Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Société numérique – Aspect environnemental'
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Bourgeois, Guillaume. "Analyse et modélisation de l’impact environnemental du système d’information." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS023.
Full textDigital technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, but it has a significant environmental impact, particularly in terms of energy consumption, greenhouse gas production, electronic waste, water and air pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. Organizations are becoming aware of their environmental responsibility and are seeking to reduce their carbon footprint related to information systems. To help organizations manage their IS carbon footprint, this thesis proposes a decision support framework based on a detailed modeling of the environmental impact of the information system. This framework identifies the most effective actions to reduce the environmental impact of the IS, taking into account the operational and financial constraints of the organizations. The WeNR tools are presented as concrete applications of this decision support framework, which allow measuring the environmental impact of the IS within organizations and proposing concrete measures to reduce it. Finally, the author presents the prospects of a responsible digital SaaS decision support tool that would automatically collect data on the organization’s digital carbon footprint, analyze it, propose specific actions to reduce it, and provide key environmental performance indicators
Fiocca, Louis-Emmanuel. "L' analyse économique du droit d'auteur dans la société de l'information." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX32059.
Full textCodur, Anne-Marie. "La relation société-environnement dans une approche systémique : contribution à la définition du concept de développement durable." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0019.
Full textThis thesis proposes a theoretical framework for studying the society-environment relationship in a systemic perspective especially in the context of social systems that are closely dependant on their local environment, as is still the case for most rural communities in developing countries. Traditional analytical, quantitative approaches (using linear causalities) generally fail to explain the complexity of the relation between a society and its environment. This dissertation employs a dynamic interactive socio-ecological system (SES) model which represents the organization of the interface that links any society to its natural environment. Focusing on the institutional aspect of this interface, i argue that the relation between institutional design and ecosystemic properties is critical for sustainability. Sustainable institutional structures must be sensitive to physical factors which impose constraints on the exploitation of natural renewable resources (e. G. Variability and uncertainty in the availability of a resource in space, time and quantity, conditions of access, visibility, divisibility,. . ) I develop a typology of diverse ideal-types of SESs according to institutional responses to ecological constraints (especially in terms of appropriate institutional scales or regulation of access to resources). I illustrate this typology by examples of historically sustainable SESs in rural communities of Morocco and Tunisia. These communities are experiencing exogenous and endogenous changes or shocks (population pressure, institutional failures, openess to the market, conflicts between different institutional scales of regulation,. . . ) That are modifying the patterns of the socio-environment interface and can lead to ecological degradations if the necessary institutional adaptations fail to occur
Wanjohi, Kibicho. "Tourisme et parcs nationaux au Kenya : la ville contre la société rurale locale ?" Lyon 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO20077.
Full textTourism in Kenya plays a significant role as a source of income as well as a creator of employment opportunities. Using the case studies of Amboseli area, this study analyses the relationship between the tourist-host community, tourism and the environment. How and to what extent tourism development has influenced the Maasai community’s way of life. Why was the tourism industry introduced to the region? With unsurpassed level of tourism growth in the area, a pertinent question remains unanswered: was it initiated for the benefit of the urbanites or the hosts? Is it a development by, with or for the local/host community? In relation to these questions, the overall research question and indeed the theme for this study is: “Wildlife-based Tourism in Kenya: A Form of Domination of the Local Communities?” Based on a survey carried-out on three key tourism interested parties (local community, Kenya Wildlife Service staff and tourists), two groups of stakeholders are identified. The first group, ecocentric, prefers management actions which take care of the tourist interests as a priority. The other group of stakeholders, anthropocentric, favours the utilization of the environment for the local development. Based on the results of the current study and the existent literature, this work concludes that, wildlife-based tourism in Kenya serves the interest of the urban dwellers at the expense of the tourist-host community
Nica, Dan. "Société de l'information et e-gouvernance : cas d'un pays en transition : la Roumanie." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30002.
Full textSauget, Nicole. "Agro-écosystème et société : la diversité des façons de produire des agriculteurs dans les coteaux de Gascogne." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100005.
Full textLe, Normant Catherine. "Modélisation numérique tridimensionnelle des processus de transport des sédiments cohésifs en environnement estuarien." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT014H.
Full textAuray, Nicolas. "Politique de l'informatique et de l'information : les pionniers de la nouvelle frontière électronique." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0129.
Full textGerber, François-Pierre. "Le durcissement de l'idéologie sécuritaire en France : effet du projet utopique de société de l'information ?" Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR20017.
Full textIn France the security politics regularly harden at every legislation as regards interior security. At the same time, takes shape the use of a worldwide project of information society, which claims it as inclusive, egalitarian and democratic. Is there a link between the utopia of a better world carried by the information society and the security face that the liberal democracies adopt ?. .
