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1
Okungbowa, Eki. "‘Womb for Rent’: Socio-Cultural Implications of Reproductive Tourism in India." Alberta Academic Review 2, no. 3 (December 17, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/aar111.
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Background
Commercial surrogacy in India has become an increasingly controversial human rights and global health issue. Indian women living in dire poverty are the most vulnerable group in this transnational phenomenon. Reproductive tourism can be defined as the process whereby affluent people predominately from Global North countries (i.e., Canada) seek assisted reproduction in the Global South (in this case, India), to accomplish fertility and kinship formation goals while remaining oblivious to the inevitable social issues associated with this international trade.
Objective
This paper investigates how the media and academic anthropological research present current understandings of biotechnology, family, and kinship regarding commercial surrogacy. I argue that reproductive tourism is a multifaceted social issue with significant socio-cultural implications for kinship in India and the Global North, by being rooted in a gendered division of labour, culturally-specific belief systems, technological advancement, race and class stratification, capitalist structures, and globalization.
Methods
Although reproductive tourism is indeed interdisciplinary in nature, this project explicitly took an anthropological and global health approach to understanding its impacts on kinship in local and global communities. With regards to researcher positionality, I played an outsider role in understanding Indian women and the cultural context in India. I critically and reflexively analyzed diverse media sources that offered insights on reproductive tourism in India within the domains outlined in my thesis statement. These media sources were found online, and included mainstream media outlets, news articles, articles by journalists and social activists, websites for organizations of interest, corporate sources, blogs, videos, documentaries, and images. I used scholarly articles in anthropology as ethnographic evidence to support, challenge, or extend claims reported by the media. Academic sources included peer-reviewed publications, books, open access materials, grey literature, academic websites, and legal documents. I qualitatively compared and contrasted the presented narratives to conduct a secondary analysis of scholarly literature and media reports, and constructed valid arguments about the current state of reproductive tourism in India.
Results
The commodification of reproductive labour has had vast impacts on the cultural meanings of kinship in India and Global North countries. Reproductive tourism in India is evidence that culture influences biological, reproductive, and technological processes and how they are perceived in contemporary times. Technology and globalization were found to be propellers of commercial surrogacy that transcend international borders. Expectations related to family formation and gender within Western contexts, and Western forms of kinship contribute to the commercial surrogacy industry. Reproductive tourism perpetuates hierarchies along the lines of race and class, and Indian women face exploitation and serious health risks despite being paid for their reproductive labour.
Conclusion
Transnational surrogacy must be perceived by governments as a public matter rather than a private one, in order to adequately derive holistic solutions to halt the exploitation of vulnerable Indian women while balancing the desire of infertile individuals to utilize surrogacy as a means of kinship formation.
Update
This research paper was written in March 2018. As of December 2018, commercial surrogacy is illegal in India. The Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2018 is an attempt by the Indian government to control the industry and associated issues such as the exploitation of poor women and unprecedented health consequences. This law and policy shift by the Indian government affirms the importance of this research.
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Madhurjya Phukan. "The Tai Khamtis Of North-East India: A Socio Cultural Study." Restaurant Business 118, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i11.11848.
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North-East India is a place of various tribal and ethnic groups and it is the place of about
145 tribal groups. The Tai ethnic group of North-east India is one of the largest ethnic group of the region. It has six sub groups namely- Tai khamti, Tai Ahom, Tai Aiton, Tai Phake, tai Khamyang and Tai Turung. The Khamti is one of the smallest sub groups of Tai people. The Khamti people are mainly Buddhists and believer of the Hinyan sect of Buddhism. They are culturally and socially very rich. Here in this study it is trying to give a socio-cultural identity of the Tai khamtis.
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Subramony, Dr R. "Role of Sufi Saints in North –Western India." IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities) 5, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v5i1.113.
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The eighteenth century in Indian History is characterized as an epoch of political anarchy and social chaos that spread unchecked in the wake of the collapse of the Mughal empire. But disintegration of the imperial center and its administrative institutions did not produce any profound effect on the pre-existing pluralistic socio-cultural structure, which was distinguished by widespread Hindu-Muslim unity and culture syncretism in northern India.
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Phukan, Madhurjya. "THE TAI KHAMTIS OF NORTH - EAST INDIA: A SOCIO CULTURAL STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Research 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/10002.
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Kalra, Sanjay, Manash Baruah, Salam Ranabir, Ningthoujam Singh, Asit Choudhury, Satish Sutradhar, Santosh Adhikari, et al. "Guidelines for ethno-centric psychosocial management of diabetes mellitus in India: The north east consensus group statement." Journal of Social Health and Diabetes 01, no. 01 (June 2013): 009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676174.
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AbstractRecently published guidelines on Psychosocial Management of Diabetes in India provide evidence-based recommendations for the whole nation. However, they do not fully address the myriad socio-cultural issues prevalent in the North Eastern states. The eight North Eastern states of India house 45 million people, belonging to 220 ethnic groups who speak an equal number of dialects, and follow distinctly unique cultures, which impact health-related behavior. Such diversity is difficult to cover in any national guideline. This lacuna makes it necessary to have a document, which addresses the specific needs and requirements of diabetes care professionals in the North-east of India. This consensus statement aims to highlight evidence- and experience-based strategies for psychosocial management of diabetes, based upon the unique ethnographic constitution of this part of the country. It is based upon the results of a daylong focused group discussion, held at Sonapur, Assam, on 9th February 2013, involving key opinion leaders from most North-eastern states, including all geographical divisions of Assam. Recommendations are classified into three domains: General, psychological, and socio-cultural, and graded by the weight they should have in clinical practice. Eighteen recommendations of varying strength are made, to help professionals identify the psycho-socio-cultural determinants of diabetes, and to explore the role of psycho-socio-cultural interventions in devising support strategies for people with diabetes and their families. They also aid in developing core skills needed for effective diabetes management. These recommendations provide practical guidelines to fulfill unmet needs in diabetes management in the North-east and help achieve a qualitative improvement in diabetes care. The guidelines may also be useful for diabetes care professionals working with other indigenous groups across the world.
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Kumar, Manashvi. "Demand for Local Renewable Energy Systems: Evidence from North and Middle Andamans." Indian Journal of Public Administration 65, no. 2 (June 2019): 346–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119840908.
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Energy has an innate anthropogenic (human) dimension. Human beings are central to the theme of energy generation and its final consumption. Energy generation and its distribution as a resource governs every aspect of human life on a daily basis. This element necessitates critical understanding of demand aggregation and profiling across socio-cultural systems. The requirement of energy in terms of quantity and quality is emphatically embedded in the socio-cultural ethos of an end-user, the socio-cultural setting of which one is a part. Understanding this aspect is critical for scheduling the supply of energy. Policy issues related to demand side management arise from lack of understanding of behavioural issues of consumers. It stems from community alienation, in planning for generation, transmission and distribution of power. Any techno-economic mega system for power generation is embedded in local socio-cultural systems that comprise all beneficiaries, close or remote. The rural energy landscape needs to be located in different geo-climatic zones and physiographic (physical attributes of landforms such as plateaus, plains, hills, valleys, deserts, islands, etc.) divisions. The study provides an empirical approach for rural energy demand aggregation, drawn from specific socio-cultural system in India.
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Price, Lloyd. "Mother Cow and Maternal Behaviour in Colonial North India." South Asia Research 43, no. 1 (February 2023): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02627280221141050.
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This article offers a historical analysis of the interdisciplinary question to what extent animal behaviour influences domestication, by exploring how socio-cultural representations of cows as mothers were shaped by perceptions of their maternal behaviours. It does so by providing an analysis of the evolution of dairying practices in both the colonial and vernacular sciences of modern India. Mother cow ( gau måtå) was imbibed with spiritual and material significance in the discourses of public health, food security and gastro-politics from the late nineteenth century. But to what extent were cultural representations influenced by the maternal behaviours of the cow? Analysing animal husbandry practices, it is shown here that in contrast to the Western tradition of segregating the mother from her calf, the maternal behaviours and emotions of Bos indicus zebu cows were perceived by many dairy farmers to be an evolved characteristic that needed to be nurtured.
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Singh, M. Kennedy. "Socio-Cultural Imperatives of Entrepreneurship Development a Study from Manipur." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 11, no. 1 (January 2011): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x1101100107.
