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Journal articles on the topic 'Socialt behov'
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1
Poulsen, Jørgen. "Informatikken som utopi." MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research 2, no. 2 (August 22, 1986): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v2i2.689.
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Medieforskerne mødte den nye informationsteknologi med be- tydelig skepsis i begyndelsen af 1980érne. Nu synes pendu- let at være i et andet yderpunkt og utopierne omkring in- formatikkens muligheder blomstrer. Denne artikel forsøger at se informationsteknologien i et socialt perspektiv, i forhold til brugen af andre medier, især TV og radio, og ikke som en kraft "i sig selv". Vores behov for at udføre nye kommunikative handlinger vil være afgørende for infor- matikkens succes. Og her véd vi faktisk moget: I analysen af behovene og deres sociale kontekst (som visse informa- tikutopister synes at glemme) synes indsigterne fra de sid- ste 20 års positivestiske og kritiske medieforskning at være brugbare.
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Hyldegård, Jette Seiden, and Hanne Nexø Jensen. "Klyngevejledning som driver for specialestuderendes videnskabelsesproces." Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift 15, no. 29 (November 2, 2020): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dut.v15i29.119330.
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Øget integration mellem undervisning og forskning efterspørges både nationalt og internationalt. I artiklen ses nærmere på klyngevejledningens muligheder for at understøtte og fremme forskningslignende processer i uddannelsessammenhæng. I et pilotstudie blandt to specialeklynger på Københavns Universitet undersøges klyngevejledningens potentielle bidrag til videnskabelse. Fokus er på de studerendes feedbackaktiviteter samt deres oplevelser og udbytte af klyngevejledning fagligt, socialt og personligt over tid. Data er indsamlet i foråret 2019 gennem spørgeskemaer og observation. Undersøgelsen viste, at nytten af feedback fra vejleder og studerende samt ”at få input fra flere” vurderes højt, mens nytten af at forberede og give feedback varierer i løbet af specialeprocessen. Samlet set mener de studerende, at deltagelse i klyngen bidrager tilspecialeprocessens fremdrift. Det konkluderes, at der er potentiale for studerende som (med)videnskabere, men også behov for mere viden, der kan kvalificere brug af klyngevejledning og studerendes bidrag i forbindelse med videnskabelse gennem forskningslignende processer.
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Juul Kristensen, Catharina. "Social innovation i indsatsen for hjemløse kvinder – tilblivelsen af en natcafé." Dansk Sociologi 23, no. 4 (December 8, 2012): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v23i4.4188.
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I forbindelse med de nationale strategiplaner ”Det fælles ansvar II” og ”Den nationale hjemløsestrategi” er der blevet iværksat flere aktiviteter i Københavns Kommune for at skabe øget viden og forbedre indsatsen i forhold til hjemløse og andre grupper af socialt udsatte kvinder. Flere af disse er sociale innovationer. De har som formål at imødekomme kvindernes behov og problemer på nye og bedre måder. I artiklen analyseres tilblivelsen af en af disse sociale innovationer, ”Café Klare – Natcaféen for kvinder”. Det undersøges således hvorledes ideen til natcaféen er fremkommet, og hvordan processen bag implementeringen af den er forløbet. Analysen viser bl.a., at der er tale om en længerevarende proces, hvor medarbejdere og ledere i Socialforvaltningen og i organisationer på hjemløseområdet, mere eller mindre strategisk har skabt, udnyttet og forhandlet muligheder for at skabe en forbedret indsats for de hjemløse kvinder, heriblandt natcaféen. Analysen er baseret på et længerevarende, kvalitativt casestudie.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Catharina Juul Kristensen: Social Innovation in Services for Homeless Women – the Creation of a Night Shelter
Within the framework of the Danish national action plans ”Our Common Responsibility II” and ”The National Homeless Strategy”, the municipality of Copenhagen launched a number of initiatives to improve social services for socially vulnerable and homeless women. Another goal of these initiatives was to increase awareness and knowledge of these women’s needs. Many of these efforts are social innovations that endeavor to meet the needs and problems of homeless women in new ways. This article analyzes the emergence of one of these social innovations, ”Café Klare – the night shelter for women”. It focuses on the process of idea generation and implementation of the night shelter. The analysis shows how employees and managers in both the municipal social administration and in organizations for homelessness created, used and negotiated the opportunity to improve the social services for homeless women more or less strategically. Among these services was ”Café Klare”. The analysis is based on an in depth case study.
Key words: Social innovation, innovation processes, entrepreneurship, night shelters, homeless women.
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Redaktionen. "Ledelse og velfærdsprofessioner — på vej mod flertydig ledelse på de borgernære velfærdsområder." Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfa.v16i1.108957.
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I deres klassiske analyse af den offentlige sektor, The Managerial State, viser John Clarke og Janet Newman hvordan 1980'ernes 'konsumerisme' eller 'brugeren i centrum' var et forsøg på både at udfordre bureaukratisk paternalisme og professionernes selvfedme (Clarke & Newman 1997). Med nye idealer for offentlig ledelse blev den gamle velfærdsstats professionsidealer, der handlede om sikring af borgernes retssikkerhed og høj kvalitet i de offentlige ydelser, nu set som træghed og arrogance fra professionernes side. 'Brugeren' eller 'kunden', viser Clarke og Newman, blev den udefra skabte fiktion, som skulle skabe forstyrrelse og omstillingstvang indefra i den offentlige sektor. Havde man først sagt 'brugeren i centrum', var det ikke så nemt at henholde sig til stive regler, sin faglige ekspertviden eller blot erfaring, hvis en enkelt bruger eller en brugertilfredshedsmåling pegede på problemer. Clarke og Newman viser således, hvordan 'new managerialism'-eller New Public Management-bla. er en udfordring af professionernes monopol på viden, og de viser, hvordan ledelse og profession op gennem 1980'erne og 1990'erne ses som 'enten-eller' eller et 'versus'. I Danmark står kampen bla. om, hvem der kan definere kvalitet. Er det den professionelle, der qua sin faglighed bedst kan vurdere kvalitet, eller er det brugeren, som skal spørges med det mål, at organisationen kan rette sine ydelser efter de skiftende behov? I dette nummer af Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv sætter vi fokus på de aktuelle og modsatrettede tendenser, når det gælder ledelse i den offentlige sektor på de borgernære velfærdsområder. Velfærdsprofessioner dækker i denne sammenhæng over de offentligt ansatte inden for uddannelse, omsorg, sundhed og socialt arbejde. De professioner, som i 1980'erne og 1990'erne blev beskrevet som problematiske, fordi de blev set som omstillings-uparate og ledelsesfjendske. Temanumret beskæftiger sig med de aktuelle brydningsflader mellem ledelse og velfærdsprofessionerne. Nummerets artikler og kronikker kommer rundt om ledelse i en række empiriske felter som hospitaler, uddannelsesinstitutioner og ældreplejen, og med en række teoretiske greb åbner de det empiriske materiale på måder, der udvider vores forståelser af ledelse på de borgernære velfærdsområder. Vi ser tre aktuelle tendenser, når det gælder borgernær ledelse: t velfærdsprofessionelle forventes at udøve strategisk selvledelse t ledelse distribueres ud til de velfærdspro. fessionelle, der får ledelsesopgaver over for kolleger t institutionsledere bliver velfærdsledere med en bred vifte af ledelsesopgaver, der
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Hagedorn-Rasmussen, Peter. "Social kapitals renæssance i en arbejdslivskontekst — jagten på guldkorn og diamanter mellem meningsskabelse og forførelse?" Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfa.v16i4.108975.
