations of industrial working-class culture in folksongs of the radical Left. Situating such work in relation to A. L. Lloyd, mass culture, the nascent New Left, gender, and the aesthetics of social realism (distinct from the project of Soviet socialist realism), I argue that early radio ballads were nostalgic panegyrics for the integrity of working-class identity in the face of unprecedented socio-economic change. At the very moment when distinctively masculine working-class traditions seemed to be at risk of disappearing under the rising tide of affluence, Conservative Party rhetoric, female emancipation, and the emergence of a classless commodity utopia, these programs generated a portrait of an unwavering British subculture damaged and defined by capitalist exploitation yet resistant to the unwelcome advance of globalized modernity. Ultimately, such work revealed far more about MacColl’s own political convictions than about the intricacies of working-class life in Britain.
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Makarov, Valery L., Nikolai I. Ilyin, Albert R. Bakhtizin, and Bulat R. Khabriev. "National Strength of the Countries in the World: Evaluation and Forecast." Economic Strategies 152, no. 6 (December 25, 2022): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-6.186.2022.38-51.
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The present paper follows up an earlier study on modeling and assessing the national strength of the world countries. This integral index is the most informative and popular indicator in the world that characterizes the aggregate potential of a particular country and at the same time makes it possible to compare the level of its power and socio-economic development with similar indicators of other states. In the past national strength calculations were carried out by well-known political figures, such as foreign policy strategist and director (from 1975 to 2013) of the main Office of Net Assessment (ONA) of the US Department of Defence, Andrew Marshall [1], founder of political realism, Nicholas John Spekeman [2], one of the leading US foreign policy experts, Hans Morgenthau [3], founder of neorealism theory Kenneth Neil Waltz [4], author of the theory of offensive realism John Mearsheimer [5] and others. To date, dozens of methods for assessing national strength have been developed, the first of which was put forward in 1741. In the article first of all we’ll consider the most well-known foreign results and then present our own ones. In our opinion, it is important to make calculations of the integral indicator of national strength on an ongoing basis, as well as to compare our country’s potential with alternative estimates of analytical centers of geopolitical opponents.
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Pianta, Silvia, and Elina Brutschin. "Emissions Lock-in, Capacity, and Public Opinion: How Insights From Political Science Can Inform Climate Modeling Efforts." Politics and Governance 10, no. 3 (September 21, 2022): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v10i3.5462.
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The implementation of ambitious climate policies consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement is fundamentally influenced by political dynamics. Yet, thus far, climate mitigation pathways developed by integrated assessment models (IAMs) have devoted limited attention to the political drivers of climate policymaking. Bringing together insights from the political science and socio-technical transitions literature, we summarize evidence on how emissions lock-in, capacity, and public opinion can shape climate policy ambition. We employ a set of indicators to describe how these three factors vary across countries and regions, highlighting context-specific challenges and enablers of climate policy ambition. We outline existing studies that incorporate political factors in IAMs and propose a framework to employ empirical data to build climate mitigation scenarios that incorporate political dynamics. Our findings show that there is substantial heterogeneity in key political drivers of climate policy ambition within IAM regions, calling for a more disaggregated regional grouping within models. Importantly, we highlight that the political challenges and enablers of climate policy ambition considerably vary across regions, suggesting that future modeling efforts incorporating political dynamics can significantly increase the realism of IAM scenarios.
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Ariza, Marta R., Andri Christodoulou, Michiel van Harskamp, Marie-Christine P. J. Knippels, Eleni A. Kyza, Ralph Levinson, and Andria Agesilaou. "Socio-Scientific Inquiry-Based Learning as a Means toward Environmental Citizenship." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 11509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011509.
