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Jerónimo Kersh, Daliany. "Women’s Small-Scale, Home-Based Informal Employment during Cuba’s Special Period." Latin American Perspectives 45, no. 1 (August 28, 2017): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x17726082.
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There is consensus in the literature that adherence to the traditional division of labor in Cuban society caused women to be disproportionately affected by the cutbacks to state services and shortages during the post-Soviet economic crisis known as the Special Period. After the devaluation of the state wage, many Cubans had to look for alternative forms of employment. Highly skilled professional Cuban women turned to feminized informal activities that made them similar to women in capitalist countries in the region and amounted to a partial reversal of the revolution’s substantial progress on gender equality. In contrast to the regulated self-employment on which existing studies focus, women’s informal labor up until 2010 was often small-scale, home-based, and unregulated. An analysis of oral histories and press archives identifies changes and continuities in women’s informal work during the crisis and shows where the interviewees locate themselves within this watershed in the Cuban Revolution. Existe un consenso sobre el hecho de que la adhesión a la división tradicional del trabajo en la sociedad cubana afectó de manera desproporcional a las mujeres a partir de la crisis económica post-soviética conocida como el Período Especial, con sus concomitantes recortes a los servicios estatales y la escasez. Tras la devaluación de los salarios estatales, muchos Cubanos tuvieron que buscar formas de empleo alternativas. Las profesionales cubanas altamente calificadas se dedicaron a actividades informales feminizadas, como ya hacían las mujeres en países capitalistas de la región, dando lugar a un retroceso parcial en el progreso revolucionario hacia la igualdad de género. A diferencia de lo que muestran estudios previos sobre el trabajo regulado por cuenta propia, hasta 2010 el trabajo informal de las mujeres a menudo se llevaba a cabo en pequeña escala, dentro del hogar y de manera no reglamentada. Un análisis de historias orales y archivos de prensa traza los cambios y continuidades en el trabajo informal de las mujeres durante la crisis y muestra dónde se ubican las entrevistadas en tal momento decisivo de la Revolución cubana.
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Cezar Miskulin, Sílvia. "A POLÍTICA CULTURAL NA REVOLUÇÃO CUBANA: as disputas intelectuais nos anos 1960 e 1970." Caderno CRH 32, no. 87 (December 31, 2019): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v32i87.31027.
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<p>A Revolução Cubana promoveu grandes transformações na sociedade da ilha. Novas publicações, instituições culturais e manifestações artísticas acompanharam a efervescência política e cultural ao longo dos anos 60. Esta pesquisa analisou o suplemento cultural Lunes de Revolución, a editora El Puente e o suplemento cultural El Caimán Barbudo, com o objetivo de mostrar o surgimento das novas publicações e manifestações culturais em Cuba após o triunfo da Revolução. O trabalho demonstra que o surgimento de uma política cultural acarretou a normatização e o controle das produções culturais pelo governo cubano desde os anos 1960, e mais ainda após 1971, quando se acentuou o fechamento e o endurecimento no meio cultural cubano.</p><p> </p><p>CULTURAL POLICY IN THE CUBAN REVOLUTION: intellectual disputes in the 1960s and 1970s</p><p>The Cuban Revolution promoted great transformations in the society of the island. New publications, cultural institutions and artistic manifestations accompanied the political and cultural effervescence throughout the 1960s.This research analyzed the cultural supplement Lunes de Revolución, the El Puente publishing house and the El Caimán Barbudo cultural supplement, with the aim of showing the emergence of new publications and cultural manifestations in Cuba after the triumph of the Revolution. However, the emergence of a cultural policy has led to the normalization and control of cultural productions by the Cuban government since the 1960s, and especially after 1971, when the closing and hardening of the Cuban cultural milieu became more pronounced.</p><p>Key words: Cuba. Revolution. Culture. History. Intellectual.</p><p> </p><p>LA POLITIQUE CULTURELLE DANS LA REVOLUTION CUBAINE: controverses intellectuelles dans les annees 1960 et 1970</p><p>La révolution cubaine a promu de grandes transformations dans la société de l’île. De nouvelles publications, des institutions culturelles et des manifestations artistiques ont accompagné l’effervescence politique et culturelle tout au long des années 1960.Cette recherche a analysé le supplément culturel Lunes de Revolución, la maison d’édition El Puente et le supplément culturel El Caimán Barbudo, dans le but de montrer l’émergence de nouvelles publications et manifestations culturelles à Cuba après le triomphe de la Révolution. Cependant, l’émergence d’une politique culturelle a conduit à la normalisation et au contrôle des productions culturelles par le gouvernement cubain depuis les années 1960, et encore plus après 1971, lorsque la fermeture et l’endurcissement du milieu culturel cubain se sont accentués.</p><p>Mots clés: Cuba. Révolution. Culture. Histoire. Intellectuel.</p>
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Silva, Renán. "De memorias y contramemorias invitación a la lectura del escritor Leonardo Padura." CALLE14: revista de investigación en el campo del arte 11, no. 18 (October 4, 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.c14.2016.1.a02.
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RESUMENA propósito de la obra del escritor cubano Leonardo Padura se examina la literatura como crítica de la sociedad; la libertad del escritor; la existencia, en toda sociedad, de memorias y contra/memorias; el testimonio que sobre la sociedad cubana de hoy ofrece su más importante escritor en la actualidad; la recreación de una historia oficial que ya resulta chocante, por decir lo mínimo, por su relación con una realidad cada vez más conocida y puesta de presente por escritores y artistas que no son en absoluto “enemigos de la revolución”.PALABRAS CLAVEMemoria, contramemoria, hegemonía, literatura, crítica social, intelectuales.IULLARISPA AJAI IULLARISPA KALLASPA KAI RIMAI ULLANGAPA KAI RUNA LEONARDO PADURA KILKASKASUGLLAPIKai Runa suti Leonardo Padura kawaku kai mailla kilkapi imasami pai kawai tukuikunata. Pai rumamim imasa munakasina iullarispa kausaikuna. Chasallata kawachispa kunaurramanda kilkaikuna pugrarispa parlukunawa imasami kawachiku kai runa,rimakumi; kausai kunauramanda kawachii tukui kilkadurkuna rurankuna munaskasina chimanda kankuna “ mana allilla kunaurramanda kunawa”.IMA SUTI RIMAI SIMI:Lullakuan, achka uillai, kilkai, rimai, tukuikunamanda, sapalla.OF MEMORY AND COUNTER-MEMORY AN INVITATION TO READ LEONARDO PADURAABSTRACTOn the subject of the work of Cuban writer Leonardo Padura the following themes are explored: literature as a critique of society; the freedom of the writer; the existence, in every society, of memories and counter/memories; the testimony about current Cuban society that is offered by its most important writer today; the recreation of an official story that is shocking, to say the least, by its relationship with an increasingly present and known reality set forth by writers and artists who are not at all “enemies of the revolution”.KEYWORDSMemory, counter-memory, hegemony, literature, social criticism, intellectuals.DE LA MÉMOIRE ET DE LA CONTRE-MÉMOIRE UNE INVITATION À LIRE LEONARDO PADURARÉSUMÉAutour de l’oeuvre de l’écrivain cubain Leonardo Padura les thèmes suivants sont abordés : la littérature comme une critique de la société; la liberté de l’écrivain ; l’existence, dans chaque société, des mémoires et des contre / mémoires ; le témoignage sur la société cubaine actuelle qui est offert par son auteur le plus important aujourd’hui ; la reconstitution d’une histoire officielle qui est choquante, pour le moins, par sa relation avec une réalité de plus en plus présente et connue, énoncée par des écrivains et des artistes qui ne sont pas du tout « ennemis de la révolution ». MOTS-CLEFS Mémoire, contre-mémoire, hégémonie, littérature, critique sociale, intellectuels.DE MEMÓRIAS E CONTRA MEMÓRIAS. CONVITE À LEITURA DO ESCRITOR LEONARDO PADURARESUMOA propósito da obra do escritor cubano Leonardo Padura se examina a literatura como crítica da sociedade; a liberdade do escritor; a existência, em toda sociedade, de Memórias e contra memórias; as testemunhas que sobre a sociedade cubana de hoje oferece seu escritor mais importante na atualidade; a recriação de uma história oficial que já resulta chocante, quer dizer o mínimo, pela sua relação com uma realidade cada vez mais conhecida e posta de presente por escritores e artistas que não são em absoluto “Inimigos da revolução”.PALAVRAS CHAVESMemória, Contra memória, hegemonia, literatura, crítica social, intelectuais.
