Journal articles: 'Societa' rurali'

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Bouquet, Emmanuelle. "Construir un sistema financiero para el desarrollo rural en México. Nuevos papeles para el Estado y la sociedad civil." Revista Trace, no. 52 (July 6, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.52.2007.338.

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La problemática del artículo es la definición de los papeles para el Estado y la sociedad civil en el proceso de construir sistemas financieros adaptados a las necesidades de la población agrícola y rural en los países en desarrollo. Se presenta una reseña de la evolución en el paradigma de las finanzas rurales ocurrida en los últimos veinte años en el ámbito internacional, y se aplica este marco de análisis de las políticas públicas al caso de México.Abstract: The article addresses the issue of defining the appropriate roles for the State and civil society in the process of building financial systems tailored to the needs of agricultural and rural populations in developing countries. It offers a review of how the rural finance paradigm has evolved in the last twenty years, and applies this policy analysis framework to the case of Mexico.Résumé : L’article aborde la question de la répartition des rôles de l’État et la société civile dans le processus de construction de systèmes financiers adaptés aux nécessités des populations agricoles et rurales dans les pays en développement. Il propose une revue des évolutions qui ont marqué le paradigme de la finance rurale dans les vingt dernières années, et applique ce cadre d’analyse des politiques publiques au cas du Mexique.

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Chang, Kyung-Sup. "RURALISM IN CHINA: REINTERPRETATION OF POST-COLLECTIVE DEVELOPMENT." International Journal of Asian Studies 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2005): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591405000148.

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This paper reinterprets the societal nature of Chinese rural development by introducing the concept of ruralism. By ruralism, extending Edward Said's epistemology, I denote all those social, cultural, political, and economic ideas and actions about rural peoples and places that have been devised and implemented by urban-based elite groups to justify urban-centered programs of economic and social transformation and necessitate self-negating changes (and non-changes) in rural people's everyday life. Ruralism has much more to do with the interests of urban economic, political, and social groups than with the realities of rural people's life. However, it exerts a formidable self-fulfilling power by inducing and coercing rural people to comply with the specific ways of thinking, acting, and relating described or, more precisely, prescribed therein. Ironically, communist China, which had been built through an agrarian social revolution, presents a particularly pertinent case of ruralist (under)development. The suppression of nonagricultural activities and geographic mobility, the compulsory concentration in grain production, and the forced social, political, and economic autarky (or self-reliance in euphemism) all presupposed a stagnant, introverted, and austere mode of existence on the part of Chinese peasants. Therefore, many of the particular characteristics of peasant life in the collective era were ruralist inventions and reinventions which Chinese peasants were neither accustomed to nor pleased with. In many respects, post-Mao rural reform has been a process of undoing – and thereby unlearning – the ruralist policies and practices of the collective era. Such undoing, more unexpectedly than expectedly, came to release the enormous developmental potential of autonomous peasant families in agricultural, industrial, and tertiary economic activities. But the undoing of ruralism is in no sense complete, and even new elements of ruralism have been added during the reform process.

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Kučerová, E. "European Society for Rural Sociology." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 7 (March 2, 2012): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5408-agricecon.

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Querol, Vicent A., and Xavier Ginés Sànchez. "La participació dels espais rurals en la sostenibilitat ambiental. Anàlisi dels discursos d’iniciatives productives en el context rural de Castelló." Disjuntiva. Crítica de les Ciències Socials 1, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/disjuntiva2020.1.2.2.

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Els espais rurals han estat cridats a jugar un paper central en la lluita per pal· liar els efectes del canvi climàtic. La categorització exògena que ha dividit i separat la natura de la societat i la cultura ha tingut efectes negatius sobre la relació entre les poblacions rurals i les institucions que han de vetlar per la sostenibilitat ambiental. Aquest article es planteja l’anàlisi d’iniciatives productives que, des de les àrees rurals de Castelló, hem identificat amb el concepte de Nova Ruralitat i de quina manera els seus discursos harmonitzen amb la sostenibilitat ambiental. L’enfocament teòric revisa un marc on s’exposen les accions del conservacionisme propi de les àrees protegides i del desenvolupament rural, com també les noves concepcions que reforcen els enfocaments que donen veu i valor a les mirades des del rural. I això sense perdre de vista un context institucional supralocal que concentra serveis i infraestructures a les ciutats al temps que genera normatives que segueixen desequilibrant el territori valencià. El bastiment d’una ciutadania rural conscient del canvi climàtic alhora que esperonada a la participació en els processos institucionals esdevé una de les claus d’una sostenibilitat ambiental que ha de recolzar-se sobre una altra sostenibilitat: la social al rural. | Rural areas have been called to play a central role in the fight to mitigate the effects of climate change. The exogenous categorization that has divided and separated nature from society and culture had negative effects on the relation between rural dwellers and the Institutions that supposed to look after environmental sustainability.

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Davida Pizzigoni, Francesca. "The «Bollettino delle bibliotechine rurali» of zia Mariú a children’s magazine called to build society through books ." RIHC. Revista Internacional de Historia de la Comunicación, no. 17 (2021): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/rich.2021.i17.05.

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In the Italy of the early twentieth century, the initiative created by zia Mariù (Paola Lombroso) and promoted through its organ of dissemination «Bollettino delle bibliotechine rurali» manages to provide over 1000 rural schools with a small school library. This action, carried out through the active commitment of other children, on one hand has the power to affect the society, on the other hand initiating an action of great "active citizenship" by children and, finally, interrupting the condition of extreme poverty and marginality in which rural schools lived in. The article aims to present the initiative through the writings of zia Mariù herself and in particular through the pages of the «Bollettino delle bibliotechine rurali», identifying the role of this communication instrument compared to the success of the project.