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The present paper is an attempt to explore the entrepreneurship movement in North Eastern Region of India based on the primary data collected from the remote areas of Manipur. It also tries to highlight the importance and role played by the socio-cultural factors and its dimension in the process of motivating the rural people in region, the origin of market, origin and concept of currency and use of money, myth associated with the concept of earning and hospitality given to the customers, etc. The paper reflects the ground realities of how the cultural sentiment of the region are related with the spirit of entrepreneurship in developing their entrepreneurial activities as an option or an alternative way to eke out from poverty and various economic problems for sustaining their livelihood.
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Dutta, Gyanshree. "SOCIAL CUSTOMS AND BELIEVES OF THE TEA COMMUNITY OF ASSAM: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 1211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11955.
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India is a co-habitation of different casts, socio-cultural, religious groups of people. It is also observed in Assam, the state in the North-East India. It should be noted that the state of Assam has a reputation worldwide in the field of tea production. Since the beginning of tea production in Assam in the 19th century, the Tea Community social group of Assam has been formed with a large number of people working hard in the tea gardens. In this way tea farmers living in Assam since 19th century have become an independent community with their own social and cultural characteristics. The Tea Community of Assam has a lot of individual Characteristics in the socio-cultural aspects. This study attempts to discuss their social folk customs and believes.
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Siddiqui, Arshi, and Ismail Siddiqui. "Usage of Urdu as the Language of Elitism among the Muslims of the Northern and the Deccan parts of India: A Socio-Cultural Review." Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/mejress.v1i2.28.
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Purpose: The paper examines how Urdu evolved from the language of the rulers to the lingua franca of Muslims in the modern times. The paper attempts to highlight how Urdu is still being used as an identity marker for Muslims with respect to the other communities and is a source of ascendancy, an achieved elitist status within the Muslims of the North and Deccan. Approach/Methodology/Design: Socio-cultural analysis. Findings: The usage of Urdu as a political instrument by the Muslim League and the cultural influence the language has exerted on the Muslim community led to its usage as a source of elitism within the community in the modern times. The analysis indicates that there is harking back to the highly Persianised, nastaliq form of Urdu, which was manifested in its literature in the twentieth century as the pure, hegemonic and the aspired language, true to the identity of the community. The language was characterized by its emergence as a monolithic, distinctive medium, overcoming the different varieties and registers during the British rule through the Hindi-Urdu controversy. Practical Implications: This review study situates Urdu in a socio-cultural context, reflecting the historical status of the language in India. Originality/value: Urdu has been recognized as a language of a particular community i.e. Muslims in the Indian subcontinent, especially those in the Northern and the Deccan parts of the independent India. This review article, through the use of literature review and content analysis, shows that Urdu is used as a language by Muslims in a way that denotes their high status within the community, due to a variety of factors embedded in the socio-cultural history of the community in the Indian subcontinent.
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Tripath, Biplab, and Subhechya Raha. "Role of Socio-Cultural Activities of Tribal People in Tourism Development in Arunachal Pradesh, with Special Reference to Local Festivals." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 27, no. 9 (August 23, 2023): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2023/v27i9712.
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Cultural diversity is an asset for a nation. Diverse culture can bring an array of beautiful tradition and socio-cultural activities which becomes a point of attraction for people who comes to travel and explore. India is a country of diversity and North East India is known for its diversity of myriad tribes. Arunachal Pradesh homes 26 type of major tribe and many more sub tribes. Thus obviously Arunachal Pradesh is abundant with cultural asset. Each tribe has their own distinct socio-cultural activities that make them special. Tribal tourism is an important part of sustainable tourism, where the tourists involve in responsible tourism activities. The tribal culture of Arunachal Pradesh had been a tourist attractor since the year the state opened itself for tourism. Along with scenic beauty, tribal lifestyle had been a curious attraction for people who love to explore culture. And what can be a major display of culture other than the festivals. Tribal festival attracts a lot of tourist from all over the place for their beautiful projection of cultural heritage. Tribal local festivals of Arunachal Pradesh hold a great potentiality of tourism industry throughout the year.
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KASTURI, MALAVIKA. "Gurusand Gifting:Dana, themathreform campaign, and competing visions of Hindusangathanin twentieth-century India." Modern Asian Studies 52, no. 1 (January 2018): 99–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000671.
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AbstractFrom the early twentieth century, Hindu socio-religious and political bodies debated the use thatmaths(monastic establishments) made of their wealth, amassed in large part throughdana(socio religious gifts). From the early nineteenth century, Anglo Hindu law on inheritance, and thereafter the Religious and Charitable Endowments Acts, had enabled the autonomy ofmathsby classifying them as private religious corporations, not charitable endowments. This article suggests that themathreform campaign between 1920 and 1940 in north India was impelled by the preoccupations of heterogeneous Hindu political and socio-religious organizations withdanaand its potential to fund cultural and political projects regenerating an imagined Hindu socio-religious community. Specifically, the Hindu Mahasabha yokeddanato its Hindusangathan(unity) campaign to strategically craft an integrated ‘Hindu public’ transcendingsampraday(religious traditions) to protect its interests from ‘external enemies’. My discussion probes how the Hindu Mahasabha and its ‘reformist’ allies urged the conversion ofmathsinto public charitable trusts, or endowments accountable to an ephemeral ‘Hindu public’ and the regulation of their expenditure. Monastic orders,guru-based associations like the Bharat Dharma Mahamandala, and the majority of orthodox Hindus successfully opposed this campaign, defending the interests ofmathsandsampradaybefore and after independence. In so doing, they challenged Hindusangathanby articulating alternative visions of the socio-religious publics and communities to be revitalized through philanthropy. Through this discussion, the article charts the uneasy relationship between monasticism and an emerging Hindu nationalist cultural and political consciousness that remained fractured and internally contested.
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Bhattacharya, Sayan, Arkajyoti Shome, Subrato Sarkar, Debayan Purkait, and Uday Chand Ghosh. "Socio-Environmental Survey of Two Ecologically Important Hamlets of North Bengal, India." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 28 (May 2014): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.28.102.
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Lava is a small hamlet situated 34 km. east of the Kalimpong subdivision in Darjeeling district of the state of West Bengal, India. Rishyap/Rishop, which nestles amidst the hidden hills of Neora Valley is around 9 km. from Lava. The forest of Neora Valley is very close to Lava and is an excellent place of Indian biodiversity, which spreads over an area of 88 km2. The main objective of the present research work was to construct the social, environmental, cultural and economic framework of the Lava and Rishop area and to highlight the proposals for sustainable management policies of those ecologically sensitive zones. The study was done in April, 2014 by visiting Lava, Rishop and Neora Valley and the information was gathered through field survey and direct contact with common people and authorized centers of the regions. Surveys on the agriculture, horticulture, livestock, water management, education, culture, health, waste management, transport and biodiversity were done in these areas. Lava, Rishop and the Neora valley areas have become the prominent tourist spots of West Bengal for pleasure trips, biological and geographical excursions and medical research works. In spite of getting so much attention in the recent time, the areas are not adequately developed. There is an urgent need for implementing sustainable management systems in the areas for the betterment of the socio-environmental structures. Some of the possible management strategies have been suggested for maintaining the social, environmental, economic and ecological balance of the region.
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Chakraborty, Debarati, and Avik Ray. "Population genetics analyses of North-East Indian indigenous rice landraces revealed divergent history and alternate origin of aroma in aus group." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 5 (September 16, 2019): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262119000273.
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AbstractThe rice-based agriculture of the Indian subcontinent has been interwoven in the rich socio-cultural fabric of the country. Of which, bio-culturally diverse North-Eastern states nurture thousands of landraces with poorly tapped agronomic traits. In the present study, 27 standard microsatellite data from 171 rice landraces from six states were analysed to understand their genetic diversity and population structure. Further, combining with a global dataset, we determined subpopulation identity using both model-based and multivariate analyses to uncover their history. We found moderate to high genetic diversity and high differentiation [standardized G”ST = 0.57]. The AMOVA partitioned overall variance into within population (75%) and among population (25%). The landraces from six states remained at various degrees of differentiation (pairwise FST = 0.09–0.41). We have detected a preponderance of aus-type in a majority of aromatic landraces. Rests were japonica and admixed with a little representation of indica. The presence of aromatic aus probably implied assimilation into local culture from the primary aus growing region of Bangladesh and India. Likewise, the arrival of japonica may stem from the exchange of goods among neighbouring dynasties via Southern and Southwestern Silk routes. The shared ancestry may reflect a merger of two ancient cultures. Our analyses also uncovered the existence of aus-type short and medium grain aromatic rice predicting an origin of aroma in aus subpopulation. Collectively, it demonstrated the diversity and divergent history of the rice landraces have been shaped by various socio-cultural interactions operative over time and space.