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This paper draws on the meta-theory of Critical Realism providing a theoretical basis for the pedagogical approach of Socio-Scientific Inquiry-Based Learning (SSIBL) in supporting Education for Environmental Citizenship (EEC). We argue that while there are different configurations of EEC, inducting citizens in decision-making needs satisfies the following criteria: (a) relevant transdisciplinary knowledge, (b) a values orientation toward both the complexity of, and the necessity for, a sustainable world and (c) a confidence for, and commitment to, socio-political action at individual and collective levels. In order to provide a rich perspective about how SSIBL has been operationalized in various national contexts through specific teacher professional development, we present four cases purposefully selected as exemplars from different European countries (the Netherlands, Spain, the UK and Cyprus). The four cases provide powerful scenarios to discuss different ways in which the SSIBL approach can be implemented in teacher education to meet the criteria identified and, thus, promote informed and responsible action in relation to socio-environmental issues. The whole picture shows a consistent theoretical foundation and interesting opportunities for teacher education, as a relevant strategy to prepare teachers in taking risks and integrating SSIBL within school curricula to foster environmental citizenship.
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Preece, Chloe. "The branding of contemporary Chinese art and its politics." Arts Marketing: An International Journal 4, no. 1/2 (September 30, 2014): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/am-10-2013-0021.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the branding of the Cynical Realist and Political Pop contemporary art movements in China. The trajectory this brand has taken over the past 25 years reveals some of the power discourses that operate within the international visual arts market and how these are constructed, distributed and consumed. Design/methodology/approach – A review of avant-garde art in China and its dissemination is undertaken through analysis of historical data and ethnographic data collected in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong. Findings – The analysis exposes the ideological framework within which the art market operates and how this affects the art that is produced within it. In the case of Cynical Realism and Political Pop, the art was framed and packaged by the art world to reflect Western liberal political thinking in terms of personal expression thereby implicitly justifying Western democratic, capitalist values. Research limitations/implications – As an exploratory study, findings contribute to macro-marketing research by demonstrating how certain sociopolitical ideas develop and become naturalised through branding discourses in a market system. Practical implications – A socio-cultural branding approach to the art market provides a macro-perspective in terms of the limitations and barriers for artists in taking their work to market. Originality/value – While there have been various studies of branding in the art market, this study reveals the power discourses at work in the contemporary visual arts market in terms of the work that is promoted as “hot” by the art world. Branding here is shown to reflect politics by circulating and promoting certain sociocultural and political ideas.
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Dr Ajita Bhattacharya. "A Paradigmatic Critique of Harold Pinter’s The Caretaker." Creative Launcher 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.1.19.
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Harold Pinter lived and wrote his plays after the World War period. In this period scholars were associated with the portrayal of unrefined and crude factors of warfare which were, directly and indirectly, related to the people of that time. They also depicted how governments were exploiting common people in the name of safety and warfare. Despite the fact that Pinter's plays are not actually about warfare or the circumstance of Wars, his plays have the impressions of warfare in various shades. His plays display various levels of human existence. There is an exploration of mental, social, financial, human relationship, and the existential methodology of existence with ludicrousness in his plays. Pinter’s relationship is with the real elements of human existence and activities. He denies the idea of realism in his plays and says that “If you press me for a definition. I would say that what goes on in my plays is realistic, but what I’m doing is not realism” (The Essential Pinter, 11). He always tried to depict concrete and particular idea in his plays through concrete characters. He never wrote his plays for any kind of abstract idea. He is associated with realism in the matter of approach of depiction to the crude and drastic realities of the time. He has represented the post-war British socio-political issues, sensibilities and psychological as well as mental states of the human mind.
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Sabonsolin, John Cavin M., and Dr Lito Diones. "Socio-political Context of The First Play-Poem “Ang Kagila-Gilalas Na Pakikipagsapalaran Ni Juan Dela Cruz” Of Jose Lacaba." International Journal of Scientific and Management Research 05, no. 05 (2022): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37502/ijsmr.2022.5511.
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Poetry is a central model of human beings' use of words to explore, express, and understand (Simecek and Rumbold, 2016). Dramatizing poetry encourages students to consider poetic themes and substance more fully and unlocks the meaning of poems in various ways. (Ferguson, 2014) In the Philippines, it was the University of the Philippines (UP) Repertory Company which developed the convenient form of the first play-poem (dula-tula), "Ang Kagila-Gilalas Na Pakikipagsapalaran ni Juan Dela Cruz". This literary study assumes that there is a sociopolitical context in the first play-poem, "Ang Kagila-Gilalas Na Pakikipagsapalaran ni Juan Dela Cruz" in today's societal issues. Using critical discourse analysis, the researcher explores the local colors, figurative languages, and poem messages that reveal sociopolitical. The researcher anchors the realism and Marxism literary theories on the analysis of the play-poem. Results indicate that the first play- poem shows sociopolitical through local colors, figurative languages, and messages. The study confirms that the first playpoem of Jose Lacaba have sociopolitical context embedded in their literary element.