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Thomas, Marcel. "Making a Town: Urbanity, Rurality, and the Politics of Place in Ebersbach (Fils), 1945-1989." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 6 (December 26, 2016): 1062–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144216683157.

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Histories of modern society have often relied on a static understanding of urbanity and rurality that views both terms as inherent characteristics of places, divided along the fault lines of modernity and tradition. This article uses the example of Ebersbach (Fils), a small town in Southwest Germany, to explore urbanity and rurality as discourses through which different societal actors tried to shape the development of localities. When Ebersbach tripled its population in the first two postwar decades, local planning elites tried to redefine the industrial village as “urban” to promote its role in the rapidly modernizing West German society. Local residents, however, often challenged these plans to stay in control of the transformation of their hometown. It will thus be demonstrated that what it meant to be urban or rural became a key question in contests over the direction and outcomes of social change in modern society.

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Chatani, Sayaka. "The Ruralist Paradigm: Social Work Bureaucrats in Colonial Korea and Japan's Assimilationism in the Interwar Period." Comparative Studies in Society and History 58, no. 4 (September 27, 2016): 1004–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417516000517.

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AbstractHow did the Japanese Empire, while adamantly adhering to assimilationism, manage the politics of colonial difference in the interwar years? How should we situate the seemingly exceptional conduct of Japanese colonial rule from a comparative perspective? To examine these questions, this article analyzes the mindsets of mid-level colonial bureaucrats who specialized in social work. Social work became a major field of political contestation in the post-World War I period around the globe. Policies on social work tested colonial officials regarding their assumptions about state-society relationships and Japan's assimilationist goals. Their debates on social work reveal that by the end of the 1920s colonial officials in Korea had reached a tacit consensus to use a particular analytical lens and ideological goal that I call “ruralism.” In the ruralist paradigm, these officials viewed Korean society as consisting of “rural peasants” and understood Korean social problems as primarily “rural problems.” Ruralism was a product of many overlapping factors, including pressures to integrate colonial society into the imperial system, the empire-wide popularity of agrarian nationalism, global discourses that increasingly dichotomized the “rural” and the “industrial,” and the rivalry between the colonial government and the metropole. How social work officials re-conceptualized the colonial masses and attempted to engage with social problems under the rhetoric of assimilationism showed a similar dynamic to the “developmental colonialism” that prevailed in the French and British empires after World War II.

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Männistö-Funk, Tiina. "“They Played it on Saturday Nights in a Barn”." International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 1, no. 2 (March 28, 2013): 101–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/hcm2013.2.funk.

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This article studies rural gramophone use in Finland from the 1920s to the 1940s, based on source material of written memories related to the long Nordic tradition of folklore surveys. The characteristic rurality of the Finnish pre-war and war-time society offers an opportunity to study the non-urban appropriation of modern technology and to approach rural modernity as locally produced on the one hand, but crucial to the societal and cultural modernisation processes on the other. The article uses a practice theoretical approach and argues for an understanding of grass-root modernity as a dynamic system of practices combining old and new elements. By scrutinising the material elements, meanings and competencies linked together in rural gramophone practices, the article describes and analyses diverse forms of rural activity and innovativeness around the gramophone, peaking in the popular phenomenon of secret dances during the Second World War.

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Soares da Silva, Ana Cláudia, Ana Ivania Alves Fonseca, and Cássio Alexandre da Silva. "GEOGRAFIA DOS ASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS E A REFORMA AGRÁRIA NO MUNICÍPIO DE FRANCISCO SÁ - NORTE DE MINAS." Revista Cerrados 16, no. 02 (March 9, 2020): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc2448269220181602174188.

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A Geografia é a ciência que busca a compreensão dos fenômenos socioespaciais. Os elementos condicionantes do espaço são as relações sociedade/natureza que produzem arranjos materiais e imateriais. As discussões sobre assentamentos rurais e movimentos de luta pela terra constituem uma diversidade de interpretações, nessa trajetória, apresenta-se a busca por novos paradigmas, novas linguagens e novas propostas ao modelo tradicional da reforma agrária. Os assentamentos rurais na região Norte Mineira são espaços de agricultura familiar e territórios produtivos. As particularidades de cada assentamento se traduzem em áreas mais desenvolvidas, e outras menos desenvolvidas, essa análise reflete na diversidade regional, que sejam nos aspectos socioeconômicos e físicos geográficos. Nessa discussão, o presente estudo procura analisar a reforma agrária e a formação dos assentamentos rurais no munícipio de Francisco Sá-MG. O procedimento metodológico baseou-se em estudos bibliográficos para fundamentação da parte teórica, pesquisa direta através de trabalho de campo e entrevista. Portanto, os assentamentos rurais no município de Francisco Sá constituem-se em territórios, compostos por diferentes modalidades de acesso à terra e reprodução social diversa. Palavras-chave: Território. Reforma agrária. Assentamentos Rurais. GEOGRAPHY OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS AND AGRARIAN REFORM IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF FRANCISCO SÁ – NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS ABSTRACT The Geography is the science devoted to the understanding of socio-spatial phenomena. The space conditioning elements are the society/nature relationships that produce material and immaterial arrangements. The discussions regarding rural settlements and land struggle movements represent a diversity of interpretations, in this trajectory; the search for new paradigms, new languages and new proposals is presented to the traditional model of agrarian reform. Rural settlements in the northern region of Minas Gerais are areas marked by family agriculture and productive territories. The particularities of each settlement translate into more developed areas, and others less developed, this analysis reflects in the regional diversity of socioeconomic and physical geographic aspects. In this perspective, the present study aims to analyze the agrarian reform and the formation of rural settlements in Francisco Sá, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The methodological procedure was based on bibliographical studies to substantiate the theoretical part, field research and interviews. Therefore, the rural settlements in the municipality of Francisco Sá are constituted in territories, composed by different modalities of land access and diverse social reproduction. Keywords: Territory. Agrarian reform. Rural Settlements. GEOGRAFÍA DE LOS ASENTAMIENTOS RURALES Y LA REFORMA AGRARIA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE FRANCISCO SÁ - NORTE DE MINAS RESUMEN La Geografía es la ciencia que busca la comprensión de los fenómenos socioespaciales. Los elementos condicionantes del espacio son las relaciones sociedad / naturaleza que producen arreglos materiales e inmateriales. Las discusiones sobre asentamientos rurales y movimientos de lucha representan una diversidad de interpretaciones, en esa trayectoria, se presentan la búsqueda de nuevos paradigmas, nuevos lenguajes y nuevas propuestas al modelo tradicional de la reforma agraria. Los asentamientos rurales en la región Norte Minera, son espacios de agricultura familiar y territorios productivos. Las particularidades de cada asentamiento traducen en áreas más desarrolladas, y otras menos desarrolladas, ese análisis refleja en la diversidad regional, que sean en los aspectos socioeconómicos y físicos geográficos. En esta discusión, el presente estudio busca analizar la reforma agraria y la formación de los asentamientos rurales en el municipio de Francisco Sá-MG. El procedimiento metodológico se basó en estudios bibliográficos para fundamentación de la parte teórica, investigación directa a través de trabajo de campo y entrevista. Por lo tanto, los asentamientos rurales en el municipio de Francisco Sá se constituyen en territorios, compuesto por diferentes modalidades de acceso a tierra y reproducción social diversa. Palabras clave: Territorio. Reforma agraria. Asentamientos Rurales.