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Sanjay-Swami. "Integrated Management of Land, Water and Bioresources for Sustainable Agriculture in North Eastern Region of India." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 4, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.040210.
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The ecosystem approach is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. There is no single way to implement the ecosystem approach, as it depends on local, provincial, national, regional or global conditions. The North Eastern Region (NER) of India represents three geographies (East Himalayas, Brahmaputra Valley, and North East Hills) and covers about 7.7 percent of the total geographic area of India. Around 56 percent of the cultivated area of the NER is under low altitude (valley or lowland), 33 percent under mid-altitude (flat upland), and the rest under high altitude (upland terrace). The environment, local conditions, socio-economic and socio-cultural life of different tribal communities and the rituals associated with agricultural practices have developed many Indigenous farming systems, which have in-built eco-friendly systems for conservation, preservation and utilization of natural resources. However, with the passage of time, some of these practices have been further refined and modified to cater the location specific present day needs for conservation of natural resources, particularly soil and water resources. The present article is to discuss some important ecosystem approaches/traditional practices followed in the North Eastern Region with recent innovations to make agriculture more efficient and more sustainable.
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Khan, Shazia, and Ajaya K. Sahoo. "The Sound of Diaspora: The Evolution and Transformation of Indo-Caribbean Music." Journal of Migration History 9, no. 2 (July 4, 2023): 220–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-09020004.
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Abstract Traditional North-Indian music has played a crucial role in creating a distinct identity for Indians in the Caribbean since the arrival of the first indentured migrants in 1838. The use of socio-cultural and political elements to connect with the homeland is one of the important features of Indo-Caribbean music. ‘Creolisation’ is indisputable in Caribbean music, which was a result of merging Indian music with local Caribbean music, giving rise to different styles of music, i.e., Baithak Gana, Chutney, and Chutney Soca. This article examines diasporic metamorphoses as a means to understanding how immigrants from India asserted their ethnic identity through such metrics of music. One of the important findings of this research shows that Indians in the Caribbean tried to keep Hindustani music alive despite constant changes taking place in the field as a result of globalisation.
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Khan, Zainab, Siraj Ahmad, Jai Vir Singh, and Akhilesh Dutta Dwivedi. "Assessment of menstrual hygiene management practices and associated socio-cultural restrictions among adolescent school girls in a rural area of North India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2019): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190559.
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Background: There is inadequate information on menstrual hygiene management practices and socio-cultural restrictions among adolescent girls in developing countries. The objective of the present study was to assess the menstrual hygiene management practices and associated socio-cultural restrictions among adolescent school girls.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among adolescent school girls 10 to 19 years of age, who had attained menarche, in a rural area of district Barabanki. Total 640 adolescent girls were included in the study, and information was recorded on a predesigned and pretested interview schedule. Relevant statistical analysis was done and significant associations were found.Results: 60.5% of the girls were using sanitary pads, and 71.4% took bath during their periods. 41.3% of the girls used to change pads during schools. Unsatisfactory menstrual hygiene management practices were significantly high among girls who were from lower socioeconomic class (p<0.001) and had illiterate mothers (p<0.001). 82.8% of the girls faced religious restriction.Conclusions: Significant associations were found between menstrual hygiene management practices of adolescent school girls with their mother’s education level and socio economic status. A proper menstrual hygiene management practice is very important for every young girl to lead a healthy life and should be achieved at the beginning of their menarche by enhanced information education and communication (IEC) programmes.
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Dutta, Uttaran, and Mohan Jyoti Dutta. "Songs of the Bauls: Voices from the Margins as Transformative Infrastructures." Religions 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10050335.
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Bauls, the rural minstrels who sing songs of transformation, are a socio-economically and politico-religiously marginalized cultural population from rural Bengal (both from eastern and north-eastern, India and from Bangladesh). They identify themselves outside of any organized religion or established caste system in India, and therefore are constituted at the margins of contemporary global South. Voicing through their songs and narratives of emancipation, they interrogate and criticize material and symbolic inequalities and injustices such as discrimination and intolerance (including class and caste hierarchies, and other forms of disparities) perpetuated by hegemonic authorities and religious institutions. Embracing a critical communication lens, this paper pays attention to material and discursive marginalization of Bauls and Fakirs, foregrounding voice as an anchor to communicative interrogation of structural and cultural inequalities. Through voice, Bauls and Fakirs foreground reflexive spiritual and humane practices that raise societal consciousness and cultivate polymorphic possibilities.
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Sharma, Harish, Kashmir Singh Pant, Rohit Bishist, Prem Prakash Sharma, and Krishan Lal Gautam. "Agroforestry Systems in North-Western Himalayas, India: An Overview." Agrobiodiversity & Agroecology 02, no. 01 (June 30, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/aa020101.
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The Agroforestry systems practiced traditionally in Himalayan region are witnessed by the trees retained by farmers on their farmland. This traditional sustainable land use may be driven by topographical features, socio-economic conditions, cultural and aesthetic values in the region. For the development of any location-specific agroforestry technology, understanding the basis as well as goals towards which it is to be directed plays an important role. With the time human population has increased, rapid urbanization and industrialization increasing demand an alternate land use system tending to cope with the developmental activities in a sustainable manner. Agroforestry technology acts as a cushion against the ecological hazards associated with the developmental activities. The present article is an overview of the various agroforestry practices prevalent and their structural composition in different agro-ecological zones, along with their potential bio-economic productivity, in Himachal Pradesh of North-Western Himalayan region. Agri-silviculture, agri-horticulture, agri-silvi-horticulture, agri-horti-silviculture, horti-silviculture, silvi-pasture, pastoral-silviculture, agri-silvi-pasture, pastoral-silvi-horticulture, etc. are among different agroforestry systems in the region with structural composition varying as per needs and preferences of the farmers and suiting ecological conditions. The production potential in terms of biological productivity ranged between 5.13ton ha-1 and 198.20 ton ha-1. Economically, the benefit and cost ratio of the systems varied from 1.23 to 5.77 depending on the nature of the components associated, expenses incurred, and the returns obtained from the systems. Further, being economically viable the important advantage associated with the agroforestry is the carbon storage potential helping in mitigation and adaptation to the changing climatic conditions. The carbon stock potential among different agroforestry systems varied from 29.72 ton ha-1 to109.93 ton ha-1.
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Bhardwaj, Suraj Bhan. "Peasant-State Relation in Late Medieval North India (Mewat)." Medieval History Journal 20, no. 1 (March 24, 2017): 148–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945816687636.
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Studies on peasantry in medieval India 1 , particularly peasant protests in the late Mughal period, have not adequately addressed the issue of class consciousness in peasantry or that of class character of peasant protests against the state. In a way, agency has been denied to the peasantry in collectively developing and articulating an informed understanding of its distinct social position and economic interests as a class, as well as in protecting those interests. This essay retrieves this agency by arguing that the peasantry in late medieval north India, that is, late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries ce, did develop a degree of self-consciousness as a class and that its conflict with the state did betray a certain class character. The folksongs and folktales popular among the peasantry since the medieval times have all the ingredients with which to construct a definite peasant class ideology that included conceptions of economic interest, social ethics and relation with the ruling class. On the basis of hitherto understudied Rajasthani documents, the article details the various ways in which the state intervened in the peasants’ socio-cultural and economic lives and the ways in which the peasants responded to these interventions. It also shows how the peasants’ class consciousness conditioned their engagement with the state in specific areas, whether grievance redressal, conflict resolution or agricultural production and surplus distribution. Furthermore, it discusses how caste consciousness in a stratified peasant society impinged on its class consciousness. However, there remained certain limits to the fuller development of this class consciousness, which ultimately constrained the fuller realisation of the potential of peasants’ class struggle against the state. The essay locates these limits in the peasants’ periodic negotiations with the state and their belief in the ideal of a non-conflictual, harmonious relation with the state.
