Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Société nationale de l'Acadie'
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Koblentz, Catherine. "La Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale et les inventeurs 1824-1844." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0135.
Full textWhen the Society for Encouragement for national industry was founded in 1801, its main objective was to contribute to improving ail sectors of French « industry » commerce, agriculture, and the Fine Arts as well as industry strictly speaking. To achieve this goal, the Society suggests encouraging the circulation of the knowledge by putting ail the potential industrial actors in contact with each other for a better association of theory and practice, and to make existing discoveries more widely known in order to stimulate new discoveries. The object of this study is to estimate the contributions, the influences, the various faces of the commitments of the Society for Encouragement for national industry in the support of the invention and the inventors with or without patents and in France between 1824 and 1844. This work also tries to enlighten the way this learned society influenced the élaboration of the new law of 1844 relative to patents
Tolède, Olivia. "Une sécession française : la Société nationale des beaux-arts (1889-1903)." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100151.
Full textThis study tells the story of the Société nationale des beaux-arts and of its Salons in France, from its foundation in 1890 till its decline at the turn of the century. It analyses the major upheaval initiated by the new institution on the national and international artistic stages in a context of liberalisation of artistic stakeholders. Based on newly discovered archives, it brings a new light on the circumstances of its creation following the scission within the Société des artistes français. The close examination of the undertaken reforms (cooptation of elitist members, jury rotation, unlimited number of works, private exhibitions, careful presentation of works) reveals a modern conception of the Salon exhibition, supporting all arts from painting to architecture including newly admitted decorative arts. Information about the exhibitors from 1890 to 1905 were exploited through a database, enabling for the first time an exhaustive insight on their taking part in the Nationale’s Salons and enhancing a cosmopolite elite mostly composed of North-European and American artists. Taking into account its repercussions in France and Europe, notably on the Munich, Vienna and Berlin Secessions, the hitherto unrecognised Société nationale des beaux-arts can be considered as the first significant artistic Secession and as the spearhead of the European Secessionist movement. This study reveals the action of deeply involved artists, such as Ernest Meissonier, Puvis de Chavannes or Guillaume Dubufe
Doé, de Maindreville Florence. "Les quatuors à cordes français joués à la Société Nationale entre 1887 et 1910." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040168.
Full textMoussavou, Alexandre. "L’impact de l'ALENA sur la société et l'économie mexicaine vu à travers la presse nationale." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100206.
Full textThis work analyses the social-economic results of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) through the Mexican press. The good health of commercial performances contrast with the social effects. Indeaded, the increase of social and salarial inequalities and the persistence of the poverty represent the characteristics and consequences of the current economic crisis. This crisis also translates the supplantation of the formal employment by informal participants. This situation leads to the deterioration of the Mexican social cloth more thon modest household standard of living. The degradation of work conditions, the Jack opportunities and the remunerations disparities between Mexico and United States generates the phenomenon of Mexican emigration towards northern American. The tremendous economic contrast and human development indicators between northern states and southern ones perpetuates the regional imbalance of the terms of exchange. The recrudescence of the social violence translates a pain that takes root in the Mexican economic cloth, even to smaller scales, due to the fart of the commercial- opening. The Trade exchanges do not sustain human and democratic values
Archondoulis-Jaccard, Nelly. "La représentation des élites (bourgeoisie et aristocratie) dans les salons de peinture parisiens entre 1880 et 1914 (Exposition nationale des Beaux-Arts, Société des Artistes français, Société nationale des Beaux-Arts) : analyse d'un goût social." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010577.
Full textVezyroglou, Dimitri. "Essence d'une nation : cinéma, société et idée nationale en France à la fin des années vingt." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010651.
Full textAloui, Amel. "Le changement organisationnel et la communication, le cas de la Société nationale des chemins de fer tunisiens." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ53918.pdf.
Full textStephanie-victoire, Noémie. "Les marchés de la SNCF depuis la création de RFF." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131039.
Full textNouari, Tayeb. "La restructuration organique des sociétés nationales algériennes : le cas de la Sonacome." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D320.
Full textKahlat, Said. "Espace social du travail et industrialisation : le cas de la société algérienne de construction mécanique S.O.N.A.C.O.M.E." Aix-Marseille 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985AIX2XXXX.
Full textWarsilah, Henny. "Genèse et composantes de la société nationale indonésienne : le processus d’intégration sociale en milieu urbain : l’exemple de Kemayoran, Jakarta central." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010555.
Full textTóth, Ferenc. "Ascension sociale et identité nationale : intégration de l'immigration hongroise dans la société française au cours du XVIIIe siècle (1692-1815)." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040165.