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Yaremko, Jason M. "Protestant Missions, Cuban Nationalism and the Machadato." Americas 56, no. 3 (January 2000): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500029527.
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Before the Spanish-Cuban-American War of 1898, Protestantism and Cuban nationalism coexisted relatively comfortably and even naturally, the function of a Protestant movement under Spanish colonialism that, unlike the rest of Latin America, was run not by North American or English missionaries, but by Cuban ministers. After United States intervention in 1898, U.S. interests were imposed on virtually every sector of Cuban society, including organized Protestantism, influencing Cuba's development for at least the next half-century. Preempted by U.S. intervention, Cuban nationalism, in both its ecclesiastical and secular dimensions, endured and intensified with the deepening of Cubans' dependency on the U.S. Politically, Cuban nationalism was expressed in growing protests and demands for a more genuine independence by abrogating the Platt Amendment and otherwise ending U.S. interventionism. Ecclesiastically, Cubans pushed for a greater role in Protestant church affairs, and toward Cubanization of the Church. Protestant missions thus confronted a rising nationalism within and outside the Church. By 1920, eastern Cuba, the cradle of Cuban independence, became the epicenter of this struggle.
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Dilla Alfonso, Haroldo. "La construcción del otro en la política cubana postrevolucionaria: los emigrados." RIEM. Revista internacional de estudios migratorios 8, no. 1 (October 3, 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/riem.v8i1.2165.
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En este artículo —elaborado a partir de una metodología deductiva— se propone el análisis de los usos que de los emigrados ha hecho la política postrevolucionaria cubana —sea de acercamientos o de extrañamientos— y discute las perspectivas de este proceso para el futuro de la sociedad cubana. La emigración cubana ha significado para el estado insular tanto una fuente de ingresos económicos, como de recursos políticos. Su uso ha implicado su construcción ideológica como representante de un pasado sin regreso, y como tal, fue estigmatizado y convertido en eje de una política “denunciante” y excluyente. En la actualidad, sin embargo, la sociedad cubana —emigrada e insular— se torna crecientemente transnacional. Ello constituye una oportunidad para el despegue de la isla tras un cuarto de siglo de depresión y empobrecimiento, pero para ello se requieren políticas de acercamiento y un cambio radical en la propia concepción de la ciudadanía. This article —based on a deductive methodology— analyses the uses that the post-revolutionary Cuban policy has made of emigrants —be it of closeness or estrangement— and discusses the perspectives of this process for the future of Cuban society. Cuban emigration has meant for the island state both a source of income, as well as political resources. It has been ideologically built as representative of a past without a return, and as such it was stigmatised and excluded. Nowadays, however, the Cuban society, as a result of the intensification of links between both parties, becomes increasingly transnational. This is an opportunity for the launch of the island’s society after a quarter of a century of depression and impoverishment, but to do so, it requires policies of rapprochement and a radical change in the very conception of citizenship.
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Sunshine, Catherine A. "Cuba now." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 64, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002025.
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[First paragraph]The Cuba reader: the making of a revolutionary society. PHILIP BRENNER, WILLIAM M. LEOGRANDE, DONNA RICH, and DANIEL SIEGEL (eds.). New York: Grove Press, 1989. xxxv + 564 pp. (Paper US $14.95). Cuba: the test of time. JEAN STUBBS. London: Latin America Bureau, 1989. xvii + 142 pp. (Paper UK £3.95). Cuba: politics, economics and society. MAX AZICRI. London: Pinter Publishers Ltd., 1988. xxiii + 276 pp. (Cloth US $35.00, Paper US $12.50). Cuba libre: breaking the chains? PETER MARSHALL. Boston: Faber & Faber, 1987. viii + 300 pp. (Cloth US $18.95). The closest of enemies: a personal and diplomatic account of U.S.-Cuban relations since 1957. WAYNE S. SMITH. New York and London: W.W. Norton & Co., 1987. 308 pp. (Paper US $8.95). Imperial state and revolution: the United States and Cuba, 1952-1986. MORRIS H. MORLEY. New Rochelle, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. ix + 571 pp. (Paper US $16.95, Cloth US $59.50). From confrontation to negotiation: U.S. relations with Cuba. PHILIP BRENNER. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988. x + 118 pp. (Cloth US $30.00, Paper US $9.95).Nineteen eighty-eight marked the completion of the Cuban revolution's third decade. Several events that year suggested that Cubans might finally look forward to a lessening of the island's international isolation, if not its domestic economic woes. The revolution had survived eight years of hostility from the Reagan administration. Washington's attempts to secure international censure of Cuba on human rights grounds had culminated in the visit of a United Nations delegation, at Havana's invitation and with relatively little damage to Cuba's image. Fidel Castro's visits to Ecuador and Mexico to attend the inaugurations of two Latin American presidents underscored Cuba's reinsertion into the hemispheric community. Finally, Cuban military successes against South African troops in Angola and Cuba's role in the subsequent negotiations over Angola and Namibia were a source of pride.
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Tesh, Sylvia. "Health Education in Cuba: A Preface." International Journal of Health Services 16, no. 1 (January 1986): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/haa9-du1q-0qjr-4je9.
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Critics of health education policy in the United States fault it for ignoring the unequal ability of Americans to adopt more healthy behavior and for underestimating the social, economic, and political causes of disease. Many critics hypothesize that health education in a less bourgeois society would be more equitable and less individualistic. This article tests that hypothesis by analyzing the current Cuban health education program aimed at the reduction of chronic diseases. It argues that while the Cuban program appears to be every bit as individualistic as the North American program, theirs may not be comparable to ours because Cubans are less likely than Americans to reify the state. At least among supporters of the revolution, Cubans do not automatically make a conceptual distinction between the individual and the society. Discussions about responsibility for disease prevention take on new meaning in this light.
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Ricardo-Ochoa, Elena, Aime Acosta-Mir, and Dayamí Danyelis Gelabert-Veliz. "Estudio social multidisciplinario de una comunidad cubana." Revista Transdiciplinaria de Estudios Sociales y Tecnológicos 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.58594/rtest.v2i3.52.
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En el presente estudio se realiza un estudio social, desde un enfoque multidisciplinario, desde factores demográficos y socioeconómicos que influyen en la reproducción de vulnerabilidades sociales en una comunidad residencial cubana, sin negar los logros obtenidos en Cuba y la prioridad que esta sociedad otorga a la búsqueda de mayores grados de igualdad. Los autores, por consiguiente, no limitan su acercamiento al tema desde una mirada a los factores internos y externos que generan una creciente complejidad de la sociedad cubana, a nivel regional y de comunidad local; sino que, principalmente, a partir de la interpretación de los resultados de un estudio empírico en una comunidad residencial, y sin perder de vista las interrelaciones macro-meso y micro sociales, se acercan a factores interrelacionados, como color de la piel, grupo etario, origen territorial, tipo de barrio residencial, tipo de familia y situación socioeconómica, lo que en conjunto verifica y amplía los resultados de otros estudios sobre el tema, realizados en la sociedad cubana.
Palabras clave:
Comunidad, factores demográficos, socioeconómicos.
ABSTRACT
In the present study, a social study is carried out, from a multidisciplinary approach, from demographic and socioeconomic factors that influence the reproduction of social vulnerabilities in a Cuban residential community, without denying the achievements obtained in Cuba and the priority that this society gives to the search for greater degrees of equality. The authors, therefore, do not limit their approach to the topic to a look at the internal and external factors that generate a growing complexity in Cuban society, at the regional and local community level; Rather, mainly from the interpretation of the results of an empirical study in a residential community, and without losing sight of the macro-meso and micro social interrelations, they approach interrelated factors, such as skin color, age group, territorial origin, type of residential neighborhood, type of family and socioeconomic situation, which together verify and expand the results of other studies on the subject, carried out in Cuban society.
Keywords:
Community, demographic, socioeconomic factors.
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Cruikshank, Stephen. "CONCRETE IMPRESSIONS: A POETIC VISION OF CUBAN GRAFFITI." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 6, no. 1 (November 4, 2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9t32h.
