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Books on the topic 'Socio-economic inequalitie'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

van Ham, Maarten, Tiit Tammaru, Rūta Ubarevičienė, and Heleen Janssen, eds. Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4.

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2

Louise, Gunning-Schepers, Spruit I. P, and Krijnen J. H, eds. Socio economic inequalities in health questions on trends and explanations. The Hague: Ministry of Welfare, Health, and Cultural Affairs, 1989.

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3

Institute of Objective Studies (New Delhi, India), ed. Vision 2025: Socio-economic inequalities : why does India's economic growth need an inclusive agenda. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 2018.

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4

author, Islam Mohammed Shafiqul, and UNICEF Bangladesh, eds. Mitigating socio-economic inequalities to accelerate poverty reduction: Investing in vulnerable children. Dhaka: UNICEF Bangladesh, 2010.

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5

Murray, Eugene Anthony. A study in the prevalence of cerebral palsy in Northern Ireland in relation to socio-economic inequalities. [S.l: The Author], 2001.

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6

Trust and estate planning: The emergence of a profession and its contribution to socio-economic inequality. Köln: Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, 2009.

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7

Kunst, Anton. International variation in socio-economic inequalities in self-reported health: A comparison of the Netherlands with other industrialised countries. The Hague: SDU/Publishers, 1992.

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8

Ralph, Menke, ed. Report on socio-economic differences in health indicators in Europe: Health inequalities in Europe and the situation of disadvantaged groups. Bielefeld: Lögd, Landesinstitut für den Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst NRW, 2003.

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9

Sheremet, Aleksandr. THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTERNET AS A MEANS OF MASS COMMUNICATION ON QUALITY AND STANDARD OF LIVING OF THE POPULATION. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/monography_5fdf9ab89f5d61.35635530.

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The monograph is devoted to the problems of the influence of the Internet as a means of mass communication on the quality and standard of living of the population. The digital inequality and other new forms of socio-economic stratification generated by the introduction and development of new information and communication technologies are investigated.

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10

Borgna, Camilla. Migrant Penalties in Educational Achievement. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462981348.

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The integration of second-generation immigrants has proved to be a major challenge for Europe in recent years. Though these people are born in their host nations, they often experience worse social and economic outcomes than other citizens. This volume focuses on one particular, important challenge: the less successful educational outcomes of second-generation migrants. Looking at data from seventeen European nations, Camilla Borgna shows that migrant penalties in educational achievement exist in each one-but that, unexpectedly, the penalties tend to be greater in countries in which socio-economic inequalities in education are generally more modest, a finding that should prompt reconsideration of a number of policy approaches.

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11

Gadeyne, Sylvie. The ultimate inequality: Socio-economic differences in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Belgium in the first part of the 1990s. Brussel: CBGS, Centrum voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudie, 2006.

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12

Gadeyne, Sylvie. The ultimate inequality: Socio-economic differences in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Belgium in the first part of the 1990s. Brussel: CBGS, Centrum voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudie, 2006.

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13

Middleton, Nicos, Panayiota Ellina, George Zannoupas, Demetris Lamnisos, and Christiana Kouta. Socio-Economic Inequality in Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0006.

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Socioeconomic position (SEP) refers to the relative place an individual or a social group holds within the structure of society. SEP is determined by a multitude of factors, from individual and household circumstances across the life course to social processes operating at higher levels. Even though a complex construct, it is often operationalized using single person-based indicators and/or subjective measures of an individual’s own perceived position in the social ladder. Furthermore, recognizing that social stratification is geographically defined, area-based measures place a community in the socioeconomic disadvantage continuum and are used to quantify the magnitude of geographically defined social inequalities Data driven approaches have been mostly used to construct socioeconomic deprivation indices, commonly using census-based indicators which reflect the sociodemographical compositions of areas. Increasingly, a wider set of methods are been used to capture features of a community’s environment pertaining to the physical, built and social environment.

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14

Excessive Inequality and Socio-Economic Progress. Routledge, 2022.

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15

Excessive Inequality and Socio-Economic Progress. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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16

Rakauskiene, Ona Grazina, Lina Volodzkiene, and Dalia Streimikiene. Excessive Inequality and Socio-Economic Progress. Routledge, 2022.