Full textThis work is an analysis of the factors of the integration of Hungarian immigrants into French society in the 18th century. This immigration was first of all military and political; it was born of the Hungarian political opposition movements. These Hungarian soldiers constituted some hussar regiments in the royal French army. The success of the little war's tactic contributed to the proliferation of hussar regiments in Europe. The matrimonial alliances facilitated the Hungarian elite's settling and his integration into French nobility. The literary production of the Hungarians reveals different aspects of the part they played in cultural field. The work finally turns to the problem of the national identity of immigrants in the period of the Enlightenment
Tahata, Yumiko. "Qu'est-ce qu'un Français ? : La construction et les effets de la "francité" dans la société française contemporaine." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE2012/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses the construction of the idea of prototypical French – Frenchness – and its social effects on the categorization of individuals. The aim of this research is to take the French majority as an object of study in the same way as minority groups, and to highlight the logics of the production of figures of « internal otherness » (those who are viewed as not or not totally French). The study relies on the data from two types of investigations: political discourse analysis, and ethnographic research on a specific institutional practice of integration. On the one hand, the analysis shows the transition from a figure of the French majority as a reference requiring no specific definition, to an ethnicized and specified French figure (“French-lineage French”). On the other hand, we observe that the criteria which define Frenchness converge into its civic dimension, with the effect of differentiating the populations in French society according to their commitment to or respect of “republican values”. This current conception of Frenchness forms the basis of the “welcome and integration contract”. Fieldwork on this program reveals the categorizations of “Us” and “Them” around the Frenchness implemented by the officials, and the various tactics of resistance and impression management employed by the signatories as a response to these categorizations
Ouellet, Anne-Marie. "REPÈRE ROUMAIN: UNE IDENTITÉ MISE EN RÉCIT COMME STRATÉGIE D'INSERTION ET DE RECONNAISSANCE DIRIGÉE VERS LA SOCIÉTÉ QUÉBÉCOISE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28313/28313.pdf.
Full textLe, Saulnier Guillaume. "La police nationale dans une société médiatisée : Des stratégies médiatiques de l'organisation aux usages et réceptions des médias par la profession." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020065.
Full textKalenda, Tshilumba. "La société nationale des chemins de fer du Zai͏̈re : étude d'une compagnie de transports dans un pays en voie de développement." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX23006.
Full textAt colonial times, passenger transports in zaire, then called belgian congo, were secondary services sold to the population at low fares by the big transport organizations because they earned their main income from freight services such as on one hand mining goods and food products to be exported and, on the other hand, imported products of any kinds. Nowadays, the analysis of the sncz traffic structure shows that freight traffic is strongly linked to passenger traffic. Moreover, one can notice that commercial exchanges between complementary agricultural production areas of north and south hemisphere (high zaire, equator. . Opposed to shaba, kasai) are almost unexistent white the mining cities of shaba are included in the economical life of south africa countries by means of the railway network and the asphalted road. To remedy to this situation, it is absolutely necessary to have a railway line from kindu to kisangani. The mining cities of shaba being dependent on foreign railway lines costs too much and shows the interest in connecting ilebo port to kinshasa by means of a railway track. At last, one notice that the agricultural regions participation in the national income is too weak compared to that of the town of kinshasa and shaba region because most villages are secluded for want of a road network in a good state. To sum it up, the improvement of passenger traffic, the building of north-south and east-west railway arteries as well as the development of a road network serving agricultural villages will establish a well-balanced economic structure both in the company and in the nation
Lunardi, Maria Elizabeth. "Le management de projet dans les entreprises publiques : une étude sur l'expérience de la Société nationale des chemins de fer - SNCF." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50374-2006-Lunardi.pdf.
Full textNabet, Agnès. "Les systèmes de gestion par la valeur : une analyse de leur impact sur les logiques de contrôle de deux groupes français." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090047.
Full textThe research presents a discussion on a theoretical hypothesis : "The putting in place of a system of Value Based Management involves and warrants the adoption of a control process the direction of which is shareholders based. The investigation had three aims : to clarify the concept of a Value Based Management system in the light of academic discussions (preVious research) and of corporate information (annual reports of the CAC 40 companies), to assess the effect of investor pressure on management direction and finally, to explain the direction of the control process. The results of the empirical study (Rhône Poulenc/Aventis and SNCF Participations) underline the importance of certain explanatory factors : corporate context, operational expertise of performance indicator techniques, need of legitimacy. Thereby, the perception of shareholder pressure and its importance are clarified. The context of a particular organisation determines in theory its structure, its methods of growth and its financing. These elernents intluence the choice of a ROI ratio. Furthermore, institutional investors financing the organisation have the most obvious impact bath strong and constant. The management of the components of ROI type indicators (result, assets, financing of investments) offers various scenarios favourable to shareholders. Thus, the greater the constraint on middle management, the more Value Based Management becomes unavoidable. Therefore, the system is linked to a process of shareholder driven direction of control. A Value Based Management System strengthens the control in an organisation (formal) and benefits the shareholders or others stakeholders, because it is socially legitimated (Informal). The dual character of the control process, both formal and informal (in part ideological), could in this way lead to a convergence of goals by individual results and by common values
Le, Lièvre Aurélie. "Communautés juives de São Paulo et intégration nationale brésilienne. Évolutions d’un paradigme." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030052.