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For those familiar with the sight of Cuban streets, particularly that of Havana, the photos represented in this series of short poems will not be of surprise seeming as different forms of graffiti seen in words, phrases from famous revolutionaries, or quotations from Cuban patriarchs are a common sight and form of political and ideological expression in Cuban culture. Graffiti in this sense sparks not a feeling of societal rebellion in Cuba, but rather takes a very different place in urban Cuban culture promoting often revolutionary ideologies of the past through historical figures and words plastered along concrete walls and structures. Concrete walls, often the urban back drop of such graffiti, takes the form of a common motif throughout these five poems. Concrete represents a structure of durability and consistency that appeals to the message of graffiti throughout the island. Within such a metaphorical statement erupts a scandal of image versus reality in Cuban society, a society which arguably sees revolutionary ideology at work on walls perhaps at times more than within Cuba's growing modern culture that eagerly seeks ways to break through the old concrete ridden streets. That is to say, one is left to question whether the image on the concrete is as "concrete" as it appears.
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Hansing, Katrin, and Bert Hoffmann. "When Racial Inequalities Return: Assessing the Restratification of Cuban Society 60 Years After Revolution." Latin American Politics and Society 62, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lap.2019.59.
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ABSTRACTFew political transformations have attacked social inequalities more thoroughly than the 1959 Cuban Revolution. As the survey data in this article show, however, sixty years on, structural inequalities are returning that echo the prerevolutionary socioethnic hierarchies. While official Cuban statistics are mute about social differences along racial lines, the authors were able to conduct a unique, nationwide survey with more than one thousand respondents that shows the contrary. Amid depressed wages in the state-run economy, access to hard currency has become key. However, racialized migration patterns of the past make for highly unequal access to family remittances, and the gradual opening of private business disfavors Afro- Cubans, due to their lack of access to prerevolutionary property and startup capital. Despite the political continuity of Communist Party rule, a restructuring of Cuban society with a profound racial bias is turning back one of the proudest achievements of the revolution.
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Peralta, Lourdes, and Dulce Gonzalez. "The Practice of Anthropology in Cuba." Practicing Anthropology 21, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.21.3.7822n60544242012.
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The present orientation of sociocultural anthropology research in Cuba has its roots in the Nineteenth century. As our society developed, so too did sociocultural anthropology. However, in Cuba's long history, the Cuban Revolution of 1959 has had the most profound impact on the orientation of the social sciences and many other disciplines in terms of their consolidation and systemization.
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Peer, Kimberly S., and Chelsea L. Jacoby. "Powerful Lessons from Cuban Medical Education Programs: Fostering the Social Contract in Athletic Training Programs." Athletic Training Education Journal 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1404275.
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Context The Cuban medical education and health care systems provide powerful lessons to athletic training educators, clinicians, and researchers to guide educational reform initiatives and professional growth. Objective The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the Cuban medical education system to create parallels for comparison and growth strategies to implement within athletic training in the United States. Background Cubans have experienced tremendous limitations in resources for decades yet have substantive success in medical education and health care programs. As a guiding practice, Cubans focus on whole-patient care and have established far-reaching research networks to help substantiate their work. Synthesis Cuban medical education programs emphasize prevention, whole-patient care, and public health in a unique approach that reflects disablement models recently promoted in athletic training in the United States. Comprehensive access and data collection provide meaningful information for quality improvement of education and health care processes. Active community engagement, education, and interventions are tailored to meet the biopsychosocial needs of individuals and communities. Results Cuban medical education and health care systems provide valuable lessons for athletic training programs to consider in light of current educational reform initiatives. Strong collaborations and rich integration of disablement models in educational programs and clinical practice may provide meaningful outcomes for athletic training programs. Educational reform should be considered an opportunity to expand the athletic training profession by embracing the evolving role of the athletic trainer in the competitive health care arena. Recommendation(s) Through careful consideration of Cuban medical education and health care initiatives, athletic training programs can better meet the contract with society as health care professionals by integrating the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's core competencies of patient care, medical knowledge, practice-based learning and improvement, interpersonal and communication skills, professionalism, and systems-based practice now promoted in the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education's 2020 Standards for Accreditation of Professional Athletic Training Programs. Conclusion(s) Educational and health care outcomes drive change. Quality improvement efforts transcend both education and health care. Athletic training can learn valuable lessons from the Cubans about innovation, preventative medicine, patient-centered community outreach, underserved populations, research initiatives, and globalization. Not unlike Cuba, athletic training has a unique opportunity to embrace the challenges associated with change to create a better future for athletic training students and professionals.
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Caraway, Rose. "The Spiritual Dimensions of the Permaculture Movement in Cuba." Religions 9, no. 11 (November 3, 2018): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9110342.
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Following the collapse of the Soviet Bloc, Cuba experienced an acute economic crisis in the 1990s known as the “Special Period”. This crisis challenged not only the state’s ability to provide for Cubans’ material needs, but also the moral vision of creating a “New Human” within the Revolution’s political framework. During the Special Period, a variety of new religious and civil society movements emerged to meet both the material and spiritual needs of Cubans. Permaculture, a holistic design system that arrived from Australia in 1993, promotes more harmonious relationships between human beings and nature through a set of three ethical principles: (1) Care for the Earth; (2) Care for People; and (3) Sharing Resources. Within the Cuban context, the growing permaculture movement is part of a larger set of religious and civil society revivals since the fall of the Soviet Bloc. Using qualitative fieldwork, this paper argues that permaculture is functioning as a religious-like movement in Cuba because it provides both spiritual and material benefits to individuals through networks of mutual aid and social solidarity. The permaculture movement also provides flexibility for individual perspectives about nature as sacred and having intrinsic value apart from usefulness to humans.
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Otero, Gerardo, and Janice O'Bryan. "Cuba in Transition? The Civil Sphere's Challenge to the Castro Regime." Latin American Politics and Society 44, no. 04 (2002): 29–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2002.tb00222.x.
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Abstract This article assesses how much the emergence of civil society and private market activities are challenging Cuba's ruling communist regime. The assessment is based on a conceptualization of a “civil sphere,” constituted by civil society and private market activities (or the “second economy”), and how this affects democratic transitions from state-socialist societies, using Cuba as a case study. Examining the multiple sectors at play reveals an increasingly organized and vocal opposition, but one hampered by continued government repression. Considering several theoretical and historically possible scenarios, this study concludes that under current conditions, the civil sphere's significant challenge is still not enough for a regime change in the Cuban state.
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Luis Sosa, Jorge, and Addiel Pérez Díaz. "ANÁLISIS HISTÓRICO DEL DESARROLLO LOCAL EN CUBA DESDE EL ENFOQUE DE LA DESCENTRALIZACIÓN Y LA PARTICIPACIÓN / / / \ \ \ HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN CUBA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DECENTRALIZATION AND PARTICIPATION." TERRA: Revista de Desarrollo Local, no. 6 (July 29, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/terra.6.16425.
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Resumen. El artículo esboza los antecedentes del desarrollo local que se fueron materializando en la búsqueda de un modelo económico, social y político que comienza a gestarse con el triunfo de la Revolución Cubana. Se presentan las particularidades de los gobiernos locales en nuestro contexto y cómo a diferencia de la ocurrencia de procesos reales de descentralización a nivel regional, nuestro país fue orientándose cada vez más hacia un modelo excesivamente centralizado. Al mismo tiempo se contextualiza el surgimiento del tema del desarrollo local en los noventa y las iniciativas generadas a raíz de los cambios ocurridos en el período señalado. Se ofrecen también las contradicciones y rasgos más esenciales que marcan el debate por el desarrollo y los gobiernos locales en el contexto actual. Se valoran las posibilidades que existen, desde los territorios y en especial en los gobiernos locales para propiciar procesos de desarrollo local.
Palabras clave: Cuba, gobierno local, crisis de la sociedad cubana, descentralización.
Abstract. The article outlines the antecedents of local development that were materialized in the search for an economic, social, and political model that begins to take shape with the triumph of the Cuban Revolution. The particularities of local governments are presented in our context and how, unlike the occurrence of real decentralization processes at the regional level, our country was increasingly oriented towards an excessively centralized model. At the same time, the emergence of the issue of local development in the 1990s and the initiatives generated because of the changes that took place during the indicated period are contextualized. The most essential contradictions and features that mark the debate over development and local governments in the current context are also offered. The possibilities that exist, from the territories and especially in local governments to promote local development processes, are valued.
Key words: Cuba, local government, crisis of cuban society, decentralization.
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Rodríguez, Raime R., Milena Alves, and Carlos A. Ramos. "Propriedade dos meios de produção em Cuba: Origens e atualidade do debate econômico." enero-abril 30, no. 1 (November 28, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18232/20073496.1304.