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Social kapital er i de senere år blevet italesat som en positiv egenskab ved arbejdspladser. Der synes at være en velbegrundet sandsynlighed for, at arbejdspladser med høj social kapital kan forene produktivitet, kvalitet og et godt arbejdsmiljø. Det har ført til en stærkt øget opmærksomhed på den sociale kapital. Men hvad er social kapital egentlig? Artiklen viser hvordan social kapital til en vis grad er en 'sort boks', og at der delvist sker en 'projektificering' af begrebet, som både kan styrke og reducere social kapital. Artiklen peger på, at der er behov for at have øget fokus på oversættelsesprocessen af social kapital.
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Gotved, Stine. "Det virtuelle fællesskab - om en nyhedsgruppe på Internet." MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research 13, no. 27 (September 3, 1997): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v13i27.1101.
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Kan basale menneskelige behov for sociale fællesskaber overleve maskinens - computerens - transformation af de sociale vilkår? Hvad sker der når vi alle får computere, og en stadig større del af vor sociale interaktion foregår over skærmen på skrivebordet? Kan der i virtuelle fællesskaber skabes reelle fællesskaber? Ifølge Stine Gotved, som i sit ph.d. projekt arbejder med at analysere computermedierede fælles- skaber, er der ingen modsætning mellem computermediering og følel- sesmæssigt engagement. I denne artikel, hvor hendes analyse af ny- hedsgruppen rec.arts.books.tolkien præsenteres, udforsker hun det virtuelle fællesskabs faktiske udtryksformer og argumenterer for, at det interaktive miljø i "cyber space" giver nogle særlige betingelser for opkomsten og bevarelsen af virtuelle fællesskaber, som dækker nogle af menneskets basale behov og værdier. De klassiske krav til fælles- skab - samtidighed i lokalitet og fysisk nærvær - er ikke nødvendige.
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Ibsen, Flemming. "Betaler det sig? Fleksibilitet og løn i den danske fl exicurity-model." Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfa.v9i4.108625.
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I beskrivelsen og fortolkningen af den danske flexicurity-model er løndannelsen normalt fraværende. Modellen beskrives som en 'balanceret model', hvor et trade-off mellem numerisk fl eksibilitet og indkomstsikkerhed via et velpolstret dagpengesystem og en aktiv arbejdsmarkedspolitik sikrer balancen mellem virksomhedernes behov for omkostningsfleksibilitet og lønmodtagernes behov for social og økonomisk tryghed. En supplerende fortolkning af modellen kunne være, at når danske lønmodtagere udviser fleksibilitet, består indkomstsikkerheden i, at de belønnes med en lønstigning. Det relevante forskningsspørgsmål i denne artikel er derfor: når danske lønmodtagere er fleksible, modtager de så en løn, der er højere eller lavere end den hidtidige løn? Betaler det sig at være fleksible på det danske arbejdsmarked, og i bekræftende fald, hvilken form for fleksibilitet betaler sig mest, intern eller ekstern fleksibilitet? Eller, betaler det sig bedst at 'blive hjemme', forstået som at blive i sit gamle job på den samme virksomhed?
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Rasmussen, Palle. "Uddannelse og social innovation." Dansk Sociologi 23, no. 4 (December 8, 2012): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v23i4.4189.
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Social innovation handler om at udvikle innovative svar på samfundsmæssige behov, som ikke i tilstrækkeligt omfang dækkes af eksisterende former for privat eller offentlig service. Der er oftest tale om svar, som udvikles af ikke-kommercielle organisationer og aktører gennem kreative processer med et væsentligt element af initiativ ”nedefra”. Uddannelse er et af de områder, hvor social innovation både historisk og aktuelt har haft betydning. Historisk er der gennem sociale innovationsprocesser blevet udkrystalliseret former for uddannelse, som har imødekommet væsentlige behov for oplysning og kompetence, og som på nogle områder har opnået lang levetid. Fremkomsten og udbredelsen af folkehøjskoler er et centralt eksempel. Ligesom anden innovation sker social innovation inden for rammerne af et kompleks af strukturer og institutioner, som kan kaldes et nationalt innovationssystem. Artiklen handler om uddannelse som – og i tilknytning til – social innovation. Som forudsætning for dette behandles også generelt karakteren af social innovation og de samfundsmæssige rammer for den. I forhold til uddannelsesfeltet fokuseres på, hvordan social innovation har præget historiske og aktuelle udviklinger. Det illustreres især gennem analyse af en case om etablering af talentundervisning i et kommunalt skolevæsen.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Palle Rasmussen: Education and Social Innovation
Social innovation is about developing original responses to societal needs that are not sufficiently met by existing types of private or public service. Innovative responses are often developed by non-commercial organizations and actors through creative processes with a strong element of initiative ”from below”. Social innovation, as well as business innovation, occurs in a complex framework of structures and institutions that may be called a national system of innovation. Education is a field in which social innovation has had a significant impact, historically as well as in the present. The history of education demonstrates how processes of social innovation have led to the emergence of new forms of education that have met changing social needs for knowledge and competence, and some of these innovations have been more or less permanent. The establishment and growth of the Danish ”folk high schools” is an important example. The article discusses education in connection with social innovation. As a basis for this, the general nature and societal context of social innovation is also discussed. This is illustrated by a case study of establishing special education for talented students in a municipal school system.
Key words: Social innovation, innovation system, education, school system, social needs.
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Stoletova, Anna S. "The transformation of the socialist worldview of the village prose writers and the ideological basis of acutely social works about the Russian North peasant lifestyle." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 4 (2019): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-4-135-139.
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We highlight the contribution of Vologda writers Alexander Yashin and Vasily Belov to the development of village prose – the phenomenon of fiction of the 20th century. The prose writers were at the origins of the formation of themes, style, ideology of creative work of the Northern authors realm, became the ancestors of the transition from socialist to critical realism. Special attention is paid to the issues of transformation of consciousness and alteration of the problematic of the writers' narration, in the aggregate leading to the publication of sensational works about the village. The processes of the literary reputation of the writers are displayed, while the points of popularity are determined – for instance the story "Vologda Wedding" and the novel "Business as Usual" of an unusual fate. Portraying a suffering village, the authors experienced a difficult time of forced silence, their figures and creative work were discussed during ideological discussions. The conclusion that having witnessed the stage of crisis phenomena in the evolution of the collective-state farm village, the breaking of the traditional peasant way of life, Alexander Yashin and Vasily Belov were among the first among the village prose writers to express a public protest.
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Backlund, Åsa, Katarina Thorén, and Tommy Lundström. "Socialtjänstens respons på "flyktingkrisen"." Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift 28, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/svt.2021.28.1.4075.
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Syftet med artikeln är att analysera organisering av och synen på mottagandet av ensamkommande barn inom socialtjänsten våren 2016 – en tidpunkt då antalet asylsökande ensamkommande barn nyligen nått en extrem omfattning under kort tid. Artikeln baseras på en totalundersökning (enkät) av socialtjänstens resurser, organisering och insatser i arbetet med ensamkommande barn och ungdomar. Resultatet visar att trots en statlig ambition om normalisering och integrering av mottagandet i den sociala barnavården, har en tydlig respons från socialtjänsten varit att specialisera verksamheten utifrån den ökande klientgruppen. Den här studien ger inget belägg för att specialiseringen lett till bättre kvalitet, tvärtom indikeras ett positivt samband mellan kvalitet och en integrerad organisation. Främst tyder studien på att resurser, övergripande samverkan och engagerade politiker har varit viktigt för hur man inom socialtjänsten uppfattar möjligheten att anpassa stödinsatser efter behov och att följa upp insatser. Noterbart med tanke på tidpunkten för studien är att en majoritet av respondenterna (företrädesvis chefer inom socialtjänstens verksamhet för ensamkommande barn) var förhållandevis nöjda med det stöd som erbjöds till ensamkommande barn/ungdomar, dock påtalades brister i möjlighet att följa upp och tillgång till insatser som matchar målgruppens behov.