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17

Volodzkienė, Lina, Ona Gražina Rakauskienė, and Dalia Streimikiene. Excessive Inequality and Socio-Economic Progress. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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18

Volodzkienė, Lina, Ona Gražina Rakauskienė, and Dalia Streimikiene. Excessive Inequality and Socio-Economic Progress. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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19

Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality: A Global Perspective. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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20

Üskül, Ayse K., and Shigehiro Oishi, eds. Socio-Economic Environment and Human Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.001.0001.

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This edited volume underlines the value of attending to socioecological approaches in understanding the relationship between the economic environment and human psychology by including state-of-the art research that focuses on the role played by (a) type of ecology and associated economic activity/structure (e.g., farming, herding), (b) socioeconomic status and inequality (e.g., poverty, educational attainment), (c) economic conditions (e.g., wealth, urbanization), and (d) ecological and economic threat (e.g., disasters, resource scarcity) in the shaping of different psychological processes including subjective well-being, construction of the self, endorsement of honor, cognitive styles, responses to social exclusion, food intake, decision-making, health behaviors, and academic outcomes, among others. By doing so the book highlights the importance of situating the individual directly in the everyday realities afforded by economic conditions and settings that provide the material basis of psychological outcomes and contribute to bridging the psychological with the external circumstances. The volume brings together research from different subfields of psychology (cultural, social, developmental) but also from economics, anthropology, evolutionary sciences, and epidemiology that recognizes the importance of individuals’ daily economic realities and their psychological adjustment to those. Reflecting the different (inter)disciplinary approaches presented across the contributions, this volume also showcases the different methods researchers utilize including archival, experimental (lab-based and field), correlational, observational, and agent-based modeling. The findings summarized in this volume have important policy implications, as they point to specific policy agendas that might help improve the psychological and physical health of citizens.

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21

Britain, Great. Equality Act 2010 (Authorities Subject to a Duty Regarding Socio-Economic Inequalities) (Wales) Regulations 2021. Stationery Office, The, 2021.

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22

Bernardi, Fabrizio, and Gabrielle Ballarino. Education, Occupation and Social Origin: A Comparative Analysis of the Transmission of Socio-Economic Inequalities. Elgar Publishing Limited, Edward, 2016.

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23

Bernardi, Fabrizio, and Gabrielle Ballarino. Education, Occupation and Social Origin: A Comparative Analysis of the Transmission of Socio-Economic Inequalities. Elgar Publishing Limited, Edward, 2016.

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24

Scotland. Equality Act 2010 (Authorities Subject to the Socio-Economic Inequality Duty) (Scotland) Regulations 2018. Stationery Office, The, 2018.

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25

Scotland. Equality Act 2010 (Authorities Subject to the Socio-Economic Inequality Duty) (Scotland) Regulations 2018. Stationery Office, The, 2018.

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26

Britain, Great. Equality Act 2010 (Authorities Subject to a Duty Regarding Socio-Economic Inequalities) (No. 2) (Wales) Regulations 2021. Stationery Office, The, 2021.

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27

Horton, John, Helena Pimlott-Wilson, and Sarah Marie Hall, eds. Growing Up and Getting By. Bristol University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46692/9781447352921.

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This book explores how children, young people and families cope with situations of socio-economic poverty and precarity in diverse international contexts and looks at the evidence of the harms and inequalities caused by these processes.

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28

Horton, John, Helena Pimlott-Wilson, and Sarah Hall, eds. Growing Up and Getting By. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352891.001.0001.

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Bringing together new, multidisciplinary research, this edited collection explores how children and young people across Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas experience and cope with diverse situations of poverty and precarity. It looks at the multiple impacts of neoliberalism, austerity and global economic crisis, evidencing the multiple harms and inequalities caused. It also examines the different ways that children, young people and families ‘get by’ under these challenging circumstances, showing how they care for one another and envisage more hopeful socio-political futures. The book has three thematic sections, exploring the transformative and uneven impacts of neoliberalism, austerity and economic crises for contemporary childhood and youth, intersecting inequalities, and children and young people’s negotiations of these profoundly challenging contexts.

