Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Socio-demographics'
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Owusu-Amankwah, Georgette. "The Effects of Household Socio-demographics on Restaurant Threshold Prices." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/32.
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This study examines the determinants of a household’s threshold price for a restaurant meal cost increase; the level of cost increase that would cause households to either eat in restaurants less frequently or change what they would typically purchase. The design of the study is formulated using a Tobit model to examine the threshold price by differing social, economic and demographic characteristics of households in Kentucky as well as their preferences for restaurant-specific characteristics.
The empirical estimates suggest that households that frequently have dinner at restaurants, households with higher incomes and households that strongly prefer full-service restaurants have a positive threshold price-range; which suggests that such households are more willing to pay an additional cost increase in restaurant meals. Conversely, households that always notice taxes before paying their checks, households close to retirement-age, and households that do not strongly prefer local-food restaurants have negative threshold price-range and are consequently less willing to pay an additional cost increase in restaurant meals.
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Matiru, Grace. "Choices and Preferences of Vermont Master Gardeners - Do Socio-Demographics Matter?" ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/831.
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ABSTRACT
This study was designed to characterize the choices, preferences and motivations of fruit and vegetable gardeners in Vermont, and to determine whether socio-demographic characteristics affect some of these choices, preferences and motivations. Using a survey of Vermont Extension Master Gardeners (EMGs), data were gathered over a 3-year period (2011-2013). The findings show most EMGs (>90%) garden in private home gardens, and the most popular vegetables grown were tomatoes, herbs, and salad greens. Beans, cucumbers and peppers sere also popular and among fruits, blueberries, apples, raspberries and strawberries were grown by over 40% of EMGs. Approximately 10% of EMG gardeners who had vegetable/herb gardens did not grow any fruit or berries, and EMGs who did not garden at all (10%) cited lack of gardening space and time as their main constraints.
Vermont EMGs are concentrated around urban centers, however, their distribution is approximately proportional to the general population across the state. By age, over 40% are in their 50s, and in over 60% of households, females are make most of the gardening decisions and do most of the gardening work. Over 70% of the Vermont EMGs are college-educated, and live in households with incomes above $50,000. The most important motivations for gardening were ‘Having a Taste of Homegrown Fresh’ produce (ratings above 4.5/5) and ‘Fun/Relaxation/Hobby.’ Gardeners considered ‘Food Safety’ and ‘Environmental Concerns’ as important, while ‘Saving Money’ was not rated as highly as a motivation. EMGs prefer local plants and products and prefer to buy at local garden centers/supply stores. Over 70% rely on ‘Books,’ the ‘Internet,’ ‘Extension,’ ‘Friends’ and ‘Print Articles’ for gardening information, while videos and television are relied on by less than 10% of EMGs.
In all regression models estimated, demographic characteristics (age, education, gender of the gardening decision-maker, and annual household income) were found to have limited explanatory power (R2 ≤ 0.1) on EMGs’ decision to garden, or the choice/motivation for where to purchase plants and gardening supplies. This finding suggests that Vermont EMGs may be an environmentally significant group whose motivations, preferences and choices might be better explained by their attitudinal and value norms rather than socio-demographic characteristics. This finding suggest that future research and educational programs should be designed and delivered according to these characteristics rather than the commonly used demographic ones.
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Peerapatdit, Nichakarn. "THE IMPACT OF SELECTED SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC, TRAVEL-RELATED AND PSYCHOGRA." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3760.
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Several researchers have attempted to understand the tourism expenditure patterns from the traveler's perspective (Cai, Hong, and Morrision, 1995; Dardis, et al., 1981; Prais and Houthakker,1971; Sheldon and Mak , 1987; Jang, et al.,2003). However, an examination of the previous studies indicates that only limited understanding of the traveler's expenditure patterns has been provided either because of only anecdotal evidence in the studies, or because of their failure to examine the impacts of the factors affecting expenditure patterns. This study examined the effects of socio-demographic, travel-related, and psychographic variables on travel expenditures. The expenditure patterns included lodging, meals and restaurants, attractions and festivals, entertainment, shopping, transportation, and total expenditures. From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the body of literature in relation to travel expenditure by examining the variables under each of the three constructs identified in predicting travel expenditures. The results of the study provide a more comprehensive and holistic picture in the search of travel expenditures based on multiple independent variables. This study found that travel-related variables (i.e. number of adult(s) and length of stay) were the most influential variables affecting tourism expenditures per person per day. From a practical standpoint, this study sheds light by providing information about how the traveler's characteristic effects travel expenditure patterns and destination marketers may use this information to better segment their target market, allocate their marketing dollars more effectively, and tailor their products to compete for tourist's dollars. Since consumer dollars and tourism organizations' marketing budgets are limited, this study may provide information which will help tourism marketers to develop better strategic marketing tools to satisfy and fulfill those tourists' needs and understand certain reasons behind their spending patterns.M.S.
Department of Management
Rosen College of Hospitality Management
Hospitality and Tourism Management
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Cheruseril, Jimmy Jose, and jimmy cheruseril@rmit edu au. "Determining an urban water consumption model based on socio-demographic factors." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080206.123148.
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Water is a limited and essential resource for living and its importance is understood by all. Water is a scarce resource in Australia. Many of the river basins in Australia cover only a small area and the rivers that drain them are seasonal in flow. Climate change coupled with increasing population and a growing economy has put stress on the existing water resources. In the period of drought between 2003 and 2005 the careful consumption of water was of high importance and there is a consequent need to develop new methods to use water wisely. The state and federal governments have initiated many campaigns over the past decade to reduce water consumption and conserve water. This thesis aims to identify the relationship between socio-demographic factors and water consumption using multivariate analysis techniques and geographic information systems (GIS). This thesis has examined the water consumption patterns of Metropolitan Melbourne on a postcode level during the period 2000-2005. It has investigated how these patterns have altered with time and examined whether or not these changes are geographically linked. The effectiveness of the advertising campaigns and educational programs undertaken during the study period by The Victorian Government and its impact on Melbourne's water usage has been evaluated. Moran's I statistic was performed using water consumption to find spatial autocorrelation among postcodes. Multivariate techniques of factor and regression analysis were used to develop a model based on socio-demographic predictors to estimate water consumption. The relationship between separate dwellings, business counts, distance from GPO, semi detached dwellings and academically less qualified residents has been identified in this study. The numbers of separate dwellings and businesses have a significant influence on water consumption. Water use and soci o-demographic data are visualised by the creation of thematic maps using GIS.
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Woke, Felix Ikechi. "The Role of Socio-demographics factors in Voluntary Counselling and Testing uptake in South-Africa." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1990.
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Many researchers have alluded to the inequity in distribution of HIV preventive services in South Africa (SA). Other researchers have demonstrated that socio-demographic factors are main determinants of distribution of preventive services like voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) in SA. VCT is a primary HIV prevention tool through which infected persons enter the treatment, care, and support programs; identifying the impact of socio-demographic determinants (SDDs) on VCT uptake in SA could help direct VCT services to areas and individuals that need them most. The research question in this study examined what and how SDDs impact the uptake of VCT in SA using the integrated theory of health behavior change (ITHBC) as its theoretical framework. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design using secondary data from a population-based survey by the John Hopkins Education and Health SA (2012) was conducted. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, SDDs like province, settlement, employment, races, and age were statistically significant while marital status, education, and SES (socio-economic status) did not have statistically significant impact on VCT uptake. This study demonstrated that Black, unemployed men of low to medium SES between the ages of 15-49 years living in peri-urban and urban-informal areas of all provinces but especially Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, and North West provinces of SA had the lowest VCT uptake. This study advocates policies and programs to improve VCT distribution and accessibility in places and individuals with lowest uptake. Improved uptake will help reduce new HIV infection, HIV-associated morbidity, and mortality; as well as ensure equity, equality, and social justice in the distribution of HIV preventive services in SA.
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Robinson, Karen Faye. "An aging population relationships between motivations, facilities and services, participation and socio-demographics in outdoor recreation /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5338.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 136 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-118).
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Tantawi, Passent Ibrahim. "Measures Of Green Consciousness: Investigating The Effect Of Socio-Demographics On Consumers' Green Consciousness In Egypt." Thesis, Brunel University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444675.
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Sappington, Jason Daniel. "The Influence of Urban Form, Socio-Demographics, And Transit-Oriented Development on Journey-to-Work Characteristics." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/643.
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A growing consensus among planners and policy-makers is that the automobile-oriented city, one that dominates the American landscape, is no longer sustainable. Such concerns demand a search for ways to promote alternative forms of travel. To this end, this study employs a multiple linear regression analysis in order to determine the relationships between the share of public transit and walking/bicycle commuting and variables representing three categories: urban form measures, socio-demographic and household characteristics, and the presence of a transit-oriented development. These relationships were examined in thirteen metropolitan regions.