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Whitelegg, John. "Locality and rurality: Economy and society in rural regions." Land Use Policy 2, no. 4 (October 1985): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(85)90039-0.

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Sarrión Esteve, Joaquín. "Crónica de una presentación en la Jornada Profesional Aplicaciones de los drones a la economía del territorio, Cátedra de drones y aviación civil de la UNED Teruel, 15 de diciembre de 2021: Reflexiones sobre los retos actuales en la regulación de los drones en el espacio jurídico europeo y español." Rurali: revista interdisciplinar en estudios rurales 1, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/rurali.1.2.23750.

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Este curso académico se han iniciado las actividades de la Cátedra de drones y aviación civil de la UNED Teruel, y en la que el pasado 15 de diciembre de 2021 se organizó para su presentación en sociedad una interesante jornada profesional en la que, además de disfrutar de una exhibición de drones, se trataron diversos temas de interés para los estudios sobre ruralidad y territorio, vinculados a los drones y la industria aeronáutica. Uno de ellos trató sobre los retos actuales en la regulación del uso civil de los drones en el espacio jurídico europeo, y cómo la regulación puede ayudar al desarrollo del territorio.

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DENTON, STACY. "Nostalgia, Class and Rurality in Empire Falls." Journal of American Studies 45, no. 3 (April 27, 2011): 503–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875811000119.

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In American society, rural spaces – particularly those of the working class – are seen as stagnant holdovers from a temporal past that “modern” society has evolved beyond. As a result, working-class rurality and those living within these places are viewed as static, ignorant, insular and so on: whatever places do not conform to the appearance of “modern” progress and development simply must be regressed, on both socioeconomic and cultural levels. While scholars in some disciplines are attempting to redress this misconception, other disciplines (like literary studies) largely align with the mainstream perspective that rurality represents a regressed past to our evolved present. However, despite the critical lack of attention to rurality as a viable space in the present, we can see in various fictional works that working-class rural spaces can effectively show us the interrelationship of rural spaces with “modern” society and culture in the present, the continuing relevance and deep history alike of said spaces, and the potential of these fictional working-class rural places to confront America's norms of progress and development within and without their fictional borders. Richard Russo's fiction illustrates the potential to bring out this critical working-class rural voice. Russo's fictional treatments afford the reader an opportunity to witness the ever-changing complexity (not the temporal and cultural regression) of working-class rurality. In turn, Russo's fictional working-class rural spaces offer a counterperspective to the mainstream (defined here as middle-class and (sub)urban) notions of progress that otherwise dismiss these perspectives. In his book Empire Falls, Russo uses nostalgia to assert this counterperspective. This nostalgia not only reaffirms the postwar and early twenty-first-century working-class rural identity of Empire Falls, but it also offers a critique of dominant conceptions of progress and development that continue into our present.

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Jeong, Yeseul, and Yeongmin Lee. "Rethinking the Urban-Rural Dichotomy in the Modernization of South Korea: Focusing on the Gender and Race." Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers 34, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29349/jchg.2022.34.3.50.

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This study attempted to dismantle the sexist and racist spatial imagination between urban and rural areas of Korea based on the theoretical approach to gender and racial relations between modernization and the urban-rural dichotomy. The results of the study are as follows: First, Korea’s modernization process created an ideological rurality with a patriarchal character and ethnic purity, which created contradictions with rural reality. Second, ideological rurality began to be threatened by the changing rural society due to the influence of modernization, and the fear of rural society evoked in this process was embodied as a suicide problem for rural bachelors. The death of a rural bachelor emerged as a nationwide social problem because it was linked to the maintenance of patriarchal authority and the Korean ethnics. Third, the rural bachelor marriage project, as a solution to the suicide problem, has marginalized rural areas into a feminine and racial space, following the sexist and racist genealogy of Korean urban women, ethnic women, and underdeveloped women. This study revealing the sexist and racist ways of representing rural areas today in historical and spatial contexts is meaningful in that it has opened up a new approach to understanding inequality in Korean rural areas.

