Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Socio-economic regions'
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Halem, Mohamed Ahmed Awad Abdel. "Environmental and socio-economic assessment of arid land farming : a case from Lake Nasser region in Egypt /." Weikersheim : Margraf, 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/76686116.html.
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Parnell, Alan Kenneth. "Modelling climate change and socio-economic impacts within three regions of Scotland, 1970-2100." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2135.
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There is a consensus of scientific thought that humana ctivities are altering the gaseous composition of the atmosphere and leading to global climate change. This thesis addresses the question of how this global climate change will manifest itself at the regional level. In particular, a dynamic simulation model integrating both climate change and climatically sensitives ocio-economic activities will be developed. This model will explore the regional variations in both climate change and socio-economic activity. Three Local Authorities in Scotland were chosen for this study, Argyll on the west coast, Stirling inland and Fife on the east coast. This provides a west-east transect across central Scotland. Meteorological data, covering the period 1970-1998, was collected from twelve sites spread across these regions. These data were analysed in order to provide a climatic profile of each of the regions, and to identify any evidence of climate change in the form of trends in the data. Data relating to socio-economic factors was taken from a variety of sources. Mere possible this covered the same period in time as the climate data. Both sets of data were examined to determine evidence of climate sensitivity in the socioeconomic data using suitable statistical techniques. A simple, yet thermodynamically sound, dynamic climate model was developed and calibrated for each region using the data from the previous analysis. This model allowed increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (C02) to directly affect the mean surface temperature of the three regions. Precipitation changes from the UKCIP02 regional climate model were included This allowed seasonal temperature and precipitation totals to be simulated, on a regional basis, under different climate change scenarios. Simulations, calibrated on datafrom 1970-1998, were run forward to 2100. The climate results were similar to the outputfrom the UKCIP02 model. Six sectors of a socio-economic model were constructed population, employment, land use, water resources, housing and emissions. Where statistically significant relationships, between climatic and the local socio-economic variables were found, these were included in the model. Simulations for the period 1970-2100, were run under four different climate change scenarios, and that of constant climate, in order to assessth eir impact on the six sectors at the regional scale. The results indicate considerable regional variations in the impacts both of climate change and the associated climatically sensitive activities. Argyll in the west, for example, could benefit from increased tourism and the potential for agricultural expansion. If in-migration is allowed to offset labour shortages, then the west sees a reversal of the population decline of previous decades. Climate change has little impact on the economy of the inland and eastern regions. However, a problem does emerge with water resources in the east. Summer droughts are seen to increase in frequency, suggesting that both the costs and benefits of climate change will be unevenly distributed. The implications of these results for the management of change are then discussed along with future research needs.
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Kopainsky, Birgit [Verfasser]. "A system dynamics analysis of socio-economic development in lagging Swiss regions / Birgit Kopainsky." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1181612284/34.
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Frisina, Lorraine. "Understanding regional development absorption, institutions and socio-economic growth in the regions of the European Union ; a case study on Italy." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2006. http://d-nb.info/987897845/04.
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Frisina, Lorraine. "Understanding regional development : absorption, institutions and socio-economic growth in the regions of the European Union ; a case study on Italy /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/560191960.pdf.
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Dodds, David. "Perceptions of power and influence within reformed primary school governing bodies : a case-study of three differing socio-economic regions within a large urban education authority." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304726.
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Закревська, Т. Д. "Порівняльна оцінка програм соціально-економічного розвитку регіонів України." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/43801.
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На сучасному етапі соціально-економічний розвиток економіки України неможливий без урахування територіальних особливостей, зокрема, сильних та слабких сторін функціонування регіональних економічних систем, сприятливих і негативних тенденцій розвитку регіонів. Це зумовлено наявністю значної диференціації у забезпеченні необхідними економічними та соціальними ресурсами. Саме на рівні регіонів вирішуються питання відтворення продуктивних сил, реалізуються проекти соціальноекономічного розвитку, задовольняються ключові соціальні потреби населення, а показники розвитку регіональної економіки є критерієм визначення рівня економічного розвитку держави в цілому. Тому обґрунтування теоретико-методологічних аспектів управління розвитком регіонів України, а також виявлення особливостей їх розвитку стають надзвичайно важливими науково-практичними завданнями, а через це питання, пов’язані з визначенням проблем та вивченням перспектив соціально-економічного розвитку регіонів України, є актуальними та своєчасними.
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Silva, Iris Joana Salada Rodrigues da. "Assessing the socio-economic impacts of regional plans in the Ria de Aveiro region." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17800.
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Mestrado em Engenharia do AmbienteA urbanização das zonas costeiras sofreu um grande aumento nas últimas décadas, causando uma grande pressão sobre o ambiente e os recursos. O aumento da população levou ao aumento da procura de habitações o que, por sua vez, resultou numa urbanização pouco planeada e desorganizada – levando à destruição e degradação do meio ambiente. Este tipo de urbanização extensa e dispersa é conhecida como dispersão urbana. No sentido de contradizer os impactes negativos da dispersão urbana nas zonas costeiras, surge a necessidade de pôr em prática um desenvolvimento urbano sustentável. Tal pode ser conseguido através da implementação de legislação e politicas focadas na realização de objetivos sustentáveis. Em Portugal, uma dessas políticas é o Plano Regional de Ordenamento do Território (PROT). Vários modelos de uso do solo têm sido desenvolvidos no sentido de avaliar as mudanças de uso de solo históricas e futuras. No entanto, poucos são os modelos usados para avaliar de que forma os planos de ordenamento de território contribuem para uma urbanização sustentável e os seus impactes sociais, económicos e ambientais. Este estudo tem como principal objetivo a avaliação do Plano Regional de Ordenamento do Território para a região de Aveiro (o PROT-Centro), através do modelo SULD (Sustainable Urbanizing Landscape Development), com o intuito de perceber até que ponto este plano contribui para a urbanização sustentável da região. Tendo em conta uma perspetiva de desenvolvimento sustentável, os resultados demonstram que, apesar do cenário integrado não ser a pior opção, também não é a melhor. Nesta perspetiva, os resultados do cenário ambiental demonstram ser a melhor opção para um desenvolvimento urbano sustentável, observando-se benefícios ambientais (através da proteção e apreciação das amenidades ambientais), bem como benefícios ao nível social e económico (através da maior concentração urbana, preço de habitação e valor total do imobiliário na região), contradizendo a problemática de dispersão urbana e os seus impactes negativos. No sentido do cenário integrado ser uma opção mais viável, deveria ser limitada a zona de construção e mantidos os aspetos ambientais da paisagem.
Urbanization of coastal areas has increased, over the past decades, caused major pressure over resources and the environment. Population growth led to an increasing need for housing, which resulted in a rapid, unplanned and disperse urbanization – leading to the destruction and degradation of the environment. This type of extensive and scattered urbanization is known as urban sprawl. In order to contradict the negative impacts of urban sprawl and protect coastal environments, there is the need to procure sustainable urban development. This can be achieved through the implementation of frameworks and policies focused on achieving sustainability goals. In Portugal, one of those plans is the Regional Spatial Development Plan (PROT). Several land use models have been developed in order to assess historical and future land uses changes. This study aims to assess the regional spatial plan and its components for the Ria de Aveiro region (PROT-Centro), using the SULD decision support tool, in order to understand to what extent this plan contributes to sustainable urbanization of the region. Taking a sustainable development perspective, results show that even though the Integrated scenario is not the worst option it is, also, not the best option. From this perspective, the Environmental scenario results to be the best option for sustainable urban development, showing benefits from an environmental perspective (through the protection and appreciation of environmental amenities) as well as from a social and economic level (through increased urban concentration, housing prices and total real estate value in the region), while contradicting the problematic of urban sprawl and its negative effects. For the integrated scenario to be a more viable option, it should limit unconstrained urbanization and maintain more environmental aspects in the landscape.
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Gordon, II William. "A Comparison of Eighth Grade Reading Scores by State and By the Four Census-Defined Regions Identified by NAEP." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2308.
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This study provided information for policymakers and practitioners by comparing performance of eighth grade students in 2007 on state standardized reading assessments and by the four census-defined regions identified by NAEP. NCLB required states to set their own performance standards and to create their own data collection instruments resulting in increased transparency of student performance data and a lack of uniform accountability systems. The inability of educators, policy-makers, and the general public to make state-by-state comparisons in the area of reading was the catalyst for the study. NAEP data were collected from NCES and state performance data were collected from the USDOE SY 2006-2007 CSPR to determine if a relationship existed between eighth grade students' state scores and NAEP scores in the four census-defined regions. Data were further disaggregated by low socioeconomic students and by nonwhite students. A regression analysis was statistically significant in predicting: a) the state proficient and above scores from the NAEP proficient and above scores, b) the low socioeconomic state proficient and above scores from the NAEP proficient and above scores in the West census-defined region, and c) the nonwhite state proficient and above scores from the NAEP proficient and above scores in all regions. A regression analysis was not statistically significant in predicting low socioeconomic state proficient and above scores from the low socioeconomic NAEP proficient and above scores in the Midwest, South and Northeast regions.Ed.D.
Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership
Education
Educational Leadership EdD
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Pettersson, Örjan. "Socio-economic dynamics in sparse regional structures." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Centrum för regionalvetenskap (CERUM), 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-94119.