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Snyder, Eric Matthew. "The Relationship Between Residency and Socio-Demographics to Academic Performance in NCAA Division I Freshman Athletes." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/534.
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Numerous studies have been completed on the academic ability of student athletes. Since the mid 1980s, the NCAA has emphasized the importance of academics and mandated more stringent requirements to be able to participate in intercollegiate athletics. These initial-eligibility standards have been successful in increasing overall graduation rates of student-athletes, but there remain a number of concerns. The purpose of the study was to determine if an NCAA D-I freshman student athlete's place of residency on campus, as opposed to off campus, while attending college during his/her freshman year had a statistically significant relationship to achievement as it relates to academic performance. The continued purpose of the study examined the relationship between selected socio-demographic components to academic performance in NCAA D-I freshman student athletes and how this relationship may have directly related to their academic performance during their freshman year. Participants completed the informed consent along with a questionnaire to aid in determining what academic and socio-demographic variables were related to academic performance (N = 205). Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that living on or off campus had no relationship with how the freshman student athletes performed academically. The best individual correlations with academic performance were high school GPA, gender, and ACT scores. These relationships proved to be a moderate relationship because an r value of .75 or greater was not reached. High school GPA, ethnicity, gender, absences unexcused, and ACT scores did enter a stepwise multiple regression equation, but could only explain 55% of the variance for that equation. Statistically 60% is an acceptable level for predicting academic performance in the study. However, it should be noted that 55% of the variance is relevant for those individuals who deal with the academic performance (i.e., athletic administrators, academic advisors, university faculty, parents, etc.) of student athletes to encourage the use of these variables to predict a student athlete's academic success. The other remaining variables showed only a low or very low relationship to a freshman student athlete's academic performance.
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Ajoku, Sophia. "Predictive Relationship Between Socio-demographics, Medication, and Treatment Completion Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness Treated for Tuberculosis." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7852.
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Approximately 80% of people who contract tuberculosis (TB) in the United States are first infected with untreated latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). LTBI is an ongoing public health concern in people who experience homelessness. Because of the transient nature of this population, it is often difficult for them to adhere to and complete treatment for LTBI. In this quantitative, correlational of a cross-sectional study, secondary data was from a public health clinic in southern U.S. The theoretical framework used for the study was the social ecological framework. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine if a statistically significant predictive relationship existed between sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, gender, shelter type, substance abuse status); medication type (i.e., Directly Observed Therapy versus Self-Administered Therapy (DOT vs SAT); and treatment completion among persons experiencing homelessness treated for LTBI. Age and substance abuse status were found to be related to treatment completion at statistically significant levels (p < .05). A chi-square analysis showed no statistically significant difference in adherence to TB treatment by treatment type (i.e., DOT versus SAT; p = .831). Positive social change could stem from interventions and prevention that focuses on the demographic groups that were found to be related to treatment completion at statistically significant levels to provide support to these groups and increase LTBI treatment completion in people experiencing homelessness.
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Oi, Katsuya. "Understanding the Role of Patient Activation in the Association between Patient Socio-Economic Demographics and Patient Experience." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/467.
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This study focuses on the association between patient characteristics, which include both demographic and contextual factors, and patients' experiences with health care. The pre-existing literature provides rich information about patients' various demographics related to patient experience. Despite the abundance of empirical evidence showing that patients' demographics do affect how they perceive their health care. However, there is little to no empirical knowledge explaining the significance of such factors. As the existing literature points out the need for taking into contextual factors such as patient's beliefs, attitudes, skills that are pertinent to dealing with health care, my study proposes patient activation as such a contextual factor that explains the association between patient demographics and patient experience. Findings suggest that patient activation is a strong predictor of two patient experience measures: patients' rating of doctor-patient communication and their self-reported difficulties in getting needed care. However, it is also observed that the mediating effects of patient activation vary by the two dimensions of patient experiences. Though this study demonstrates that promoting patient activation may be able to normalize how patients report the quality of doctor-patient interaction, further research is needed to address access to care issues.
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Chen, Yu-Jen. "Structural Analysis on Activity-travel Patterns, Travel Demand, Socio-demographics, and Urban Form: Evidence from Cleveland Metropolitan Area." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492719562434723.
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Matthie, Nadine. "Sickle Cell Disease: The Role of Self-Care Management." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4538.
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Abstract
Sickle cell disease is the most common genetic disorder in the United States. Approximately 90% of the hospitalizations in this patient population occur due to the most common complication, pain crises. Prevention of these crises is therefore essential and requires the patient to assume an active role in his or her disease management. Studies suggest that further research is needed to examine the self-care management process and to identify factors influencing self-care behaviors. The relationships among these factors must be clearly defined before interventions to improve self-care management can be determined. The aims of the study were threefold. The first aim was to evaluate the relationships among psychosocial variables (SCD self-efficacy and social support) and socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education, employment status, income, and living situation) in understanding individual differences in self-care management variables (perceived self-care ability and self-care actions). It was hypothesized that higher SCD self-efficacy, greater social support, being employed, living with family or friends, increased age, more years of education, higher income, and being male are each associated with having higher perceived self-care ability and more frequent self-care actions. The second aim was to evaluate the relationships among psychosocial variables (SCD self-efficacy and social support), socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education, employment status, income, and living situation), and self-care management variables (perceived self-care ability and self-care actions) in understanding hospital visits for crises. It was hypothesized that higher perceived self-care ability and more frequent self-care actions are associated with fewer hospital visits for crises. The third aim was to evaluate the mediational role of perceived self-care ability and self-care actions in the relationships among psychosocial variables (SCD self-efficacy and social support), socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education, employment status, income, and living situation), and the number of hospital visits for crises. It was hypothesized that SCD self-efficacy, social support, and the socio-demographic variables have both a direct and an indirect relationship with the number of hospital visits for crises. In 103 young Black adults (ages 18-30) with sickle cell disease (SCD), an exploratory , correlational study was conducted, via secondary analysis of data, to examine the relationships among SCD self-efficacy, social support, socio-demographic variables, self-care management (self-care ability and self-care actions), and the number of hospital visits for crises. Bivariate correlations and regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationships among the variables and to examine the mediational role of self-care management. Sickle cell disease self-efficacy, social support, years of education, and income were significantly related to perceived self-care ability and self-care actions. Social support accounted for the majority of the variance in each self-care management variable. The hypothesis that higher SCD self-efficacy and greater social support are associated with higher perceived self-care ability and more frequent self-care actions was supported. Education was also associated with higher perceived self-care ability and self-care actions as hypothesized. The overall model with SCD self-efficacy, social support, years of education, income, perceived self-care ability, and self-care actions was not significant in predicting the number of hospital visits for crises. There were no significant associations noted among age, annual household income, living situation, employment status, and the self-care management variables. The hypothesis that higher perceived self-care ability and more frequent self-care actions are associated with fewer hospital visits for crises was not supported. Further, there was no adequate evidence to support a direct relationship between SCD self-efficacy, social support, years of education, and the number of hospital visits for crises. The indirect relationship, through self-care management, among the variables was also non-significant. There was however a significant direct relationship noted between income and the number of hospital visits for crises. The outcomes of the study may be important for clinical care, patient education, and health outcomes in the SCD population. Findings may be used to conduct larger confirmatory studies and to develop interventions that may be used to supplement therapy in the clinical setting and to enhance patient self-care management at home. Additional studies are needed, however, to clarify what additional variables may affect the number of hospital visits for crises and to identify specific pain prevention and management strategies used by SCD patients.
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Bakerman, Shahad. "A Saudi Arabian Study of the Relationship Between the Socio-Psychological Profile and Consumers’ Behavior Toward Online Shopping." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31571.
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This study assesses consumer behavior toward online shopping in Saudi Arabia by studying the factors that affect whether or not they shop online. The sample consisted of 206 Saudis approached using the “snowball” technique. Participants were all above eighteen and Internet users. Participants were asked to give the frequency of their online shopping transactions using a four-point Likert scale. They used a seven-point Likert scale to rate their opinions about trends affecting electronic commerce, companies’ marketing approaches, and other aspects of online shopping. Participants also were asked about their feelings regarding traditional and online shopping using a nine-point bipolar scale. Using the Six Dimensional Achievement Motivations Scale, they were asked to describe themselves, and finally, they were asked to rank the Rokeach Terminal Values based on their importance. The version of the Rokeach Value System used in this study is the one shortened to nine terminal values, by Munson & McQuarrie, 1988, since it reflects better relevance to consumption. Results show that, when compared to traditional shopping, participants have relatively negative perceptions of online shopping. In addition, participants’ demographics and values related to their online shopping frequency, while their achievement motivations were less related. The major limitation of this research is that it was conducted in only one city, Jeddah. Therefore, additional research should be carried out in other cities with larger samples. The research results suggest that businesses in Saudi Arabia should use online shopping as a second channel to distribute their products in addition to their physical stores. This thesis makes a distinctive contribution to the literature, as it is the first to examine the correlation between the Rokeach Value System (1973); the Six Dimensional Achievement Motivation Scale (Jackson, Ahmed, and Heapy, 1976); and online shopping behavior in the world, let alone Saudi Arabia.
