Journal articles on the topic 'Societies of Friends'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Societies of Friends.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Societies of Friends.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bryant, Gregory A., Daniel M. T. Fessler, Riccardo Fusaroli, Edward Clint, Lene Aarøe, Coren L. Apicella, Michael Bang Petersen, et al. "Detecting affiliation in colaughter across 24 societies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 17 (April 11, 2016): 4682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524993113.
Full textAbstract:
Laughter is a nonverbal vocal expression that often communicates positive affect and cooperative intent in humans. Temporally coincident laughter occurring within groups is a potentially rich cue of affiliation to overhearers. We examined listeners’ judgments of affiliation based on brief, decontextualized instances of colaughter between either established friends or recently acquainted strangers. In a sample of 966 participants from 24 societies, people reliably distinguished friends from strangers with an accuracy of 53–67%. Acoustic analyses of the individual laughter segments revealed that, across cultures, listeners’ judgments were consistently predicted by voicing dynamics, suggesting perceptual sensitivity to emotionally triggered spontaneous production. Colaughter affords rapid and accurate appraisals of affiliation that transcend cultural and linguistic boundaries, and may constitute a universal means of signaling cooperative relationships.
2
Edwards, Griffith. "National Scientific Societies: what are our friends and neighbours doing?" Addiction 96, no. 9 (September 2001): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.96912392.x.
Full text
3
Lüders, Marika. "Becoming more Like Friends." Nordicom Review 30, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0147.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Mediated interaction plays a significant role in the social life of adolescents in Norway. The purpose of the present article is to examine the qualities of mediated interaction and the integration of mediated and immediate social spheres, suggesting that the ability to juggle between online and offline social spheres has become a characteristic element of social competence in network societies. More specifically, the analysis looks at the use of personal media for maintaining and developing existing social relationships and for extending social networks. Qualitative interviews with 20 Norwegian adolescents constitute the empirical base. The analysis explains how interaction takes on mundane forms, confirming the value of social relationships between in-person meetings. Moreover, it is argued that mediated communication differs from face-to-face communication, not by being less meaningful, but by enabling other forms of disclosing practices. Mediated forms of communication, hence, have an influence on the character of social ties and networks.
4
Lynn, Shane. "Friends of Ireland: early O’Connellism in Lower Canada." Irish Historical Studies 40, no. 157 (May 2016): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2016.6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn September 1828, societies of the ‘Friends of Ireland’ were founded throughout the United States and British North America for the purpose of raising funds and disseminating propaganda in support of the O’Connellite campaign for Catholic emancipation. In March 1831, the societies were briefly revived to agitate for repeal of the Union. The first Irish diasporic social movement to appear in Britain’s overseas empire, the British North American Friends of Ireland enjoyed greatest support in French-speaking Lower Canada, where for a time sympathetic local patriotes perceived a common cause with their new Irish neighbours. This article explores the transatlantic reciprocal interactions, cross-ethnic alliances and regional distinctions which characterised early O’Connellism in Lower Canada. It follows its initial successes to its virtual collapse in the early 1830s, as an increasingly polarised Lower Canada slid towards rebellion. Comparisons are employed with similar agitation elsewhere in British North America, in the United States, and in Ireland. It is argued that instrumentalist explanations for Irish diasporic nationalism, typically drawn from studies of post-famine Irish-America, do not convincingly account for the appearance and form of O’Connellite nationalism in British North America.
5
Bowker, Julie C., Jamie M. Ostrov, and Radhi Raja. "Relational and overt aggression in urban India." International Journal of Behavioral Development 36, no. 2 (December 15, 2011): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025411426019.
Full textAbstract:
This study explored the associations between relational and overt aggression and social status, and tested whether the peer correlates of aggression vary as a function of best friends’ aggression during early adolescence in urban India. One hundred and ninety-four young adolescents from primarily middle-to-upper-class families in Surat, India participated. Analyses revealed unique associations between both forms of aggression and perceived popularity, and between relational aggression and social preference. The consideration of best friend aggression (and in one case, gender) explained some variability in the associations between both forms of aggression and the peer correlates, suggesting that the consideration of best friends’ aggression, particularly in complex and changing non-Western societies such as India, may lead to new insight into why not all aggressive adolescents are disliked and popular.
6
Heinrich, Henriette, Iago Rodríguez-Lago, Radislav Nakov, Vita Skuja, Pilar Acedo, Ulrich Nitsche, Ivana Mikolasevic, et al. "Young GI Societies in Europe: 2019 update." United European Gastroenterology Journal 8, no. 2 (March 2020): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050640620906771.
Full textAbstract:
Background One of the aims of the Young Talent Group (YTG) is to make United European Gastroenterology (UEG) more attractive to young fellows interested in gastroenterology (GI), and to actively involve them in UEG activities and the activities of their respective national societies. In 2017, we conducted a survey among the Friends of the UEG YTG with the aim of identifying the state of organization and needs of Young GI Sections (YGISs) throughout Europe, highlighting areas for further development and improvement. Aims The aim of the current web-based survey was to assess the progress of YGISs over 1 year, and persisting hurdles in forming and running a YGIS. Results Overall, 38 of 42 Friends answered the survey (91%). The number of YGISs has increased significantly from 12 in 2017 to 25 in 2019. Young gastroenterologists remained supported, but not influenced, by national societies. Results of the survey suggest that a lack of dedicated and motivated fellows has replaced a lack of funding as the most prevalent hurdle in forming these types of sections. Conclusion Our survey shows that the development of YGISs has improved markedly within the last 2 years. However, several limitations, like underrepresentation in subcommittees of national societies, remain and need to be addressed in order to involve young gastroenterologists in their respective national societies and within UEG, to pave the way for future research, education and excellent quality of care, and reduce health inequalities across Europe.
7
Menzies, J. L., and R. Baron. "International postgraduate student transition experiences: the importance of student societies and friends." Innovations in Education and Teaching International 51, no. 1 (March 15, 2013): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2013.771972.
Full text
8
Kogan, Irena, Teo Matković, and Michael Gebel. "Helpful friends? Personal contacts and job entry among youths in transformation societies." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 54, no. 4 (August 2013): 277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715213509256.