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The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse socio-economic changes in northern Sweden. Focus is on the period 1985-2000. Population development, restructuring of economic activities, political and cultural changes are related to a theoretical discussion on the transformation of sparsely populated areas as an outcome of multi-dimensional and interrelated processes. Besides an introductory and concluding section, the thesis contains four papers. The first paper deals with forestry's changed role in the local economy of four municipalities located in the inland areas of upper Norrland. The changes within forestry have been driven by adaptation to global competition and rapid technical development. Even though timber production has increased in some of the municipalities, job losses have greatly reduced the importance of forestry in the local economies. Many employees have left forestry for work in other branches, unemployment or retirement However, relatively few have moved from the area. A multiplier model was employed in order to analyse the impact on the local economy. The second paper deals with population changes in the six northernmost counties. During the 1990s, most municipalities and rural areas in northern Sweden have experienced renewed depopulation. At the same time, some rural areas have shown significant population growth. Three types of rural areas with population growth have been identified. Firstly, there are rural areas within daily commuting distance from regional centres. Secondly, there is a group of rural areas, mainly a number of mountain villages close to the border with Norway, which has benefited from the tourist industry. Finally, there are a few rural areas characterised by attractive residential environments and leisure housing. The third paper is based on a classification of 500 residential areas and villages in the county of Västerbotten into seven types of housing environments. In this way, the county is broken down into a mosaic of housing environments characterised by very different prerequisites for consumption and economic development A complex and dispersed pattern of disadvantaged residential areas all over the county indicates the difficulty in treating counties and municipalities as homogeneous regions. In the fourth paper, focus is on young peoples' attitudes towards staying in or moving to small communities within a local labour market region in northern Sweden. The study is based on telephone interviews with 400 young men and women in the Umeå region. Half the interviewees lived in the university city of Umeå while the others were residents in five rural municipalities surrounding Umeå. In general, the males and females aged 19-25 had a much more positive attitude towards living in rural communities than did those aged 15-18. Nevertheless, only half of the young people already living in the rural municipalities wanted to stay there. Among the young people living in the city, slightly less than 50% showed an interest in moving to the surrounding rural areas, mainly the countryside within commuting distance from the city. The connection between higher education and out-migration of young people from rural areas is also highlighted.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2002
digitalisering@umu
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Hronek, Lukáš. "Socioekonomický rozvoj Libereckého kraje." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2804.
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This thesis deals with the socio-economic development of the Liberec Region. In itself, the socio-economic progression is a very complex issue richly structured organizationally as well as institutionally. Matters regarding the realization of the socio-economic program were even more complicated by the completion of the second phase of the transformation of the public administration. The search for an optimal methodology for creating the strategic documentation together with tools for the realization of regional development plans is far from over. While the negotiation and approval of the strategic documentation is a complicated process, the realization of those plans is what causes most of the difficulties. In my opinion, the local Council of the Liberec Region has so far not been able to create adequate organizational and personnel capacity for the realization and the monitoring of the realization process of the existing documentation. The use of the EU funds for the realization of the plans as well as the cohesion policy of the Liberec region, just like the rest of the Czech Republic, in my opinion, is insufficient.
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Nyirabikali, Gaudence. "Promoting Socio-Economic Development through Regional Integration - The Politics of Regional Economic Communities in Africa." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-206.
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Regional integration has gained momentum since the 1980s and throughout the world. The new regionalism process prevailing since differs from the old one by its multidimensionality covering economic, political, social, and cultural issues within a regional setting. While the old regionalism focused on market protection using a range of tariff and non tariff barriers, the New Regionalism is reinforced by the globalisation effects and strives for efficiency in production, and market access. Using the New Regionalisms Approach, the aim of this thesis is to appreciate the actual levels of regional integration in Africa and explore plausible ways of deepening the integration process with the view that regional integration can promote socio-economic development, provided a pro-development approach is privileged in the conception and implementation of the regional integration process. Focusing on SADC as a representative regional economic community, a qualitative content analysis is used for data collection while policy analysis is carried out using the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. The results of this study reveal discrepancies between policy formulation and policy implementation when it comes to enhancing the pro-developmental aspects in the unfolding regional integration process. In spite that shortcomings in past experiences triggered dramatic structural reforms ranging from the reorganisation of the Organisation of African Unity into the African Union, the creation of NEPAD, to structural reforms within regional economic communities with the example of the 2001 restructuring of SADC, empirical evidence shows that little change has occurred at the operational level. Moreover, even policy formulation at the collective-action level still lacks concrete strategies and plans for harmonisation and implementation of regional initiatives. Some of the strategies for deepening the regional integration process would include prioritising regional commitments to external ones and improving policy formulation as well as establishing linkages between different regional policies and strategies.
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K, C. Birendra. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY OF COMMUNITY FORESTS IN MID HILLS REGION OF NEPAL." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/8.
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This research looks at some issues confronting community forestry in Nepal. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to analyze the issues confronting community forestry in mid hills region of Nepal. Results indicate that experts as well as local community users think positive aspects of community forestry to be more important than its negative aspects. In addition, through the comparison of three forest types, Alnus nepalensis found to be the most important forest type for conservation and Schima-Castanopsis to be the most important forest type for local benefits. Similarly, results also indicate that increase in carbon prices lengthen an optimal rotation age. Also, Land Expectation Value (LEV) increases substantially with the increase in carbon prices.
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Kazanovskaya, D. V., and Y. O. Pozhar. "Foregn direct investment as a factor of the region socio-economic development." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46930.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) is quite important element in social
and economic development of the region. The paper states that foreign
direct investment is one of the most common forms of international capital.
Interpretation of this concept is studied from different approaches. Various
authors shift the emphasis in their interpretations, but the essence of this
concept remains the same.
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Karas, Esin. "Socio-economic And Socio-political Developments In Palestine Under The British Mandate: 1917-1939." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610358/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the origins of the Arab-Jewish conflict and the historical evolvement of the Palestinian issue by focusing on the practices during the British mandate period. First and foremost, the factors which transformed the Jewish question into the Palestinian question are elaborated. In this context, the emergence of modern political Zionism is presented as the landmark incident in arousing the interest of the Jews dispersed all around the world in the colonization of their promised lands. Although the motive in initiating the colonizing activities in Palestine came with the advent of political Zionist thought, Jewish settlement in Palestine was materialized as a result of the development of British interests in the Middle East. The contradictory promises given to the Arabs and Jews by the British in the course of World War I are treated as the source of the conflict between them. It is stated that the Balfour Declaration, which is the manifestation of the British-Zionist alliance, is the preliminary step of the project of a Jewish state on Palestinian territories. In order to shed light on the implications of Zionist colonization on the Palestinian Arab society, first the socio-economic and socio-political circumstances in the Ottoman era are discussed. Later, the impact of the exclusivist policies of the Jews on communal relations is handled in detail. Moreover, the ways in which the pro-Zionist stance of the British mandate administration contributed to the nation-building efforts of the Jews are argued. Lastly, the causes and consequences of the sporadic Arab tensions, which broke out in 1920, 1921, 1929 and 1936 as a reaction against the British and Zionist policies, are analyzed.
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Ковальов, Богдан Леонідович, Богдан Леонидович Ковалев, Bohdan Leonidovych Kovalov, and A. G. Portianka. "Analysis of the socio-economic conditions of rural green tourism in Sumy region." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36167.
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Today ecotourism industry - one of the fastest growing and profitable sectors of the world economy. This is due to the continuing increase in demand for travel and the relatively high level of profitability. In most countries, ecotourism plays an important role in the economy.
In developed countries, tourists every year more and more eager for this form of travel that would allow them to be alone with nature, breathe fresh air, change (at least temporarily) the stereotypes of urban life.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36167
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Almetair, Amer Nasser. "The impact of socio-economic change on Saudi urban transportation, eastern region : female transportation." Thesis, Durham University, 1987. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1692/.
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Шкарупа, Олена Василівна, Елена Васильевна Шкарупа, Olena Vasylivna Shkarupa, Тетяна Миколаївна Майборода, Татьяна Николаевна Майборода, Tetyana Mayboroda, and Y. Kalchenko. "Scaling eco-innovations based on socio-economic effects in the "enterprise-region-state" system." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/80891.
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Матеріали Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції "Соціально-економічні виклики" присвячені пошуку системного вирішення мультидисциплінарних проблем у галузі сучасного розвитку, управління, адміністрування різних систем, корпоративної соціальної відповідальності, управління інноваціями в різних сферах природокористування.Материалы Международной научно-практической конференции "Социально-экономические вызовы" посвящены поиску системного решения междисциплинарных проблем в области современного развития, управления, администрирования различных систем, корпоративной социальной ответственности, управления инновациями в различных сферах экологического менеджмента.
Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Socio-Economic Challenges" are devoted to finding a systemic solution to multidisciplinary problems in the field of modern development, management, administration of various systems, corporate social responsibility, innovation management in various fields of environmental management.
Це дослідження є частиною наукового проекту "Моделювання трансферу екоінновацій у системі підприємство-регіон-держава: вплив на економічне зростання та безпеку України" (№ 0119U100364), що фінансується з державного бюджету України.
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潘建成 and Kin-shing Pun. "Transportation and socio-economic development in a resource-based region: the case of Hainan Island." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209968.
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Akinkugbe, Olabisi Delebayo. "Revisiting the Economic Community of West African States: A Socio-Legal Analysis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37040.