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Miranda, Kátia Aparecida da Silva Nunes, Solange Maria de Barros, and Juliano Cláudio Alves. "Ações socioeducativas em tempos de pandemia (Socio-educational actions in times of pandemic)." Revista Eletrônica de Educação 15 (March 24, 2021): e4725039. http://dx.doi.org/10.14244/198271994725.
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e4725039In this article, we propose to critically reflect on public policies aimed at socio-education in times of pandemic caused by the coronavirus (Covid-19). We also propose to show what measures are being taken by the federal and state governments to mitigate the socio-educational problem. The work is anchored in Paulo Freire's critical and humanistic pedagogy, in Roy Bhaskar's critical realism and in the conception of socio-education coined by Antônio Carlos Gomes da Costa, as a way of understanding and, consequently, finding ways to act in favor of groups that are socially in situation of deprivation of liberty. It concludes by the need to seek (re) construction of public policies that guarantee the effective socio-educational assistance to these young people, which is seen to be possible through joint actions involving various political and social actors, based on the principle of institutional incompleteness.ResumoNeste artigo, propomos refletir criticamente acerca das políticas públicas destinadas à socioeducação em tempos de pandemia causada pelo coronavírus (Covid-19). Propomos ainda mostrar quais são as medidas que estão sendo tomadas pelos governos federal e estadual para mitigar o problema socioeducativo. O trabalho está ancorado na pedagogia crítica e humanística de Paulo Freire, no realismo crítico de Roy Bhaskar e na concepção de socioeducação cunhada por Antônio Carlos Gomes da Costa, como forma de compreender e, consequentemente, de encontrar meios de agir em favor de grupos que estão socialmente em situação de privação de liberdade. Conclui-se pela necessidade de buscar a (re)construção de políticas públicas que garantam o efetivo atendimento socioeducativo a esses jovens, o que se vislumbra ser possível a partir de ações conjuntas envolvendo diversos atores políticos e sociais, a partir do princípio da incompletude institucional.Palavras-chave: Socioeducação de jovens, Situação de privação de liberdade, Políticas Públicas, Transformação social.Keywords: Youth socio-education, Restriction and deprivation of liberty, Public policy, Social transformation.ReferencesBARROS, Solange Maria de. Análise crítica do discurso e realismo crítico: reflexões interdisciplinares. Polifonia, vol. 17, p. 141-157. Cuiabá-MT: EdUFMT, 2009.BARROS, Solange Maria de. Realismo crítico e emancipação humana: contribuições ontológicas e epistemológicas para os estudos críticos do discurso. Campinas: Pontes Editora, 2015.BARROS, Solange Maria de; MATTOS, Norma Gisele de. Formação crítico-reflexiva de uma educadora de escola pública: entre o pensar e o fazer. Revista ECOS, v. 15, p. 295-324, 2013.BARROS, S. M. Formação Crítica do educador de línguas: por uma política emancipatória e de transformação social. In: BARROS, S. M. ASSIS PETERSON, A. A. (org.) Formação de professores de línguas: desejos e possibilidades. São Carlos, SP: Pedro e João Editores, 2010.BHASKAR, Roy. Critical Realism. Essential Readings. In: ARCHER, M.; BHASKAR, R.; COLLIER, A.; LAWSON, T. e NORRIE, A. Centre for Critical Realism. London: Routledge, 1998.BHASKAR, Roy. From Science to Emancipation. Alienation and the Actuality of Enlightenment. New Delhi/London: Sage Publications, 2002.BHASKAR, Roy. The Philosophy of metaReality: creativity, love, and freedom. Reprint. London: Routledge, 2012.BRASIL. Congresso Nacional. Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Lei Federal 8.069, de 13 de julho de 1990. Brasília, 1990. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8069.htm. Acesso em: 21 out. 2019.BRASIL. Lei n. 12.594, de 18 de janeiro de 2012. Institui o Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo – SINASE, Brasília, 18/01/2012. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2011-2014/2012/Lei/L12594.htm. Acesso em: 21 out. 2019.BRASIL. Cadastro Nacional de Adolescentes em Conflito com a Lei – CNACL. Conselho Nacional de Justiça. Poder Judiciário. Brasília: CNJ/2019. Disponível em: https://www.cnj.jus.br/cnaclnovo/publico/. Acesso em: 20 out. 2019.BRASIL. CNJ. Conselho Nacional de Justiça. Orientação técnica para inspeção pelo Poder Judiciário dos espaços de privação de liberdade no contexto da pandemia. 2020a.BRASIL. CONANDA. Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente. Recomendações do CONANDA para a proteção integral a crianças e adolescentes durante a pandemia do covid-19. 2020b.COSTA, Antônio Carlos Gomes da. Pedagogia da Presença: da Solidão ao Encontro. Belo Horizonte: Modus Faciendi, 1999.COSTA, Antônio Carlos Gomes da. Socioeducação: estrutura e funcionamento da comunidade educativa. Secretaria Especial de Direitos humanos. Subsecretaria dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente, abr. 2004.FREIRE, Paulo. Extensão ou comunicação. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1985.FREIRE, Paulo. Pedagogia da autonomia: saberes necessários à prática educativa. São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 1992.FREIRE, Paulo. Pedagogia do Oprimido. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 2005.GADOTTI, Moacir. Educação Popular, Educação social, Educação Comunitária: conceitos e práticas diversas, cimentadas por uma causa comum. Revista Diálogos: pesquisa em extensão universitária. IV Congresso Internacional de Pedagogia Social: domínio epistemológico, 18 (1), 10-32, 2012.JULIÃO, E.F. Educação de Jovens e Adultos em situação de restrição e privação de liberdade: Questões, Avanços e Perspectivas. Jundiaí-SP: Paco Editorial, 2013.MAKARENKO, Anton Semyonovich. Poema Pedagógico. 3 vols. Brasília: Ed. Brasiliense, 1983 (disponível apenas em bibliotecas Conferências sobre Educação Infantil, Anton Makarenko, E. Moraes, 1981).MARASCHIN, Cleci; RANIERE, Édio. Socioeducação e Identidade: onde se utiliza Foucault e Varela para pensar o Sinase. Revista Katálysis. Florianópolis, v. 14, n. 1, p. 95-103, jan/jun, 2011.MATO GROSSO. Governo do Estado de Mato Grosso. Plano Decenal de Atendimento Socioeducativo do Estado de Mato Grosso: 2014-2024. Cuiabá-MT: Governo do Estado de Mato Grosso, 2014NUÑES, Violeta. Pedagogia social: cartas para navegar em el novo milenio. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Santillana S.A, 1999.OUTHWAITE, William. Toward a Realist Perspective. In: G. Morgan (ed.). Beyond Method: Strategies for Social Research. London: Sage, 1983.PAES, Paulo. O socioeducador. In: PAES, P. AMORIM, S. PEDROSSINA, D. (orgs.). Formação continuada de socioeducadores. Campo Grande: Programa Escola de Conselhos, 2008. p. 81-97.PNUD. Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento 2018. Disponível em: https://www.br.undp.org/content/brazil/pt/home/library/idh/relatorios-de-desenvolvimento-humano/relatorio-do-desenvolvimento-humano-2018.html. Acesso em: 21 out. 2019.RANIERE, Édio. A invenção das medidas socioeducativa. 2014. 196 f. Tese (Doutorado em Psicologia Social e Institucional). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre: Biblioteca Setorial do Instituto de Psicologia, 2014.RIBEIRO, Paulo Rennes Marçal. Educação Escolar no Brasil: Problemas, Reflexões e Propostas. Coleção Textos, Vol. 4. Araraquara-SP: UNESP, 1990.SANTOS, Antônio Raimundo dos. Metodologia Científica: a construção do conhecimento. Rio de Janeiro: DPA, 2000.VANDENBERGHE, Frédéric. Teoria Social Realista. Um diálogo franco-britânico. Belo Horizonte: Ed. UFMG, 2010.ZANELLA, Maria Nilvane. Bases teóricas da socioeducação: análise das práticas de intervenção e metodologias de atendimento do adolescente em situação de conflito com a lei. São Paulo: Uniban, 2011.