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29

Fricke, Christel. The Role of Interpersonal Comparisons in Moral Learning and the Sources of Recognition Respect: Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s amour-propre and Adam Smith’s Sympathy. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422857.003.0004.

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I inquire into Rousseau’s and Smith’s views on moral psychology and on the role of interaction for people’s moral development. The question is whether Smith’s account of sympathy and the origin of people’s respect for others as their equals (recognition respect) was inspired by Rousseau’s pitié and amour-propre. I answer this question in the negative and argue that Smith proposed a more optimistic account of the possible effects of human interaction than Rousseau did. According to Rousseau, interpersonal comparisons feed our amour-propre, the wish to be admired by others; for our moral development, amour-propre has a destructive effect. And this effect is enforced in the framework of a society that imposes serious socio-economic differences on its members. While Smith was not blind to the moral challenges arising from socio-economic inequalities and the misery of the poor, he argued that sympathy-guided human interaction was crucial for a person’s moral development. Without entering into sympathetic processes with others, people cannot learn to judge moral matters from the point of view of impartial spectators.

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30

Sheppard, Eric. Heterodoxy as Orthodoxy: Prolegomenon for a Geographical Political Economy. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.9.

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For most geographers, thinking geographically about the economy means something very different than for mainstream/geographical economists: what is heterodox for the latter constitutes geographers’ orthodoxy. Nineteen propositions about geographical political economy demonstrate how thinking geographically disrupts core propositions about capitalism in mainstream economic theory. The spatiotemporality and relational nature of inter-sectoral commodity production, shaped by the socio-spatial dialectic, implies that commodity production generally is far from equilibrium, (re)produces uneven geographical development, and cannot be divorced from political processes. With respect to exchange, markets are socio-spatial constructs, profit rates are positive, free trade is inequalizing, and financialization matters. With respect to distribution, globalizing capitalism (re)produces socio-spatial inequality, an outcome modulated by the necessity of llabour politics and state intervention. Trajectories of globalizing capitalism co-evolve also with cultural and biophysical processes: its constitutional failure to deliver on the promise of equal opportunity for all makes it necessary to countenance more-than-capitalist alternatives.

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31

Barry, John. Green Political Economy. Edited by Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.30.

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This chapter outlines the main features of green political economy and how it differs from dominant orthodox neo-classical economics. Neo-classical economics is critiqued on the grounds of its false presentation of itself as “objective” and “value neutral.” Its ecologically irrational commitment to the imperative of orthodox economic growth as a permanent feature of the economy compromises its ability to offer realistic or normatively compelling guides to how we might make the transition to a sustainable economy. Green political economy is presented as an alternative form of economic thinking but one which explicitly expresses its normative/ideological value bases. It also challenges the commitment to undifferentiated economic growth as a permanent objective of the human economy. In its place, it promotes “economic security” and a post-growth economy. The latter includes the transition to a low-carbon energy economy, and is one which maximizes quality of life and actively seeks to lower socio-economic inequality.

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32

Cruces, Guillermo, Gary S. Fields, David Jaume, and Mariana Viollaz. Data and Methodology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801085.003.0002.

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This study is based on microeconomic data from more than 150 household surveys, five million households, and eighteen million persons contained in the SEDLAC—Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean. These data cover the following sixteen Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Based on these household surveys and the SEDLAC harmonization methodology, the study constructs comparable time series for a wide range of labour market, poverty, and income inequality indicators. It also employs aggregate macroeconomic indicators from two sources: the World Bank’s World Development Indicators and the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean’s database on social expenditure.

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33

Caldwell, Kia Lilly. Black Women’s Health Activism and the Development of Intersectional Health Policy. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040986.003.0003.

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This chapter examines black women health activists’ contributions to an intersectional reconceptualization of health that links gender health equity and racial health equity. The analysis explores the development of black women’s organizations in Brazil and their advocacy and policy work related to reproductive health, female sterilization, and HIV/AIDS. The analysis also focuses on black women’s local, national, and transnational activism, particularly related to the 2001 World Conference Against Racism. The chapter argues that black women’s efforts to promote the development of non-universalist health policies underscores the importance of activists, scholars, and the Brazilian state reconceptualizing health disparities in ways that acknowledge the interrelationship among racial, gender, and socio-economic inequalities.