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Recent years have seen a growing scholarly interest in the conditions of emergence of regional trade agreements in Africa. These analyses have advanced our knowledge on a range of technical issues, from specific institutional transformation of regional economic communities such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to broad legal issues relating to the provisions of the regional trade agreements. Most literature on ECOWAS is, however, informed by legal formalism that interprets the text of the treaties strictly and without context, leading to a dominant interpretation of failure. By contrast, this thesis adopts a socio-legal approach and argues that the dominant narrative’s conceptualization of ECOWAS is narrow and under-representative of the broader contexts of the social relations in which ECOWAS Treaties and their implementation are embedded. The failure narratives do not adequately account for the complex social, historical, and political factors that shape the implementation of the ECOWAS Treaties. By combining socio-legal approach with insights from International Relations on new regionalism, the thesis reconceptualizes regionalism in ECOWAS as a social phenomenon. It approaches the ECOWAS Treaties as embedded in the socio-political relations, power struggles, and social structures of the Community. To differentiate the thesis from existing research on ECOWAS, it incorporates national, regional, and international factors in illuminating the complex and multifaceted confluence of circumstances that shape the implementation of the ECOWAS Treaties. Simultaneously, the thesis enriches our understanding of the theories of new regionalism by deepening the analysis in relation to ECOWAS. Seen from this perspective, the thesis concludes that ECOWAS cannot be regarded as a straightforward failure and that its achievements are not to be found primarily in economic integration but in other socio-political factors that it enabled. Finally, the analysis opens new opportunities for future normative analyses that interrogate the effectiveness of ECOWAS by taking into account the socio-political contexts in which it is embedded.
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Stavrou, Athanasia. "Socio-economic conditions in 14th and 15th century Thessalonike : a new approach." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1630/.
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The thesis deals with the socio-economic conditions prevailing in the city of Thessalonikê in the 14th and 15th centuries. One of the main aims is to address certain methodological issues linked to the period of transition from the Byzantine to the Ottoman Empire. In this effort, we have employed as an analytical tool the economic theory of New Institutional Economics, which lays significant importance in the study of the institutional framework of societies. The main strands of the thesis are two: firstly, the exploration of the ideological concerns, internal conflicts and response of the Thessalonian society to the changing political environment until the final subjection of the city to the Ottoman Turks in 1430. Secondly, the behaviour of the Thessalonian elite in terms of social and economic practice through an examination of its relationship with the Athonite monasteries and the Late Byzantine state. Our ultimate goal is to shed light on the way provincial elite of Thessalonikê adapted to the political and economic conditions that prevailed in the Late Byzantine period.
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Van, der Merwe Schalk Willem Jacobus. "Local and sub-regional socio-economic and environmental impact of large-scale resort development." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1658.
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JOHNSON, TARA A. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES IN THE SUCCESSFUL ADAPTIVE REUSE OF CHURCHES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085769250.
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Kegley, Michele Dawn. "Socio-Economic Stability and Independence of Appalachian Women." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1327600618.
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Пересадько, Галина Олександрівна, Галина Александровна Пересадько, Halyna Oleksandrivna Peresadko, Юлія Григорівна Лапіна, Юлия Григорьевна Лапина, Yuliia Hryhorivna Lapina, Р. В. Пархоменко, and Б. А. Москаленко. "Проблеми та перспективи соціально-економічного розвитку регіону." Thesis, Сумський національний аграрний університет, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63155.
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В індикаторах успіху зазначено стабілізацію державного боргу як части ВВП на рівні 45%, проте, на теперішній час цей показник становить 34,6%. Відповідно до мети і завдання даної програми даний показник повинен знижуватись, а не зростати. Отже, слід узгодити індикатори успіху виконання програми й мету програми. У програмі економічних реформ не передбачено дій з покращення демографічної ситуації в країні. Слід передбачити дії із стимулювання народжуваності через податкові пільги для батьків, державну підтримку молодих сімей та інші заходи.In accordance with a purpose and task of this program this index must go down, but not grow. Consequently, it follows to co-ordinate the indicators of success of implementation of the program and purpose programs. In the program of economic reforms it is not foreseen operating under the improvement of demographic situation in a country. It follows to foresee actions from stimulation of birth-rate through tax deductions for parents, state support of young monogynopaediums and other measures.
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Oberholzer, Susan. "The socio-economic impact of the Tsitsikamma National Park / S. Oberholzer." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4284.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objective of this study was to determine the socio-economic impact of the
Tsitsikamma National Park. Secondly, to determine the relationship between the
community's level of interest in the Tsitsikamma National Park (TNP) and their perceptions
concerning the environmental, economic and social impacts of the TNP.
By conducting a literature study, the first objective was achieved. The following tourism
impacts were identified: environmental, economic and social. These impacts, both positive
and negative, were measured by means of a questionnaire. The goal of the questionnaire
was to measure the communities' perceptions concerning the Tsitsikamma National Park
and its impact on the local economy. Based on this, the aspects that needed clarity were the
economic (monetary) value of the TNP in terms of tourists and park management spending
as well as the size of the multiplier effect. Furthermore, the residents' perceptions regarding
the TNP were identified as well as the benefits received from the TNP.
Three surveys were conducted to achieve the goal of this study: a community survey
(among the local residents of Nature's Valley and Storms River Village) to measure the
tourism impacts; a business survey (including penrnanent local businesses in and around the
TNP), and a visitor survey (tourists visiting the TNP) to measure the economic impacts as a
result of the TNP. A total of 299 questionnaires were completed of which 132 represented
the community survey, 11 the business survey and 156 the visitors' survey.
Firstly, partial multipliers were derived through a process of iteration to determine the
economic impact of the Tsitsikamma National Park. The total impact of the Tsitsikamma
National Park on the local economy resulted in total spending being R45 359 784, an output
effect of R50 002793, and finally an income effect of R21 723 510. Therefore, it was found
that the TNP has a positive economic impact.
Secondly, effect sizes were calculated, which involved the difference in means to determine
the relationships between tourism impacts and product interest from the communities'
perspectives. It was found that residents who visit the TNP more often have a more positive attitude towards the Tt\IP, which is important for the sustainability of the TNP as well as
building positive relationships with the community. The positive impacts due to TNP that
were found can be divided into three categories. Firstly, environmental impacts included
improving the appearance of the area, conservation of natural resources, sustainability of the
natural environment, increased awareness of nature, improvement of knowledge and
preservation of water areas for recreation purposes. Secondly, positive economic impacts
included an increase in employment opportunities, more investors focused on development
in the surrounding areas, business development and tourism is promoted and money spent
by tourists stimulates the economy. Lastly the positive social impacts that were identified
included opportunities to relax and the park provides opportunities for people to have fun with their families and friends.Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Awad, Abdel Halem Mohamed Ahmed. "Environmental and socio-economic assessment of arid land farming a case from Lake Nasser Region in Egypt." Weikersheim Margraf, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2866184&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Orozalieva, Karina. "Impact of globalization on socio-economic and political development of the Central Asian countries." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1730.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this thesis is to understand the economic, social and political impacts of globalization on the Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Central Asian countries in general. The empirical studies based on panel data analyses and the case study on Kyrgyzstan demonstrate that the socio-economic effect of globalization on development of these countries is twofold. On the one hand benefits produced by globalization such as migration and remittances can be useful for economic development in the short run. They take a role of a "shock absorber" of the challenges that are associated with transition to a free market economy. On the other hand, their long term economic impacts can be negative especially in the areas of industry and export. Moreover, it can have a negative effect in the future creating a loss of human capital and distorting traditional forms of social structures within societies. The political impact of globalization is also dual.
The empirical analysis that is based on simple regression analysis demonstrates that adoption of liberal democracy model by Central Asian governments is not a necessary condition for successful economic growth. Countries can be democratic and have low or medium socio-economic development such as India or Ukraine. They also can be undemocratic and developed as China or Kazakhstan. To find a certain connection between democracy and development it is needed to look at other important economic, geo-political and social factors that can contribute to the development. On the other hand regional and global challenges produced by globalization forced Central Asian countries to find a political position that would satisfy interests of inside and outside actors as well as provide proper environment for stable political and economic development.
The descriptive analysis demonstrates that Central Asian countries chose the path of political integration and cooperation by being involved in regional institutions such as SCO and EEC. This strategy can help them to withstand challenges produced by globalization and promote political stability and economic growth in the region.
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Peers, Justin. "A Systematic Assessment of Socio-Economic Impacts of Prolonged Episodic Volcano Crises." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3580.
Full textAbstract:
Uncertainty surrounding volcanic activity can lead to socio-economic crises with or without an eruption as demonstrated by the post-1978 response to unrest of Long Valley Caldera (LVC), CA. Extensive research in physical sciences provides a foundation on which to assess direct impacts of hazards, but fewer resources have been dedicated towards understanding human responses to volcanic risk. To evaluate natural hazard risk issues at LVC, a multi-hazard, mail-based, household survey was conducted to compare perceptions of volcanic, seismic, and wildfire hazards. Impacts of volcanic activity on housing prices and businesses were examined at the county-level for three volcanoes with a “very high” threat designation from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); LVC, (caldera system), Mount St. Helens, WA (stratovolcano), and Kīlauea, HI (shield volcano). A negative relationship was found between volcanic risk perception and preparedness. Additionally, the perception that housing prices declined after volcano alerts was confirmed by econometric modeling.