Full textDuring the 20th century, nation building in Brazil has been thought through the prism of "racial democracy". This paradigm advocates a cultural and genetic population mix. It is accompanied by a projection into the future. Within this framework, the nation is never complete but eternally under construction. It is in this context that most of the Jewish population moved as immigrants to the city of São Paulo. In this thesis, we study the formation and transformation of the Jewish communities from São Paulo parallel to and in conjunction with the national integration process from their arrival to present day. A double dynamic is at play. We demonstrate that Jews make up the different communities whose modes of cohesion evolve: first organized according to criteria of inherited geographical and historical origins, now they coalesce around more objective and rational criteria such as religious practices and political points of view regarding national and international issues. These internal developments combine with a change in Brazilian national conception, which, as it gradually relinquishes the land of miscegenation, is progressing more and more clearly since the end of the military dictatorship towards recognition of minorities’ identities
Pageau, Stéphane. "La société organisée devant les élus. Portrait de l'évolution et mesures de la participation des groupes d'intérêt à l'Assemblée nationale du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27665/27665.pdf.
Full textPageau, Stéphane. "La société organisée devant ses élus : portrait de l'évolution et mesures de la participation des groupes d'intérêt à l'Assemblée nationale du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22183.
Full textCoëpel, Philippe. "Réseaux et sociabilités des élites françaises, au travers des institutions techniques, au début du XIXe siècle : le cas de la Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0104.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the various networks that led to the creation of the Société d'encouragement. Then, to evaluate the evolution of the social position of its leaders, the sociabilities that favoured the circulation of technical information between the "scientists", the engineers, the technicians, the industrialists and the officials of the administration, the men of power
Vazquez, Rodriguez José Manuel. "Etude d'une démarche de veille et mise en oeuvre d'un système de gestion de l'information pour l'analyse de l'environnement économique d'un groupe français de service : application à la SNCF." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0117.
Full textDavid, Gilles. "Les rôles des contrôleurs de gestion dans une entreprise en mutation." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090020.
Full textCauchon, Christophe. "La hiérarchie face aux réformes de la grande entreprise de service public en réseau et de son marché interne du travail : les cadres de la SNCF." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX24005.
Full textGuilloux, Marion. "Du sentiment d'insécurité aux comportements de vigilance dans les espaces de la SNCF." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT3026.
Full textPravdenko, Inna. "Artistic migration from Latin America to Paris : stories of nine exhibitors at the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts and some of their paintings." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3027.
Full textIn the nineteenth century Latin American painters were going to Europe in search of artistic perfection. Paris as the centre of modern art was one of the main destinations for intercontinental artistic migration. The artists from Latin American countries went to Paris to study in famous art schools and to participate in the Salon in order to prove their professional status and to begin their careers in the international arena. Many of them stayed in Europe, but they were usually ignored by French criticism and later, by modernist historiographies. These painters were pushed back to the periphery to which they belonged regardless of their geographical choices. The dissertation explores the trajectories of Latin American painters in Paris who participated in the Salons of the Société Nationale des Beaux-arts from 1890 to 1899 and revisits their position in the modern canon. The research starts with the general overview of the art system on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and goes from the investigation of artists’ places in national historiographies to the interpretation of their paintings. The multiple factors that shape the reception of the art from periphery are brought to light in order to see the painters erased from history and to find the ways to resist the domination of the master narrative in art history
Kawachi, Akiko. "Les artistes japonais à Paris durant les années 1920 : à travers le Salon de la Société des Artistes Français, le Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, le Salon d’Automne, le Salon de la Société des Artistes Indépendants et le Salon des Tuileries." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040188.