Full text
9
Cantó-Milà, Natàlia, and Swen Seebach. "Ana's Friends. Friendship in Online Pro-Ana Communities." Sociological Research Online 16, no. 1 (February 2011): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2267.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this article is to analyse the social relationships within online communities of anorectics, their bonds, their emotions and friendships, and their subsequent relation to anorexia nervosa. The research has focused on their blogs and their forums, which create a space in which they share their experiences, and sometimes encourage each other not to give up on their eating disorder – which they view as an illness, but an illness that has become their lifestyle, and their attitude towards life. Within the article an analysis of the special bonds of friendship that tie the members of the online community together will be presented. Special attention will be paid to the similarities between secret societies and friendship bonds within pro-ana communities.
10
Morrison, Philip. "Three Cosmolgical Remarks." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 168 (1996): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900110289.
Full textAbstract:
In traditional societies the remarks of seniors were prized, for their memories often spanned events rare enough to have remained unseen by most yet frequent enough to offer eventual challenges to all. Even here among friends who are self-styled cosmological “old radicals”, I think I am the senior.
11
Sapsford, Roger, and Pamela Abbott. "Trust, confidence and social environment in post-communist societies." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 39, no. 1 (February 3, 2006): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2005.12.003.
Full textAbstract:
This paper looks at trust and confidence in people and institutions in eight of the countries that have undergone transformation since the breakup of the Soviet Union. While the questions are not identical to those asked in previous research in post-Soviet societies, our findings are comparable—greatest trust in relatives and friends, less in people in general and least in politicians and institutions of social control. Levels of trust are not high, and there are interesting differences between the countries, giving support to the view that trust and confidence are eroded by sudden and dramatic negatively perceived change.
12
Lindauer, Matthew. "In Defense of a Category-Based System for Unification Admissions." Journal of Moral Philosophy 15, no. 5 (October 11, 2018): 572–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455243-20180005.
Full textAbstract:
Liberal societies typically prefer relatives and spouses of their members over other prospective immigrants seeking admission. Giving this preferential treatment to only certain categories of relationships requires justification. In this paper, I provide a defense of a category-based system for “unification admissions,” non-members seeking admission for the purpose of living in the same society with members on a stable basis, that is compatible with liberalism and, in particular, does not violate the requirement of liberal neutrality. This defense does not commit liberal theorists to the traditional state sovereignty view on immigration, according to which societies have wide latitude to exclude immigrants as they see fit, and shows that, contra Ferracioli, societies are not required to treat relatives, spouses, friends, and creative partners of their members on a par in matters of immigration policy.
13
Byman, Daniel L. "Friends Like These: Counterinsurgency and the War on Terrorism." International Security 31, no. 2 (October 2006): 79–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2006.31.2.79.
Full textAbstract:
U.S. allies that are fighting al-Qaida-linked insurgencies often suffer illegitimate regimes, civil-military tension manifested by fears of a coup, economic backwardness, and discriminatory societies. These problems, coupled with allies' divergent interests, serve to weaken allied military and security forces tactically, operationally, and strategically. The ability of the United States to change its allies' behavior is limited, despite the tremendous difficulties these problems create, because relying on allied forces is a key component of U.S. strategy in the war on terrorism and the U.S. goal of handing off security to Iraqi military forces. To reduce the effects of allies' weaknesses, the United States should try to increase its intelligence on allied security forces and at times act more like a third party to a conflict. In addition, Washington must have realistic expectations of what training and other efforts can accomplish.
14
Rossi, Ugo. "Fake friends: The illusionist revision of Western urbanology at the time of platform capitalism." Urban Studies 57, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 1105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018821581.
Full textAbstract:
It is generally assumed that the so-called populist explosion that has swept across liberal democracies since 2016 has led to a crisis of neoliberal reason in its original formulation. Owing to the close relationship between cities and neoliberalism, the crisis of neoliberal rationality has significantly impacted what is defined here ‘Western urbanology’. This definition brings together influential apologists of the urban age and its entrepreneurialist potential, starting with Richard Florida and Edward Glaeser. In recent times, these authors have started revisiting their conceptions and related policy proposals, in response to the growing sense of dissatisfaction with mainstream theorisations of economic development that has been associated with the populist explosion of 2016. However, this article shows how their revisions are minimal, and fundamentally illusory, as these authors have glossed over the very foundations of capitalist societies, drawing a veil over the issue of economic-value creation within contemporary platform urbanism. After having critically assessed the trajectory of Western urbanology, the article concludes by arguing that a substantial revision of the role of contemporary urbanism in economic development processes would require interrogating the creation and capture of economic value in today’s capitalist societies.
15
Bahagia, Bahagia, Rimun Wibowo, Fachruddin Majeri Mangunjaya, Eka Paradila, Nur Afiyah Sulistiyanti, Muhammad Aqil Ibatulloh, Mahesa Rana Kharisma, Muhammad Asyrul Addha, and Siti Syafatul Rahmah. "Nyorog Tradition Value in Betawi Societies." EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN 4, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i1.1006.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to identify the Islamic religious values contained in the Betawi tradition, namely the Nyorog tradition. The nyorog tradition is a tradition that delivers food between family and neighbors which is usually carried out by Betawi residents at the time of Eid al-Fitr. This research uses qualitative research. The research approach used is Ethnographic Field research. The sample collection technique in this study used the purposive sampling technique. The results of the study show that Nyorog is a tradition in Betawi society that still survives despite experiencing many forms of change. Another finding is that there are social values in the nyorog tradition including the value of friendship between friends because it is a place to build social relationships. Family relationships are also built socially between young people and older people. In addition, nyoroh also contains the value of social assistance because nyorog makes the community close so that if there is a disaster in the family, the family and neighbors will help. There is even a value of social approach to nyorog where when there is a new bride, both parties visit each family from the female and male sides. Nyorog also contains religious values, especially Islam because the behavior in Nyorog activities is in accordance with Islamic teachings.
16
Leszczensky, Lars, and Sebastian Pink. "Are Birds of a Feather Praying Together? Assessing Friends’ Influence on Muslim Youths’ Religiosity in Germany." Social Psychology Quarterly 83, no. 3 (August 12, 2020): 251–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272520936633.
