Journal articles on the topic 'Socio-material lens'
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Jansson, Noora, Nina Lunkka, Marjo Suhonen, Merja Meriläinen, and Heikki Wiik. "The emergence of sensemaking through socio-material practices." Journal of Organizational Change Management 33, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-10-2018-0280.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of how sensemaking occurs as a holistic, processual phenomenon during an organisational change. Design/methodology/approach A longitudinal, qualitative case study was conducted by analysing video-recorded meetings among the staff of two recently merged surgical departments in a university hospital. Sensemaking was approached through the lens of socio-material practices. Findings The analysis revealed that material-discursive practices produce sensemaking in various ways, creating a holistic process and a dynamic agency. Four sensemaking practices were identified through which personnel made sense of the development of ward inpatient rounding: facilitated meetings, a status board, video analysis and humour. Originality/value This paper identifies diverse sensemaking practices, each of which increases understanding of sensemaking as a holistic, processual phenomenon that emerges through socio-material practices. The paper also enhances practical understanding of how sense is made of a working practice, as well as how a working practice is developed and improved during an organisational change.
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Santos, Dan, and Ruth Lane. "A material lens on socio-technical transitions: The case of steel in Australian buildings." Geoforum 82 (June 2017): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.03.020.
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Bettany, Shona M., and Ben Kerrane. "The socio-materiality of parental style." European Journal of Marketing 50, no. 11 (November 14, 2016): 2041–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-07-2015-0437.
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Purpose This study aims to offer understanding of the parent – child relationship by examining, through a socio-material lens, how one aspect of the new child surveillance technology market, child GPS trackers (CGT), are rejected or adopted by families, highlighting implications for child welfare, privacy and children’s rights policy. Design/methodology/approach The authors gathered netnographic data from a range of online sources (parenting forums, online product reviews, discussion boards) that captured parental views towards the use of CGT and stories of the technology in use and theorize the data through application of a novel combination of neutralisation and affordance theory. Findings The research reveals how critics of CGT highlight the negative affordances of such product use (highlighting the negative agency of the technology). Parental adopters of CGT, in turn, attempt to rationalize their use of the technology as a mediator in the parent – child relation through utilisation of a range of neutralisation mechanisms which re-afford positive product agency. Implications for child welfare and policy are discussed in the light of those findings. Originality/value The paper presents an empirical, qualitative understanding of parents negotiating the emergence of a controversial new child-related technology – CGT – and its impact upon debates in the field of parenting and childhood; develops the theory of parental style towards parental affordances, using a socio-material theoretical lens to augment existing sociological approaches; and contributes to the debates surrounding child welfare, ethics, privacy and human rights in the context of child surveillance GPS technologies.
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Lyytinen, Kalle, Mike Newman, and Abdul-Rahman A. Al-Muharfi. "Institutionalizing Enterprise Resource Planning in the Saudi Steel Industry: A Punctuated Socio-Technical Analysis." Journal of Information Technology 24, no. 4 (December 2009): 286–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2009.14.
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In this article, we analyze institutionalization as a process of transferring and stabilizing material artifacts and routines in the form of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Although past studies have analyzed institutionalization as structuring around scripts or discourse moves, we emphasize the material role of artifacts and routines as carriers of institutional logics. In addition, insitutionalization is not linear and incremental, but goes through sudden, nonlinear disruptions. To this end, we apply punctuated socio-technical information system change (PSIC) model that draws upon Gersick's model of change to identify and trace moves that are critical during the institutionalization. The model accounts for ERP institutionalization by chronicling complex interactions between socio-technical elements in the implementation system, the work system, and organizational and environmental context which together account for the institutionalization outcome. We use the model to analyze a longitudinal case covering 11 years (1993–2004) of ERP implementation processes in a large Saudi steel firm. Our analysis shows that the proposed material and punctuated lens toward institutionalization offers rich insights how and why ERP systems become institutions and why their institutionalization is difficult and unfolds in unpredictable ways. We conclude that the normally held assumptions of successful linear and incremental adaptation to new institutional patterns logics out by ERP systems do not hold.
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Kontogiannis, Nikos D., and Stefania S. Skartsis. "Reading social change on a potter's wheel: Chalcis (Euboea) from the Byzantine to the Modern Greek era." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 45, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/byz.2021.12.
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In this article, the socio-economic and cultural identity of Chalcis is traced through, and combined with, the story of its material culture and, in particular, of its impressive pottery production and consumption. Through this lens, the historical conditions and daily life over more than ten centuries (from the ninth to the early twentieth century) of this relatively unknown provincial town are closely examined. This makes it possible to detect one field in which local communities reacted to, adjusted to, took advantage of, survived or sometimes succumbed to the wider turmoil of the Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek eras.
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Frommen, Theresa, and Timothy Moss. "Pasts and Presents of Urban Socio-Hydrogeology: Groundwater Levels in Berlin, 1870–2020." Water 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162261.
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Although it is self-evident that today’s groundwater issues have a history that frames both problems and responses, these histories have received scant attention in the socio-hydrogeological literature to date. This paper aims to enrich the field of socio-hydrogeology with a novel, historical perspective on groundwater management whilst simultaneously demonstrating the value to water history of engaging with groundwater. This is achieved by applying hydrogeological, socio-hydrogeological, and historical methods in an interdisciplinary and collaborative research process while analysing a case study of urban groundwater management over a 150-year period. In the German capital Berlin, local aquifers have always been central to its water supply and, being close to the surface, have made for intricate interactions between urban development and groundwater levels. The paper describes oscillations in groundwater levels across Berlin’s turbulent history and the meanings attached to them. It demonstrates the value to socio-hydrogeology of viewing the history of groundwater through a socio-material lens and to urban history of paying greater attention to subsurface water resources. The invisibility and inscrutability associated with groundwater should not discourage attention, but rather incite curiosity into this underexplored realm of the subterranean city, inspiring scholars and practitioners well beyond the confines of hydrogeology.
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Wesener, Andreas, Runrid Fox-Kämper, Martin Sondermann, and Daniel Münderlein. "Placemaking in Action: Factors That Support or Obstruct the Development of Urban Community Gardens." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020657.
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The paper examines factors that support or obstruct the development of urban community garden projects. It combines a systematic scholarly literature review with empirical research from case studies located in New Zealand and Germany. The findings are discussed against the backdrop of placemaking processes: urban community gardens are valuable platforms to observe space-to-place transformations. Following a social-constructionist approach, literature-informed enablers and barriers for the development of urban community gardens are analysed against perceived notions informed by local interviewees with regard to their biophysical and technical, socio-cultural and economic, and political and administrative dimensions. These dimensions are incorporated into a systematic and comprehensive category system. This approach helps observe how the essential biophysical-material base of the projects is overlaid with socio-cultural factors and shaped by governmental or administrative regulations. Perceptual differences become evident and are discussed through the lens of different actors.
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Peck, Sarah. "Re-orienting the Diaspora–Development Nexus." Diaspora Studies 15, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/09763457-20220127.
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Abstract Since the 1990s diasporic communities have increasingly been recognized as agents of development, with states, citizens, and the global development community keen to harness their knowledge, skills, and economic capital. Approaches to the ‘diaspora option’ tend to be rooted in the discourses, practices, and products of neoliberal globalization. Yet the most recent decade of the 21st century has witnessed a backlash against this cosmopolitanism. This paper pushes for a re-orientation of the diaspora-development nexus that looks to respond to the contemporary realities of (and the backlash against) neoliberal globalization: (re)bordering, European and North American ethnonationalism, nativist politics, and anti-migrant discourses. Thinking through a post-diasporic lens foregrounds the interconnected geographies, the complex temporalities, and the (racialized) inequalities within the diaspora–development nexus. The paper concludes that through a post-diasporic lens the diaspora–development nexus can be centred on everyday social, cultural, material, and political circumstances and experiences and feelings of belonging through multiple locales, re-orienting the nexus to advance the everyday socio-economic, cultural, and political liberation of diasporic communities.
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Araujo, Luis, and Katy Mason. "Markets, infrastructures and infrastructuring markets." AMS Review 11, no. 3-4 (November 17, 2021): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13162-021-00212-0.
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AbstractDespite a growing understanding of market infrastructures—the rules and socio-material arrangements that enable agreements on the properties of goods, and the calculation of value, equivalence and exchange—we know little of what lies beneath the arrangements that underpin and are implicated in exchange. The socio-material lens has done much to explain how specific assemblages circulate information and goods, but has done little to explain how different infrastructures configure relations between dispersed market practices. Using the history of the development of the market for market research we show how knowledge-based infrastructures constitute markets as knowledge objects: new expertise emerged through alliances between academia, government, and private actors form a new occupation embodied in specialist agencies that set themselves up in an infrastructural relation to marketing practices. Our conceptualization of markets as knowledge objects extends extant understandings of markets by showing how: (1) extant knowledge-based infrastructures are drawn on to construct new markets; (2) infrastructural relations emerge between different markets to constitute multiple systems of provision and demand, leading to an increasingly valuable knowledge infrastructure; and (3) organized practices in one market are often heavily reliant on connections to other markets, including knowledge-based infrastructures such as market research services.
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Dutta, Uttaran, and Mohan Jyoti Dutta. "Songs of the Bauls: Voices from the Margins as Transformative Infrastructures." Religions 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10050335.
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Bauls, the rural minstrels who sing songs of transformation, are a socio-economically and politico-religiously marginalized cultural population from rural Bengal (both from eastern and north-eastern, India and from Bangladesh). They identify themselves outside of any organized religion or established caste system in India, and therefore are constituted at the margins of contemporary global South. Voicing through their songs and narratives of emancipation, they interrogate and criticize material and symbolic inequalities and injustices such as discrimination and intolerance (including class and caste hierarchies, and other forms of disparities) perpetuated by hegemonic authorities and religious institutions. Embracing a critical communication lens, this paper pays attention to material and discursive marginalization of Bauls and Fakirs, foregrounding voice as an anchor to communicative interrogation of structural and cultural inequalities. Through voice, Bauls and Fakirs foreground reflexive spiritual and humane practices that raise societal consciousness and cultivate polymorphic possibilities.