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34

Sengupta, Ramprasad. Entropy Law, Sustainability, and Third Industrial Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190121143.001.0001.

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In mankind’s relentless quest for prosperity, Nature has suffered great damage. It has been treated as an inexhaustible reserve of resources. The indefinite scale of global expansion is still continuing and now the earth’s very survival is under threat. But against this exploitation of nature, there is the concept of entropy, which places a finite limit on the extent to which resources can be used in any closed system, such as our planet. Considering the impact of entropy, this book examines the key issues of sustainability—social, economic, and environmental. It discusses the social dimension of sustainability, showing how it is impacted by issues of economic inequality, poverty, and other socio-economic and infrastructural factors in the Indian context. It also highlights how Indian households suffer from clean energy poverty and points to the inequality in distribution of different fuels and of fuel cost among households. It assesses India’s power sector and its potential to be a significant player in bringing the Third Industrial Revolution to India by replacing fossil fuels with new renewables. It concludes by projecting power sector scenarios till 2041–42 achievable through alternative, realizable policy with respect to energy conservation and fuel substitution, and thus paves the way for the green power.

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35

Islam, Maidul. Indian Muslim(s) After Liberalization. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199489916.001.0001.

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Close to the turn of the century and almost 45 years after Independence, India opened its doors to free-market liberalization. Although meant as the promise to a better economic tomorrow, three decades later, many feel betrayed by the economic changes ushered in by this new financial era. Here is a book that probes whether India’s economic reforms have aided the development of Indian Muslims who have historically been denied the fruits of economic development. Maidul Islam points out that in current political discourse, the ‘Muslim question’ in India is not articulated in terms of demands for equity. Instead, the political leadership camouflages real issues of backwardness, prejudice, and social exclusion with the rhetoric of identity and security. Historically informed, empirically grounded, and with robust analytical rigour, the book tries to explore connections between multiple forms of Muslim marginalization, the socio-economic realities facing the community, and the formation of modern Muslim identity in the country. At a time when post-liberalization economic policies have created economic inequality and joblessness for significant sections of the population including Muslims, the book proposes working towards a radical democratic deepening in India.

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36

Woo, Jaejoon. Confronting South Korea's Next Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864424.001.0001.

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South Korea’s economic miracle is a well-known story. However, today Korea is confronting a new set of internal and external risks, which may foreshadow the next crisis. The Korean economy has struggled with a faltering growth momentum and the rise of unprecedented socio-economic problems well before the pandemic crisis. After abrupt downshifts to markedly slower growth in the early 2000s, economic growth has continued to decelerate. Koreans are grappling with slow income growth, all time-high household debt, high youth unemployment, inequality, and social polarization. Politics is in disarray and is incapable of directing social discourse for the common good. Rapid population aging along with the world’s lowest fertility rates stokes fears of Japanification. Simultaneously, disruptive technologies and a fast-changing business environment, including the rise of China, clash with a range of long-standing structural problems. The contemporary challenges are radically different from those seen in the early stages of industrialization. There are multiple risks that threaten to self-perpetuate low or stagnant growth over the next decade or so, if not an outright financial crisis. Motivated by these latest developments, this book seeks to provide a timely and in-depth analysis of key current issues and foreseeable challenges of the economy, with a provocative reassessment of its future. Based on extensive new empirical works, it examines the underlying causes of the socio-economic problems. In a constructive spirit, it puts into perspective what would constitute critical elements of ideal policy solutions and the direction of the future government’s role.

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37

Kolge, Nishikant. Gandhi Against Caste. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474295.001.0001.

