Journal articles on the topic 'Socio-economic history of Assam'
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1
Parveen Shaieka. "History of Handloom Industry in Assam with special reference to Sualkuchi." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S3 (November 19, 2023): 1614–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-3.1942.
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The Handloom Industry plays a vital role in the socio – economic structure of Assam in terms of providing employment and production of clothes. At the same time preserve and propagate the rich cultural heritage of Assam. Weaving in Assam is as old as human civilization itself and the art of weaving are being passed from one generation to the next. The existence of high-quality weaving skill and production of fine textiles is well documented in great epics like Mahabharata and ancient treatise like Arthashastra1of Kautilya (Choudhry, 1987). Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang also gives rich description of existence of high-quality weaving products and their general liking of the Royal family and the nobility. Writing is the early 19th century, before the British annexed Assam, Francis Hamilton2 has given an accurate account of the state of weaving in Assam (Sarma, 2012). This Industry was directly patronized by the state, so much so that queens established weaving schools in the palace, to teach the art of weaving to the daughters of the noble widows and other female members of the household of executed prisoners were also employed by the art for spinning and weaving as a means of subsistence. The neo – vaishnavite movement of the Shri Sankardev was an equally potent force in the development in the art of weaving, especially of figured cloth. After annexation of Assam by the British3, the Handloom industry declined rapidly particularly in cities. Another British policy of de – industrialization of Assam, instead of export of cotton clothes and silk products, Assam became export of raw cotton and cocoon to fuel the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Despite, dwindling of textile weaving like all other arts with the fall of the Ahom rule, it never became extinct as many other branches of Assamese art. It is still a living art as much in demand as it had been in the medieval period (Goswami, 2012)
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Dr. Partha Protim Borthakur. "The Paradox Of Indigeneity And Question Of Identity Of The Adivasi Community Of Assam." Journal of Namibian Studies : History Politics Culture 38 (December 15, 2023): 607–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/9byk5053.
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The Adivasi in India and Assam are traditionally known as the first people or indigenous people since pre-historic (stone) age migrating in different periods of time from different regions. However, Adivasi were among the first group of people to arrive in India before any other communities such as the Aryans, Dravidians, and Mongolians etc. The schedule tribe’s status for the Adivasi in Assam which has been a longstanding struggle in India offers certain rights –based legal benefits in the form of political representation, reservation and socio-economic subsidies. The most common perception against granting Schedule Tribes status to the Adivasi in Assam is their migratory history, however, in the tea gardens the fact that they came into the state as indentured labourers to work and their contribution to the economy of the state of Assam has been substantial. The Adivasi of Assam, branded as the Tea Garden Tribes, generally prefer to be called as Tea Tribes. Embracing Adivasi nomenclature is a deliberate move on the part of the tea tribes to assert their tribal identity as also to represent their collective demand for indigenous rights, including the recognition for achieving the status of ‘Schedule Tribe’. The paper is a modest attempt to address this debate.
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Roy, Deepjyoti, M. N. Ray, Leema Bora, J. Hussain, Sadananda Payeng, Monosri Johari, and Keshab Jamatia. "Correlates of Empowerment of Ethnic Farmwomen in Assam." Indian Journal of Extension Education 60, no. 1 (2024): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2024.60103.
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An evaluation was conducted among the ethnic livestock and poultry farm women of Goalpara district of Assam to assess the impact of their socio-economic and psychological characteristics in relation to women’s empowerment in the years 2021–22. The respondents were selected via snowball sampling method, and their responses were recorded using a pre-tested interview schedule. The data indicated that factors such as social participation, age, years of livestock farming experience, contact with extension services, annual income from livestock rearing, attitudes towards scientific livestock farming, and time spent in livestock activities showed highly significant and positive correlations, while family size showed a highly significant and negative correlation with women empowerment.
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Guyot-Réchard, Bérénice. "When Legions Thunder Past: The Second World War and India’s Northeastern Frontier." War in History 25, no. 3 (July 25, 2017): 328–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344516679041.
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Between 1942 and 1945, the Patkai mountains of Assam and Manipur became India’s front line against Japan. This article charts the concatenation of political, cultural, and socio-economic transformations that the Second World War caused in a region that colonial authorities had tried to cordon off. The conflict had push-and-pull effects on the Patkai, intensifying direct state penetration yet reviving long-standing transregional ties with Tibet, China, and Southeast Asia. When ‘national’ borders appeared with Burma and India’s independence two years later, the effect was jarring. As such, the war was a watershed in the postcolonial evolution of northeastern India and northwestern Burma.
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Dutta, Dibyajyoti, and Dibyanjoly Hazarika. "Beyond the Colonial Lens: An Investigation into the Chequered History of Assam Tea." Indian Historical Review 50, no. 2 (December 2023): 322–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03769836231211003.
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This article presents a fresh perspective on tea cultivation in Assam, negating the widely held belief that the British Empire’s introduction to Assam tea symbolised societal advancement and economic growth. This article argues that the primary intention of the British was pure economic that catapulted the destruction of the thick forested areas, marginalised the native population and abolished their kingdoms. Despite this, colonial Assamese elites and mainstream industrialists have glorified the British tea venture. In this attempt of reviewing the history of Assam tea from an alternative point of view, efforts have also been made to analyse how the East India Company’s desire to maintain its monopoly in the Chinese tea trade, the Calcutta Botanical Garden’s desire to uphold the supremacy of the Chinese tea plant, and the military personnel’s quest for new sources of tea played their roles in it.
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Bhuyan, Rashmi Rekha. "Religious Interaction in Early Medieval Kamarupa: An Insight into the Kalikapurana." Indian Historical Review 48, no. 2 (October 10, 2021): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03769836211052098.
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Like all other world religions, Brahmanism and Buddhism, the two prominent religious traditions of India, have histories of development and transformations since their inception. Depending on the socio-economic and political scenario, religions are subject to change, often in their basic beliefs and rituals, and at a certain point of time, the interaction between diverse religious traditions also becomes inevitable. Although opponent by nature in their early philosophies, Buddhism and Brahmanism got entwined at a certain phase of history, when many Buddhist deities and rituals were accommodated within the purview of Brahmanism and vice-versa. In the history of Brahmanical tradition, this interaction is traceable in the narratives of Puranic texts composed during the first millennium years of the Christian Era (ce). For the present study, one such Puranic text: the Kalikapurana, composed in Kamarupa (early Assam) during the early-medieval period, has been taken into account to understand the process of interaction between Brahmanism and Buddhism in the historical context of early Assam. Being primarily Brahmanical religious texts, the Puranas contain traces of Buddhism only in ‘covert’ form: in the form of myth. Focussing on some myths narrated in the Kalikapurana, the present study will discuss the existence of Buddhism in the early-Brahmaputra valley prior to the coming of Brahmanism. It will help us to understand the strategies adopted by the immigrant Brahmins to accommodate the prevailing traits under the purview of Brahmanical Hinduism.
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Singh, Dr Oinam Ranjit, and Eliah Islary. "The Role Of Women In Society: The Bodo Women." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 19, 2019): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8196.
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Throughout in the history, women have been made significant contribution towards the growth, development and sustainability of human society as a whole. Women constitute almost half of the population in the world. However, their enjoyment of rights equally with that of men is far from satisfactory. In every society from ancient to modern times, women are considered as the property of men to serve their interest in both society and domestic front. The position of women always plays a significant role in the growth and development of any society in the world. Assam is a land of numerous tribes having different ethnic and linguistic background since the time immemorial. Among them, the Bodo/Boro are numerically and sociologically one of the most important aboriginal tribes in Assam. Role of Bodo women were confined to her being a wife and a mother as has been depicted in the inscriptions. Yet the historiography on that period confined the study the Status of Bodo women in her society in a various concern areas. The paper is made a humble attempt to highlight the importance of the status of Bodo women or their normal position in the field of socio-cultural, economic, and religious perceptions in the society in the colonial period.