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Bazhanov, Valentin A. "Political Ideologies through the Lens of Modern Neuroscience." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 59, no. 1 (2022): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202259110.
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The article presents the standpoint that naturalistic tendencies in modern science, which are especially expressed in neuroscience, push up social knowledge toward the need to revise its attitudes and norms, which consist in consistent sociocentrism and biophobia, and, hence, a simplified understanding of the phenomenon of “genetic reductionism”. We show that the application of the methods of natural science to social disciplines often marked visible progress and even conceptual breakthroughs in their development. Achievements of modern neuroscience affect a traditional area of social and humanitarian knowledge as political science, which leads to the formation of an independent area of research – political neuroscience. Through the optics of this research, cognitive styles characteristic of individuals and social groups with different value orientations imply the dominance of certain ideological sympathies and antipathies, which attributed to the opposite poles of the ideological scale – liberalism and conservatism. Considerable empirical material allows us to conclude that these ideological positions are exist due to differences in their ontogenetic “foundations”, which allows us to develop I. Kant's ideas about a priorism and transcendentalism in the context of the Kantian research program in contemporary neuroscience. The result of the implementation of this program to the political sphere was the discovery of the genesis of political views, and the demonstration of the peculiarities of their dynamics. They are based on the difference in the activity of certain neural sets, which in their turn are influenced by culture and society, forming an integral system “brain – culture – society”, where each component of which affects other components. Features and changes in the socio-cultural context of the development of an individual or a group of people may have an effect upon the architectonics of the brain and shift, due to its plasticity, of the political views along the scale of ideologies “liberalism – conservatism”. At the same time, carriers of different cognitive styles and, therefore, with a sufficient degree of probability of ideological views, percept the world in which they live in differently, and evaluate its past and possible future in diverse ways.
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Charalambous, Nadia. "Spatial Forms of Ethnic Coexistence in Ottoman Cyprus: The Role of Urban Form in Patterns of Everyday Life." Journal of Urban History 46, no. 3 (December 25, 2018): 579–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144218816652.
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The rationale behind this article is an identified need for enhancing research on the relationship between the physical and the social aspects of the city of Nicosia through the lens of spatial history. Building on Baker’s categorizations of approaches to space in historical research and a syntactical, morphological approach to historical subjects, this article proposes an integrated methodology for researching historical space that may prove important to inform forms of urban segregation patterns. The article maintains that the analysis of the relationship between the physical, material form of a city and social processes at distinct historical periods may be key to understanding patterns of socio-spatial phenomena as well as for interpreting historical data of how people were distributed in cities and what they actually did in urban spaces at particular points in time.
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Osmond, Pamela. "What happened to our community of practice? The early development of Adult Basic Education in NSW through the lens of professional practice theory." Literacy and Numeracy Studies 24, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/lns.v24i2.4821.
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The field of adult basic education had its genesis as a named field of education in the English speaking world in the mid-1970s, based firmly on an underpinning philosophy of humanistic education and a socio-cultural view of literacy. Subsequent decades of its development have involved recurrent and destabilising periods of change with a major and overriding theme being the move away from the humanist philosophy, towards an economically driven, human capital view of literacy, which mirrors the story of a number of other social programs in their trajectory towards the ‘new capitalism’. This paper considers the first fifteen years, or genesis, of the field of adult basic education in the state of New South Wales in Australia through official documents and archival material and through the stories from practice told by the teachers. Analysis of these stories using a theory of professional practice knowledge demonstrates the ways in which the early field of professional practice emerged as a product of its particular socio-political climate, and demonstrates also the strong convergence between the public discourses and the professional discourses surrounding the field in this period; a convergence which was progressively weakened in subsequent decades.
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van de Kamp, Linda. "Housing, Personhood and Affect in Gentrifying Garden Villages of Amsterdam." Space and Culture 24, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331221997697.
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This article offers insight into how housing, renovation, and gentrification are more than matters of upgrading material dwellings and neighborhoods, but they substantially engage residents’ very notions of who they are and how they are perceived. Using the lens of valuation, gentrification is presented as much more than an exclusionary market relationship but as a process that shows how human perspectives on selves emerge and transform along with housing discourse and relations and informs feelings of socio-spatial (in)justice. The case is the ongoing transformation of the working-class garden villages in postindustrial Amsterdam North, an area that has become subject to active urban redevelopment since the 2000s. The material upgrading of the industrial spaces and social housing makes tangible the long-term active residents’ historically sensorial relations with the built environment, around which their sense of self was shaped. Long-term residents and their children increasingly demand that the ongoing spatial improvement of the area does justice to the deeply embodied history of social emancipation in the garden villages.
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Tuhri, Mufdil. "Religious Violence Through Lens of Cavanaugh’s Theory: The Case of Burning Vihara in Tanjungbalai." Intizar 26, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/intizar.v26i1.5787.
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The incident of burning houses of Buddhist worship and destruction of ethnic Chinese dwellings in Tanjungbalai occurred on 29-30 July 2016. Local communities, regional leaders, security forces and some religious leaders considered this incident to be motivated by religious issues and ignored several other factors such as ethnicity, social political economy and so on, while many observers-academic, researchers, policy-makers, journalists, NGO workers, political commentatirs, among others- argues that religious violence analysis really motivated by material-based political interests, socio-economic reason, and others factor of secular ones and dismissed the religious framing of the violence. This research is based on Cavanaugh's theory that there is no purely religious or other ideological factor that is seen as dominant for the occurrence of violence. This article argues that religion plays a role in conflict dynamics in Tanjungbalai as an instrumental reason, but at the same time, attacks on Buddhist temples in Tanjungbalai are complex issues that do not purport to reveal the true state of affairs. What is apparent in riot in Tanjungbalai is competition from religion and secular factor including competition over public space, socioeconomic status, religious zoning are suggested as reasons why violent tension may exist in Tanjungbalai.
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Ousmane, Traore, Bagayoko Ousmane Lansenou, Kouma Alassane, Guindo Ilias, Diarra Oumcoumba, Diallo Mahamadou, Sidibe Siaka, and Keita Adama Diaman. "CONTRIBUTION OF MODE B ULTRASOUND IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CATARACTS IN BAMAKO." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 07 (July 31, 2022): 1123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15139.
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Introduction: Cataract is a frequent ocular pathology in the world. The aim of our work was to study the contribution of mode B ultrasound in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cataracts in the radiology department of the medical clinic Marie Curie in Bamako. Material and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study carried out in the medical imaging department over a period of 2 years. Ocular examinations were performed exclusively with a B-mode ultrasound scanner by senior radiologists. All patients who performed an ocular ultrasound for the notion of cataract were included in the study. Socio-epidemiological data, clinical information and ultrasoundresultswereanalyzed. Results: We identified 75 cases of ocular ultrasound for cataract, i.e. 73.52% of the total ocular ultrasound performed (102 cases). The median age was 49.25 years with a male predominance in 68% of cases.The state of the posterior segment and the preoperative assessment for cataract represented the most frequent indication, respectively 40% and 29.33%. Ultrasound was pathological in 68% of cases. The most common pathology was clouding of the lens (cataract) in (36% of cases). The other pathologies found on ultrasoundwereretinaldetachment (17.33%) and intraocularhemorrhage (12%) and lens dislocation (2.67%). Conclusion: Ocular ultrasound is accessible in Bamako has allowed the study of the posterior segment of the eye in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cataracts.
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Angus, Siobhan. "Atomic Ecology." October, no. 179 (2022): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00450.
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Abstract Susanne Kriemann's Pechblende explores the material histories and visual (im)possibilities of uranium. Through a focus on the materiality of uranium, the article explores how the medium of photography is entangled with atomic histories by focusing on a series of exhibitions that explore the histories of photography, mining, and the damage slowly wrought by environmental change. While the violence of uranium exposure eludes vision, atomic light materially challenges the boundaries of the visible and the invisible, most tangibly shown in X-rays and autoradiographs, the camera-less exposures “taken” by uranium. Reading Kriemann's work through an eco-critical lens that centers environmental justice and labor, I explore the role of photography and the archive in the Anthropocene. Kriemann's counter-archival photographic practice draws attention to the socio-ecological costs of resource extraction while probing the limits of the visible. The materiality of the climate crisis necessitates thinking about materials—and the tangible consequences of their use—alongside questions of representation.
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Hauer, Janine, Jonas Østergaard Nielsen, and Jörg Niewöhner. "Landscapes of hoping – urban expansion and emerging futures in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso." Anthropological Theory 18, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499617747176.
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Hope is much discussed as a future-oriented affect emerging from uncertain living conditions. While this conceptualisation illuminates the role that hope plays in shaping life trajectories, hope itself remains largely unaddressed. In this paper, we approach hope ethnographically as practice through the lens of material-semiotics. We draw on fieldwork in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, where hoping turns out to be co-constitutive of peri-urban life and landscape. We challenge person-centred understandings of hope in order to bring materiality back in two ways: first, hoping in its various modes and forms is always situated in particular settings, thus, its enactment has to be reflected; and second, hoping “takes place”, it is co-constitutive of the transformation of urban life. Additionally, we consider the temporality of hoping and highlight how hoping persists through urban space. We conclude that a more profound and thoroughly materialised understanding of hoping’s generative and stabilising potential may strengthen the role of anthropology in current research on socio-ecological transformations.
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Konnov, Arsenii, Yana Khmelnitskaya, Maria Dugina, Tatiana Borzenko, and Maria S. Tysiachniouk. "Traditional Livelihood, Unstable Environment: Adaptation of Traditional Fishing and Reindeer Herding to Environmental Change in the Russian Arctic." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 12640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912640.
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The effects of climate change are much more pronounced in the Arctic region than in other places around the world. This paper highlights the practices of adaptation to climate change by Indigenous reindeer herders, e.g., Saami and Komi-Izhemtsy, and Pomor fishermen, in the Russian Arctic. Our major research question is: How does the interplay of social and environmental factors determine traditional reindeer herding and fishing in the Russian North in the context of climate change, including seasonal changes? A qualitative methodology was used in both reindeer herding and fishing communities using the same interview guide. As an analytical lens, we chose resilience theory combined with the actor–network theory. Resilience theory allows us to situate the adaptive capacity of reindeer herders and fisherman within a constantly changing context. The actor–network theory offers a non-human-centered framework which allows the reconstruction of the networks that emerge in the context of adaptation and link humans, material objects, and the living environment. We found that the traditional economic activity of reindeer herders and fishermen is significantly affected by socio-economic and environmental factors. Both reindeer herders and fishermen manage to adapt to the changing environment using local knowledge and different kinds of technical tools. However, socio-economic conditions and accelerating climate change put the resilience of Indigenous communities at risk.