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Nag, Sajal. "Rescuing Imagined Slaves: Colonial State, Missionary and Slavery Debate in North East India (1908–1920)." Indian Historical Review 39, no. 1 (June 2012): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983612449529.
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Although the colonial State and the Christian missionaries shared the same colonial space pursuing their modernist respective projects, they did not really share similar ideas on modernity and civilization. The result often was open conflict. One such event occurred in war-time (1908–14) Lushai hills (Mizoram) when a radical Welsh missionary demanded that the colonial administration abolish an institution which he saw as ‘slavery’. The administration denied the existence of any such institution and in turn expelled the missionary for interfering in tribal life. This article examines the construction of ‘slavery’ and larger implication of understanding of indigenous socio-cultural institutions by westerners, but also intervenes on the larger debate of using enlightenment-rationalist paradigms in disrupting indigenous traditions and institutions.
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Mylliemngap, Wishfully. "Agrobiodiversity and Natural Resource Management in Traditional Agricultural Systems of Northeast India." Agrobiodiversity & Agroecology 01, no. 01 (November 10, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/aa010101.
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North-East India, which falls under the Indian Eastern Himalayan region and forms part of two global biodiversity hotspots, is well-known for its rich diversity of flora, fauna, cultures and traditional knowledge systems. Agriculture is the main occupation of the communities living in this region supplemented by utilization of wild useful species from the nearby forests. Traditional agriculture in North-East India follows mixed cropping pattern through multi-cropping, crop rotation, use of multipurpose nitrogen (N)-fixing trees, along with protection of semi-domesticated and wild biodiversity, including medicinal plants, wild edible fruits and vegetables, fodder plants and other useful species. Presently, there has been a gradual shifting from subsistence cultivation to commercial agriculture driven by market forces and modernization, leading to transition from traditional to intensive agriculture and monoculture of cash crops. This has resulted in reduced cultivation of local crop varieties and disappearance of the associated traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). Therefore, the present study attempts to review the contribution of traditional agricultural practices to agrobiodiversity conservation and sustainable natural resource management. Relevant traditional practices such as shifting (Jhum) cultivation systems, bamboo-drip irrigation, paddy-cum-fish cultivation, traditional agroforestry systems of different Indigenous communities residing in different states of North-East India were mentioned in this review. It is undeniable that TEK was developed by communities through many centuries by trial-and-error methods to conform to the local climate, topography, ecology and socio-cultural relevance to the concerned Indigenous communities. This knowledge, therefore, has a great scope for improvement by integration with scientific knowledge for transforming into sustainable agricultural systems in the face of climate change adaptation and mitigation of the vulnerable mountain communities of the Himalayan region.
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Ar. Vanishree Mysore Ranganath. "Sensitivity in Residential Design Towards Sustainability - A Vernacular Approach." Creative Space 6, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2019.62008.
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Vernacular design depicts a visual imagery of myriad layers of environmental, socio-cultural and economical ways of life. Initially, the development of Vernacular concepts originated with articulation of spaces to accommodate different forms of shelter appropriate to micro and macro climatic conditions across varied geographical locations.Later, it established an affinity for the place where the landscapes embraced these indigenous resources and practices and ensured compatibility between people, nature and human built environment. Hence, a reflexive relationship between nature and built environment which includes the necessity to create and adopt the right methodology evolved with time.Further, this pragmatic approach not only stands as an evidence to prove the positive impact it has on the environment but also holds the key to a sustainable development. An insight into diverse residential development patterns across different geographical locations in Indian subcontinent substantiates the above statement. The parameters that dictate the built form of these dwellings also contribute to the degree of design sensitivity towards the sustenance of that built form. This paper specifically analyses the factors that define the scope of residential planning across Peninsular India, North - Western regions and North -Eastern parts of India. This paper will also investigate the resilient nature of these factors which play a predominant role in the providing a conducive environment for sustainable development.
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Chesti, Mohmad Saleem, Sheenam Gazala, Tansila Rashid, and Juzair Rasool Sheikh. "Prevalence and risk factors associated with overweight and obesity in age group between 8 to 19 years in North India, a school based cross-sectional study." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 9, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20220120.
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Background: The objective of this study was to observe association of demographic, lifestyle factors and Socio cultural and economic factors among children’s and adolescents with overweight and obesity.Methods:Our study was cross sectional study, carried out in age group between 8 to 19 years of age from June to October 2019 in nine schools of district Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, North India. Body mass index (weight in kg/height in m2) was assessed to identify participants with (overweight/obese), CDC sex and age specific growth charts were used for assessment. Structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding socio-demographics and respondent’s exposure to various risk factors.Results: In our study, among 354 participants study showed that 44.1% were boys and 55.9% were girls. Among these15.5% were overweight and 5.9% were obese in females, while as 7.9% were overweight and 2.5% were obese in males, thus showing female preponderance. Besides this physical activity, consumption of junk/fast foods along with watching TV and video games along with mother education and occupation were significantly associated with overweight and obesity in children’s and adolescents.Conclusions:Having overweight parents along with limited exercise and Sedentary activities along with physical inactivity compounded by erratic eating habits with overweight parents are main risk factors leading to overweight and obesity in school going children’s and adolescents in north Kashmir, India.
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Basumatary, Tarun Kumar, Reena Terangpi, Ramie H. Begum, Chandan Brahma, Padmoraj Roy, Hankhray Boro, Hwiyang Narzary, et al. "Jou: the traditional drink of the Boro tribe of Assam and North East India." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 3, no. 2 (April 25, 2014): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2014.3220.
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Jou is an integral part of the socio-cultural life of the Boros. The Boro has an old age tradition of preparing Jou from fermented cooked rice (jumai) with locally prepared yeast cake called Amao. Jou is traditionally used in marriage, worship and in all social occasions and it is of three kinds Jou- bidwi, finai and gwran (distilled alcohol from jumai). Amao is traditionally prepared from seven plants species- Oryza sativa L., Scoparia dulcis L., Musa paradisiaca, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk., Ananas comosus (L). Merr., Clerodendron infortunetum L., Plumbago zeylancia L. Boro, an ethnic tribe in Kokrajhar district of Assam state, Northeast India is the material of the present study where elderly men and women were exclusively selected for the interview. The research included participatory approach of unstructured and semi-structured interviews and group discussions. The paper describes indigenous methods of preparation of Amao and harvesting of Jou. The used of different components as distilling unit for obtaining alcohol have also been emphasized. Present study has established Amao as a potential source of yeast medium used for fermenting rice and preparing Jou. Besides commercial exploitation of these plants as yeast media may be explored and encourage.
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Singh, Mohita, Jyoti Sethi, Meenakshi Garg, Parul Singh, and Utkarsh Sethi. "Preliminary screening for orthorexia nervosa in undergraduate student population of north India using ORTO-15 questionnaire." Journal of Preventive Medicine and Holistic Health 7, no. 2 (November 15, 2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jpmhh.2021.016.
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Orthorexia is a term used for “obsession for healthy and proper nutrition”. ON is a recently identified disorder and prevalence studies are mainly limited to Eurasian and Scandanavian countries. There is a paucity of literature currently available for Asian population and more specifically for the Indian population. Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate the prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa in Indian population. To estimate the prevalence of ON in young North Indian population and to highlight its characteristics. The study population consisted of 448 young students (males=173, females=275). The ORTO-15 questionnaire developed by Donini et al. was used to determine the prevalence. Subjects who scored below 40 were classified as having ON. : Mean score of the participants in the ORTO-15 was using a 40 point threshold. A total of three fourth of the young students in the study group exhibited orthorexic tendency. High prevalence of ON in young students necessitates that Orthorexia Nervosa trends in general population be assessed in Indian subcontinent for better understanding of eating disorders and its interplay with socio-cultural diversities.
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Bhattacharya, Sayan, and Uday Chand Ghosh. "Socio-Environmental Surveys of Tinchuley and Takdah: Two Emerging Ecotourism Hamlets of North Bengal, India." International Letters of Natural Sciences 23 (August 2014): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.23.9.