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Chen, Na. "How Do Socio-Demographics and The Built Environment Affect Individual Accessibility Based on Activity Space as A Transport Exclusion Indicator?" The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1467329535.
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LORIGA, ANTONIO SALVATORE. "Analysing Airport Travellers’ Expenditure, Satisfaction and Behavioural Intentions toward Airport Retail Services by Socio-demographics, Travel and Flight-Related Variables." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/260805.
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Nowadays, airport practitioners are more interested in implementing marketing strategies aimed to stimulate shopping and increase airport travellers’ expenditures (e.g. Han et al., 2012): this derives from the profound changes that have influenced the airport sector. First, the commercialisation and privatisation within the industry have given airports the freedom to diversify their business in new areas and to develop their commercial policies (e.g. Hooper, 2002; Torres et al., 2005). Second, the airline companies, especially low-cost carriers, have forced airports to practice cost-cutting and efficient measures to control the level of aeronautical fees. Third, the increased frequency of travelling has rendered airport travellers more sophisticated and experienced ¬ much more demanding in their needs and wants. Fourth, there are several under-used airports around the word that need to find new ways of generating revenues (Francis, Humphreys and Ison, 2004).
Despite this, very little research has been devoted so far to analysing passengers’ shopping and expenditure behaviours at airports. In this scenario, a deepen investigation about airport marketing and travellers consumption and expenditure behaviour is needed. This PhD thesis aims to contribute to deepen the scientific debate around this research area by presenting and discussing the results of three empirically and theoretically rooted studies carried out on collected data from the Olbia-Costa Smeralda International Airport (Sardinia, Italy).
This PhD thesis adopts a three paper-based structure. The first paper is titled ‘Analysing Determinants of Travellers’ Expenditure Behaviour in Airports’ and aims to deepen the scientific debate on the main determinants influencing the overall (i.e. F&B and on F&B related) airport travellers expenditure behaviour. The second paper is titled ‘Analysing Determinants of Travellers’ Expenditure in Food and Beverage Services at Airports’ and aims to deepen the scientific debate on the main determinants influencing the F&B-related expenditures of airport travellers while at airports. The first paper and the second paper both it apply the Hurdle-Double Model analysing whether socio-demographics (i.e. gender, age, level of education, income and place of residence), travel-related variable (i.e. type of acommodation and travel party) and flight-related determinants (i.e. check-in mode, wait time) and the pre-intention to buy significantly influence passengers’ shopping behaviours (i.e. to buy or not to buy and the amount of money to be spent. The third paper is titled ‘Profiling airport travellers based on their perceptions, satisfaction and behavioural intentions towards food and beverage services at airports’. This study applies a factor-cluster approach to profile a sample of travellers of Olbia Airport based on their perceptions towards different service features of F&B-related retailers (e.g. ‘atmospherics’, ‘staff quality’, ‘product quality’, ‘value for money’), their level of satisfaction and their intention to recommend others (both offline and online) to shop in the airport. Further, a series of chi-squared tests were run to ascertain whether significant differences do exist among those clusters based on socio-demographics of respondents (e.g. age, gender, marital status, level of education employment status, monthly household income, place of residence), travel-related (e.g. frequency of travelling, frequency of flying) and flight-related variables (e.g. check-in modality, arrival time at the airport before flight departure).
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Hadd, Valerie. "Stress and well-being in breast cancer survivors : the influence of personality, socio-demographics, cancer-related characteristics, and physical activity levels." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23172.
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Cancer is now considered to be one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in Canada, with breast cancer emerging as the most common type of cancer diagnosed in Canadian women (Canadian-Cancer-Society, 2009). As breast cancer patients move to long-term survivorship, they face new challenges that extend beyond end of treatment (Deimling et al, 2003) which can have direct influences on quality of life (Ferrell et al., 1995). Previous research has often failed to use stress frameworks to examine stress relationships faced by breast cancer survivors (BCS) and has seldom investigated the effect of specific cancer-related stressors and their meaning on quality of life. To address these limitations, the current study investigated the influence of stress-related variables on quality of life of BCS post-treatment using Lazarus’ framework. Moreover, the direct and indirect effects of individual characteristics, including physical activity and personality trait, as well as cancer-related characteristics on stress-related variables were investigated. The final sample included 365 women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer, had completed treatment, and were between the age of 29 and 90 years (Mage = 61.58, SD = 11.36). Structural equation modeling techniques were used to test a hypothesized model based on Lazarus’ framework. The measurement and structural models testing the most global hypothesized model showed good model fit (RMSEA < .08, CFI > .90, TLI > .90), whereby direct and indirect effects of stressors, physical activity, and optimism on quality of life were shown. Together, these constructs explained 61% and 70% of the variance in physical and mental health respectively, highlighting the direct effect of stressors on quality of life above and beyond the role of cognitive appraisal. Experiencing more stressors was significantly associated with reporting lower levels of quality of life. Furthermore, personality had a direct effect on mental health whereas being physically active was positively associated with physical health. Overall, findings provided partial support for Lazarus’ model and highlighted some of the potential benefits of physical activity for cancer survivors. These results could be used to guide the design of interventions aimed at increasing physical and mental health in breast cancer survivors.
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Cortes, Kelly Periera. "The role of socio-demographics, personality characteristics, social support, and well-being in student's intention to drop out / Kelly Periera Cortes." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8442.
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Student intention to drop out is a concern for higher education institutions as well for their students. Students with the intention to drop out may eventually drop out and contribute towards the already high dropout rates, which are causing economic damage. Students leaving their institution have vast financial consequences for their institution, as institutions obtain grants from the government according to their success rates. Although previous research has been conducted on students’ intention to drop out, it is limited, especially when looking at possible predictors that are specific to the South African context. This study contributes towards the gap in research regarding the possible predictors of student intention to drop out.
The objectives of this study were to 1) conceptualise the possible predictors of student intention to drop out according to the literature; 2) determine if self-evaluation traits (self-esteem and self-efficacy) are significant predictors of student intention to drop out; 3) determine if student burnout and student engagement are significant predictors of student intention to drop out; 4) determine if social support (social support from parents and general social support) are significant predictors of student intention to drop out; and 5) determine if career decision-making difficulties are significant predictors of student intention to drop out.
A non-probability quota sample (N = 782) was used to investigate possible predictors of career student intention to drop out in a sample of university students. Student intention to drop out was measured by one item consisting of two categories: I have no intention to drop out (n = 501), and I have an intention to drop out (n = 280). These two groups were enclosed as a dependent variable in the logistic regression.
The variables included in the final model predicted between 13% (Cox and Snell) and 18% (Nagelkerke) of the variance in intention to drop out. The results of this study suggest that self-esteem had an influence on student intention to drop out. Furthermore, it was found that cynicism and dedication have a significant relationship with student intention to drop out. Lastly, lack of information about ways to obtain information also indicated a significant relationship with student intention to drop out. Thus, it may be concluded that self-esteem, burnout and engagement and lack of information about ways of obtaining information have an influence on students’ intention to drop out.
Recommendations were made for practice as well as for future research.Thesis (MCom (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Vicente, Paulo Nuno Gouveia. "International News Reporting in the Multidimensional Network: The socio-demographics, professional culture and newswork of foreign correspondents working across Sub-Saharan Africa." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10798.