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In 1909, while still in South Africa, Gandhi publicly decried the caste system for its inequalities. Shortly after his return to India though, he spoke of the generally beneficial aspects of caste. Gandhi’s writings on caste reflect contradictory views and his critics accuse him of neglecting the unequal socio-economic structure that relegated Dalits to the bottom of the caste hierarchy. So, did Gandhi endorse the fourfold division of the Indian society or was he truly against caste? In this book, Nishikant Kolge investigates the entire range of what Gandhi said or wrote about caste divisions over a period of more than three decades: from his return to India in 1915 to his death in 1948. Interestingly, Kolge also maps Gandhi’s own statements that undermined his stance against the caste system. These writings uncover the ‘strategist Gandhi’ who understood that social transformation had to be a slow process for the conservative but powerful section of Hindus who were not yet ready for radical reforms. Seven decades after it attained freedom from colonial powers, caste continues to influence the socio-political dynamics of India. And Gandhi against Caste—the battle is not over yet.

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38

Grenier, Amanda, Chris Phillipson, and Richard A. Settersten Jr, eds. Precarity and Ageing. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447340850.001.0001.

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This book examines some of the challenges facing older people, given a context of rising life expectancy, cuts to the welfare state, and widening economic and social inequalities. It explores precarity and ageing from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, critical perspectives, and contexts. Although cultural representations and policy discourses depict older people as a group healthier and more prosperous than ever, many older people experience ageing amid insecurities that emerge in later life or are carried forward as a consequence of earlier disadvantage. The collection of chapters develops a distinctive approach to understanding the changing cultural, economic and social circumstances that create precarity for different groups of older people. The aim of the book is to explore what insights the concept of precarity might bring to an understanding of ageing across the life course, especially in the context of the radical socio-political changes affecting the lives of older people. In doing so, it draws attention both to altered forms of ageing, but also to changing social and cultural contexts, and realities that challenge the assumption that older people will be protected by existing social programmes or whatever resources that can be marshalled privately.

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39

Longkumer, Atola. Mission, Evangelism, and Translation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702252.003.0014.

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This chapter provides broad brush strokes of Christian mission in the twentieth century, highlighting the emergence of native education, translation, native elites, and nationalism. It reviews the nature of charismatic Christianity, its engagement with expansive American Christianity and the unprecedented change contingent on the expansive globalization and revolution of technology. It surveys important themes such as: the demographic shift of Christianity, the rise of religio-cultural fundamentalism, women’s empowerment, the global movement of peoples, rising socio-economic inequality and conflicts of many types. In the face of a growing moratorium on Christian foreign missions, minority world missionary agencies were forced to deal with growing grass-roots missions movements, and to hand over agency of the Christian project in many localities around the world. Rising nationalist movements, fuelled by native educational efforts, informed a turn to contextualizing theologies, in which women and the Pentecostal upsurge have played an important role.

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40

Forsyth, Tim. Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.602.

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Community-based adaptation (CBA) to climate change is an approach to adaptation that aims to include vulnerable people in the design and implementation of adaptation measures. The most obvious forms of CBA include simple, but accessible, technologies such as storing freshwater during flooding or raising the level of houses near the sea. It can also include more complex forms of social and economic resilience such as increasing access to a wider range of livelihoods or reducing the vulnerability of social groups that are especially exposed to climate risks. CBA has been promoted by some development nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international agencies as a means of demonstrating the importance of participatory and deliberative methods within adaptation to climate change, and the role of longer-term development and social empowerment as ways of reducing vulnerability to climate change. Critics, however, have argued that focusing on “community” initiatives can often be romantic and can give the mistaken impression that communities are homogeneous when in fact they contain many inequalities and social exclusions. Accordingly, many analysts see CBA as an important, but insufficient, step toward the representation of vulnerable local people in climate change policy, but that it also offers useful lessons for a broader transformation to socially inclusive forms of climate change policy, and towards seeing resilience to climate change as lying within socio-economic organization rather than in infrastructure and technology alone.

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41

Puccini, Beatriz Cicala. Consciência política e humanização do parto a luta pelo direito à formação de obstetrizes na Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-345-9.

