Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Socially disadvantaged people'
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Schlabach, Kelly A. Schlabach. "Preying on Poverty: How Serial Rapists Exploit the Vulnerability of Socially Disadvantaged People." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461242905.
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Makati, Pamela. "A critical study of Charles Dickens' representation of the socially disadvantage." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/173.
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This research is an examination of Charles Dickens’ representation of the underprivileged in the Victorian society. The socially disadvantaged members that will be under discussion are the poor, women and children, who are of major concern in Dickens’ selected texts namely Bleak House, Great Expectations, Hard Times and Oliver Twist. It is evident that Dickens noted the impact of industrialisation on the Victorian society as it created a massive urban development, leading to a higher class division. Initially, the English society consisted of the aristocracy, the landed gentry and the servants who belonged to the lower class. The influx of industrialisation created a further division of these classes in which there emerged the capitalists or bourgeoisie, who were the industrialists like Mr. Bounderby in Hard Times, and the working class, who were the industrial workers. Although the Industrial Revolution fostered urban growth, it is unfortunate that the number of the poor also increased. Many of them lived under squalid conditions with poor sanitation leading to fatal diseases and even death. Being a socially conscious writer, Dickens depicts the world in which he lives, as a strategy to raise awareness in his readers of what was really happening, and hopefully, to bring social reforms. Apart from the poor, Dickens also portrays the brutal treatment of children at the workhouses. This research will show that Dickens was an obstinate critique of the Poor Law and its administration. Furthermore, it will be proven that Dickens also abhorred child labour because of his own childhood experience. Moreover, his repugnance is also noted in the way he creates child characters like Oliver Twist who are mistreated and exploited as child workers. Dickens representation of women is largely influenced by the Victorian ideology surrounding the role of women in society. It is evident that the English society was very patriarchal and strongly confined women to domesticity. Women were also expected to uphold virtue and purity and if they lost both, they were despised and not tolerated at all by society. Although Dickens creates both the Victorian stereotypical woman who is the “angel in the house,” and the antitypical women who comprise of the prostitutes, those who bear children out of wedlock and the larger than life characters like Mrs. Joe Gargery and Molly in Great Expectations, he is revealing the different types of women one can find in society. Moreover, the juxtaposition of the stereotype and the antitype is also a suggestion of the latter’s struggle to fight against patriarchy by assuming the unexpected. Therefore, this research will prove that Dickens is not a patriarchal writer but he actually sympathizes with the plight of women. A realist and naturalist reading of Dickens’ selected texts will provide literary theory for this research. Writing during the time that both theories were grounded, it is evident that Dickens adopted both elemental forms of writing. A feminist approach to Dickens’ female characters will also foster the analysis. Being a realist and naturalist writer, Dickens is comparable to writers of his time such as Nikolai Gogol from Russia who also employs a similar mode of writing in his works. Dickens’ antitypical female characters are comparable to those of the later feminist writers who have placed much emphasis on the independent female characters. It is evident that Dickens’ creation of violent or impure female characters influenced the feminist writers to use them as representations of female independence.
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Da, Silva Pita Anita. "Normative indicators for an isiXhosa-speaking population with disadvantaged education for tests of hand motor function and verbal fluency." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002468.
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The aim of the study was to obtain preliminary normative data for two tests of hand motor function (Successive Finger Tapping and Purdue Pegboard tests) and two tests of verbal fluency ("S"-Words-In-One-Minute and Words-In-One-Minute), administered in English, on a non-clinical sample of black, isiXhosa-speaking unskilled workers with a background of relatively disadvantaged former DET education (N = 33). The sample was equally distributed for gender; educational level was restricted to 11 - 12 years; age range was 18 - 40 years divided further into two age categories (18 - 29 and 30 - 40 years). Results of t-test comparative analyses revealed significant age effects on both trials of the Successive Finger Tapping test in the direction of the younger age group outperforming the older age group, and a marginal but consistent tendency towards poorer performance at an earlier age stage than proposed by the available literature, for the Purdue Pegboard, "S"Words- In-One-Minute and Words-In-One-Minute. Gender effects were only in evidence on the Purdue Pegboard in the direction of females outperforming males. A descriptive comparison of the norms acquired for the present study with available normative data for English first language speaking populations with higher levels and/ or relatively advantaged quality of education revealed consistently poorer performance for the present study. The findings highlight the effect of relatively low levels and/ or poor quality of education on both verbal and non-verbal neuropsychological test performance and confirm the need for demographically specific normative data.
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Ogunsola, Elizabeth Stephens Hines Edward R. Brickell John L. "Perceptions of the relationship between intervention strategies and student persistence in special services for disadvantaged students programs." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1987. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8806862.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1987.Title from title page screen, viewed August 26, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Edward R. Hines, John L. Brickell (co-chairs), Mary Ann Lynn, Franklin G. Matsler, Oliver J. Williams. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-164) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Maduro, Edwina. "The implications of cultural resources for educational attainment and socioeconomic progression among Caribbeans in Britain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-implications-of-cultural-resources-for-educational-attainment-and-socioeconomic-progression-among-caribbeans-in-britain(974dd942-0c0f-415d-99c3-ed5865cb4f93).html.