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Zhang, Ling. "Foreshadowing the Future of Capitalism: Surveillance Technology and Digital Realism in Xu Bing’s Dragonfly Eyes." Comparative Cinema 8, no. 14 (May 22, 2020): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31009/cc.2020.v8.i14.05.
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How has the development of surveillance technology and its normalized intervention into our social structures and daily lives impact our imagination of the future? Does the “total view” of the intense yet impassive gaze of surveillance cameras, combined with the mediated intimacy of social media videos, foreshadow deeper social alienation or the fulfillment of individual desire? In order to address such questions, I take the Chinese artist Xu Bing and his team’s film Dragonfly Eyes (Qingting zhi yan, 2017) and its surrounding media culture as a case study to demonstrate how surveillance footage and various modes of cinematic ontology, digital realism, and temporality work in a contemporary socio-political-medial context. Composed by Xu and a group of collaborators, Dragonfly Eyes is the only existing feature-length fiction film constructed completely from surveillance footage. As a highly reflexive film, Dragonfly epitomizes and embodies the precarious potentials of the digital future of capitalism, both invigorating and bleak, expressive and corrupt.
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Park, Wooyoung. "A Study on the Relation between the Praxis of Church as a Community of Faith and Christian Realism - Focusing on the Need of Reinterpreting Christian Realism in the Socio-political Realm -." Theology and praxis 39 (May 30, 2014): 543–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14387/jkspth.2014.39.543.
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Wang, Shue. "Modern Chinese painting on military themes: "new realism" and loyalty to traditions." Человек и культура, no. 4 (April 2022): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2022.4.38497.
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In the contemporary art of China, a special role belongs to painting on a military theme. Its formation began in connection with the need to keep a visual chronicle of the revolutionary struggle for the New China, the assertion of its status in the eyes of the people. Initially, realism was chosen as the main artistic method. By the turn of the XX and XXI centuries, as a result of the influence of modern art trends, a "new realism" emerged. The subject of this article is the pictorial work of contemporary Chinese artists who dedicate their paintings to military subjects and themes. He pays special attention to the art criticism analysis of the formal and substantive side of the paintings of the late XX – early XXI centuries. The main conclusion of the study is the establishment of the fact that under the influence of the so-called "new realism" Chinese painting associated with images of war, army, navy, has changed in the direction of images relevant to the era, as well as methods and techniques of image construction. However, at the same time, it should be noted that there is still a connection with traditions, which allows us to characterize the process of evolution of the Chinese school of battle painting. The novelty of the article is the introduction to the scientific circulation of Russian art criticism of a series of paintings by Chinese masters devoted to military topics. In general, the battle genre in Chinese painting is associated in the work with the formation of the People's Republic of China and is considered in a political and socio-cultural context.
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Wilson, Janet M. "Corporeal Suffering: Performing Resistance and Resilience in Slow Man." Journal of Modern Literature 46, no. 2 (January 2023): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jml.2023.a885845.
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Abstract: Slow Man (2005), a novel about migration, dislocation, and belonging, marks Coetzee's withdrawal from the socio-political landscapes of South Africa coinciding with his move to Australia, and his preoccupation in writing fiction with the conflicting demands of representation, auto/biography, and realism. The leg amputation and home nursing of the protagonist, Paul Rayment, following an accident, introduce a discourse on the various meanings of care and the ethics of caring that also acknowledges Rayment's corporeal enfeeblement, aging, and mortality. An intersecting meta-commentary generated by Rayment's dialogue with the metafictional character Elizabeth Costello complicates Coetzee's "compromised resilient narrative" of Rayment's hesitant trajectory of resistance, adaptation, and renewal. The focus on the migrant's place in the life of the nation, represented by Rayment's French origins and his recently arrived Slovakian carer, Marijanna Jokić and her family, represents a new departure for Coetzee.