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Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Media DigitaisUma porção significativa do nosso conhecimento quotidiano sobre a África Subsaariana provém do trabalho dos repórteres internacionais. Contudo, e ainda que estes actores desempenhem um papel crítico na comunicação do Outro distante, frequentemente criticado pelos seus défices representacionais, a investigação académica sobre o trabalho dos correspondentes internacionais tem sido consideravelmente negligenciada: encontra-se desactualizada em décadas, carecendo de um exame sistemático das realidades efectivas do jornalismo em África e da evolução do trabalho de Pro-Ams e organizações de media dos cidadãos, suportados por meios digitais ligados em rede. Esta tese tem como objecto a caracterização e análise sociodemográfica destes indivíduos, das suas culturas profissionais e trabalho noticioso. Inspecciona trajectórias de longo curso no jornalismo internacional, combinando-as com desenvolvimentos de curto prazo baseados nas transformações na microelectrónica e digitalização. São delineadas três linhas de inquérito: quem está realmente a reportar em todo o continente, quais são as principais características das culturas ocupacionais e os constrangimentos que impendem sobre as rotinas de produção dos trabalhadores noticiosos. Avaliamos como estão os repórteres internacionais a reposicionar-se num ambiente comunicacional em transformação, como interpretam a sua própria ocupação e o papel dos actores emergentes na esfera mediática transnacional. Simultaneamente, contribuímos com uma investigação exploratória sobre as actividades das organizações de media dos cidadãos. Para cumprir estes objectivos, conduzimos o primeiro questionário online Pan-Africano de que há registo sobre o trabalho dos repórteres internacionais, recolhendo respostas de 124 participantes em 41 países. Estes resultados são complementados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 43 jornalistas profissionais, em Nairobi, Dakar e Joanesburgo. Os resultados obtidos desafiam a narrativa que apresenta a reportagem internacional como uma espécie em extinção. Ao invés, suportam uma visão diferenciada entre continuidades localizadas e rupturas localizadas na contemporânea e pós-industrial esfera mediática: a sua sociodemografia expressa uma nova economia da correspondência internacional caracterizada por uma considerável precariedade, particularmente no caso dos trabalhadores independentes (freelance), enquanto a utilização de media digitais ligados em rede conduz o campo a uma confederação de correspondências com múltiplas camadas. O campo não é já um território exclusivo de profissionais e estes têm agora de lidar com a escala sem precedentes de conteúdos gerados pelos utilizadores e reacções directas. Os profissionais despendem uma muito considerável porção de tempo diário na Internet, o que sugere uma mudança de paradigma nas práticas de recolha informativa e, em última análise, na sua cultura epistemológica.
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McKinney, Oana A. "An Investigation of Methodologies for Determining Walkability and its Association with Socio-Demographics: An Application to the Tampa - St. Petersburg Urbanized Area." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5422.
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Walkability research has broadened in the past few years, being performed by researchers in different fields such as urban planning, public health, and transportation planning. Definitions of walkability and methods of operationalizing the concept vary widely. Since the results of studies that incorporate walkability may well have policy implications, it is important to consider the potential impacts of different definitions and methods of measurement.
This thesis investigates to what extent walkability indices may differ when either the composition of the indices is changed or when different quantitative methods of standardization are used to summarize their component measures. The association of these different walkability indices with socio-demographic variables is also investigated to determine the variability in such associations. The thesis also investigates to what extent changing the spatial extent of a study area, in this case the definition of an urbanized area, may also lead to differences in how walkability measures may be associated with socio-demographic variables.
In the analysis process, several methodological innovations were developed such as applying new detailed GIS analysis, developing two accessibility measures and two accessibility indices, creating a comprehensive walkability index, and applying the latest methods from spatial econometrics.
The results from investigating the research questions showed that even though walkability scores across the study area are different based on index compositions or index standardization methods, their association with socio-demographics is fairly consistent. When investigated for areas with different extents, the association between walkability and socio-demographics differed more.
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Soares, Joaquim JF, Örjan Sundin, Eija Viitasara, Maria Gabriella Melchiorre, Mindaugas Stankunas, Jutta Lindert, Francisco Torres-Gonzales, Henrique Barros, and Elisabeth Ioannidi-Kapolou. "Quality of life among persons aged 60-84 years in Europe: The role of psychological abuse and socio-demographic, social and health factors." Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-18658.
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Background: Elder abuse and its effects are a serious public health issue. However, little is known about therelation between psychological abuse, other factors (e.g. social support) and quality of life (QoL) by domain. This studyaddressed differences in QoL by domain between psychologically abused and non-abused. While considering otherfactors such as social support. Methods: The respondents were 4,467 (2,559 women) randomly selected persons aged 60-84 years living in7 European cities. The mean response across countries was 45.2%. The cross-sectional data were analyzed withbivariate/multivariate methods. Results: Abused respondents contrasted to non-abused scored lower in QoL (autonomy, 67.42 ± 21.26 vs. 72.39± 19.58; intimacy, 55.31 ± 31.15 vs. 67.21 ± 28.55; past/present/future activities, 62.79 ± 19.62 vs. 68.05 ± 18.09;social participation, 65.03 ± 19.84 vs. 68.21 ± 19.77). Regressions showed that abuse was negatively associated withautonomy, intimacy and past/present/future activities, and positively with the social participation. All QoL dimensionswere negatively associated with country and depressive/anxiety symptoms, and positively with social support. Further,variables such as age, sex and somatic symptoms were negatively associated with some of the QoL dimensions andothers such as family structure, education, health care use and drinking positively. The regression model “explained”32.8% of the variation in autonomy, 45.6% in intimacy, 44.8% in past/present/future activities and 41.5% in socialparticipation. Conclusions: Abuse was linked to lower QoL in most domains, but other factors such as depressive symptomsalso carried a negative impact. Social support and to some extent family structure had a “protective” effect on QoL.Abuse, health indicators (e.g. depressive symptoms) and social support should be considered in addressing the QoL ofolder persons. However, QoL was influenced by many factors, which could not be firmly disentangled due to the crosssectionalapproach, calling for longitudinal research to address causality.
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Gorti, Ravi Kiran. "An analysis of travel trends of the elderly and zero-vehicle households in the United States." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000442.
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Back, Madeleine. "Determinants of Intimate Partner SexualViolence against Women in India." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41032.
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Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a public health problem andprimarily affects women. Almost 30% of all women who have been in arelationship with a man, have experienced physical or sexual violence by theirpartner in their life. Even though sexual violence is being investigated inIndia, the determinants of sexual violence are thus far little investigated,specifically the determinants of IPSV. The purpose of the study was toexamine the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of IPSV againstwomen in India. The study was carried out using a quantitative method basedon secondary data from the National Family Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4). Thevariables used was age, residential area, education, religion, wealth index andemployment (current/all year/seasonal). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square testand a multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.The results indicated that younger women experienced more IPSV than olderwomen, and women in rural areas lived through more IPSV than women inurban areas. However, were women with urban residency were more likely tobe exposed to IPSV, which indicates that urban residency can be a risk factorfor sexual violence. A remarkable finding was that the prevalence of IPSVamong working women was higher (9%) than nonworking women (6%), butthat the adjusted ORs showed no correlation between working status andIPSV. Current study has added further evidence of IPSV in India, usingnationally representative samples. Younger women with lower educationshould be emphasized and seen as a risk group for IPSV. An in-depth studyregarding the partner’s characteristics in India is warranted and an importantstep to chart additional determinants for IPSV.Betyg i Ladok 201214.
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Samus, Joseph Nicholas. "Preparing for the Next Generation of Senior Population: An Analysis of Changes in Senior Travel Behavior over the Last Two Decades." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4574.
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Over the past several decades, the senior age group has become the fastest growing segment of the population in the United States (Warner, 2011). This study seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion of the impacts that the increases in senior travel will have on the future transportation systems and planning efforts. The main objective of this research is to conduct an explorative analysis of the changes in senior travel behavior over the past two decades and discuss the implications of these changes to transportation planning in the future. This thesis seeks to further understanding of this topic by providing a detailed analysis and consideration of relevant contexts through a review of previous studies and the author's background in the field of transportation.
Results indicate significant changes in travel behaviors and make-up of the senior population. Over the three (1990, 2001, and 2009) survey periods, senior travel changed as a result of increased activity and a need to maintain their typical way of life well into older age.
As the baby boom generation continues to out travel each previous generation, there is no evidence to assume that as they reach retirement age that trend will end. Seniors today are remaining active and working well into their older age and the age group has continued to increasingly contribute to total travel. These increases will be echoed by the baby boom generation and must be considered by traffic forecasters, researcher and policy makers in the future.
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Sikder, Sujan. "An Analysis of the Travel Patterns and Preferences of the Elderly." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3469.
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The number of elderly is increasing; to meet their transportation needs, it is important to clearly understand their travel patterns and preferences. Since travel patterns and preferences depend on socio-demographic and other factors, it is essential to identify these factors first to understand the travel behavior of the elderly. The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the travel patterns and preferences of the elderly age 65 and above using 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data. This thesis presents a detailed descriptive analysis of 2009 NHTS data to understand the travel patterns of the elderly. Along with a descriptive analysis, a multinomial logit model and a mixed- multinomial logit model are estimated to explore the factors associated with the overall travel preferences of the elderly and to identify individuals among the elderly who are the least mobile and at risk for social isolation.
The analysis results indicate the differences in the trip characteristics between the elderly and non-elderly. Variation is found even among the different groups of the elderly. The model estimation results show the presence of different travel preferences among the elderly and identify those individuals among the elderly who are immobile for longer periods (e.g., a week) and at risk for social isolation. Elderly individuals with different travel preferences should be considered separately in research to determine the appropriate outcomes that can help transportation planners and policy makers improve planning and policy related to elderly individuals.