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In today's globalized world, violence is structural and connected to the still unmet demands of society. Brazil has one of the highest violence rates, aided by the chronic socio-economic inequality which our political model insists on reproducing and deepening. Violence against women has pride of place in this picture. In the Europe of XVIII century, women's vocation for motherhood was praised, aligned with philosophical values and discourses of the time, giving rise to unconditional love as a true myth founder of the ideology in the bourgeois economy of early capitalism. The idea of a paradigmatic body is anchored in a dualism that is both physiological and anatomic and in which ethical, moral, psychological and socio-cultural aspects will unveil. The transition from home childbirth to hospital childbirth initiates the phase of maternity and childhood protective public policies. A consequence, however, was shutting out feminine participation, preventing its main role in childbirth and resulting in us boasting one of the highest indexes of unnecessary C-sections in the world. The modern woman has gained a lot in autonomy. She has freed herself from moral, social and legal ties, nevertheless she is and always will be the owner of the biological body that is capable of generating a new life and guarantee the preservation of human species. The humanization of birth and the health of mother and child is pressing in the country, along with international reference organizations in this area, as the author of the present work defends and proves.

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42

Del Sarto, Raffaella A. Borderlands. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833550.001.0001.

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The book proposes a profound rethink of the complex relationship between Europe—defined here as the European Union and its members—and the states of the Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Europe’s ‘southern neighbours’. These relations are examined through a borderlands prism that conceives of this interaction as one between an empire of sorts that seeks to export its order beyond the border, and the empire’s southern borderlands. Focusing on trade relations on the one hand, and the cooperation on migration, borders, and security on the other, the book revisits the historical origins and modalities of Europe’s selective rule transfer to MENA states, the interests underwriting these policies, and the complex dynamics marking the interaction between the two sides over a twenty-year period (1995–2015). It shows that within a system of structurally asymmetric economic relations from which Europe and MENA elites benefit the most, single MENA governments have been co-opted into the management of border and migration control where they act as Europe’s gatekeepers. Combined with specific policy choices of MENA governments, Europe’s selective expansion of its rules, practices, and disaggregated borders have contributed to rising socio-economic inequalities and the strengthening of authoritarian rule in the ‘southern neighbourhood’, with Europe tacitly tolerating serious violations of the rights of refugees and migrants at its fringes. Challenging the self-proclaimed benevolent nature of European policies and the notion of ‘Fortress Europe’ alike, the findings of this study contribute to broader debates on power, dependence, and interdependence in the discipline of international relations.

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43

Hank, Karsten, Frank Schulz-Nieswandt, Michael Wagner, and Susanne Zank, eds. Alternsforschung. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845276687.

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This handbook aims to provide an overview of knowledge about age and ageing in ‘Western’ societies at the beginning of the 21st century, which is intended to be equally suitable for research and practice. It focuses on relevant contributions from the social and behavioural sciences and their access to selected aspects of age and ageing. Its main topics can be described as quintessential core subjects, e.g. theories of ageing, socio-economic situation and inequalities, mental and physical health, social networks and social participation. These are supplemented by contributions on often marginalised topics and ‘emerging topics’ such as very old age, experiences of violence and delinquency, sexuality, and the spirituality and ethics of ageing. Finally, a series of topics relevant to everyday life and research practice (e.g. age and technology and data collection among the elderly) form a third central component of the book. With contributions by Heike Baranzke | Hermann Brandenburg | Susanne Brose | Josef Ehmer | Yvonne Eisenmann | Lea Ellwardt | Marcel Erlinghagen | Uwe Fachinger | Luise Geithner | Thomas Görgen | Bernadette Groebe | Helen Güther | Hans Gutzmann | Karsten Hank | Peter Häussermann | Rolf G. Heinze | Kira Hower | Anna Janhsen | Roman Kaspar | Daniela Klaus | Lars-Oliver Klotz | Franziska Kunz | Lisa Luft | Katharina Mahne | Michael Neise | Frank Oswald | Johannes Pantel | Susanne Penger | Holger Pfaff | M. Christina Polidori | Christian Rietz | Charlotte Şahin | Anna Schlomann | Holger Schmidt | Laura Schmidt | Wiebke Schmitz | Katrin Schneiders | Frank Schulz-Nieswandt | Andreas Simm | Julia Simonson | Anja Steinbach | Stephanie Stock | Julia Strupp | Clemens Tesch-Römer | Claudia Vogel | Raymond Voltz | Michael Wagner | Hans-Werner Wahl | Inka Wilhelm | Christiane Woopen | Susanne Zank

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Taking Stock of Regional Democratic Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2020.63.