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Tinchuley (Latitude: 26.89748 N, Longitude: 88.23268 E) is a remote hamlet located close to Darjeeling which can be reached through a drive of 32 kilometers. Takdah Cantonment (Latitude: 26.89745 N, Longitude: 88.23265 E) is a settlement located in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. It is one of the upcoming tourist centers of the Darjeeling hills, around 4 km. from Tinchuley. The winding roads, tall pine and fir trees, intruding packs of cloud and warm and hospitable people makes it an ideal destination for people looking to escape from the hectic lifestyle of the city. The main objective of the present research work was to construct the social, environmental, cultural and economic framework of Tinchuley and Takdah Cantonment area and to highlight the proposals for sustainable management policies of those ecologically sensitive zones. The study was done in May, 2014 by visiting Tinchuley and Takdah and the information was gathered through field survey and direct contact with common people and authorized centers of the regions. Surveys on the agriculture, horticulture, livestock, water management, education, culture, health, waste management, transport and biodiversity were done in these areas. Tinchuley and Takdah have become the prominent tourist spots of West Bengal for pleasure trips, biological and geographical excursions and medical research works. In spite of getting so much attention in the recent time, the areas are not adequately developed. There is an urgent need for implementing sustainable management systems in the areas for the betterment of the socio-environmental structures. Some of the possible management strategies have been suggested for maintaining the social, environmental, economic and ecological balance of the regions.
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Bhattacharya, Sayan, and Uday Chand Ghosh. "Socio-Environmental Surveys of Tinchuley and Takdah: Two Emerging Ecotourism Hamlets of North Bengal, India." International Letters of Natural Sciences 23 (August 19, 2014): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-798gmu.
Full textAbstract:
Tinchuley (Latitude: 26.89748 N, Longitude: 88.23268 E) is a remote hamlet located close to Darjeeling which can be reached through a drive of 32 kilometers. Takdah Cantonment (Latitude: 26.89745 N, Longitude: 88.23265 E) is a settlement located in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. It is one of the upcoming tourist centers of the Darjeeling hills, around 4 km. from Tinchuley. The winding roads, tall pine and fir trees, intruding packs of cloud and warm and hospitable people makes it an ideal destination for people looking to escape from the hectic lifestyle of the city. The main objective of the present research work was to construct the social, environmental, cultural and economic framework of Tinchuley and Takdah Cantonment area and to highlight the proposals for sustainable management policies of those ecologically sensitive zones. The study was done in May, 2014 by visiting Tinchuley and Takdah and the information was gathered through field survey and direct contact with common people and authorized centers of the regions. Surveys on the agriculture, horticulture, livestock, water management, education, culture, health, waste management, transport and biodiversity were done in these areas. Tinchuley and Takdah have become the prominent tourist spots of West Bengal for pleasure trips, biological and geographical excursions and medical research works. In spite of getting so much attention in the recent time, the areas are not adequately developed. There is an urgent need for implementing sustainable management systems in the areas for the betterment of the socio-environmental structures. Some of the possible management strategies have been suggested for maintaining the social, environmental, economic and ecological balance of the regions.
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Subramony, Dr R. "The Mystic Path of Shaikh Bahauddin Zakariya." IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities) 5, no. 4 (August 20, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v5i4.115.
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Shaikh Bahauddin Zakariya (1182-1262) laid the foundation of the Suhrawardi order in Multan, which played a significant role in the socio cultural history of north-western India. His ancestors had migrated from Mecca and settled in Multan. His father Shaikh Wajihuddin was married to the daughter of Maulana Husamuddin Tirmizi, who had migrated to Punjab in the wake of the Mongol invasions. Bahauddin Zakariya was born at Kot Karor, a village near Multan. While still a young boy, he memorized the Quran and learnt to recite it in seven styles of recitation. During a long stay in the famous centres of education – Khurasan, Bukhara, Madina and Palestine- he studied the traditional subjects
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Hetherwick Kumwenda, Colby. "Ignoring the North: Redressing a Serious Flaw in Liberation Theology from the Context of Malawi." Feminist Theology 27, no. 1 (September 2018): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0966735018794486.
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Narratives of discrimination due to gender differentiations, educational background, cultural systems and/or political alignments are not new phenomena in human history. The concepts themselves are as old as the applications within the systems. In order to grasp the cruciality of the tendency, this article discusses the realities of discrimination among the people of northern Malawi using the Dalit experiences in India. Its emphasis is on how the Northerners of Malawi are politically and socio-economically sidelined in the entire system of governance. The article draws the conclusion that theology can in some ways help to minimize the situation when tolerance and accommodation in God’s design can be put into practice in order to promote harmony and togetherness. If this can be enhanced, the ignored North can feel part of Malawi and by doing so, they can reconstruct their lost humanity and dignity.
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Makhija, Bela, Deepika Verma, and Asif Mustafa. "A root cause analysis of increasing caesarean section rates in a tertiary care private hospital in North India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 4531. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20194888.
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Background: Increase in the incidence of caesarean section is a matter of concern worldwide. Robson’s criteria which is universally accepted now as a way for calculating caesarean rates takes into account only the obstetrical consideration, however, it is noteworthy that many socioeconomic and cultural factors also have a role to play. This study takes into account both Robson’s criteria and common socio-cultural factors which lead to increased caesarean rates with an attempt to suggest ways to curtail this trend.Methods: The study was a hospital based cross-sectional study at a private tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. 1200 consecutive live births after 34 weeks of gestation were analysed over a period of one year.Results: LSCS was the most common mode of delivery 733 (61.1%). 329 (27.4%) had induced labour of which 260 (76.2%) had LSCS. 333 women had elective LSCS. Rates of CDMR were 185 (25.2%) which is very significant. As per Robson’s criteria maximum number of women (318) were in group 2, of which 226 (71.1%) underwent caesarean section.Conclusions: High caesarean rates can be attributed to a multitude of factors. Robson’s criteria are an effective way for analysis of obstetric indications. Other added factors include comorbidities, CDMR, fear of litigations, etc which were analysed.
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Nyori, Doge, and Reken Lollen. "Lura system of the Galos: A study of its origin and socio-religious significance." Dera Natung Government College Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2019): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56405/dngcrj.2019.04.01.10.
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Mithun, also popularly known as ‘Cattle of Mountain’ is an important bovine species of north-eastern region of India and also of China, Myanmar, Bhutan and Bangladesh. Mithuns are presently reared under free-range condition in the hill forests. Mithun plays an important role in the socio-economic and cultural life of the Galo people. However, with the dwindling population of Mithun over the years and gradual denudation of free-range area along with the biotic and abiotic stress, there is urgent need of scientific intervention and practicing the aged old traditional method of Mithun management (Lura) for proper management as well as conservation of this beautiful hill animal. This article is an attempt to highlight the significance and various important facets associated with the Lura system of the Galos of Arunachal Pradesh.
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Mujib, Abdul. "RE-INVENTING THE ROLE OF FEMALEULAMA IN THE INTELLECTUAL TRADITION OF ISLAM MALAY." Ri'ayah: Jurnal Sosial dan Keagamaan 4, no. 02 (December 1, 2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/riayah.v4i02.1881.
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Studies on the involvement of female ulama (Muslim clerics) in the Islamic intellectual tradition are still in quite small number, not only in Malay-Nusantara area, but also in other Muslim regions such as Arabia, West Asia, Africa, North Africa, subcontinent of India, and so forth. Even though the studies on woman and gender is recently getting their momentum, the focused attention is not referred to the socio-cultural history of female ulama. This paper is a library research in nature. It attempts to deeply present the role of Fathimahbinti Abdul WahabBugis in the intellectual tradition of Islam Malay. It is concluded that Fathima’s role is very significantly considered in the intellectual tradition particularly in the field of fiqh (jurispundence).
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Gandotra, Nikita, Reena Pal, and Sonam Maheshwari. "Assessment of knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene among urban adolescent girls in North India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 7 (June 27, 2018): 2825. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182889.