Full textAbstract:
Muslim religiosity is often portrayed as a barrier to integration into secular societies, especially in Europe. Scholars suggest that religiously segregated networks reinforce Muslims’ religiosity and religious identification, but solid evidence is scarce. Based on longitudinal German data, we examined whether friendship networks influence Muslim youths’ religiosity. Using stochastic actor-oriented models, we also assessed whether religiosity in turn relates to friendship choices. We found that higher shares of Muslim friends neither increase Muslim youths’ religious identification nor their frequency of prayer, but they are associated with more frequent mosque attendance. Furthermore, Muslim youths assimilated their Muslim friends’ mosque attendance and frequency of prayer. Friends’ actual religious practices, rather than shared group membership, thus seems to shape individual religiosity. Finally, religiosity does not hamper interreligious friendships; it was unrelated to friendship choices. Results are similar for Christian youths, suggesting that these patterns are not unique to Muslims.
17
Offer, Shira, and Libby Bear. "Testing the social exclusivity of marriage thesis in the context of high familism: do social involvement and support vary by marital status in Israel?" Families, Relationships and Societies 9, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204674319x15647594167478.
Full textAbstract:
Studies have suggested that in individualistic societies, marriage constitutes an exclusive institution associated with reduced social involvement. This article tests this claim in a society that has experienced increased individualisation but has nevertheless remained highly familial. Analyses based on data from the Israel Social Survey show that married respondents were less involved with friends but more involved with family than their single counterparts. Results further revealed important differences by gender and between Jews and Israeli-Palestinians. No difference by marital status in involvement with kin was found for Israeli-Palestinian women, who also reported the lowest level of involvement with friends. The difference in involvement with friends was more pronounced among Israeli-Palestinians than Jews. Overall, findings indicate that Israeli society provides an interesting case that deviates from both the individualistic and collectivist models. Consistent with the new institutional approach to marriage, this article highlights the limitations of the exclusivity of marriage thesis.
18
Luck, Tobias, Melanie Luppa, and Steffi G. Riedel-Heller. "Epidemiology of dementia – A current overview." Public Health Forum 20, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phf.2012.06.018.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryDementia is common and one of the most burdensome diseases for sufferers and their relatives; it is also one of the biggest challenges for the healthcare systems of aging societies. Professional nursing care and informal care by family or friends constitute the most significant cost components of dementia. In the absence of effective therapeutic options, a healthy lifestyle might be the best option to reduce the individual risk of developing dementia.
19
Török, Zsuzsanna. "The Friends of Progress: Learned Societies and the Public Sphere in the Transylvanian Reform Era." Austrian History Yearbook 36 (January 2005): 94–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800004859.
Full textAbstract:
This essay addresses the political roleof nationally defined scholarship in multiethnic milieus. The focus is on Transylvania, one of the marginal provinces of the Habsburg Empire without stable, state-funded institutions of higher learning and research. The time frame is the Hungarian Vormärz, known as the Reform Era, which extended from the 1830s until the revolution of 1848 and was a pivotal moment in the maturation of the national perspective in scholarship and politics, challenging the traditional order of the composite monarchy. The liberal and national impetus of the period was manifest in the foundation of numerous regional voluntary associations intended to serve the public good, and further education, scholarship, and “national improvement.”
20
Mohsen Shamma, Fathi, and Michael Katz. "Decision Making during Adolescence: A Comparison of Jewish and Druze Societies." International Journal of Psychological Studies 10, no. 4 (November 8, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v10n4p65.
Full textAbstract:
This research compares decision-making between Jewish adolescents and Druze adolescents as it relates to level of autonomy, parents’ involvement and the involvement of peers. This is a pioneering research, which tests existing differences between Jewish and Druze adolescents with regards to the factors influencing their decisions.
243 subjects aged 15-18 participated in this research. Of these subjects 124 were Jews and 119 were Druze; about half of both groups were boys and half were girls. Each subject filled out a self-report questionnaire that was particularly designed with the factors mentioned above in mind and for this research.
Although no differences were found between Jewish and Druze adolescents in total degree of autonomy or in parents’ and friends’ involvement in decision-making, the findings partially confirmed research hypotheses.
21
KAMO, YOSHINORI, and MAKIKO HORI. "A Multi-level Analysis of Thirty-two Societies on Marital and Family Satisfaction." Japanese Journal of Political Science 12, no. 3 (November 2, 2011): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109911000144.
Full textAbstract:
When we examine the quality of life for each individual, several specific dimensions need to be considered. Health conditions and quality of family relationships are critical. When the individual in question is married, his/her marital quality is important. When he/she has a job, subjective assessment of that job is important. Social relationships regarding friends, neighbors, colleagues, relatives, etc. may be critical also. Although the quality of life is more than the sum of qualities of these specific areas of one's life, it is still determined to a great extent by the qualities of these sub-areas, including marital and family relationships (Proulxet al., 2007).
22
Gunarta, I. Ketut. "PERAN KELUARGA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDIDIKAN SPIRITUAL ANAK." Jurnal Penjaminan Mutu 2, no. 1 (February 13, 2016): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jpm.v2i1.64.
Full textAbstract:
<p><em>Family is the place in which the individuals are conditioned and prepared for the roles in the societies. Parents should do the preparation, preservation, direction, and be responsible for the spiritual and physical education and development of the children. They are also the motivators, advisors, as well as the friends of the children. Based on the roles the preservation of the cultural values and institutions is obtained in the societies.</em><em> In educating the children informally, parents should play the roles in creating the harmony of the family, society, and with the God, through the practise of praying. </em><em>The education can be done by: a) setting the good models to the children, b) emphasizing the importance of education, and c) controlling the children’s behaviors and habits. </em></p>
23
Hass, Jeffrey K., and Tony Walter. "Parental Grief in Three Societies: Networks and Religion as Social Supports in Mourning." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 54, no. 3 (May 2007): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/023p-2j03-8511-561r.
Full textAbstract:
How do people respond to the grief of parents over the death of their infant child? This article documents the experience of one of the authors, an American married to a Russian whose child died in England. Responses to this death by friends, colleagues and family in the USA, England, and two cities in Russia varied considerably in terms of depth and degree of engagement (emotional engagement, respect, or distance and avoidance). What factors underlie these varied responses? Two are identified, one structural, the other cultural: the strength of the social ties within social networks, and religiosity as historically sedimented within a culture. The degree of engagement is correlated with network form; but the content of engagement depends on religiosity.