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Sasala, An. "Panic! Humanity's Cis-Heteronormative Fear of the Transgender Android." Somatechnics 8, no. 1 (March 2018): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2018.0237.
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Androids occupy a position of fascination within US pop culture and science fiction television, yet they rarely acknowledge their own experiences of gender. Reading Wendy the entertainment android from Syfy Channel's Dark Matter (2015–2017) as trans*, this article analyzes the material, cultural, and imagined bodies of the android through an intersectional lens of gender, sex, and race. At times, the article slips between different versions of the transgender android, wading through their cinematic representation, theoretical conceptualization, socio-cultural construction, and material reality, striving always to relate these overlapping categories to the android's trans* and technological body. First, the article delves into gender, race, and David Huebert's ‘species panic’, arguing that the triply othered transgender android would inspire a triple panic with direct ramifications for trans* bodies, especially trans women of color. The article then addresses the role of the multilayered cinematic, scientific, raced, cis-heteronormative gaze in the biopolitical ordering of life. Using Susan Stryker's theorization of passing and micha cárdenas's practice of the shift, the article then views sexual encounters as creating both the potential for and then panic of transgender otherness. This potential and potentially real panic then directly impacts the bodies of trans women of color and transgender androids through a reliance on sex work narratives and the commodification of sex.
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Bates, Jo, Paula Goodale, Yuwei Lin, and Penny Andrews. "Assembling an infrastructure for historic climate data recovery: data friction in practice." Journal of Documentation 75, no. 4 (July 8, 2019): 791–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-08-2018-0130.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to adopt an assemblage theory lens to examine the socio-material forces shaping the development of an infrastructure for the recovery of archived historical marine weather records for use in contemporary climate data sets. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted a data journeys approach to research design, conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with climate scientists, citizen scientists and a climate historian who were engaged at key sites across the journey of data from historical record to the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set database. Interview data were complemented by further qualitative data collected via observations of working practices, a digital ethnography of citizen scientists’ online forums, and documentation relevant to the circulation and governance of climate data across emergent data infrastructures. Data were thematically analysed (Ryan and Bernard, 2003), with themes being informed primarily by the theoretical framework. Findings The authors identify and critically examine key points of friction in the constitution of the data recovery infrastructure and the circulation of data through it, and identify the reflexive and adaptive nature of the beliefs and practices fostered by influential actors within the assemblage in order to progress efforts to build an infrastructure despite significant challenges. The authors conclude by addressing possible limitations of some of these adaptive practices within the context of the early twenty-first century neoliberal state, and in light of current debates about data justice. Originality/value The paper draws upon original empirical data and a novel theoretical framework that draws together Deleuze and Guattari’s assemblage theory with key concepts from the field of critical data studies (data journeys, data friction and data assemblage) to illuminate the socio-material constitution of the data recovery infrastructure within the context of the early twenty-first century neoliberal state.
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Muñoz Martínez, Ysabel. "Gardening in Polluted Tropics: The Materiality of Waste and Toxicity in Olive Senior’s Caribbean Poetry." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 21, no. 2 (October 7, 2022): 162–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.21.2.2022.3907.
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While toxic substances continue increasingly, and unevenly, infiltrating the world, the new materialist turn invites us to examine the relationalities emerging between pollution and literature. This essay examines how Olive Senior’s poetry collection Gardening in the Tropics portrays the imposition of waste and toxicity on Caribbean islands and the counter-narratives to toxic politics that emerge from non-hegemonic perspectives. The paper utilizes methodological contributions from the fields of waste studies, postcolonial and material ecocriticism, and addresses the need for more scholarship centering toxicity in cultural studies, especially through the lens of tropical materialisms. Moreover, the research engages with theorizations surrounding the concept of the Wasteocene as a novel interpretative framework. The main findings reveal that the poems “My Father’s Blue Plantation”, “The Immovable Tenant” and “Advice and Devices” identify how extensive pollution is enabled and perpetuated by colonial systems. The poems illustrate the environmental and socio-political tensions prompted by toxicity, its deleterious effects in organisms and landscapes, and embody how guerrilla narratives can confront widespread toxicity.
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Collins, Andrea M. "Old habits die hard: The need for feminist rethinking in global food and agricultural policies." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 5, no. 1 (February 16, 2018): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v5i1.228.
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A number of global initiatives designed in recent years address global food security and aim to reduce the vulnerability of small-scale and peasant farmers in the face of expanded transnational investment in large-scale agriculture and land acquisition. While there have been efforts to consider women within such initiatives, global governance institutions often overlook the complex gendered dimensions of food systems alongside agricultural land and labour markets. Although institutions emphasize the need for “women’s empowerment”, few policy recommendations have considered its practical application. Indeed, many governance initiatives that address food security or promote land security tend to depoliticize inequalities, which shows the importance of feminist food studies from the perspective of global food and land policy. Integrating a feminist food studies lens to the global governance of food and agriculture allows us to explore the complexities of gendered relations in agricultural practices. A more complete understanding of everyday material, socio-cultural and corporeal experiences within agricultural practices provides a greater understanding of the mechanisms by which gender relations structure food production, land ownership, resource access and governance processes. By using a feminist food studies lens we see a more complete picture of the realities of local resource management and the potential implications for global policymakers such as the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Committee for World Food Security (CFS). Through this framework, I illustrate how feminist analyses challenge conventional approaches to gender in global policymaking related to food and agricultural production.
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Rosenbæk, Karl Emil. "Olie som misfittende relation: En nymaterialistisk analyse af det sorte gulds klæbrige karaktertræk i Inferno (2014)." Kvinder, Køn & Forskning, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kkf.v27i1.109680.
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Oil as a misfitting relation. A new-material analysis of the black gold’s sticky character in Inferno (2014)The article examines Ida Marie Hede’s novel Inferno (2014) through the lens of new materialism’s theoretical interest in matter and materiality. By focussing on the actions of oil in the novel the article shows how seemingly ‘dead’ and finite non-human objects express liveliness. Oil influences, affects, creates, and disrupts, in a word acts, on its surroundings. And due to the global-political relations oil is entangled in, oil seems particularly inclined to produce a certain effect – a disabling misfit between ecosystems. Therefore, although the article pivots around Inferno, it also tries to connect this idea of non-humane liveliness to the socio-political reality of climate change. Perhaps the realisation of a global “planetan misfit” is a necessary first step towards an ontological reconceptualization: A move from substances to relations as the ontological base. Philosopher Rosi Braidotti proposes the term process-ontology. This article uses that concept as a guiding principle when it reads Inferno. What does oil do and what is done to oil – in and outside the novel?
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Idrobo, Carlos. "Sensing Boundaries on Foot." Ennen ja nyt: Historian tietosanomat 21, no. 3 (June 17, 2021): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37449/ennenjanyt.109311.
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This article examines the material and socio-cultural mechanisms by which everyday urban and rural walking is controlled, regulated, limited, or affected, as seen through the lens of nineteenth century visual arts with support of literary and historical accounts. Inspired by the interdisciplinary research on walking, I discuss three cases of different cultural and historical backgrounds and examine therein the instances in which the experience of walking cannot fully take place, or its movements are shaped or controlled by real or imaginary forces, either external or internal, or even by other modes of transportation: 1) C. G. Carus’ socially constrained travelling in Italy in 1828, leading up to his painting Erinnerung an Neapel, 2) the history of the Pont Neuf and the use and regulation of Paris footways through lithographs and ‘impressionist’ paintings in the Third Republic, and 3) the motif of the ‘riukuaita’ (round-pole fence) in lithographs, landscape paintings and photographs during the Golden Age of Finnish Art. Thus, art objects are considered as both artworks and historical documents that illuminate the imaginary and actuality of historical events related to migration, bordering processes, and control of mobility.
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Bigon, Liora, and Edna Langenthal. "Tracing Trade and Settlement Infrastructures in the Judaic Material Culture of Tafilalt, Southeastern Morocco." Heritage 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 3785–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5040196.
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This article traces the history of the medieval oasis city of Sijilmassa, southeastern Morocco, and that of its modern, continuation city of metropolitan Rissani in the Tafilalt region. Elements of mobility and transition are discussed in light of the prominent historical role of the urban settlement in Tafilalt in long-distance trans-Saharan trade infrastructure. These elements are developed with a focus on the region’s Jewish communities, their socio-spatial characteristics, the employed toponymy with respect to Sijilmassa, and the material culture. Within the material culture of Tafilalt’s Jewry until the 1950s and 1960s (that is, upon their dramatic emigration from Morocco, mostly to Israel), the article analyzes in an original manner their traditional marriage contracts (ketubah-s) as a textual and especially as an esthetic artifact. The analysis interprets the visual imagery that appears in these manuscripts—an imagery that corresponds with global Jewish symbols, with the vernacular architecture in the Tafilalt, and with wider regional, trans-Saharan conceptual motifs. Revealing the composite symbolic imagery and decoding the visual repertoire of the ketubah-s against the rich cultural histories of the pre-Sahara region—with affinity to both northern Morocco and sub-Saharan, “black”, Africa—necessitates an interdisciplinary approach. This study brings together area studies (of the Middle East and Africa), art histories (of architecture and built forms, artifacts, and manuscripts), cultural studies (critical intra-group relations between Arabs, Berbers and Jews), and human geography (forms of settlements and long-distance trade activity)—in a type of meeting that is quite uncommon in the relevant research literature. Its contribution lies in tracing the dissemination of ideas and material cultures among less researched groups (southeastern Jewry) and regions (pre-Saharan) in Morocco, through engaging a transdisciplinary lens that requires an intimate acquaintance with associated research historiographies.
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Delitz, Heike. "Architectural Modes of Collective Existence: Architectural Sociology as a Comparative Social Theory." Cultural Sociology 12, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975517718435.