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Sinharay, Sandip. "On the Equivalence of a Likelihood Ratio of Drasgow, Levine, and Zickar (1996) and the Statistic Based on the Neyman–Pearson Lemma of Belov (2016)." Applied Psychological Measurement 41, no. 2 (October 24, 2016): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621616673597.
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Levine and Drasgow (1988) suggested an approach based on the Neyman–Pearson lemma to detect examinees whose response patterns are “aberrant” due to cheating, language issues, and so on. Belov (2016) used the approach of Levine and Drasgow (1988) to suggest a statistic based on the Neyman–Pearson Lemma (SBNPL) to detect item preknowledge when the investigator knows which items are compromised. This brief report proves that the SBNPL of Belov (2016) is equivalent to a statistic suggested for the same purpose by Drasgow, Levine, and Zickar 20 years ago.
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Levinsen, Karin Tweddell. "Udfordringer i netværkssamfundet – digitale kompetencer og it i nye undervisningsmiljøer." Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift 6, no. 11 (September 1, 2011): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dut.v6i11.5551.
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Netværksamfundet stiller krav til uddannelsessystemet om at favne en række kompetencer, der internationalt er defineret som nødvendige. Artiklen præsenterer et casestudie der undersøger de didaktiske udfordringer i forbindelse med et autentisk undervisningsforløb på kandidatuddannelsen IT-Didaktisk Design. Casen udgøres af en konkret kompetenceudviklendepraksis der er baseret på en (social) konstruktivistisk og materielt forankret pædagogik. Påstanden er at der er behov for fænomenologisk at udforske kompetenceudvikling forstået somlæreprocesser, for at kunne sige noget om hvordan didaktisk design kan støtte kompetenceudviklingen. Artiklen præsenterer elementer af en sådan fænomenologi.
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Busck, Ole. "Skraldemænd er vel også en slags mennesker! — markedsgørelsen af kommunale serviceopgaver forårsager nedslidning." Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfa.v9i2.108612.
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Udbud og udlicitering af offentlige tjenester griber om sig, især på det tekniske område. Der realiseres besparelser, men samtidig synes nedslidning og udstødning af ufaglærte at være en konsekvens af markedsgørelsen af den kommunale sektor. På trods af tilstedeværelsen af sociale hensyn i den formelle institutionelle kontekst viser en undersøgelse af kommunernes udbud og opfølgning på renovationsområdet, at andre hensyn og påvirkninger gør sig stærkere gældende i den uformelle kontekst. En 'ond cirkel' i kraft af en 'hård' kommunal udbudspraksis, markedskræfter og skraldemænds modkultur leder til ringe arbejdsforhold, ringe kvalitet og ringe miljøresultater. Der synes at være behov for nye institutionelle virkemidler.
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Locke, Jill. "Klagesangen over skammens død." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 46, no. 125 (May 15, 2018): 13–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v46i125.105537.
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Denne bog handler om et fænomen, jeg kalder Klagesangen over skammens død. Klagesangen er en nostalgisk historie om en fiktiv fortid, der repræsenterer en længsel efter myternes sted og tid, hvor skam sikrede og regulerede det sociale liv. Den fungerer som en fortælling om civilisationens forfald, der udtrykker en frygt for ubundne, autoktone, selvskabende og selvbekræftende subjekter, der forvolder ødelæggelse af den sociale orden og status quo. Disse subjekter benævnes og disciplineres som ”skamløse” trusler, der drives af et uhæmmet og ureguleret begær efter at tilfredsstille deres egne behov uden noget hensyn til andre. De beskrives som blottet for refleksion, dømmekraft og respekt for andre, og de karakteriseres som naturkræfter – brusende floder eller det stormfulde hav, der har brug for civilisationens diger, dæmninger og kanaler til at inddæmme deres uovervejede og uciviliserede drifter og lidenskaber.
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Nielsen, Lise Overgaard, Laura Emtoft, Stine Dunkan Gents, and Helle Eeg. "Lærerperspektiver på inklusion i matematik og dansk." Studier i læreruddannelse og -profession 5, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/lup.v5i1.121025.
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Artiklen undersøger lærernes opfatt else af forholdet mellem inklusion og fagdidaktiske forståelser i matematik og dansk. Sammenhængen mellem inklusion og fagdidaktik er kompleks og underbelyst i forskningen, og artiklen stiller netop skarpt på, at inklusion indeholder både en fagdidaktisk og en social dimension. Analysen af datamaterialet peger på tre grundperspektiver, som beskriver lærernes måde at forstå inklusion og faglighed på: det enstrengede lærerperspektiv, det nuancerede lærerperspektiv og det mangefacett erede lærerperspektiv. Artiklen sandsynliggør, at de lærere, der lykkes bedst med at inkludere elever med særlige behov, er de lærere, som både kan faget i dybden og i bredden, og som er i stand til at justereundervisningen løbende.
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Moldenhawer, Bolette, and Jeanette Ruskjær. "Permanent midlertidighed – undervisning af asylsøgende børn i kommunale skoletilbudsordninger." Tidsskrift for Professionsstudier 13, no. 24 (August 24, 2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfp.v13i24.96723.
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En undersøgelse offentliggjort i 2016 skønner, at danske skoler venter at skulle modtage 9000 flygtningebørn i skolealderen i 2016. Mange af disse børn befinder sig i en midlertidig position som asylsøgende, men har som alle andre børn i Danmark også krav på at modtage et undervisningstilbud. Formålet med denne artikel er at undersøge det pædagogiske arbejde med asylsøgende børn i en kommunal modtageklasse. Produktion af det empiriske materiale er informeret af en pædagogisk antropologisk tilgang, og ved at fokusere på interaktioner mellem lærere og elever skal analysen svare på, hvilke sociale identiteter asylsøgende børn tildeles i den institutionelle praksis i forhold til kulturelt indlejrede selvfølgeligheder. Konklusionen er, at det pædagogiske arbejde med asylsøgende børn er præget af en permanent midlertidighed – indlejret i flygtningeregimet – mellem at behandle asylsøgende børn som enten almindelige børn eller som børn med særlige – mentale, sociale og følelsesmæssige – behov.
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Warburg, Margit. "Når det hellige og det verdslige rum smelter sammen." Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift, no. 58 (December 5, 2012): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/rt.v0i58.7659.
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Danske kirker i udlandet ligner i sociologisk henseende andre indvandrersamfunds religiøse institutioner, idet udlandskirkerne foruden at danne ramme om et dansk-præget kirkeliv i høj grad også dækker mange af immigrantsamfundenes sociale behov. De mange verdslige aktiviteter betyder, at kirkerne ikke altid opretholder en skarp adskillelse mellem det hellige og det verdslige rum. Eksempler fra danske kirker i Argentina og Rotterdam illustrerer, at det kan udfordre folkelige opfattelser af det betyd-ningsfulde i at holde helligt rum adskilt fra verdsligt rum. Den danske stat og dansk erhvervsliv spiller en central rolle i flere af udlandskirkernes hverdag, og en udlandskirke som den danske sømandskirke i Singapore har udviklet sig til en lokal dansk offentlig sfære for de ca. 1.500 fastboende danskere i Singapore.
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Borys, Iwona. "Вармия и Мазуры глазами современных писателей и поэтов региона в переводах Игоря Белова." Acta Polono-Ruthenica 1, no. XXIII (October 9, 2018): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/apr.1514.
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The article describes Russian translations of literary works by authors from Warmia and Mazury: Marek Barański, Tomasz Białkowski, Alicja Bykowska-Salczyńska. Zbigniew Chojnowski, Wojciech Kass, Włodzimierz Kowalewski, Jan Pietrzyk and Krzysztof Szatrawski, from the perspective of the perception of the national, social and cultural identity of Warmia and Mazury. All these works have been translated by Igor Belov and published in the journal “Baltika-Kaliningrad” (2017/4).