24
Lardiés-Bosque, Raúl. "Residential mobility, second homes and quality of life: Consequences of moving out from the city of Madrid." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 37, no. 37 (September 26, 2017): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2017-0024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Residential mobility and migration of retired people is an emerging issue in western societies. Moreover, the Quality of Life (QoL) of old people has become a challenge in our societies, of great interest for researchers and planners. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated how mobility and/or migration help improve QoL. This paper aims to determine the influence of retired people’s residential mobility on the different dimensions of their life. Factors driving residential mobility in this population group are analysed, as well as the sociodemographic characteristics of this group, family, friends and social contacts, and environmental conditions, before and after moving. The methodology used is qualitative and the results have been obtained from 29 in-depth interviews with aged people who have moved from the city of Madrid to other places in Spain. The consequences of the moves are analysed in terms of how the different dimensions of their QoL and their well-being are affected.
25
Choi, Ben. "Multiagent Social Computing." International Journal of Web Portals 3, no. 4 (October 2011): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jwp.2011100105.
Full textAbstract:
This article provides a framework for extending social networks to social computing. When people join social networks, such as Facebook and discussion groups, their personal computers can also join the social networks. This framework facilitates sharing of computing resources among friends and groups. Computers of friends and groups act autonomously to help each other perform various tasks. The framework combines many key technologies, including intelligent agents, multi-agent system, object space, and parallel and distributed computing, into a new computing platform, which has been successfully implemented and tested. With this framework, any person will have access to not only the computing power of his or her own personal computer but also the vast computing power of a community of computers. The collective capabilities of humans and computers working in communities will create complementary capabilities of computing to achieve behaviors that transcend those of people and computers in isolation. The future of computing is moving from personal computers to societies of computers.
26
Alhassni, Nouf Awdh, Lama Saeed Rafie, Majdah Eid Alharbi, Yara Yaser Janbi, Elham Al Nagshabandi, and Asmaa Hamdi Khalil. "Factors affecting psychological adjustment of oncology patients at different cancer welfare societies in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 12, no. 12 (July 25, 2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v12n12p20.
Full textAbstract:
Background and objective: Cancer induces more psychological pressure than any other illness in humans, and produces various physical, psychological, social, economic, and family issues. There are many factors associated with adjustment in cancer patients. Various cancer therapies can complicate and affect patient’s adjustment to the disease. Study aim: To assess factors affecting psychological disease adjustment of oncology patients at different cancer societies in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A quantitative cross sectional correlational research design was utilized to conducted the study among cancer patients at different cancer welfare societies in regions of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Two electronic questionnaires were used to collect data including Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) Scale, and Factors affecting patient’s adjustment to cancer disease questionnaire. Data were tabulated in MS Excel and all data analyses were carried out using SPSS version 26.Results: 374 cancer patients most common age group from them was 18-29 years old (31.3%) with more than a half were females (53.2%) and nearly all (89.6%) were Saudis. In terms of mental adjustment, female gender and low income had a negative impact on worried preoccupation, whereas regular exercise, listening to music, having a family history of cancer, and having friends with cancer had a beneficial impact. Non-Saudis had a higher fighting spirit than Saudis, while those with a decent income and regular exercise had a lower fighting spirit. Fatalism also had a strong impact on patients who were less educated or had a family history of cancer.Conclusions: The overall mental adjustment of cancer patients had been affected by the regular exercise and similar illness among their friends but non-Saudis demonstrated better coping strategies than Saudi patients. The researchers recommend that health care providers encourage the patient to express feeling and to perform regular exercise to decrease the level of anxiety and enhance mood.
27
Ungruhe, Christian. "Symbols of success: Youth, peer pressure and the role of adulthood among juvenile male return migrants in Ghana." Childhood 17, no. 2 (May 2010): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568210365753.
Full textAbstract:
Independent youth migration is socially embedded in many African societies. While it is often exclusively perceived of as a process of intergenerational negotiation which leads to higher social positions after returning home, this article points out that peer influences play a major role in the process of decision-making of leaving and returning among young northern Ghanaian males. Juvenile migrants make little effort to generate means to enter into adulthood but struggle to return with modern goods. Rather than being a means of achieving adulthood, enjoying youth and gaining recognition among friends are the prevailing motives for going and returning.
28
MAUDLIN, DANIEL. "The urban inn: gathering space, hierarchy and material culture in the eighteenth-century British town." Urban History 46, no. 04 (January 4, 2019): 617–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926818000597.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT:This article locates the ‘principal inn’ within the physical and cultural space of the eighteenth-century British town. The principal inn was the all-purpose venue for the sociable activities of polite society: from dining, drinking and conversing with friends to business deals, meetings of club and societies, legal proceedings, military musters, civic and religious proceedings. Through their central location, carefully designed interior spaces and refined material culture of furniture, fixtures and fittings, principal inns were key sites in the elite control of urban space, the enforcement of social hierarchies and the reinforcement of social values.
29
De Souza Briggs, Xavier. "“Some of My Best Friends Are …”: Interracial Friendships, Class, and Segregation in America†." City & Community 6, no. 4 (December 2007): 263–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2007.00228.x.
Full textAbstract:
Ties among persons of different backgrounds, when such ties act as social bridges, play a vital role in diverse societies—expanding identities, opening insular communities of interest, containing intergroup conflicts, and reducing inequalities. Using a phone survey of 29 city–regions matched with census data, this study analyzes predictors of interracial friendships for Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics, with single– and multilevel path models. Results underscore the social significance of the workplace and of civic involvement. Those who report ties to other races tend to be “joiners,” in the broad sense: Involvement in nonreligious groups, socializing with coworkers, and having more friends are robust predictors for all racial groups. These are strongly associated with each other and with higher socioeconomic status, highlighting a powerful class dimension to accessing intergroup ties. But macro–level opportunity for contact (metro–level racial makeup) dominates the variation in friendship exposure patterns for Whites, whereas associations and other “substructures” are more predictive for minorities. Consistent with immigrant assimilation theory, among minorities, sharing neighborhoods with Whites remains an important—and apparently unique—social marker for the personal relationships of Blacks.
30
Page, Scott E. "Are We Collapsing? A Review of Jared Diamond’s Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed." Journal of Economic Literature 43, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 1049–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/002205105775362032.