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Stanev, Stanev Kaloyan. "Political instability and regional transformations in the Balkans. Railways, population and socio-economic indicators of uneven regional development: 1880 - 2000." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51087.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta tesi explora el creixement regional desigual, el desenvolupament de la xarxa urbana i
l'evolució dels ferrocarrils Als Balcans, una de les regions més diverses i turbulentes d'Europa. Els Estats
inclosos en l'estudi són Albània, Bòsnia i Hercegovina, Bulgària, Croàcia, Grècia, Macedònia,
Montenegro, Romania, Sèrbia, Eslovènia i Kosovo. Durant els segles XIX i XX, els Estats dels Balcans
es van sotmetre a diverses transformacions polítiques radicals que van alterar profundament el seu
desenvolupament socioeconòmic. La hipòtesi de l'estudi és que aquests canvis també van afectar a la
geografia econòmica i la distribució espacial de la població a la regió. Per això, endinsar-se en la història
moderna dels Estats dels Balcans és una oportunitat valuosa per estudiar els principals determinants dels
desequilibris en el creixement regional.
Les correlacions entre els esdeveniments polítics i el desenvolupament territorial il·lustren i
s'analitzen a través de la base de dades especialment creada per a aquest estudi. La base inclou informació
històrica i geogràfica de transport: com la modificació de les fronteres nacionals i regionals, i el
desenvolupament de la xarxa ferroviària, i dades socioeconòmiques com ara: l'evolució de les taxes
d'urbanització i la densitat a nivell regional i el creixement de les ciutats. La creació de la base de dades
permet l'establiment d'una visió integrada, a llarg termini sobre el desenvolupament espacial de la regió i
facilita l'anàlisi dels canvis regionals i ajustaments espacials a finals del segle XIX i XX. L'anàlisi ofereix
observacions importants sobre el mecanisme de formació de la geografia econòmica dels estats en
construcció o en transició.
La tesi s'estructura en cinc capítols escrits en forma d'articles. Els tres primers capítols ofereixen
estudis nacionals sobre el desenvolupament regional i urbà de Bulgària, Romania i l'ex-Iugoslàvia i els
seus estats successors en els últims 100-130 anys. Es van posar de manifest les notables similituds en la
formació espacial de les noves economies nacionals després de la dissolució de l'Imperi Austro-hongarès i
l'Imperi Otomà. El quart capítol analitza l'evolució espacial de tota la península durant el segle XX. I
l'últim capítol es centra en la transformació estructural de l'economia de Bulgària.
En general, l'experiència dels Balcans il.lustra com, en els Estats de recent creació o en procés de
formació amb una economia preindustrial, les institucions polítiques juguen un paper important en la
determinació del desenvolupament i les tendències de la desigualtat regional. En general, en els estats
balcànics subdesenvolupats i majoritàriament centralitzats, la iniciativa privada ha jugat un paper
secundari. Les fronteres polítiques i el marc institucional han estat els principals determinants sobre les
desigualtats en el creixement regional. Aquesta conclusió es veu confirmada per les dades sobre els
sectors d'ocupació de Bulgària. Els governs van ser capaços d'influir de manera significativa en el
desenvolupament regional, mitjançant inversions relativament petites en la infraestructura del transport
que van tenir importants efectes a llarg termini a causa de l'efecte dels rendiments creixents. Els petits
avantatges durant el període pre-industrial, en forma d'importància política i administrativa o accés
ferroviari, van tenir efectes duradors sobre la geografia econòmica. Més tard, les transformacions
econòmiques i polítiques van tenir menor efecte sobre la geografia econòmica de les nacions balcàniques
perquè els beneficiaris del creixement econòmic van ser principalment les ciutats i les regions ja
desenvolupades.
.Esta tesis explora el crecimiento desigual regional, el desarrollo de la red urbana y la evolución de los ferrocarriles en los Balcanes, una de las regiones más diversas y turbulentas de Europa. Los países incluidos en el estudio son Albania, Bosnia y Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croacia, Grecia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Rumania, Serbia, Eslovenia y Kosovo. Durante los siglos XIX y XX, estos estados se sometieron a varias transformaciones políticas radicales que alteraron profundamente su desarrollo socioeconómico. La hipótesis del estudio es que estos cambios también afectaron a la geografía económica y la distribución espacial de la población en la región. Por ello, historia moderna de los Estados de los Balcanes es una oportunidad valiosa para estudiar los principales determinantes de los desequilibrios en el crecimiento regional. Las correlaciones entre los acontecimientos políticos y de desarrollo territorial se ilustran y analizan a través de lo creado especialmente para este estudio base de datos. La base incluye información histórica y geográfica de transporte: como la modificación de las fronteras nacionales y regionales, y el desarrollo de la red ferroviaria, y datos socio-económicos tales como: la evolución de las tasas de urbanización y la densidad a nivel regional y el crecimiento de las ciudades. La creación de la base de datos permite el establecimiento de una visión integrada, a largo plazo sobre el desarrollo espacial de la región y facilita el análisis de los cambios regionales y ajustes espaciales a finales del siglo XIX y XX. El análisis ofrece observaciones importantes sobre el mecanismo de formación de la geografía económica de los estados en construcción o en transición. La tesis se estructura en cinco capítulos escritos en forma de artículos. Los tres primeros capítulos ofrecen estudios nacionales sobre el desarrollo regional y urbano de Bulgaria, Rumania y la ex Yugoslavia. Se puso de manifiesto las notables similitudes en la formación espacial de las nuevas economías nacionales después de la disolución del Imperio Austro-Hungría y el Imperio Otomano. El cuarto capítulo analiza la evolución espacial de toda la península durante el siglo XX. Y el último capítulo se centra en la transformación estructural de la economía de Bulgaria. La experiencia de los Balcanes ilustra cómo, en los estados de reciente creación o en proceso de formación con una economía preindustrial, las instituciones políticas juegan un papel importante en la determinación del desarrollo y las tendencias de la desigualdad regional. En general, en los estados balcánicos subdesarrollados y mayoritariamente centralizados, la iniciativa privada ha jugado un papel secundario. Las fronteras políticas y el marco institucional han sido los principales determinantes sobre las desigualdades en el crecimiento regional. Esta conclusión se ve confirmada por los datos sobre los sectores de ocupación de Bulgaria. Los gobiernos fueron capaces de influir de manera significativa en el desarrollo regional, mediante inversiones relativamente pequeñas en la infraestructura del transporte que tuvieron importantes efectos a largo plazo debido al efecto de los rendimientos crecientes. Las pequeñas ventajas iniciales durante el período pre-industrial, en la forma de importancia política y administrativa o acceso ferroviario, tuvieron efectos duraderos sobre la geografía económica. Más tarde, las transformaciones económicas y políticas tuvieron menor efecto sobre la geografía económica de las naciones balcánicas porque los beneficiarios del crecimiento económico fueron principalmente las ciudades y las regiones ya desarrolladas.
This thesis explores the uneven regional growth, the development of the urban network and the evolution of the railroads in the Balkans- one of the most diverse and turbulent regions of Europe. The states included in the study are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Kosovo. During the 19th and 20th centuries, these states underwent several radical political transformations that altered profoundly their socioeconomic development. The hypothesis of the current study is that these changes also affected the economic geography and the spatial distribution of the population in the region, and therefore the modern history of the Balkans provides a valuable opportunity to study the main determinants for the uneven regional growth. The correlations between political events and spatial development are illustrated and analyzed with the use of the created for the purposes of the study database. It includes historical geographical and transport information: like the changes to the national and regional borders, and the development of the railway network, and socioeconomic data: such as the evolution of urbanization and density rates at regional level, and the growth of the cities. The final result is a database with internationally comparable historical and geographical information covering the entire Balkan Peninsula, which therefore permits, for the first time, the establishment of an integrated, long run vision over the spatial development of the states in the peninsula. The thesis is organized into five chapters written in the form of articles. The first three chapters present national studies of the regional and urban development of Bulgaria, Romania and former Yugoslavia during the last 100-130 years. The results revealed remarkable similarities in the spatial formation of the new national economies after the dissolutions of Austro-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. The fourth chapter explores the spatial trends of the entire peninsula during the 20th century. The last chapter focuses on the structural transformation of the Bulgarian economy. Overall, the experience of the Balkans illustrates how, in newly established pre-industrial states or in those in the process of formation, political institutions can play a major role in determining the trends of the spatial inequality. By and large, in the underdeveloped and predominantly centralized Balkans, private initiative has played lesser role and political borders and the institutional framework have been the main determinants for the uneven regional growth. The governments were able to influence significantly the regional development; by making relatively small investments in transport infrastructure which had significant effects in long run due to the self-enforcing nature of increasing returns. The small initial advantages during the preindustrial period, in the form of political and administrative importance or railway access, had a lasting effect over the economic geography. Later economic and political transformations were followed by a visible increase of the regional and spatial disparities; however they had lesser effect on the economic geography of the Balkan nations, as the principal benefiters of the economic growth were the already developed cities and regions.
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Novy, Andreas, Lukas Lengauer, and de Souza Daniela Coimbra. "Vienna in an emerging trans-border region. Socioeconomic development in Central Europe." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/832/1/document.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing upon a periodisation of socio-economic development based on the regulation approach, the paper conducts a historical spatial development analysis of Vienna in its broader territory and multi-level perspective. The National context and the East-West cleavages mark the geography of the study. This periodisation is the basis to understand the strategies of Vienna in changing territorialities, the social forces and discourses that are reflected in the present context of Europeanisation, internationalisation and integration of border regions. A critical institutionalist approach is used to analyse the hegemonic liberal and populist discourses and strategies. The lessons taken in this section build the path to outline windows of opportunity for progressive politics, which are sketch out in the last section of the article. The ideas exposed in the paper are partial results of broader research carried out in the frame of DEMOLOGOS, an EU financed project. (authors' abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Ritter, Josias Manuel Gisbert. "Assessing the socio-economic impacts of flash floods for early warning at regional, national, and continental scales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673606.