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This article proposes a cross-cultural, comparative architectural sociology as a means of sociological analysis. It also emphasizes the social positivity of architecture. After a short overview of architectural sociology and its history, the article outlines a sociological theory which sees architecture and related practices as a constitutive ‘mode of collective existence’. The article argues that architecture (in a broad sense) is not a mere ‘reflection’ or ‘mirror’ of society, but rather a constitutive and transformative medium of the imaginary institution of society (Castoriadis), its assemblages (Deleuze), as well as its subjects (Foucault). In other words, it claims that architecture is a material and symbolic ‘mode’ through which societies and individuals are constituted and transformed. As architecture is a cultural technique, which is primarily enacted in relation to bodies, perceptions and affects (rather than in a discursive, reflective way), the social effects of architecture can best be understood and analysed through a comparative lens. Finally, therefore, the article unfolds a tableau of diverse architectural modes of collective existence, thus providing an overview of different socio-architectural constellations. Such a comparative and synchronical view of different societies allows for a sociology of architecture which analyses architectural transformations – both historical and contemporary.
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Shatkin, Maxim A. "The agency of digital platforms: A value-based approach." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 22, no. 3 (September 22, 2022): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-3-293-297.
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Introduction. A lack of current approaches to the study of digital platforms is ignoring the internal logic of their functioning, which determines their social agency, as well as the value foundations of this agency. The aim of this work is a socio-philosophical analysis of the agency of digital platforms through the lens of the value approach. Theoretical analysis. Specificity of social reality of platforms is their dependence on the generation of content by users, so the main value for platforms is users’ productivity, and the content of platforms’ agency is keeping users in the role of content producers. To realize this value, platforms’ agency is manifested in a narrativization strategy that focuses on keeping users as “storytellers” as stories are the most successfully consumed content, with short-term storytelling and live-action mechanisms providing additional value to content. In the long term, this strategy transforms the notion of sociality, which comes down to narrative productivity, with the ultimate goal of generating material for artificial intelligence training, the goal of which could be to create a metanarrative that reveals the value of each individual user’s productivity. Conclusion. Today, the agency of platforms is manifested in understanding sociality as narrative productivity, which provides, firstly, the maintenance of the business model of platforms and, secondly, the creation of sufficient data for learning promising artificial intelligence systems.
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McKay, Micah. "“Pasto sin fin del basurero”: Trash and Disposal in the Poetry of José Emilio Pacheco." Latin American Literary Review 47, no. 93 (May 5, 2020): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26824/lalr.137.
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Within the vast body of poetry written by José Emilio Pacheco (Mexico, 1939-2014), there is a clear and profound engagement with environmental themes, such as the lives and experiences of non-human animals and the effects of pollution on natural environments. In this essay, I examine a series of Pacheco’s poems that reflect on the production of trash and the act of disposal. Through his consideration of the waste that humans produce, Pacheco manages to draw our attention to the centrality of garbage as a socio-material element that mediates relationships between humans and the more-than-human environment. By reading Pacheco’s poetry through the lens of waste and disposal, I argue that the trash is his work throws in relief three central concerns of contemporary ecological thought: 1) the difficulty of squaring Western, anthropocentric notions of time with planetary timescales; 2) the uneven exposure of certain bodies to varying levels of toxicity; and 3) the vulnerability of humans in the face of ecological crisis. In this sense, I contend that Pacheco’s poetry constitutes a significant aesthetic contribution to our attempts to think through notions like the Anthropocene, which, in essence, elevates the waste produced by (certain) humans to the status of epoch-defining actor. In short, Pacheco’s poetry helps us channel our energy toward dealing with a world full of trash.
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Kovalska, Lesia, Lyubov Chorna, and Galina Shchuka. "TOURISM IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK CITY." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 53 (2019): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.53.45-53.
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Aim: to analyze the basic documents that determine the strategic vision and implementation of the mission of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk, the volume of services provided, the impact of tourism on the economic development of the city through the number of subjects of tourism, tourists, the amount of payments to the city budget. Describe the main components that determine the current state of tourism development, in particular: hotel and restaurant facilities, staffing and information support. Methodology – the study of the impact of tourism on the socio-economic development of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk is based on a combination of methods of sectoral and territorial analysis. In particular, a systematic approach was used for the study using the methods of comparison, statistical, analytical, etc. This methodology involves analyzing the volume of tourist services provided, the purpose of arrival and the number of visitors based on statistics and reports from individual institutions and businesses. Results – the article analyzes the state of tourism enterprises, the situation on the market of services, indicators of tourist collection in the city budget, the number and geography of tours sold by tour operators and travel agents. Emphasis is placed on comparison of reports of establishments that took participants of mass events with city statistics, outlines the real situation regarding the number of participants in business tourism and sports tourism. The analysis of quantitative changes in indicators of hotel and restaurant establishments has been carried out and their dynamics has been presented in the context of the last two years. Attention is drawn to the information security of the tourist industry of the city. Scientific novelty – for the first time, the impact of tourism on the socio-economic development of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk through the lens of tourist meetings, the development of hotel and restaurant establishments has been analyzed on the basis of sectoral and territorial analysis. The results of the study may underlie the writing of coursework, diploma papers, preparation of lecture-practical material, monitoring of the domestic tourist market. Practical importance. Publication materials, conclusions can be used and used during the educational process, providing training for the national tourism industry, practical activity of tourist enterprises, for the promotion of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk in foreign and domestic tourist markets.
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Tyshscenko, Oleh, Maria Malaniuk, and Iryna Popko. "THE RITUAL TERMINOLOGY OF MARRIAGE: TRANSLATION EQUIVALENTS, SEMANTIC DYNAMICS AND VALUE CONCEPTS." Studia Linguistica, no. 15 (2019): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2019.15.261-276.
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The article presents the semantic and pragmatic analysis of ethno-cultural parallels related to conceptosphere WEDDING and MARRIAGE on the base of searching cross-language equivalents and analogues to transmit a specific ethno-cultural content, ways of transformations and related value concepts’ translation, sequential structural-semantic modeling through the lens of a joint or an inner form; synonymous variants of paroemias are being determined in a comparative perspective. The material for the analysis was the dictionaries of proverbs, dictionaries of dialects, bilingual phraseological dictionaries of the analyzed languages, and ethnographic descriptions of the marriage ceremony, dictionaries of beliefs and symbols. Common evaluative component of reality conceptualization studied in the context of paroemia and image categorization, demonstrates different gender and socio-cultural markedness in the sustainable expressions, proverbs and sayings, in Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak, French and English languages. Special attention is given to the mental-semiotic correlates of key ritual terms and related symbols and concepts, phraseological relations, sustainable comparisons that are presented in the magic marriage and beliefs. The household contexts and stereotypes, norms of behavior associated with the relationship between man and woman before and after marriage, mentioned in the universal categories of good and evil, happiness and misery, successes, failures, old-young and other nominatively characterized principles of imaginative and accolade nomination are also being analysed. In some cases, the processes of semantic dynamics and transformation of marriage and ritual realities and symbols in paroemina contexts are studied, alongside with the specifics of the emergence of nomens with secondary evaluative function. The latter reflects different facts, a kind of reality of a particular culture (material or spiritual), known as nonequivalent vocabulary and phraseology with the national-cultural component of the semantics.
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Krysa, Isabella, Kien T. Le, Jean Helms Mills, and Albert J. Mills. "Capturing postcoloniality in action." critical perspectives on international business 12, no. 3 (July 4, 2016): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-05-2015-0025.
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Purpose Drawing on a series of RAND interviews with Vietnamese prisoners during the Vietnam War, the paper aims to analyze the role of colonizer–colonized in the production of postcolonial representations (postcoloniality) and the role of the Western corporation in the processes of postcoloniality. Design/methodology/approach Selected RAND interviews are analyzed using a postcolonial lens and explored through the method of critical hermeneutics. Findings The analysis supports the contention that Western othering of Third World people is neither completely successful nor one-sided. It is argued that while the Western corporation is an important site for understanding hybridity and postcoloniality, analysis needs to go beyond focusing on the symbolic and the textual to take account of the material conditions in which interactions between colonizer–colonized occur. Finally, there is support for further study of the socio-political character of methods of research in the study of international business. Research limitations/implications The case suggests further study of colonizer–colonized interactions outside of the context of an on-going war, which may have heightened some forms of resistance and voice. Social implications The paper draws attention to the continuing problem of Western othering of formerly colonized people through military and commercial engagements that are framed by neo-colonial viewpoints embedded in theories of globalization and research methods. Originality/value The paper provides rare glimpses into interactions between colonizing and colonized people, and also the under-research study of the role of the Western corporation in the production of postcoloniality.
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Mielly, Michelle, and Amanda Peticca-Harris. "Local worker perspectives from Nicaraguan surf tourism: revisiting career anchors in non-standard work contexts." Career Development International 27, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-10-2021-0253.
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PurposeThis qualitative study explores, through the lens of Schein's (1978) career anchor theory, the internal career perceptions (self-perceived values, challenges and capabilities) of local surf workers in the highly internationalized sector of surf tourism in Nicaragua.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were carried out with 22 local surf tourism workers. Participant experiences were analyzed using thematic analysis to distinguish their career anchor orientations.FindingsThe results indicate the sustained value and instrumentality of Schein's original career anchor theory, specifically in terms of the interconnectedness of dominant and supporting anchors and the relevance of anchor groupings for workers in non-standard working environments. The anchors of lifestyle, entrepreneurial creativity, and security and stability were closely interrelated and complementary, as participants from this context were ultimately striving for security and stability.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should consider more explicitly the role of the socio-political, environmental or economic context in shaping the internal career self-concepts and experiences of workers.Practical implicationsThis study sheds light on the internal career drivers — the unique dilemmas, challenges, passions and motives — of local workers in a resource-constrained environment. Managers, business owners and other economic actors stand to gain important insights into the realities of workers they employ, but do not intimately understand. Such insights could be generalizable to a variety of work settings in which there are high material, social or cultural constraints.Social implicationsNon-standard work contexts and local worker voices are both thematically underrepresented in the careers scholarship. Research on these topics can contribute to broader discussions of sustainability, sustainable development goals and decolonial perspectives in social science scholarship. Bringing local workers from the Global South into view means turning scholarly attention towards less-visible “others” working alongside those having received the lion's share of academic discussion, i.e. expatriate workers on a global assignment or self-initiated expatriates, most often from the Global North.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to explore the career anchors of local workers in the Global South in a non-standard, non-bureaucratic vocational setting. The study sheds light on local workers' career decisions, an often-neglected perspective within international human resource management.