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This thesis explores the implications of cultural resources for educational attainment and socioeconomic progression among Caribbeans in Britain - one of Britain's most disadvantaged [social] ethnic groups - since the 1940s. More specifically, it offers, first, a review of Caribbeans’ experiences in education and socioeconomic domains in Britain, as have been researched throughout the decades since the World Wars, and explores, second, how cultural resources through which Caribbeans understand their social world and mediate their experiences therein impact upon their educational attainment and socioeconomic progression. Cultural resources, as implied in studies undertaken by DeGraaf (1986; 1989; 2000) in the Netherlands, are acquired in settings such as the family and schools in which individuals are socialised, i.e., learn their culture and how to live in their social world. These settings are held to be influenced by cultural and societal factors that are interrelated and are, in effect, sociocultural (Wertsch, 1994; 1995). Such settings are posited in this thesis as vital to understanding Caribbeans’ educational and socioeconomic outcomes. This is demonstrated through adopting a sociocultural approach from which analyses was undertaken into the experiences of ten families of three generations and ten individuals - all of Caribbean descent - who participated in a quasi-ethnographic inquiry that formed the empirical part of the study. The participants had a range of educational, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds, which characterised a purposive sample that they formed. Their accounts of their experiences, which were the source from which inferences about their educational attainment, socioeconomic progression, and cultural resources are made, were elicited through ethnographic interviews, participant observations, and researcher’s diaries, and are presented in this thesis as family case study analyses and sociocultural settings analyses. The inquiry revealed that the participants across the whole sample were socialised in a key set of sociocultural settings that were identified in their accounts of their experiences as family, community, religion, education, and occupation. In-depth interrogation of patterns in their lived experiences in these settings revealed that their socialisation processes were diverse and, consequently, reflected in diversity in their acquisition and usage of a common set of cultural resources that were discovered and, through analyses, reified as familial influence, community orientation, religiosity, familiarity with formal education processes, and occupational aspiration. Diversity in their acquisition and usage of these resources in the various settings reflected in diverse patterns of educational and socioeconomic outcomes across the three generations. However, two distinct patterns are herein defined and discussed as a ‘trajectory of advancement’ and a ‘trajectory of urgency’. The former characterises the outcomes of participants who had attained educationally and progressed in socioeconomic terms across generations in their family, and the latter characterises the outcomes of participants who had not attained educationally and remained disadvantaged in socioeconomic terms across generations in their family. These findings are tentative, but they suggest, nonetheless, that cultural resources are salient in shaping Caribbeans’ educational and socioeconomic outcomes. Such findings are significant in that they interrupt the ways that Caribbeans’ experiences and outcomes in education and socioeconomic domains have been understood historically and, at the same time, offer the sociocultural approach as another way from which to understand these experiences and outcomes. In addition, the sociocultural approach from which these finding are derived and the concept of cultural resources are introduced, in this thesis, in an understanding of patterns of educational and socioeconomic outcomes that persist across generations. This understanding, it is herein suggested, is crucial to any debate surrounding persistently low achievement in education and socioeconomic domains among social groups - particularly among groups such as Caribbeans that are disadvantaged in education and socioeconomic domains.
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Richardson, Lindsey A. "When work is more than a job : employment among people who inject drugs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4aadb1b8-4ba3-48d1-a7ee-fd2ee0416b55.
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This thesis explores employment among people who inject drugs (IDU). It seeks identify what differentiates IDU who work from those who do not, barriers to labour market participation, and how employment is perceived and experienced by IDU. Using longitudinal data from the Vancouver Injection Drug User Study (VIDUS), it conducts this research through a detailed examination of the implications of missing data, quantitative analyses of transitions into employment and qualitative, in-depth interviews. Missing data analyses identified differences between those that those that do and do not have missing data, as well as predictors of observation gaps and how individuals end their study participation (either right-hand censorship, attrition, or death). Differences were observed along individual, behavioural and contextual dimensions. Analytical approaches to the relationship between data structure and content gleaned useful information for longitudinal studies with marginalized populations. Discrete time event history analyses of work transitions revealed complex relationships between drug use, drug-related activities, situational risk factors, and transitions into employment. While most IDU did not make transitions into employment, some did, and while some statistical relationships were expected, others were surprising. Novel findings included mode-specific addiction treatment impacts on employment (methadone vs. non-methadone) and the importance of the broader risk environment over and above even high-intensity substance use. Finally, qualitative interviews identified heterogeneity in individual motivations toward and experiences of work. Those who maintained concurrent drug use and formal labour market involvement utilized strategies to spatially and temporally separate the two activities. Individual capacities to employ these strategies were facilitated by material, vocational and temporal motivations, and interfered with by health conditions, catastrophic events and institutional relationships that operated as barriers to employment. This study provides insight into what is a known social determinant of health in the general population among injection drug users.
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Hrbková, Jana. "Sociální podnikání." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191549.