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Background: Menstruation and menstrual practices are still associated with socio-cultural restriction and taboos which results lack of knowledge and awareness in adolescent girls and remain ignore of scientific facts and hygienic practices during menstruation leads to severe reproductive health problems. The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge and menstrual hygiene practices among urban adolescent girls.Methods: A cross sectional observational study conducted. Total 120 adolescent girls enrolled in this study who were attended in gynaecological OPD. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was collected regarding menstrual cycle, knowledge about menstruation, practices during menstruation and menstrual hygiene. Data entry and analysis was carried out in Microsoft excel and analysis done by using frequency.Results: All participants were doing schooling, most of them they have done their high school study (47.5%) and 52.5% of adolescent girls were attended menarche between 10-13 yrs of age. Majority of participants were knowing about the menstruation before menarche (62.5%). Friends followed by mothers were the major sources of knowledge i.e.35% and 27.5% respectively. 22.5% of adolescent girls still using cloth as menstrual absorbent.Conclusions: All adolescent girls should be educated about the menstruation, physiological implications, its significance and proper hygienic practices during menstruation. Incorrect restrictions, myths and beliefs associated with menstruation can be removed by the help of parents, teachers, trained school nurses/ health personnel.
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Biton, Dr Bibungsar Swargiary. "AN OVERVIEW OF FAIR AND FESTIVALS OF THE BODOS AND PARTICIPATION OF WOMENFOLK." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 3, no. 2 (July 21, 2022): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v3.i2.2022.139.
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The Bodos are the early settler of North-east India basically Assam and also inhabitants of neighboring countries of India like Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh. Racially the Bodo belongs to the Mongoloid stock of the Indo-Mongoloids or Indo-Tibetans. The Bodos are most adventurous in their cultural activities. The Bodos are most close to nature. Hence, the maximum activities are closed to nature and their livelihood also depends on nature. The observation of the socio-cultural activities and their economy depends on nature. The Bodos observe diverse fairs and festivals at different times or seasons before cultivation, during the cultivation, and after the end of the cultivation. During the observation of the fair and festivals, all the people come to enjoy willingly together. The Bodos are very rich in their culture and tradition which are reflected quite in their fairs and festivals. The fair and festivals of the Bodos mostly related to agriculture and allied activities. These fairs and festivals are classified into three types of Seasonal festivals, Agricultural festivals, and religious festivals. In all the fairs and festivals womenfolk have a big contribution or role in Bodo society. The womenfolk are foremost part of the celebration of the fair and festivals of the Bodos.
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Deori, Bhupen. "Identity Formation and Political Assertion among the Deoris." International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v2i3.58.
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Sub-regionalism or communalism, as we all know is a sentiment of similarity, amongst the people belonging to the same group. It means a sense of common consciousness or peoples under the same political organization. We know that there are different responsible causes for the resurgence amongst the tribal groups of North-East India and they have different natures, for example; aspiration for separate identity, aspiration for establishing an autonomous council, development council, creation of a new state and many more. Assam is a part of the North-Eastern region of India, a district inhabited by aboriginal tribal communities in this state, viz; the Bodos , Karbis, Dimasas, Mishings, Deoris, Rabhas, Sonowal Kacharis etc. They are distinguished from each-other societies by certain modes , behavior, character such as dress code, food habits ,socio-cultural rituals and religious belief. The Deoris are one of the major ethnic plain tribe of Assam. They have their own language to converse amongst themselves, own religious beliefs, living styles etc. Their present population is approximately two Lakhs According to census report of Deori autonomous council (DAC) . The Deories are settled mostly in the Districts of Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Sibsagar, Dibrugarh, Jorhat, Sonitpur and Tinsukia of Assam and some villages are also situated in the Districts of Changlang, Lohit and Tirap of Arunachal Pradesh. The Deori Autonomous Council (DAC), a political organization of Deoris, established in 2005, to fulfill their socio-economic development. The aspiration of the Deori people for a separate identity is not a new concept. It has some longest historic stages. It was seen that the struggle for a separate identity was began during the time of eighty decade, under the banner of the All Assam Deori Student Union (AADSU), which formed in 1959. In this present article, we attempt to focus the aspiration of the Deori peoples and their struggle for a separate identity.
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Manna, Saikat, and Anirban Roy. "Indian sacred groves: Floristic diversity, Ecology and conservation." International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences 3, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/268963821834540209.
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Practice of conservation of biological diversity in India had been carried out since dates back and sacred groves, the socially protected forest patches, are such classic evidence. Since pre-Vedic period, India has its legacy of harbouring numerous sacred groves almost in every part ofthe country especially in the Western Ghats , and North-East Himalayan region. These small fragmented forest patches are well known especially for sustaining rich biological heritage, entailing ecological history of the region and being a local biodiversity hotspot through in-situ conservation of both floral and faunal components especially the rare and endemic ones. Sacred groves also represent ideal community organization for functioning of many ecological processes providing valuable ecosystem services like soil and water conservation, nutrient cycling and many more. Tn India, various systems of traditional conservation practices have been reported as the country is known for its socio-cultural diversity. In the past few decades, the existence of sacred groves is being challenged through serious lhrcals like cncroachment, loss of belief in taboos and many modern developmental practices. It is the need of hour to protect these ecological heritage by adopting integrated sustainable management practices through communlity involvement and convergence of various schemes of different sectors.
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Franz, Martin, Martina Fuchs, and Sebastian Henn. "Othering practices toward new firm owners: empirical insights from South-North firm acquisitions in Germany." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie 62, no. 2 (May 25, 2018): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2017-0037.
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Abstract By dealing with the process of othering in the context of acquisitions, this paper seeks to expand the concept of othering to Economic Geography. It argues that multinational companies should not only be viewed as victims of othering in that they suffer from obstructive policies and hostile public opinion, but rather that othering also matters within such firms. As a consequence of the links they establish between different countries, employees in such companies are constantly confronted with various socio-cultural backgrounds and frequently develop rather different expectations of how their counterparts should perform. This contribution analyses how and why managers and works councils in Germany practice distancing or othering towards owners of German firms located in China and India. It shows that othering can be critical within foreign direct investments. We approach the issue of othering by focusing on the sense of superiority of the involved parties, their positions in the company organisation and their related professional ethics, as well as the dynamics of othering that are mobilised in critical situations. The analysis is based on qualitative interviews from two different research projects.
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Sharma, Neelima, Pooja Sharma, Neha Sharma, R. R. Wavare, Bishal Gautam, and Madan Sharma. "A cross sectional study of knowledge, attitude and practices of menstrual hygiene among medical students in north India." Journal of Phytopharmacology 2, no. 5 (October 25, 2013): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2013.2505.
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Menstruation and menstrual practices are associated with taboos and socio-cultural restrictions. Good hygienic practices such as the use of sanitary pads and adequate washing of genital area are essential during menstruation. Doctors are the main health care providers and thus, their knowledge helps in transforming the community practices. Aims and objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of menstrual hygiene among first year medical students in north India. Materials and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 50 girls of first year MBBS of Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore. A pre formed pretested questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed statistically by simple proportions. Result: Most of the girls (n=89, 50.56%) were in the age group of 18-20 years. Surprisingly, 32.38% (57) girls were ignorant about menstruation before menarche. Mean age of attaining menarche was 13 ranges were 9-17. We found that in 35.22% (n=62) of students, menstrual habits were inculcated by their mothers. 152 girls (86.36%) were using sanitary napkins as absorbent material during their menstrual cycle. 42% (73 girls) were doing vaginal wash daily. 57% (n=100) of girls were having regular menses. 82% (n=144) of girls were reported to experience premenstrual symptoms. 12% of girls were having knowledge of different types of myths about menstruation. 34% (n=59) of girls were forced to practice restrictions during menses.
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Gupta, Rajiv Kumar, Aruna Verma, Sunil K. Raina, Rashmi Kumari, Bhavna Langer, Chandni Gupta, and Najma Akhter. "Dietary beliefs among informal caregivers regarding common childhood diseases in rural north-west India." Indian Journal of Community Health 29, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2017.v29i03.010.