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Aguirre, M., Monal, I., & García, D. (1980). El leninismo en “La historia me absolverá”. La Habana. Ciencias Sociales, 46. Alonso, A. (2009). ¿Existen aún modelos alternativos? Cuba: el desarrollo y el nuevo contexto internacional. En El laberinto tras la caída del muro (pp. 179-192). Buenos Aires: Ruth Casa Editorial Clacso. Álvarez, A. e Águila, R. (2016). Mercados agropecuarios en Cuba: evolución, análisis y mejora. Revista Economía y Desarrollo, 156(1), 200-218. Banco Mundial. (2020). World Development Indicators | DataBank [Database, anos 1996-2020]. Recuperado de https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators Bettelheim, C. (1975). The transition to socialist economy. Brighton: Harvester. Bettelheim, C. (1964). Formas y métodos de la planificación socialista y nivel de desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas. El Trimestre Económico, 31(4), 513-534. Cabrera, G. e Hernández, A. (2020). Reporte del estado de transparencia en los sitios Web ministeriales de Cuba. Alcance, 9(23), 132-152. Campos, P. (2011). Democracia para controlar la burocracia. Kaos en la red. Recuperado de https://observatoriocriticodesdecuba.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/compendio-oc-julio-08_2011.pdf Chaguaceda, A. e Centeno, R. (2011). Cuba: una mirada socialista de las reformas. Espacio Laical, 1, 50-53. Cohen, S. (1979). The Friends and Foes of Change: Reformism and Conservatism in the Soviet Union. Slavic Review, 38(2), 187-202. doi: 10.2307/2497078 Constitución Política de la República de Cuba de 1940 (2008). [Const.]. (2021, 28 de maio) Artigos 23, 24. Título IV - Derechos fundamentales Recuperado em: https://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Cuba/cuba1940.html Dagnino, R. e Novaes, H. (2007). As forças produtivas e a transição ao socialismo: Contrastando as concepções de Paul Singer e István Mészáros. ORG & DEMO, 8(1/2), 23-46. doi: 10.36311/1519-0110.2007.v8n1/2.381 Díaz, J. (2000). Tierra y relaciones de dependencia económica en Cuba (1510-1958). Economía y Desarrollo, 126(1), 95-117. Espinosa, O. (2006). La crisis de la producción agropecuaria cubana: Causas y posibles soluciones. Annual Proceedings Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, 6. Recuperado de https://www.ascecuba.org/asce_proceedings/la-crisis-de-la-produccion-agropecuaria-cubana-causas-y-posibles-soluciones/ Fernández, J. (1980). El sistema de dirección y planificación de la economía en Cuba y las relaciones monetarias-mercantiles. Problemas del Desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía, 11(42), 170-178. García, A. e González, R. (2016). Mercados agropecuarios en Cuba: Evolución, análisis y mejora. Economía y Desarrollo, 156, 200-218. García, J. (2013). Reforma de los noventa y actualización del socialismo en cuba: Continuidad y ruptura. Economía y Desarrollo, 149(1), 35-53. Guanche, J. (2009). Autocríticas. Un diálogo al interior de la tradición socialista. La Habana: Ciencias Sociales/Ruth Casa Editorial. Guevara, C. (1964). Sobre el sistema presupuestario de financiamiento. Recuperado 4 de diciembre de 2000, de Marxist Internet Archive website: https://www.marxists.org/espanol/guevara/64-finan.htm Hernández, R. e Pañellas, D. (2020). Sobre los conceptos de propiedad social y mercado [Cubarte Portal de la Cultura Cubana]. Recuperado de Catalejo. El blog de Temas | Política y Sociedad website: http://cubarte.cult.cu/revista-temas/sobre-los-conceptos-de-propiedad-social-y-mercado/ Kerblay, B. (1963). Les propositions de Liberman pour un projet de réforme de l’entreprise en U.R.S.S. Cahiers du Monde Russe, 4(3), 301-311. Liberman, E. (1969). Le plan, le profit, la prime. Pravda. Littlejohn, G. (1979). State, plan and market in the transition to socialism: The legacy of Bukharin. Economy and Society, 8(2), 206-239. doi: 10.1080/03085147900000008 Machado, D. (1993). Nuestro propio camino. Análisis del proceso de rectificación en Cuba. La Habana: Política. Mandel, E. (1967). El debate económico en Cuba durante el periodo 1963-1964. En El gran debate sobre la economía en Cuba, 1963-1964 (pp. 347-357). La Habana: Ciencias Sociales. Marín de León, I. e Rivera, C. (2015). La gestión pública y el desarrollo del sector cooperativo en Cuba. Cooperativismo y Desarrollo, 3(2), 117-125. Marx, K. e Engels, F. (2020). Manifiesto Comunista. La Montaña: Ediciones Socialistas. Recuperado de https://books.google.com.br/books?id=JGvwDwAAQBAJ Mesa-Lago, C. (1991). El proceso de rectificación en Cuba: causas políticas y efectos económicos. Estudios Políticos, 74, 497-530. Mesa-Lago, C. (2010). El desempleo en Cuba: de lo oculto a visible. ¿Podrá emplearse el millón de trabajadores que será despedido? Espacio Laical, 6(4), 59-66. Mesa-Lago, C. (2013). Los cambios en la propiedad en las reformas económicas estructurales de Cuba. Espacio Laical, 9(1), 79-92. Miranda, O. (1996). Cuba/USA: nacionalizaciones y bloqueo. La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales. Noguera, A. (2004). Estructura social e igualdad en la Cuba actual: Los efectos de la reforma de los noventa sobre la estructura de clases cubana. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 76, 45-59. doi: 10.18352/erlacs.9684 Nova, Ar. (2008). El sector agropecuario en Cuba. Nueva Sociedad. Democracia y política en América Latina, 216, 77-89. Partido Comunista Cubano. (1978). 1 Congreso del PCC: Tesis y Resoluciones. Sobre el sistema de dirección y planificación de la economía. PCC. Recuperado de http://congresopcc.cip.cu/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/I-Congreso-PCC.-Tesis-y-Resoluciones-sobre-el-sistema-de-direcci%C3%B3n-y-planificaci%C3%B3n-de-la-econom%C3%ADa.pdf Partido Comunista de Cuba. (2011). Lineamientos de la política económica y social del partido y la revolución. Cuba Debate. Recuperado de https://www.tsp.gob.cu/documentos/lineamientos-de-la-politica-economica-y-social-del-partido-y-la-revolucion Pérez, O. (2011). The political economy of change in Cuba: la actualización del modelo económico cubano. Nueva York. Recuperado de http://cubaproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Omar.Everleny.-2011-Presentation.pdf Pérez, O. e Torres, R. (eds.). (2013). Economía cubana: Ensayos para una reestructuración necesaria. La Habana: Instituto de Información Científica y Tecnológica. Pérez-López, J. e Murillo, L. (2003). El interminable periodo especial de la economía cubana. Foro Internacional, 43(3), 566-590. Quintana, Y. (2013). Inversión extranjera en la agricultura cubana. Una oportunidad para la sustitución de importaciones. Cuba: Investigación Económica, 1(2), 60-75. Ramírez, J. (1988). El sector cooperativo en la agricultura cubana. Revista de Idelcoop, 15(58), 1-16. Richardson, R., Peres, J., Wanderley, J., Correia, L. e Peres, M. (1989). Pesquisa social; métodos e técnicas. Sao Paulo: Atlas. Rodríguez, J. (1987). Agricultural policy and development in Cuba. World Development, 15(1), 23-39. doi: 10.1016/0305-750X(87)90100-8 Rodríguez, J. (2005). Estrategia del desarrollo económico en Cuba. La Habana: Ciencias Sociales. Sociedad Cubana de Derecho Internacional. (1989). Agresiones de EE.UU. a Cuba revolucionaria. La Habana: Ciencias Sociales. Sovilla, B. y García, F. (2013). La economía cubana: entre voluntarismo e intentos de planifcación (1959-2012). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 58(219), 157-187. Sovilla, B. (2019). Dificultades y contradicciones en la construcción del socialismo en Cuba al inicio del periodo revolucionario. América Latina en la Historia Económica, 26(3), 1-20. doi: 10.18232/alhe.983 Terrero, A. (2017). Inversión extranjera en Cuba: amenazas de la lentitud. Cuba Debate. Recuperado de: http://www.cubadebate.cu/opinion/2017/11/06/inversion-extranjera-en-cuba-amenazas-de-la-lentitud/ Tironi B., E. (1973). Debates económicos durante la transición soviética al socialismo. El Trimestre Económico, 160(4), 821-843. Torres, R. e Fernández, O. (2020). El sector privado en el nuevo modelo económico cubano. Estudios del Desarrollo Social, 8(3), 1-13. U-Echevarría, O. (1999). Estado, economía y planificación: Una primera aproximación. Investigación Económica, 5(4), 1-25. Valdés, A., Díaz, O. e Rivas, E. (2018). La propiedad en la transición al Socialismo en Cuba. XIII Coloquio Nacional Carlos Rafael Rodríguez in Memoriam. Presentado en Cienfuegos. Cienfuegos: Universo Sur. Vasconcelos, J. (2012). Acumulação socialista originária e o debate econômico da transição em Cuba. Leituras de Economia Política, 19, 21-49. Vidal, A. (2005). Los procesos nacionalizadores durante la revolución cubana según los testimonios de los inmigrantes gallegos en la isla: 1959-1968. Anuario Americanista Europeo, 3, 61-92. Everleny Pérez Villanueva, O. (2014). La inversión extranjera directa en Cuba: necesidad de su relanzamiento. Economía y Desarrollo, 152(2), 37-52. Villegas, A. (1970). Lenin y la Revolución Cubana. Revista de la Universidad de México. Recuperado de: https://www.revistadelauniversidad.mx/articles/9f78e7f4-06d4-4909-919d-6384070f1391/lenin-y-la-revolucion-cubana
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Viddal, Grete. "Vodú Chic: Haitian Religion and the Folkloric Imaginary in Socialist Cuba." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 86, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2012): 205–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002414.