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The diploma thesis analyses and compares the current situation of social entrepreneurship in Prague and Plzen region. On the basis of an empirical analysis it evaluates the differences in public awareness and public opinion on the concept of social entrepreneurship and analyses benefits of an individual social enterprise for its employees. The main asset of the thesis is the list of individual recommendations which might help to develop social entrepreneurship in the Czech Republic.
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Brann-Barrett, Mary-Tanya. "The way we see it: an analysis of economically disadvantaged young people's experiences and perceptions of social and economic health in their semi-rural community." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/270.
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This study investigates how socially and economically disadvantaged young people, living in a semi-rural, post-industrial Atlantic Canadian community, experience and perceive social and economic health -- defined as participants' sense of comfort and security that their social and economic needs are, and will continue to be, met in their community. I argue that social and educational policies and practices must reflect the realities of local citizens if they aim to interrupt regional health disparities.
A key objective of this research is to expose and challenge gender, class, and regional inequalities through an analysis of young adults' social and economic health experiences and perceptions. Drawing primarily upon Pierre Bourdieu's (1990b; 2001)concepts -- habitus, field, and symbolic domination -- relations between gender, class,and historical circumstances theoretically inform this research.
Employing a critical ethnographic methodological framework (Madison, 2005),experiences and perceptions of ten economically disadvantaged youth -- five women and five men, ages 19-30 -- were gathered through focus groups, individual interviews, participant observation, critical dialogue (using media to stimulate dialogue among participants), and an adaptation of photovoice (a technique combining photography and narrative).
Results suggest that the social and economic health needs of economically disadvantaged young adults are not being met. They confirm Bourdieu's (1999a)assertion of an interrelationship between physical place and the positioning of agents in social fields. Participants navigate economic, cultural, and social fields, aware of their social positioning as they 'work' the fields in order to secure enough capital to 'get by'. Their struggles are examples of symbolic domination and suggest a significant psycho-social cost to young adults seeking social and economic health through various fields. Analyses of their experiences suggest a disjuncture between gendered identities ascribed to participants through historically-rooted habitus and contemporary social fields.
Recommendations call for gender, class, and regional inequalities to be addressed through structural interventions and investment in long term community-based education that is integrated with local economic development initiatives. Furthermore, this research calls attention to how research agendas and procedures can actually reinforce marginalization, making it difficult for the voices of disadvantaged communities to enter into dominant public discourse.
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Naidoo, Anthony. "The development of a management career development model to empower and advance previously disadvantaged managers in the automotive sector." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05242005-082644.
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Laguardia, Armando Reinaldo. "A Study of the Success of School College Partnerships Created to Improve Minority and Disadvantaged Student Enrollment and Success in Postsecondary Education." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1309.
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This study focused on "comprehensive" partnerships between K-12 schools and postsecondary institutions created to improve the pre-college academic preparation, college enrollment and postsecondary success of minority and disadvantaged students. The study identified such partnerships in existence in the United States for more than five years, surveyed the partnerships to describe their characteristics, and selected two of the most successful to analyze their success characteristics. Sixteen such partnerships were identified and surveyed with a 12-item questionnaire designed to inquire about their: (a) structural characteristics, (b) funding, (c) success in achieving their goals and objectives, and (d) collection of data to measure success. Three key informants from each partnership were surveyed. Forty of 48 surveys were returned, for a return rate of 82%. Responses were tabulated to ascertain the degree to which these partnerships had been successful in achieving their goals and identify the areas in which they experienced success. Two of the most successful partnerships were selected for case studies and visited to collect information about the factors that affected their success and to interview five key participants who represented schools and postsecondary institutions in each of the partnerships. An interview protocol was used to probe the degree to which the characteristics of partnerships success identified in the literature (Van de Water, 1989) were present and effected the case study partnerships. Analysis of the surveys, partnership materials, and the interviews provided a comprehensive portrait of each of the study partnerships. Results of the surveys indicate that a majority of these partnerships; consider themselves at least somewhat successful in achieving their goals, and have improved high school preparation and college enrollments. They are, however, less informed about their success in increasing college retention and graduation. The case studies and interviews revealed that the partnerships valued the success characteristics identified in the literature. The most salient characteristics required for success were the existence of leadership capable of negotiating change within several institutions with different organizational cultures, and the need to recognize that partnerships are unique organizations with some of the same peculiarities, structures and needs as other organizations.
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Šmídová, Tereza. "Sociální podnikání neziskových organizací v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75995.
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The final thesis presents findings of the nongovernmental non-profit organizations' entrepreneurial activities in the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis was to find out if NGOs fulfil criteria for social firm according to defined standards. NGOs necessarily run a business to get additional money for their activities to substitute diminishing state funds. The research focused on NGOs' entrepreneurship was done by electronic questionnaire within this thesis. Its purpose is to inform about motivation, risks, problems, personal characteristics and financial sustainability of social firms. The study has evidence that none of the respondents from Czech NGOs fully met standards' requirements. The organizations usually are not able to earn at least 50 % of the firm's turnover through sales of goods and services and also 25 - 55 % of the workforce is not disadvantaged in gaining employment.