Cardona, Aurélie. "L'agriculture à l'épreuve de l'écologisation : éléments pour une sociologie des transitions." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0132.
Full textIn spite of measures aiming to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, changes in farming practices remain modest while societal concerns continue to rise. The environmental mission assigned to agriculture is complex and subject to interpretation. The growing number of diverse stakeholders turning their attention to farming increases the demands placed on agriculture. In this context, the goal of this thesis is first, to understand how a diversity of agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders involve themselves in transition processes towards more environmentally-soundagriculture and second, to understand the effect of their involvement on farmers practices. To achieve this, I relied on a pragmatic approach wich highlights "frictions", as well as "holdfasts" used by stakeholders and makes it possible to give a faithful account of their interpretations and experience of transition processes. Based on a socio-historical analysis and three case-studies from the Paris region, I characterized, first, the conditions of the emergence of movements promoting change in agriculture practices, second, the enrollment processes throught wich the issue of transition makes sense and, third, the changes in terms of both agricultural practices and forms of governance of those changes as well. The study shows that transition processes emerge as the result of adjustements between diverse stakeholders embedded in different communities. This analysis suggests the emergence of a "territoire-based contribution" model of change, where a diversity of stakeholders contributes by their discourse and actions to the ecologization of agriculture in their territoire
Le, Chene Véronique. "Inclusion numérique en contexte d’établissements médico-sociaux." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20027/document.
Full textThe ideal of inclusive society is based on principles of justice and social cohesion. It translates into a desire to include people at risk of poverty and exclusion, to reduce social inequalities and to encourage participation in the life of society. Faced with social inequalities, specific policies are implemented for people with disabilities. They translate into a principle of widespread accessibility to employment, education, built, transport, leisure, culture, digital technologies, etc. In our society where the uses of digital technologies appear to be the cure for all social problems (Proulx, 1990), what benefits can people with disabilities derive from the uses of these technologies? To answer this question, I went to investigate people welcomed in medico-social institutions in Brittany. I accompanied their use of digital technologies and in an ethno-methodological approach (Lapassade, 2000) and ecological of activity (Denis, 2009), I analyzed these uses as a social construct (Jouët, 2000). In this research we will see how the appropriation of digital technologies by people with intellectual disabilities or mental disorders transforms the negative representations they have of themselves and brings out a power to act with digital technologies that participate in their emancipation
Dubs, Patrice. "Etude d'un jet d'azote supercritique utilisé dans un prototype industriel de traitement de surface à faible impact environnemental." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10121/document.
Full textA new and efficient process of surface treatment is developed and exists in prototype form at present. The process aims at injecting an inert gas, such as nitrogen, at supercritical conditions through a nozzle. The jet resulting from the expansion of the fluid at high pressure and supercritical temperature impinges normally a flat surface. Alternatively to water jet technologies, which need expansive purification of water after use, and to other classical surface treatment process, this process provides environmental (no generation of additional waste), technical (action on the coating) and energetical (efficiency) benefits. However, the physical phenomena involved in the jet are still poorly understood at present. To understand and model these phenomena, numerical analysis is presented. This analysis is part of a study strategy that aims at gradually increasing the complexity of modeling. A first model aims at describing the evolution of the fluid in time and space, assuming a compressible axisymmetric viscous flow. In this model, the fluid is assumed perfect. A direct extension of this model is then presented where real fluid effects are taken into account in the compressible flow. These models are implemented in finite volume CFD code. Test cases are studied to validate the numerical models. A study of industrial-type configurations, representative of the conditions of use of the process of surface treatment by nitrogen is then conducted
Makanga, Bala Martial Pépin. "Le Gabon et la gestion de la société de l'information : approche spatiale des réseaux et des enjeux géopolitiques des technologies de la communication." Bordeaux 3, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521429.