Full textDuring the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, not many Japanese artists settled in Paris. However, after the First World War, starting from 1920, a large number of Japanese artists arrived in France. In total two hundred and eight Japanese artists appeared in Parisian Salons during the decade between 1920 and 1929. Most of these artists choose Montparnasse district as their residence. In Paris those days, amongst artists who worked on oil painting called « yô-ga » we can distinguish three movements. The first circulated around Fujita Tsuguharu, a renowned artist who associated the Western painting and the traditional Japanese art. The second gathered a certain number of young artists, such as Saeki Yuzo, who were attracted by the Western painting and the modern painting of Montparnasse. The third movement was of an academic nature: as Kuroda Seiki did, artists were following the teaching of Paris Academies. Other artists choose the route of a more independent art, following the examples of Tanaka Yasushi, Hasegawa Kiyoshi or Oka Shikanosuke, but the number of these artists remains limited, same as those who practiced the technique of Japanese painting, i.e. « Nihon-ga », and also those who practiced sculpture, engraving, lacquer painting, and hangings. The result of going through the data of the documentation centres and photography funds in Japan and in France proves the importance of the presence of Japanese artists on the artistic scenes in Paris during the 1920’s and allows us to comprehend the motives and creations of these artists
Schmidt, Catherine. "Naissance de la gendarmerie nationale (1791-1801) : évolution de l'institution dans la décennie révolutionnaire : l'exemple du département du Gard." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010585/document.
Full textThe purpose of this study is based on the history on the history of the gendarmerie in the Gard department ; The local history is to understand the general history of the weapon. Our research is based on handwritten archives are correspondences between local authorities, letters between the state and the gendarmes, minutes, record, some petitions of the gendarmes. Riders of constabulary and the gendarmes comply with legislation from the past and obey the news. But the revolution distinguishes the police powers of the powers of justice. We must design institutions capable of ensuring implementation. When is the publication of laws and dissemination ? The gendarmes obey the law. The gendarmes should enforce the law and enforce it. How to disable the summary execution of a person during a riot of subsistence ? Our work : the birth of the gendarmerie in the Gard is divided into four parts. At first, I tried to answer the questions raised by the implementation of police stations in the Gard. Through the reading of the leases, we could deepen the role of the Attorney General Griolet which manages the law enforcement. County Administrator, it manages the daily gendarmes. The second part remains a central focus of our work, it covers the salaries of gendarmes and their herses. It is with them that they do daily tours on the highways. Thermidorian Convention and the Executive despite the dire economic conditions do not give the gendarmes. ln the third part I attached to demonstrate the interaction of the gendannes and political events. The Convention is notified of the suspicions behavior of the gendarmes. ln the army of the Rhine, the challenge is manifested by the desertion of the gendarmes. They leave without returning to their department, without herses, without a coat. These returns cause misunderstanding. The Nacquard colonel accused of federalism, it is emprisoned. The last part focuses on the actions of the gendarmes. Their intervention is central to the maintenance of order and the enforcement of laws. lt is a work that emerges from ordinary and extraordinary service. ln conclusion, the gendarmerie is definitely integrated into the army, it loses its independence and remains subject to executive power
Yengo, Patrice. ""De la conférence nationale aux disparus du Beach" : histoire et anthropologie de la guerre civile du Congo-Brazzaville." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0120.
Full textThis thesis explores the relevance of the application in a post-colonial state of the concept of "civil war" like total social fact. With the intention, the study privileges a trans-disciplinary approach even if it remains marked deeply by the history and anthropology. It is based on the example of Congo-Brazzaville which was, from 1993 to 2002, a theater of a long civil war cut out in three large phases - 1993-1994, 1997 and of 1998 to 2002- bringing into play three political personalities and various armed bodies (military, militia, etc. ). These phases were not examined in an isolated way but overall from a point of view which integrates, as well, the changes on a global level that regional, the play of internal alliances and the oil issues involving the Elf company. This thesis is organized in three great parts. The first one investigates the "civil war" in the general context of the globalization and the end of the "cold war". The second part analyzes, starting from the Congolese national conference of 1990, the failure of the process of democratization. The third, finally, apprehends inherent logic with the three phases of the "civil war" which culminates by the return of the former president to the power. The conclusion opens a general comparative prospect where the "civil war" appears, not only like an internal military opposition within the elites for the conquest of the State power, but primarily like a process of conspiracy against the "citizenship". Thus, the civil war in Congo can be analyzed like a "démocide"
Lamming, Clive. "Évolution des politiques de traction et des techniques de traction à la SNCF." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040318.