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Larey, Desiree Pearl. "Focus schools and vocational education in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20023.
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Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main goal of this thesis was to better understand the role and function of the focus schools project in the Western Cape, to explore the reasons for their emergence in 2006, and to locate the policy initiative within historical and policy developments around vocationalism in the province. The study focused in particular on how one focus school experienced the roll-out of this policy decision, what the impressions of the learners and educators at a case study school were, and also how officials attached to the Western Cape Education Department described the emergence and implementation of the policy. Further goals of the study were to contextualize the policy process that led to this form of provision, and to conceptualise how this fitted in with educational development issues in the province. A brief backdrop of historical developments and its role in the education of communities in the Western Cape, particularly the coloured community, was provided to contextualize the policy initiative. The main contribution of the thesis is its description and analysis of policy documents and the viewpoints of a range of people connected to a new provincial initiative, focus schools, with regard to what a focus school is meant to achieve and how it is experienced. Data was collected by studying a range of unpublished policy documents, and to link these to interviews conducted with departmental and district officials, educators, learners, and one principal in relation to one case study school. The study showed that focus schools were regarded mainly as a form of vocational education provision to accommodate the desire of the Western Cape economy for intermediate skills in the mid-2000s. It illustrated how the focus school band has run its own unique course within educational structures since 2006, and highlighted how they have fulfilled their goal of getting more learners from historically disadvantaged communities into further study or into positions that better serve the needs of the local economy. The thesis suggested that the policy focus of getting learners into higher education seemed misguided and contrary to the goals of vocational education provision. This policy confusion was further highlighted by learners interviewed in the study who noted that they would have preferred to follow a more academically-based path. Few believed they could either get to university (as claimed by policy officials) or into a viable employment poisition by following a vocational route at school.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoel van die tesis was om ´n beter begrip van die rol en funksie van die fokusskool-projek in die Wes-Kaap te verkry, die redes vir die ontstaan van hierdie skole in die jaar, 2006 te ondersoek, asook om die beleids-inisiatief binne die historiese en beleidsontwikkeling rondom beroepsonderwys (vocationalism) in die provinsie na te speur. Die navorsing konsentreer hoofsaaklik op hoe een fokusskool die implementering van die beleidsbesluit ervaar, en in hoe ´n mate die leerders en die opvoeders verbonde aan die gevallestudie-skool die onderwysvoorsiening beleef. ´n Gedeelte van die ondersoek gee ook die sieninge van sleutelpersone in die Wes-Kaapse Onderwysdepartement weer. Verdere doelwitte van die ondersoek was om die beleidsproses wat gelei het tot hierdie onderwysvoorsiening te kontekstualiseer, en om dit te konseptualiseer in hoe ´n mate dit inpas in die opvoedkundige ontwikkeling binne die provinsie. ´n Kort agtergrond skets van die historiese ontwikkeling en die rol wat onderwys in die gemeenskappe van die Wes-Kaap, spesifiek die van die bruin (kleurling) gemeenskap was aangebied om die beleids-inisiatief te konseptualiseer. Die belangrikste bydrae van die tesis is die beskrywing en analise van beleidsdokumente en die standpunte van 'n verskeidenheid van mense wat betrokke is by die nuwe provinsiale inisiatief, fokusskole, met betrekking tot wat fokusskole beoog om te bereik en hoe dit beleef word. Inligting was versamel deur die bestudering van 'n reeks van ongepubliseerde beleidsdokumente, en dit verbind met onderhoude wat gevoer was met departementele- en distriks-amptenare. Opvoeders, leerders, en 'n skoolhoof verbonde aan een gevallestudie skool was ook ondervra. Die navorsing het getoon dat fokusskole ´n vorm van beroepsonderwys is om die strewe van die Wes-Kaapse ekonomie vir intermediêre vaardigheidsvlakke te verhoog. Die planne was gedurende die middel 2000´s in werking gestel. Die navorsing het ook getoon dat die fokusskool-projek sy eie unieke verloop binne die onderwys strukture sedert 2006 gehad het. Die ondersoek het ook getoon dat die strewe om meer leerders uit die historiese benadeelde gemeenskappe sover te kry om verder te gaan studeer of posisies te vervul om die plaaslike ekonomie te bedien, nie so suksesvol is soos die beleid dit vooruitstel nie. Die tesis stel voor dat die beleidsfokus om leerders na hoër onderwys te lei, misleidend is en teenstrydig is met die doelwitte van beroepsonderwys. Die verwarring wat deur die beleid veroorsaak was, was verder belig deur die leerders wat onderhoude mee gevoer was. Die leerders se mening is dat hulle liefs verkies om die meer akademiese-gebaseerde weg te volg. Min van hulle het geglo dat hul weg oop is na hoër onderwys soos wat amptenare van die Wes-Kaapse Onderwysdepartement beweer of dat beroepsmoontlikhede daar is nadat hy beroepsonderwys in fokusskole gevolg het.