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Belozerov, V. K. "International Political Communication in The Context of Digitalization of World Development." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 13, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-2-9.
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The article is dedicated to exploring the phenomenon of international political communication, changing in the context of world development digitalization. The logic of comprehension and sequence of material presentation stem from a number of circumstances. Firstly, the modern socio- political practice of responding to digitalization is characterized by fragmentation, discreteness and incompleteness. Nevertheless, digitalization is a real phenomenon that has a political dimension, and its manifestations, consequences and exposure perspectives need scientific understanding. Furthermore, the very international political communication remains understudied. The research on communication processes is focused mainly on the domestic sphere. Consequently, the content and direction of changes in the sphere of international political communication under the influence of digitalization are not fully evaluated by the scientific community.The methodological basis of the research is the theory of political communication and realism. The disclosure of the stated topic required the use of structural and functional analysis, document analysis, comparative analysis, and performance analysis. The author derives the definition of international political communication. Based on the study of specialized literature and available examples from practice, problem clusters of international political communication are being identified and characterized, some measures of response to digitalization are being proposed. In order to assess and understand the prospects for responding to the digitalization of international political communication, attention is paid to the study and comparison of the doctrinal documents of Russia, the USA, Germany and Austria. It is substantiated that changes in the practice of international political communication in the context of digitalization will increase.
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Yeung, Henry Wai-chung. "Rethinking mechanism and process in the geographical analysis of uneven development." Dialogues in Human Geography 9, no. 3 (July 29, 2019): 226–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820619861861.
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Speaking directly to economic and political geographers working on uneven development, this article critically examines the deployment of two key concepts, mechanism and process, as analytical tools for causal explanation in geographical analysis during the past two decades. Drawing upon critical realism to develop a theory of mechanism, this article clarifies the conceptual distinction between mechanism and process. Whereas process is conceived as a contingent change in the sequential series of entities and their relations, mechanism serves as a necessary relation to connect an initial causal condition with its particular socio-spatial outcomes in context. This analytical distinction between a contingent process of change and a necessary mechanism for an outcome requires a careful specification of the concrete outcomes to be explained and the working of various mechanisms. Illustrating my case through existing studies of neoliberalization and, briefly, path dependence, I argue that there is a tendency in the literature to conflate mechanism and process in different meso-level theories of socio-spatial change. This conflation, in turn, distorts the causal links in core concepts and reduces their explanatory efficacy in accounting for uneven development. Rethinking mechanism and process can therefore help revitalize systematic explanations of uneven development as one of geography’s core intellectual projects and contributions to the social sciences; it can also allow geographers to engage more productively with the rapidly growing mechanistic thought in analytical sociology, political science and the philosophy of social science during the past two decades.
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Kovachev, Ognyan. "The Black Monk of Emilian Stanev and his Gothic Brethren." Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 49, no. 4 (August 20, 2022): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for22.431cern.
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Emiliyan Stanev’s unfinished short novel The Black Monk still remains on the margins of his oeuvre, and also of research interest on the part of Bulgarian literary studies. On the other hand, the plot and the eponymous character fit it into a wide network of works by English, German, French, Russian and other authors, in the traditions of Gothic, Romanticism, Realism and their varieties, where the ‘Black Monk’ motif is a locus communis. I call the potential of such loci communes to form sets of works partially connected by separate, often contextually undetermined threads, polyvalent intertextuality. Comparing through it works by different authors, from different genres and nationalities, I come to the conclusion that their interaction can be described, in terms such as de- and reterritorialization (Deleuze and Guattari), as rhizomatic and gothic. This paper does not range over historical-philosophical, ethical, socio-political, etc. aspects of Stanev's work.
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Jacquemain, Marc, René Doutrelepont, and Michel Vandekeere. "L'identité Wallonne saisie par l'enquête : Une approche constructiviste de l'identité collective." Res Publica 36, no. 3-4 (December 31, 1994): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v36i3-4.18739.