Full textAs a technical system, railways have been placed, for more than 170 years, at a connection of "tributary techniques" and of "technical lignes", this giving to them an exceptionnal tell-tate status in the fie4ld of history of technology. Amongst railway engineering, traction technologies and policies are a privileged interface between the industrial and economical world, on one hand, and on the other, the proper railway world. In a prospect of an analysis of the dynamics, this research shows how traction technologies, in the very heart of railway engineering, evolve under the push of economic, industrial, political, social and even knowledge (engineers cultures and knowhow) thrusts. As an outstanding place of innovation in the field of railway engineering, traction technologies incorporate a maximum of outside technologies and dispatch them all over the other railway fields, depending too on these other fields. Traction technologies know, thus, what we would call a "regulated innovation", this being in the same time induced (by public authorities, research, engineer designs, economic push) and restrained (by a difficult insertion in a heavy and old pre-existing technical system, the inertia of the railway system, or cultural resistances, or financial limits, etc). Traction technologies do not only cosist of locomotive and multiple unit building, and of running these, they are, too, a product of economy and an actor in the field of economy. .
Marcos, Nicolas. "Modélisation et optimisation de la gestion du matériel roulant à la SNCF." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132023.
Full textPonnet, Marie. "Les relations de sous-traitance et leurs effets sur la sûreté et la sécurité dans deux entreprises : SNCF et GrDF." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3038.
Full textBecause of economical processes that tend to move the frontiers of firms salaried relations of uncertain status are found coexisting inside the very same working world. From a qualitative investigation mixing employees' interviews and observations made on SNCF and GrDF working sites our research offers to think about the relations linking subcontracting, maintenance, safety and security. Considering subcontracting as a particular way for professional bodies to be associated allows us to wonder about its effects within a same firm (the "integrated" subcontracting) as much as between a principal and a provider. Our thesis shows that when change occurs inside the organization — like the creation of new committees of experts or the reorganizing of an old service — security and safety can be impacted because thus professional bodies tend to be reconfigured while modifications affect practices, professional identities and work division. The relations between subcontractors and principal are complicated and their consequences depend from the context they are placed in, determined by a combination of various characteristics such as the confidence level, the available time, the reputation, the position occupied by the subcontractor. Our investigation makes clear that there is no direct link between subcontracting, security and safety. Their effects, in spite of their reality, are submitted to the altering mediation of legal factors (related to economic national and European issues) and concern the working organization as well as the professional identities
Sekkoum, Ounessa. "Les difficultés de l'industrialisation : cas de l'Algérie : étude de la politique de la gestion du personnel de la Société nationale de sidérurgie sur le site d'Annaba." Lyon 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO22009.
Full textIn algeria, the process of industrialisation fostered a strong movment of equipements and techniques. The lack of qualified people created difficulties as far as mastering imported techniques is concerned. But the level of mecanisation and integration of working machines inside the units of production is not enough for driving an indeft analysis about the non mastering process of imported techniques. Actually, this techniques are embodied in the practical conditions of conceptions and production of their inderground logic : the capitalist system. Therefore the workorganisation is in fact imported with the techniques. The thesis of techniques autonomy in relation to society is becoming more and more doubtful
Roy, Mathieu. "MATHIAS E. MNYAMPALA (1917-1969) : POÉSIE D'EXPRESSION SWAHILIE ET CONSTRUCTION NATIONALE TANZANIENNE." Phd thesis, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales- INALCO PARIS - LANGUES O', 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778667.
Full textXu, Dongxiang. "Du nationalisme au conservatisme : les groupes intellectuels associés à l’« essence nationale » en Chine (vers 1890-1940)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH154.
Full textThis dissertation examines three “conservative” associations of the “national essence” circle: the National Essence School founded in 1905, the Southern Society created in 1909 and the Critical Review Group established in 1921. National essence designates the quintessence of Chinese traditional culture. In the Late-Qing revolutionary context, the National Essence School and the Southern Society theorized this concept to shape nationalism from two directions. At the societal level, nationalist expectations were expressed in various social forms, such as intermediate associations, and a social enlightenment movement was undertaken to liberate people from traditional familial and political constraints. This liberty was expected to be reconciled with responsibilities towards the nation. At the institutional level, the two associations incorporated traditional culture into reforms inspired by Western liberal politics, like democracy, separation of power and rule of law. National essence was this regenerated traditional culture, used to solidarize the nation and to model China’s future political system. The Critical Review Group, situated in a different historical context, inheritated this nationalist rhetoric. However, this ideal of nationalism came to be seen as conservative during the May Fourth era, because certain activists advocated a clean break with tradition. Conservatism in this period is formulated as a reaction against the young generation’s perceived disregard for responsibilities in the pursuit of liberty, the denial of the political utility of traditional culture by the May Fourth intellectuals, but also as a response to the national crisis and the First World War, leading some to question the merits of Western civilization. The meaning of national essence for the members of the three associations thus diversified. Although the concept was still used to federate and discipline the people and to inform the political reforms, national essence no longer necessarily incorporated Western liberal politics. According to the way in which national essence was translated into concrete political projects, conservatism of the Republican era can be divided into four types: liberal conservatism that continued to advocate liberal elements of Chinese tradition and Western liberal politics; anti-modern conservatism that appealed to a socio-political system in line with China’s agrarian and communitarian culture; philosophical conservatism that emphasized the utility of Confucian values of elitism, social hierarchy and doctrine of the mean in rectifying excessive liberty and political corruption and authoritarian conservatism that mobilized the most repressive elements of Confucianism, like supremacy of the leader, absolute obedience to superiors and political tutelage, to oppose liberalism during the Nanjing decade
Quessette, Laurent. "Au croisement de l'État, du service public et du marché : recherches sur les chemins de fer en droit administratif français." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10038.