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During the first three decades of the twentieth century, hundreds of thousands of Haitian agricultural laborers arrived in Cuba seeking employment in the expanding sugar industry. Historically, Haitian cane cutters were marginal and occupied the lowest socio-economic status in Cuban society. Until relatively recently, the maintenance of Haitian spiritual beliefs, music, dance, and language in Cuba were associated with rural isolation and poverty. Today however, the continuation of Haitian customs is no longer linked with isolation, but exactly the opposite: performance troupes, heritage festivals, art exhibitions, the circulation of religious specialists, collaborations with research centers and academia, endorsement by music promoters, and the tourism industry. Cubans of Haitian heritage have found innovative ways to transform the abject into the exotic, and are currently gaining a public voice in cultural production, particularly through folkloric performance.
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Acanda González, Jorge Luis. "Cuban Civil Society." NACLA Report on the Americas 39, no. 4 (January 2006): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2006.11725332.
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Dilla Alfonso, Haroldo. "Cuban Civil Society." NACLA Report on the Americas 39, no. 4 (January 2006): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2006.11725333.
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Kuntz, Diane, and Cheryl Jackson. "The Politics of Suffering: The Impact of the U.S. Embargo on the Health of the Cuban People." International Journal of Health Services 24, no. 1 (January 1994): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/l6vn-57rr-aflk-xw90.
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The past several years have been difficult for the Cuban people. The economies of Cuba's major trading partners have collapsed. The 33-year U.S. embargo was tightened with passage of “The Cuban Democracy Act of 1992” to include trade—mostly in food and medicines—by subsidiaries of U.S. companies in other countries. The March 1993 “Storm of the Century,” which devastated communities from the Caribbean to Canada, caused an estimated $1 billion in damage to Cuba. A mysterious disease known as neuropathy, which can affect vision, appeared in late 1991 and has spread throughout the island. All this has created a situation of scarcity and uncertainty that has affected all aspects of Cuban society, including its health care system. In June 1993 a delegation that included members of the American Public Health Association traveled to Cuba to investigate the current health situation in the country, with an emphasis on the impact of the U.S. embargo. The delegation found that compared to two and three years ago, the general standard of living in Cuba and the quality of health services have declined dramatically. It concluded that while the overall health of the Cuban population has not yet seriously eroded as a result of the economic decline, severe problems threaten to emerge in the future. The delegation called for lifting of the embargo as part of a new approach in U.S. policy toward Cuba.
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Sergeev, A. L. "Political Principles of the Cuban Socialism Doctrine: Towards the History of Emergence and Development." Lex Russica, no. 12 (December 23, 2021): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.181.12.122-133.
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Socialism as a political trend and a system of certain ideological positions has been experiencing a kind of renaissance in recent years. Cuban socialism is a special phenomenon of recent history, which has continuously existed and developed for six decades in the most difficult conditions of the North American foreign economic blockade and in the presence of other threats of a socio-political nature. Solving numerous issues of practical and transformative activity, the Cuban socialist doctrine generalized and formulated many new theoretical propositions, a number of which will be able to significantly influence the formation of an updated socialist doctrine claiming the ideological and semantic possibility of a world alternative.The paper analyzes the basic principles characterizing the doctrine of Cuban socialism in matters of ethics, relations with the church, the foundations of education, assessing the prospects of the institution of statehood in the 21st century, and evaluating other political projects that had points of joint intersection with Cuban socialist theory and practice.Cuban socialism is a specific phenomenon that arose as a result of a number of objective and subjective factors. By the end of the 1950s the century-and-a-half struggle of Cubans against colonial and then neocolonial exploitation were intensified by the Soviet vector and its influence in the international arena as the second great power with the aggravation of the Cold War. These factors together with the “island life” on a par with the Catholic, peasant community of the majority of the population, the sacrifice and service of several generations of the young Cuban elite, the combination of the cult of courage and guerrilla traditions with the special cruelty and repressiveness of the Spanish colonial apparatus of the 21st century, and then relying on American support of the Cuban dictatorships of the first half of the 20th century is a set of factors that gave rise to the “spring effect” in the social consciousness of the island society. In addition to objectively determined reasons, a huge role in the long-term maturation of the conditions for the emergence of the Cuban socialist project was played by the traditional personality for the Ibero-American culture. All of the above would have been impossible outside of the long-term activities of a whole galaxy of brilliant Cuban political leaders.
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Dembicz, Katarzyna. "Cubans: a Vulnerable Society?" Ad Americam 17, no. 17 (2016): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/adamericam.17.2016.17.08.
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Gutierrez-Boronat, Orlando. "The Cuban Civic Movement." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 18, no. 1 (2006): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2006181/210.
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During the 1990s, the dissident movement in Cuba has grown in effectiveness, popular participation, and intemational support. While facing a first-generation totalitarian regime, with a sophisticated repressive apparatus, the civic movement in the Island has persevered and grown in spite of constant persecution, offering hope for political, social, and economic change from within Cuba itself. This essay seeks to provide a brief overview of the civic movement in Cuba covering its social origins and growth, theoretical repercussions of its existence, major leaders and initiatives, its relationship with the Cuban exile community, its ideological history and development, intemational support, and its current status in light of recent events affecting political conditions in the Island. Born initially out of dissident cells within Cuba's revolutionary movement and the Communist Party, the dissident movement in Cuba has transformed itself into a microcosm of a re-emerging civil society through which Cuban citizens are reclaiming their sovereignity and constructing the blueprint for a new Republic. The Varela Project is of particular significance for the development of the civic movement in Cuba.
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LEOGRANDE, WILLIAM M. "Cuba's Perilous Political Transition to the Post-Castro Era." Journal of Latin American Studies 47, no. 2 (April 2, 2015): 377–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x15000103.
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AbstractIn the years since Raúl Castro took office as president following Fidel Castro's illness and retirement, Cuba has embarked on four major transitions almost simultaneously: a restructuring of elite decision-making; a transformation of Cuba's centrally-planned economy into a market socialist economy; a relaxation of tight social control, providing greater social autonomy for civil society and even a degree of political decompression; and, a transition from the founding generation of the political elite (los históricos) to a successor generation, when neither Castro will hold power. Each of these processes by itself entails political risk; unfolding together, they constitute the greatest political challenge the Cuban regime has faced since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
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Parra Linares, Edwar, and Carlos Antonio Lanio Posada. "Epidemiological behavior of COVID-19 in the early phase of the pandemic in Cuba." Medwave 21, no. 01 (February 23, 2021): e8111-e8111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2021.01.8111.