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At first view, the methodology of survey research may seem rather unsuitable to the study of such "holistic" phenomena as collective and social identities. That difficulty vanishes - at least partly - as soon as we consider social identity as the link between the individual and his belongings, as does the "social identity theory", developed from the work of Taffel and Turner. From there on, survey research may prove to be a useful device to cope with some main characteristics of social identity: mainly its variability among groups and classes within a same society and its particular sensitivity to socio-political contexts. Survey research, combined with the social identity theory may help to test historical assumptions at a macro-social level. It may also give some ''flesh" and some additional realism to the micro-theories of social behaviour, which are too often limited by their conception of a strictly rational and interested agent.
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Skye Mackie, Erin. "Angels of Allegory and Experience: Laura Restrepo's "Dulce compañía" and Gabriel García Márquez's "Un señor muy viejo con unas alas enormes"." Latin American Literary Review 49, no. 97 (November 17, 2021): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26824/lalr.277.
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Establishing an intertextual relation between Restrepo’s novel and García Márquez’s story, this paper examines how Restrepo’s paired commitment to socio-political relevance and to broad legibility shapes her novel’s engagement with the legacy of magic realism and with discursive, especially novelistic, conventions more generally. A comparative analysis of thematic and formal features highlights how this commitment molds Dulce compañía’s recapitulation of the theme of the angel of flesh and blood within an updated, urban context and in a commercially successful novel with an international readership. Focusing on narrative and figurative, especially allegorical, discourses, I consider that while the angel allegory in “Un señor muy viejo” is used to excavate literary-rhetorical issues of representation (as argued by Carlos Rincón), in Dulce compañía it is oriented towards the preservative revelation of popular forms of belief that emerge from the lived experience of violence and abandonment.
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Shumaila Fatma. "Treatment of History in Select Contemporary Indian English Novels." Creative Launcher 5, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2020.5.4.11.
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History and fiction share one trait in common and that is recording of events past, incidence, personalities, movements, etc. the difference between history and fiction is that history takes an objective view of the events whereas fiction takes a creative sweep. Both chronicle formation, development and evolution of nations in their own way. History fiction interface therefore becomes a virgin track to till for the Indian English novelist. Shashi Tharoor in The Great Indian Novel (1989), Geeta Mahta in Raj (1988) and Kiran Nagarkar in Cuckold (1997) explore this interface in their unique ways. Tharoor tries to atone himself with his present retrospectively with the help of history. Geeta Mehta tries to coalate east –west encounter along with cultural issues, historical facts and fantasy, realism and socio-political features at the time of independence. Kiran Nagarkar tries to achieve a transformation in the history or the lack of it.
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Iqbal, Sajid. "Comparative Analysis of Taliban Regimes to Assess the Global Challenges in Afghanistan: A Realist Perspective." Global Foreign Policies Review VI, no. II (June 30, 2023): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2023(vi-ii).07.
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This paper delves into the challenges faced by the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, impacting their legitimacy and stability. These challenges encompass economic, humanitarian, and security issues similar to the previous Taliban regime from 1996 to 2001, along with new challenges arising from shifts in global security and politics. With a focus on international relations theory, specifically realism, the paper analyzes neighboring countries' responses to Taliban rule and their implications for regional security. Additionally, it examines potential spillover effects, such as increased terrorism and refugee flows. The paper advocates for a coordinated and multifaceted approach, considering the intricate political, social, and economic factors at play in Afghanistan. Emphasizing Pakistan's role due to its socio-cultural ties with Afghanistan, the paper encourages policymakers to involve governments, corporations, organizations, and international groups. Further research is necessary to develop effective strategies in addressing these challenges and promoting regional security and stability.
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Qilin, Fu. "Six theoretical paradigms of Eastern European Marxist aesthetics." Thesis Eleven 159, no. 1 (July 24, 2020): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513620945543.