Full textFollowing the example of numerous African countries, the Gabon, is for more than ten years, the receptacle of an intense activity with variable polarization on the new technologies of information and the communication. In fact, It succumbed as the others, in the charm of paradigm of the dominant development of the societies of this beginning of XXIth century: the Information society the World Summit of which on the Information society (SMSI) of Geneva in 2003 was the crowning of a global mobilization. Without, beyond the overflowing excitement which resulted from it, political speeches of numerous actors, declarations of good intentions and leading projects " information society and ICT " which succeeded one another, the numerous geopolitical stakes conveyed by the geographical problem of the insertion of the ICT delay being perceived as such. Indeed, the geopolitics of the insertion of the ICT in the Gabon reveals a symbolic bicéphalisme become structuring: residual political action share and instrumentalisation ICT, striking modernity and outdatedness of infrastructures, socio-territorial dynamics of the accesses and the equivalent spatial disparities. It is in this uncertain political executive, that was paradoxically evoked the ambition of the Gabon to become a digital major pole. Now, in a Gabon in search of perspectives of development, the accesses to the mobile telephony, the internet access, the manners for all, the formation in the manners and their corollary (infrastructures, equipments, etc. ) are only an interface. They are supposed to feed a political project of deployment of the ICT including an industrial dimension of the services within the framework of a science park with sub-regional vocation. It is the prize of a real regional leadership High Tech and especially a "other" participation in the globalization and in the information society
Bresciani, Christophe. "Simulation numérique de l'hydratation et du développement des propriétés physiques et mécaniques d'une pâte de ciment afin de sélectionner de nouveaux ajouts minéraux." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005221.
Full textMoon, Beaumont Kyu-Young. "Les analyses comparées de l'interaction entre la gouvernance d'Etat et la révolution de la culture Internet en Corée du Sud et à Singapour." Le Havre, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LEHA0020.
Full textSingapore and South Korea, two countries with advanced Internet infrastructure development programs, showcase two different models in cultural evolution on the Net. Indeed, both countries exhibit a similar approach in fostering Internet usage and technology, providing universal Internet access, nurturing information technology education, and creating an effective e-Government. Nevertheless, very distinctive cyberspace cultures emerge among Korean Internet users and Singaporean counterparts. In South Korea, Netizens mobilised in on-line groups affect real world power relationships between the State and the civilian private sector. In Singapore, Internet usage activity falls as much under government control as do other daily real world political duties. Exploring these two Internet usage philosophies allows us to appreciate the revolutionary force of the Internet and how the Internet transcends social and cultural distinctions
Bubendorff, Sandrine. "Processus d'autonomisation à l'ère du numérique : pour une sociologie critique du financement participatif." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG018/document.
Full textThis dissertations, which reviews Frankfurt School Critical theory's, intends to question the cultural industry's transformations in a digital society. Through the example of crowdfunding, we question the relevance of normative ideals structured on autonomy, authenticity, independance and collaboration. This values, onces constitutives of the digital ideology, are now highlighted by the crowdfunding creators and producers. Seen as a tool which can encourage disintermediation, crowdfunding is introduced as a new way of producing and consumming culture. Based on actor's statements, we desribe how those transformations are incorporated by the cultural industry and, widely by a specific« form of life ». This dual mechanism of ideals' recuperation and transformation within them is understood as specific from a highly paradoxical modernity (A. Honneth). Crowdfunding is considered in dialectical way, and lets us see the empowerment process which appears for individuals in the heart of this paradoxes
Mannisi, Alban. "La médiation environnementale en aménagement du territoire dans la société civile au Japon : pour une philosophie politique du paysage." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100027.
Full textSince the 1970s, international conventions have reinforced the involvement of civil societies in the development of their territories. In Japan, this phenomenon was accelerated further to the Kōbe earthquake in 1995. In 1998, it led to the NPO (Non Profitable Organization), which consolidated the role of civil society in the stakeholders' territory. This thesis analyzes the mechanisms of civil society engagement and the use of mediators who rely on the specific relation between Japanese society and its environment (Japanese milieu), and investigates the emergence of new forms of territorial governance. In order to answer this problematic, we first study the emergence of the role of civil society through mediation in territorial planning in Japan, showing how these phenomena are partly based on certain logics, but also on international developments. Then, from the study of three practices of mediators of social engineering: KUWAKO Toshio (Philosopher), YAMAZAKI Ryō (Landscape Architect) and KOIZUMI Hideki (Urban Planner), it is observed how the techniques of mediations inspired part of foreign techniques are assimilated and readjusted to meet the needs of Japanese society. This thesis explains the porosity between autochthony and the transfer of methods of international governance. It highlights how the international will to involve civil societies is part of the logic of the Japanese milieu. In conclusion, an attempt to put into perspective the data of the thesis is sought from the statement of a political philosophy of landscape
Bignoumba, Backouyanga Diane Marina. "Les enjeux de la gestion du risque environnemental dans la zone de N'Toum au Gabon : cas de l'entreprise CIMGABON." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020557.
Full textGaye, Sahite. "Analyse socio-critique de la Société de l’Information : écritures et stratégies d’acteurs du réseau des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication au Sénégal." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20017.