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Chang, Yea-Ling, and 張雅鈴. "Self-Reliant Vendors Make It a Moralized Streetscape: Urban Street Vending of Socially Disadvantaged People." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zda8h9.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
建築與城鄉研究所
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This article explores the issues about street vending of the social disadvantaged in urban space. The main purposes are to understand how they appropriate street spaces for vending, their specific operation mechanisms, and the corresponding space contestations. Goffman’s stigma and performance perspectives, and Cresswell’s “out of place” concept are conducted as analytical bases. By means of observation and interview, the trajectories of becoming street vendors are described. Three types of street vending of socially disadvantaged people are discussed in details: the traditional type, the social enterprise type, and the alternative enterprise type. The existence of this kind of street vending on urban streets is often regarded as “out of place”, and operating in the name of compassion and pity. Nevertheless, “self-reliance” is what makes the fundamental and critical belief that underlies their appropriations of space. In the lack of economic and social capitals and under the restrictions of their disadvantaged conditions, they regularly keep moving around or adopt fluid occupation as strategies for making a living, which are also tactics that they apply to resist the regulations and managements of the municipal government for their persistent existences on the streets. Moreover, fluid occupation inverses the public street spaces into their livelihood spaces and survival spaces, generating alternative meaning of street space. Otherwise, they inevitably have to take actions to deal with the policing from city authority, and the strategies they take reflect the ambiguity, conflict, and predicament of the authority in their regulation, leaving the right to access to the space still controversial and unsettled. The two untraditional types of street vending emerged in recent years. They operate in a new trend and incline to move toward formalization. They’ve tried to urge the authority to consider to include them in formality. All in all, street vending of socially disadvantaged people is a performance system beyond compassion and based on the right to work with dignity in core. Street vending arising from below can be seen as strength of grassroots from city’s cracks and margins, creating their order outside the frame maintained by authorities, and consequently making it a moralized streetscape.
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Morrow, Ann. "The politics of educational disadvantage: the impact of central government policies on secondary schools' capacities to improve educational outcomes for their socially disadvantaged students." 2004. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1023.
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This thesis uses the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) developed by Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith (1993) to analyse the politics of educational disadvantage in Australia. The historical influence of two competing coalitions at Commonwealth and at State level in New South Wales and Victoria is traced. For most of the 20th century there has been a dominant conservative coalition and a minority coalition that has favoured reforms to assist socially disadvantaged groups in each of the three jurisdictions. However, the composition of these contending coalitions and their relative strengths have varied substantially from State to State. The theoretical model provided by the ACF was supplemented by explorations of Halligan and Power’s (1992) ‘regime dynamics’ framework which helps explain these differences in terms of the differing politico-administrative cultures of Victoria and New South Wales.
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Kadlecová, Michaela. "Zajištění dostupnosti základní zdravotní péče pro děti a mladistvé ze sociálně znevýhodněného prostředí." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350190.
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(in English): The thesis deals with the current state of the functioning of the health care system for children and youth in the Czech Republic with regard to the possible consequences of failure to provide basic health care resulting from difficult life situations, and therefore closely related to the social sphere. The main objective is to explore whether the current system is functional enough that there are no socially disadvantaged individuals "falling through a net". The theoretical part deals with the lives of socially disadvantaged individuals, with a focus on the family and its specifics. Furthermore the work deals with pediatric and dental preventive and curative health care. In addition to discussing basic parameters of the care, there are analyzed the risks for the eventual malpractice. Solution of the research uses a qualitative method using interviews with instructions. Not only was the research sample composed of individuals with experience with social disadvantage - particularly parents with children from shelter homes where one can assume such experience, but also practicing doctors who come into the very first contact with children the most often - pediatricians and dentists so that the view on the situation is as complex as possible.
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Bar{u00F3}n, R. Juan David. "Contemporary social policy : an analysis of economic and social disadvantage in Australia and Colombia." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150635.
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Barnes, Eloise Anne. "Library outreach services for disadvantaged communities in South Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10652.
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M. Bibl.This study examines the potential of library outreach services in the development of disadvantaged black communities. It also investigates the possibility of closer co-operation between libraries and other service organisations in the presentation of library outreach services. It is generally recognised that effective, relevant library services can help uplift disadvantaged people, but for a number of reasons disadvantaged black South Africans do not use or benefit from libraries. Libraries in South Africa therefore face a great challenge. They must remove the barriers that have prevented the majority of the population from making use of their services and in the course of their service rendering they must also make a notable contribution to the upliftment of their communities. Libraries must assume their rightful role as valuable, recognised service organisations in the black communities of South Africa. This study will propose that library outreach services can play a vital role in helping the library meet this challenge. It will also suggest that no library can fight disadvantagement in its community in isolation. It needs to establish links with other organisations in the community for the benefit of the disadvantaged individual as well as for its own.
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DeCuir, Jennifer Marie. "The influence of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and social discomfort on high-risk injection behavior among people who inject drugs." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8KH0N5K.