Full textAbstract:
Flash floods are one of the most devastating natural hazards, claiming numerous lives and tremendous economic losses. One of the main reasons for their catastrophic potential is the limited time available for precautionary measures, such as warnings or evacuations. Early warning systems (EWSs) play a key role for emergency managers to react in a timely manner to upcoming floods and effectively mitigate the impacts. This thesis explores possibilities to enhance the methods available for flash flood early warning and thus improve the operational decision support.
While a variety of existing methods aims at the prediction of the hazard component of flash floods (e.g. the peak streamflow), an increasing number of EWS developers and end-users have recognised the potential of tools that automatically translate the flash flood hazard forecasts into the expected socio-economic impacts (e.g. the population affected). These so-called impact forecasts enable more objective and rapid decisions, ultimately leading to a more effective flood response. While for fluvial floods, impact forecasts have been available for several years and over various spatial scales, the existing approaches for flash floods have been limited to a small number of prototypes focusing on individual catchments or relatively small regions. These small-scale approaches can be useful for the coordination of local emergency measures, but their potential is limited for supporting the decisions of authorities operating over larger domains (e.g. regional, national, or international civil protection mechanisms).
The main goal of this thesis has been to extend the available decision support by applying the concept of flash flood impact forecasting over large spatial scales. Two methods have been developed for estimating the impacts in real time, named ReAFFIRM and ReAFFINE. The two methods take into account that emergency services operating at different spatial scales require different kinds of real-time information to make informed decisions: ReAFFIRM provides detailed impact estimates in high resolution to support regional or national authorities in the coordination of location-specific emergency measures (e.g. evacuations), whereas ReAFFINE generates order-of-magnitude impact estimates with pan-European coverage that can be useful for end-users operating across regions or countries.
The application of ReAFFIRM and ReAFFINE for a number of past flood events has demonstrated their capabilities to identify flash flood impacts in real time over the different spatial scales. The developed algorithms have a moderate computational cost and require only datasets that are available throughout the EU, which facilitates the real-time implementation of the methods and their integration into the operational procedures of end-users across Europe.
An additional objective of this thesis has been to explore a more integrated perspective of flood early warning. Traditionally, EWSs are designed separately for the different physical processes that lead to flooding (i.e. individual systems for fluvial, pluvial, coastal, and flash floods). This means that the end-users need to monitor a number of separate flood forecasts with potentially even contradicting outputs. Especially during events in which different flood types coincide (so-called compound floods), this can be time-consuming and confusing. The decision support could be significantly simplified by automatically integrating the forecasts of different flood types into an overall compound flood forecast. This idea has been explored through the analysis of a recent catastrophic compound flood, for which the impact estimates from ReAFFIRM have been combined with those from a system designed for fluvial floods. The combined performance of the methods has shown to be superior to the individual performances, clearly demonstrating the potential of such integrated approaches for improving the decision support.Las avenidas torrenciales son una de las amenazas naturales más devastadoras, causando numerosas víctimas y enormes pérdidas económicas. Los sistemas de alerta temprana (SAT) juegan un papel clave para que los servicios de emergencia puedan reaccionar de manera oportuna y mitigar con eficacia los impactos. Esta tesis explora diferentes posibilidades de ampliar los métodos disponibles para la alerta temprana de avenidas torrenciales, con el objetivo de mejorar la toma de decisiones de los servicios de emergencia. Una variedad de métodos se dedica a la predicción del componente de amenaza de las avenidas repentinas (e.g. los caudales máximos instantáneos). No obstante, un número creciente de desarrolladores de SAT y usuarios finales han reconocido el potencial de herramientas que traducen automáticamente estos pronósticos de amenaza en impactos socioeconómicos (e.g. la cantidad de población afectada). Estas predicciones de impacto permiten tomar decisiones más objetivas y rápidas, que conducen a una respuesta más eficaz ante las avenidas y sus consecuencias. Los estudios realizados para la predicción del impacto de avenidas torrenciales han sido limitados a unos pocos prototipos que se enfocan en cuencas individuales o regiones relativamente pequeñas que pueden resultar útiles para la coordinación de medidas de emergencia locales, pero su potencial es limitado para apoyar las decisiones de las autoridades que actúan en dominios más amplios (e.g. autoridades de protección civil regionales, nacionales o europeas). El objetivo principal de esta tesis ha sido extender el apoyo a la toma de decisiones disponible mediante la aplicación del concepto de previsión del impacto de avenidas torrenciales en grandes escalas espaciales. Para ello, se desarrollaron dos métodos para estimar los impactos en tiempo real: ReAFFIRM y ReAFFINE. ReAFFIRM proporciona estimaciones de impacto detalladas y en alta resolución para dar apoyo a las autoridades regionales o nacionales en la coordinación de medidas de emergencia específicas (e.g. evacuaciones), mientras que ReAFFINE genera estimaciones de impacto en órdenes de magnitud con cobertura paneuropea que resultan útiles para los usuarios finales que actúan en grandes dominios espaciales. El uso de ReAFFIRM y ReAFFINE para una serie de inundaciones pasadas ha demostrado su capacidad para identificar los impactos de las avenidas torrenciales en tiempo real y en diferentes escalas espaciales. Los algoritmos desarrollados tienen un coste computacional moderado y solo requieren datos que están disponibles en toda la UE, permitiendo su implementación e integración en los procedimientos operativos de varios usuarios finales en toda Europa. Un objetivo adicional de esta tesis ha sido explorar una perspectiva más integrada de la alerta temprana de inundaciones. Tradicionalmente, los SAT son diseñados por separado para los diferentes procesos físicos que pueden resultar en inundaciones. Esto significa que los usuarios finales deben monitorear una serie de pronósticos de inundaciones por separado con resultados que podrían resultar potencialmente contradictorios, especialmente durante eventos en los que coincidan diferentes tipos de inundaciones (también llamadas inundaciones compuestas). Lo anterior puede alargar los tiempos de respuesta, generar confusión y, en última instancia, impedir una respuesta de emergencia eficaz. El apoyo a la toma de decisiones podría ser simplificada significativamente y de manera automática mediante la integración de los SAT de diferentes tipos de inundaciones en un único pronóstico que las englobe. Esta idea se explora a través de la combinación de las estimaciones de impacto de ReAFFIRM con las de un sistema diseñado para inundaciones fluviales. El rendimiento de ambos métodos combinados ha demostrado ser superior al de cada uno de manera individual, indicando el potencial de combinar el pronóstico de impacto por inundaciones
Enginyeria civil
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Tettey, Christian. "URBANIZATION IN AFRICA IN RELATION TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A MULTIFACETED QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1124911124.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Urban Studies and Public Affairs, 2005."August, 2005." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 01/14/2006) Advisor, Ashok K. Dutt; Committee members, Peter Leahy, Nancy Grant, Lathardus Goggins, Helen Liggett, Carolyn Behrman; Department Chair, Raymond Cox; Dean of the College, Charles B. Monroe; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Crête, Philippe. "Agro-pastoralists turned fishermen : socio-economic and environmental changes in the buffer zone of Coiba National Park, Panama." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97937.
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In upcoming decades, the conservation and sustainable use of coastal and marine resources will become a major political and environmental challenge, as two-thirds of the world's population lives in coastal zones. The issue will likely become more problematic in developing countries, where an important number of coastal inhabitants still rely on marginal extractive activities such as fishing, farming and cattle ranching for subsistence, and where the rural poor's demand for development often lead to unsustainable extractive practices. Thus, innovative solutions need to be developed to ensure the long-term conservation and sound management of marine and coastal resources. This Masters thesis addresses the case of Coiba National Park, a marine protected area located in the Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama, and its relationship with coastal fishing and farming communities located at its outskirt. Particularly, this thesis aims to discover the drivers that pushed an important number of coastal agro-pastoralists of Coiba National Park's buffer zone to switch to artisanal fishing over the past three decades, and to determine the social, economic, and environmental impacts that resulted from that switch. In addition, this thesis analyses the relationship between Coiba National Park's authorities and buffer zone communities, and how this relationship has evolved over the years as more and more resource-users exploit the marine resources of the park. Finally, this work analyses Coiba National Park's current management strategy, how park authorities have been able to adapt their planning and management activities over the years, and explores alternatives to improve Coiba National Park's management strategy so that it can better adapt to the ever changing social, economic, and environmental conditions in which Coiba National Park's buffer zone operates.
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Ekane, Bellewang Nelson. "Socio-economic impact of Prunus africana management in the Mount Cameroon region : A case study of the Bokwoango community." Thesis, KTH, Urban Planning and Environment, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3968.