Full textThe so-called Information Society is highly tarnished by the media and in the speeches of some organizations such as international institutions which operate in the field of Information Technology and Communication. However, if it exists, its understanding sometimes changes according to the expectations of each other. In Senegal, for instance, actors who revolve around the Information Technology and Communication network do not have the same vision of the company. The public authority’s attempts to define policies mainly reflect the recommendations of the World Summits on the Information Society.In this perspective, the local population set up strategies with practices that are more dictated by the economic and social situation than official texts. The consequences of these uses, of organizational reconfigurations and writings, are analyzed here with tools that will take into account social factors
Desmarchelier, Benoît. "La croissance tertiaire face à la problématique environnementale : une approche par les systèmes multi-agents." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL12004/document.
Full textThis thesis starts from a paradoxical observation, that of a temporal correspondence in the birth of three phenomena : problematic and growing pollution levels, tertiarization of economic activities and mass material consumption. This correspondence constitutes a paradox, because it is given that services are rather non-material activities, and also because tertiarized economies have often been described as composed by individuals searching to consume qualitative and tertiary products rather than searching to consume massively material goods. We explain this correspondence by the adaptive behavior of the economic agents.Tertiarization implies that the demand of goods reaches progressively its level of repletion. We explore the hypothesis that industrial firms have responded to this repletion by implementing planned obsolescence strategies. It seems that these strategies are behind the birth of the consumption society. In this context, the consumption society appears as a consequence of the tertiarization process. For all that, growth and the environment are not conflicting objectives for tertiary economies. Indeed, their growth is increasingly based on the accumulation of intangible capitals. This new source of accumulation permits to undertake majortransformations within industrial production processes without challenging the general process of economic growth. Furthermore, an environmental tax policy seems to be able to induce such desirable transformations
Siby, Mahamadou. "Les processus de développement territorial dans la région de Kayes au Mali : approche territoriale du développement durable." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0090.
Full textWhen referring to the recent period (late 1980s and early 1990s), the emergence of (Ngos, local authorities, North/South cooperation programmes, association of village structures, migrant associations...) involved in promoting territorial development at the local level in the Kayes region of Mali. In the same period, the notion of sustainable development emerges on the international scene. in this perspective, many stakeholders are interested in the use of this concept as a test of public territorial development policies through institutional reforms at decentralization. The use of this concept by the various actors is a research issue in the field of social sciences. The objective of this work is: to understand the conceptual articulation of these concepts of development through sustainable development policies initiated by decentralization and decentralised cooperation programmes; to analyse how sustainable development schemes are appropriate by actors in the Kayes region. Particular attention is paid to the decision-making processes (who participates? who decides? according to what methods? on what issues? etc.) and their effects on the expectations of local people, changes in their living conditions and their citizenship
Wacta, Christine. "Vers la "ville neuro-prothétique" du futur : une maquette numérique de ville renseignée comme plateforme d’échange et de croisement d’applications intégrant des données en temps réel et sur un support topographique de référence permettant une approche urbaine holistique qui intègre pleinement les questions socio- culturelles, économiques, politiques et environnementales nécessaires dans une conception urbaine de ville intelligente : l’approche Géo Spatiale appliquée à l’urbain." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=3960&f=25139.
Full textThe question of urban design of the future is one of the important and critical issues of our society. The global warming, the biodiversity at risk, the economic/social/cultural transitions, the predictions of a significant increase in the urban population, the changes in transportation patterns, and changes in urban forms, to quote only a few... All these questions are at the heart of current issues and are part of the constraints we must face in the urban design of tomorrow. Faced with such a situation, it seems risky today to continue to think of the city with approaches or design processes that are based on yesterday’s realities. As Albert Einstein puts it, "we cannot solve our problems using the same way of thinking that we had when we created them". The environmental issues (global warming, biodiversity, etc ...) are factors of vulnerability in the current city in such a way that it is generally accepted (ScienceNet) that built environments must now , more than in the past, be designed in a way that is "respectful of the environment ". We are encouraged to develop a socially responsible and "environmentally friendly" mentality, an approach that looks beyond the immediate and individual interest to achieving stable, long-term common goals. This is only possible if we use and intelligently and fairly all the resources at our disposal, in this case our knowledge, the natural resources, the socio-economic, the geographical as well as the technological advancements. Because, if technology and digital have become of common daily used by the citizens, urban design and architectural disciplines seems however to have a hard time integrating it completely in an intelligent and systemic way as do today other disciplines such as medicine and aeronautics...This work tries to develop a methodology of urban design based on a combination of digital applications, the effort of a collective intelligence as well as ideas, concepts and techniques proposed by a handful of philosophers, historians, psychologists, architects, town planners above mentioned who marked the history of cities. It is therefore from this heterogeneous marriage of techniques and thoughts augmented by recent geospatial technologies that this research intends to base its point of view on the study of urban complexity in order to try to cope with urban problems in constant form. evolution
Lacour, Pauline. "Quantifier le contenu environnemental des relations économiques entre la Chine et le Japon : Analyse de trois canaux de transfert de technologies vertes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825647.