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Bhargava, S., and J. Arakkal. "Regional Public Relations after COVID-19: A new frontier of growth in India’s Public Relations landscape." CARDIOMETRY, no. 23 (August 20, 2022): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.23.381391.
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India - a land of vast cultural & linguistic diversity, where ‘word of mouth’ plays a crucial role in building brands. Public Relations have strongly emerged as an indispensable function for protecting and enhancing reputation. With 70% population of the nation living within the rural or semi-urban geographies, and nearly 34% of the same, annually migrating to urban cities in search of a better livelihood and employment, the role of regional Public Relations becomes more intrinsic to “Integrated Communications and Marketing strategies” for brands. The research paper attempts to understand the following: a) Evolution of consumer consumption and engagement through the lens of regional Public Relations in India b) Introduction of the concept of G-LO-RI: Global – Local-Regional c) Challenges faced by professionals/ agencies The research aims to emphasize the need and importance of regional Public Relations. With the help of in-depth interviews and secondary data, the research will deduce the opportunities and scope to grow in this unorganized and untapped regional territories pan India. The research paper has considered variables - demographic factors, purchasing power, access and dissemination of information and news, effects of social channels and influencers, regional content consumption patterns, and urbanization. The qualitative study of these factors aims to share an outlook and future of regional Public Relations in India. As per existing information available at the time of drafting this research paper, there was no such material or reporting evidence in the context of the role and relevance of regional Public Relations in India. This research paper aims to highlight the current ecosystem, gaps, and key findings and showcase the importance, growth, and challenges of regional Public Relations in India. Interpretations/Implications: This study found that the Regional Public Relations industry has grown multi-folds in the past two decades. There have been many contributing factors instrumental towards this growth size, scale, and reach. This study included a mix of national public relations agency professionals and regional Public Relations agency owners/ founders. They shared their journey and explained the concept, growth and evolution, agency revenue model, team size, opportunities, and challenges on the whole. The level of growth is varied region-wise, while Western, Northern, and Southern regions are hot spots of growth of regional Public Relations business, Eastern and North-East region remain a potential growth market. It was also observed that the affiliate model or the associate model of business is prevalent in the industry. The upcoming trends and practices were also discussed with the participants. The agencies have relied heavily on traditional media for a long time, but there is a gradual shift towards creating more digital content, which is data-driven. In due course of the study, it was evident that industry spending differed from one region to another. FMCG, followed by Automobile and Telecom, were the front runners in spends on regional Public Relations, Government and Education sectors have also caught up. The variation is observed due to the general demand and supply rule and socio-cultural factors, including language, customs, lifestyles & values, playing a crucial role.
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Bhargava, Suchitra, and Josraj Arakkal. "Regional Public Relations: A New Frontier of Growth in India’s Public Relations Landscape." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (September 16, 2021): 5340–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2565.
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India - a land of vast cultural & linguistic diversity, where ‘word of mouth’ plays a crucial role in building brands. Public Relations have strongly emerged as an indispensable function for protecting and enhancing reputation. With 70% population of the nation living within the rural or semi-urban geographies, and nearly 34% of the same, annually migrating to urban cities in search of a better livelihood and employment, the role of regional Public Relations becomes more intrinsic to "Integrated Communications and Marketing strategies” for brands. The research paper attempts to understand the following: a) Evolution of consumer consumption and engagement through the lens of regional Public Relations in India. b) Introduction of the concept of G-LO-RI: Global – Local-Regional. c) Challenges faced by professionals/ agencies. The research aims to emphasize the need and importance of regional Public Relations. With the help of in-depth interviews and secondary data, the research will deduce the opportunities and scope to grow in this unorganized and untapped regional territories pan India. The research paper has considered variables - demographic factors, purchasing power, access and dissemination of information and news, effects of social channels and influencers, regional content consumption patterns, and urbanization. The qualitative study of these factors aims to share an outlook and future of regional Public Relations in India. As per existing information available at the time of drafting this research paper, there was no such material or reporting evidence in the context of the role and relevance of regional Public Relations in India. This research paper aims to highlight the current ecosystem, gaps, and key findings and showcase the importance, growth, and challenges of regional Public Relations in India. Interpretations/Implications: This study found that the Regional Public Relations industry has grown multi-folds in the past two decades. There have been many contributing factors instrumental towards this growth size, scale, and reach. This study included a mix of national public relations agency professionals and regional Public Relations agency owners/founders. They shared their journey and explained the concept, growth and evolution, agency revenue model, team size, opportunities, and challenges on the whole. The level of growth is varied region-wise, while Western, Northern, and Southern regions are hot spots of growth of regional Public Relations business, Eastern and North-East region remain a potential growth market. It was also observed that the affiliate model or the associate model of business is prevalent in the industry. The upcoming trends and practices were also discussed with the participants. The agencies have relied heavily on traditional media for a long time, but there is a gradual shift towards creating more digital content, which is data-driven. In due course of the study, it was evident that industry spending differed from one region to another. FMCG, followed by Automobile and Telecom, were the front runners in spends on regional Public Relations, Government and Education sectors have also caught up. The variation is observed due to the general demand and supply rule and socio-cultural factors, including language, customs, lifestyles & values, playing a crucial role. The researcher also came across some looming challenges that the industry currently faces, and recommendations have also been shared at the end of this paper.
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Petukhov, I. A. "The evolution of the assessment of smenovekhovtsevs in domestic scientific literature and publicism." Vestnik of Minin University 8, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26795/2307-1281-2020-8-4-11.
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Introduction. In this article issues, are considered, that are connected with the change of smenovekhovtsy in scientific and political publications of Russian authors in the historical retrospective. The article snows that the initial assessments were greatly defendant on the political environment at the beginning of the XX century when of the articles criticism the entire intellectual class but this tendency gradually evolved in to a more detailed and conscious analysis of the smenovekhovtsy ideas through the lens of the Russian post-revolutionary thought.Materials and Methods. The material of the research is the publications of various authors devoted to the problems of changeover as a philosophical and political trend. To solve the set tasks, the methods of philosophical analysis, interpretation, comparison, generalization are used.Results. The result of the conducted research is the systematization of the history of consideration of the phenomenon of changeover from political criticism to understanding the originality of the originality of the thought of the creators of this movement, including the personality characteristics of N.V. Ustryalov, a description and assessment of his political, scientific, managerial and other activities directly related to the process of the origin and development of the project of change. In general, it can be stated that the philosophical studies of the works and biography of N.V. Ustryalova are devoted to a limited range of topics: an assessment of his activities as a political figure of the white movement, an analysis of his ties with the Bolsheviks, a study of the reasons that served as the basis for the formation of the idea of national bolshevism and a conceptual comparison of this trend with Smenovekhovtsy. Currently, this thematic circle has expanded due to the study of the philosophical and political views of N.V. Ustryalov from the point of view of the influence of Smenovekhovtsy on other trends of Russian social thought in emigration, the originality and patriotism of his works.Discussion and Conclusion. Within the framework of this article, a scientific discussion of well-known experts on the history of changeover is presented and makes it possible to characterize the main ideas of the representatives of this trend. One of the most important issues discussed in the works devoted to the changeover and directly by N.V. Ustryalov, is the question of the originality of smenovekhovtsy as a political and philosophical direction of Russian thought. An important role in the study of N.V. Ustryalov plays the fact of the influence of his ideas on other currents of emigration, Soviet and philosophical thought, understanding of the origins and foundations that served to create smenovekhovtsy and National Bolshevism. Therefore, it can be argued that a deep meaningful analysis of domestic ideas is needed, a study of the history of interpenetration and the influence of the teachings of the smenovekhovtsy on post-revolutionary socio-political and philosophical thought, both inRussia and abroad.Thus, the author was able to form a full-fledged political and philosophical analysis of journalism devoted to the changeover and demonstrate the importance of the ideas of its creators in the history of Russian philosophy.
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Fatmawati, Faijah Ida, and Teguh Setiawan. "Penerjemahan Kosakata Budaya dalam Film `Yowis Ben I` (Translation of Cultural Words in ‘Yowis Ben I’ Film)." Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya 9, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/lensa.9.2.2019.137-155.
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Penerjemahan kosakata budaya dinilai sulit untuk dilakukan sebab kosakata budaya bahasa sumber (BSu) belum tentu memiliki padanan yang sama dalam bahasa sasaran (BSa). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis kosakata budaya yang terdapat dalam film Yowis Ben I. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik padan translasional. Parameter yang digunakan adalah jenis kosakata budaya menurut Newmark. Hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut. (1) Terdapat 69 kata yang merupakan jenis kosakata budaya berdasarkan paramaeter jenis kosakata budaya menurut Newmark. (2) Jenis kosakata budaya yang paling sering muncul berupa sosial budaya sebanyak 26 data atau sebesar 37,68%. Selanjutnya, jenis kosakata material sebanyak 17 data atau 25,64%, organisasi sebanyak 17 data atau 24,64%, kial/kebiasaan sebanyak 5 data atau 7,25%, dan ekologi sebanyak 4 data atau 5,80%. Kata kunci: terjemahan, kosakata budaya, subtitle, film.ABSTRACTTranslation of cultural word is considered difficult to do because the source language cultural word does not necessarily have the same equivalent in the target language. This study aims to describe the types of cultural word found in ‘Yowis Ben I’'s films. Data were analyzed using translational equivalent techniques. The parameter used is a type of cultural word according to Newmark. The results of the study obtained the following results. (1) There are 69 words which are types of cultural word based on parameter types of cultural word according to Newmark. (2) The type of cultural word that most often appears in the form of socio-culture is 26 data or 37,68%. Furthermore, the type of material was 17 data or 25,64%, organizational as much as 17 data or 25.64%, the gesture/ habit were 5 data or 7,25%, and ecology as much as 4 data or 5,80%.