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COVID-19 to date has caused hundreds of thousands of deaths in the world, becoming one of the worst pandemics in history. It all started in the People's Republic of China and quickly spread to the rest of the world. In this article, we seek to characterize the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Cuba during the first 80 days. For this article, we used observation and both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data. We relied on statistical methodologies to validate the research. The study covered the days between March 11 and May 29, 2020. We analyzed the daily reports published by the Cuban Ministry of Public Health, this ministry's official website, and Cubadebate. Until May 29, the fifteen provinces of our country and the special municipality of Isla de la Juventud had confirmed positive cases, while the epicenter of the epidemic was the province of Havana. The coronavirus pandemic is a considerable challenge for the whole of Cuban society. A free health system, an inclusive social regime, and extensive experience in fine-tuning policies were some of Cuba's main strengths in facing the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Nohr, Laura, Theresa Steinhäuser, Alexis Lorenzo Ruiz, Juan Emilio Sandoval Ferrer, and Ulrike von Lersner. "Causal attribution for mental illness in Cuba: A thematic analysis." Transcultural Psychiatry 56, no. 5 (June 10, 2019): 947–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461519853649.
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Explanatory models (EMs) for illness are highly relevant for patients, and they are also important for clinical diagnoses and treatment. EMs serve to capture patients' personal illness narratives and can help reveal how culture influences these narratives. While much research has aimed to understand EMs in the Western hemisphere, less research has been done on other cultures. Therefore, we investigated local causal attributions for mental illness in Cuba because of its particular history and political system. Although Cuban culture shares many values with Latin American cultures because of Spanish colonization, it is unique because of its socialist political and economic context, which might influence causal attributions. Thus, we developed a qualitative interview outline based on the Clinical Ethnographic Interview and administered interviews to 14 psychiatric patients in Havana. We conducted a thematic analysis to identify repeated patterns of meaning. Six patterns of causal attribution for mental illness were identified: (1) Personal shortcomings, (2) Family influences, (3) Excessive demands, (4) Cultural, economic, and political environment in Cuba, (5) Physical causes, and (6) Symptom-related explanations. In our sample, we found general and Cuba-specific patterns of causal attributions, whereby the Cuba-specific themes mainly locate the causes of mental illness outside the individual. These findings might be related to Cubans' socio-centric personal orientation, the cultural value of familismo and common daily experiences within socialist Cuban society. We discuss how the findings may be related to social stigma and help-seeking behavior.
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Corrigan, Lisa M. "Cuban Feminism: from Suffrage to Exile." Journal for the History of Rhetoric 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.8.1.0131.
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Abstract This paper examines the historical processes that spurred the Cuban feminist movement to articulate positions on suffrage, property rights, reproductive rights, marriage and divorce, children's issues, welfare, and education. It also discusses the changes in Cuban society during the Castro years and how the communist alignment of Cuban society influenced Cuban feminism. Finally, this paper suggests that one of the most interesting spaces to excavate women's history, women's voices and feminist activism is in exile. In exile, we see the hybridity and doubleness that has characterized Cuban life, particularly since the Soviet collapse. Writings by Castro's daughter, Alina Fernandez, help us understand where Cuban women are positioned at the beginning of the 21st century and the subject positioning of women writing in exile.
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Mederos Jiménez, Yaima, and Georgina del Pilar Castro Acevedo. "Conservación de la biodiversidad, reto para la Educación Ambiental Comunitaria en Cuba." Revista Estudios Ambientales - Environmental Studies Journal 9, no. 1 (July 27, 2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47069/estudios-ambientales.v9i1.1013.
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La biodiversidad de Cuba se caracteriza por notables valores de su medio natural, gran diversidad de ecosistemas y el alto grado de endemismo de sus recursos. Sin embargo, la misma ha declinado en diferentes regiones, lo que se evidencia notablemente en territorios ocupados por asentamientos poblacionales. Para mitigar esta problemática se necesita incentivar, en la sociedad cubana, la Educación Ambiental. A partir de ese interés, este artículo presenta un diagnóstico de la Educación Ambiental Comunitaria para la conservación de la biodiversidad, con énfasis en el cuabal, en los pobladores del Callejón de los Patos, de Santa Clara. La perspectiva metodológica que predominó, en la investigación, fue la cualitativa y se incorporó el análisis cuantitativo de los datos para visualizar mejor la tendencia en el análisis de resultados. Los métodos investigativos empleados fueron: la observación, entrevistas en profundidad y estructuradas. Los resultados del diagnóstico evidenciaron insuficientes conocimientos, en los pobladores, relacionados con la biodiversidad, el cuabal como elemento destacado de la misma en la zona, su conservación e importancia. Se detectó ausencia de proyección colectiva de acciones para mitigar los problemas ambientales identificados en el asentamiento.
Abstract
Cuba's biodiversity is characterized by remarkable values of its natural environment, great diversity of ecosystems and the high degree of endemism of its resources. However, it has declined in different regions, which is notably evident in territories occupied by population settlements. To mitigate this problem, it is necessary to encourage Environmental Education in Cuban society. Based on this interest, this article presents a diagnosis of Community Environmental Education for the conservation of biodiversity, with emphasis on the cuabal, in the inhabitants of Callejón de los Patos, in Santa Clara. The methodological perspective that predominated, in the research, was the qualitative one and the quantitative analysis of the data was incorporated to better visualize the trend in the analysis of results. The investigative methods used were: observation, in-depth and structured interviews. The results of the diagnosis showed insufficient knowledge, in the inhabitants, related to biodiversity, the cuabal as a prominent element of it in the area, its conservation and importance. There was a lack of collective projection of actions to mitigate the environmental problems identified in the settlement.
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Valdivia, Ibis Alvarez, Barry H. Schneider, Kenia Lorenzo Chavez, and Xinyin Chen. "Social withdrawal and maladjustment in a very group-oriented society." International Journal of Behavioral Development 29, no. 3 (May 2005): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01650250544000008.
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Elementary-school children in Cuba and Canada participated in measures of loneliness, sociometric status, friendship, aggression, and social withdrawal. Withdrawal was associated with loneliness in the Cuban data from both cohorts, Grade 4 and Grade 6. In the Canadian data, withdrawal was only linked to loneliness in Grade 6. In contrast with North American data, aggression was a significant correlate of loneliness in the Cuban data from both cohorts. Social withdrawal was more strongly linked with loneliness in a Grade 6 cohort than among children in Grade 4. Especially in the Cuban Grade 6 data, there was considerable evidence that peer acceptance/rejection mediates the link between problematic social withdrawal and loneliness. These data are interpreted in light of the known functions of the peer group in Cuban society in regulating social behaviours that may be interpreted as not participating in the collective group or undermining its behavioural norms.
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Castellanos Llanos, Gabriela. "Identidades raciales y de género en la santería afrocubana." La Manzana de la Discordia 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v4i1.1475.
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Resumen: Se exploran las concepciones de géneroen la santería o regla de Ocha una religión que tieneconsecuencias culturales muy importantes en Cuba tantodesde el punto de vista étnico y racial como para lasrelaciones de género. Este trabajo analiza algunas deestas consecuencias, planteando sus implicaciones parala identidad racial afrocubana, centrándose en lascaracterísticas del sistema de género que está implícitoen las creencias y en los rituales de la santería. El trabajobosqueja las características principales de la santería yalgunos aspectos de su posible efecto en el racismo enCuba, antes de examinar el estatus de las mujeres enesta religión. Se refuta la afirmación de una investigadorade que en la sociedad yoruba tradicional no existe elconcepto de mujer como inferior que es típico delpatriarcado occidental, o de otra de que la santeríacubana es una religión de base femenina, donde lofemenino es normativo. Sin embargo, se concluye quelas concepciones occidentales de la división radical delos dos sexos en dos entidades totalmente rígidas y biendelimitadas, están ausentes en la santería.Palabras clave: religiones afro-cubanas, santería,identidad, raza, géneroAbstract: This article explores the conceptions ofgender in santería or Regla de Ocha, a religion whichhas important cultural consequences in Cuba both forracial and gender relations. It analyzes some of theseconsequences for Afro-Cuban racial identity and focuseson the gender system implicit in beliefs and rituals in santería. The text portrays the major characteristics of santería and some of its possible effects on racism in Cuba, before examining the status of women in this religion. It refutes the claim by one researcher that in traditional Yoruba society there is no concept of women as inferior as found in Western patriarchy, and that of another researcher that Cuban santería is a femalebased religion, where femininity is normative. However, it is concluded that Western conceptions of the radical split of the sexes in two rigid and well-defined entities are absent in santería.Key words: Afro-Cuban religions, santería, identity,race, gender
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Goodwin, Jamie. "The Double Character of Cuban Protestantism and Philanthropy." Religions 9, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9090265.