Full textTrainoir, Marianne. "Ethnographie des pratiques numériques des personnes à la rue." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20063/document.
Full textHomelessness is studied within two paradigms: the critical approach, which emphasizes the phenomena of social domination and the interactionist approach that underlines the successive adaptations that individuals implement. Those adaptations are studied through particular situations within which the "homeless" identity is built and a career takes shape. That career is looked at either as a un-socialization career or as a survival career in which self-preservation forms a daily and biographical perspective. In this context, working on issues such as "Getting off the streets" and "Home" paves the way for a renewed approach to self-preservation beyond situational facework. In this perspective, our ethnography of digital practices forms a practical support for self-preservation. Our fieldwork within social support structures shows that all the people surveyed, despite their heterogeneity, experience wandering as an intimate and social experience, and as a form of extreme precariousness which is lived between street and assistance, and marked by a self-weakening and an alteration of the capacity to look to the future. This experience is punctuated by many trials, gathered in a struggle for self-preservation. Self-preservation is then both a daily concern and a biographical question encompassing past, present and future temporalities. It is a work in the daily reality of survival but also through a memory work, selfpresentation, self-experimentation and self-projection. If the struggle against disengagement is almost invisible, digital practices offer a new approach for observation and analysis. Digital uses make it possible to access to rights and margins of autonomy. They also support friendship and family links. Between private and public life, digital uses allow homeless people to set up times and spaces to care about themselves. Eventually, our study also shows that digital uses create an ambivalent form of support: sometimes enabling, sometimes disqualifying. Indeed, it can turn against the subject, feeding identity crumbling and strengthening the solitude and unworthiness feelings
Boutry, Ornella. "Agriculture et Environnement : une analyse néo-institutionnelle de l'évolution des pratiques agricoles. Le cas de la gestion quantitative de la ressource en eau en Charente-Maritime." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655767.
Full textFallah, Shorshani Masoud. "Modélisation de l’impact du trafic routier sur la pollution de l’air et des eaux de ruissellement." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1068/document.
Full textRoad traffic emissions are a major source of pollution in cities. Modeling of air and stormwater pollution due to on-road vehicles is essential to understand the processes that lead to the pollution and to provide the necessary information for the development of effective public policies to reduce pollution. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the feasibility and relevance of modeling chains to simulate the impact of road traffic on air and stormwater pollution. The first part of the thesis consisted in assessing the state of the art of modeling tools available for the different relevant phenomena (traffic, emissions, atmospheric dispersion, and stormwater quality), highlighting challenges associated with the integration of the different models to create a consistent modeling chain in terms of pollutants and spatio-temporal scales. Two examples of modeling chains have been proposed, one static with hourly time-steps, the other based on a dynamic approach for traffic and its associated pollution. In the second part of the thesis, different interface tools have been developed to link models and construct modeling chains. These modeling chains were tested with different case studies: (1) coupling traffic and emissions for the simulation of an urban street using a dynamic model of traffic with instantaneous and time-averaged emission models, (2) coupling on-road emissions and atmospheric dispersion/deposition near a freeway, (3) coupling traffic, emissions and atmospheric dispersion/chemistry near a freeway, (4) coupling emissions and atmospheric dispersion/deposition in a suburban neighborhood (5) coupling atmospheric deposition and stormwater quality for an urban catchment, and finally (6) a complete modeling chain with traffic / emissions / air and stormwater quality models for urban catchment drainage. This work allows one to identify different possibilities of model integration to calculate air and stormwater pollution due to road traffic in urban areas. Moreover, it provides a solid basis for the future development of integrated numerical models of urban pollution
Richard, Sébastien. "Fissuration par fatigue d'alliages d'aluminium au lithium de troisième génération." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605426.
Full textCatalon, Elise. "Vers une recomposition des rapports entre sociétés et rivières : l’hydromorphologie des cours d’eau : processus, représentations et enjeux de gestion environnementale sur la Dordogne moyenne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100012/document.