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D.BALAMUNISWAMY, D. BALAMUNISWAMY, and G. ERRAIAH G.ERRAIAH. "Role of Regional Rural Banks Finance to Weaker Sections of the Rural Society in India." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2012): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/jan2014/70.

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Clark, G. "Book Review: Locality and Rurality: Economy and Society in Rural Regions." Progress in Human Geography 10, no. 1 (March 1986): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913258601000122.

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Kischener, Manoel Adir, Miguel Angelo Perondi, Marcelino Armindo Monteiro, Everton Marcos Batistela, Rosenilde Terezinha Borges, and Rosimara Kischener. "A contribuição de polanyi na compreensão do processo de mercantilização da sociedade rural." RDE - Revista de Desenvolvimento Econômico 1, no. 39 (April 2015): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/rde.v17i31.3728.

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Sabe-se que o mercado se faz presente em todas as instâncias da vida, entretanto, as relações pautadas especialmente pela reciprocidade ainda permanecem no mundo rural e tornam seu processo de mercantilização diferente do urbano. Este artigo, portanto, re

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Čamo, Merima. "Edukacijske silnice ruralnog načina života u savremenom (urbanom) društvu." Obrazovanje odraslih/Adult Education 14, no. 2 2014 (2014): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53617/issn2744-2047.2014.14.2.69.

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The purpose of this article is to point out the original tendencies of a rural community to be maintained within different historical, social and physical conditions. Notwithstanding inevitable change of a village under the influence of social dynamics whose effects initially were observed in the city, this albeit oldest form of social-physical organization had preserved some specific structural and interactional characteristics that again restore its existence. Such rural activity with a prefix ''traditional'' is a firstly observed through anthrop-causal relation between rural and urban area that simultaneously characterize interdependence and contradiction. Although such character is temporal given that one itself can be successfully analyzed only within certain timeframe and certain social-economic conditions, following text presents basic differences, advantages, possibilities as well as contradictions that created and established these two social developments that shall finally give a broader frame of rural-urban complex. The accent is on analysis of causes and consequences of urban crisis and opportunities of rural, which (together with multi-millenium experience of urban) can be adequate social cure, phenomenon of panacea for anomic tissue of contemporary urban community.

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Moravčíková, D., M. Hanová, and K. Klimentová. "Rural households in the stratification system of the Slovak society." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 8 (January 7, 2008): 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/901-agricecon.

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This report deals with the problems of the status of rural households in the stratification system of the post-socialist Slovak society. The authors take as the basis the concept of associated classification and knowledge about the trends in the development of the social structure of Slovak society in the transformation period. The processing of empirical data from the survey research of rural households in three districts served as an example to compare the classification of households within the economic and socio-cultural lines by the means of the selected indicators. The analysis refers to the inconsistency of the stratification of rural households according to the economic and income statuses as well as education, population and socioeconomic qualities which are significantly conditioned by the regional position and situation. The representative types of rural households for the individual social strata are characterized in the conclusions. They are characterized with regard to the used criteria.

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P. Jaisridhar, P. Jaisridhar, M. Sankar M. Sankar, P. Velusamy P. Velusamy, V. Prakash V. Prakash, and R. Ravi Kumar R. Ravi Kumar. "Understanding The Characteristics and Functions of Rural Society by Brainstorming." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 11 (October 1, 2011): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/nov2013/5.

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Chatterjee, Abhi, Alan Brent, Ramesh Rayudu, and Piyush Verma. "Microgrids for rural schools: An energy-education accord to curb societal challenges for sustainable rural developments." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 8, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.3.231-241.

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Quality education and schools have a key role to play in the sustainable development of society. Unfortunately, many remote communities in developing countries fail to enjoy access to quality education due to a lack of electricity, thereby interrupting regular school services in the villages. The main objective of the paper contributes to understanding the importance of the energy-education accord, and aims to curb the social challenges prevailing in the villages. Specifically, the paper suggests a technical intervention by designing a hybrid renewable energy system for such schools. The approach is demonstrated through a case study with a load demand of approximately 4 kWh/d, comprising a class size of 40 students. A techno-economic evaluation of the energy system reveals the levelized cost of energy of the system at USD 0.22 per kWh, which may be affordable considering number of other aspects, outlined in this paper, to enable a larger uptake of such systems in developing countries. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

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Rennie, Frank. "Rural e-Society." Scottish Affairs 53 (First Serie, no. 1 (November 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2005.0053.

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Cairns, Kate. "Youth, Dirt, and the Spatialization of Subjectivity: An Intersectional Approach to White Rural Imaginaries." Canadian Journal of Sociology 38, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 623–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs21199.

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Abstract. Canada’s rural idyll is embedded within the colonial legacy of a white settler society; however, little research has examined how class and gender uphold this articulation of rurality and whiteness. This article draws on ethnographic research with white, working-class rural youth to develop an intersectional analysis of rural imaginaries. The analysis shows how youth construct their own rural identities through racialized representations of urban and global “others.” I argue that these racist place-narratives must be understood in the context of competing discourses of rurality in Canada: the romanticized pure white rural of colonial history, and the pathologized poor white rural of a cosmopolitan future. Even as youth locate their gendered performances within the rural idyll, they are marked as “dirts” by their classed, rural status. By inscribing racist discourses onto others, youth resist the classist imagery projected onto their community and thereby re- claim a pure white rural idyll.

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Han, Yangdi, and Jin Huang. "Evolution of social welfare in rural China: A developmental approach." International Social Work 62, no. 1 (September 13, 2017): 390–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817731140.