Full textAbstract:
Jared Diamond’s Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (Viking Penguin, 2005), tells the dramatic decline of past civilizations—the Easter Islanders, the Anasazi in the Southwestern United States, the Mayans in Central America, the Norse Vinland settlement in Greenland. These civilizations did not slowly fall apart; they suffered drastic reductions in population and productivity. In Diamond's account, their collapses result from mismanaged resources, lost friends, gained enemies, climate changes, and most tellingly, their cultures and beliefs. Diamond provides captivating histories and an engaging explanation of the sciences required to piece those histories together, but his logic and his prescriptions would benefit from greater familiarity with some basic principles of economics and a richer understanding of human nature.
31
Szot, Leon, Kamil Kardis, Gabriel Pala, and Ulbossyn Aimbetova. "Cancer as a disease of civilization in the sociological concepts of suffering, emotion and affect." XLinguae 14, no. 3 (June 2021): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.03.09.
Full textAbstract:
The authors undertake a thorough analysis of the sociological concepts of suffering, emotion, and affect in the context of cancer as a disease of civilization. To that end, firstly, they explore the social logic of care and the gift in order to embark on the n. of the social relation between a designation of cancer as a disease of civilization and the development of modern societies. The authors examine the place and perception of cancer-affected persons and groups in societies of today. Subsequently, they analyze the sociological concepts of suffering, emotion, and affect while exploring a wide range of n.s related, among others, to the sociology of health, including in reference to particular situations of persons affected by cancer. In addition, the authors examine the significance of informal caregivers and the popularity of end-life care institutions for cancer patients. The authors also analyze emotions felt by cancer-affected persons as well as the role of groups and internet forums which gather cancer-affected persons, their closest friends and families
32
Bassett, David R. "Physical activity of Canadian and American children: a focus on youth in Amish, Mennonite, and modern cultures." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, no. 4 (August 2008): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h08-044.
Full textAbstract:
Childhood obesity is an urgent public health problem in North America and throughout most of the industrialized world. Diminishing levels of physical activity and the growth of sedentary pursuits may be contributing to the obesity epidemic. The advent of modern technological societies has brought about dramatic changes in lifestyle over the past century. To gain insights into physical activity levels in pre-industrial era societies, researchers have turned to studying religious groups that have resisted the lure of technological change. Children in Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonite communities of North America have a lifestyle that still involves walking to school and friends' homes, performing chores, caring for farm animals, and active play. Research has shown that Amish and Mennonite children have higher levels of physical activity than modern-living children, despite less participation in organized competitive sports. As a result, Amish and Mennonite children tend to be leaner than their counterparts in contemporary society. Studying non-mainstream cultures can provide a valuable perspective on human behaviors.
33
Krzyżowski, Łukasz. "Old “Euro-orphans”? Migration of Adult Children and Social Security of Their Elderly Parents." Kultura i Edukacja 92, no. 6 (2012): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/kie.2012.06.12.
Full textAbstract:
One of the broadly discussed issues, in particular in societies with poor infrastructure of formal care of dependent people (i.e. Poland), is the effect of the ageing process on the efficiency of informal care of the elderly by family members, friends, neighbors, and local communities. The complex situation of elderly care resulting from dropping fertility is further complicated when the emigration rate is high in a given country, such as Poland. The problem is often conceptualized in terms of moral panic. It needs to be emphasized that intergenerational transfers are not unidirectional and not always necessary, as exemplified by parents often helping their children working abroad, and not all elderly parents need care. In this article, I will emphasize the point of view of the parents of migrants, by focusing on the functioning of the transnational system of social security that consists of different actors (migrating and relatively immobile) in both sending and receiving societies. Quantitative and qualitative data from the field studies carried out from 2010–2012 will be used for the purpose of this text.
34
Julle-Danière, Eglantine, Jamie Whitehouse, Aldert Vrij, Erik Gustafsson, and Bridget M. Waller. "The social function of the feeling and expression of guilt." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 12 (December 2020): 200617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200617.
Full textAbstract:
Humans are uniquely cooperative and form crucial short- and long-term social bonds between individuals that ultimately shape human societies. The need for such intense cooperation may have provided a particularly powerful selection pressure on the emotional and communicative behaviours regulating cooperative processes, such as guilt. Guilt is a social, other-oriented moral emotion that promotes relationship repair and pro-sociality. For example, people can be more lenient towards wrongdoers who display guilt than towards those who do not. Here, we examined the social consequences of guilt in a novel experimental setting with pairs of friends differing in relationship quality. Pairs of participants took part in a cooperative game with a mutual goal. We then induced guilt in one of the participants and informed the other participant of their partner's wrongdoing. We examined the outcome using a dictator game to see how they split a joint reward. We found that guilty people were motivated to repair wrongdoing regardless of friendship. Observing guilt in others led to a punishment effect and a victim of wrongdoing punished close friends who appeared guilty more so than acquaintances. We suggest, therefore, that guilt has a stronger function between close friends as the costs of relationship breakdown are greater. Relationship context, therefore, is crucial to the functional relevance of moral emotions.
35
KOVÁŘÍK, JAROMÍR, PABLO BRAÑAS-GARZA, MICHAEL W. DAVIDSON, DOTAN A. HAIM, SHANNON CARCELLI, and JAMES H. FOWLER. "Digit ratio (2D:4D) and social integration: An effect of prenatal sex hormones." Network Science 5, no. 4 (July 4, 2017): 476–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2017.4.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe position people occupy in their social and professional networks is related to their social status and has strong effects on their access to social resources. While attainment of particular positions is driven by behavioral traits, many biological factors predispose individuals to certain behaviors and motivations. Prior work on exposure to fetal androgens (measured by second-to-fourth digit ratio, 2D:4D) shows that it correlates with behaviors and traits related to social status, which might make people more socially integrated. However, it also predicts certain anti-social behaviors and disorders associated with lower socialization. We explore whether 2D:4D correlates with network position later in life and find that individuals with low 2D:4D become more central in their social environment. Interestingly, low 2D:4D males are more likely to exhibit high betweenness centrality (they connect separated parts of the social structure), while low 2D:4D females are more likely to exhibit high in-degree centrality (more people name them as friends). These gender-specific differences are reinforced by transitivity (the likelihood that one's friends are also friends with one another): neighbors of low 2D:4D men tend not to know each other; the contrary is observed for low 2D:4D women. Our results suggest that biological predispositions influence the organization of human societies and that exposure to prenatal androgens influences different status seeking behaviors in men and women.