Full textThe relationship between societies and rivers is marked by environmental changes that question the modalities, more or less institutionalized and systematized over time, used to generate knowledge and to define legitimate practices. Recently, these questions have emerged and crystallized around the approach and concepts supported by hydromorphology. The greater consideration of this theoretical framework within ways of thinking and acting leads to many changes. In particular it follows that river management based on the control and stabilization of rivers is challenged in favour of an approach based on the expression of the river dynamics. This thesis proposes, first, a review of the processes which helped made it into a formal and decisive issue. Then the thesis aims to show through how hydromorphology represents and reflects the changes in the relationship between people and rivers through joint trajectories marked by practices, materiality and reciprocal adaptation throughout unique timescales and spatiality. It also intends to highlight, through an analysis of the representations of hydromorphological functioning of the river, how this new theoretical and practical configuration disturbs, at least currently, what seemed legitimate and rational until this day, and requires a restructuring of values and intentionality that riparian communities display in respect of watercourses. Finally, this thesis accounts for how public policy and its instruments are faced with new expectations, both cognitively and operationally, how they adapt and reinvent themselves in the light of a greater consideration of hydromorphology towards what it calls for: redefining the terms of a joint existence between the rivers and riparian societies
Martin, Cécile. "L'invention de l'écran. De l'écran de cheminée aux écrans connectés interactifs. Enjeux communicationnels et culturels dans le contexte de la globalisation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA018.
Full textDuring the XXth century, communication, information and entertainment fields converged, under the influence of data digitalisation, network infrastructure development and widespread use of terminal whose common characteristic is to be fitted with screens. It is a fact that might be well observed: screens are everywhere in our everyday life, in public spaces and private areas since at least a few decades, and it generates different reactions, as fear or enthusiasm. In making the "digital divide" manifests, the screen plays a role not only by his presence but although through its absence, and its generalization even seems to be a crucial step to achieve the "global village" project. So it can't be an overstatement arguing that the screen has become a social topic. As a matter of fact, screen's presence is remarquable in at least two different ways. First of all, it is part of our lives in a technical and practical way cause it now frames most of our interactions. Also it has spread to our lives as it has become a very fashionable key word in the discourse about communication crisis. The use of the screen word not only increases during all the last century, but in addition its semantic field has become more complex. Sometimes it is refering to a set of devices, sometimes to an hypernym for each of them. Considering these elements, this research aimed to analyse these different aspects of the screen, first through the help of linguistic tools, then with picture analysis, in order to reflect about the future of the screen. When does the screen has been invented? What are its characteristics? These are the questions we will try to answer, so as to define the part played by the screen in culture. The aim of this study is to elaborate a screen taxonomy, to enlight our knowledge about the diversity of screens and offer a documented definition of the “screen culture” topic, in order to improve our knowledge of the changes that affect the communication field
Mouren, Renan. "E-médiations territoriales : modélisation et mise en ressources numériques : entre espace informé et espace géographique." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080100/document.
Full textBetween informed space and geographical spaceWe observe a wide range of territorial e-mediation’s concrete fields, statutes, functions and uses, according to socioeconomics,political, geographical or ecological contexts. This diversity reveals an epistemologically productivelink between digital, geographical and informized spaces. This thesis aims to circumscribe and deepen thosearticulated, sometimes divergent, complex dimensions, keys parameters of action and territorial development.Indeed, in the face of the major issues, socio-economic, ecological, societal and multicultural that weigh more orless uniformly today on the world, these dimensions of digital territorial mediation, are essential and necessary tobuild specific development models in which digital is one of the most significant. Moreover the higher the territoriale-mediation obeys a logic of branching, from the global to the local, the more it favors the use of territorial data thatare easy to track, capture, analyze and merchandise by the Data-Broker. This relative homogenization and thisqualitative impoverishment of the numerical data available on the territories, can induce new political normativities,limit the theoretical-practical researches on the social and usages innovations and lead to a numerical cooling of theterritories. This central notion of territorial e-mediation, is a « Boundary Objects » operates in this thesis as a amatrix for interpreting territories from which a theoretical-practical frameworks is designed. This thesis collect,analyse, reference, documents, publications, theoretical works, professional contributions, policies and practices onthis link between digital, geographical and informized spaces that is shifting the centre of gravity of territoriestheorical interpretations, proportionate to mutations and représentations that are facing them. For a number of yearswe experiment this framework with the Seine-Saint-Denis (Paris) territory, based on an interventions outline whichcombines stakeholders and actions, technical an social innovations in order to give meaning to the various forms ofaction, in view of sustainable development and common good. Distant territories and from different cultures couldunder certain methodological conditions through e-mediations, use this kind of framework to experiment andexpress their developpment models, comparisons, detailed analysis, the context of emergence, detailed comments,« traits » or solutions.Those mediations would permit
Arcuset, Laurent. "La prise en compte de la diversité des acteurs dans un processus de tourisme durable." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989600.
Full textJankeviciute, Laura. "Internet et les préadolescents : quels usages ? : approche visuelle et participative." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995069.