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Warburg, Margit. "De danske udlandskirker. En religionsdemografisk model for migrantmenigheder." Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift, no. 62 (November 20, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/rt.v0i62.22568.
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From the perspective of sociology of religion, the Danish churches abroad are similar to other migrant congregations, primarily by caring for broader social and cultural needs among the members of the congregation than what is usually the case in the home country. Abroad, the Danish churches are ethnic minority churches, and I analyse their demographic development on the basis of a new, general model for migrant congregations. On the basis of this model I argue that like other immigrant congregations the Danish churches abroad have to consider the issue of assimilation and the issue of proselytising. These issues are decisive for the long-term survival of the congregations and their position in the Danish model of religion.Fra et religionssociologisk perspektiv ligner de danske udlandskirker først og fremmest andre migrantmenigheder ved, at de dækker bredere sociale og kulturelle behov blandt menighedens medlemmer, end hvad der normalt er tilfældet i hjemlandet. I udlandet er de danske kirker etniske minoritetskirker, og deres demografiske udvikling bliver analyseret med udgangspunkt i en ny, generel demografisk model for migrantmenigheder. Ud fra modellen kan man argumentere for, at de danske udlandskirker er tvunget til at forholde sig til nogle helt centrale spørgsmål, som gælder alle migrantmenigheder, nemlig spørgsmålet om assimilation og spørgsmålet om mission. Svarene på disse spørgsmål er afgørende for menighedernes overlevelse på længere sigt og deres placering i den danske religionsmodel
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Firmin, Michael W., Chi-en Hwang, and Jennifer Wood. "BELIEFS VERSUS ACTIONS: ASSESSING ABORTION VIEWS AND BEHAV IORS AT TWO COLLEGES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 35, no. 10 (January 1, 2007): 1325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.10.1325.
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The study assesses discrepancies between people's beliefs and behaviors with regard to abortion. Participants in this research were two college student populations who have strong, but opposite views, about abortion. Both groups were surveyed regarding their beliefs about abortion and a subset of students was subsequently selected and asked to volunteer an hour of their time at a local Crisis Pregnancy or Planned Parenthood Center. The respective reported views did not predict behavior relative to actually assisting at Crisis Pregnancy or at Planned Parenthood. Thus we concluded that while students may hold strong beliefs about issues such as abortion, they are reluctant to take action regarding these reported attitudes.
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Rutkowska, Andżelika. "Obraz wsi wołogodzkiej w powieści Przeddzień Wasilija Biełowa." Kultury Wschodniosłowiańskie - Oblicza i Dialog, no. 8 (December 20, 2018): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kw.2018.8.15.
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This article is aimed at reviewing of the novel Eves by Vasilii Belov to find a connection between the Vologda's region and the work. The Author devotes a particular attention to the space and the social order that are shown in the novel. He also emphasizes and describes traditions, customs, merits and characters' perception of the world. The analysis demonstrates the description of the Vologda's region in the Belov's novel proves it's special features that make this area different from the other regions of Russia. Also there are some circumstances of the novel's appearance and publication in the article.
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Brown, Stephanie L., Barbara L. Fredrickson, Michelle M. Wirth, Michael J. Poulin, Elizabeth A. Meier, Emily D. Heaphy, Michael D. Cohen, and Oliver C. Schultheiss. "Corrigendum to ‘‘Social closeness increases salivary progesterone in humans’’ [Horm. Behav. 56 (2009) 108–111]." Hormones and Behavior 56, no. 5 (November 2009): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.09.004.
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Chang, Luke J., and Alec Smith. "Corrigendum to “Social emotions and psychological games” [Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 5 (2015) 133–140]." Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 9 (June 2016): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.04.004.
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Jumataeva, Asylgul Sarinjievna. "Ethnopedagogical Bases of Fostering a Respectful Attitude towards Elders." Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, no. 9 (September 25, 2020): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/spp.2020.9.25.
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The paper describes traditions, customs, values of the Kyrgyz people and their role in the upbringing of the younger generation. The relevance of the re-search is due to the loss of many social traditions and customs of respect for elders, which have been inherent in the Kyrgyz culture for a long time, as well as the need to find new forms of educational work with the younger generation. Cardinal cultural and social changes that led to a certain loss of behavior-al expression of respect for elders in different life situations are identified and analyzed. The study shows the features of intergenerational relations in Kyrgyz society, the factors that cause such behav-ior, as well as positive and negative trends in the development of these relations. Effective methods of educational work are proposed in order to foster spiritual and moral qualities in the younger genera-tion.
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Sigmund, Tomáš. "Attention Paid to Privacy Policy Statements." Information 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12040144.
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The article deals with the topic of attention paid to online privacy policy statements by university students. Privacy policy statements were originally intended to mitigate the users’ privacy con-cerns and support trust, but users disregard them. The article uses the theory of planned behav-iour combined with privacy calculus to find and verify determinants of reading privacy policy statements. We used the survey method and evaluated the results with partial least square struc-tural equation modelling. We concluded that the attitude towards reading privacy policy state-ments is influenced by privacy risks and privacy benefits. The intention to read privacy policy statements is influenced by social norms, understanding the privacy policy and mainly by the willingness to spend time and effort reading the statements. The effect of attitude was also signif-icant, but its size was smaller. Finally, wider conclusions are drawn, as the confusion around pri-vacy policy statements is a symptom of a wider social change in the information society.
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Sinharay, Sandip. "Which Statistic Should Be Used to Detect Item Preknowledge When the Set of Compromised Items Is Known?" Applied Psychological Measurement 41, no. 6 (March 26, 2017): 403–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621617698453.
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Benefiting from item preknowledge is a major type of fraudulent behavior during educational assessments. Belov suggested the posterior shift statistic for detection of item preknowledge and showed its performance to be better on average than that of seven other statistics for detection of item preknowledge for a known set of compromised items. Sinharay suggested a statistic based on the likelihood ratio test for detection of item preknowledge; the advantage of the statistic is that its null distribution is known. Results from simulated and real data and adaptive and nonadaptive tests are used to demonstrate that the Type I error rate and power of the statistic based on the likelihood ratio test are very similar to those of the posterior shift statistic. Thus, the statistic based on the likelihood ratio test appears promising in detecting item preknowledge when the set of compromised items is known.
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Hussain, Humaira. "VIDEO MODELING FOR CHILDREN WITH ASPERGER SYNDROME OR HIGH FUNCTIONING AUTISM." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 4, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.4.1/008.
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A multiple case study was conducted over the duration of six months to assess the effectiveness of video modeling intervention in teaching social behaviors. A group of 20 children with Asperger Syndrome or High Functioning Au-tism were selected from mainstream public school. Each child watched a videotape demonstrating a targeted be-havior by a typically developing peer or a video of them-selves modeling the appropriate behavior. The child was then asked to engage in a social situation demanding the use of previously taught behavior. A special education teacher, classroom teacher, and speech-language pathologist rated the child’s interaction and use of target-ed behaviors. Videos were used to modify, teach or shape a target behavior for the child to imitate and learn. For the purpose of this study, three specific behaviors were taught: teaching compliment giving, initiations, maintain-ing conversations, and learning and obeying classroom rules. Results of this study indicated that video modeling is an effective intervention method in teaching social behav-iors to children on the Autism Spectrum. All participants showed an increased use of targeted social behaviors and also attempted to generate behaviors regardless of target-ed stimuli. Further research in using adults as models and targeting various social behaviors is warranted Keywords: Autism, Asperger syndrome, High-Functioning Autism, Social Interaction, Video Model, Social Behaviors
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Lim, Miranda M., and Larry J. Young. "Erratum to “Neuropeptidergic regulation of affiliative behavior and social bonding in animals” [Horm. Behav. 50 (2006) 506–517]." Hormones and Behavior 51, no. 2 (February 2007): 292–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.11.003.