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Singh, Dr Oinam Ranjit, and Umananda Basumatary. "The History Of Education And The Literary Development Of The Bodo In The Brahmaputra Valley." History Research Journal 5, no. 5 (September 27, 2019): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/hrj.v5i5.7916.
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The education is regarded as the invincible element for the development of a society. Without the progress of education the rate of development index of a particular society cannot be measured. The Bodos are the single largest aboriginal tribe living in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam from the time immemorial. They possessed rich socio-cultural tradition and solid language of their own. In the early 19th century on the eve of British intervention in Assam the condition of education among the Bodos was completely in a stake. It was after the adoption of the education policy in Assam by British Government the ray of educational hope reached to the Bodos. It was undeniable fact that the Christian Missionaries also played an important role in disseminating western education among the Bodos through their evangelical objectives in view. They established many schools in the remote places of the Bodo populated areas to spread the education. Besides that the Christian Missionaries left many literary activities among the Bodos as a credit in their account. These missionary activities awaken the educated elite sections of the Bodos to promulgate social reform movement by the means of literary activities. As a consequence in the early part of the 20th century under the banner of Boro Chatra Sanmilani some of the educated Bodo youths had started to publish series of magazines like Bibar, Jenthoka and Alongbar etc. and many others. This process of literary development among the Bodos stimulated the trend of social awakening and paved encouragement to the new generation towards the path of enlightenment.
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Hazarika, Parismita, and Debarshi Prasad Nath. "Bishnuprasad Rabha as Cultural Icon of Assam: The Process of Meaning Making." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 9, no. 1 (March 21, 2017): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v9i1.5241.
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AbstractThe term ‘cultural icon’ is generally used to refer to individuals or images, objects, visual sign, monuments, space etc. In semiotics the term ‘icon’ is used to refer to a sign that bears close resemblance to the object that it stands for. Icons are particularly influential signifiers because they are immediately identifiable and carry complex cultural codes in a compact image. In this paper the understanding of ‘cultural icon’ is not limited to semiotics. Following Keyan Tomaselli and David Scott in Cultural Icons (2009), we believe that cultural icons are purposive constructions. An attempt has been made in this paper to analyze the association of ‘desirable’ meanings to a cultural icon (while dropping ‘undesirable’ ones); thus, it is imperative that we look at the changing socio-political contexts behind such purposive constructions. With this in mind, we look at the iconic figure of Bishnuprasad Rabha who has been one of the most revered figures in the cultural history of Assam and has been appropriated as a cultural icon in different discourses of the national life of Assam that has emerged in recent times.
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LUDDEN, DAVID. "Spatial Inequity and National Territory: Remapping 1905 in Bengal and Assam." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 3 (June 20, 2011): 483–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000357.
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AbstractIn 1905, Viceroy Nathaniel Curzon applied well-worn principles of imperial order to reorganize northeastern regions of British India, bringing the entire Meghna-Brahmaputra river basin into one new administrative territory: the province of Eastern Bengal and Assam. He thereby launched modern territorial politics in South Asia by provoking an expansive and ultimately victorious nationalist agitation to unify Bengal and protect India's territorial integrity. This movement and its economic programme (swadeshi) expressed Indian nationalist opposition to imperial inequity. It established a permanent spatial frame for Indian national thought. It also expressed and naturalized spatial inequity inside India, which was increasing at the time under economic globalization. Spatial inequities in the political economy of uneven development have animated territorial politics in South Asia ever since. A century later, another acceleration of globalization is again increasing spatial inequity, again destabilizing territorial order, as nationalists naturalize spatial inequity in national territory and conflicts erupt from the experience of living in disadvantaged places. Remapping 1905 in the long twentieth century which connects these two periods of globalization, spanning eras of empire and nation, reveals spatial dynamics of modernity concealed by national maps and brings to light a transnational history of spatial inequity shared by Bangladesh and Northeast India.
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Saikia, Baburam. "Marginalisation, Revolt and Adaptation: on Changing the Mayamara Tradition." Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jef-2021-0006.
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Abstract Assam is a land of complex history and folklore situated in North East India where religious beliefs, both institutional and vernacular, are part and parcel of lived folk cultures. Amid the domination and growth of Goddess worshiping cults (sakta) in Assam, the sattra unit of religious and socio-cultural institutions came into being as a result of the neo-Vaishnava movement led by Sankaradeva (1449–1568) and his chief disciple Madhavadeva (1489–1596). Kalasamhati is one among the four basic religious sects of the sattras, spread mainly among the subdued communities in Assam. Mayamara could be considered a subsect under Kalasamhati. Aniruddhadeva (1553–1626) preached the Mayamara doctrine among his devotees on the north bank of the Brahmaputra river. Later his inclusive religious behaviour and magical skill influenced many locals to convert to the Mayamara faith. Ritualistic features are a very significant part of Mayamara devotee’s lives. Among the locals there are some narrative variations and disputes about stories and terminologies of the tradition. Adaptations of religious elements in their faith from Indigenous sources have led to the question of their recognition in the mainstream neo-Vaishnava order. In the context of Mayamara tradition, the connection between folklore and history is very much intertwined. Therefore, this paper focuses on marginalisation, revolt in the community and narrative interpretation on the basis of folkloristic and historical groundings. The discussion will reflect upon the beliefs, ritualistic aspects, and myths of the tradition. Fieldwork materials will be employed to discuss the tension between local practices and mainstream neo-Vaishnava influence.
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Khadria, Nandita. "Book Reviews : RAJEN SAIKIA, Social and Economic History of Assam 1853-1921, Delhi, Manohar, 2000, pp. 258, Rs 400." Studies in History 19, no. 2 (August 2003): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/025764300301900208.
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Roy, Tirthankar. "Book Reviews : RAJEN SAIKIA, Social and Economic History of Assam, 1853-1921, Manohar, New Delhi, 2000, pp. 258." Indian Economic & Social History Review 40, no. 1 (January 2003): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000108.
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Hansepi, Laxmi, and Rena Laisram. "Ritual of the Dead: Karbi Chomangkan Festival in Its Cultural Context." Religions 13, no. 6 (June 5, 2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13060510.
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Like most tribal societies, the socio-religious system of the Karbis of Assam also largely conforms to the belief in magic, spirits, and the ancestor cult. The Chomangkan is one of the most important rituals of the Karbis and mirrors their philosophy of life and death. The Karbis believe that the Chomangkan guides the soul of the dead in its journey to the afterlife, but it is not an immediate funeral ritual, and the relatives of the deceased usually take years to perform it on account of its expensive and elaborate nature. An essential aspect of the ritual is the singing of the oral epics Kacharhe Alun and Mosera Kihir, which are compositions that recount the migration history of the Karbis as the dead embarks on its journey to the ‘village of the ancestors’. The Karbis, who are a clan-based society, have been influenced by Hinduism and Christianity in the last few decades, which has led to a synthesis of the new faiths with the traditional belief system. Therefore, Chomangkan has become a rare ritual, which makes its documentation crucial to preserving Karbi history and culture. Using ethnographic research methods, this paper attempts to critically examine continuity and change in the ‘ritual of the dead’, or Chomangkan, practiced among the Karbi community in Assam. It will also provide insights into the ways in which Chomangkan as a community festival offers an opportunity for the clans and sub-clans to express solidarity, symbolizing the integration of the Karbi lineages in the face of a changing cultural context through various periods of its history.