Full textGaritte, Gilles. "Les torrents de la vallée de la Clarée (Hautes Alpes, France). Évolution contemporaine, dynamique actuelle et analyse géographique des risques associés." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121513.
Full textCette étude fondée sur différentes approches in situ (topométrie, analyse géomorphologique) et diachroniques des cônes de déjection et des lits torrentiels, a permis d'effectuer un diagnostic du comportement actuel des torrents de la basse vallée de la Clarée mais aussi d'en étudier l'évolution depuis la fin du 19ème siècle. En effet, comme ailleurs dans les Alpes, les torrents de la vallée de la Clarée ont connu depuis 150 ans une mutation de leur physionomie marquée par un ajustement morphologique suite au tarissement sédimentaire causé par les modifications environnementales post-PAG. Nos travaux ont permis de souligner le caractère essentiellement spontané de l'ajustement morphologique des torrents dans le secteur étudié. Or, si du point de vue socio-économique, la vallée de la Clarée est longtemps restée en marge de l'essor économique qu'ont connu les stations de sport d'hiver voisines, les communes de la vallée connaissent depuis maintenant une trentaine d'année, une lente reconversion socio-économique marquée par l'émergence du tourisme. Cela a conduit à une évolution des modes de gestion du risque torrentiel qui privilégie désormais la mise en place de vastes systèmes de correction torrentielle sur les cônes de déjection. L'apparent assagissement des torrents, conjugué à l'augmentation de la pression foncière, a favorisé l'aménagement progressif des cônes de déjection torrentiels. Dans le contexte actuel de réchauffement global, les modifications du comportement dynamique des torrents pourraient alors avoir des conséquences notables en terme de risque torrentiel.
Fuentes-Zurita, María-Cristina. "Les cybercafés populaires au Mexique et les jeunes : réponse baroque ou formation non conventionnelle?" Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030166.
Full textThis research on the cybercafés in Mexico aims at understanding and explaining how young people use these spaces and what the meaning attached to them is. The author wants to know if it corresponds here to a baroque response or to a form of non-conventional learning. Facing the “numerical revolution”, this study allows questioning the relation between the technological gaps and the construction of subjective identities. Cybercafés consist of multiform spaces, where the uses and meanings are shaped by offer and demand as well as through the interaction between users, and between them and the operators. As a new space “between-two”, the cybercafé allows young people to construct their identity by a process of self-determination and of independent learning. The analysis is based on the observations made in 17 cybercafés, of interviews with operators and young users, and in the creation of a photographic collection. The issues developed here are based on the following questions. In what and how the way in which the use and the meaning of the popular cybercafés in Mexico allows its youth to become social subjects and to what measure it corresponds to a baroque response or to a form of unconventional education
Duché, Sarah. "La pollution de l'air en région parisienne : exposition et perception sur les sites touristiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840818.
Full textChalléat, Samuel. ""Sauver la nuit" : empreinte lumineuse, urbanisme et gouvernance des territoires." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589614.
Full textAvry, Loïc. "Analyser les conflits territoriaux par les représentations spatiales : une méthode cognitive par cartes mentales." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808779.
Full textRossi, Julien. "Protection des données personnelles et droit à la vie privée : enquête sur la notion controversée de « donnée à caractère personnel »." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2549.
Full textInternet and digital information and communication technologies in general are often portrayedas a threat to privacy. This gives rise to many debates, both in the media and among decisionmakers. The Snowden revelations, in 2013, followed by the adoption in 2016 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), have moved these discussions under the spotlight of the publicsphere.The research presented in this dissertation was born out of three questions: can we define what“privacy” is? Is there any consensus on its definition? And does this consensus change with theevolution of the technical milieu transforming our ways of communicating, and by doing so, theway in which our privacy can be intruded upon? By defining “privacy” as the object which is protected by normative texts – laws, court decisions,techno-political standards of the Internet – protecting the right to privacy, it becomes possible toconduct an empirical study of how it evolved and how it has been a topic of contention. Data protection law emerged in Europe during the 1970’s. Its aim was to protect a “privacy” that was perceived as under threat by the advent of computers. Currently, the GDPR, or somedocuments adopted by standards-settings organisations like the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF) or the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), are written with the intention that they protect this privacy through a set of rules and principles referred to as “data protection”, that apply to “personal data”. The legal definitions of this notion produced by political institutions and those crafted instandards-settings bodies are identical. Furthermore, the study of the genealogy of data protection reveals that computer scientists have played a pivotal role in the invention of the principles that “data protection” still relies on, for instance in the GDPR. The analysis of the controversies that took place in the shaping of these rules shows that the notion of “personal data” written down in the normative texts we analysed essentially reflects the beliefs system of a coalition inspired by liberal utilitarian ideals, valuing individual autonomy and granting importance to the respect of one’s consent. This framing of “privacy” has become the paradigm on the field. Other theories, such as those defining “privacy” as a space bound by collectively defined borders protecting it from the public eye, or those advocating the recognition of private property rights on personal data, have been less successful in shaping policy out comes.The advent and spread of networked computers have not directly determined the evolution of theobject that is protected by the right to privacy. It is, rather, the perceptions a group of actors had of computers, that caused such an evolution. Convinced that their liberal conception of privacy issocially valuable, they managed to craft a new legal category during the 1970’s in Europe: the right to the protection of personal data. The GDPR, adopted in 2016, just like Web standards aiming at enhancing the protection of privacy, rely those same principles that were invented during these early debates. Therefore, it can be said that the emergence of computers has indeed, but indirectly, been a triggering factor in the evolution of “privacy” defined as the object protected by the right to privacy
Carré, Marie-Noëlle. "Gouverner la métropole par les déchets : Service urbain, action publique territoriale et écologie urbaine à Buenos Aires." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01054708.