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The conceptual and methodological contributions of Marxist aesthetics from Eastern European countries like Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, and East Germany were productive and significant despite various hurdles faced concerning institutionalization, legitimization and differing theoretical abuses. In its mode of inquiry and discursive practices, Eastern European Marxist aesthetics is both similar and dissimilar to its Western, Soviet, Russian and Chinese counterparts. The specificity here is the function of a unique geographical and socio-historical context, as well as interaction with other contemporary paradigms of thought. The innovative impulses of Eastern European Marxist aesthetics affected six scholarly domains: aesthetics of praxis, theory of realism, critique of modernity, semiotics, theory of genre and cultural theory. This paper provides a general survey of the intellectual achievements of Eastern European Marxist aesthetics across these six domains and will show how this theoretical tradition has influenced the modern history of ideas.
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O., Kopytova. "Formalism and realism as a style of judicial interpretation: theoretical-applicable aspect." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (August 2020): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-21.
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The article is devoted to revealing the features of formalism and realism as styles of judicial interpretation. It is proved that the effective and enforceability of the law as a whole depends on the effective enforcement. Judicial enforcement is the last stage of enforcement as a whole. The court, through judicial enforcement, reveals the content of a rule of law in its course of action, completes it or establishes its true meaning through interpretation. It is argued that the use of formalism and realism as styles of judicial interpretation leads to the formation of two independent styles of justice. It is stated that, in the practical plane, the distinction between formalism and realism looks so that the judge should start from the written text of the act, applying the priority of the principle of legality. The will of the "author of the text" is also taken into account. Formalism, given the rapid nature of social relations and therefore the change in legal reality, is generally associated with the risk of making unfair judgments. Judicial realism, on the contrary, considers it possible for judges to appeal to considerations of morality, policy and the like. It is proved that a realistic approach is necessarily linked with voluntarism that exists in "hard" and "soft" forms. This gives you the opportunity to be a realistic approach, radical or moderate. If the judge is empowered to set the contents (meaning) of the text that is interpreted, it is absolutely arbitrary – arbitrary, that is, without any connection with the semantics of the text, then voluntarism is evident in "hard" form. Judicial realism is able to use strong arguments, and is therefore able to meet the requirements of justice and (or) the effective court decisions in the socio-economic and political circumstances change rapidly. Popular here is the application context of the application of the law. These approaches in the theory of law also called static and dynamic (one that fits right to life) ways of interpretation. At the same time, we must not forget about the possibility of a miscarriage of justice during the administration of justice. It is a properly defined legally significant circumstances in connection with this incorrect conclusion of the court made on the basis of given factual circumstances. A realistic approach is necessarily linked with voluntarism that exists in "hard" and "soft" forms. This gives you the opportunity to be a realistic approach, radical or moderate. If the judge is empowered to set the contents (meaning) of the text that is interpreted, it is absolutely arbitrary – arbitrary, that is, without any connection with the semantics of the text, then voluntarism is evident in "hard" form. Example of rigid forms of realism may be the use of judicial discretion when the court and not the legislator is actually created a new rule of conduct. Key words: judicial interpretation, judicial enforcement, formalism, realism, styles judicial interpretation, voluntarism.
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Soehartono, Soehartono, Kukuh Tejomurti, Arsyad Aldyan, and Rachma Indriyani. "The Establishing Paradigm of Dominus Litis Principle in Indonesian Administrative Justice." Sriwijaya Law Review 5, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol5.iss1.877.pp42-55.
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This study aimed to analyse a shifting paradigm of Dominus Litis (judge activeness) in the Indonesian state administrative justice. This principle emphasises that judges expand the paradigm that judges are not limited to being used in processes regulated in law. However, judges need to actively develop the paradigm to make legal discoveries oriented towards substantive justice and expand the paradigm from merely resolving disputes positivistically to resolving conflicts with paradigms. Legal realism and sociological jurisprudence to create substantive justice. This paper uses the normative research method, with a statutory approach and case approach by analysing two decisions of state administrative court judges. The result showed that Dominus Litis in the dispute's accomplishment is not limited to the implementation of juridical-legal positivism factors, but on how judges use their mindset to provide ideal decisions and conduct legal reasoning use socio-legal and socio-cultural paradigms. The development of demands for justice has also experienced a paradigm shift of justice. It requires the principle of an active judge who always follows developments in public policy, such as the principle of sustainable development related to environmental and natural resource issues, and finding the legal material truth.