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Hazarika, Bhabesh, and Kishor Goswami. "Micro-entrepreneurship Development in the Handloom Industry." International Journal of Rural Management 14, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005218754437.
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Women entrepreneurship is gaining importance all over the world for addressing the development issues of women. Since the inception of the five-year plans, the Government of India has been giving attention towards mitigating the development issues of women such as labour force participation, empowerment, education and gender inequality. Women-owned micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are contributing significantly towards the economic development of the nation through employment and income generation, poverty eradication, and by bringing entrepreneurial diversity in the economic activities. The handloom industry offers an appropriate setting to analyse the significance of the rural women-owned micro-enterprises towards local economic development. With archaic hand-operated looms, the production mechanism takes place mostly in the rural areas. The present article analyses the factors that affect tribal women to own a handloom micro-enterprise. It is based on primary data collected at firm level from two major tribes in Assam, namely Bodo and Mising. The data were collected from five different districts in Assam where tribal communities are operating handloom businesses. Within the framework of random utility model of economic choice, the findings of the probit model show that age, knowing other handloom micro-entrepreneurs, past history of family business, access to borrowing and risk-taking behaviour have significant and positive influences on the decision of a woman in becoming a handloom micro-entrepreneur. The study suggests for an all-inclusive policy approach for the overall development of handloom industry in the tribal areas.
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Mazinder, Dr Raj Kumar. "GREAT HERITAGE OF LIVING MASK MAKING TRADITION IN ASSAM: A CASE STUDY ON SRI SRI BOR ALENGI BOGIAI SATRA, TITABOR, JORHAT DISTRICT, ASSAM." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 4, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v4.i1.2023.238.
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Masks are artificial faces or covering of partial and whole body for concealment, usually to assume and to create various emotions and states of mind as love, anger, hate, fury, joy, fear, disgust, humour, sorrow etc. Sometimes people use mask to hide feeling or as layers or covers to conceal or safety shield of the person. The tradition of creating and utilizing masks in medieval Assam is thought-provoking, particularly wooden and bamboo masks. Neo-Vaishnavism or worship of Lord Vishnu/ Krishna was spread throughout Assam by the great saint Srimanta Sankaradeva (1449–1568) as part of the resurrection of unwavering devotion that occurred over all of India (bhakti). Sri Sri Bor Alengi Bogiai Satra is a renowned Neo- Vaishnavite monastery of Jorhat district, near the river Kakodonga. The particular Satra has lengthy and gorgeous tradition of the bamboo split made mask- making and its significant uses at the Vaishnavite Bhaona/ theatre based on Bhagavata- Purana texts and written by Srimanta Sankaradevaa and his followers. It is relevant to note that Jorhat district including River Island Majuli (now a district) is the prime centre of Neo-Vaishnavism in Assam, where significant tradition of mask making is sustained in several Satras. The paper has examined the history of the Sri Sri Bor Alengi Bogiai Satra as well as the economic, social, cultural, and aesthetic relevance of the masks and its great heritage of living tradition.
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Ahmad, Rana Zaheer, Fuad Ameen, Rida Khalid, Mousa A. Alghuthaymi, Reem Alsalmi, and Chunjie Li. "A Brief History of Endophyte Detection Techniques in Grasses." Sustainable Agriculture Research 8, no. 3 (July 27, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v8n3p66.
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Endophytes are the plant mutualists that live asymptomatically inside plant tissue and are found in nearly whole plant kingdom. Endophytic fungi receive shelter and nutrition from host plants and in return provide great advantages to the host. Grasses are a useful forage species and are of great agricultural and socio-economic value. The presence of endophytes in these grasses provide protection, persistence and improved yield against herbivores, insects, pathogens, drought and several other biotic and abiotic stresses. This review summarizes traditional and modern molecular techniques to identify endophytes from turf and forage grasses. Traditional approaches include direct observation, staining, laser micro dissection and pressure catapulting and cultivation-dependent methods that provide a morphological identification of endophytic mycobiota in grass tissues. Earlier studies on endophytes using these methods resulted in several technical implications which molecular approaches are able to solve now-a-days. Molecular approaches include DNA extraction, PCR based DNA Fingerprinting techniques, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, Sanger sequencing, Pyrosequencing, Immunoblot assay, Biosensors, DNA Barcoding and Molecular Phylogenetics etc. A comparison of these detection techniques will facilitate other researchers as well to develop new ways for the detection of endophytes that will contribute to the improvement of grassland in future.
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Borah, Madhur, Chandana Deka, and Parimita Roychoudhury. "Determinants of Health Seeking Behaviours among Tribal Mothers having LBW Babies in a Rural District of Assam." Journal of Medical Sciences and Health 8, no. 2 (September 15, 2022): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46347/jmsh.v8i2.21.23.
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Background: Health seeking behaviour of mothers plays an important part in the well-being of low birth weight (LBW) babies. Infant mortality is very high in Assam and care seeking behaviours of mothers influence the health outcomes of infants. Objective: This study was attempted with the objective of assessing the prevailing care seeking behaviours among mothers from tribal community for their LBW babies during their first year of life. Materials & Methods: A cross section study was conducted among 112 tribal mothers of LBW babies in a rural block of Kamrup district of Assam. A predesigned pretested questionnaire was used to collect data among mothers of LBW babies after obtaining informed consent, regarding socio-demographic characteristics of mothers, feeding and care practices for LBW babies, knowledge on special care to LBW babies, health seeking behaviours of mothers. Collected data compiled, tabulated and analysed using appropriate software. Results: Our study found that 87.5% of mothers could recognize LBW condition. Most of them (84.8%) understood the need for special care to their LBW babies. Exclusive breastfeeding, good nutrition to mother and baby, Kangaroo Mother Care, delayed bathing were some of the special care practices adopted by our study population. In our study 30% mothers were found to be practising KMC. Conclusion: On analysis of determinants of health seeking behaviours we found that adequate exposure of mothers to mass media was significantly associated with appropriate health seeking behaviours. Keywords: Health seeking behaviours, Low birth weight, Tribal mothers, Breastfeeding, Kangaroo mother care
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Magfira, Nurul, and Hariza Adnani. "HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN RIWAYAT GENETIK DENGAN KADAR ASAM URAT DI POSYANDU CINTA LANSIA." Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan 12, no. 2 (August 6, 2021): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.26751/jikk.v12i2.1033.
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Adding age causes some changes both physically and mentally. These changes affect a person's condition both psychological, physiological, and socio-economic aspects and experience various complaints and health problems such as increased uric acid levels in the blood (hyperuricemia). This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity and genetic history with uric acid levels at the Cinta Lansia Banguntapan Bantul posyandu. The research design was a survey analysis with a case control study design. The research sample was 34 elderly using purposive sampling. Collecting data using the PAL form and data analysis using the Chi - Square test. The results of this study showed that those corelated with gout in the elderly were physical activity (P value = 0.007, OR = 15.00) and genetic history (P value = 0.004, OR = 10.714). It is recommended for elderly posyandu cadres to improve the elderly exercise program and strive for health promotion in the community related to gout and its prevention.
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Saad Aldin, Ammar. "History and Development of the National Library of Syria." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 69, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2020-69-2-173-181.