Full textLupsea, Maria-octavia. "Contribution to the environmental impact assessment of buildings : numerical modelling of dangerous substances’ release to water." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0007/document.
Full textAny construction product and building undergoing contact with water during its life cycle can release chemical compounds potentially hazardous for the human health and the environment. The release of dangerous substances is presently investigated especially by experimental approaches commonly by laboratory leaching tests while the environmental impacts of construction products and buildings are evaluated by a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The dangerous substances release during use stage of construction products (leaching behaviour) is currently very poorly represented in the existing data bases and methods for environmental assessment of construction products and buildings.In this context, the main objectives of this study were: (i) to develop a methodology for the assessment of the leaching behaviour of various construction products and (ii) to integrate the leaching data in LCA approach at building scale. The methodology developed for the assessment of the leaching behaviour of construction products is based on: (1) characterisation leaching tests at lab scale, following the horizontal standardised assessment methods for harmonised approaches relating to dangerous substances under the Construction Products Regulation (CPR), (2) modelling and simulation of coupled chemical and transport phenomena at lab and field scale, and (3) utilisation of simulated leaching data for the construction products exposed in natural condition with the LCA method for the characterization of the hazardous effect during the use stage. The proposed methodology was applied and validated on three different classical construction products i.e. CBA (Copper-Boron-Azole) treated wood, fibre-cement sheets and bitumen membranes. The leaching behaviour of CBA treated wood and fibre-cement sheets was simulated over several years under natural exposure conditions, using the geochemical software PHREEQC. The chemical models consider both the mineral and the organic matrixes and their interaction with treatmentcompounds. Mass transfer and transport phenomena were modelled. The developed coupled chemical-transport models are able to represent the dynamic leaching behaviour of the respective products in various leaching conditions. For bitumen membranes only experimental characterisation was possible. The leaching data obtained by simulation over the whole use stage of the products were integrated in the life cycle inventory (LCI) and the relevant life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods were applied with the enriched inventory. A simplified single-family house was modelled using a software designed to evaluate the intrinsic environmental performances of a building over its entire life cycle. ELODIE software was used in this work. The building scale assessment methodology is based on coupling the methodology developed for the product scale with the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) at building scale. This methodology allows a proper integration of leaching data in LCA tools and answers several technical questions raised in the field
Viavattene, Christophe. "Exploitation socio-économique de la modélisation souterraine du transfert des nitrates à l'échelle du bassin de la Seine." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001750.
Full textBénos, Rémi. "Patrimonialisation de la montagne et action publique territorialisée : la politique "Grand site" dans le massif du Canigou." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694209.
Full textGuerlet, Grégory. "La gestion des ports par une entite publique : aspects européens et environnementaux." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983306.
Full textAbou, Warda-Khazen Maissoun. "Efficacité environnementale des documents locaux d'urbanisme : application aux bruits routiers dans les communes franciliennes et algéroises." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936964.
Full textGey, Adrien. "L'évolution des rapports ville nature dans la pensée et la pratique aménagistes : la consultation internationale du Grand Paris." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002384.
Full textAyadi-Hajji, Habiba. "Outils de gestion de la pollution phytosanitaire diffuse au niveau d'un territoire : cas d'application zone humide Ramsar de la Merja Zerga au Maroc." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978747.
Full textChartin, Caroline. "Effet de l'évolution du parcellaire agricole sur la redistribution des sols et la morphologie des versants cultivés - exemple du Sud-Ouest du bassin parisien." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643554.
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