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Research on the determinants of injection drug use behavior has traditionally concentrated on factors operating at the individual level. However, more recent studies have found that behaviors surrounding injection drug use are shaped, not only by individual-level characteristics, but also by the environment in which they occur. The risk environment paradigm, proposed by Rhodes and colleagues, describes how factors exogenous to the individual influence high-risk injection behavior and blood borne virus (BBV) transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID). To date, few elements of the risk environment have been evaluated as potential determinants of high-risk injection behavior. The purpose of this dissertation was to study the influence of two elements of the risk environment on unsafe injection practices among PWID – neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and social discomfort surrounding the acquisition of sterile syringes from syringe exchange programs (SEPs) and pharmacies. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted on the relation between neighborhood context and injection drug use behavior. Research gaps and methodological challenges identified in this review were used to design analyses exploring relations among neighborhood disadvantage, social discomfort, and high-risk injection behavior. These analyses were conducted using data collected from 484 PWID enrolled in the Pharmacists as Resources Making Links to Community Services (PHARM-Link) study, combined with data from the American Community Survey. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to estimate associations between measures of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and high-risk injection behavior. SEP accessibility and drug-related police activity were evaluated as potential modifiers of these relations. Similar methods were used to estimate associations between measures of social discomfort and high-risk injection behavior, including neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage as a potential effect modifier. The systematic literature review on neighborhood context and injection drug use behavior identified few articles pertaining to this relation (n=22). Selected studies primarily investigated the influence of structural aspects of the neighborhood environment on behaviors surrounding injection drug use, while aspects of the social environment and potential modifiers of neighborhood-behavior relations were understudied. Subsequent quantitative analyses revealed that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with safer injection behaviors among PWID. Injectors in disadvantaged neighborhoods reported less receptive syringe sharing and less unsterile syringe use than their counterparts in relatively better off neighborhoods. Drug-related police activity attenuated associations between neighborhood disadvantage and unsterile syringe use, while the direction of associations between neighborhood disadvantage and the use of unsafe syringe sources varied with levels of SEP accessibility. In neighborhoods with high SEP accessibility, neighborhood disadvantage was associated with decreased use of unsafe syringe sources, while in neighborhoods with low SEP accessibility, neighborhood disadvantage was associated with increased use of unsafe syringe sources. Social discomfort was not associated with high-risk injection behavior, but effect modification was detected between neighborhood disadvantage and two items measuring the quality of relationships between participants and syringe staff: “Pharmacists care about my health and well-being” and “The staff at syringe exchange programs seems to care about my health and well-being.” In disadvantaged neighborhoods, participants who reported positive relationships with syringe staff were less likely to engage in receptive syringe sharing. However, in relatively better off neighborhoods, positive relationships with syringe staff were associated with increased receptive syringe sharing. Overall, the results of this dissertation support the validity of the risk environment paradigm in shaping high-risk injection behavior among PWID. Future studies should continue to investigate contextual factors as determinants of behavior surrounding injection drug use. Understanding how aspects of local-area environments influence injection risk behavior will be essential to eliminating the transmission of BBVs among PWID.
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Mokoena, Marshal Buti. "Improving the lifestyles of previously disadvantaged individuals through a personal life planning programme." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1752.
Full textAbstract:
There is scant research concerning youth development programmes specifically from Adler's (1968) Individual Psychology perspective. Current programmes seem to be void of critical issues that are important in the local context because of their having a strong bias towards the Western perspective. Thus, the present research project sought firstly to assist the Previously Disadvantaged Youth (PDY) to develop constructive lifestyles characterised by self-mastery, encouragement, creativity and social interest. Secondly, it aimed to obtain specific local African input that would help expand the current Personal Life Planning Programme (PLPP) to one that addresses the unique needs and circumstances confronting South African PDYs today. Finally, it attempted to test the validity, scope and merit of Adler's theoretical assertion, within the context of the previously disadvantaged communities in South Africa, that all humans are engaged in a lifelong striving for superiority to overcome perpetual feelings of inferiority and life tasks. The latter objectives were addressed through the implementation of the PLPP. The study, as well as the related PLPP, is strongly founded on Adler's Individual Psychology (Adler, 1968; Ansbacher & Ansbacher 1956; Corsini & Wedding, 2005; Meyer et al., 2003; Prochaska & Narcross cited in Osborn, 2001). The relevant data were collected from a sample of matriculants from the PDY population living in a black township near Pretoria. The information was collected by means of the PLPP workbook; semi structured interviews, as well as, audiovisual equipment. A combination of a "Pre-structured Case Outline" and the related "Sequential Analysis" (Miles & Huberman, 1994, p. 85) was adopted, with the researcher undertaking the entire data management process. In addition to confirming the applicability of Adler's theory within the PDY context, the findings suggest that the research objectives were significantly met, i.e. the participants reported and displayed marked lifestyle improvements along with specific life skills development needs related to their deprivation.Psychology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Maluka, Constance Sarah. "Subjective well-being and self-esteem in a disadvantaged community." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1859.