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Pinjari, Abdul Rawoof. "An analysis of household vehicle ownership and utilization patterns in the United States using the 2001 National Household Travel Survey." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000280.
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Russet, Frédéric. "Trouble du spectre de l’autisme sans déficience intellectuelle (TAS SDI) : profil clinique et socio-démographique chez l’adulte, à partir d’une population d’étude française." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30045.
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Notre sujet de thèse s’inscrit dans un projet de recherche dont le promoteur est le CHU de Montpellier, sous la responsabilité du Pr. BAGHDADLI : la validation de la version française de l’échelle RAADS-R (Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised), outil d’aide au diagnostic pour les formes légères de trouble du spectre autistique chez l’adulte (autiste de haut niveau, sans déficience intellectuelle). Dans ses recommandations de Juin 2011 sur les Troubles du Spectre Autistique (TSA), la Haute Autorité en Santé (la HAS) demande qu’un effort particulier soit mené sur le dépistage et la prise en charge des patients adultes, avec pour objectif d'améliorer le repérage des troubles. Il existe actuellement plusieurs échelles en langue anglaise utilisables pour le repérage diagnostic des patients autistes de haut niveau. L’une d’elle, la Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R), est un questionnaire d’auto-évaluation conçu pour être rapide et facile à administrer, particulièrement pratique. Déjà validée en langue anglaise (Ritvo et al., 2010), elle vise à identifier les formes légères de TSA chez les personnes adultes et constitue une aide au diagnostic. L’objectif de la recherche est la validation de la version de cette échelle déjà traduite en français : validation complète, psychométrique et diagnostique, via la comparaison entre trois types de population (groupes de personnes porteuses de TSA, groupes avec d’autres troubles, et groupe sans trouble). L’intérêt clinique de cette validation est la diffusion d’un nouvel outil permettant aux services accueillant des patients jeunes adultes et adultes de repérer plus efficacement ceux porteurs d’un TSA de forme légère et de leur offrir par conséquent les prises en charge adéquates. Plusieurs études ont en effet identifié chez l’adulte des chevauchements importants concernant la symptomatologie des TSA de forme légère (autisme de haut niveau) et celle d’autres troubles faisant partie des comorbidités (Barneveld et al., 2011; Cath & al., 2008), ce qui rend le dépistage plus difficile et montre la nécessité d’un outil correctement discriminant. Par ailleurs, cette échelle permettra de venir enrichir les quelques outils disponibles permettant d’aider au diagnostic chez l’adulte, la HAS en retenant seulement trois pour l’instant : l’Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G module 4), l’ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview- Revised) et l’EC2R (Echelle des Comportements Restreints et Répétitifs). La RAADS-R validée en Français sera en outre la seule échelle francophone permettant une aide au diagnostic des personnes adultes avec autisme de haut niveau. Enfin, cet outil validé devrait permettre aussi d’aider à constituer des échantillons de population et d’aider ainsi à développer la recherche sur les TSA chez l’adulte, domaine encore peu exploréThe body of knowledge regarding autism spectrum adults with no Intellectual Disability (ASD No ID) is still limited. Therefore, the clinical profile and the socio-demographic (SD) profile of a French study sample are explored here, according to the following variables: sex, age and nonverbal cognitive level (NVIQ) in adulthood; as well as for the SD profile, age of diagnosis and intensity of ASD symptoms in adulthood. The frequency of clinical difficulties and SD data are also compared to those of a non-clinical group (NC) and a group with other disorders. The results have implications in terms of diagnostic identification and care
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Xhakaza, Lettilia. "Development and validation of a pharmacogenomics profiling panel suitable for personalizing Metformin therapy." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7225.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Africa is predicted to increase substantially in the next decades if the necessary preventative measures are not taken. The two most common NCDs associated with rapid mortality increase are diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN). Both of these diseases, i.e DM and HTN, can be a result of a combination of modifiable risk factors (behavioral) and non-modifiable risk factors (genetic, physiological, and environmental). New strategies implemented to manage these diseases should include addressing both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for patients with NCDs. The aim of this study was to contribute to the reduction of incidence of uncontrolled T2DM among patients taking metformin as a first-line anti-diabetic drug, through the development of individualized therapy for this drug. When implemented, this could be one of the healthcare strategies to address non-modifiable risk factors for patients with T2DM as an important NCD. The first objective of the study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors of DM and HTN in South Africa, especially within the economically disadvantaged population.
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Koutrou, Niki. "Assessing the determinants and impacts of, and relationships between, sports club and sports event volunteers' behaviour : the case of women's rugby in England." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14511.
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The purpose of this study is to examine if the experiences of volunteers within women s rugby at both rugby clubs and at the 2010 Women s Rugby World Cup (WRWC) in England provide the basis for the continuation of such activities as well as the transfer of volunteer effort to event-based or club-based activity within the specific sports concerned or across sports to contribute towards society s broader sporting needs. Sport volunteering in the UK accounts for 26% of the total formal voluntary activity, and largely takes place within the Voluntary Sport Club (VSC) system (Sport England, 2003). It provides the basis for the development of grassroots sports. Sport volunteering also takes place at sport events which provide the foundation for elite level sport development. It is known, however, that if the volunteering experience is satisfying then this may lead to higher levels of commitment with the sports organization, the event or the voluntary cause, which may affect volunteers longevity and intentions to continue volunteering (Doherty, 2009). Women s rugby was selected as a case study, as the 2010 Women s Rugby World Cup was held in England. This facilitated comparisons between club and event volunteers. With the cooperation of the Rugby Football Union for Women (RFUW), research participants were identified and recruited via an email invitation including a link to an internet-administered questionnaire. A total of 70 individuals that volunteered for the 2010 WRWC and 168 volunteers involved in the women s rugby clubs completed the online survey. The results indicated that overall and despite some variation in the emphasis of the findings there is evidence in support of the relevance of the widely known determinants of volunteering such as motivation to volunteer, socio-demographic characteristics, satisfaction with the volunteering experience, engagement to sport and volunteering at to the continuation of future club or event volunteering as well as its transfer to other rugby and other sport events. Consequently, event organisers should work closely with club authorities to help volunteers to make a better connection from their club to the sport more widely and with the role of clubs and events to support the sport generally, to develop a shared identity in both clubs and events, that is across the whole sporting experience and to increase volunteers development opportunities through deploying their efforts in more than one setting which may then lead to the development of social capital.
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Reyes, Silveyra Jorge A. "Modeling Epidemics on Structured Populations: Effects of Socio-demographic Characteristics and Immune Response Quality." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700011/.
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Epidemiologists engage in the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in human populations. Eventually, they will apply that study to prevent and control problems and contingencies associated with the health of the population. Due to the spread of new pathogens and the emergence of new bio-terrorism threats, it has become imperative to develop new and expand existing techniques to equip public health providers with robust tools to predict and control health-related crises. In this dissertation, I explore the effects caused in the disease dynamics by the differences in individuals’ physiology and social/behavioral characteristics. Multiple computational and mathematical models were developed to quantify the effect of those factors on spatial and temporal variations of the disease epidemics. I developed statistical methods to measure the effects caused in the outbreak dynamics by the incorporation of heterogeneous demographics and social interactions to the individuals of the population. Specifically, I studied the relationship between demographics and the physiological characteristics of an individual when preparing for an infectious disease epidemic.
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Yang, Su-Wen, and 楊舒雯. "A Study on Visitor’s Socio-demographics and Recreation Service Quality at Taichung County Tongfong Bikeway." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26588701408346199757.
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碩士國立體育學院
休閒產業經營學系碩士班
94
The purposes of this study was to determine the visitor’s socio-demographics and apply Importance-Performance Analysis to evaluate recreation service quality at Taichung County Tongfong Bikeway. The study conducted convenience samping process to collect data. Questionnaire survey was used as research instrutment of this study. There were effective questionnaires were completed. The response rate was 93.3%.The researcher used descriptive statistics , Independent-sample t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe Pos Hoc Test to analysis the data. This study found that there was almost the same number in males and females. The primary visitors were 21-30 years old, single, college or university level of education, students, and living in other counties outside Taichung. The visitors rented the bicycles and were introduced by relatives and friends. Their partners were friends, classmate. The visitors spent about 2-3 hours at the bikeway. Driving car to the bikeway was the visitors main transportation. They went the bikeway first time, so they never attended the activities and events which were hold by Taichung County government. Different age, education, marriage, career, inhabitation, source of the bicycles, information, traffic tool, riding partners, and riding time were influence on the recreation service quality of visitors’ experience. In this study, the Importance-Performance Analysis method was used to identify recreation service quality that were importance to visitors at Tongfong bikeway and influence their experience. Impacts shown to be up most concern were direction sign, bikeway width, the safety facilities, path direction, shade and rest place, maintaining of the bikeway, vendor management, and restroom. The research made suggestions and recommendations for the future planning and management of bikeway. The safety facilities and restroom are needed to be improved for the service quality of the bikeway.