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In the context of the decreasing intensity of the armed conflict, but still ongoing crisis in the Syrian Arab Republic (Syria), preservation of the historical and cultural monuments, including manuscript ones, is important for the country and its future. Al-Assad National Library of Syria has a leading role in the preservation of the documentary heritage of the country. The history of the emergence and development of the National Library of Syria has a number of political, cultural and social features. At present, Russian universities are updating the Arabic country studies. The author notes that the number of publications on the history and development of librarianship in Syria in the Russian professional press is insufficient, thus confirming the relevance of the present study. The fact that the National Library has survived despite the war is of great value to the Syrian people, the Arab world and the UNESCO World Heritage. The article considers the emergence, formation and development of the Al-Assad National Library of Syria. The author shows the revival of the first National library in the territory of Syria (Az-Zahiriya Library) during the Ottoman occupation and describes the historical and political situation that accompanied its appearance. The article highlights the main sources of the formation of Az-Zahiriya Library collections in the late nineteenth century. The author provides analytical information on the growth dynamics of its collections and considers the significant role of Az-Zahiriya National Library during the French mandate in Syria and after gaining independence. In the 1970s, strengthening processes of progressive socio-economic and cultural transformations led to the emergence of Al-Assad National Library, which became the new National library of Syria. The article analyses the main stages of creation of Al-Assad National Library and presents its main characteristics and challenges at present.
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Roy, Surajit, Ujwal Bhattacharya, Kritica Boruah, and Urvashi Bhattacharya. "Frequency Of Low Back Pain and Other Associated Musculoskeletal Disorders In City Bus Conductors of Guwahati city, Assam, India." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 9, no. 4 (July 11, 2021): 3876–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2021.134.
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Background: Work-related musculoskeletal discomfort, especially low back pain (LBP) leads to substantial economic loss to individuals as well as to the community. Musculoskeletal disorders not only lead to loss of health but also loss of wealth. Bus conductors who are an important population in the community are at an increased risk of developing musculoskeletal symptoms. Their jobs involve prolonged standing and walking inside the bus for whole day which have been identified as risk factors for musculoskeletal discomfort. Materials and methods: A survey of 100 bus conductors from different bus routes between the age group of 20 to 50 years, having at least 1-year working history and standing for 5 h/day, was conducted in Guwahati city of Assam state. Those with a history of trauma, preexisting medical conditions, or musculoskeletal deformities were excluded. Prevalence of LBP was assessed using Oswestry disability low back Pain Questionnaire, musculoskeletal discomfort was assessed by using Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire. Mean, standard deviation and percentage was calculated for analysis. Result: The mean for Oswestry disability low back pain score is 23.26 and SD is ±9.8786. According to Oswestry disability LBP interpretation score it falls under 21- 40 percent- moderate disability. CMDQ scoring shows the mean SD is higher in lower back, neck and both the knees. The result of the study shows that bus conductors have a higher susceptibility to the back, neck and knees. Conclusion: The bus conductors work continuously for long periods and their severe workload results in the development of disability in lower back. The conductors suffer from MSD in different parts of their body, particularly the lower back, neck and both knees, regions which hinders their normal work activities. Thus, it can be concluded that the bus conductors are highly stressed in their occupation due to the hazardous working condition and work behaviour, which also affects their health and overall work performance. KEY WORDS: Low back pain, Musculoskeletal disorder, Work related musculoskeletal disorder, Bus conductors, Oswestry disability low back pain questionnaire, Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire.
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Sharma, Dhruba, B. K. Dutta, and A. B. Singh. "Dust Mites Population in Indoor Houses of Suspected Allergic Patients of South Assam, India." ISRN Allergy 2011 (June 7, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/576849.
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Background. In the present study, quality and quantity of indoor dust mites was evaluated at the residence of 150 atopic allergic patients from four different districts of South Assam. Methods. Suspected patients with case history of allergic disease were selected for indoor survey. Dust samples (500 mg) were collected from the selected patient's house and were analyzed using standard methods. Results. About 60% of the selected patients were found suffering from respiratory disorders and rest 40% from skin allergy. The dominant mites recorded from indoor dust samples were Dermatophagoides followed by Blomia, Acarus, and Cheyletus while Caloglyphus was recorded in least number. The distribution of mites on the basis of housing pattern indicates that RCC type of buildings supports maximum dust mite's population followed by Assam type (semi-RCC) buildings, and the lowest count was observed in wooden houses. Environmental factors like temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity are found to determine the indoor mite's population. Severity of allergic attack in some of the typical cases was found to be proportional to the allergen load of mites in the dust samples. Conclusions. The economic status, housing pattern, and local environmental factors determine the diversity and abundance of dust mites in indoor environment.
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Sen, Samita. "“Without His Consent?”: Marriage and Women's Migration in Colonial India." International Labor and Working-Class History 65 (April 2004): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547904000067.
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An examination of the diverse patterns of women's migration challenges abiding stereotypes of Indian history: the urban worker as a male “peasant-proletariat” and women as inhabiting a timeless rural past. When men opted for circulation between town and country, wives and children undertook the actual labor of cultivation for the survival of “peasant-proletariat” households. Men retained their status as heads of the family and, even though absent for long periods, their proprietary interests in the village. Yet towards the end of the nineteenth century, many unhappy, deserted, and barren wives, widows, and other women were able to escape to the burgeoning cities of Calcutta and Bombay and the coal mines, where they experienced new processes of social and economic marginalization.Much attention has been given to women's migration to overseas colonies and the Assam teagardens. Such migration has been seen as doubly negative, not only harnessing women to the exploitative contract regimes, but also subjecting them to sexual violation. A general assumption is that women were deceived, decoyed and even “kidnapped,” since there was no possibility of “voluntary” migration by women. Such a view of women's recruitment was produced by a variety of interests opposed to women's, especially married women's, migration, and eventually influenced the colonial state to legally prohibit, in 1901, women's “voluntary” migration to Assam plantations. This provision was an explicit endorsement of male claims on women's labor within the family.
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Pandey, Satyendra Kr. "Inter-State Border Conflict in North-East India with Special Reference to Assam Nagaland Border Conflict." Addaiyan Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 10 (January 5, 2020): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss.1.10.8.
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This paper is an attempt to study the inter-state border disputes in north-east India with special reference to Assam-Nagaland border conflict in the border areas of Golaghat district. The north-east region of India comprising of eight states has been gradually transforming into a conflicting area that breaks the harmony between the states and also undermines the concept of north-east India as a prosperous and culturally rich region of India. Due to some social, political and economic issues, this north east India divided into various states which were under the same umbrella at a time. Several inter-state disputes take place in this region with the upcoming of political and social unrest. The Naga insurgency that started in the late 1950’s is known as one of the unresolved armed conflicts in India. So, through this paper the researcher makes an attempt to study how the recent Naga-Assamese clash happened in the border areas of Golaghat district is responsible for breaking down of communal harmony, humanity, and inter-state peace process. As the dispute between Assam and Nagaland is currently the most prominent with a history of violent clashes between border areas, this paper aims to concentrate mainly on this issue. Moreover this paper will try to examine the role of the government regarding the above issue. Thus the above issues will be highlighted in the paper.
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Sharma, Nabanita. "Commodities trade, river transport and colonialism: The Brahmaputra river valley in the nineteenth century." Indian Economic & Social History Review 59, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194646211065355.