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Kapustina, Ksenia O., and Elena N. Azletskaya. "Emotional stability of the personality in adolescence." Pedagogy: history, prospects 3, no. 5 (October 29, 2020): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2686-9969-2020-3-5-113-119.
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The article presents various definitions and characteristics of emotional stability, as well as its components. The purpose and objectives of the study are determined. The analysis of methods of correction and development of emotional stability of a personality in adolescence has been carried out. The approaches to the psychological correction of emotional stability are characterized. It is shown that psychodynamic in-cludes the creation of an environment that eliminates social and external obstacles to interpersonal conflict. The methods of resolution are art therapy, psychoanalysis, psy-chocorrection in the family. Behavioral helps to better master adaptive forms of behav-ior or help get rid of maladaptive forms. It is noted that with an acceptable level of emotional stability in a young man, moderate psychoticism, sensitivity and irritability are at an average level. In addition to the methods of correction, recommendations are given for the development of emotional stability.
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Kim, Bumsoo, and Yonghwan Kim. "Corrigendum to “College students' social media use and communication network heterogeneity: Implications for social capital and subjective well-being” [Comput. Hum. Behav. 73 (2017) 620–628]”." Computers in Human Behavior 76 (November 2017): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.033.
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Forskning, Sociologisk. "Komande temanummer av Sociologisk Forskning." Sociologisk Forskning 57, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.37062/sf.57.21973.
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Det behövs sociologiska perspektiv för att belysa de många samhälleliga utmaningar som pandemin covid-19 har inneburit, såväl direkt som indirekt. Vi efterlyser därför aktuella och empiriskt grundade forskningsartiklar som utifrån sociologiska perspektiv kan öka vår förståelse av coronakrisen och pandemin covid-19.
Relevanta frågor att belysa är till exempel expertkunskaper och relationen mellan vetenskap och politik, betydelsen av social ojämlikhet under pandemin samt dess sociala konsekvenser, samhällets organisering och styrning under kristider, de nya utmaningar som krishanteringsåtgärder skapar, hur människor agerar under kriser och hanterar ensamhet, isolering och permitteringar. Artiklarna kan handla om svenska förhållanden men även använda jämförande och internationella perspektiv för att förstå det som händer i Sverige i förhållande till andra länder.
En världsomspännande hälsokris gör att vi alla behöver experter mer än någonsin, för att veta hur vi kan skydda oss mot viruset och för att ta fram vaccin eller andra effektiva behandlingar. Under pandemin covid-19 har vi sett att det finns en stor tilltro till vetenskap och teknik samtidigt som expertisen ständigt ifrågasätts. Expertkunskaper handlar aldrig enbart om faktaförhållanden utan även om hur problemen uppfattas och vem som har ansvar för att lösa dem. Sociologiska perspektiv på huruvida vetenskap uppfattas som är viktiga under kriser när experter dominerar debatten.
Minst lika viktiga sociologiska teman är mellanmänskliga relationer, emotioner och människors drivkrafter. Vad är det som gör att vi agerar som vi gör i en kris? Vilken beredskap har människor och organisationer för att agera i en kris?
Vi efterlyser också bidrag som uppmärksammar perspektiv som tenderat att falla bort i rapporteringen, till exempel frågor om ojämlikhet, konflikter, makt och ideologi. Det finns ett stort behov av empirisk forskning som undersöker hur coronakrisen och pandemin covid-19 har drabbat olika grupper och huruvida socioekonomiska skillnader, åldersskillnader och intressekonflikter har synliggjorts eller osynliggjorts under coronakrisen.
Bidrag kan skrivas på svenska, engelska, danska och norska. Artiklar kan vara mellan 4 000 och 10 000 ord långa. I övrigt se tidskriftens riktlinjer på www.sociologiskforskning.se. Alla artiklar genomgår anonymiserad kollegial granskning (double blind peer review). Vid frågor, kontakta gärna någon av gästredaktörerna för temanumret.
Deadline för manus är 15 oktober 2020
Gästredaktörer:Shai Mulinari, Lunds universitet: shai.mulinari@soc.lu.seLinda Soneryd, Göteborgs universitet: linda.soneryd@gu.seSusanna Öhman, Mittuniversitetet: susanna.ohman@miun.se
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M.N., Lipinskaya. "ANALYSIS OF MODERN EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR STUDENTS OF SOCIAL PEDAGOGUES TO STUDY THE PROBLEMS OF CHILDREN IN UNSTABLE CONDITIONS OF SOCIETY." “Educational bulletin “Consciousness” 22, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2686-6846-2020-22-10-20-24.
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Social pedagogue – a specialist in the field of educa-tion who carries out professional activities in educa-tional institutions and social protection of the popula-tion. The child development and positive socialization are the targets in the implementation of social peda-gogue job functions, among which is one of the main socio-pedagogical support of students in the process of acquisition and internalization of social norms, behav-ior patterns, values of modern society. The implementa-tion of the principles of the competence approach in the higher education system involves the activation of ef-forts, coordination of the requirements and interests of subjects of educational relations in the context of ongo-ing changes. Among the main subjects of educational relations, we can distinguish the state, which acts as a regulator of the development and modernization of edu-cation, which is a social customer in relation to the re-sults of education and training; the professional com-munity, which expects competitive highly qualified per-sonnel in the labor market; the teaching staff of the University that implements the tasks of training special-ists; students and the parent community as consumers of educational services. The result of interaction between the subjects of the educational process is educational and professional standards that are the basis for de-signing the main professional educational programs of higher education and are designed to ensure the unity of the educational environment in a rapidly changing social environment. The purpose of this article is to present the results of the analysis of educational programs for students – social teachers depending on the requirements of professional and educational standards, as well as factors that char-acterize the instability of the modern social environ-ment, which creates new problems in the socialization of children.
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Wingerson, Mathew J., Christine M. Baugh, Aaron Provance, Aubrey Armento, Gregory Walker, and David R. Howell. "DIFFERENCES IN QUALITY OF LIFE, SLEEP, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENT ATHLETES BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 7_suppl3 (July 1, 2021): 2325967121S0015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00152.
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Background: The benefits of sport participation and physical activity within adolescent populations has been well established, including improved physical and psychological health, social functioning, and sleep quality.1-3 However, mandated stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an abrupt cessation of school and sport participation for many adolescent athletes. This sudden suspension of sports, physical activity and peer/social interaction may have negative implications on adolescent anxiety and fatigue, as well as peer relationships and sleep quality. Purpose: (1) Compare quality of life and sleep quality measures in adolescent athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic to measures obtained 1-2 years earlier. (2) Assess physical activity and social interaction behavior during the two weeks prior to school closure compared to a two-week period during school closure. Methods: Participants first completed Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) anxiety, fatigue, and peer relationship short forms, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) during pre-participation sport physical evaluations (May 2018 or 2019), and again during May or June (2020). Physical activity and social interaction were assessed at the second timepoint by asking participants to retrospectively report behaviors during the two weeks prior to school closure, and during the two weeks preceding questionnaire completion. We compared outcomes using paired samples t-tests (continuous outcome variables) and McNemar’s test (categorical outcome variables). All statistical tests were two-sided and evaluated at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: A significant portion (92%) of participants (n=39; 16.2±0.9 years of age; 64% female; 499±177 days between assessments) reported sport cessation due to COVID-19 (Table 1). Compared to pre-COVID assessments, participants reported significantly higher anxiety and fatigue scores, and significantly worse sleep quality after school and sport cessation (Figure 1). Physical activity frequency and duration were significantly reduced in the two weeks prior to questionnaire completion compared to the two weeks before sport and school closure (Table 2). No significant difference was found for quality of peer relationships (Figure 1), although characteristics of peer/social interactions differed significantly between timepoints. Conclusion: Following recent stay-at-home orders, high school athletes reported more anxiety and fatigue, worse sleep quality, and less physical activity compared to assessments obtained in the Spring of 2018 or 2019. The abrupt cessation of school and sport participation due to COVID-19, in combination with other life factors, likely contributed to reductions in physical activity, worse sleep quality, changes in social interaction, elevated levels of anxiety, and increased fatigue among high school athletes. References: Snyder AR, Martinez JC, Bay RC, Parsons JT, Sauers EL, Valovich McLeod TC. Health-related quality of life differs between adolescent athletes and adolescent nonathletes. J Sport Rehabil. 2010;19(3):237-248. doi:10.1123/jsr.19.3.237 Eime RM, Young JA, Harvey JT, Charity MJ, Payne WR. A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013;10:98. Published 2013 Aug 15. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-98 Kredlow MA, Capozzoli MC, Hearon BA, Calkins AW, Otto MW. The effects of physical activity on sleep: a meta-analytic review. J Behav Med. 2015;38(3):427-449. doi:10.1007/s10865-015-9617-6 Tables/Figures: [Table: see text][Figure: see text][Table: see text]
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Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Naozumi Araragi, Jonas Waider, Daniel van den Hove, and Lise Gutknecht. "Targeting brain serotonin synthesis: insights into neurodevelopmental disorders with long-term outcomes related to negative emotionality, aggression and antisocial behaviour." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1601 (September 5, 2012): 2426–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0039.