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Background: Dietary practices among infants and children are predictor of their growth and development. India being a huge of diverse cultures, diversity in beliefs and practices regarding diet during childhood illnesses is expected. Harmful beliefs and practices can contribute to malnutrition among children. These beliefs can have adverse consequences in already sick children. Aims and Objectives: To assess the dietary knowledge, beliefs and practices of rural care givers during childhood illnesses. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 271 rural informal (parent / family member) caregivers in one of the sub-health centres which was selected using simple random sampling technique. In the context of this study, the word informal care-giver was used for parent/family member of the child, preferably a mother with a child / children aged less than five years. The survey tool was an open ended and pretested questionnaire which was developed by public health expert’s familiar with the culture of the study setting and was pilot tested before administration. For the purpose of recruiting the study participants a house to house survey was conducted and the data thus collected was analyzed in percentages. Results: Informal Caregivers had low knowledge of common childhood illnesses as well as the reasons of their causation. Majority of them consulted a doctor in the event of child’s illness. 53.81% reduced feeding and 31.93% diluted diet during child’ illness but significantly 77.85% didn’t change breastfeeding practice during illness. As far as the beliefs regarding dietary practices were concerned, it found that egg, meat, chicken and jaggery were labelled hot foods while curd, butter milk and vegetables were labelled as cold foods. Rice water and khichadi were preferred in diarrhoea but spicy food and milk were restricted. Ginger and Tulsi tea were preferred in respiratory infections while ice-cream and curd / milk were withheld. Conclusion: Hot and cold beliefs regarding foods are firmly rooted in the study population, so dietary education has a key role to play but it has to be within socio-cultural milieu of the people. It is imperative to train medical and para-medical staff in nutrition curriculum to promote healthy eating habits in the population
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Asaturov, Sergey, and Andrei Martynov. "Trends in international relations in the Indo-Pacific region." ScienceRise: Juridical Science, no. 1(19) (March 31, 2022): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2022.254248.
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The global Indian and Pacific region is playing an increasing role in modern international relations. At the beginning of the XXI century, this region is a crossroads of different interests of great powers. The United States continues to play a leading role. The Pentagon introduced the concept of the Indo-Pacific region. From a military-strategic point of view, this concept is a symbol of American-Chinese competition. This process intensified under the Trump administration in 2017-2020. The Biden administration is consolidating regional democracies. Australia, India and Japan play a key role in this process. The European Union promotes the values and ideas of democracy in the Indo-Pacific region. China is an important trading partner of the EU. The intensification of the Sino-US confrontation in early 2022 has blocked the entry into force of the China-EU Free Trade and Investment Agreement. In early 2022, the United States, Great Britain and Australia announced the creation of a military alliance. India and Japan are concerned about China's growing military power. The Republic of Korea has a similar position. Hotspots of confrontation in the region are Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula, the disputed Spratly Islands. The Indo-Pakistani conflict around Kashmir destabilizes regional security. The Indo-Pacific region is an example of a complex multipolar system of international relations. This system is more risky in terms of security. The functioning of internal regional and interregional communication networks is complicated by military-technical, environmental, demographic, socio-cultural, interstate contradictions. The formation of a regional security system is limited by political problems. Post-modern democracies, such as Australia, India, Japan and the modernized Chinese autocracy and the North Korean Stalinist dictatorship, coexist in the Indo-Pacific region. The balance of interests is maintained by the United States and the European Union. This balance is volatile and unpredictable
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Ningegowda, M. K. "Temporal and spatial variation of literacy: A case study of Tumkur District." Geographical Analysis 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/bu.ga.v7i1.3.
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Literacy is considered as a fairly index of socio-Cultural and economic development of society / Population. Literacy is essential for eradicating poverty and mental isolation for cultivating peaceful and friendly relation at areas and area levels for permitting a free play of demographic process. Tumkur district is situated between 12°45’ and 14°20’ North latitudes and 76°20’ and 77°31’ East longitudes. The district has irregular shapes with peculiar features. The North Eastern part of the district is totally detached from the remaining part of the district. To know talukwise literacy in 2001 & 2011. To identify the change in literacy between 2001 & 2011. The methodology adopted to study the literacy characteristics of Tumkur districts with the help of secondary data collected from various departments of government. Simple statistical technology like diagrams, graphs and maps will be used to analyze the population aspects. However several maps will be prepared to show the location and physical aspects and various population characteristics of the study area with the help of GIS technology. Literacy of the district is characterised with sharp differences between the literacy rate of males & females and also rural & urban areas. Table represents the literacy level of population in India, Karnataka and Tumkur district according to 2001 and 2011 census. The total literacy level of India was 64.8% in 2001 and in 2011 it became 73.0% with the increase of 8.1%. Total male literacy was 75.3% in 2001 and 80.9% in 2011, which denotes a growth of 5.6%. Keywords Literacy, economic development, population
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Choudhury, Abhishek, Bijay Kumar Das, and Snehal Anshu. "Exploring Tourism Potential for Miao town of Changlang District in Arunachal Pradesh." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 1063–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49183.
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Abstract: Hill tourism has always been a part of the attraction because of its scenic beauty, better air quality and a favourable thermal environment. Although the north-eastern part of India has a plethora of tourist attractions, little has been done to explore the natural resources. Patkai,a range in the Himalayas, is home to a vast variety of wildlife and has a unique ecosystem that attracts nature lovers looking for exceptional experiences. In the setting of hill regions nestled in the Himalayas, the religious and socio-cultural components of the tourism resources are of equal importance to the many dazzling natural attractions and aesthetic beauty. Nature related activities and sports have transformed the hill recreation tour into an adventure tour. Mountaineering and adventure tourism alone generate significant revenue from tourism. The unrelenting influx of tourists to these hubs has upset the traditional demand and supply balance due to a lack of forethought. Acute problems with land use, environmental pollution and deterioration, demand on infrastructure, transport, and services. Arunachal Pradesh state lies in Eastern India and has a mountainous terrain with rich flora and fauna. Changlang district lies in south-eastern part of Arunachal Pradesh. A better planning and systematic regulation can improve the tourism and tourism management both.
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Faujdar, D. S., Neha Dahiya, and Har Ashish Jindal. "Tracking of antenatal services and outcomes using community health information system in a slum population of North India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 4257. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194151.
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Background: Despite of improvement of public health service, the reach of these services has remained low in urban slums due to various socio cultural and environmental factors.Methods: An information and communication technology (ICT) based community health information system was installed in a urban primary health centre catering to urban slum populations in North India. The system was used to track all the antenatal cases registered over a period of one and half years for antenatal services, risk factors and antenatal outcome. The system allowed for tracking of antenatal cases for antenatal care (ANC) visits, investigations, high risk factors, delivery and perinatal care. Real-time monitoring of antenatal cases was made possible through dynamic dashboard with indicators.Results: Among 614 women tracked for ANC and outcome, majority were below 30 years of age (78.3%), belonged to lower caste (85.7%) and many were illiterate (42.8%). Out of all antenatal cases 68% got registered in 1st trimester and only 47% completed 4 ANC visit. Majority delivered in government hospitals (95.4%) with 22.8% delivered through caesarean section. Illiteracy was found to have significant association with higher gravida (>2) (p<0.001). The high risk factors were present in 29.5% of antenatal cases and it was found to be significantly associated with increasing age (p=0.02) and preterm deliveries (p<0.001). Twin pregnancy was also found to be significantly associated with increasing age (p<0.001).Conclusions: An ICT based community health information system can be an effective tool for real-time monitoring of health services, identifying the gaps and tracking of antennal cases especially in difficult to reach slum population.
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Saikia, Baburam. "Marginalisation, Revolt and Adaptation: on Changing the Mayamara Tradition." Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jef-2021-0006.
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Abstract Assam is a land of complex history and folklore situated in North East India where religious beliefs, both institutional and vernacular, are part and parcel of lived folk cultures. Amid the domination and growth of Goddess worshiping cults (sakta) in Assam, the sattra unit of religious and socio-cultural institutions came into being as a result of the neo-Vaishnava movement led by Sankaradeva (1449–1568) and his chief disciple Madhavadeva (1489–1596). Kalasamhati is one among the four basic religious sects of the sattras, spread mainly among the subdued communities in Assam. Mayamara could be considered a subsect under Kalasamhati. Aniruddhadeva (1553–1626) preached the Mayamara doctrine among his devotees on the north bank of the Brahmaputra river. Later his inclusive religious behaviour and magical skill influenced many locals to convert to the Mayamara faith. Ritualistic features are a very significant part of Mayamara devotee’s lives. Among the locals there are some narrative variations and disputes about stories and terminologies of the tradition. Adaptations of religious elements in their faith from Indigenous sources have led to the question of their recognition in the mainstream neo-Vaishnava order. In the context of Mayamara tradition, the connection between folklore and history is very much intertwined. Therefore, this paper focuses on marginalisation, revolt in the community and narrative interpretation on the basis of folkloristic and historical groundings. The discussion will reflect upon the beliefs, ritualistic aspects, and myths of the tradition. Fieldwork materials will be employed to discuss the tension between local practices and mainstream neo-Vaishnava influence.