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While rural residents still comprise nearly 60 percent of the total population in China, little is known about the evolution of rural welfare. This article explores welfare services in rural China using a broad definition of social welfare: efforts by the entire country and society to promote personal or societal well-being. Diverse approaches have been implemented to provide social services for rural residents with complicated dynamics among different providers, which follows a path different from that in the West. Findings of this study have important policy and research implications for understanding and further developing social welfare services in rural China.

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Kučerová, E. "20th Biennial Conference of the European Society for Rural Sociology." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 4 (February 24, 2012): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5187-agricecon.

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Ruoting, Zheng. "The ‘4Project’, Suning County, Hebei: Enabling Rural People to Come Together and Re-Organize." China Nonprofit Review 5, no. 2 (February 7, 2014): 253–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341264.

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Abstract Faced with the countless problems of rural society, in 2008 Suning County began to ponder and explore ways to solve these rural problems right at the root. Suning spent time and effort putting thought into the practicalities of working in the countryside, and combined this with the frame of reference gleaned through useful experiences of solving the ‘Three Rurals’ (the state’s term for three major issues troubling rural China). On this basis, Suning County devised the 4Project – a four-fold approach – to bring rural people back together, encouraging them once again to organize. Through development of grassroots Party organizations, grassroots democracy organizations, comprehensive stability maintenance organizations, and economic cooperatives, the local people, who had been scattered and lacking unity, were brought into these organizations.

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Peterson, Glen. "The Struggle for Literacy in Post-Revolutionary Rural Guangdong." China Quarterly 140 (December 1994): 926–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100005284x.

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In a recent article, Paul Cohen described the “academic Great Wall” that separates the study of pre-1949 and post-1949 China, suggesting a need for greater efforts to break through the “1949 barrier.” In addition to lack of historical perspective, Western scholarship on the PRC has tended toward a statist approach that overestimates the state's autonomy from social forces – as Jean Oi has recently put it, “almost to the point of denying the ‘autonomy’ of society.” As the work of Cohen, Oi and others makes clear, recent years have witnessed an increasing effort to “bring history back in” to the study of post-1949 China, as well as to “bring society back in, or at least the state-society relationship.” This article is intended to contribute to that effort, by bringing historical and societal perspectives to bear on a subject that has so far nearly eluded Western scholarship: state efforts to spread literacy in the Chinese countryside after 1949.

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Ravazzoli, Elisa, Cristina Dalla Torre, Riccardo Da Re, Valentino Marini Govigli, Laura Secco, Elena Górriz-Mifsud, Elena Pisani, et al. "Can Social Innovation Make a Change in European and Mediterranean Marginalized Areas? Social Innovation Impact Assessment in Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry, and Rural Development." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041823.

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Social innovation (SI) impacts are long-term changes that affect different dimensions of territorial capital (i.e., economy, society, environment, governance) for the territory in which SI occurs. Yet, systematic empirical evidence and theoretically sound assessments of the impacts of SI are scarce. This paper aims to fill the gap and assess the different aspects of SI’s impacts in European and Mediterranean areas that are characterized by marginalization processes. To assess the impacts of SI in marginalized areas, we use the evaluation framework developed within the Social Innovation in Marginalized Rural Areas (SIMRA) Horizon 2020 project and apply it to nine SI initiatives related to the fields of agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and rural development. Our findings show that SI produces cross-sectoral (societal, economic, environmental, and governmental) and multi-level impacts (on individuals, community, and society), which have improved the societal well-being, and contributed to the reduction of certain forms of marginality, mainly inside the territory in which SI occurred.

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Habibullah, Md, and Md Asfaq Salehin. "Decaying Rural Power Structure in Bangladesh: An Observation on the Political Institutions of Sherpur Upazila." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v9i1.640.

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It is pretty foolish not to expect any changes in society. In dynamic, all the dimensions of society undergo substantial changes over time. The determiner of these changes is plentiful from the time itself to every sing aspect of human behavior along with the societal, political, economic, and natural components that influence the change. Through this inevitable process, the rural power structure, which was traditional and tribal, has gone through many transitional periods and has now started to take a new shape. By using a qualitative technique and studying an Upazila in Bangladesh, this study can suggest that the rural power structure, which is predominantly autonomic, has lost its self-reliance due to financial dependence on the central government. In addition, the growth of partisan politics in rural societies has created a situation in which it is nearly impossible to differentiate between local and national policies. This is a consequence of the problem created by the rise of partisan politics because partisan politics in rural societies have intensified since their inception. Clientelist politics has taken a firm shape in every allocation of values in an agrarian society. Political and judicial institutions like the Shalish and Gram Samaj have almost disappeared or transformed upside-down. Growing disbelief of the residents, dysfunctional institutions, and politically backed rural leaders have failed to win the faith of the majority of the society, clearly indicating a decaying rustic power structure.

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Summers, Gene F. "Minorities in Rural Society." Rural Sociology 56, no. 2 (February 3, 2010): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1991.tb00430.x.

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Patterson, Amy S. "A reappraisal of democracy in civil society: evidence from rural Senegal." Journal of Modern African Studies 36, no. 3 (September 1998): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x98002754.