36
Rošker, Jana. "Wherever We Find Friends there Begins a New Life: Tagore and China." Asian Studies, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2010.-14.1.45-56.
Full textAbstract:
Tagore made a deep impression upon the Chinese culture and society. In 1923, the Jiangxue she 講學社 (Beijing Lecture Association) invited Rabindranath Tagore to deliver a series of talks. The Jiangxue she Association was established in September 1920 and represented one of the many institutions that came to life in China during the May Fourth Movement. Since then, almost all of his works in English have been translated into Chinese. He came to China just when the latter was beginning her Renaissance and his visit certainly gave a great impetus to this new movement. His poems of Stray Birds and The Crescent Moon have created new styles of prosody in the new Chinese poetry. A Crescent Moon Society (for poetry) and a Crescent Moon magazine were started immediately after this event by Hu Shi 胡适 (Hu 2002: 90). During his visit, Tagore raised two basic questions, one about the relation between tradition and modernity, and the other about the usual identification of modernisation with Westernisation. Since the May Fourth Movement, China has also been concerned with these questions and Chinese intellectuals have come out with different answers. These questions, however, were important not only for China but for India as well. Such debates and the revaluation of various answers represented the most important condition for a consolidation of new ideologies, which formed a political basis for the changing societies of both countries.
37
Komarnitskyi, Oleksandr, and Liudmyla Komarnitska. "PUBLIC ACTIVITY OF THE STUDENTS OF PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN KYIV IN 20-30s OF THE 20th CENTURY." Kyiv Historical Studies, no. 1 (2020): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2020.1.14.
Full textAbstract:
In the 20–30s of the 20th century special attention was paid to the formation of the ideological worldview of students of education institutions, future teachers who were to shape the political consciousness of the younger generation with communist ideals. The ideological principles of the party were subordinated to the social activities of youth, in particular, in Kyiv pedagogical educational institutions. The article deals with the work of student clubs and student government bodies, various organizations. Since the mid-20s of the 20th century trade union organizations took over the functions of youth advocates, which were largely influenced by university administrations and controlled the social composition of students, who presented themselves as an exclusively peasant workers. Some of the students were embraced by work in the cells of voluntary societies, the government used to propagate their ideas of socialist construction and the ideological education of the masses. The most active were the cells of Tsoaviakhim, which oversaw the work of the rifle circles. Close to them were sports clubs. Universities also operated cells of MOPR, the Friends of the Children societies, the All-Ukrainian Society for Land Organization of Working Jews OZET, and the Friends of Radio. The ideological work among students was intensified by the student press, the production of “live and light newspapers” that covered the processes of building a higher school, the participation of youth organizations in the proletariat of institutes and technical schools, the life and attitude of students, their participation in cultural work etc. Most of the time, students took part in enriching work. In particular, they worked on various campaigns related to raising funds for the state’s economic needs, participating in fundraising to strengthen defense, days of industrialization, etc.
38
Clark, Stephen R. L. "Deference, Degree and Selfhood." Philosophy 80, no. 2 (April 2005): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819105000252.
Full textAbstract:
The world we lost, and now barely understand, was one where everyone knew her place, and her attendant duties. Civilized groups were the likeliest to insist on a diversity of rôle and rule. Primitive societies are ones where there are rather fewer such distinctions. Slaves and merchants offered a way of being outside the orders, and from the older point of view, the life of slaves and merchants is exactly what the ‘liberal’ ideal entails. No one can count on her connections; everything is up for sale; no one is dishonoured by the acts of friends or family; only animal passions keep us all together. Even in societies that profess egalitarian theories, castes and classes re-emerge. If there is another option it may lie in drawing, as the ancients did, a clear division between selfhood and nature: even in a traditionally hierarchical society it is possible to recall the mere selves that play their various parts. In a would-be egalitarian society that hopes for something more than the hedonic or agonistic bonds that may bind small-scale communities together, recalling, and reconstructing, that distinction may be even more important.
39
Guleng, Marlon Pontino, Razaleigh Muhamat Kawangit, and Abur Hamdi Usman. "A CASE STUDY OF ISLAMIC DACWAH ACTIVITIES IN CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION, PHILIPPINES AMONG MUSLIM MINORITY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7476.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose of the Study: The curves of Islamic dacwah activities in the Philippines have faced ebbs and flows due to various internal and external constraints. In Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), lots of responses had been received by the Islamic organization from the local Muslim societies on the dacwah activities which require further reform in a way of diversifying the dacwah efforts in the whole region. This research aims of identifying the response of Muslim society towards the Islamic dacwah activities in the Philippines.
Methodology: In this study, quantitative methodology research was applied and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 21 with a total number of 272 respondents.
Main Findings: The results showed the responses towards the Islamic dacwah activities in a Muslim society (mean=3.71); Muslim family and friends (mean=3.51) were at high level. However, findings regarding the responses from the government (mean=3.13) and non-Muslim society (mean=3.15) were at moderate level.
Implications: The findings are essential for Islamic da’wah organizations to redesign and formulate various dacwah programs in order to ensure better implication on the societies.
40
Ben-Shlomo, Shirley, Noga Levin-Keini, and Einat Ofir-Barash. "Life Satisfaction in Young Adults—The Moderating Role of Parental Support." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 12513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912513.
Full textAbstract:
The transition to adulthood in Western societies, termed emerging adulthood (EA), holds new challenges for family relationships across and within generations. Drawing on Self Determination Theory and Bowens’ Family systems theory, this study examines the combined contribution of personal resources and relationships with parents and friends to satisfaction with life among young Israeli adults. It also examines the possible change in parental support that occurs with increasing age. A convenience sample (n = 572) of young Jewish Israeli adults (18–29 years) completed structured questionnaires. Using regression analysis, we modelled the associations between personal and support variables to life satisfaction as well as the interactions between age and parental support. The findings reveal that young women reported receiving more parental support than young men. Commitment to values and beliefs and greater support from friends make a positive contribution to life satisfaction. High parental support impairs life satisfaction as age increases. The study extends Bowens’ theory to understand the developmental stage of young adulthood and emphasize on the practical level that therapists need to familiarize themselves with the protective variables at this stage of life and the changing role of parental support.