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In Cuba and the United States, Protestant institutions exist that are both reflective and nonreflective about their culture’s influence on belief and practice. The case of Cuba sheds light on how Christian churches and voluntary associations operate in an authoritarian regime. Despite the tension and enmity that have typified Cuba’s geopolitical relationship with the United States since the colonial days, cross-cultural Christian philanthropic partnerships exist. The “doble carácter” (double character) of Cuban Protestant churches has grown out of both collaboration with, and resistance to U.S.-style evangelicalism (Arce Valentín 2016). Adaptations of liberation theology, adopted among Cuban Christians, provide an influential counterweight to the mighty Western theological and philanthropic tradition (González 2012). The nature of this engagement influences Cuban civil society, the survival of the Cuban regime, and provides an extreme case for cross-cultural philanthropy worldwide. This socio-historical account utilizes the data collected from personal interviews with Cuban Protestant leaders, primary sources found in the library at the San Cristobal Presbyterian Seminary and Cuban theological journals, and a qualitative analysis of literature on Cuba, Protestants, missions, philanthropy, nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and civil society.
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Waldnerová, Jana. "The silent world of Reinaldo Arenas’s novels." Ars Aeterna 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aa-2018-0010.
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AbstractThe paper focuses on the life and poetics of Cuban writer Reinaldo Arenas, an important representative of Cuban gay literature, who, due to his sexual orientation and eventual opposition to the Revolution, was silenced by the Cuban government and exposed to continual threats. His novels, which depict the hardship of and discrimination against ordinary people and gay members of Cuban society (for example Old Rosa and Farewell to the Sea), reveal also signs of the deep trauma that the writer suffered and its impact on his writing.
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Nodal, Roberto. "The Black Man in Cuban Society." Journal of Black Studies 16, no. 3 (March 1986): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002193478601600302.
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Morin, Emilio Ichikawa. "The moral basis of Cuban Society." Society 40, no. 3 (March 2003): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12115-003-1040-x.
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de los Ángeles de Varona Hernández, María. "Cooperation: an essential means for conducting and developing the activities of the Cuban Red Cross." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 323 (June 1998): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400090975.
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The Cuban Red Cross, which was founded on 10 March 1909, was recognized by Presidential Decree No. 401 of the same year as an “aid society auxiliary to the public authorities”. For more than half a century its activities remained rather modest, focusing on health care for the most needy groups in Cuban society, for example by setting up dispensaries and offering medical and dental services at no charge or for a nominal fee.
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Cuenca-Ibañez, Damaris, Rebeca Rodríguez-Mastrapa, and Yurima Otero-Góngora. "La preparación para el empleo de los profesionales de la educación." Revista Transdiciplinaria de Estudios Sociales y Tecnológicos 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.58594/rtest.v1i3.23.
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La educación superior cubana está comprometida con la formación de los profesionales desde un modelo de universidad moderna, científica, tecnológica, humanista, universalizada e innovadora; en un complejo proceso integrado a la sociedad para la construcción de un socialismo próspero y sostenible, está caracterizada además por la formación de valores para lograr egresados con cualidades que le permitan desempeñarse exitosamente en diversos sectores de la sociedad. En el proceso de investigación se detectaron insuficiencias en la formación de los profesionales de carreras pedagógicas lo que limitan su desempeño en los contextos educativos y limitan el desarrollo, perfeccionamiento y actualización permanente de los modos de actuación profesional. La preparación para el empleo de los graduados universitarios contribuye al desarrollo y perfeccionamiento de modos de actuación profesional específicos en ámbitos concretos de desempeño y su perfeccionamiento resulta necesario en el presente estudio.
Palabras clave:
Preparación para el empleo, modos de actuación profesional, formación de los profesionales de carreras pedagógicas.
ABSTRACT
Cuban higher education is committed to the training of professionals from a modern, scientific, technological, humanistic, universalized and innovative university model; in a complex process integrated into society for the construction of a prosperous and sustainable socialism, it is also characterized by the formation of values to achieve graduates with qualities that allow them to perform successfully in various sectors of society. In the research process, insufficiencies were detected in the training of professionals in pedagogical careers, which limits their performance in educational contexts and limits the development, improvement and permanent updating of professional performance modes. The preparation for employment of university graduates contributes to the development and improvement of specific professional performance modes in specific areas of performance and its improvement is necessary in this study.
Keywords:
Preparation for employment, modes of professional performance, training of professionals in pedagogical careers.
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Fernández, Gastón, and León Narváez. "Refugees and Human Rights in Costa Rica: The Mariel Cubans." International Migration Review 21, no. 2 (June 1987): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100209.
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Historically, Costa Rican refugee policies have reflected a broad human rights perspective consistent with international principles. However, the reception and subsequent treatment of Mariel Cubans took place in an increasingly negative context, namely a substantial increase in the number of Salvadorans and Nicaraguans requiring assistance. As a result, the skills, educational levels and occupational experiences of the Mariel Cubans were not considered assets for Costa Rican development. Costa Rica, the host society for hundreds of Mariel Cubans, raised obstacles to the effective utilization of those assets. These obstacles raise questions about aspects of Costa Rica's longstanding commitment to human rights.
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Carolina Luz, de la Torre Molina. "Psychology in Cuba after 1959." History & Philosophy of Psychology 8, no. 1 (2006): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpp.2006.8.1.12.
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The development of psychology in Cuba since the 1959 revolution is described. Psychology in Cuba has been marked throughout by the practical needs of Cuban society and, as such, four phases can be distinguished: 1) The immediate post-revolutionary phase (1960s) of large-scale social transformation and the use of psychology to support this. 2) The 1970s, marked by the continuation of the previous efforts and, at the same time, a‘relatively uncritical’ importation of Soviet models into both society and psychology. 3) A period of considerable development of a distinctively Cuban approach in the 1980s. 4) The special period from the fall of the Soviet Union, marked by an initial crisis in psychology and then a recovery, with wider respect and demand for psychological expertise in multiple spheres of Cuban society. The development of psychology is analysed through these phases in terms of both the growth of the profession and the evolution of its content.
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Miller, Ivor. "Cuban Abakuá Chants: Examining New Linguistic and Historical Evidence for the African Diaspora." African Studies Review 48, no. 1 (April 2005): 23–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2005.0030.
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Abstract:The Cuban Abakuá society—derived from the Èfik Ékpè and Ejagham Úgbè societies of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon—was founded in Havana in the 1830s by captured leaders of Cross River villages. This paper examines the process by which West African Ékpè members were able to understand contemporary Cuban Abakuá chants, and indicates how these texts may be used as historical documents. This methodology involves first recording and interpreting Abakuá chants with Cuban elders, and then interpreting these same chants with the aid of West African Èfik speakers. The correlation of data in these chants with those in documents created by Europeans and Africans from the eighteenth to twentieth centuries indicates a vocabulary that includes many geographic and ethnic names and an occasional historical figure. These examples may lead to a reevaluation of the extent to which African identity and culture were transmitted during the transAtlantic diaspora. Abakuá intellectuals have used commercial recordings to extol their history and ritual lineages. Evidence indicates that Cuban Abakuá identity is based on detailed knowledge of ritual lineages stemming from specific locations in their homelands, and not upon a vague notion of an African “national” or “ethnic” identity. The persistence of the Abakuá society contradicts the official construction of a Cuban national identity.
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Hernandez, MSc Luis Remedios. "Aquaculture, society and environment: A Cuban approach." Journal of Aquaculture and Marine Biology 11, no. 2 (October 25, 2022): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2022.11.00341.
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Guach-Estévez, Jorge Luís. "Manifestaciones de discriminación y racismo en la sociedad cubana actual." Revista Transdiciplinaria de Estudios Sociales y Tecnológicos 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.58594/rtest.v1i3.26.
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La sociedad cubana y las ciencias sociales se han abierto a un fructífero debate sobre los principales problemas que afectan el consenso nacional y las vías para enmendarlos. Nunca como antes en 60 años, se vive un período de tan febril intercambio e investigación. Problemas como la pobreza, la corrupción, la diversidad sexual, la violencia de género, la equidad en el desarrollo territorial, las brechas generacionales, ocupan un espacio creciente en los análisis científicos. Especial lugar e interés despiertan las indagaciones sobre la discriminación y el racismo, temas hasta fecha reciente considerados tabúes. En el presente artículo, se abordan las discusiones teóricas sobre razas, racismo en la Isla, las causalidades de su permanencia y principales manifestaciones de las formas estructurales y subjetivas que se pueden distinguir en el país.