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Kabanova, Kseniia Vladimirovna. "Traditions and their role in the development of family and society." Психолог, no. 1 (January 2022): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8701.2022.1.35918.
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The subject of this research is the traditions and their role in the development of family and society. The article raises the problem of loss of cultural-historical and family values, conservation and passing on goal leis in following the process of transmission of cultural, historical and socio-psychological experience from generation to generation through traditions. The article provides the theoretical analysis of modern research in the field of traditions; examines the concept and structure of the phenomenon of "tradition" and its formation. Special attention is given to family traditions as one of the factors of socio-psychological security of a family. The novelty consists in summarizing the material on the topic, introducing the authorial version of the definition of tradition, and resuming the development of family traditions as a factor of stability and psychological security of a family. In addition to temporal component (succession in generations), the acquired results allow outlining the value component of the tradition. The conclusion is made that traditions are an achievement and value of any community, any civilization and culture; while family traditions, playing the role of sociocultural practice of security, pass on family experience to succeeding generations, stabilize and structure life, form positive family identity, are essential for social adaptation, and affect confidence in life of an individual.
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Schenck, Catherina J., Phillip F. Blaauw, Jacoba MM Viljoen, and Elizabeth C. Swart. "Exploring the Potential Health Risks Faced by Waste Pickers on Landfills in South Africa: A Socio-Ecological Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 11, 2019): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112059.
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Landfill and street waste pickers in South Africa are responsible for collecting substantial volumes of recyclable material, saving municipalities millions and contributing to a generally healthier and cleaner environment. Yet waste pickers continue to operate on the fringes of the economy and are exposed to many risks, particularly health risks which have a direct impact on the sustainability of their livelihoods. This article, using a mixed-methods approach, explores the health risks to which waste pickers working on nine different landfills in the country are exposed. The socio-ecological framework was used to analyse and present the results. A key finding was that waste picking, by its very nature, lends itself to innumerable health risks, but that these can be lessened through concerted and collaborative efforts on the part of landfill operators, local authorities and other stakeholders. Integrating the ‘self-employed’ waste pickers into the formal waste management system should be comprehensive in order to limit health risks. Waste pickers will never have a risk-free environment, but facilitative policies and supportive institutions can collaboratively help to mitigate these risks and create a more sustainable and dignified working environment towards sustaining their livelihoods.
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Wilson, Jim. "The Old Testament Sacrificial Context of 2 Corinthians 8–9." Bulletin for Biblical Research 27, no. 3 (January 1, 2017): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/bullbiblrese.27.3.0361.
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Abstract The motivation behind Paul's collection for the personae miserae (e.g., widow, orphan, and stranger) of the Jerusalem church has been interpreted in a variety of ways. Sze-kar Wan's and David Downs's assessments of the collection as a cultic act are attractive but face competing interpretations. In this study, I employ a socio-anthropological method like those of Mary Douglas, Catherine Bell, and Gerald Klingbeil, which accommodate a careful observation of formal similarities and vast ideological differences between Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian models of exchange. Based on the comparison I will propose that out of the many models of exchange by which Paul might have been influenced and from which he might have drawn to frame his exhortation in 2 Cor 8–9, Paul chose the triennial tithe model that is peculiar to the book of Deuteronomy. This could lend further support to Wan and Downs in their assertions that Paul's collection for the personae miserae of the Jerusalem church should be read in light of OT sacrifice. The presentation of material will employ a combination of lexical, intertextual, and sociological methodologies over three sections.
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Smith, Mark, and Ros Burnett. "The origins of the Jimmy Savile scandal." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 1/2 (March 12, 2018): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-03-2017-0029.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins of the Jimmy Savile Scandal in which the former BBC entertainer was accused of a series of sexual offences after his death in 2011. The case has had a massive impact on UK policing and criminal justice policy and on care work, with implications for due process and public expenditure in responding to reports of sexual abuse. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on an Economic and Social Research Council funded project to collate data on the Savile case. It is based, primarily, on interview material from former pupils and staff members from Duncroft School, from whence initial allegations against Savile emanate, contrasting these with media accounts. Findings The research provides a very different picture of Duncroft and the contemporary policy context to that presented in media accounts. A questioning account of the origins of the scandal emerges. The findings may lend themselves to a moral panics analysis but also point to the power of dominant stories in influencing public policy. Research limitations/implications This paper is based on only a very small sample of interviews. The material is ethically sensitive in that it may be claimed or used to cast doubt on accounts of abuse. Social implications The implications of the wider project from which it draws are potentially profound, casting doubt on the origins and detail of the Savile scandal. Originality/value The paper addresses one of the major socio-cultural episodes in recent British history, which has had a profound effect on the workings of the criminal justice system, signalling a shift away from a presumption of innocence. It also offers insight into the cultural context of care work and the possibility, especially for males, of being subject to allegations made against them.
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Arora, Rohini. "EMBROIDERED CHOLIES OF PAHARI REGION: A TECHNICAL STUDY." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 3, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v3.i1.2022.68.
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Pahari embroidery was practised in different parts in undivided Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. The surface ornamentation of these articles with respect to design, raw material and technique were beautifully adapted according to their utility. The popular product in embroidery is Chamba rumals locally known as dhaknu or chabbu. In addition, equally fascinating embroidery was seen on household products which were meant for personal use and decoration in single sided stitches. The most startling are cholies from Himachal Pradesh in terms of their construction and designs. The cholies from given museums were studied namely Bhuri Singh Museum, Chamba; Government Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh National Museum, New Delhi and personal collection. Evidently they are characterized by selective treatment given to them in terms of construction, materials, stitches, adaptation of designs and motifs. Apart from embroidery miniature paintings also indicated the relevance of traditional costumes in socio cultural traditions. Interestingly two different kinds are observed in cholies according to their construction. Likewise on basis of designs and motifs two different styles in embroidery are seen i.e. free hand curved designs and geometrical designs. The documentation of these designs is done by redrawing the traditional motifs with help of miniature artist Shri Prixit Sharma, Chamba. The stitches are also classified as filling, outline and finishing used in single sided embroidery. Conspicuously these minute variations lend special features to choli blouses and distinguish them from other form of embroideries from the pahari region.
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Sabennikova, Irina V. "Electronic Documents in Archives’ Information Exchange System." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2021): 520–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-2-520-531.
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The functioning of various types of documents in the information space is determined by new technologies: social networks, blogs, forums, Internet exhibitions, electronic periodicals and non-periodical editions; they directly affect the formation of ethical, political, socio-cultural perceptions of modern users. There is a tendency to diversify these technologies as applicable to various types of electronic documents and for purposes of their use. Nowadays, the archives face a number of important tasks concerning study, analysis, admission for storage, and further use of documents. Among the issues requiring consideration and clarification in relation to electronic documents there is definition of the original, distinction between the original and electronic copy, the original and falsified document, definition of its material carrier, broadcasting of information, as well as some legal issues, primarily, questions of ownership, copyright, etc. The accumulation of information in the virtual sphere proceeds in various forms: there are photographs, videos from digital cameras, all kinds of electronic documents; it necessitates a clarification of some provisions concerning acquisition, storage, and usage of the documents and the information they contain. The article uses a research metaphor of “digital cultural layer” to express the changes in the archival sphere, where there emerges a new layer (complex) of electronic documents that has been created and is functioning in the virtual sphere. Electronic digital document doesn’t fit the usual paradigm, according to which a document always has a visualized material medium. The notion of the “original” becomes a subject for clarification. Acceptance of electronic documents for storage leads to adjustment of such traditional notions as “storage item” and “record-keeping item.” Identification of electronic document also requires clarification, since it does not lend itself to “identification” in the usual sense and we can only speak of conditional identification. The issues of acquisition, storage, and usage of electronic documents are considered in the article on the example of personal collections. As a significant part of citizens participate in various forms of social activity on the Internet (blogs, forums, electronic correspondence, etc.), thus expanding the social base of creators and holders of personal information, the near future will see a replenishment of personal provenance collections by electronic documents of personal origin.
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Lo Bianco, Andrea, and Natalia Valdés del Toro. "The Hegemon’s Perspective, Part I. On the inner source and morphology of world power and hegemony." Relaciones Internacionales, no. 46 (February 28, 2021): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2021.46.003.