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The article seeks to show how Assam’s riverine environment, and its natural resources, generated and inflected a process of commercialisation in the nineteenth century. Historically, present-day Assam was connected to the rest of the world through the Brahmaputra river and its tributaries. In the early decades of colonial rule, plants such as caoutchouc and tea were discovered in the valley. These developments, together with transportation networks built with state and private capital, heralded a new phase of commerce in the region. A rich scholarship in South Asian history has shown how the river played a crucial role in the economic changes in different regions. The article belongs in that scholarship but stresses the role of the river as an artery of transportation rather than as an agricultural resource. The river system facilitated Assam’s closer integration with the world economy and the colonial regime.
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BEHAL, RANA P. "Coolie Drivers Or Benevolent Paternalists? British Tea Planters in Assam and the Indenture Labour System." Modern Asian Studies 44, no. 1 (September 18, 2009): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x09990059.
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AbstractThis paper traces the evolution of the indenture labour system in the tea plantations of Assam and, simultaneously, the shaping of the attitudes of British planters towards the labour force. Also explored are: the significant fact that only a small number of British managerial personnel were in charge of a huge migrant labour force; how the need to step up tea production for the competitive world market while keeping down costs—i.e. labour costs, being the main production cost—fostered an exploitative labour system, with planters taking frequent recourse to physical and economic coercion; and the ensuing extra-legal measures needed to keep the labour force under control. The paper also demonstrates that the colonial state was in full cognizance of the injustices of the labour system. Legislation by the government had laid the foundations of the indenture system and, while there were provisions for protecting the interests of labour force, these were on the whole ignored, with the state turning a blind eye to the planters’ use of physical and other extra-legal measures. One instance involved Chief Commissioner Henry Cotton, who attacked the injustices of the system. This attack was silenced swiftly, and the stance taken by Viceroy Curzon as the incident played out is a clear pointer to the government's willingness, to side with tea-industry interests at all costs.
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Sutradhar, Kartik Chandra. "Role of Maharaja Naranarayana in the Consolidation of the Koch Kingdom: A Historical Study." International Journal of Historical Insight and Research 8, no. 2 (August 10, 2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/ijhir.2022.08.02.002.
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The name of Maharaja Naranarayan is almost unknown to the people of Bengal or Assam, not only that there is no sign of the name of the Maharaja in the history of India; but once he was a remarkable King or Monarch who placed the Koch Kingdom on the fame and glorious position in the soil of North east India. He became the challenging figure in the larger areas of North east India defeating the contemporary rulers gradually one by one, namely Ahom Kingdom, Kachhar, Jayantiya, Manipur and Dimrua. Maharaja not only defeated his rivalry and consolidated his empire, but also he took a diplomatic policy like Samudragupta, the great Gupta King because in spite of wining the native states in the North east India he returned the concerned Kingdoms to the native rulers by getting annual tribute and yielding. But unfortunately the name of the great king including the history of the other rulers of the Koch Kingdom has not get any place in the history of India. Beside the expansion and consolidation of the Koch Kingdom he established peace and integrity maintaining the cultural assimilation and economic development in the Koch Kingdom. In the present article the achievement of this great Koch King will be highlighted.
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KHAN, RUBY, and BAKHT PARI. "INFECTION PREVALANCE IN PATIENTS OF PESHAWAR, KP, PAKISTAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 1 (February 26, 2024): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v5i1.357.
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This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of HIV infection among intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Peshawar, KP, Pakistan, shedding light on the socio-demographic factors associated with the spread of the virus. A total of 280 patients were purposively selected from Dost Welfare Foundation Hospital and its affiliated branches between April and July 2017. The research employed a comprehensive approach, gathering data on patients' detailed medical history, signs, and symptoms, incorporating age and weight parameters to ascertain HIV presence. Blood samples were meticulously collected and subjected to analysis using both Immune Chromatography Technique (ICT) and Enzyme-linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) for HIV detection. Results revealed a substantial 23.5% prevalence of HIV infection among drug users, with a notable higher prevalence observed among IDUs. Gender-wise disparities were evident, with higher prevalence in males, along with unmarried individuals and those grappling with poor socioeconomic status. This study underscores the urgent need for community-oriented awareness and educational initiatives targeting IDUs to mitigate the further spread of HIV infection. Additionally, the implementation of stringent protocols for the safe disposal of contaminated needles and the prevention of unscreened blood transfusions is imperative. The research advocates for a multifaceted approach, combining medical interventions with social and educational strategies to address the complex socio-economic factors contributing to the prevalence of HIV in this vulnerable population.
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Saikia, Kandarpa. "FLOOD AND RIVER BANK EROSION IN MIDDLE BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIO –ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ON THE STUDY AREA." Volume-2: Issue-2 (February, 2020) 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss.2.2.2.
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The mighty Brahmaputra that flows centrally through the whole valley of Assam is the lifeline for 3.11crore people of Assam, and its neighboring states like West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Bhutan, and bordering country like Bangladesh. Flood and erosion by the Brahmaputra River in Middle Assam Brahmaputra Valley is a burning problem of the state with its tremendous impact on the socio-economic development of people. The paper is an effort to deal with the following objectives: To understands the causes of flood and erosion by the Brahmaputra River in Middle Assam Brahmaputra Valley; To shed light on the overall Socio-economic impact of the flood and riverbank erosion; To study the changing patterns of economic activities in the area.
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Ghosh, Prosenjit, Anweshan Ghosh, and Madhurima Khasnabis. "Prevalence of smartphone addiction: correlates of smartphone use and its association with social phobia in post-graduate medical students in Assam." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211242.
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Background: Smartphone use has become pervasive in everyday lives of university students. Excessive smartphone use leads to various physical problems, as well as psychological issues like reduced academic achievement, social interactions, and leading to relationship problems. Depression, loneliness and anxiety have emerged as important predictors of smartphone addiction. Social anxiety also known as social phobia is an intense anxiety or fear of being negatively judged or rejected in a socially demanding situation. This may lead to individuals avoiding face-to-face interaction and increasingly engaging in online interaction. Medical post-graduate students are more vulnerable to stress due to the demanding nature of their course as well as extensive smartphone users. Objectives of the study were to see the socio-demographic distribution of the post-graduate medical students, to assess the pattern of smart phone use and prevalence of smartphone addiction in the post-graduate medical students, to see the association of smartphone addiction with pattern of use and to see the association of smartphone addiction with social phobia among the study participantsMethods: This study was cross-sectional non-interventional study. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect information from 70 postgraduate medical students. The data was collected the smartphone addiction scale-short version and Liebowitz social anxiety scale. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 23.Results: Majority of the participants were female, in the age group 26-30 years, single, belonging to upper middle class of an urban locality, with no past history of psychiatric illness. Most common functionality was social networking. The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 28.6% with similar gender predisposition. 37.1% of the study participants were found to have social phobia.Conclusions: No association was found between smartphone addiction and social phobia. The smartphone addiction was found to have significant association with pattern of use and duration of use (p<0.05).
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Saikia, Bidisha, and Kevin Bales. "Monitoring and Measuring the Ineffable." International Journal of Asian Christianity 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 122–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25424246-06010007.