Full textAbstract:
As people meet their basic biological needs, they become increasingly concerned with higher level needs, such as personal development and positive well-being. The term "subjective well-being" (SWB) refers to people's evaluations of their lives and although relatively stable, people's levels of SWB are influenced by life events. The high position of esteem needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs reflects the importance of self-esteem in people's judgement of their quality of life. A one group post test only, analytical research design was utilised with 570 residents of an informal settlement in Soweto. A structured questionnaire was designed to obtain information on demographic variables, levels of SWB and levels of self-esteem. The levels of SWB and self-esteem within the community were relatively high. Multiple regression analyses models confirmed that demographic factors are weakly correlated with SWB and self-esteem. Self-esteem was highly correlated with life satisfaction.Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Mashele, Murray Elleck. "Strategies to build the governance capacity of school governing bodies in previously disadvantaged communities." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3552.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, a literature review and qualitative research design are used in an attempt to establish the obstacles to the effective governance of schools in previously disadvantaged communities. From the research, it emerges that the SGBs govern their schools intuitively. This is because they lack knowledge of how schools should be governed. Various strategies to build the governance capacity of these SGBs are formulated in this study to assist them to govern their schools effectively. Effective governance is an important instrument that can restore order, protect the rights of both learners and educators, prevent discipline problems amongst learners and establish the provision of quality education in these communities.Teacher Education
M.Ed. (Education Management)
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Moodley, Jacqueline. "The effects of selected socio-demographic variables on depression and resilience in a sample of socio-economically disadvantaged women in Doornkop, Soweto." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8566.
Full textAbstract:
M.Sc. (Research Psychology)Mental health is known to be adversely affected by gender inequality and poverty. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that psychological disorders affect half the global population (WHO, 2010) and South African estimates posited that 16.5% of the population presented with common mental disorders in 2007 (Williams et al., 2008). Depression and anxiety disorders in women, specifically, are posing a major public health concern in developing countries due to inadequate treatment (Aidoo & Harpham, 2001). Protective factors, namely intrapersonal, interpersonal, community and cultural factors, were identified by Ungar (2008) as a mechanism that promotes resilience and alleviates the effects of adversity. In order to develop knowledge geared toward intervention strategies to promote mental health in socio-economically disadvantaged women in urban communities, this study employed an explanatory mixed methods research design (which included both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews) to establish an incidence of depressive symptoms, and levels of ego-resilience, among women in Doornkop, Soweto. This was done in order to explore, first, the relationships between selected socio-demographic variables and depression and ego-resilience, and second, to investigate if there was a relationship between depression and ego-resilience. Finally, the study aimed to gain an understanding of how women perceived the role of protective resources in their lives which might promote positive mental health outcomes. The statistical component of the study found a weak negative correlation between the two constructs of depression and ego-resilience. Symptoms of depression appeared to be related by exposure to a high number of difficult life experiences, and particularly in instances of having been a victim of crime or violence. While ego-resilience seemed to be related to increased participation in community groups, it also correlated with adversity, namely, unemployment. This led the researcher to the conclusion that for this sample, depression and ego-resilience were independent constructs, and although they were divergent concepts, both were shaped by exposure to adversity. The interview data further explored exogenous sources of resilience as set out by Ungar (2008). These findings highlighted the importance of interpersonal relations on feelings of well-being. While the protective factors varied in the sources from which they arose (from children, romantic partners, parents, peers and community groups to music and television, and faith in God), they all provided a sense of purpose, belonging and self -worth, which enabled positive feelings. The main recommendation that arose from the research was the need for community education about mental illness, the services available to communities, and the importance of developing and maintaining family and community systems of support. These measures may go some way toward enhancing resilience in women and reducing vulnerability to mental disorders arising from experiences of adversity. Furthermore, a focus on community-based interventions, such as education and life skills, is vital in shifting the focus of interventions from mental illness to the promotion of mental health. Ongoing research is fundamental to developing our existing knowledge of both psychopathology and the promotion of mental well-being in women in socio-economically deprived communities. Research, in light of the challenges facing community mental health services in poor areas, could include foci on the beliefs of professionals including the knowledge and skills required to deliver effective mental health services. Knowledge of this nature should serve to enhance our understanding of the complexities of mental health and inform the development of innovative and appropriate treatment modalities that are oriented to the particular needs of women in resource-poor communities.
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Sharma, Rachana. "An evaluation of rural public housing programs in India : a qualitative case-study of problems of beneficiaries in UP state." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15687/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the thesis is to evaluate the government housing programs in rural India through assessing the problems/needs of the beneficiaries who belong to the poorest and most vulnerable group of the society. An adequate study of the needs and perceptions of this group is to be undertaken at a local level. The case study undertaken here is based on intensive field investigations conducted in ten villages of the western Uttar Pradesh state.
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Keun, Rothea. "The perceptions of parents from disadvantaged backgrounds of their role in preparing their children for school." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13718.