Full textThe birth and the development of the railroads in France are understood at the same time by the continuation of the movement of centralization of the territory operated by the State, and the expansion without precedent of the capitalist economy, which saw emergence, as from the XIXth century, of the mode of the concessions and the intervention of the public power. With the explosion of the exchanges and ways, a political control of these flows appeared. As from IIIrd Republic, the role of the State evolving on social matters, the rail was gradually led to become a public line of business. Nationalization operated in 1937, by creating the National company of the railroads, and the passage, in 1983, of the statute of company of mixed economy to that of industrial and commercial public corporation, seems to reinforce this tendency. But the behaviour of company adopted by the SNCF, in particular starting from the reform of 1971, leads to a difficult conciliation between requirements which appear increasingly contradictory. In this direction, the influence of European integration was decisive being the questioning of the monopoly of the SNCF, the opening to the competition of the rail networks and the appareance of a new railway regulation. In this configuration, the maintenance of the railway public service seems to depend on the will of the regional councils, within the framework of railway regionalization, and the financial support of the State for the money-losing lines which continue to answer an general interest. These are theses movements that this thesis intends to analyze
Meier-Hirmer, Carolina Evelyn. "Modèles et techniques probabilistes pour l'optimisation des stratégies de maintenance : application au domaine ferroviaire." Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0314.
Full textThe French railway company SNCF wants to increase the efficiency of the maintenance of infrastructure components. Track and catenary maintenance are two of the most expensive tasks to accomplish. Concerning track maintenance, the costs of interventions are very high, while overhead line incidents have a strong impact on regularity. The time necessary for the electric power supply recovery can indeed rise up to several hours. At the same time, the significant number of installed components also increases the maintenance costs. This work presents probabilistic models that allow, for the two applications chosen, to improve the preventive maintenance of the railway infrastructure. Concerning track degradation we propose several methods developed to optimise tamping and ballast replacement on long term. All methods introduced are based on three underlying models : a stochastic track geometry degradation model, an estimation of the maintenance operation benefit and a deterministic cost model. Using this type of modelling, it is possible to compare the generated costs of different maintenance strategies while accounting for the uncertainty that exists on the geometrical development of the track. It is also possible to optimise the costs of track maintenance with respect to parameters of interest. Three extensions of this basic model are proposed for a further improvement of the approximation of the complex system of track maintenance. These modifications are based on expert knowledge. The numerical methods applied are described. Though increasing computation time, the extended models remain faster than simulations of track life cycles. We analyse the lifetime distribution under real stress for the catenary components. A method based on Markov chains and Markov jump processes is used for the estimation. In a second approach based on more detailed data, we apply techniques for lifetime analysis. The results of the two methods are compared. We propose a technique for the optimisation of the regeneration cycle of catenary components
Le, Bris Sophie. "Improvisation vs (meta)règles : effets sur la fiabilité d'une organisation hautement fiable : le cas d'une équipe passerelle dans la Marine nationale." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065767.
Full textEdarhoubi, Mohamed. "Les politiques de formation aux langues étrangères en Libye, à l'exemple du français (1969 à 2016) : enjeux didactiques et de société en contexte de transition nationale et d'ouverture internationale." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT2003.