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Modernity unfolds through the unrelenting exploitation, appropriation, and dispossession of human and natural substance; through the radical devaluation of nature, both human and extra-human; on hierarchy, racism, patriarchy, all in service to capitalist accumulation. A grasp of what lies at the base of one of the most important world-historical mechanisms of power formation and systemic reproduction that has hitherto kept the capitalist world-system/ecology going, hegemony, can be relevant for the formulation of new strategies of contention and practices of anti-systemic movements against this perverse mode of life organization. Such a grasp, thus, can be regarded as part of the anti-systemic program towards a more just society and ecologically-devoted humanity. Understanding how a hegemon can form and produce power can be conducive to the comprehension of how to jam or confront such a world-systemic mechanism, which is pivotal for the unabated expansion and reproduction of capitalism. This investigation endeavors to shed some light on this agency of world-historical power and systemic re/production. More to the point, it will posit a methodological way of reading and understanding the inner source and morphology of the hegemonic power. This paper, however, represents the spadework for further research. As we shall see, the complexity of the argument imposed a provisional “ecological expurgation”. As a consequence, nature will be silenced in Part I. The reasons for such a painful expurgation will be clear once we delve into the articulation of analysis and narrative. Such methodological and conceptual weakness is to be overcome through further research in Part II. It shall posit a complete hegemon’s perspective, namely, a world-ecological perspective on the hegemonic power. Part I, hence, will explore part of the material relational complexity that spawns hegemony in reality. On the present groundwork indeed, an understanding of the hegemonic power through post-Cartesian, that is, a world-ecological lens, could be unfolded to the fullest, both methodologically and historically. Provisional and fictional separation calls for permanent and lifelike reconstitution —which is the final aim of the research—. Part I will not engage in a traditional analysis of hegemony as a projection of power towards and onto world space. By contrast, it will deal with how a hegemon succeeds in projecting such power; that is, how the hegemon manages to internally generate power enough to make masses and states throughout the world captive and legible to the hegemon’s project of world leadership and historical development. What is seldom acknowledged is that a hegemon, before projecting power outward, must develop an internal formula. Hence, through this (provisional) methodological frame it will be argued that it is not simply an overt power that defines a hegemon, but its infra-structural power. More to the point, in Part I will posit the hegemon as a regime of power accumulation wherein state, capital and society work hand in glove with a particular degree of coherence developed within the established, or legal, boundaries of its territorial sovereignty. The internal organization of power that originates from this “coherent work” breeds hegemony, that is, the capacity to project power towards and onto world space. Part I purports to provide a way to explain analytically the hegemon’s organization, control, and logistics in order to understand sociospatial capacity for infrastructural power — a mode for investigating the tangled whole of powers, relations and networks that makes and permeates the fabric of the hegemon itself -. I would here hint at the world-ecological reading of the hegemon. In short: the world-ecological perspective of the Hegemon thinks of hegemonic power not solely as infra-structural power but as infra-relational power —meaning the capacity to historically design first, and then organize the project of power, science and nature by activating operations to harness the relational forces between humans and nature (as well as within both and their own inextricable intertwining) in service of capitalist power—. The hegemon is thus an organization of human-and-extra-human space that extensively and intensively re/produces, organizes, mobilizes and maximizes human-and-extra-human wealth, knowledge and interaction better than any other organization in the modern world-ecology. In short: before projecting power outward, the hegemon must develop a socioecological formula. Thus, from a complete hegemon’s perspective, hegemony is firstly an inner actual world-ecological design of the world. This is the idea behind the methodological and historical investigation of world-ecology to be carried out. Part I maintains that hegemonic power is the product of a trialectic unity of state, capital and society in which multiple overlapping and intersecting spatial networks of power, and the attendant immanent relations, are viewed as constitutive of the working totality. A hegemon deploys the most coherent – efficient and effective – design and operationalization of infrastructural power. Complementary then, hegemonic infrastructural power is to be also seen as the specifically-organic product and conflation of extensive and intensive power – firstly, within its own legal space and borders. The hegemon is a regime of power accumulation that extensively and intensively re/produces, organizes, mobilizes, and maximizes wealth, knowledge and interaction better than any other organization in the modern world-system. Hence, compared to any other jurisdiction that vies with it, a hegemonic regime manages to generate and combine the highest organizational cooperation (put simply: cooperation among the largest number of people with and through the most expansive management of resources – extensive power) with the greatest organizational command (put simply: the highest level of commitment from participants and utilization of resources – intensive power). The investigation of networks and relations, (bundled by) extensive and intensive power, is, in short, the method being argued for. As a whole, this will allow us to see the socio-spatial dynamic of infrastructural power production and to account for (the coherence of) the hegemon’s structure – the hegemony’s source. Finally, this is to prepare the ground, on the one hand, for the factual analysis of the hegemons’ historical development, since it purports to provide a useful framework to investigate the hegemons’ historical organization as well as the manifold web of power relations contained within it. On the other, it provides, as a whole, the springboard through which to unfold the world-ecological perspective on the hegemon, both methodologically and historically.
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Haavik, Torgeir Kolstø, Jens Røyrvik, and Catharina Lindheim. "A question of power: the politics of kilowatt-hours." Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies 5, no. 1 (August 10, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/njsts.v5i1.2249.
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<p>This article builds on long-term, ongoing studies of energy efficiency governance, and reports from one recent case study of a multi-use area development combining local heating/cooling and district heating. We approach the subject matter with a particular interest for the heterogeneous substances and processes at play in realising an engineering project. With a particular focus on controversies, we analyse the achievements of energy efficient solutions as processes of transformation, translation and exchange.</p><p>The study involves exploration of different energy systems. However, while <em>isolation</em> and <em>infinity</em> are natural entities in the laboratories, they are rare in the real world. The real world <em>leaks</em>, and we intentionally allow some leakages but not others. That is the <em>politics</em> of energy efficiency: in the translation processes of energy streams into classification schemes, we isolate some parts of our systems but not others; we include some energy considerations but not others. This pragmatic is a virtue of necessity, since the impossible imperative of following all energy paths in infinity would require us to constantly deal with the whole world.</p>Power being relational, successful energy efficiency lends support from careful exploitation of processes of transformation, translation and exchange, both within and across material-technological and socio-political domains. The conclusion of our studies is twofold: First, in order to understand the phenomenon of energy efficiency one needs to understand the functioning of sociomaterial networks and analyse the sociomaterial controversies and transformation processes that takes place within them, under the imperative of the formal and often highly standardised technical system classifications. We may call this the politics of kilowatt-hours. Second, exploring new scaling philosophies and strategies require parallel, research based exploration of new energy efficiency governance principles.
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Bagheri, Zahra, and Mir Ali Seyed Naghavi. "The Need for Human Resource Management in the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Crisis; A Meta-Synthesis Study." Depiction of Health 13, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/doh.2022.10.
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Background. The crisis caused by the novel coronavirus in 2019 has caused challenges and problems in most organizations and created difficulties for employees who are the most important organizational resource. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to identify the components of human resources (HR) during the new coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis, based on previous researches in this field. Material. This is a Meta-Synthesis study. Using the 4 keywords of human resources, human resource management, coronavirus, COVID-19, the researchers explored literature databases of Proquest, The Scientific Information Database (SID), Web of Science, Emerald journals as well as Google Scholar, the specialized search engine, in 2019-2021. The number of sources initially found was 1,029, of which 921 articles were rejected because of the title. The total number of screened abstracts was 108, 16 of which we rejected on the basis of the abstracts and 27 of which we rejected in view of content, leaving us with 65 final articles to be reviewed. Three universal themes, three constructive themes, 11 basic themes and 117 codes were extracted. Results. Based on the findings of this study social opportunities and threats are the biggest challenges for human resources. The HR unit should also focus on issues such as virtualization of work and work environment, the degree of external environment support for the organization's employees, how to restructure jobs, health, and psychological challenges, as well as economic and internal challenges. Conclusion. In dealing with the coronavirus, human resource managers should pay special attention to components such as virtualization of work and work environment, support of the external environment for employees of the organization, restructuring of jobs, health and psychological requirements and challenges, whether they be social, economic, or intra-organizational. Extended Abstract Background One of the challenges that the field of management is currently facing, and can cause a crisis in the field of human resource management, if ignored, is the new Corona virus (covid-19). The observations of researchers and human resource managers indicate that since the announcement of the virus worldwide, the overall structure of work has undergone major changes and, consequently, the lifestyle of humans has been affected. The crisis caused by the new coronavirus has caused challenges and problems in most organizations and has caused problems for employees, who are the most important assets and resources of most organizations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to identify the components of human resources during the new coronavirus crisis (covid-19), based on previous research in this field, and to extract the relevant components. These components can help managers, especially human resources managers, in advancing goals. Material Topics in this field have recently entered the literature of management and leadership and comprehensive models and theories in the field of research have not been appeared yet. Accordingly, the research method of this article is a qualitative study that has been done by researchers of published articles on human resource management in the new covid-19 crisis, using the meta-synthesis method. The goal is to create a new, integrated interpretation of the findings. This method is for clarifying the concepts, patterns, and results in refining the existing states of knowledge and the emergence of operational models and accepted theories. The use of the meta-synthesis method to identify key factors related to human resource management in the new covid-19 crisis serves to integrate several studies to create comprehensive and interpretive findings. Does the main research question emphasize what the dimensions and components of human resource management are in the new covid-19 crisis according to previous research? To set the research question, Four main parameters have been used, namely: Using the 4 keywords of human resources, human resource management, coronavirus, COVID-19, the researchers explored literature databases of Proquest, The Scientific Information Database (SID), Web of Science, Emerald journals as well as Google Scholar, the specialized search engine, in 2019-2021. The number of 1,029 sources was found, of which 921 articles were rejected because of the title. The total number of screened abstracts was 108, 16 of which we rejected on the basis of the abstracts and 27 of which we rejected in view of content, leaving us with 65 final articles to be reviewed. Three universal themes, three constructive themes, 11 basic themes and 117 codes were extracted. Results COVID-19 pandemic is destroying the global economy, but it also brings different opportunities for organizations. It is time for HR managers to think about how to take advantage of this opportunity. In certain situations, and during a covid-19 crisis, organizational managers need to communicate openly and honestly with employees so that they can perform more effectively, because employee participation has a significant and positive effect on organizational performance. In addition, knowledge sharing in this situation is more important than ever and has a significant and positive effect on the performance of the organization. Therefore, to maintain the high performance of the organization at this time, employee participation and knowledge sharing can be the best way to meet the current human resource challenges. During the outbreak of the covid-19 disease, employee participation is a key element of employee and organizational success, and employee satisfaction leads to better performance, increased creativity, and organizational commitment, which is becoming increasingly important in hospitals and health care organizations. This study indicate that opportunities and social threats are the biggest challenges facing human resources. The HR unit should also focus on issues such as virtualization of work and work environment, the degree of external environment support for the organization's employees, how to restructure jobs, health, and psychological challenges, as well as economic and internal challenges. Human resources managers can observe the characteristics, requirements, and challenges arising from this disease on a component-by-component basis. For example, hospital managers consider issues such as the prevalence of mental disorders such as depression, insomnia and generalized anxiety, fear of not knowing, health crisis, stress in the medical system, negative impact on the physical and mental health of employees, and risk of isolation or loneliness in work environments. Distance, mental health, the loneliness of single and childless employees are the main challenges of the health system employees and identifying these challenges can solve many problems arising at this point. The existence of social norms, on the other hand, can be even more important. Such norms may include the implementation of policies such as social distancing and closure of gathering and interaction centers, combating the phenomenon of social stigma, raising awareness of how the virus might be transmited, care and prevention of pollution through national and social media, highlighting the importance of social responsibility. Among other important norms identified in this study are health care, public governance, education, employment, and socio-economic factors, support for managers to balance life and work, leaving employees to prepare meals, play with children and do housework, staff participation and knowledge sharing, providing a clean and safe work environment, providing personal protective equipment and financial assistance for them and their family members, employees' adaptation to the remote work environment, separation of work and private life. Conclusion Finally, after reading this article, managers and researchers in this field and other related fields can look at human resource issues through a new lens. In dealing with the covid-19, human resource managers should pay special attention to components such as virtualization of work and work environment, support of the external environment for employees of the organization, restructuring of jobs, health and psychological requirements and challenges, social, economic, and intra-organizational factors. One of the limitations of this research is the novelty of the subject and the lack of previous research, especially in Iranian sources. Also, quantitative research addresses aspects that may not be possible to monitor in qualitative research. It is therefore recommended that future research focus on quantitative-qualitative hybrid methods. It is also suggested that future research investigate the impact of human resource processes during covid-19 outbreaks. Practical Implications of Research It is best for HR managers to review the structure and processes of HR and organizational resources and to coordinate the organization to adapt to the changes resulting from COVID-19. Ethical Considerations The researchers have adhered to all ethical principles in the use, presentation, and publication of scientific materials and all the rights of researchers have been observed. Conflict of Interest The authors of this article hereby declare that they have no conflict of interest. Aknowledgment Not applicable.