41
Glowacki, Luke, Alexander Isakov, Richard W. Wrangham, Rose McDermott, James H. Fowler, and Nicholas A. Christakis. "Formation of raiding parties for intergroup violence is mediated by social network structure." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 43 (October 10, 2016): 12114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610961113.
Full textAbstract:
Intergroup violence is common among humans worldwide. To assess how within-group social dynamics contribute to risky, between-group conflict, we conducted a 3-y longitudinal study of the formation of raiding parties among the Nyangatom, a group of East African nomadic pastoralists currently engaged in small-scale warfare. We also mapped the social network structure of potential male raiders. Here, we show that the initiation of raids depends on the presence of specific leaders who tend to participate in many raids, to have more friends, and to occupy more central positions in the network. However, despite the different structural position of raid leaders, raid participants are recruited from the whole population, not just from the direct friends of leaders. An individual’s decision to participate in a raid is strongly associated with the individual’s social network position in relation to other participants. Moreover, nonleaders have a larger total impact on raid participation than leaders, despite leaders’ greater connectivity. Thus, we find that leaders matter more for raid initiation than participant mobilization. Social networks may play a role in supporting risky collective action, amplify the emergence of raiding parties, and hence facilitate intergroup violence in small-scale societies.
42
Policarpo, Verónica. "“The Real Deal”: Managing Intimacy Within Friendship at a Distance." Qualitative Sociology Review 12, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.12.2.02.
Full textAbstract:
How is intimacy constructed between friends who live apart, at a long distance? Family studies have paid considerable attention to the (re)negotiation processes of personal and intimate bonds within transnational families. However, less attention has been paid to the ways in which these structural constraints affect intimate relationships between friends. As significant members of the personal networks of individuals, friends have a supportive role that, in the continuum of other personal relationships (family, co-workers, neighbors, acquaintances), is challenged by the increasing mobility that characterizes contemporary global post-industrial societies. While a significant amount of literature has underlined the negative impact of geographical distance in friendships, other studies have suggested otherwise, stressing the renewed importance of friendship ties between geographically long-distant young adults. This paper explores long distance friendships (LDFs) focusing mainly on two dimensions: the meanings given to intimacy and the practices of friendship at a distance. The main hypothesis is that transformations of intimacy between long-distant friends are likely to be associated with reconfiguration of the meanings given to friendship, as well as to the norms that regulate them. On the one hand, the erosion of friendship is associated with the impossibility of keeping a face-to-face, co-present, accompanying contact, which is part of the expected normative role of friendship. On the other hand, its reconfiguration is mostly associated with those routines and rituals that keep friendship alive by permanently reenacting a sense of self identity and “ontological security” through the “work of memory.” The role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in fostering intimacy within an LDF is also explored, as these have considerably changed the ways we relate to geographical distance and, therefore, the norms that shape intimate relationships.
43
Shamma, Fathi, and Eisam Asaqli. "Gender Differences in Decision-Making During Adolescence: A Comparison of Jewish and Druze Societies." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 10, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v10n1p60.
Full textAbstract:
The principal aim of the study was to compare gender differences in the level of autonomy, parental and peer involvement in the decision-making processes of Jewish and Druze adolescents. The method that was chosen to conduct the study was the qualitative research method and to measure the variables in the current study, a questionnaire containing 30 items was developed. The research population includes 243 participants aged 15–18.
The findings partially confirmed the research hypotheses. The study showed four main findings. First, the study showed that no gender differences are apparent between Jewish and Druze adolescents in the overall degree of autonomy or in parents’ and peers’ involvement in their decision making. Second, the study revealed that in both groups of adolescents, boys have more autonomy in making decisions relative to girls. The third finding showed that among both male adolescent groups, friends are more involved in their decisions relative to among both female grops. The final finding showed that there is bigger gap in the Druze culture between boys and girls regarding the degree of parental involvement than in the Jewish culture.
44
Lindisfarne, Nancy, and Jonathan Neale. "Sexism, Class and Violence." Kadın/Woman 2000, Journal for Womens Studies 17, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33831/jws.v17i1.66.
Full textAbstract:
Without a theory of gender – of what it is and what it does in the world -we cannot explain why sexual imagery, notions of masculinity and femininity, sexual experiences and gendered relations differ in different times and places, and how and why such differences come about. We know that in class societies, elites use racism and other ideologies to divide us and make inequality seem natural. Here we suggest that gendered inequality and sexism - that is, systematic patterns of inequality between women and men in any particular setting - is found everywhere in class societies because it does this job particularly well. Our argument is radical. We argue that systematic gendered inequality is so effective in naturalizing inequality because it is always doubled-sided: one side is love, the other is imbued with gendered violence. Love and kindness are aspects of all our closest human relationships – with our parents, our children, our friends and our lovers, straight or gay. But at the same time. Our close relationships are riven with gendered differences and inequality. So love locks us in, and sexism hurts and angers us. Our theoretical argument starts from the top, from class privilege and the systematic gendered inequality found in all class societies and the inevitable resistance these provoke. Our focus, however, is on neoliberalism as a laboratory for exploring how the rich and powerful combine the use of violence with reconfigurations of ideologies of gender to respond to changes in their material circumstances to protect their economic interests and class dominance.
45
Durante, Federica, Susan T. Fiske, Michele J. Gelfand, Franca Crippa, Chiara Suttora, Amelia Stillwell, Frank Asbrock, et al. "Ambivalent stereotypes link to peace, conflict, and inequality across 38 nations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 4 (January 9, 2017): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611874114.
Full textAbstract:
A cross-national study, 49 samples in 38 nations (n = 4,344), investigates whether national peace and conflict reflect ambivalent warmth and competence stereotypes: High-conflict societies (Pakistan) may need clearcut, unambivalent group images distinguishing friends from foes. Highly peaceful countries (Denmark) also may need less ambivalence because most groups occupy the shared national identity, with only a few outcasts. Finally, nations with intermediate conflict (United States) may need ambivalence to justify more complex intergroup-system stability. Using the Global Peace Index to measure conflict, a curvilinear (quadratic) relationship between ambivalence and conflict highlights how both extremely peaceful and extremely conflictual countries display lower stereotype ambivalence, whereas countries intermediate on peace-conflict present higher ambivalence. These data also replicated a linear inequality–ambivalence relationship.