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In most developing countries, forest resources are a major source of livelihood for forest dwellers. Forests provide fuel wood, farm products, meat, timber and plants of high medicinal value, including Prunus africana. The collection of medicinal plants is also an important source of cash income for some forest communities, and widely relied on to cure illnesses (Poffenberger, 1993). Because of this, the poor forest dwellers in particular are forced to exert pressure on their surrounding environment to make ends meet. Indiscriminate exploitation of forest resources has cost some forest dwellers dearly as they are now experiencing marked reduction of wildlife, forest cover, soil fertility and most importantly water supply, which is a key to life. Prunus africana has a very high economic and medicinal value locally as well as internationally. The exploitation of this species is a very profitable activity in most parts of Africa where it occurs, including the Mount Cameroon region. In recent years, most youths and young men in the Mount Cameroon region have seemingly become less interested in their usual income generating activities (farming, hunting, etc.) because of reduced productivity and have taken up Prunus harvesting as their major source of income. Increase in demand for this species by the French pharmaceutical company (Plantecam), weak institutional capacity to control exploitation, uncontrolled access into the forest, scramble for diminished stock by legal and illegal exploiters, destruction of wild stock by unsustainable practices, and insufficient regeneration of the species in the past have almost driven this species to extinction in certain parts of Cameroon and made it severely threatened in others. Prunus africana is presently threatened with extinction in the entire Mount Cameroon region. In response to this, the Mount Cameroon Project (MCP) and the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MINEF) helped some communities (Bokwoango and Mapanja) in the Mount Cameroon region to form Prunus africana harvesters’ unions with the aim of preserving the resource and improving the socio-economic benefits. The principal aim of the Bokwoango Prunus africana harvesters’ union is to ensure sustainable exploitation of Prunus africana while saving money for important development projects for individual members, their families and the entire community. This piece of work highlights the different facets of Prunus africana management in Cameroon in general and the Bokwoango community in particular. The study examines the socio-economic impact of Prunus africana management in the Bokwoango community and shows specifically the management role played by the Bokwoango Prunus africana harvesters’ union to reduce the rate of exploitation of Prunus africana and also to ensure benefit sharing of the earnings from sales of Prunus bark. It at the same time brings out the constraints encountered by harvesters as well as the opportunities that can make the union become more viable to the socio-economic development of the Bokwoango community. Results of this study show that for the short period that the Bokwoango Prunus africana harvesters’ union has existed, the socio-economic changes in this community are encouraging if one compares the present situation with that before the formation of the union. Most importantly, there has been increased awareness on the great need to conserve not only the threatened Prunus africana species but also other threatened plant and animal species in the region through sustainable hunting, harvesting and regeneration. Some proposals are made for efficient natural resource management and improvements on livelihood through alternative income generating activities. The study ends with recommendations for policy and institutional reforms as well as suggestions for further research in sustainable management of Prunus africana.
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Samman, Emma. "The spatial distribution of income and its socio-economic effects in the Santiago municipal region of Chile, 1990-2003." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496641.
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Tuck, Sarah Jane. "Socio-economic aspects of commercial ports and wharves in Southwest England : a grounded theory approach to regional competitiveness." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2123.
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The Southwest Region, as defined by the SW Regional Development Agency, forms an extended peninsula with a coastline of 1,020 km, the longest of any region in England. All along this coastline are fishing ports, commercial ports, small wharves, closed ports, ferry ports and leisure ports. Amongst the smallest are a dozen tidal ports, tiny harbours and rocky wharfs that still maintain a commercial trade of local and environmental significance. According to most theories of port development these ports should close, being forced out of business by larger, more efficient ports. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen people who were involved with five small ports or port areas in the Southwest region. They represented commercial, local government or local resident interests. The research was carried out using grounded theory methodology, which aims to create theory through inductive analysis of the data. An ecological theory of port competition emerged, which explains how a small port succeeds because it is adapted to a market niche within which it enjoys a unique competitive advantage. Small ports are, however, extremely vulnerable to relatively small changes in the external environment, especially as port town land has a high opportunity cost in terms of the housing, retail and leisure developments that could profitably be made on the land. The institutional environment (including the support of the local council) and economic environment are the two most important indicators for the success or failure of a small port. In terms of regional competitiveness, a small port contributes to the competitiveness of its region as a business in the traded sector and a facilitator of traded businesses. In terms of clustering, a small port appears to belong more to a cluster of industries around agricultural products, fish products, supplies distribution, wholesaling transportation and logistics services, than to the obvious 'marine' clusters of ship fabrication or marine leisure.
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Kronenberg, Kai. "A quantity-quality framework for measuring the regional socio-economic impact of tourism : The case of Jämtland Härjedalen." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomi, geografi, juridik och turism, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-37746.
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Measuring the economic effects of tourism has always been a high priority for private and public actors in the regional economy (Stabler et al 2009). These estimates provide insights about the generation of sales, jobs, and income associated with tourism, but also support industry officials in the regional development agenda. Measuring tourism’s economic impact in a region typically involves economic impact models that capture both primary and secondary effects (Comerio and Strozzi 2019). However, results gained from these models are limited in regards to highly aggregated and growth-oriented indicators on the macro-level. These economic impact models ‘fulfil’ their purpose in incorporating the assumptions of mainstream economics and in focusing on macro-level indicators related to economic growth (Elsner 2017). That involves the risk that important socio-economic aspects, such as the distribution of income, are less considered in regional tourism development agendas. Even so-called ‘advanced’ models neglect distributional dimensions in estimating the impact of tourism (Lee 2009). Accordingly, a growing body of literature starts criticizing mainstream economics’ modelling assumptions and its narrow view on economic growth (Söderbaum 2017). Instead, economic analyses should put more focus multi-dimensional perspectives, including the institutional (i.e. meso-level) perspective in addition to the traditional macro- and micro view (Dopfer et al. 2004). Furthermore, various forms of inequalities are identified to typically hamper regional development from a socio-economic point of view (Moulaert and Nussbaumer 2005a). Against this background, the aim of this thesis is to propose a framework that extends traditional economic impact approaches and allows the measurement of tourism impact from a broader socio-economic perspective. The approach in this thesis comprises a macro as well as a meso level analysis and utilizes a mixed-method approach (Dopfer et al. 2004; Khoo-Lattimore et al. 2017). More concretely, the traditional economic impact methodology is further developed in order to estimate disaggregated employment and income effects for specific occupations, and to estimate the income distribution across occupations in major tourism sectors. This analysis is conducted for the county of Jämtland and comprises the period + time (Daniels et al. 2004). A series of interviews with major regional industry- and policy representatives complements the impact analysis from the meso-level perspective. By doing so, the institutional perspectives helped identifying potential reasons for variations in occupation and income developments in tourism. Findings show that the traditional way of analysing tourism’s impacts does not only provide the full picture of the impacts, but also even gives potentially misleading information. While, in general, the tourism industry benefits from annually growing arrival numbers in terms of sales, the income level of the tourism workforce remains among the lowest in the entire regional economy. In addition, the income inequality across occupations in the main tourism sector accommodation & food is increasing, indicating a negative trend in the industry. This can be partly attributed to decreasing union membership rates, short-term career perspectives, and increasing shares of occupations without requirements for higher education. Like in other branches, the role of education in the tourism industry is particularly important to overcome these trends. This study shows that extending traditional ways of analysing the economic impact of tourism by incorporating additional socio-economic dimensions contributes to a better understanding the socio-economic sustainability of the regional tourism industry. By putting the focus away from pure growth-driven indicators, this approach proposes an alternative way for measuring tourism’s impacts, which can, hopefully, be implemented and institutionalized in the future.
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Prosapio, Luci Katherine. "The impact of socio-economic development initiatives on the perceptions of wine farm labourers in the Cape Town wine region." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021013.
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The South African wine industry faces unique challenges in the socio-economic development of its farm labourers due to its historical context and development over the past three centuries. A long history of malpractice, a lasting paternalistic mentality, and only partial compliance to regulations to reduce inequality and improve livelihoods for farm labourers hinders the success of industry-wide transformation. Despite studies regarding the current state of living and working conditions in the wine industry and types of socio-economic development needed for successful transformation, little research has been done to address whether these initiatives are creating a lasting impact on the well-being of labourers. Research on current intervention strategies aimed at empowering labourers must take into account the origin of wine in the Cape region, the legacy of Apartheid, and the current state of socio-economic inequality amongst wine industry workers. The purpose of this research is to provide a better understanding of how and to what degree initiatives and programmes designed for socio-economic development are actually making an impact within the industry. The central research question asks: “to what extent has socio-economic development initiatives aimed at the transformation of wine farm labourers influenced perceptions of well-being?” This research combines both document analysis and qualitative comparative case study methods in assessing the impact these initiatives have had on labourers’ perceptions and attitudes towards personal development and a better standard of living. At the end of the study, the researcher wants to know how the labourers perceive socio-economic initiatives; do they actually believe themselves has having gained increased levels of respect, dignity, and equality, and have these perceptions been impacted by current socio-economic initiatives?.
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Hagel, Heinrich [Verfasser], and Reiner [Akademischer Betreuer] Doluschitz. "Socio-economic benefits and limitations of irrigated family farming in Brazils semi-arid region / Heinrich Hagel ; Betreuer: Reiner Doluschitz." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1127110888/34.
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Nyama, Dipontsheng Merriam. "The effect of literacy levels on parental involvement in selected primary schools in the Qwa Qwa region / Dipontsheng Merriam Nyama." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7258.