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Isaacson, Michal, Ashwin Tripathi, Tannistha Samanta, Lisa D’Ambrosio, and Joseph Coughlin. "Giving Voice to the Environment as the Silent Partner in Aging: Examining the Moderating Roles of Gender and Family Structure in Older Adult Wellbeing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 4373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124373.
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Gerontological scholarship has long seen the environment to be a silent partner in aging. Environmental Gerontology, an established approach in Social Gerontology, has shown how the everyday lives of older adults are deeply entangled in socio-spatial environments. Adopting an Environmental Gerontology approach, we explore social and cultural dimensions of the association between out-of-home mobility and wellbeing among older adults in a north western city of India. This was established by combining high resolution time-space data collected using GPS receivers, questionnaire data and time diaries. Following a multi-staged analytical strategy, we first examine the correlation between out-of-home mobility and wellbeing using bivariate correlation. Second, we introduce gender and family structure into regression models as moderating variables to improve the models’ explanatory power. Finally, we use our results to reinterpret the Ecological Press Model of Aging to include familial structure as a factor that moderates environmental stress. Findings emphasize the central role that social constructs play in the long-established relationship between the environment and the wellbeing of older adults.
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Japang, Auswyn Winter. "Lore and the Process of Tradition." Ethnographica et Folkloristica Carpathica, no. 23 (October 11, 2021): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.47516/ethnographica/23/2021/9223.
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Since the earliest times, the villages of Nongjri and Sohbar, located in the Southern Khasi Hills of North-Eastern India, have had their own religious ceremonies, customs, ways of behaving and beliefs that they share in their practice and narration. Their beliefs in certain village deities are linked with the well-being of the entire village, and are said to have existed from the time these villages were established. In the beliefs of the inhabitants of Nongjri and the village of Sohbar, the deities, manifest themselves in various performances and folksongs, and therefore, have become part of the performance itself. Deities, often in the form of human beings, engage in conversation with the villagers. Folklore also tells us that during festivities the approval of the celebrations by village deities becomes the key aspect to foretell the particular nature of the coming year. The lore gathered from the places considered for this study would provide us with a new perspective on belief narratives existing in the Khasi community, while continually locating the position of lore and various processes of tradition in the socio-cultural and religious milieu of both Nongjri and Sohbar. The narratives explored in this paper will also provide – in the Khasi cultural context – the essence of War-Khasi beliefs and rituals that have remained largely undocumented.
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De, Utpal Kumar, and Vitsosie Vupru. "Location and neighbourhood conditions for housing choice and its rental value." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 10, no. 4 (August 7, 2017): 519–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-10-2016-0072.
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Purpose The purpose of the study is to understand the relative impacts of structural characteristics of house, its locational attributes and neighbourhood characteristics on the choice of house and the rent paid by the individual tenants. The micro level study helps in understanding the issues of urban housing and help in policy formulation. Design/methodology/approach This paper tried to identify the socio-economic, locational and neighbourhood factors that influence tenant households in determining their residential choices in an urban area of North-east India. Also, the extent of impacts of those characteristics on the monthly rent for housing is analysed. The analysis is based on the primary data collected from the sample residents of Dimapur Town in Nagaland. The sample units are selected by cluster sampling technique from all the wards. Regression technique is used under hedonic pricing technique to examine the impacts of various potential factors on the rent. Findings The analysis reveals that family size, income, education of the head of family, water availability, security, convenience to access workplace, road conditions, etc. have significant positive impacts on the monthly rent. However, the impacts of some locational and neighbourhood variables vary across social and economic groups. Research limitations/implications Time series data on the growth of house price are not available, so that the authors could examine the escalation of house price and rising scarcity of houses in the selected town. Practical implications Rental housing accounts for a significant percentage of housing in many urban centres. It is particularly important for the migrants and urban poor for whom it is the only source of accommodation. Location choice depending on capability, availability, requirement and neighbourhood conditions are integral parts of selection of accommodation in a city. Hence the present study has its relevant practical implications. Social implications Housing choice in a hilly urban area like Dimapur assumes a special significance for the presence of heterogeneous ethnic, social and cultural groups with majority of Tribal inhabitants with varied requirements and lifestyle. Originality/value No study on housing choice or pricing of residential accommodation has been done in North-East India. Here along with the socio-economic characteristics of the individuals, structural characteristics of house, neighbourhood and locational characteristics are used simultaneously to find out the impact of various factors on the total prices through hedonic pricing method.
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Chelladurai, Chelsia, Avinash Keisam, and Jangkholun Touthang. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Planning Methods among Women of Reproductive Age Group attending Primary Health Centres in North-East India." Healthline 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51957/healthline_300_2021.
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Introduction: Warranting access to modern family planning methods constitutes a basic human right and globally around 270 million women of reproductive age group have an unmet need for contraception. The study objective was to estimate the knowledge, misconceptions and practices related to family planning methods among women of reproductive age group attending primary health centre. Method: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in four health centers from January to February 2019 among women of reproductive age group (15-49 years). Data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practices pertaining to family planning methods were collected using a pre-tested interview schedule. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses like mean, proportions, Chi-square and Multivariable logistic regression were conducted. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study 348 women were enrolled, of which 39.4% had adequate knowledge regarding family planning methods. Most participants had a healthy attitude towards the use of family planning methods and considered them beneficial whereas 59% stated their religious faith and cultural beliefs restricted the use of contraceptives. Unmet need of contraceptives was 60.2% while 39.8% used any one of the modern contraceptive methods. Lower age (AOR-1.26), Primi-parous (AOR-2.76) and women having a lower monthly income (AOR-2.51) were more likely to have an unmet need of contraception. Conclusion: Despite easy accessibility and low cost of the contraceptives, their use was limited. The high proportion of unmet needs mandates the scaling up of activities to increase the awareness regarding modern contraceptives. Additionally, behavioral change communication strategies are in great need for implementation to counter the negative attitudes pertaining to family planning practices.
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Samanta, Aditi, Joyeeta Thakur, and Monali Goswami. "Menstrual characteristics and its association with socio-demographic factors and nutritional status: a study among the urban slum adolescent girls of West Bengal, India." Anthropological Review 82, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2019-0008.
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Abstract Menstrual health is one of the major areas of concern in reproductive health, and affects a large number of women throughout their reproductive life from adolescence. Menstruation is a biological phenomenon imbued with social-cultural, nutritional and personal significance. The present study aims to focus on the menstrual characteristics and its association with socio-demographic factors and nutritional status among the urban slum adolescent girls of North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. This community-based study was conducted among a group of 90 Bengali speaking Hindu adolescent girls aged between 16 to 18 years. A pre-tested structured schedule was used to collect detailed information about the socio-economic conditions and menstrual characteristics. All anthropometric measurements were taken using the standard procedures. Results of the study revealed that underweight girls attained menarche comparatively in later age (12.67±1.23) than that of healthy and overweight girls. Mean length of the menstrual cycle, mean duration of menstrual bleeding and mean number of days of peak discharge were maximum among the girls whose BMI was below 5th percentile, i.e. underweight. Majority of the underweight (75%) and healthy (50%) girls experienced heavy discharge during their menstrual days. Disorders like premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (78.8%) and dysmenorrhea (85.5%) were the major prevalent menstrual problems among these girls and occurrence of the symptoms of these disorders significantly varied based on their BMI. A highly significant difference (p<0.01) was found among underweight, healthy and overweight girls in terms of duration of menstrual bleeding, mean number of days of peak discharge and occurrences of PMS. Result of linear regression and step wise logistic regression (backward elimination) shows that various socio-economic and anthropometric variables are the influential predictors of menstrual characteristics like duration of menstrual discharge, cycle length, days of peak discharge as well as menstrual problems like cycle irregularity and heavy flow (p<0.05). Therefore, the present study unwraps a podium to focus on the menstrual health issues of the adolescent girls and enforce health education as well as instigates nutritional intervention programme to fortify the existing menstrual health status.