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This GSoD In Focus Special Brief provides an overview of the state of democracy of Latin America and the Caribbean at the end of 2019, prior to the outbreak of the pandemic, and assesses some of the preliminary impacts that the pandemic has had on democracy in the region in 2020. Key findings include: • Democratically, the region was ailing prior to the pandemic, with some countries suffering from democratic erosion or backsliding, others from democratic fragility and weakness. Overall, trust in democracy had been in steady decline in the decade preceding the pandemic. Citizen discontent has culminated in a protest wave hitting several countries in the region at the end of 2019. • The COVID-19 pandemic has hit a Latin American and Caribbean region plagued by unresolved structural problems of high crime and violence, political fragmentation and polarization, high poverty and inequality, corruption, and weak states. • Long-overdue political and socio-economic reforms have compounded the health and economic crises caused by the pandemic. This, coupled with heavy-handed approaches to curb the virus, risk further entrenching or exacerbating the concerning democratic trends observed in the region prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. • The challenges to democracy Latin America and the Caribbean during the pandemic include: the postponement of elections; excessive use of police force to enforce restrictions implemented to curb the pandemic; use of the military to carry out civil tasks; persistent crime and violence; new dangers for the right to privacy; increases in gender inequality and domestic violence; new risks posed to vulnerable groups; limited access to justice; restrictions on freedom of expression; executive overreach; reduced parliamentary oversight; political polarization and clashes between democratic institutions; new openings for corruption; and a discontented socially mobilized citizenry that rejects traditional forms of political representation. • Despite the challenges, the crisis ultimately provides a historic opportunity to redefine the terms of social contracts across the region, and for governments to think innovatively about how to open up spaces for dialogue and civic participation in order to build more inclusive, sustainable and interconnected societies, as well as more accountable, transparent and efficient democratic systems of government. The review of the state of democracy during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 uses qualitative analysis and data of events and trends in the region collected through International IDEA’s Global Monitor of COVID-19’s Impact on Democracy and Human Rights, an initiative co-funded by the European Union.

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Past, Mariana F., and Benjamin Hebblethwaite. Stirring the Pot of Haitian History. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800859678.001.0001.

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Stirring the Pot of Haitian History is an original translation of Ti difé boulé sou istoua Ayiti (1977), the first book written by Haitian anthropologist Michel-Rolph Trouillot. Challenging understandings of Haitian history, Trouillot analyzes the pivotal role of self-emancipated revolutionaries in the Haitian Revolution and War of Independence (1791-1804), a generation of people who founded the modern Haitian state and advanced Haiti’s vibrant contemporary cultures. This book confronts the problems of self-serving politicians and the racial mythologizing of historical figures like Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Toussaint Louverture and André Rigaud. The author denounces corruption and racism as hereditary maladies received from the hyper-racist slave society of the French colony of Saint-Domingue. Trouillot also examines the socio-economic and political contradictions and inequalities of Saint-Domingue, traces the unravelling of the colony’s racist economic system after the revolts of 1791, and argues that Haitian Creole language and Haitian Vodou religion provided the bedrock cultural cohesion needed to fuel the resistance, revolt and warfare that led to Haitian independence on January 1, 1804. Trouillot blends Marxist criticism, deep readings in Haitian historiography, anthropological insights, and skilful handling of Haiti's rich oral traditions of storytelling, proverbs and wisdom sayings to provide a sharp and earthy account of Haitian social and political thought rooted in the style and culture of Haitian Creole speakers. Each chapter opens with a line of verse, song or a proverb that pulls readers into a historical oral performance. Haitian oral tradition from popular culture and Vodou religion mingle with explorations of complex social and political realities and historical hypotheses. Although the Haitian Creole majority language still plays second fiddle to French in government and education, Ti difé boulé sou istoua Ayiti is a major contribution in the effort to demonstrate the power of Haitian Creole scholarship. Stirring the Pot of Haitian History holds a preeminent place in the expanding canon of Haitian Creole and Caribbean literature, especially as it shows how historical problems continue to insinuate themselves within the contemporary moment.

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