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Abstract We present an analysis of the work of Religious Sisters in Assam, India. They are involved in anti-slavery/anti-human trafficking work, as well as driving fundamentally feminist, economic equality, and human rights agendas within the wider communities in which they live. Their work resembles that of Non-Governmental Organisations, but unlike most ngo s, the Sisters tend not to: produce annual reports, carry out evaluation exercises, prepare grant proposals, or set ‘key performance indicators’. This raises three questions: firstly, while the voluntary sector increasingly requires monitoring and evaluation, what are the methods the Sisters use to achieve social change? Secondly, the Sisters are not trained ngo employees, so what skill sets do they bring to the work? Thirdly, how effective is their work by their own assessment and outside evaluators? We identify six philosophical/spiritual orientations that shape their working practices and a methodology of accompaniment – living directly with those the Sisters work to support in change. While there are no educational/training certifications, there is a rite de passage that every woman must accomplish – the recognition of a divine calling to service and the encompassing commitment of a vocation.
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Mech, Krishna. "EX- TEA GARDEN TRIBE AND LABOUR MOBILITY: A LOOK AT CHANGING DYNAMISM OF LABOUR IN SONITPUR DISTRICT, ASSAM." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 04 (April 30, 2022): 656–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14598.
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This paper examines the changing dynamics of labour of the Ex- Tea garden tribe from the Tea garden tribe in the Sonitpur District of Assam. Hence, factors such as migration or labour mobility, social, economic, cultural, and political aspects have been taken into account for understanding the socio-economic contribution of the Ex-Tea garden tribe labour population in the region. The paper also argues that Ex- Tea garden tribe labour despite their distinct identity and socio-economic contribution to the region is overlooked in different aspects of society in the region. This endangers the growth and development of Ex- Tea garden tribe labour community in various fields in the Sonitpur District of Assam.
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Birhanu, Worku, Asamenew Tesfaye, Yitbarek Getachew, and Haileleul Negussie. "Seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus and detection of persistently infected (PI) animals in dairy farms of Holeta, central Ethiopia." Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 28, no. 1 (March 18, 2024): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v28i1.5.
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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important pathogens of the reproductive systems that have a significant socio economic impact on the dairy industry. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 17 randomly selected farms out of 133 registered dairy farms in Holeta, a town in the Walmera district of Ethiopia. The study aimed to detect BVDV antigen-positive animals and investigate the seroprevalence of BVDV infection. A total of 337 serum samples were collected from selected farms with no history of BVDV vaccination. The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) test was the screening test used to detect antibodies against BVDV. In contrast, antigencapture ELISA was used for the detection of BVDV antigens in seronegative animals. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between potential predictors and BVDV exposure. The overall animal level seroprevalence was 15.4%, and 64.7% of the herds had at least one seropositive animal. From 285 seronegative animals, one animal (0.4%) was found positive for BVDV antigen. The same animal was found positive in a double check 21 days later. In this study, cows with a history of abortion (OR = 6.3; 95% CI: 1.61 -13.1), history of repeated breeding (OR = 7; 95% CI: 2.5 - 14.3), animals managed intensively (OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.6 - 13.0) and multiparous cows (OR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.5 - 8.9) had higher proportion of seroreactors in their respective comparison category (p<0.05). Besides, cows with a history of congenital defective calve birth (OR = 15.2; 95% CI: 3.2 - 73.6), adult age groups (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.0-7.9), and cows bred both artificially and natural mating (OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.7 - 12.6) were statistically associated with BVDV seropositivity (p<0.05). In conclusion, this report demonstrated the presence of persistently infected (PI) dairy cattle in Ethiopia. Thus, the findings warrant the need for immediate control intervention that involves both screening and culling of PI animals and vaccination.
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Saikia, Kaberi, and Doli Deori. "Geriatric Health Care Utilization in Selected Rural Area of Assam." International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope 05, no. 02 (2024): 873–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47857/irjms.2024.v05i02.0674.
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Health care utilization is a critical aspect reflecting the effectiveness and accessibility of services, shaped by factors such as proximity, waiting times, privacy, affordability, and treatment efficacy. To delve into this realm, a community-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken, focusing on the geriatric population. Employing a multi-stage random sampling technique, 350 individuals aged 60 years and above were selected from two Community Development Blocks in Kamrup district, Assam. Data collection involved a structured interview schedule, incorporating socio-demographic profiles through Pareek and Trivedi's socio-economic Rural scale and an additional 25 items to assess health care service utilization among the elderly. The results highlighted a higher percentage of females (61.28%) compared to males (48.63%), with a significant portion being widows, illiterate, and unemployed. Socio-economic class-IV accounted for the majority (62.57%) of the participants. Notably, 65.71% of the elderly moderately utilized health care services, while 24.57% inadequately accessed them. Marital status, family type, occupation, and socio-economic class exhibited varying impacts on health care service utilization. The study underscores the pressing need to enhance the overall wellbeing of rural elderly individuals. Proposing community-based geriatric health care services, leveraging existing rural health infrastructure, emerges as a viable solution to address the needs of this demographic group.
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Dutta, Swapna. "Socio-economic status of muslim women in Lakhimpur district of Assam." ADVANCE RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE 6, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/arjss/6.1/56-60.
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D’Cruze, Neil, Bhagat Singh, Aniruddha Mookerjee, Lauren A. Harrington, and David W. Macdonald. "A socio-economic survey of pangolin hunting in Assam, Northeast India." Nature Conservation 30 (December 3, 2018): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.30.27379.
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India has been identified as a source country for the illegal international trade in endangered pangolins, “scaly mammalian anteaters”, widely considered as the “world’s most trafficked mammal”. In this study, we investigated the involvement of hunters belonging principally to three locally prominent tribes (Biate, Dimasa and Karbi) in Assam State, Northeast India. Based on the results of interviews with 141 individuals, we conclude that all three tribal groups engaged in pangolin hunting between 2011 and 2016. Although pangolin meat is used locally, we found that hunters largely targeted pangolins for their scales and that substantial commercial gain via urban middlemen has now supplanted low-level traditional use as the primary driver for this activity. On average, each hunter captured one pangolin per year with the potential to earn 9,000 INR (135 USD) for a single animal (equating to approximately four months average income). The majority of hunters (89%) stated that pangolins were less abundant than they were five years ago, which suggests off-take is unsustainable. All hunters interviewed appeared to hunt pangolins occasionally, regardless of tribe, demography or income, which suggests that any mitigation strategy should focus on rural hunters. Whilst interventions to reduce poverty are no doubt required, we argue that such interventions alone are unlikely to be effective in reducing pangolin hunting. Rather, there is a need for co-ordinated packages of mutually reinforcing interventions to address this pangolin hunting in a more comprehensive manner. In particular, implementing a demand reduction strategy targeting urban consumers is urgently required.
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Hazarika, Kakali. "Socio-economic status of female workers of tea industry of Assam." Agricultural Research Journal 56, no. 4 (2019): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-146x.2019.00121.2.
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Mech, Utpal. "POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF COLONIAL ASSAM IN NINETEENTH CENTURY." International Journal of Advanced Research 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 1337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/9171.
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Rahman, Mehjabeen Suraiya. "Role of Satra & Namghar in the Evolution of Genesis of Assamese Identity." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2015): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.12143.