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"An aging population: Relationships between motivations, facilities and services, participation and socio-demographics in outdoor recreation." WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY, 2008. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1451750.
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Chen, Chun-Chi, and 陳俊吉. "A study on the Socio-Demographics, Travel Satisfaction and willingness revisit of tourists from Mainland China." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96000515106692728950.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
農企業管理系所
97
Tourists from mainland China have been one of major source for tourism in Taiwan since the Cross-Straight Relation had gradually progressed in less hostility as well as the strategic openness towards mainland China. This paper mainly aims to increase the revenues for tourism in Taiwan, and to increase the consumption by the mainland China tourists; thus, literature review and quantitative research methods were used to investigate and to analyze the mainland China tourists’ socio-Demographics, travel satisfaction, and willingness Revisit. The demographics of research include all famous tour sites, and the researched targets are tourists to Taiwan from mainland China. According to the research results, there are four suggestions being proposed: (1) To governments and the administrative bureaus related: Announce and guide the tourism owners towards a positive attitudes and sustainable business; we suggest go through legislation on favored policies and relevant punishments; (2) To travel agents: promote flexible itinerary in travel schedule; it is critical to maintain a service quality while facing strong competition.
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Daghagh, Yazd Sahar. "Impacts of climatic variability, water scarcity and socio-economic demographics on farmers’ mental health in Australia." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/122612.
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Climatic conditions in recent decades have been characterised with more frequent, long-term, and severely adverse events (e.g. drought) occurring in many countries. Many studies have found a link between various climatic evens and their negative impact on societies’ health, wellbeing and work productivity. In particular, there has been an increasing focus in the literature on the link between mental health and climatic variability, especially for rural communities. This is especially so for farming communities in Australia’s Murray-Darling Basin (MDB). MDB farmers have experienced significant increases in temperature and evaporation over the past three decades, and reductions in rainfall and runoff due to climate change. The main question investigated in this thesis was to try to understand the key stress factors affecting farmers’ mental health around the world, particularly focussing upon the consequences of climatic variability for farmers (both dryland and irrigators) in the MDB. To answer this question, a mixed-methods approach was employed involving: a) a systematic review of 167 articles on farmers’ mental health, using a standardised electronic literature search strategy and PRISMA guidelines, to understand the potential key stressors affecting farmers’ mental health around the world; b) Correlative Random Effects panel data regression analysis of MDB farmers’ (2,141 observations), and all Australian farmers (5,426 observations) mental health using 14 waves (2001-02 to 2014-15) of the national longitudinal survey from the ‘Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia’ and utilising spatial analysis from various climate, agricultural and water databases (e.g. rainfall, drought periods, soil moisture, maximum summer temperatures); and c) Ordered Probit regression modelling of the influences on irrigator mental health, using a 2015-16 survey sample of 1,000 irrigators in the southern MDB, merged with a variety of spatial data (e.g. drought, water allocation and temperature). Key findings of this thesis show that water scarcity was associated with MDB farmers (both dryland and irrigators) worsening mental health. In particular, the most important proxies of water scarcity were found to be rainfall, low water allocations, and higher summer temperatures. Results also highlight the importance of financial capital in influencing southern MDB irrigators’ psychological distress, with net farm income, debt, productivity changes, and land capital value being the most important influences, respectively. This thesis also provides some evidence that landholder governance and natural resource management (such as being a certified organic irrigator) statistically positively influenced southern MDB irrigators’ mental health, especially in the horticultural industry (where larger sample sizes were available). These findings will become increasingly policy-relevant, given the increasing pressure placed on farming communities by the impacts of climate change, along with the fact that financial problems are increasing in drought-affected areas across Australia. Key recommendations of this thesis indicate the need for a strong focus on policy that is designed to build greater natural farming and financial capital on-farms, and encourage higher risk-management strategies to withstand a drier future in Australia. In summary, the focus must be to integrate: 1) drought/climate change policy; 2) mental health policy; 3) natural resource management/extension policy; and 4) rural economic and social development policy.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Centre for Global Food and Resources, 2019
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Yang, Mei-Hui, and 楊玫蕙. "The Study of Impact of Socio-Demographics and Travel Characteristics of Tourists from Mainland China on their Travel Satisfaction." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82675460426428451699.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
運動與休閒管理研究所
96
In 2007, there were 78,805 tourists from Mainland China via the third country visited Taiwan.The purpose of this study is to understand socio-demographics, travel characteristics and travel satisfaction of tourists from Mainland China, and analyse how different socio-demographics affect their travel satisfactions. This study also discussed how different socio-demographics affect their travel characteristics, as well as travel characteristics affect their travel satisfactions. The samples were collected by purposive sampling from 94 tour groups within May 5. 2007 to June 5. 2007. After applying descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, independent samples T-test, One-way of Analysis of Variance, multiple analysis, Chi-square test, the study concludes the followings: (1)The typical tourists were the middle-aged (40~49) male with a high socio-economic background; the samples of socio-demographics can be divided into three groups: married middle-aged(40~44) male with university degrees, married middle-aged(50~54) male with a degree of professional training, and single young females with university degrees. (2)Most tourists were visiting Taiwan for their first time and the average day of stay is 7 days. The purpose of visit was mainly for leisure; most of their traveling partners were co-workers; they received travel information from travel agencies. They often stayed overnight at Thailand before came to Taiwan; and the typical size of a tour group is around 17~24 peoples. (3)The highest satisfactions were the transportations, and the lowest is the entertainment, which happened to be a key factor that influences satisfactions. The overall degree of satisfaction is closed to satisfy. (4)Socio-demographics of tourists from Mainland China, such as age, occupation, and income had partial impacted on their degrees of satisfaction. (5)The three socio-demographics groups of tourists from Mainland China (married middle-aged(40~44) male with university degrees, married middle-aged(50~54) male with a degree of professional training, and single young females with university degrees) had significant differences on their length of stay, traveling partners, application qualifications, and the sizes of tour group; the group of married middle-aged(40~44) male with university degrees which typically length of stay was 7 days, accompanied by co-workers, used proof-of-employment as their application qualification, and the size of tour group between 9 to 16 people. (6) Among the travel characteristics of tourists from Mainland China, length of stay in Taiwan, application qualification, the country which they stayed before entering Taiwan and the size of tour group had significant differences on travel satisfactions. The conclusions of this study hopefully would help government to improve oversights of management and measurement in order to prepare for a wide welcome of tourists from Mainland China in the future. The study would help the travel agencies to customize their travel products to serve tourists from mainland China based on the tourists’ socio-demographics and travel characteristics. Finally, the study would provide scholars with further researches.
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Yu, Peng Cheng, and 彭震宇. "A Study of the Relationships among Visitor’s Socio-demographics, Place Attachment, Recreation Experience and Recreation Satisfaction: From the Example of Hsinchu City Eighteen Peaks Mountain." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01875012493165704544.
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碩士國立新竹教育大學
人資處體育碩士專班
98
The purpose of this study was to understand visitors’ socio-demographics, place attachment, recreation experience and recreation satisfaction at Hsinchu City Eighteen Peaks Mountain. The researcher also tried to find out the relationships among degree of perceived visitors’ socio-demographics, place attachment, recreation experience and recreation satisfaction and applied the findings to evaluate recreation service quality at Hsinchu City Eighteen Peaks Mountain. Subjects were Hsinchu City Eighteen Peaks Mountain visitors who were 12 years old and older. The study conducted convenience sampling process to collect data. Questionnaire survey was used as research instrument of this study. There were 540 questionnaires delivered and totally 525 valid questionnaires were received. The response rate was 97.2%. The researcher conducted descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, scheffe post hoc test, simultaneous regression, stepwise regression to analyze the data. Based on the results, primary visitors were males; age were mainly distributed in 31 to 40 years old; the level of education regarded more in university; the occupation were the students at most; monthly incomes were from NT 20,001 to 40,000; and residency were almost in the Hsinchu County. Most visitors had visited this area at least 3 times. It showed that the revisit visitors' ratio was high. Most visitors came to visit with companions who were family members and the relatives. The visitors spent about 2 to 3 hours at Hsinchu City Eighteen Peaks Mountain. Result of the questionnaires showed that Socio-demographics had some significant differences in the place attachment, recreation experience and recreation satisfaction. In this study, the visitors perceived higher degree of place attachment in “place identity” and “place dependence”. The visitors perceived higher degree of recreation experience in “psychological experience” and “physiological experience”. The visitors perceived higher degree of recreation satisfaction in “physiological satisfaction” and “relaxed satisfaction”. By multiple regression analysis, the major results of this research could be summarized as followed: Place attachment positively affected recreation satisfaction and the “place dependence” more than “place identity”. Recreation experience positively affected recreation satisfaction and the “social experience” more than “psychological experience”. Both place attachment and recreation experience affected recreation satisfaction positively. In the part of place attachment, recreation satisfaction was mainly created by the “place identity” and “place dependence”. In the part of recreation experience, recreation satisfaction was mainly created by the “social experience” and “psychological experience”. Above the result of the study, the researcher suggested that administrative unit can widely establish different kinds of recreational facilities to attract a particular segment of visitors who were coming from other places. Besides, to make good use of the activities that Hsinchu County Government and Hsinchu City Government hold to attract more tourists from other places to participate. Management units could also implement health-related leisure activities to attract different age groups. Besides, we must clearly shape the local characteristics and let visitors know that they could get many different recreation experiences in this place. When planning facilities, it must be combined with this environment and design appropriate activities in order to satisfy the recreation experiences that visitors want to get. Finally, the future researchers could choose different seasons to investigate this place. They could also make comparative analysis between low and peak tourist seasons and expand its samples of research with qualitative research method, so that both qualitative and quantitative research could be done. In addition, they could use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore the causality among variables simultaneously.