Full textIt is widely acknowledged nowadays that proficiency in foreign languages is increasingly important for the development of exchanges and openness to the world. Any country that disregards this general trend will be marginalized, and Libya is no exception to the rule. Though lying at a strategic geographical location, this country, following the Arab conquest, has retained no lasting imprint of the presence of the many foreign languages and cultures it has known throughout its history. These foreign cultures, which were generally imposed, have nevertheless had sometimes adverse consequences on the representations and attitudes towards the Other. Thus, after some positive initiatives under the monarchy (1951-1969), the policy of the state, in a display of nationalism and anticolonialism during the dictatorship, considered that the issue of foreign languages was a ground where some easy political 'victories' could be won. Advocating a reappropriation of Arabic and an Arab-Muslim culture, the regime developed, to the point of caricature, an exclusively monolingual and monocultural approach. These issues have received very little attention from researchers, whether Western or Libyan. The starting-point for the present research is the current situation of the teaching of French in Libya. Personal experience as a student and then as a teacher at the Language Faculty of the University of Tripoli gave a first glimpse of the adverse effects of the many structural weaknesses of the system on learners’ motivation and skills level. After first describing the general and academic situation in order to contextualize the study, this research examines the language and training policies developed by Libya since its independence and compares them with the requirements of modernity, in the hope that stability will be restored to the country. This research is complemented by a field survey conducted among Libyan teachers and students of French, which aims to gain insight into their assessment of the current state of affairs, their expectations and needs. This two-pronged approach leads me to put forward a certain number of proposals for rebuilding teacher training in French as a Foreign Language, and more generally in foreign languages, taking their social functions into account, in particular the broadening of cultural horizons
Lynch, Édouard. "Le Parti socialiste (SFIO) et la société paysanne durant l'entre-deux-guerres : idéologie, politique agricole et sociabilité politique (1914-1940)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0002.
Full textBucaille, Laetitia. "Les chebab de l'Intifada face à l'Autorité palestinienne : pouvoir et société dans la Bande de Gaza autonome, 1994-1997." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0039.
Full textDuring the summer 1994, the Palestinian Autonomy is set up on a part of the territories occupied by Israel since 1967. The Palestinian Authority concentrates on canalysing the violence of the intifada's chebab and on using it for its own benfit. Even if the chebab are just executants, especially in the security services, the Authority builds up its legitimacy by obtaining their support. Islamists are facing an efficient military system and they are excluded from a neo-patrimonial network. Hamas believes he can pursue at the same time armed struggle against Israel and its integration on the Palestinian Autonomy's political scene. These two orientations show the difficulty for Hamas to surmount the inherent contradictions among diverse kinds of its supporters. Though, in the long term, Hamas can exploit different excluded social groups'unsatisfiedness. A core group inside the Palestinian Autonomy bases its force on dealing with the Israeli restrictions on economic exchanges and security regulations. These prerogatives allow this core group to dominate the political, economic and social scene and to marginalise the political forces and the ancient elites
Sacriste, Valérie. "Société et publicité : eenquête sur l'imaginaire social de l'automobile de 1899 à 1999 à travers la publicité Renault." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H067.
Full textGouliyeva, Vafa. "Développement linguistique et transformations sociales et politiques : le cas de l'azerbaïdjanais moderne." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072532.
Full textMalaquin, Mathieu. "Relation de service et rôle de l'encadrement : le cas de la maintenance du matériel roulant à la SNCF." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090064.
Full textSince two decades the SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer) has been confronted to a changing system of competition in wich it has expanded itself. The French historical national railway company turned on new competitivity levers thus providing a new definition of the maintenance contribution to the performance transport services. The neo industrial means of production which prevail during the Fordist period are challenged by a conception of services pivoting on the concept of services relationship. This evolution questions the management support whose task is now less to organise and manage the labor division than to adapt the service of maintenance to conditions of use of the railway equipment. The organisational logic moves from a planning scheme to adjustment enablement with the appearance of tensions within the management support. In order to bypass these resistance, the railway company will have to think over one’s tools and pratices through non material investments
Garit, Eusébia. "Alfred Agache (1843-1915) : un langage symbolique en marge du symbolisme." Lille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL30011.
Full textBorn in Lille in 1843, Alfred Agache was destined to make a career inthe family business. He soon lost interest, however, as his artistic sensibility was being developed by the assiduous study of music. His vocation as a painter became apparent during a voyage he made between 1872 and 1874, ending in the Far East. The encounter with cultures that were rich in art and history was to form an inexhaustible source of inspiration. On his return, a brief time spent in academic pursuits directed him definitively toward painting. In 1879, he submitted to the Salon in Paris a landscape of his native region ; but the following year his genre was abandonned for representations to the human figure. He proved to be particularly gifted for portaits, most of which were feminine, presented in somber, enigmatic settings accentuated by symbols copied from the allegorical style. A regular exhibitor at the Salons of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts – of which he was one of the founders – Agache met esteem, success, honors and renow from the critics, the public and his peers. His talent as well as the originality that pervades his canvases, making tem unclassifiable and novel, were acknowledged by all. Inspired of the idealism that was, in reaction to naturalism, impregnating art at the end of the Nineteeth Century, Agache's paintings raise questions and fascinate but defy analysis as well as all attempts at aesthetic categorization. Placed within the historico-artistic context, the first part of this thesis recounts the life and career of Alfred Agache ; the second, analyses the aesthetic features of his work which seems to have succeeded in joining itself with pictorial symbolism
Morabito, Angelo, and Angelo Morabito. "La construction nationale italienne dans le miroir français. Représentations croisées des "Pères de la Patrie italienne" en France du Printemps des Peuples à la Grande Guerre (1848-1914)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00855816.