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Civil society is the space of uncoerced human association and relational networks formed for the sake of family, faith, interests and ideology. Supporters of civil society have argued that this conglomeration of networks and organisations has helped to fuel democratic aspirations and channel democratic demands in Africa. Proponents maintain that civil society serves as a counter to the actions of the predatory African state, which seeks to limit individual freedoms and to encroach on societal resources. By questioning the actions of state officials and by challenging state policies, civil society organisations can cause the state to be more accountable and transparent, and can facilitate a positive deconcentration of political power. A plural, vibrant civil society encourages political liberalisation and the development of a democratic and legitimate state. It is because the organisations of civil society promote democratic values among their members that they are able to challenge repressive state actions and facilitate democratic development. Since their members trust each other and feel that they have a say in group activities, democratic organisations are more unified and effective at achieving their political objectives.This article challenges these assumptions about civil society through an examination of rural Senegalese organisations. I argue that groups in civil society rarely teach their members democratic values because most associations do not practice legitimate, inclusive and accountable decision making. More often than not, social hierarchies and power relations that define how individuals of different genders and classes are to interact in the public realm limit democracy. As a result, civil society groups often become ineffective and disorganised, and cannot achieve their political, economic or social goals. The inefficiency and undemocratic nature of civil society have larger implications for democratic transitions in Africa.

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Amaral de Silva, Robson, Luiz Gonçalves-Junior, and Jose Maria Pazos Couto. "Ocio y procesos educativos en el contexto del movimiento de los trabajadores rurales sin tierra (MST) de la región de ribeirão preto – sp – Brasil (Leisure and educational processes in the context of the movement of rural landless workers (MST) in the re." Retos, no. 38 (April 18, 2020): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.74515.

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El objetivo central de este estudio fue comprender el significado atribuido al ocio en la percepción de los integrantes del Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra (MST) de la región de Ribeirão Preto, interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil, y describir procesos educativos emergentes de esa práctica social en áreas de reforma agraria ocupadas por estos/as trabajadores/as. La metodología utilizada fue de naturaleza cualitativa inspirada en la fenomenología existencial, para la recogida de datos se utilizaron diarios de campo. Para el análisis de resultados construimos dos categorías: A) Ocio como tiempo-espacio de lucha del MST; B) Apropiación desigual del ocio por las mujeres del MST. La práctica social del ocio en el MST es un tiempo-espacio de lucha, no fragmentado de otras luchas del Movimiento, que además de la tierra, lucha también por mejor educación, salud y ocio. Percibimos la contestación de la actual estructura societaria y sus imperativos en la práctica social del ocio en el cotidiano de los/as trabajadores/as rurales con que convivimos en la investigación, pero contradictoriamente, algunas experiencias reprodujeron valores hegemónicos de la sociedad neoliberal.Abstract. The main objective of this study was to understand the meaning attributed to leisure in the perception of the members of the Movement of the Landless Rural Workers (MST) of the Ribeirão Preto region, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and to describe educational processes that allowed that social practice in areas of agrarian reform occupied by these workers. The methodology used was of a qualitative nature inspired by existential phenomenology. Field journals were used for the data collection. For the results, we constructed two categories: A) Leisure as time-space of struggle of the MST; B) Unequal appropriation of leisure by women of the MST. We consider that social practice of leisure in the MST is a time-space of struggle, not shared with other struggles of the Movement, which besides the land, also fights for better education, health, and leisure. We perceive the answer of the current societal structure and its imperatives in the social practice of leisure in the daily life of the rural workers with whom we live, but contradictorily, some experiences reproduced hegemonic values of the neoliberal society.

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Zillmer, Juliana Graciela Vestena, Eda Schwartz, Teila Ceolin, and Rita Maria Heck. "A família rural na contemporaneidade: um desafio para a enfermagem." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 3, no. 3 (July 3, 2009): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.149-181-1-rv.0303200941.

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ABSTRACTObjective: to think over the rural family, relating it with health and Nursing in a contemporary context. Methodology: to develop the test, a bibliographical research was done conducted with authors from different areas (political, economic, social and health) in books and articles, as well as the experience of the authors to make the reflexive analysis on rural households. Results: the increasing transformations in family structure dynamics and functionality, both in urban and rural environments, it is necessary to get to know family peculiarities such as culture, beliefs and health habits in order to care for these families. This set of values varies from one group to another. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to reflect on the family dimension in this context, as the rural environment occupies an unfavorable rank as to public service access, and this favors social inequalities and poverty. Descriptores: family; rural; nursing; care; professional-family relations.RESUMOObjetivos: refletir acerca da família rural inter-relacionando-a com saúde e Enfermagem no contexto da contemporaneidade. Metodologia: para desenvolver o ensaio, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica com autores de diversas áreas (política, econômica, sociais e de saúde) em livros e artigos, bem como a experiência das autoras para fazer a análise reflexiva sobre as famílias rurais. Resultados: às crescentes transformações da estrutura, dinâmica e funcionalidade da família, tanto no cenário urbano quanto rural, foram influenciadas pela globalização na sociedade contemporânea. Para cuidar de famílias rurais faz-se necessário que conheçamos suas particularidades como cultura, crenças e hábitos de saúde. Este conjunto de valores difere de um grupo para outro. Conclusão: faz-se necessário refletir sobre a dimensão da família nesse contexto, uma vez que o cenário rural merece destaque por ocupar posição desfavorável no acesso a serviços públicos favorecendo a desigualdades sociais e a pobreza dos sujeitos. Descritores: família; rural; enfermagem; cuidado; relações profissional-família.RESUMENObjetivos: reflexionar acerca de la familia rural interrelacionándola con salud y Enfermería en el contexto de la contemporaneidad. Metodología: para desarrollar l ensayo, fue realizada una búsqueda bibliográfica con autores procedentes de diferentes ámbitos (políticos, económicos, sociales y de salud), en libros y artículos, así como la experiencia de los autores para hacer el análisis reflexivo sobre las familias rurales. Resultados: a crecientes transformaciones de la estructura, dinámica y funcional de la familia, tanto en el escenario urbano como en el rural, fueran influenciadas por la globalización en la sociedad contemporánea. Para cuidar de familias rurales se hace necesario que conozcamos sus particularidades como cultura, creencias y hábitos de salude. Este conjunto de valores difiere de un grupo a otro. Conclusión: se hace necesario reflexionar sobre la dimensión de la familia en ese contexto, una vez que, el escenario rural merece destaque por ocupar posición desfavorable en el acceso a servicios públicos favoreciendo las desigualdades sociales y la pobreza de los sujetos. Descriptores: familia; rural; enfermería; cuidado; relaciones profesional-familia.