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Assam is the home of different ethnic groups with a variety of cultures and speaking different languages and dialects. The population of Assam consists of the inhabitants who migrated into the region at various periods of history from Tibet, Burma, Thailand and Bengal etc. Over time they got integrated as a population and have given birth to the greater Assamese nation. The amalgamated Assamese identity was initiated by the Great Saint Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva with his Neo-Vaishnavite Movement. The movement evolved new institutions of Satra and Namghar which began to serve not only as the instrument spreading the faith, but also helped to sustain and to stabilize Vaishnavism by making it a part and parcel of Assamese social and cultural life.Though Neo Vaishnavism was a religious movement but it has defined the culture of Assam & has its bearing on the livelihood. As the doyen of cultural renaissance and harbinger of Bhakti Movement, Sankardeva took on the orthodox elements of the society and introduced cultural initiatives like Bhaonas & Borgeet etc which had in actual defined the Assamese identity With its dynamic philosophy of inclusiveness Sankardeva’s Neo-Vaishnavism has given birth to a new Cultural Nationalism focused on a national identity shaped by cultural traditions and language, not on the concept of common ancestry or race. The Cultural Nationalism was brought forward to the indigenous people with the help of Satras and Namghar which has a major role to play in the preservation and development of the indigenous culture of the region.The paper is an attempt to study the role of the institutions of Neo Vaishnavism, the Satra & Namghar in the evolution of genesis of Assamese identity and its inclusiveness in nation building. The managerial structure and operations of the Satra shall also be explored in the perspective of its position in the modern Assamese Society in the study. The paper shall go in toe area wherein in the genesis of the Assamese Identity, the Namghar is one of the major pole bearers, playing the multi-faceted role of Cultural Centre, Proto-type Panchayat, and Forum for Decentralized Planning and Decision-making.The paper is also an attempt to understand the impact of Neo-Vaisnavism on the Economic Organization of the society along with the role of women and their empowerment for the sustainable development of a progressive & egalitarian Assamese. Key Words- Cultural Renaissance, Inclusiveness, NationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.12143 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-2: 108-113
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Sultana, Gazi Zakia, Md Moniruzzaman, Tania Mannan, and Rosy Sultana. "Seroprevalence of Subclinical HEV Infection in Healthy Pregnant Urban Dwellers of Bangladesh: Identification of Possible Risk Factors." Journal of Enam Medical College 8, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v8i2.36731.
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Background: Hepatitis caused by hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is not uncommon in developing countries. It is usually a self-limiting conferring immunity against subsequent infection. However, HEV infection during pregnancy results in varying degree of morbidity, often fatal. The present study was designed to find out the seroprevalence of subclinical HEV infection during pregnancy at different trimesters without history of hepatitis.Materials and Methods: A total 255 asymptomatic healthy pregnant women of three trimesters (85×3=255) with no history of jaundice were included in this cross-sectional study. The subjects were sub-grouped according to socioeconomic status and education level. HEV IgG antibody in serum was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results were expressed as number (percent). Chi-square, Odds Ratio and 95% CI were calculated as applicable. Data analyses were carried out using statistical package for social science for Windows Version 15.0. A p<0.05 was taken as level of significance.Results: Seropositivity for HEV IgG was 38% (96/255) in pregnant women; the higher percentages were recorded in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters − 41% and 46% respectively. The seropositivity of HEV IgG was significantly high in pregnant women with low education level ((p=0.001; OR=2.70, 95% CI=1.602−4.575) and low socioeconomic status (OR=7.54, 95% CI=4.118−13.029) having monthly income below 27,000 taka (p=0.001).Conclusion: Data concluded that seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG is higher at third trimester in pregnant women in Bangladesh where low socio-economic status and less education level were identified as possible risk factors. Appropriate measures may diminish the possible exposure to infection and reduce maternal mortality.J Enam Med Col 2018; 8(2): 85-89
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Borthakur, Aradhana, and Pritirekha Boruah. "Microfinance as a Tool of Socio Economic Empowerment of Rural Women." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48940.
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Abstract: Micro finance has become a tool of empowering the underprivileged people in the society. It plays a prominent role in the developing countries of Asia. These countries are having lots of success stories where the poor and backward people could manage to have sustainable source of revenue for themselves through microfinance. It is observed that in maximum cases women are plying a vital role in the use of micro finance through the self help groups (SHGs). This paper tries to see the impact of micro finance on the rural women of Assam - a state which is very near to Bangladesh, the country where microfinance has got tremendous response from the women folk. Through the research it was tried to see the impact of microfinance from the socio economic perspective of the North East India. The paper is based on primary data collected from the women respondents of rural area who have experience of working with the SHGs. The paper concluded that the micro finance has contributed to the empowerment of women in rural Assam and hence micro finance has a great future in this part of India.
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Sarma, Hemen, Jnanashree Borah, and Tirthankar Sarma. "Socio-cultural Status of Dairy Farmers of Nepalese Community of Guwahati Metropolitan area of Assam, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 08 (2022): S217—S224. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i08s.033.
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Commercial dairy farming in Assam had begun during the British period. After establishing a bond with Nepal through signing the treaty of Segowali in 1816, the British Government encouraged the migration of Gorkhas from Nepal with their families permanently to Assam, and some other parts of India. After the Yandaboo treaty in 1826 the Gorkha army men along with the British reached Burma and the kinsman of the gorkha soldiers accompanied them were offered to rear buffaloes there as sundry activities (Upadhaya, 2017). The Nepalese thereafter have been continuing the said activities as prime business in different parts of Assam. To perform any activity, profit is a major economic factor which is directly linked with the social transformation and economic change. The profit of the dairy farmers is directly linked with some factors such as investment pattern, supply of milk, engagement of labour and cost of feeds, etc. Like the other dairy farmers, the dairy farmers basically the Gorkhas or the Nepalese of the Guwahati Metropolitan Area are also mainly dependent for their livelihood on the profitability of milk production and this profitability directly influences the economic and social status of the dairy farmers living in this area.
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Singh, Prabhat K. "Adivasis in Assam Issues and Concent." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 13, no. 2 (July 2013): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x1301300216.
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Adivasis of Assam, whose forefathers had migrated to Assam Tea Gardens in search of their food and livelihood as the labourers, today, they are popularly known as Tea Tribes. These tea tribes are not enlisted in the list of Scheduled tribes by the Assam government, though; their brethrens are scheduled tribes in Chotanagpur of central India. Surprisingly, the Scheduled tribes of Assam also do net recognize them as the tribe; and their agony and apathy often results into conflict and bloodshed. This paper deals with the background of Adivasis in Assam in the first part, and the second part deals with the Socio-economic situation of Adivasis of Assam. In the third part, a discussion on the concept of tribe as understanding the tribe has been done, and finally some issues and concern for Adivasis have been discussed.
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Sheikh, Nasir Uddin, and Raja Narayanan. "A prospective study of various services utilization under the WADI project of NABARD by Tribal Women of Goalpara District." International Journal of Professional Business Review 7, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): e0654. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2022.v7i3.e0654.
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Purpose: The purpose of the Study is to evaluate challenges and opportunities of various services utilization under the WADI project of NABARD by Tribal Women of Goalpara in the prospective of study design.
Theoretical Framework: There is a significant role of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in the socio-economic development of India in the perspective of the development of a sustainable development approach of livelihood for underprivileged people in the backward regions of India. In these consequences, a project of Wasteland Development in India (WADI) is a master plan NABARD for socio-economic development in the backward region of India, especially for promoting a sustainable development approach for scheduled tribes of India.
Approach: The study is based on the review of related literature to study the various service utilisations under the WADI projects in the Goalpara district of Assam. For the purpose of the study various literatures, books, magazines, papers, newspapers and articles have been reviewed. Literature search revealed 121 articles or 99 abstracts, and citations showed 22 investigations. 39 publications did not meet the study's inclusion requirements, and 32 abstracts were rejected, 23 from non-English sources. 27 relevant peer-reviewed publications were chosen based on the inclusion criteria.