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Aggression, which comprises multi-faceted traits ranging from negative emotionality to antisocial behaviour, is influenced by an interaction of biological, psychological and social variables. Failure in social adjustment, aggressiveness and violence represent the most detrimental long-term outcome of neurodevelopmental disorders. With the exception of brain-specific tryptophan hydroxylase-2 ( Tph2 ), which generates serotonin (5-HT) in raphe neurons, the contribution of gene variation to aggression-related behaviour in genetically modified mouse models has been previously appraised (Lesch 2005 Novartis Found Symp . 268 , 111–140; Lesch & Merschdorf 2000 Behav. Sci. Law 18 , 581–604). Genetic inactivation of Tph2 function in mice led to the identification of phenotypic changes, ranging from growth retardation and late-onset obesity, to enhanced conditioned fear response, increased aggression and depression-like behaviour. This spectrum of consequences, which are amplified by stress-related epigenetic interactions, are attributable to deficient brain 5-HT synthesis during development and adulthood. Human data relating altered TPH2 function to personality traits of negative emotionality and neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in cognitive control and emotion regulation are based on genetic association and are therefore not as robust as the experimental mouse results. Mouse models in conjunction with approaches focusing on TPH2 variants in humans provide unexpected views of 5-HT's role in brain development and in disorders related to negative emotionality, aggression and antisocial behaviour.
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Sosik, Victoria Schwanda, and Natalya N. Bazarova. "Corrigendum to “Relational maintenance on social network sites: How Facebook communication predicts relational escalation” [Comput. Hum. Behav. 35 (2014) 124–131]." Computers in Human Behavior 36 (July 2014): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.017.
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Formanek, Laureline, Marie-Annick Richard-Yris, Christophe Petton, Cécilia Houdelier, and Sophie Lumineau. "Erratum to “Difference of social motivation in quail selected for divergent circadian activity” [Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 135 (2011) 309–317]." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 137, no. 1-2 (February 2012): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2012.01.004.
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Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran, Amin Mawani, Guifeng Shi, and Zejiang Zhou. "Erratum to “Impact of social capital on tone ambiguity in banks’ 10-K filings” [J. Behav. Exp. Finance 29 (2020) 100411]." Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance 29 (March 2021): 100467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2021.100467.
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Kjerulf Petersen, Lars. "Livsstilsbegrebet – i miljøsociologisk perspektiv." Dansk Sociologi 22, no. 2 (July 5, 2011): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v22i2.3559.
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Denne artikel tager livsstilsbegrebet op til diskussion og gør det ud fra et miljøsociologisk perspektiv, men med relevans for sociologien i almindelighed. Livsstilsbegrebet er af stor betydning i miljøsociologien – og i sociologien generelt – fordi studiet af livsstil muliggør en forståelse af samspillet mellem en række forskellige dynamikker der former alle dele af livsførelsen for individet og i en større samfundsmæssig sammenhæng. Der er imidlertid behov for at gøre op med nogle af de erkendelsesmæssige blindgyder som livsstilsbegrebet ofte ender i. Det gælder især forestillingen om livsstil som status- og identitetssignal. Frem for alene at fokusere på identitetssignalet og selvidentiteten som den kritiske parameter i livsstilen argumenterer artiklen for, at man først og fremmest skal forstå livsstil som handlemåder og praksisformer der er formet af blandt andet det kropslige, det kulturelle og det materielle. Artiklen er blevet til på baggrund af et projekt om Livsstil og Naturkvalitet i Byrummet; projektet er finansieret af Realdania og Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Lars Kjerulf Petersen: The Concept of Lifestyle – from the Perspective of Environmental Sociology
The concept of lifestyle is of great significance in environmental sociology – and in sociology in general – because studies of lifestyle enable a deeper understanding of interactions between different social dynamics affecting all aspects of everyday life. This article explores the concept of lifestyle from the perspective of environmental sociology, but with relevance for sociology in general. The article argues that it is necessary to reorient lifestyle studies and redefine the concept itself. In particular, the idea of lifestyle as a signal of status and identity needs to be reconsidered. Instead of focussing on identity and signalling as the critical factors of lifestyle, the concept needs to be understood in terms of patterns of practice which are dialectically shaped by cultural, material and bodily orders.
Key words: Lifestyle, environment, practice, identity, materiality.
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Kadir, Mohammad Abdul, and Sharyn Rundle-Thiele. "Reported theory use in walking interventions: a literature review and research agenda." Health Promotion International 34, no. 3 (February 14, 2018): 601–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day003.
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Summary There is mixed evidence with some suggesting walking can be increased up to the recommended level through interventions based on behaviour change models and others showing partial or no effects [Arbour and Ginis (A randomised controlled trial of the effects of implementation intentions on women’s walking behaviour. Psychol Health, 2009;24:49–65); Merom et al. (Can a motivational intervention overcome an unsupportive environment for walking–findings from the Step-by-Step Study. Ann Behav Med 2009;38:137–46); Ornes and Ransdell (A pilot study examining exercise self-efficacy as a mediator for walking behavior in college-age women. Perceptual Motor Skills, 2010;110:1098–104)]. Taken together, prior studies suggest that ongoing research attention is warranted. Walking behaviour change intervention studies were searched using key search words ‘walking promotion’ and ‘pedometer’ in the PubMed database. Initially, 87 articles were found and 25 walking behaviour change interventions were reviewed to focus attention on reported theory use. Results of the review suggest that interventions that are theoretically underpinned may be no more effective than their counterparts. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and Social Cognitive Models were most frequently reported with positive effects noted for TTM use. The review also indicates that using single theory may be better than using multiple theories in a single intervention.
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Partrick, Katherine A., Benoit Chassaing, Linda Q. Beach, Katharine E. McCann, Andrew T. Gewirtz, and Kim L. Huhman. "Corrigendum to “Acute and repeated exposure to social stress reduces gut microbiota diversity in Syrian hamsters” [Behav. Brain Res. 345 (2018) 39–48]." Behavioural Brain Research 348 (August 2018): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.044.
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Selander, Staffan. "Didaktiken som en ny, utbildningsvetenskaplig skärningspunkt." Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige 23, no. 5 (September 21, 2018): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/pfs23.5.09.