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Ji, Shaojun. "Projected and Perceived Destination Images of Qingdao, China." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5902.
Full textAbstract:
The images of tourist destinations significantly influence travel choices. Accordingly, destination marketers make great efforts to inform their potential consumers about their destinations using deliberately designed projected images. This research focuses on a Chinese tourism destination, Qingdao, exploring the relationships between the images projected by Qingdao government agencies and those perceived by current visitors and by residents. It also examines the factors that influence the image formation of visitors and residents. Three sources of information are used in this research: promotional materials issued by the Qingdao municipal government and the Qingdao Tourism Administration, key informant interview transcripts and a questionnaires survey. The promotional materials were collected from the aforementioned agencies in May 2009. Key informant interviews were conducted in April and May 2009. Self-administered surveys of 578 visitors and 337 residents of Qingdao were administered throughout May and June 2009. The image construct was conceptualized as having three dimensions: cognitive, affective and overall images. The cognitive image attributes included seafood, scenery, beaches, local people, green space, special events, ethnic attractions, weather, squares, architecture, relaxing atmosphere, resorts, hygiene and cleanliness, cultural attractions, golf course, highway system, accommodation, public transport, shopping, fashion shows, value for money, transportation cost, nightlife, football games, airline schedules, and traffic congestion. The affective image attributes included arousing-sleepy, exciting-gloomy, pleasant-unpleasant, and relaxing-distressful.
Qualitative evaluation suggested greater congruence between the images projected by Qingdao government agencies and those perceived by visitors than quantitative correlation analysis. The projected images of Qingdao and images perceived by visitors were consistent in their emphases on certain image themes. However, the correlations between these two types of images suggested that the extent to which these image themes were emphasized differed. Similar results were found in the comparison between the images projected by Qingdao and those perceived by residents. Furthermore, most visitors and residents held positive images of Qingdao. Both similarities and differences were discovered in the cognitive, affective and overall images perceived by visitors and residents. Residents were generally more positive than visitors in their cognitive and affective images.
It was found that sex, education, place of residence, and previous travel experience only significantly affected visitors’ images of one or two attributes, while age, occupation, primary motivation, most important information source used and number of sources used significantly influenced visitors’ images of between 5 and 8 attributes. Additionally, place attachment and importance of the 2008 Olympic Games were significantly positively correlated with most of the image attributes examined in this study, while importance of German Heritage and Qingdao International Beer Festival were significantly positively correlated with fewer attributes (8 and 6 attributes, respectively).
With regard to the factors influencing resident images, it was discovered that sex, education, age, occupation, length of residence, most important source used and number of sources used significantly affected residents’ images to different degrees, ranging from 7 to 18 attributes. Furthermore, place attachment and the importance of German heritage, the 2008 Olympic Games and Qingdao International Beer Festival were significantly positively correlated with the majority of the image attributes examined in this research.
This study is one of very few that compares projected and perceived images although methodological challenges for undertaking such research remain. It is also innovative in that it encompasses both tourists’ and residents’ images. Very few such studies have been undertaken in China which has a massive domestic tourism industry and is a major player in international tourism.
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Skalík, Jan. "Čím poslanci zelenají? Faktory ovlivňující politiku životního prostředí." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297265.
Full textAbstract:
HOW THE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT ARE GETTING GREEN? Factors Influencing Environmental Policy. Jan Skalík Abstract In the new millennium the Chamber of Deputies has been significantly less supportive towards environmental protection than it was in the 1990s. It has been proved by the analysis of 156 votes concerning the environment in the period 1994 - 2010. Unequivocally, the strongest and the most influential factor in terms of the impact on the other characteristics and the environmental benefits is to which Parliamentary Club the deputy belongs. From the comparison of voting patterns of the Green Party (SZ) and Civic Democratic Party (ODS) it is possible to demonstrate why the environmental legislation is supported mostly by women and MPs from Moravian districts. Generally it could be said that growing political success in the parliamentary right-wing parties is linked to less favourable voting for the environment. However, among centrist and left wing parties this is different: proenvironmental voting is connected to success in the Chamber. MPs who vote pro- environmentally are often older and were elected to the Chamber earlier. While a degree in engineering correlates with an unenthusiastic relationship to the environment, a degree in the humanities is often related to its protection. If an MP is...
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Gevers, Giselle Lara. "The prevalence of and risk factors for neck pain in first year Faculty of Health Science students at the Durban University of Technology." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/3067.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2018.INTRODUCTION: Neck pain is considered to be one of the most disabling conditions, with a universal prevalence among youth, adult and elderly populations. However, despite its disabling nature and its high prevalence there is still much uncertainty surrounding the aetiology of the pain and the extent to which the condition is influenced by the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of an individual. While there is growing evidence to support the notion that marked bio-psychosocial associations exist with neck pain, this literature is heavily weighted toward an adult and a developed nation context leaving developing nations and the student population largely under-researched in comparison. Moreover, while a high prevalence of neck pain and its associated risk factors exist in the student population among health sciences and non-health sciences programmes, across many levels of study, the literature is ambivalent about which faculty and level of study is more at risk, if any. The first year of university stands out among the rest in that the students undergo a significant transition and are required to adapt to a new environment and style of learning compared to what they have been used to. Furthermore, students have been observed to exit first year with higher levels of distress than were present in the beginning of the year, suggesting that this unique environment may influence the psychosocial well-being of students. The extent and strength of this relationship is yet to be determined in a South African tertiary educational context and this is even more true of the first year student population at the Durban University of Technology. Research on the unique bio-psychosocial factors of these students would provide a more holistic understanding of the extent to which these factors exist and the role they play in the general well-being of the students and in the development of neck pain. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed, firstly, to determine the prevalence and psychosocial risk factors of neck pain in registered first year Faculty of Health Sciences students at the Durban University of Technology and, secondly, to determine the association between neck pain presentation, demographic characteristics, socio-demographic and psychosocial risk factors. The outcomes of this study could possibly have a threefold benefit (for the student, the institution, and the chiropractic profession at large). RESEARCH DESIGN: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was adopted in this research. This design was chosen as it was believed to be the best suited to achieving the aims and objectives of the study. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Neck pain questionnaires were administered to the first year Faculty of Health Sciences students at the Durban University of Technology towards the end of the academic year in order to determine the prevalence of neck pain and its associated demographic, socio-demographic, and psychosocial risk factors. There was a final sample size of 135 participants achieving a response rate of 54.7% for the study. Data was captured by the researcher and sent to a statistician for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A high prevalence of neck pain was found among the students (72%) with symptoms of depression (59.8%), anxiety (68.1%), and stress (53.6%) also being highly prevalent among this group. However, when neck pain was quantified by its characteristics the related impact was comparatively low. There was a common theme observed in the results highlighting the association between stress and neck pain, with stress furthermore being determined as an independent risk factor for neck pain (p = 0.023) with an odds ratio of 1.1. This result was not surprising, however, considering the stressors which emerged in the results highlighting factors such as transport protests, student protests, upcoming tests and financial aid as stress causing factors among the participants. The results provided valuable insight which enabled recommendations to be made about the direction of future research as well as recommendations for the Institution and the Chiropractic profession in the approach and management of students enrolled in tertiary education and with neck pain.
M
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Woollett, Emily. "A sociodemographic study of the patients attending the Victoria University student osteopathic clinic." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/935/.
Full textAbstract:
There has been much research into equality on the grounds of socio-economic status (SES), as well as into the socio-demographics of people who attend complimentary healthcare practitioners. The purpose of this study is to examine the socio-economic status and demographic profiles of the patients attending the Victoria University Student Osteopathic Medicine Clinic. Data was collected from the files held at the Victoria University Student Clinic, specifically the patient's age, sex, occupation and postcode. Postcodes are given an index of socio-economic status, which was compiled by the Australian Bureau of Statistics according to census data. The study found that more females than males attend the clinic, that patients are generally of a higher level of SES and are frequently students or office workers.