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Prokhorova, Viktoriia V., and Yaryna V. Yukhman. "Dominant Impact of Structural Transformation of the Economy of Ukraine on the Efficiency of the Investment Potential Development of Enterprises under Conditions of Uncertainty." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 3, no. 53 (2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2022-3-62-69.
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The article defines that the structural transformation of the economy is of great importance for the state, it determines the potential of its long-term development, as a result of which it becomes a strategic factor of general development not only for enterprises of a certain industry, but also for the country as a whole. That is why the structural transformation of Ukraine's economy has a dominant effect on the effectiveness of the development of the investment potential of all industrial enterprises, since today there is a decline in production, which directly depends on the latest innovative measures of the state's strategic development. On the basis of the structural priorities of the socio-economic development of Ukraine and the existing scientific, technical and innovative potential of the domestic economic sector, with the aim of ensuring competition in the scientific sphere, effective concentration of material, technical and financial resources to solve current problems in the economic sector of Ukraine, it is necessary to form long-term innovative programs in general industry in market conditions of management, where the main aspects of scientific and innovative activity of industrial enterprises are indicated. To date, in the economic field, innovations are not implemented very efficiently at effective industrial enterprises. It was concluded that the insufficient amount of financial and economic resources is one of the main reasons preventing the development of new types of products and technologies in the process of implementing innovative developments on the territory of our country. Financial institutions are reluctant to lend to risky innovative projects, and the existing financial and credit mechanism is imperfect and ensures the implementation of the results of applied scientific research in the domestic market and in the markets of developed countries of the world, where credit institutions are created with the participation of state authorities in order to provide guarantees, reducing the amount of use budgetary funds and distributing the risk between the borrower, the bank and the guarantor for the financing of innovative programs and the implementation of innovative projects. The development of industry on an innovative and scientific basis requires the training of a new generation of researchers and highly qualified specialists, ready to carry out innovative activities in market conditions.
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Son, Changwon, Farzan Sasangohar, and S. Camille Peres. "Redefining and Measuring Resilience in Emergency Management Systems." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1651–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601899.
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Inherent limitations of controlling risks in complex socio-technical systems were revealed in several major catastrophic disasters such as nuclear meltdown in Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in 2011, well blowout in Deepwater Horizon drilling rig in 2010, and Hurricane Katrina in 2005. While desired risk management leans toward the prevention of such unwanted events, the mitigation of their impact becomes more important and emergency response operations provide the last line of protection against disasters (Kanno, Makita, & Furuta, 2008). In response to September 11 terrorist attack at World Trade Center in New York, U.S. Government launched the National Incident Management System (NIMS), an integrated national and multi-jurisdictional emergency preparedness and response program (Department of Homeland Security, 2008). The NIMS framework is characterized by a common operating picture, interoperability, reliability, scalability and portability, and resilience and redundancy (Department of Homeland Security, 2008). Among these characteristics, effective emergency response operations require resilience because planned-for actions may not be implementable and therefore the emergency response organizations must adapt to and cope with uncertain and changing environment (Mendonca, Beroggi, & Wallace, 2003). There have been many attempts to define resilience in various disciplines (Hollnagel, Woods, & Leveson, 2007). Nevertheless, such attempts for emergency management systems (EMS) is still scarce in the existing body of resilience literature. By considering traits of EMS, this study proposes the definition of resilience as ‘ a system’s capability to respond to different kinds of disrupting events and to bring the system back to a desired state in a timely manner with efficient use of resources, and with minimum loss of performance capacity.’ In order to model resilience in EMS, the U.S. NIMS is chosen because it allows for investigation of resilient behavior among different components that inevitably involve both human agents and technological artifacts as joint cognitive systems (JCSs) (Hollnagel & Woods, 2005). In the NIMS, the largest JCS comprises five critical functions: Command, Planning, Operations, Logistics and Finance & Administration (F&A) (Department of Homeland Security, 2008). External stimuli or inputs to this JCS are events that occur outside of its boundary such as uncontrolled events. When these events do occur, they are typically perceived by the ‘boots-on-the-ground’ in the Operations function. The perceived data are reported and transported to the Planning function in which such data are transformed into useful and meaningful information. This information provides knowledge base for generating a set of decisions. Subsequently, Command function selects some of those decisions and authorizes them with adequate resources so that Operations actually take actions for such decisions to the uncontrolled events. This compensation process continues until the JCS achieves its systematic goal which is to put the event under control. On the other hand, Logistics feeds required and requested resources such as workforce, equipment and material for the system operations and F&A does the accounting of resources as those resources are actually used to execute its given missions. Such JCS utilizes two types of memory: a collective working memory (CWM) can be manifested in the form of shared displays, document or whiteboards used by teams; similarly, collective long-term memory (CLTM) can take forms of past accident reports, procedures and guidelines. Based on this conceptual framework for resilience of emergency operations, five Resilient Performance Factors (RPFs) are suggested to make resilience operational in EMS. Such RPFs are adaptive response, rapidity of recovery, resource utilization, performance stability and team situation awareness. Adaptation is one of the most obvious patterns of resilient performance (Leveson et al., 2006; Rankin, Lundberg, Woltjer, Rollenhagen, & Hollnagel, 2014). Another factor that typifies resilience of any socio- technical system is how quickly or slowly it bounces back from perturbations (Hosseini, Barker, & Ramirez-Marquez, 2016). In most systems, resources are constrained. Hence, resilience requires the effective and efficient use of resources to varying demands. As such demands persist over time, the system’s performance level tends to diminish. For the EMS to remain resilient, its performance should be maintained in a stable fashion. Finally, EMS is is expected to possess the ability to perceive what is currently taking place, to comprehend what such occurrence actually means, and to anticipate what may happen and decide what to do about it. When this occurs within a team, it is often referred to as team situation awareness (Endsley, 1995; McManus, Seville, Brunsden, & Vargo, 2007). This resilience model for EMS needs validation and many assumptions and simplifications made in this work require further justification. This model will be discussed and validated by using subsequent data collection from Emergency Operations Training Center operated by Texas A&M Engineering Extension Service (TEEX) and will be reported in future publications.
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Bazhanov, Valentin. "Brain through the Lens of Biocultural Co-Constructivism." Russian Foundation for Basic Research Journal. Humanities and social sciences, January 22, 2020, 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22204/2587-8956-2019-097-04-31-38.
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The article briefly outlines the idea of biocultural co-constructivism and, through its lens, provides insights into the interaction of society, culture and the brain as a holistic system with active mutual impacts of each component, which allows talking about the phenomenon of “social brain”. It is shown that socio-cultural factors have a significant impact on the functions of neural structures, their activity and the restructuring of the architectonics of the brain even at the macroscopic level. The paths of natural and cultural development are expressed in co-creation, co-generation of meanings; these trajectories cross and form a system that ensures their active interaction and interdetermination. Culture defines the perspective of classification, outlook and the modes of its evaluation; it sort of filters out fragments of reality that do not fit into the cultural “grid of categories”. This helps to conclude that the idea of a “cognitive and versatile” subject of cognition should be rethought in view of new empirical material provided by cultural neuroscience. The subject of cognition in the context of biocultural co-constructivism is “linked” to a specific situation that characterizes the relationship of society, culture and the brain. The modern neuroscience makes the need for naturalism and sociocentrism obvious, suggests the shift towards revising the rigorous attitudes of logocentrism and the prospects for knowledge deanthropologization.
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Cerratto Pargman, Teresa. "Reconsidering learning in a socio-material world. A response to Fischer et al.'s contribution." International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, December 20, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijilt-07-2022-0143.
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PurposeThe purpose of this commentary is to comment on Fischer's et al. (2022)Design/methodology/approachThis commentary responds to Fischer's et al. (2022) call on envisioning alternate conceptualizations of learning for the digital era. In doing so, the author argues for reconsidering learning in its socio-material condition, situated and made of a web of social and technological relations. In this context, the author takes a relational lens on learning to interrogate taken-for-granted views of (1) personalizing data increasingly used for student learning, (2) emerging educational infrastructures for higher education and (3) the student–teacher relationship mediated by data and algorithms.FindingsIn this commentary, the author suggested unpacking assumptions about learning that get reflected in the design and discourses about socio-technical arrangements and transformations in education. Taking the example of personalized learning, the author has illustrated a relational mode of thinking that leads the author to argue that, renewed definitions of learning must be discussed multidimensionally and, most importantly, situated in the material world that learning is already part of.Research limitations/implicationsFollowing Fischer et al. (2022, this issue), the author agrees that the focus should be on finding “new ways of organizing learning by exploring opportunities for radically new conceptualizations and practices.” In order to do that it is of utmost importance to problematize the social and material conditions that actively configure learning today and infrastructure tomorrow's learning. Hopefully, these observations will entice others to discuss further the educational transformations at stake in the age of datafication and algorithmic decision-making.Originality/valueThe author argues for reconsidering learning in its socio-material condition, which is situated and made of a web of social and technological relations. In this context, the author argues that any attempt to reconceptualize learning from a transformational perspective in the 21st century, as mentioned by Fischer et al. (2022), needs to interrogate views and assumptions about the socio-technical relationships researchers, practitioners and educators are contributing to via their practices and discourses.