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För drygt hundra år sedan frigjordes de pedagogiska frågorna från den filosofiska domänen. 1910 tillträdde Bertil Hammer som vårt lands förste professor i pedagogik. Ett av de skäl som angavs för denna professur var lärarutbildningens behov av vetenskaplig förankring. Hammer skrev fram ett ambitiöst program, där pedagogiken skulle omfatta kunskaper om lärande (psykologi), kunskaper om utbildning och samhälle (historia/sociologi) samt kunskaper om vad som kan anses rätt och gott (filosofi).
Det skulle dock gå många år innan hela detta program realiserades fullt ut. Pedagogiken förblev fram till 1950-talet förankrad i psykologin. På 1960-talet diskuterades de sociala aspekterna allt livligare (en diskussion som inom disciplinen började med Urban Dahllöfs arbeten och sedan utvidgades, med delvis annan riktning, av Ulf P. Lundgren), och först på 1990-talet slog de filosofiska aspekterna igenom (med början i Tomas Englunds pragmatiska inriktning, följt av bland andra Klas Roth).
1996 inrättades landets första professur i didaktik, intressant nog med liknande motivering som den första professuren i pedagogik – i syfte att stärka lärarutbildningens vetenskapliga grund. Då jag tillträdde denna professur var det pedagogiska landskapet som ett slagfält med åsiktslinjer och skyttegravar, och jag fick diverse frågor om vilken sida jag stod på: pedagogikens eller didaktikens, didaktikens eller ämnesdidaktikens, det pedagogiska arbetets eller utbildningssociologins sida och så vidare. Men min uppgift var inte, som jag såg det, att välja sida. Snarare ville jag som ämnesföreträdare utveckla något nytt. Det vid den tiden nyvaknade intresset för ämnesdidaktiska frågor (som Ference Marton redan under 1980-talet hade diskuterat i termer av fack-didaktik), liksom de professionsorienterade frågorna, utgjorde en ny fond för mitt intresse. Härutöver utgjorde frågor om språk, social-semiotik och multimodalitet ett intressant område för att förstå kunskapsrepresentationer och lärande, något som också utgjorde ett nytt perspektiv på frågan om lärande: synen på lärande som teckenskapande och meningsskapande kommunikation i stället för en fråga om individuell begåvning, kapacitet eller förmåga. Men ämnesdidaktiken bidrog även med kunskaper kring lärande av olika kunskapsområden, vilket i sin tur gav upphov till nya frågor jämfört med synen på lärande som en generell förmåga. Och allt detta påverkade i sin tur synen på lärararbetet.
Så småningom sammanlänkades allt detta för mig i ett design-orienterat perspektiv på undervisning och lärande. Jag vill berätta denna historia ur ett högst personligt perspektiv. Hela det didaktiska fältet är mångfacetterat och fyllt av allehanda traditioner. Här vill jag berätta om min egen väg – i termer av tre olika ”vändningar”. Dessa vändningar är förstås påverkade av sin tid, men i viss mån har jag också bidragit till dessa vändningar.
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Wellmann, Kristen A., Finney George, Fares Brnouti, and Sandra M. Mooney. "Corrigendum to “Docosahexaenoic acid partially ameliorates deficits in social behavior and ultrasonic vocalizations caused by prenatal ethanol exposure” [Behav. Brain Res. 286 (2015) 201–211]." Behavioural Brain Research 311 (September 2016): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.054.
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Adalat, Mohsin, Muaz A. Niazi, and Athanasios V. Vasilakos. "Variations in power of opinion leaders in online communication networks." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 10 (October 2018): 180642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180642.
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Online social media has completely transformed how we communicate with each other. While online discussion platforms are available in the form of applications and websites, an emergent outcome of this transformation is the phenomenon of ‘opinion leaders’. A number of previous studies have been presented to identify opinion leaders in online discussion networks. In particular, Feng (2016 Comput. Hum. Behav. 54 , 43–53. ( doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.052 )) has identified five different types of central users besides outlining their communication patterns in an online communication network. However, the presented work focuses on a limited time span. The question remains as to whether similar communication patterns exist that will stand the test of time over longer periods. Here, we present a critical analysis of the Feng framework both for short-term as well as for longer periods. Additionally, for validation, we take another case study presented by Udanor et al. (2016 Program 50 , 481–507. ( doi:10.1108/PROG-02-2016-0011 )) to further understand these dynamics. Results indicate that not all Feng-based central users may be identifiable in the longer term. Conversation starter and influencers were noted as opinion leaders in the network. These users play an important role as information sources in long-term discussions. Whereas network builder and active engager help in connecting otherwise sparse communities. Furthermore, we discuss the changing positions of opinion leaders and their power to keep isolates interested in an online discussion network.
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Redaktionen. "Indledning." Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfa.v3i1.108340.
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Den modsætningsfyldte aktivering arbejdssamfundet og velfærdsstaten udfordres og udfordrer i disse år. Ganske vist har arbejdsløsheden været faldende siden 1994, men det har ikke medført en mindre opmærksomhed på arbejdsløshedspolitikken. Tværtimod. arbejdsløshedspolitikken er blevet placeret mere og mere centralt, bla. fordi det finanspolitiske råderum er blevet indsnævret som følge af det ny-liberalistiske paradigmes sejrsgang. Velfærdsstatslige principper moderniseres og tilpasses nye ideologier og rationaler, og social- og arbejdsmarkedspolitikken bliver i stigende grad justeret til at virke disciplinerende. arbejdsstyrken og de arbejdsløse skal tilpasses de betingelser, der afstikkes af øget konkurrence, markedsstyring og globalisering. Et af eksemplerne på dette er den øgede vægtning af aktiveringen af arbejdsløse, som har fundet sted siden 1994 i Danmark. Den tidligere socialminister Karen Jespersen har udtrykt dette behov for disciplinering således: 'Mennesker på kontanthjælp kan have svært ved at holde fast i uddannelse og arbejde ret længe af gangen. De har svært ved at klare de trivielle og kedelige elementer, der findes i alle job-og ikke mindst i de job, der står åbne for dem. Derfor er det også vigtigt at tilrettelægge indsatsen, så det understreges både konkret og holdningsmæssigt, at arbejde er arbejde, og det kan både være hårdt og kedeligt. Man kan kun få arbejde, hvis man kan fungere med de regler, der nu engang er på en arbejdsplads' (Salt, nr. 3, juni 2000:15). Disciplinering båret af smukke hensigter for de mennesker, den rettes mod? Eller disciplinering som menneskelig umyndiggørelse og undertrykkelse? Det sidste har bla. forfatteren Jan Sonnergaard klart formuleret: 'De sidste ti år er der foregået en stille, men effektiv og tiltagende nedgøring af de svageste grupper, og den nuværende regering har effektivt indført en tvang over for og umyndiggørelse af disse grupper, som slår hvad man kan finde i de fleste andre lande. Ved hjælp af diverse aktiveringsordninger har man indført et nyt proletariat, der er billig arbejdskraft. Et proletariat, der er tvunget til at arbejde til en løn, ingen andre her i landet vil acceptere. Som ikke har ret til at sige op. Som er underlagt arbejdsformidlingens tilfældige luner og fikse idéer' (Aktuelt, 30. december 2000). Jan Sonnergaard mener, at aktiveringsfilosofien dumper medet brag, hvis den under-
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Guastella, Adam J., and Colin MacLeod. "Erratum to “A critical review of the influence of oxytocin nasal spray on social cognition in humans: Evidence and future directions” [Horm. Behav. 61 (2012) 410–418]." Hormones and Behavior 61, no. 5 (May 2012): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.04.008.
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Liang, Chi-Wen, Wen-Yau Hsu, Fu-Chien Hung, Wei-Ting Wang, and Chao-Hsien Lin. "Corrigendum to “Absence of a positive bias in social anxiety: The application of a directed forgetting paradigm” [J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 42 (2) (2011) 204–210]." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 44, no. 1 (March 2013): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.09.002.