Palabras clave:
Racismo, racismo estructural, racismo subjetivo.
ABSTRACT
The cuban society and the social sciences have opened up to a fruitful debate on the main problems that affect the national consent and the ways to amend them. Along 60 years, never as before a period of so feverish interchange and investigation is being lived. Problems like poverty, the corruption, the sexual diversity, the violence of gender, the equity in territorial development, occupy an increasing space in the analyses. Especial place and interest arouse the investigations on discrimination and racism, themes recently still considered taboos. In this article theoretic argument on races, racism at the island, the causalities of his permanence and the principal manifestations of the structural and cultural forms of racism still present in the country are discussed.
Keywords:
Racism, structural racism, subjective racism.
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Boreyko, Anton. "The special period in Cuban history (1991-2000)." Latin-American Historical Almanac 30, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2021-30-1-185-200.
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The modern socio-economic model of Cuba is a unique example of an attempt to build a welfare state in extremely unfavorable conditions. Over the course of 30 years, since the collapse of the USSR and the so-cialist bloc, Cuban society has undergone several major transfor-mations, the most radical were the reforms of Raul Castro, which began in 2008 and were finally enshrined in the new constitution 11 years lat-er. In this article, the author puts forward a hypothesis that these re-forms are not something qualitatively new, but rather reflect the acceler-ating pace of transformations that were laid back during the "special pe-riod in peacetime", the most critical stage in the adaptation of Cuban society to new foreign economic and foreign policy realities. The author analyzes the key features of the economic policy of the Cuban govern-ment during this period, as well as its specific features in comparison with the neoliberal reforms that became mainstream for the post-soviet states.
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Vasquez, Miguel. "Commentary an Applied Anthropologist in Cuba." Practicing Anthropology 21, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.21.3.7m1638747823p876.
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The following Commentary by Miguel Vasquez is not connected to the previous section on Practicing Anthropology in Cuba. Miguel urges us to re-examine some of the potential lessons of the Cuban social revolution as they might pertain to North American society and our views on Cuba. He challenges us to reconsider our criteria for ‘development’ and to engage in more dialogue with Cuban colleagues and citizens.—Editor
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CRISTEA, Mădălina. "The One-footed Roller Skater. A Visual Ethnography of Contemporary Cuba." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 26 (2021): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2021.26.11.
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"This article deals with scarcity of goods, consumption, and the ethics of photographing scarcity of goods in contemporary Cuba. It is based on a six-month ethnographic research conducted in 2015 and 2018 respectively and shows some of the photographs I took during these two visits. In the first part I discuss the scarcity and distribution of goods in and out of socialist environments, differences between capitalism and communism and non-traditional methods of consumption. How do desires of consumption impact people in contemporary communist Cuban society? What is the role of Cuban diaspora in sending so-called capitalist goods to Cuba? It also draws a connecting line between a state-controlled communist economy and specific forms of capitalist entrepreneurship, through the existence of a black market and the distribution of goods between people. The second part of the article questions my position in the field as an outsider who was gradually familiarized with the Cuban understanding of the world more generally, and of consumption specifically. How did locals react to photographs taken by foreigners like me? How can two children share one pair of roller skates and distribute their happiness? Making visible certain aspects of scarcity in contemporary communist Cuban society made me realize that photography has a profound ethical dimension."
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Kiddle, Amelia M. "Between Two Revolutions: Cultural Relations between Mexico and Cuba." Anuario de Historia de América Latina 54 (December 27, 2017): 108–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/jbla.54.23.
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This article examines the role that Revolutionary Mexican foreign policy played within Mexican and Cuban society through an analysis of the 1938 voyage to Havana of the Brigada Mexicana and the 1939 visit to Mexico of Colonel Fulgencio Batista. These goodwill missions contributed to Mexican and Cuban state formation. In the Mexican case, the goodwill mission created domestic support by providing evidence of international support for the oil expropriation of 1938, and in the Cuban case, it provided legitimacy to the Batista regime by demonstrating affinity with the Mexican Revolution. While visiting Mexico in 1939, Batista witnessed the commemoration of the Constitution of 1917. Although he may not have been influenced to emulate its radical content in the Cuban Constitution of 1940, the two documents came to carry tremendous symbolic weight in the populist politics of both countries.
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Pérez, José O. "“Mais Médicos”: Discourses, Bodies, and the Biopolitics of Medical Internationalism." Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad (Rio de Janeiro), no. 34 (April 2020): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-6487.sess.2020.34.02.a.
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Abstract Starting in 2013, the Mais Médicos program brought over 11,400 Cuban doctors to work in Brazil. The program aimed to reduce inequality in access to medical care; but it was met with heavy resistance from Brazilian medical professionals. This article employs Foucault, Butler, and other post-modern thinkers to analyze Mais Médicos. Specifically, we argue that Mais Médicos did not lead to a politicization of Brazilian health care, but rather that pre-existing discourses were called upon to support or counter the arrival of Cuban doc-tors. This discursive struggle resulted in a dispute over biopower within Brazilian society. We base our claims on fieldwork and interviews conducted with Cuban doctors, Brazilian doc-tors, and Brazilian politicians.
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Pérez, José O., and André L. Reis da Silva. "Cuban Medical Internationalism through a Feminist Perspective." Contexto Internacional 41, no. 1 (April 2019): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2019410100004.
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Abstract This article analyses Cuban medical internationalism through a feminist International Relations lens. Our results are based on numerous in-depth semi-structured interviews and fieldwork conducted with both female and male participants in these programmes. The doctors we interviewed have concluded medical missions in countries such as Brazil, Venezuela, Angola and Ghana. We argue that examining Cuban medical internationalism from a feminist IR perspective gives us insights into the nuanced status of feminism within Cuban civil society, how international employment impacts family relations both positively and negatively, and how time spent abroad provides transformative experiences. This paper seeks to contribute to greater conversations on power, agency and gender in the global South.
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Pirone, Tommaso. "Airbnb Lands in Havana." South Atlantic Quarterly 120, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 853–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-9443406.
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Sixty years after Fidel Castro’s revolution overthrew the US’s influence in Cuba, Airbnb has penetrated Havana’s accommodation market, despite strong limitations imposed by the US government. This article analyzes the methods employed by Airbnb to enter the unique Cuban tourist sector, highlighting the adoption of local norms and traditions. For decades, thousands of casas particulares have hosted exchanges between visitors and the local population. Based on ethnographic data collected in Havana, we contend that the “Airbnb model” was present before the gig economy giant arrived in the Cuban capital. On one hand, the arrival of Airbnb may contribute to (re)emerging inequalities in Cuban society, while on the other hand, it has the potential to generate economic opportunities in the island’s bourgeoning private sector. Ultimately, we suggest that the Cuban model of casas particulares should be conceptual-ized as a trailblazer of the international tourist landscape.
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Domínguez Expósito, Julio Alberto. "Los vegueros canarios en Cuba durante el siglo xviii." Cliocanarias, no. 3 (2021): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53335/cliocanarias.2021.3.02.
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Tobacco development in Cuba, combined with the Canarian migrant movements for centuries, were important factors of the politics, business, society and culture in the island. Fusion of two realities, tobacco and canary emigrant made the mythical figure of the tobac-co farmer, who was known as veguero along the cuban history. This article wants to shed light on the subject, who together with the vision of «labrador» and «guajiro», will be part of the Cuban collective imaginary.
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Henriquez, Bruno. "Identity and globalization: The world at a crossroad." Ekistics and The New Habitat 73, no. 436-441 (December 1, 2006): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441127.
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The author, a Cuban Physicist, is currently involved in environmental physics in buildings, sustainable development and the promotion of renewable sources of energy and bioclimatic architecture. He is a member of the board of directors of Cubasolar, Vice President of the Cuban Society of Physics and Director of Energia y tu, the magazine of Cubasolar. He is an adviser to Cubaenergia, the center for the management of information and development on energy, and has a radio and television program. He has published numerous books of which Energy in Buildings Handbook is forthcoming and the result of his last project "Index of Energy Efficiency in Buildings." He is a member of the World Society for Ekistics. The text that follows is a slightly revised and edited version of a paper presented by the author at the internationalsymposion on "Globalization and Local Identity, " organized jointly by the World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005.