This minor thesis was written by a post-graduate student as part of the requirements of the Master of Health Science (Osteopathy) program.
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Singh, Urisha. "The health-related microbial quality of drinking water from ground tanks, standpipes and community tankers at source and point-of-use in eThekwini Municipality : implications of storage containers, household demographics, socio-economic issues, hygiene and sanitation practices on drinking water quality and health." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8362.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological quality of drinking water at the
source (taps at eThekwini laboratories, standpipes and mobile community tankers) and
corresponding point-of-use (storage containers and ground tanks) supplied to peri-urban areas
in Durban by eThekwini Municipality. It also aimed to identify factors associated with
deterioration in water quality such as storage of water, household demographics, hygiene and
sanitation practices. In order to determine the microbial quality of drinking water, the pour
plate method (for enumeration of heterotrophic organisms) and the membrane filtration
technique (for total coliforms and E. coli enumeration) were used. Conductivity, turbidity, pH
and total and residual chlorine levels of drinking water were measured. Microbial and
physico-chemical data was collated and statistically analysed with epidemiological data from
an associated study to determine the link between microbial quality of drinking water,
household demographics, health outcomes, socio-economic status, hygiene and sanitation
practices. Findings showed that all point-of-use water was unsafe for human consumption as
a result of either poor source water quality, in the case of standpipes, and microbial
contamination at the point-of-use, in the case of ground tanks and community tankers. The
latter could be attributed to unsanitary environments, poor hygiene practices or poor wateruse
behaviour. Households which included children aged 0-5 years and in which open-top
containers were used for water storage had the highest rates of diarrhoea and vomiting. Water
from ground tanks had the best microbial quality but people in households using this water
presented with the highest rate of diarrhoea. Therefore provision of microbially safe drinking
water will not reduce the rate of health outcomes if addressed in isolation. In order to reduce
water-associated illness, provision of safe and adequate amounts of water, hygiene and
sanitation education and education on water-use behaviour should be provided as a package.
The provision of improved water delivery systems does not ensure that drinking water is safe
for human consumption. Measures, such as point-of-use water treatment should be
considered to ensure that drinking water provided at the source and point-of-use is
microbially safe for human consumption.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2009.
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Manoj, M. "Analysis and Modelling of Activity-Travel Behaviour of Non-Workers from an Indian City." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3832.
Full textAbstract:
Indian cities have been witnessing rapid transformation due to the synergistic effect of industrialisation, flourishing-economy, motorisation, population explosion, and
migration. The alarming increase in travel demand as an after effect of the
transformation, and the scarcity in transport infrastructures have exacerbated urban
transport issues such as congestion, pollution, and inequity. Due to the escalating cost of transport infrastructure and the scarcity of resources such as space, there has been an increasing interest in promoting sustainable transportation policy measures for the optimum use of existing resources. Such policy measures mostly target the activitytravel behaviour of individuals to bring about desired changes in the transport sector. However, the responses of individuals to most of the measures are complex or unknown. The current ‘commute trip-based’ aggregate travel demand analysis
strategy followed in most of the Indian cities is inadequate for providing basic inputs to understand the activity-travel behaviour of individuals under such policy
interventions. Furthermore, the current analysis strategy also ignores the activitytravel behaviour of non-workers – who include homemakers, unemployed, and retired
individuals – whose inclusion to transportation planning is relevant when the
proposed policies are mostly ‘citizen-centric’.
Analysis of activity-travel behaviour of non-workers provide important
inputs to transportation planning as their activity-travel behaviour, and responses to
transportation policies are different from that of workers. However, case studies
exploring the activity-travel behaviour of non-workers from Indian cities are very
limited. Appraising the practical importance of this subject, the current research
undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the activity-travel behaviour of non-workers
from a developing country’s context. To fulfil the goal, a series of empirical analysis are conducted on a primary activity-travel weekday survey data collected from
Bangalore city. The analysis provides insightful findings and interpretations
consistent with a developing country’s perspective.
The day-planner format of time use diary, which was observed to have satisfactory performances in developed countries, is apparently have inferior performances in a developing country’s context. Further, the face-to-face method of survey administration is observed to have higher operating and economic efficiencies compared to the drop-off and pick-up method.
The comprehensive analysis of activity-travel behaviour of non-workers indicate that comparing with their counterparts in the developed world (e.g. the U.S.),
non-workers in Bangalore city are observed to have lower activity participation level
(in terms of time allocation and number of stops), higher dependency on walking,
lower trip chaining tendency, and a distinct time-of-day preference for departing to
activity locations. On the other hand, the analysis shows similarities (mode use and
trip chaining) and differences (time allocation and departure time choice) with the findings of the case studies from the developing world (e.g. China). Activity-travel behaviour of non-workers belonging to low-income households is characterised by
lower activity participation level, higher dependency on sustainable transport modes,
and lower trip chaining propensity, compared to other two income groups (middle and
high-income groups). The research also suggests that built environment measures
have their highest impacts on non-workers’ travel decisions related to shopping.
Finally, the joint analysis of activity participation and travel behaviour of non-workers indicate that in-home maintenance activity duration drives the time allocation and travel behaviour of non-workers, and non-workers trade in-home discretionary
activity duration with travel time. The joint analysis also shows that the time spent on
children’s and elders’ activity is an important time allocation of its own.
Keywords: Activity-travel behaviour, Non-worker, Time Use, Income Groups, India
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Manoj, M. "Analysis and Modelling of Activity-Travel Behaviour of Non-Workers from an Indian City." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3832.
Full textAbstract:
Indian cities have been witnessing rapid transformation due to the synergistic effect of industrialisation, flourishing-economy, motorisation, population explosion, and
migration. The alarming increase in travel demand as an after effect of the
transformation, and the scarcity in transport infrastructures have exacerbated urban
transport issues such as congestion, pollution, and inequity. Due to the escalating cost of transport infrastructure and the scarcity of resources such as space, there has been an increasing interest in promoting sustainable transportation policy measures for the optimum use of existing resources. Such policy measures mostly target the activitytravel behaviour of individuals to bring about desired changes in the transport sector. However, the responses of individuals to most of the measures are complex or unknown. The current ‘commute trip-based’ aggregate travel demand analysis
strategy followed in most of the Indian cities is inadequate for providing basic inputs to understand the activity-travel behaviour of individuals under such policy
interventions. Furthermore, the current analysis strategy also ignores the activitytravel behaviour of non-workers – who include homemakers, unemployed, and retired
individuals – whose inclusion to transportation planning is relevant when the
proposed policies are mostly ‘citizen-centric’.
Analysis of activity-travel behaviour of non-workers provide important
inputs to transportation planning as their activity-travel behaviour, and responses to
transportation policies are different from that of workers. However, case studies
exploring the activity-travel behaviour of non-workers from Indian cities are very
limited. Appraising the practical importance of this subject, the current research
undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the activity-travel behaviour of non-workers
from a developing country’s context. To fulfil the goal, a series of empirical analysis are conducted on a primary activity-travel weekday survey data collected from
Bangalore city. The analysis provides insightful findings and interpretations
consistent with a developing country’s perspective.
The day-planner format of time use diary, which was observed to have satisfactory performances in developed countries, is apparently have inferior performances in a developing country’s context. Further, the face-to-face method of survey administration is observed to have higher operating and economic efficiencies compared to the drop-off and pick-up method.
The comprehensive analysis of activity-travel behaviour of non-workers indicate that comparing with their counterparts in the developed world (e.g. the U.S.),
non-workers in Bangalore city are observed to have lower activity participation level
(in terms of time allocation and number of stops), higher dependency on walking,
lower trip chaining tendency, and a distinct time-of-day preference for departing to
activity locations. On the other hand, the analysis shows similarities (mode use and
trip chaining) and differences (time allocation and departure time choice) with the findings of the case studies from the developing world (e.g. China). Activity-travel behaviour of non-workers belonging to low-income households is characterised by
lower activity participation level, higher dependency on sustainable transport modes,
and lower trip chaining propensity, compared to other two income groups (middle and
high-income groups). The research also suggests that built environment measures
have their highest impacts on non-workers’ travel decisions related to shopping.
Finally, the joint analysis of activity participation and travel behaviour of non-workers indicate that in-home maintenance activity duration drives the time allocation and travel behaviour of non-workers, and non-workers trade in-home discretionary
activity duration with travel time. The joint analysis also shows that the time spent on
children’s and elders’ activity is an important time allocation of its own.
Keywords: Activity-travel behaviour, Non-worker, Time Use, Income Groups, India