Full textTankoua, Roméo. "Criminalité et justice pénale dans l'espace CEMAC : de l'expérience nationale à l'ouverture communautaire du droit criminel." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA024.
Full textThe dynamics of economic integration in CEMAC’s region is based on free movement of people, goods and capital. Helped by the opening of the borders, people are free to move from one country to another for economic and security reasons. This is the consequence of instability in many countries such as Central African Republic, Chad and Congo. The major problem is that, how to manage delinquency specially the prevention or the repression of the national and the cross border criminality? In fact, it is nowadays advisable not to allow the countries which are welcoming foreigners to behave as a paradise in such a way that, those who have troubled the national order should not be punished. Even though at the national level there are still some misunderstandings concerning the criminal law. At the national level and particularly as far as Cameroon is concerned, the main aim which is to fight against criminality has many problems, especially modernity way through which our court is passing. According to the Cameroon (new Code of criminal procedure of july 2005), CAR (two new codes, penal and criminal procedure, 2010) and Chad (Prajust, 2008) . As far as community is concerned, CEMAC has really specialize, in police cooperation, which is necessary to over pass all the transgression, which are caused by social nuisants. Actually, the legislator can capitalize the expertise of OHADA’s book, and open himself to European Union experience
Luglia, Rémi. "L'émergence de la protection de la nature en France (1854-1939) : la Société d’acclimatation, témoin et acteur du courant naturaliste." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0011.
Full textHe aim of this thesis is to explain the emergence of the conservation of nature in France from the mid-19th century while highlighting the naturalists a specific movement. The ‘Société d’Acclimatation’ was born in 1854 with the utilitarian idea that nature is submitted to man’s needs. It knows a Golden Age before being deeply touched, from the 1880’s, by an internal crisis which favors the arrival of Edmond Perrier as the chairman, a truly convinced conservationist, speeds up at the same time its reorientation towards the conservation of nature. From the beginning, many ways lead a great number of members to a kind of conservation mainly thought from a metropolitan point of view of the situation. From a scientific hands-on approach mixing professionals and amateurs, a new scientific, ecosystemic and biocentred conception of the conservation of nature emerges. The ‘Société’ relies on the state to set up this conservation, successive failures lead it gradually to the more direct action of creating natural reserves. This slow movement becomes effective through the individualisation of an ornithological sub group (‘Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux’) and the preservation in 1912 of the Sept-Îles, the organisation of the first two international congresses for the conservation of nature in Paris in 1923 and 1931, the creation of the sanctuaries in Camargue in 1927, of Néouvielle in 1935 and of Lauzanier in 1936 as well as a group dedicated to the conservation of nature in 1933. The transformation ends after WWII when the ‘Société d'Acclimatation’ becomes the ‘Société nationale de protection de la nature’
Laglaive, Frédéric. "Validité structurale des cinq grands facteurs de personnalité appelés "Big Five" dans un contexte professionnel : le cas des agents de la Surveillance Générale à la Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (SNCF)." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H050.
Full textFive major factors known as the "Big Five" are on the way to becoming the international standard among traits models. Indeed, for the past 10 years or so, a considerable number of publications have put forward arguments in favour of these factors, their use in applied research being an important one. Occupational psychology has taken advantage of them, especially in criterion-related validity studies. However, the inadequacy of these five factors to predict occupational performance in an optimal way has been proved, adding to the general criticism which include the lexical origin with the preponderant part played by adjectives. Within this framework, the relevance of the five factor model in organizations is questioned particularly its capacity to explain statistically (by means of confirmatory factor analysis) individual differences in occupational performance. From self-ratings of a railway police sample (N=335) based on contextualized behaviours, and following a psychometric approach, the lack of structural validity of the Big Five is shown in the environment under study (using various fit indices). The subjects' tendency to present themselves in a favourable light was taken into consideration and did not modify this result ; the very high correlations found between the five factors support the idea that the structure imposed by them does not suit at all the ratings collected. The exploratory factor analysis conducted on items corroborates this : seven factors, almost independent and specific to the occupation examined, emerged. The significance of the results for the criterion-related validity of personality traits is discussed, notably in light of recent knowledge regarding work performance