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Parents are considered to be important and indispensable stakeholders in education. Research shows that parental involvement in the education of their children is a crucial matter as it contributes directly to the learners’ academic achievement. This study intended to investigate the possible effects of parents’ literacy levels on their involvement in the education and the academic achievement of their children. Approached from a constructivist point of view, the study specifically focused on schools situated in the rural areas of the Qwa Qwa region. The rationale for choosing the particular geographical focus was that it is frequently argued that learners educated in rural environments often find themselves in disadvantaged situations since their parents are financially poor, that they lack proper formal education and thus have low literacy levels, and that they are seldom involved in their children’s education and academic achievement. In order to direct the study towards the intended purpose, a literature study was undertaken to explore the phenomena of literacy and parental involvement. Literacy, its occurrence in the South African context and how parents’ literacy levels relate to learner performance were examined. In addition, parental involvement was investigated by considering the parents’ role as primary educators and by highlighting the importance of parental involvement in terms of its benefits towards children’s education and academic performance. By means of a qualitative case study, individual and focus group interviews were conducted with purposeful selected Head of Departments (HODs), parents and learners from four conveniently selected intermediate schools in the Thabo Mofutsanyana District of the Qwa Qwa region. In total four HODs, 14 parent couples and 14 Grade 6 learners participated in the research. The results of this research show that the parents’ literacy levels indeed affect their involvement in their children’s education and academic achievement. Parents with low literacy levels appear that they want to be involved but that they find it difficult. Most parents with low literacy levels are not able to assist their children with schoolwork but depend on others, such as older siblings to assist. Furthermore the research reveals that parents do not often visit schools voluntarily but that they rather do so by invitation. However, relations between schools and parents appear to be healthy and the attitudes of parents towards their children’s education are positive. Although parents with low literacy levels cannot always assist their children with their schoolwork, they motivate and value the education of their children since they realize that education remains the vehicle for social-economic development in any society.Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011
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Akhtar, Waheed. "Understanding Madrassah Education and Its Impacts. A Case Study of Chach (Attock) region in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5659.
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In recent years, madrassahs and their education systems in many developing countries - and specifically in Pakistan - have attracted much attention from researchers and policymakers at the local and international level. The main focus has been on the reform of madrassahs, their political activism and, more specifically, studies which attempted to investigate their alleged links with militancy. Moreover, madrassah education has been questioned for its relevance to the contemporary needs of individuals and societies. However, despite focusing on many dimensions of madrassahs, few studies have tried to understand madrassah education within the economic, socio-religious and cultural context of Pakistan. A number of publications have reached generalised conclusions about the madrassah education system in Pakistan. Inspired by this, and by adopting qualitative research methods, this study focused on two main research questions:(a) Why do people prefer a madrassah education and what type of factors shape their preference? (b) What are the socio-economic impacts of a madrassah education on individuals and at community level? Researcher conducted a field study of more than six months in the Chach (Attock) region of Pakistan. Different students, parents, madrassah teachers and key informants were interviewed to collect required informations. The findings of the study revealed that different economic backgrounds, parental religious interests, individuals' personal religious interests, and social norms and cultural values shape preferences for a madrassah education. Moreover, this study also revealed that there exist various socio-economic impacts of a madrassah education on individuals and at community level. However, a madrassah education has often caused conflict in communities. The study shows that while a madrassah education creates barriers to achieving modern skills and incomes, its social benefits are valuable for those living within socio-cultural constraints in rural areas. Specifically, it enhances the social status and agency of women. The study also shows that madrassah education is an opportunity for those who otherwise would have no other option to study. This study concludes that there is a need to re-think madrassah education within the economic, social, cultural and religious context of Pakistan. This study has practical implications for practitioners, madrassahs and researchers, and it also suggests further research related to madrassah education.
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Gaika, Lindiwe. "Adequacy of existing protected areas in conserving biodiversity at global and regional levels in relation to socio-economic conditions." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9646_1254305009.
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At a meeting of worl leaders at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, it was recognized that because of the tremendous increase in the size of the global populations (which now is estimated to exceed six billion), there were concerns that global biodiversity was at risk if insufficient land were not put aside for conservation within formal Protected Areas. The primary aim of this study was to compare investment in Protected Areas in relation to socio-economic conditions at global and regional levels.
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Ramothibe, J. C. (Joseph Colin). "The demographic and socio-economic impact of HIV/Aids on the Khomas region and the implications for the Windhoek local authority." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50131.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS is one of the biggest challenges faced by many countries in this century. The rate of infection is rapidly increasing and more and more people are getting ill and dying from AIDS. Of all the people living with AIDS in the world, seven out of ten live in Sub-Saharan Africa. Namibia is one of the top five most HIV/AIDS affected countries in the world. There is therefore no question about the urgent need to accelerate actions to reduce prevalence, expand care and support and extend access to treatment. AIDS is eroding decades of progress made in extending life expectancy; thus hundreds of adults are dying young or in early middle age. The national strategic plan (2004) on HIV/AIDS indicated that the average life expectancy in Namibia is now 42 years, when it could have been 60 without AIDS. A 2003 study on the impact of HIV/AIDS on Windhoek indicated that the antenatal HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in Windhoek for 2002 was 27%, while the national prevalence rate was estimated at 22.3%. The prevalence rate for Windhoek is expected to reach its peak at 38% during 2005. Even though HIV/AIDS will have a diminishing effect on population growth, Windhoek's population is expected to continue growing, particular as a result of inward migration, but at a slower pace. Similarly, HIV/AIDS will have an abating effect on GDP growth as the virus will mainly affect the economic active and available labour force of the population and result in increased labour costs and skilled labour shortages. The impact on the informal sector is potentially more damaging than on the formal economic sector, as the majority of micro- enterprises and informal businesses are build around one individual. As the breadwinner dies, household income and expenditures levels deteriorate and increase poverty levels, because households within the city are very dependent on family structures to support their income levels. Informal settlements are also more volatile to HIV transmission and the majority of HIV infected individuals are likely to be found within these areas as the populations is poorer, crowded, has fewer social services facilities and is more likely migratory compared to those in affluent formal settlements. Considering that the incubation period of HIV/AIDS from infection to death takes about ten years, the real impact of current HIV infections in Windhoek will only be experienced during 2010. Health services will have to attend to a greater demand for curative services as well as to social care and support programs. Social welfare programmes will need to find ways of caring for a large population of HIV/AIDS orphans. Municipalities can playa critically important role in addressing HIV/AIDS at a local level as they are at the interface of community and government. They are ideally placed to playa coordinating and facilitating role that is needed to make sure that partnerships are built to bring prevention and care programmes to every community affected by AIDS. Therefore, in order to succeed in confronting HIV/AIDS, it is important to work closely with all levels of government as well as working with local partners in civil society that are fighting HIV/AIDS at the community level. By taking action against HIV/AIDS, municipalities are securing the future of their towns and communities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV/VIGS is een van die grootste uitdagings wat baie lande hierdie eeu in die gesig staar. Die koers van infeksie is vinnig aan die toeneem en al hoe meer mense word siek en sterf as gevolg van VIGS. Van al die mense wat met VIGS lewe in die wêreld, bly sewe uit tien in sub-Sahara Afrika. Namibië is een van die vyf mees MIV/VIGS geaffekteerde lande in die wêreld. Derhalwe is daar geen twyfel rakende die noodsaaklikheid om daadwerklike aksies te bewerkstellig om die voorkoms te verminder, sorg en ondersteuning te verhoog en toegang na behandeling uit te brei. VIGS vernietig dekades van groei behaal in die verlenging van lewensverwagting; dus sterf honderde volwassenes vroeg of gedurende hul middeljare. Die nasionale strategiese plan (2004) rakende MIV/VIGS toon dat die gemiddelde lewensverwagting in Namibië huidiglik 42 jaar is instede van 60 sonder VIGS. 'n Studie onderneem gedurende 2003, rakende die effek van MIV/VIGS in Windhoek, dui aan dat die voorgeboorte MIV/VIGS voorkoms koers 27% vir 2002 was, terwyl die nasionale voorkoms koers slegs 22.3% was. Daar word verwag dat die voorkoms koers vir Windhoek sy maksimum van 38% sal bereik gedurende 2005. Alhoewel MIV/VIGS 'n negatiewe effek op bevolkingsgroei groei gaan het, sal Windhoek se inwoners getalle steeds groei, alhoewel teen 'n stadiger koers, as gevolg van inwaartse migrasie. Terselfdertyd, gaan MIV/VIGS 'n verminderde effek het op die groei van die Bruto Binnelandse Produk (BBP), omdat die virus hoofsaaklik die ekonomiese aktiewe en beskikbare arbeidsmag van die bevolking affekteer wat as gevolg hiervan 'n verhoging in arbeidskoste en tekort aan geskoolde arbeid het. Die effek op die informele sektore is potensieel meer skadelik as op die formele ekonomiese faktore, aangesien die meeste klein en informele besighede rondom een persoon gebou is. lndien die broodwinner sterf, versleg die vlakke van huishoudelike inkomste en uitgawes wat lei tot verhoogde armoede, omdat huishoudings in die stad baie afhanklik is op familie strukture om hulle inkomste te ondersteun. Informele vestigings is meer kwesbaar in die oordrag van MIV en die meerderheid van die MIV geïnfekteerde individue word gewoonlik in hierdie areas aangetref omdat die bevolking armer is, meer persone huisves, minder welsyn dienste fasiliteite het en meer swerwend is in vergelyking met die meer welgestelde formele vestigings. As in ag geneem word dat die ontkiemings periode van MIV/VIGS vanaf infeksie tot en met sterfte omtrent tien jaar neem, sal die werklike effek van die huidige VIGS besmettings in Windhoek slegs ervaar word gedurende 2010. Gesondheidsdienste sal moet aandag skenk aan 'n groter aanvraag vir geneeslike dienste sowel as sosiale sorg en ondersteunings programme. Gemeenskaplike welsyn programme sal maniere moet vind om vir 'n groot populasie van MIV/VIGS weeskinders te sorg. Munisipaliteite kan 'n belangrike rol speel in die aanspreek van die MIV/VIGS epidemie op 'n plaaslike vlak omdat hulle die skakel is tussen die gemeenskap en die regering. Hulle is ideaal geplaas om 'n koordineerende en fasiliterende rol te speel wat nodig is om seker te maak dat vennootskappe gebou word om voorkomings en versorgings programme te lewer aan elke gemeenskap wat deur MIV/VIGS geraak word. Dus, om sukses te behaal in die bekamping van MIV/VIGS , is dit belangrik om nou saam te werk met alle vlakke van die regering sowel as met plaaslike vennote in die gemeenskap wat MIV/VIGS bekamp op gemeenskapsvlak. Deur aksie te neem teen MIV/VIGS , kan munisipaliteite die toekoms van hulle dorpe en gemeenskappe verseker.