46
Emodi-Perlman, Alona, Ilana Eli, Nir Uziel, Joanna Smardz, Anahat Khehra, Efrat Gilon, Gniewko Wieckiewicz, Liran Levin, and Mieszko Wieckiewicz. "Public Concerns during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Multicultural Cross-Sectional Study among Internet Survey Respondents in Three Countries." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081577.
Full textAbstract:
(1) Background: this study aimed to evaluate the worries, anxiety, and depression in the public during the initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown in three culturally different groups of internet survey respondents: Middle Eastern (Israel), European (Poland), and North American (Canada). (2) Methods: a cross-sectional online survey was conducted in the mentioned countries during the lockdown periods. The survey included a demographic questionnaire, a questionnaire on personal concerns, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). A total of 2207 people successfully completed the survey. (3) Results: Polish respondents were the most concerned about being infected. Canadian respondents worried the most about their finances, relations with relatives and friends, and both physical and mental health. Polish respondents worried the least about their physical health, and Israeli respondents worried the least about their mental health and relations with relatives and friends. Canadian respondents obtained the highest score in the PHQ-4, while the scores of Israeli respondents were the lowest. (4) Conclusions: various factors should be considered while formulating appropriate solutions in emergency circumstances such as a pandemic. Understanding these factors will aid in the development of strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of stress, social isolation, and uncertainty on the well-being and mental health of culturally different societies.
47
Barragan-Jason, Gladys, Maxime Cauchoix, Anne Regnier, Marie Bourjade, Astrid Hopfensitz, and Alexis S. Chaine. "Schoolchildren cooperate more successfully with non-kin than with siblings." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1944 (February 10, 2021): 20202951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2951.
Full textAbstract:
Cooperation plays a key role in the development of advanced societies and can be stabilized through shared genes (kinship) or reciprocation. In humans, cooperation among kin occurs more readily than cooperation among non-kin. In many organisms, cooperation can shift with age (e.g. helpers at the nest); however, little is known about developmental shifts between kin and non-kin cooperation in humans. Using a cooperative game, we show that 3- to 10-year-old French schoolchildren cooperated less successfully with siblings than with non-kin children, whether or not non-kin partners were friends. Furthermore, children with larger social networks cooperated better and the perception of friendship among non-friends improved after cooperating. These results contrast with the well-established preference for kin cooperation among adults and indicate that non-kin cooperation in humans might serve to forge and extend non-kin social relationships during middle childhood and create opportunities for future collaboration beyond kin. Our results suggest that the current view of cooperation in humans may only apply to adults and that future studies should focus on how and why cooperation with different classes of partners might change during development in humans across cultures as well as other long-lived organisms.
48
Vaskó, Áron, Imre Vida, and László Vasa. "Opportunities within the meat supply chain in Africa—The case of beef production in Northern Ghana." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): e0260668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260668.
Full textAbstract:
Developing food supply chains in the African agriculture could be one of the keys for higher value-added activities and for the fair income of the stakeholders along the chains. Our research aims to investigate how these agricultural value chains are working in Northern Ghana and how to develop them. To estimate meat demand in the Tamale Metropolis, we carried out a large-scale survey with more than 300 interviews. Furthermore, we also measured the awareness of processed meat products. Based on the results, our conclusions are as follows: Development of public services offers the opportunity to (1) gaining market power for ourselves while losing market power for others, (2) indirect takeover of control on political and civil societies while losing control for others, (3) to win allies and friends on one hand, potentially losing allies and friends on the other. After spatial analyses of grazing areas, animal markets, trading routes and witnessing the descriptions of basic macroeconomic differences within Ghana; we must conclude that live animal trade is south-orientated, where traders are able to bargain higher prices. Due to northern locational advantages, the price of animals could be reduced. The presumably cheaper workforce and dozens of unemployed young males could also alleviate the financial burdens.
49
Sharabany, Ruth, Yohanan Eshel, and Caesar Hakim. "Boyfriend, girlfriend in a traditional society: Parenting styles and development of intimate friendships among Arabs in school." International Journal of Behavioral Development 32, no. 1 (January 2008): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025407084053.
Full textAbstract:
The development of intimate same- and other-sex friendships in Arab children and adolescents in Israel was investigated in relation to their perceived parenting styles. It was hypothesized that girls would show higher levels of intimacy than boys, and that cross-sex intimacy in both groups would increase with age, whereas same-sex intimate friendship maintains rather stable over the school years. We hypothesized further that intimate friendship would be contingent more readily on perceived parental authoritative style rather than on either permissive or authoritarian styles. Participants were 723 Arab students drawn from four schools, and from the 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th grades. The Parental Authority Questionnaire and Intimate Friendship Scale were employed as measures. Findings indicated that girls were more intimate with their female friends than boys were with their male friends, especially in the higher grades, replicating previous studies. However, boys tended to score higher than girls on intimacy with the other gender. Girls equaled their level of intimacy only at the 11th grade. These findings suggest that traditional societies may foster specific characteristics of intimate friendship. A novel finding is the central role of the authoritative parenting style in determining intimate friendships. Results are discussed in terms of universal aspects of friendship and of their expression in the investigated cultural setting.
50
Cabrera-Morales, María del Consuelo, Josefina Reynoso-Vazquez, María del Refugio Acuña Gurrola, Bertha Maribel Pimentel Pérez, Lydia López Pontigo, Patricia Cabrera Morales, and Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba Ledezma. "Quality of life and quality of death from COVID-19." Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA 4, no. 7 (July 5, 2022): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v4i7.9093.
Full textAbstract:
With the arrival of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, there was a change in the way of living and relating among the population, social distancing and the security measures adopted, personally and collectively, as well as other micro-losses to the that individuals and societies clashed; the fear of getting sick due to the lack of a specific treatment, the complications after the disease, the high mortality due to COVID-19; the change, or the absence, of farewell rituals for relatives, acquaintances and friends who have died from the disease; as well as everything that is lived personally in the course of this pathology that still has no end; These are elements that well deserve to be analyzed if we consider the impact they have had on the quality of life and death.