Finding and social Implications: The findings of the study show that the implementation of master projects of NABARD is based according to the socio-economic and cultural practices of tribal communities in the Goalpara district of Assam because these tribes are inherited in their cultural landscape, and this cultural landscape represents their association with agroforestry. From these perspectives, it is found that the Goalpara district is the most backward region of Assam, where scheduled tribes account for the major proportion of the population of the district. Additionally, the role of NABARD is to promote and lead the mechanism of women empowerment through projects of WADI in the Goalpara district. However, it is also found that many challenges and problems emerged in the implementation of WADI projects due to the lack of transport and communication facilities in the Goalpara district of Assam.
Originality/Value: In these consequences, it can be valued that NABARD is providing a sustainable approach to socio-economic development for scheduled tribes through the help of NGOs and organizations of the central government and state government of Assam. A depth analysis was conducted to understand the mechanism of role of the tribal community in the context of WADI projects of NABARD in the perspective of tribal abundant zone of Assam in India.
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Zelinskyi, A. "Lebanon and Syria – the “Siamese twins” of the Levant: a Current Situation." Problems of World History, no. 19 (October 27, 2022): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/10.46869/2707-6776-2022-19-6.
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The Syrian Arab and Lebanese Republics are two neighboring states located in the Middle Eastern subregions, traditionally called the Levant. The close neighborhood of both countries led to the preservation of old and the emergence of new common denominators in the socio-economic, socio-political and religious spheres. In modern historiography, there are disagreements regarding the degree of preservation and definition of the nature of today’s relations between the two states. It is about the recognition or non-recognition of the existence of the exceptional character of the modern Syrian-Lebanese relations. At the same time, among researchers who recognize the fact of preserving many common denominators for both countries, the main issue remains the positive or negative interpretation of the mentioned phenomenon.
It should be realized that most of the close ties between Syria and Lebanon, which are not determined by the immediate geographical proximity of both countries, are as the result of external interference in the affairs of the subregion. It is about the arbitrary territorial-administrative division carried out by the Ottoman Empire, the artificial idea of “Greater Syria”, which was popularized by a native of Mecca - Faisal bin Hussein al-Hashimi, and French experiments during the mandated period of the history of both countries. As a result of the above-mentioned interventions, reinforced by the geographical factor, there was an established desire of Syria to incorporate the Lebanese Republic into its structure, supported by a part of the population of Lebanon itself. Even after the end of the period of Syrian occupation of Lebanon (1990-2005) as a result of the Cedar Revolution, the danger of the absorbing the country of cedarsby neighbor state has not disappeared. This is indicated by the presence of a wide range of pro-Syrian politicians in the Lebanese ruling circles and the role played by the Lebanese Shiite militia organization Hezbollah in saving the B. al-Assad regime during the ongoing civil war in Syria.
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Nath, Aditi. "Socio-Economic Situation of Persons with Disability in Cachar District of Assam." Educational Quest- An International Journal of Education and Applied Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (2017): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2230-7311.2017.00105.2.
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Panme, Florence Akangle, and Laxmi Narayan Sethi. "Hydropower potential in Assam: Assessment and analysis." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/178-184.
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Electricity is a must in every aspect of life. It has been identified as a fundamental human desire. It is the foundation of a country’s socio-economic growth. The provision of low-cost electricity to rural India is critical to the country’s overall growth. The service sector has made a significant contribution to our economy’s development. The availability of a high-quality electricity supply is critical to the sector’s long-term development. Energy consumption is rapidly increasing, as are greenhouse gas emissions from the energy industry. In terms of socio-economic indicators, Assam lags behind the rest of India. The vast hydroelectric potential of the area is due to the abundance of seasonal rivers and water bodies. However, it has been observed that hydropower development is hampered by a number of factors, including technical difficulties, political problems, a lack of adequately investigated projects, environmental concerns, power evacuation issues and many more. Exploitation of the huge hydro potential in Assam could be used for export to the power deficit regions of the country. Construction of infrastructure in remote hilly areas, communications, and energy supply, will benefit the country as a whole, resulting in a higher standard of living. The study’s aim is to determine the current power situation in Assam in terms of hydropower and also highlighting the region’s hydropower sector’s potential opportunities and challenges.
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SIDDIQI, GHULAM MUJTABA, MANZOOR A. NAEEM, M. ADIL KHURSHID, Zafar Altaf Jafary, and Khursheed Anwer. "HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS;." Professional Medical Journal 19, no. 05 (October 8, 2012): 668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.05.2334.
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Objective: The present study was carried out to screen for prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and its associatedrisk factors in patients presenting for various complaints at a tertiary care hospital. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place &Duration: Nawaz Sharif social security Hospital, Multan Road Lahore from January 2008 through December, 2009. Materials & Methods: Atotal of 15403 patients, aged 14 to 60 years, belonging to low socio-economic group were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg)during the study period. Relevant information was obtained through a pre-designed questionnaire prepared in accordance with the objectivesof the study. Patient’s serum was tested qualitatively for HbsAg by rapid immunochromatographic technique (ICT devices, Accurate, USA)according to the manufacturer’s instructions.All sera showing reactivity were then confirmed with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA). Results: HbsAg positivity was found in 488 (3.16%) patients of the screened population. Associated risk factors were: therapeuticinjections (25.0%), shaving from community barbers (15.98%), blood or blood product transfusions (10.04%), HbsAg positive sexual partners(7.99%), dental treatment (6.96%), past surgical history (4.91%), occupational exposure (3.07%), pricking nose/ears (3.07%), H/ohemodialysis (2.04%) and medical endoscopy (1.02%). 5.94% cases revealed no risk factor whereas 13.93% cases had multiple risk factors.Conclusions: A high prevalence of known etiological risk factors for HBV infection in the HBV positive patients documented in our studyshould not go without serious concern. Public awareness programs should be launched through mass media to discourage the malpracticesrelated to risk factors.
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Borah, Biju, Atul Borgohain, L. S. Khuman, Gautam Bordoloi, Raju Dewri, Mrinal Kalita, and Kongkon J. Dutta. "Socio-Economic Conditions of the Fringe Villagers of Kaziranga National Park (KNP), Assam." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 05 (May 10, 2018): 2530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.291.
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Basumatary, Nicodim, and Bhagirathi Panda. "Assessing socio-economic development in Bodoland Territorial Area District of Assam in India." International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 12 (October 15, 2020): 1541–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-02-2019-0069.
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PurposeThe study attempts to assess the socio-economic development in Bodoland Territorial Area District (BTAD) of Assam in North Eastern Region of India. This region is one of the most underdeveloped areas in India. The study also examines whether demographic and social characteristics in the form of social groups, number of family members, number of employed members in the family, education of the head of household, sources of income and location determine the variation in the level of socio-economic development. The authors surveyed 400 households during February to May 2018 in both rural and urban areas of BTAD to achieve the objective of the study.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the concept of Amartya Sen's capability approach (CA) for assessment of development and constructed an index of Multidimensional Development.FindingsThere is variation in the distribution of developmental parameters across the study area. It is found that urban locations have better achievement in the multidimensional index score, while the spread of development is not even in the rural locations. An interesting revelation of this study is that while urban areas depict better performance in income, asset, education and empowerment, they have a relatively lower score in health dimension as compared to rural areas. The study shows that level of development depends on demographic as well as social characteristics of the households.Research limitations/implicationsThis study does not analyse temporal dynamics of development that is necessary to examine how development evolves because of data constraints.Originality/valueThe study provides an understanding of the socio-economic development in BTAD area in a multidimensional framework. This study is the first of its kind to assess the nature and extent of development realised in BTAD through the capability framework. The study supports more recent findings.