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Bambang, Suartini. "The relationship of socio-economic status with adverse perinatal outcomes in the West Midlands Health Region of the United Kingdom for 1991-1993 : the use of area-based measures of deprivation as a proxy for socio-economic status." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403112.
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Rawoot, Azraa. "Solving residual spaces: a template for cities in envisaging disregarded public space into places that encourage and promote socio-economic development and prioritise pedestrianism." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28249.
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This document intends to chronicle a narrative working process which is the basis of this urban design project. The research involves a sixmonth investigation into current urban design theory and practice applied to the city as well as site scale. The design commences with an intention which is informed by a combination of theoretical, surrogate, factual and contextualised factors. The process has been one of reconciling the blurred boundaries between conflicting ideas of a design that is economically realisable in the short term and experimenting with new and largely unexplored ways of city-making in radically changing cities in which urban land is scarce and increasingly valuable. Parts One and Two of this document are intended to be independent of Parts Three and Four. The initial chapters are an investigation into challenges of any modern city and the final chapter is an illustration of a solution to only chosen site.
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Abalkhail, Ahmed Hamad O. "Socio-economic impacts of transportation and planning design for Saudi Arabian cities : case study, the central core area of the Algassim Region." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21394.
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The purpose of this study was to consider the socio-economic impacts of the development of modern transportation in Saudi Arabian urban areas, and thereby to derive guidelines for future planning to minimise damaging impacts. In order to achieve the purpose, a series of studies were undertaken. A theoretical background was constructed from international sources relevant to the socio-economic impacts of transportation. The growth of transportation in Saudi Arabia in general and in particular in the Central Core Area of Algassim Region (The Study Area) was then examined, followed by an explanation of the management of transportation. A survey questionnaire, interviews with government officials and with community leaders, and a traffic count survey, were conducted to obtain information and attitudes regarding the socio-economic impacts of transportation in the study area. From the analysis of the surveys, an evaluation of the strategies was then made and alternative ways of developing a balanced transportation strategy for the study area were considered. A land use transportation plan was produced to demonstrate the relationship between the preferred transportation strategy and the land use activities, and based on the research principles, a land use/transportation concept was formulated. In the light of the conclusions made for the study area, a planning design for Saudi Arabian cities was then recommended as part of more sensitive appreciation of the socio-economic impact of modern transportation developments. Finally, the thesis briefly emphasises the importance of planning co-ordination and of sensitive guidelines for Saudi planners. It also recommended further studies to be carried out.
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Hassano, Zeinab, and Felicia Nordgren. "The impact of socio-economic factors and attributes on repayment ability in Microfinancing : A study of microfinance programs in the Amhara region." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40976.
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An insufficient financial market means that poor individuals cannot access financial capital, making it difficult for them to generate a stable income. Formal banks see these individuals as unreliable customers because of their financial background and see a risk that these potential customers will not repay their loans, which would put the bank at risk. Banks usually use the borrower’s assets as collateral for their loans. Unfortunately, not many of these poor people have any assets. Microloans can solve these problems by opening up the opportunity for financial capital that enables poor people to make the investments needed to create or develop some form of production and thus increase employment. This research was carried out to analyze if the collected variables can determine the repayment ability of those who got a microloan from the Amhara Credit and Savings institution. Since the borrowers received their loans through two different processes, this study divided the data into two groups. Group 1 received their microloan based on a personality test and the individuals in group 2 received their microloan based on group lending. This division is done in order to be able to eliminate that the lending process itself may have affected the repayment ability. This study is based on random sample data from the Amhara Credit and Savings institution. Regression analyses were performed using the STATA-15 software. The results are not entirely consistent with previous studies because some variables did not get the expected outcome linked similar to previous studies. Some of the variables in this study appear to have an effect on the repayment ability, but not all. Thus, the conclusion is that the results are insufficient and further research needs to be made to reject or confirm the influence of the socio-economic factors and structure of the microloan on the repayment ability for Ethiopian borrowers.En otillräcklig finansmarknad innebär att fattiga individer inte kan få tillgång till finansiellt kapital vilket gör det svårt för dem att generera en stabil inkomst. Formella banker ser dessa individer som opålitliga kunder på grund av deras ekonomiska bakgrund och ser en risk med att dessa potentiella kunder inte kommer att återbetala sina lån, vilket skulle sätta banken i risk. Banker använder vanligtvis låntagarens tillgångar som säkerhet för sina lån. Tyvärr så har inte många av dessa fattiga människor några tillgångar. Mikrolån kan lösa dessa problem genom att öppna upp möjligheten för finansiellt kapital som gör det möjligt för fattiga människor att göra de investeringar som behövs för att skapa eller utveckla någon form av produktion och därmed öka sysselsättningen. Denna forskning genomfördes för att analysera om våra insamlade variabler kan förklara återbetalningsförmågan hos de som fick ett mikrolån från Amhara Credit and Savings Institution. Eftersom låntagarna fick lån genom två olika processer delade vi upp dem i grupp ett, som fick sitt mikrolån genom ett personlighetstest och grupp två, som fick sitt mikrolån via en grupp med andra individer. Detta för att kunna eliminera att själva processen till hur de har fått lånet kan ha påverkat återbetalningsförmågan. Studien är baserad på slumpmässiga provdata från Amhara Credit and Savings Institution. Regressionsanalyser utfördes med användning av Stata 15-programvaran. Resultaten är inte helt i överensstämmelse med tidigare studier, i och med att vissa variabler inte har det förväntade utfallet kopplat till tidigare studier. Några av variablerna i denna studie visar sig ha en påverkan på återbetalningsförmågan, men inte alla. Således är vår slutsats att resultaten är otillräckliga och behöver ytterligare undersökning för att kunna avvisa eller bekräfta denna uppsats variablers påverkan på återbetalningsförmågan.
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Ramon-Berjano, Carola B. "Socio-economic disparities in Argentina and Brazil : origins, evolution and external variables that affect regional convergence : the implications for integrated areas." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2404/.
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This thesis studies regional economic disparities both within individual countries as well as between countries. The main objective is to determine whether regional disparities converge automatically through time and, if this is not the rule, whether regional policies are needed. This thesis argues that disparities, far from converging automatically, can persist not only through time but also be affected by policies and external factors. The issue of convergence of regional incomes becomes significant when considering the case of integrated areas. In this thesis I study the potential effects that the deepening of MERCOSUR will have on disparities both between as well as within the member countries by focusing on Argentina and Brazil, the two largest countries within the area, up until the late 1990s. In order to analyse disparities within integrated areas, the European Union will be considered as a frame of reference. I show that although regional policies appear to have favoured convergence, this has not been as significant as expected, particularly within the regions. In addition, Argentina and Brazil will be analysed, and I trace the origin of national disparities to late colonial times. Further, regional disparities within both countries have not shown any major trends towards convergence over the centuries. Moreover, political and macroeconomic factors do seem to have an incidence in the process of regional convergence within those countries. Also, different subperiods display convergence and divergence. Both the European Union experience as well as that of Argentina and Brazil indicate that disparities were not reduced automatically as neo-classical economics predict. I also refer to macroeconomic and political factors having an impact in the process of convergence, diverting these regions away from their convergence paths. Another important factor in the automatic process of convergence as described in neo-classical economics is the interregional mobility of factors. However, this does not seem to have been the case for either the European Union or Argentina and Brazil. The thesis seeks to provide an insight into how disparities evolve through time and its conclusions will not only be useful in terms of regional policy planning in Argentina and Brazil but also in the process of deepening in MERCOSUR and a possible Latin American integration. The comparison with the European Union experience provides a more general frame of reference for other integration schemes around the world. The conclusions should provide a better insight into the problem of unbalanced growth not only for individual countries but also for integrated areas.
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Clarke, Joanne Trudie. "Regional variation in the ceramics of Neolithic Cyprus : implications for the socio-economic and cultural dynamics of a prehistoric island society." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21149.
Full textAbstract:
The Ceramic Neolithic (SCU) period in Cyprus is unusual because of the island-wide uniformity observable in the material culture remains. It is only in the ceramic repertoire that regional variation can be detected, and this is most clearly evident in the surface decoration on the painted pottery. Regional variation is common in prehistoric societies, where external elements can act upon social and economic structures and thereby contribute to diversity. In Cyprus, where there were no external influences, factors that contributed to diversity were internally circumscribed. The predominant forces acting upon SCU Cyprus were economic. Subsistence strategies governed the ways in which early populations conducted their daily lives and interacted with others. The undertaking of seasonally related subsistence tasks would have directed the types of interaction that occurred between village groups and regions. Looking specifically at the material culture of the SCU phase, and in particular the distribution of variation in the pottery, the socio-economic processes that contributed to regional diversity are defined. Ceramic variation in SCU Cyprus is predominantly stylistic, and style can appear in many guises. Moreover, it is stylistic variation that is the extant measurable element of social interaction. This thesis argues that economic factors directed the types of social interactive processes that occurred during the SCU phase, and that this is reflected as stylistic variation in the ceramics. Measuring variety against the backdrop of economic and subsistence models aids the identification of the types of relationships which existed.