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Kūle, Laila. "Concepts of Rurality and Urbanity as Analytical Categories in Multidimensional Research." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 62, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2008): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-008-0004-3.

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Concepts of Rurality and Urbanity as Analytical Categories in Multidimensional Research This paper is a review of the concepts of rurality and urbanity and of various approaches to their differentiation. The author reviews the continuum and dichotomy of rurality and urbanity and the challenges that occur when seeking to differentiate between them. The author has reviewed the descriptive approach, which is based on empirical data, as well as the social approach, which is based on various social agents and different ways of perceiving space. The author has evaluated various approaches to studying rural-urban separation, focusing on the challenges that are created by contemporary developments in society. New forms of populated areas are emerging, and they do not correspond to this binary separation. Both rural and urban areas are becoming increasingly multidimensional and interactions between them more intensive. "Urban" and "rural" are abstractions and metaphors that are needed to ensure human communications which enables the bridging of knowledge from one area of science or politics to another. That is particularly relevant for interdisciplinary research such as spatial and environmental studies. In the conclusion, the author reviews the way in which rurality and urbanity are studied by researchers in Latvia.

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Cavinatto, Joélen Assmann, Jaqueline Patrícia Silveira, and Fabiana Thomé da Cruz. "CONDIÇÃO SOCIAL E RECONHECIMENTO DO TRABALHO DAS MULHERES NO MEIO RURAL: O CASO DA PRODUÇÃO DE QUEIJO COLONIAL NO NOROESTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL (SABORES Y PRÁCTICAS CULINARIAS DE LAS COCINERAS NEGRAS DEL SERIDÓ (RN – BRASIL))." Revista GeoNordeste, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33360/rgn.2318-2695.2019.i2especial.p.41-58.

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RESUMO:Neste artigo nos propomos a contextualizar e refletir sobre a realidade das mulheres trabalhadoras de modo geral e, em especial, as do meio rural, discutindo aspectos como dependência financeira e reconhecimento pessoal mediante a família e a sociedade. Além de revisão de literatura, a pesquisa discute dados oriundos de estudo realizado por meio de visitas em propriedades rurais na região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres rurais produtoras de queijo colonial. Os resultados apontam que, via de regra, as mulheres entrevistadas são vistas como coadjuvantes perante seus maridos e demais homens integrantes da esfera familiar e até mesmo social, mostrando que apesar de muitos progressos alcançados, ainda há um extenso caminho a ser percorrido até que a igualdade de gênero seja alcançada, de fato, em todas as esferas. Palavras-chave: Mulheres rurais, gênero, trabalho, meio rural. ABSTRACT:This paper aims to contextualize and to analyze the reality of working women especially in rural areas, discussing issues as financial dependence and personal recognition from the family and society. The research is based on a literature review and on a study carried out in rural properties by visiting and conducting interviews to rural women with rural producing colonial cheese. The results demonstrated that, in a general way, the interviewed women has been seen as a supporting to their husbands and other family male members, demonstrating that despite all the progress already achieved, there is still a long way to reach gender equality in all social contexts.Keywords: Rural women, gender, work, rural areas.

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Sánchez Escolano, Luis Miguel, and Noelia Ruíz Moya. "Nuevos territorios y enfoques para el desarrollo local. El olivar de Alcolea de las Alpujarras (Almería) = New Territories and Approaches for Local Development. The Olive Grove of Alcolea de las Alpujarras (Almería)." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie VI, Geografía, no. 12 (October 15, 2019): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfvi.12.2019.23909.

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En un marco general caracterizado por la descapitalización humana y económica, así como por la falta de dinamismo y su escasa representatividad en nuestra sociedad, los espacios rurales mediterráneos encaran el siglo XXI con perspectivas precarias sobre su propia viabilidad y supervivencia. Las implicaciones de este proceso de debilitamiento territorial son enormes, ya sea enfocado desde lo antropológico, demográfico, económico o ambiental. Es necesario, por tanto, repensar la relación que la sociedad española mantiene con esa parte mayoritaria del territorio, la cual necesita de herramientas y la acción de agentes que aporten nuevas perspectivas para superar acciones agotadas por su formalismo y desapego a la realidad de los entornos rurales y sus problemáticas.El presente trabajo, aplicando las estrategias y herramientas del paradigma del desarrollo local, pretende reconocer y analizar los valores patrimoniales y territoriales del olivar de Alcolea (Almería). Éste, a través de un replanteamiento de su papel en la comunidad -ecológico, cultural y paisajístico-, puede ser transformado en una herramienta para el desarrollo endógeno y sostenible, lo que redundará en un aumento de la calidad de vida de los habitantes del entorno.AbstractIn a general framework marked by human and economic decapitalization, as well as by the lack of dynamism and its scarce representation in our society, the Mediterranean rural areas confront the 21st century with precarious perspectives on their own viability and survival. The implications of this process of territorial weakening are enormous, whether focused on the anthropological, demographic, economic or environmental. It is necessary, therefore, to rethink the relationship that Spanish society maintains with this majority part of the territory, which requires tools and the action of agents that provide new perspectives to overcome ineffective actions due to their formality and detachment from the reality of rural areas and their problems.The present work, applying the strategies and tools of the local development paradigm, aims to recognize and analyze the heritage and territorial values of the olive grove of Alcolea (Almería). This, through a rethinking of its ecological, cultural and landscape role, can be transformed into a tool for endogenous and sustainable development, which will result in an improvement in the quality of life of the inhabitants of the area.