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Bauer, Marek, Wiesław Dźwigoń, and Matthias Richter. "Personal safety of passengers during the first phase Covid-19 pandemic in the opinion of public transport drivers in Krakow." Archives of Transport 59, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0090.
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The Covid-19 pandemic impact all public spheres of city inhabitants' lives, also changed the conditions of travel-ing by public transport, especially in the field of personal passenger safety. The introduced limits on people in public transport vehicles and the need to maintain social distancing or cover the mouth and nose in a public transport vehicle - for various reasons - have been met with different understanding by users. The question then arose: are passengers actually complying with the rules of the pandemic when traveling by tram or bus? The paper attempts to assess the behavior of passengers, based on the opinions of people who observe these behav-iors in their daily work, driving public transport vehicles. For this purpose, a survey was carried out among bus and tram drivers of the main public transport operator in Krakow. On the basis of 334 fulfilled questionnaires, it was found that - according to the drivers - passengers often quite freely approach the limits of people in vehicles, and often do not respect the social distancing, especially when alighting and boarding. However, what is opti-mistic, the drivers highly assessed their own safety when performing their official duties - which is extremely important in the context of ensuring the continuity of public transport during a pandemic. Only 10% of drivers considered that the current solutions to protect passengers (and drivers themselves) are sufficient, therefore they called for an increase in the scope of protective measures: an increase in the number of public transport courses (to keep existing passengers), the obligatory use of protective masks (instead of ineffective loosely obligation to cover the face and nose), or the introduction of closed driver cabins in buses (as in trams). The obtained re-search results are of a cognitive nature, they can be a supplement to the travel studies at this specific time. They can also provide support in taking action in the case of a return of the Covid-19 pandemic or similar incidents in the future.
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Wright, E. C., T. V. Parks, J. O. Alexander, R. Supra, and B. C. Trainor. "Corrigendum to “Activation of kappa opioid receptors in the dorsal raphe have sex dependent effects on social behavior in California mice” [Behav. Brain Res. 351 (2018) 83–92]." Behavioural Brain Research 356 (January 2019): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.002.
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Pence, Brandt D., Tushar K. Bhattacharya, Pul Park, Jennifer L. Rytych, Jacob M. Allen, Yi Sun, Robert H. McCusker, et al. "Dose-dependent decrease in mortality with no cognitive or muscle function improvements due to dietary EGCG supplementation in aged mice." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 42, no. 5 (May 2017): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0530.
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We have previously shown that a diet containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and beta-alanine is not effective in improving either cognitive or muscle function in aged (18 month) mice (Gibbons et al., Behav. Brain Res., 2014, 272:131–140; Pence et al., Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab., 2016, 41(2): 181–190). However, this diet reduced oxidative stress in the brain, and previous studies using longer term interventions and other doses have documented beneficial effects in cognitive and muscle function, especially with EGCG. Here we hypothesized that a different dose of EGCG or longer feeding period would be more efficacious in improving cognition. Aged (21–25 mo) Balb/cByJ male mice underwent 63 days of feeding with EGCG at 0, 0.091, or 3.67 mg/g AIN-93M diet and were then subjected to a battery of cognitive and muscle function tests. EGCG feeding at either of the 2 doses did not alter preference for novel versus familiar arm in the Y-maze test (p = 0.29) and did not affect learning in the active avoidance test (p = 0.76). Similarly, EGCG did not affect preference for novel versus familiar mice in a social discrimination test (p = 0.17). Likewise, there was no effect of EGCG on muscle function by grip strength (p = 0.16), rotarod (p = 0.18), or treadmill test to exhaustion (p = 0.25). EGCG reduced mortality in a dose-dependent fashion (p = 0.05, log-rank test for trend), with 91% of high EGCG, 72% of low EGCG, and 55% of control mice surviving to the end of the study. In conclusion, EGCG improves survival in aged mice but does not affect cognitive or muscle function.
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Zhao, S. S., N. L. Harrison, L. Peruffo, and N. Goodson. "SAT0395 SOCIAL ISOLATION IS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH MORE SEVERE DISEASE IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1147.2–1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.885.
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Background:Social isolation has negative impacts on health and wellbeing at different stages of life. It is associated with longer sickness absence and increased mortality in the general population [1]. Reducing social isolation is a growing governmental priority in many countries such as the UK. The effects of social isolation on patients with rheumatic diseases have not been studied.Objectives:To examine whether living alone impacts disease severity and quality of life among axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients.Methods:We conducted a single-centre cross-sectional study of consecutive patients meeting the ASAS axial SpA criteria in Liverpool, UK. Patients answered questionnaires including whether they lived alone, which we used as a proxy for social isolation. Disease assessment measures included BASDAI, spinal pain, BASFI, quality of life (EuroQol), global health and fatigue. We separately extracted self-reported anxiety or depression from the EuroQol questionnaire (as absent, moderate, severe) since it is an important associated factor. Patient characteristics were compared between patients who lived alone and those who did not, using descriptive statistics. The association between social isolation and each disease measure were assessed using multivariable linear models, adjusted for age, gender, post-code derived deprivation index, BMI, anxiety/depression and smoking status.Results:A total of 353 patients (68% male, mean age 46 years) were studied; 82% met the modified New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. 58 (16%) patients reported living alone. These patients were older (49 vs 43 years, P=0.006), more frequently male (83 vs 65%, P=0.008), and more frequently current smokers (53 vs 31%, p=0.009). They were otherwise similar in the proportion meeting criteria for AS, HLA-B27 positivity, and BMI (Table 1). Self-reported anxiety or depression was not significantly different between the two groups. Regression models showed that patients living alone had 1 unit higher BASDAI, pain and BASFI than those who did not, independent of potential confounders (Table 2). Living alone was also associated with poorer quality of life, but not fatigue or global health.Table 1.Patient characteristics compared according to whether they live alone.Do not live aloneLive aloneP valueN (%)295 (83.6%)58 (16.4%)Mean age, years (SD)43.4 (14.0)49.0 (12.4)0.006Males, n (%)192 (65.1%)48 (82.8%)0.008Meeting mNY criteria238 (80.7%)48 (82.8%)0.712HLA-B27 positive109 (54.0%)25 (71.4%)0.054Mean BMI, (SD)28.17 (5.6)29.40 (6.8)0.196Smoking statusCurrent87 (31.4%)30 (52.6%)0.009Ex52 (18.8%)8 (14.0%)Never138 (49.8%)19 (33.3%)Self-reported anxiety or depressionAbsent145 (49.2%)22 (38.0%)0.229Moderate120 (40.7%)27 (46.6%)Extreme30 (10.2%)9 (15.5%)Deprivation Index, median (IQR)2 (1, 5)2 (1, 4)0.190Table 2.Impact of social isolation (living alone) on disease severity measures in axial spondyloarthritis.BASDAI1.0 (0.2 to 1.8)Spinal pain1.0 (0.03 to 1.9)BASFI1.0 (0.1 to 1.9)Quality of life-0.13 (-0.24 to -0.02)Fatigue0.1 (-0.7 to 0.9)Global health-0.03 (-0.8 to 0.7)Data shown as coefficient (95%CI). Quality of life assessed using EuroQol. All other indices are on a scale of 0 (best) to 10 (worst).Conclusion:Living alone - as a proxy for social isolation - was associated with more severe disease and poorer quality of life in axSpA patients, independent of depression and other confounders. Further studies are needed to examine the direction of causation, and whether lack of social support influences their ability to seek and/or benefit from healthcare provision.References:[1]Cornwell EY, Waite LJ. Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and health among older adults. J Health Soc Behav. 2009;50(1):31–48.Disclosure of Interests:None declared