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Clemente Ramos, Julián. "Paisaje agrario y sociedad rural en Holguera (siglos XIII-XVI)." Hispania 69, no. 231 (April 30, 2009): 39–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/hispania.2009.v69.i231.98.

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Moltó Mantero, Enrique, and María Hernández Hernández. "La funcionalidad de los medios rurales en las sociedades urbanas." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 34 (September 15, 2004): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo2004.34.06.

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Los medios rurales en los países desarrollados han experimentado notables cambios en las funciones que desempeñan desde mediados de la década de los cincuenta del siglo veinte. Frente a unos ámbitos donde dominaban las actividades y modos de vida rurales, en las últimas décadas se observa la progresiva aparición de nuevos usos y actividades vinculados a su terciarización. La homogeneización de las pautas de comportamiento y de los modos de vida hace difícil disociar la sociedad urbana de la rural. Este artículo reflexiona sobre los diferentes procesos (éxodo rural, políticas de desarrollo rural, medios de comunicación, etc.) que han intervenido en estas transformaciones y han favorecido los procesos de homogeneización de los medios rurales, sin embargo, es necesario insistir que uno de los rasgos de numerosos medios rurales es su diversidad. Esta heterogeneidad condiciona, no solo su evolución, sino también su grado de adaptación a las nuevas funciones que se les asignan. Este artículo pretende realizar una reflexión acerca de las posibles disfuncionalidades que la aplicación de políticas homogéneas está generando en ámbitos contrastados.

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OKABE, MAMORU. "Rural Replanning from the View of Rural Life Style (Rural Society)." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 16, no. 2 (1997): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.16.154.

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Winterton, Rachel. "DEFINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP AND HEALTHY RURAL AGING: A CRITICAL APPROACH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.063.

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Abstract Active citizenship is romanticized in policy for its role in keeping older adults healthy, and rural communities sustainable. However, as proportions of older adults resident in rural communities continue to increase, the gerontological literature has begun to highlight challenges associated with both the capacity and desire of rural older adults to be active citizens. Through an integrative review of the international literature, this paper interrogates how active citizenship trends among rural older adults support or hinder healthy aging in rural settings. Findings indicate that active citizenship among older adults can increase rural age-friendliness and facilitate individual wellbeing. However, practices associated with active citizenship among this cohort can disenfranchise certain groups of older adults, through reshaping societal norms relating to citizenship, age-friendliness and rurality. These findings indicate that programs designed to promote active citizenship must both consider, and account for, diverse capacities and desires for active citizenship among rural older adults.

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Nguyen, Canh Khac. "Autonomous institutions in the Southern Khmer’s traditional rural society." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i2.1642.

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Inherently as the inhabitants of agricultural practices specializing in water rice cultivation, the Southern Khmer, once settling down on the Southern land and primarily gathering in the Mekong Delta, grouped themselves into units of residency, later organized into traditional autonomous societal units with two institutions of autonomy which bore such communal democracy values as phum and srok. In addition, when settling down on the Southern land, the Khmer people brought with them their religion – Theravada, and on this land, Buddhism of the Southern Khmer could both meet the spiritual need of the mass and be the consolidating catalyst to gather up community members. The elements of ethnic culture of the water rice inhabitants combined with those of Buddhist culture not only exerted great influence on their living style, on their material and mental culture, but also deeply engraved themselves in their autonomous mechanism, creating a particular feature of fundamental and typical nature belonging to the Southern Khmer’s traditional rural society. That is the autonomous mechanism of phum and srok which is closely related to and intertwined with the management system of pagodas in order to efficiently manage and regulate the society. Until the 1975 Liberation, phum and srok management and regulating system bearing traditional features of the Southern Khmer had ceased to exist. Although the management system of feudal government and of later governmental regimes already replaced the traditional management system, their imprint and influence still impose deep impacts on various aspects of the Khmer people’s current lives. In the framework of this research, the paper focuses on analyzing the traditional autonomous institutions and on how the mixed intertwining nature of these institutions made up special features of the Southern Khmer’s societal organization.

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Heitzman, James, and Kathleen Gough. "Rural Society in Southeast India." American Historical Review 92, no. 3 (June 1987): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1870036.

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Petrikov, A. "Rural Society and Agrarian Reform." Problems of Economic Transition 37, no. 6 (October 1, 1994): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991370619.

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Riley, G. Michael, and Cheryl English Martin. "Rural Society in Colonial Morelos." American Historical Review 92, no. 2 (April 1987): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1866812.

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Gur'ianova, M. R. "Society and the Rural Family." Russian Social Science Review 37, no. 3 (May 1996): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rss1061-1428370366.

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Gur'ianova, M. P. "Rural Young People and Society." Russian Education & Society 54, no. 8 (August 2012): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/res1060-9393540801.

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Gur'ianova, M. P. "Rural Young People and Society." Russian Education & Society 55, no. 1 (January 2013): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/res1060-9393550104.

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Cuello, Jose, and Cheryl English Martin. "Rural Society in Colonial Morelos." Hispanic American Historical Review 66, no. 2 (May 1986): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515145.

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Yruela, Manuel Pérez. "Spanish rural society in transition." Sociologia Ruralis 35, no. 3-4 (December 1995): 276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.1995.tb00839.x.

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Heather, Elizabeth K. "European Society for Rural Sociology." Rural Society 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10371656.1995.11005143.

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KRITZINGER, ANDRIENETTA. "Rural Youth and Risk Society." Youth & Society 33, no. 4 (June 2002): 545–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x02033004003.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Societa' rurali'

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