Full textAbstract:
A child's early years are vital for development. The first few years of life is a period of rapid physical, mental, emotional, social and moral growth and development. This is a time when young children acquire concepts, skills and attitudes that lay the foundation for lifelong learning. During this time, parents are the primary influence on a child’s development and learning. The more parents are involved with their children, the more positive learning and general life outcomes occur. Different factors have been linked to children’s readiness to learn as they enter school. These include family characteristics such as the income level of the child’s household, parent education, and family structure. Other experiences in the home and community also linked to children’s readiness to learn include the quality of their relationships with parents, educational activities at home, and opportunities to participate in recreational or educational activities.
Research has shown that poverty in early childhood can prove to be a handicap for life. Studies have revealed that many children under the age of five, living in poverty, annually fail to reach their full cognitive and social potential and do not have the necessary knowledge, skills and attitude to engage effectively in formal schooling once entering Grade 1. In the light of this, parents are in a key position to establish a suitable environment and to provide experiences during the early childhood years, whereby their young children can grow and develop to reach their fullest potential.
This study is aimed to determine the way parents from disadvantaged backgrounds perceive their role, in their children’s early development and preparation for school. A selected group of parents of preschool children from disadvantaged communities in an area northeast of Tshwane participated in focus group discussions. Through the information obtained from the study, crucial limitations and needs regarding parenting and school preparation were identified. Based on these findings, the necessity for an effective and helpful parental guidance and intervention programme for these disadvantaged communities were recognized. If parents become more knowledgeable about early childhood development and school readiness, by expanding and improving their parenting skills, they might largely improve the development and learning abilities of their preschool children. It is therefore recommended that this study forms the foundation in the development of an intervention programme, which addresses the needs of these parents and provides support to equip them in their roles, in preparing their preschool children for school.Early Childhood Education and Development
M. Ed. (Specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)
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Keun, Rothea. "The perceptions of parents from disadvantages backgrounds of their role in preparing their children for school." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13718.
Full textAbstract:
A child's early years are vital for development. The first few years of life is a period of rapid physical, mental, emotional, social and moral growth and development. This is a time when young children acquire concepts, skills and attitudes that lay the foundation for lifelong learning. During this time, parents are the primary influence on a child’s development and learning. The more parents are involved with their children, the more positive learning and general life outcomes occur. Different factors have been linked to children’s readiness to learn as they enter school. These include family characteristics such as the income level of the child’s household, parent education, and family structure. Other experiences in the home and community also linked to children’s readiness to learn include the quality of their relationships with parents, educational activities at home, and opportunities to participate in recreational or educational activities.
Research has shown that poverty in early childhood can prove to be a handicap for life. Studies have revealed that many children under the age of five, living in poverty, annually fail to reach their full cognitive and social potential and do not have the necessary knowledge, skills and attitude to engage effectively in formal schooling once entering Grade 1. In the light of this, parents are in a key position to establish a suitable environment and to provide experiences during the early childhood years, whereby their young children can grow and develop to reach their fullest potential.
This study is aimed to determine the way parents from disadvantaged backgrounds perceive their role, in their children’s early development and preparation for school. A selected group of parents of preschool children from disadvantaged communities in an area northeast of Tshwane participated in focus group discussions. Through the information obtained from the study, crucial limitations and needs regarding parenting and school preparation were identified. Based on these findings, the necessity for an effective and helpful parental guidance and intervention programme for these disadvantaged communities were recognized. If parents become more knowledgeable about early childhood development and school readiness, by expanding and improving their parenting skills, they might largely improve the development and learning abilities of their preschool children. It is therefore recommended that this study forms the foundation in the development of an intervention programme, which addresses the needs of these parents and provides support to equip them in their roles, in preparing their preschool children for school.Early Childhood Education and Development
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Dudáková, Zuzana. "Integrační sociální podnik jako nástroj aktivní politiky zaměstnanosti." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-330433.
Full textAbstract:
Social economy is a quickly developing segment of the national economy worldwide. An increasing number of both profit and non-profit organisations in the Czech Republic adhere to the principles of social economy. The legislation for social enterprises has not been drafted yet, which, first, is a drag on the development of social enterprising in the private sector, and, second, hampers its acknowledgement on the part of government institutions which, lacking the legal framework, are not capable of working with this phenomenon. Hence, a legal framework should be the first step towards support to social enterprising, in particular a framework on social integration enterprises employing people with a remarkably restricted access to the labour market. The goal of this thesis is to assess the validity of formerly proposed indicators to identify the characteristic features of social enterprises for the Czech Republic and to present proposals for potential adjustments to them. The thesis also identifies areas in which support to social enterprises is necessary so that they would be able to comply with the individual indicators. Keywords Indicator, people disadvantaged on the labour market, social economy, social enterprise, work integration social enterprise, social entrepreneur.
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Zoubková, Petra. "Sociální podnikání." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404570.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present thesis is to study the factors that affect social entrepreneurship from the perspective of the entrepreneur. The initial review provides definition of key terminology and a summary of the development of the concept of social economics, the relation between social entrepreneurship and social politics as well as that of social entrepreneurship and social work, and the specifics of company management in social enterprises. Ultimately, a review of the present state of social entrepreneurship in the Czech Republic is presented. The data for qualitative research was collected during interviews with 12 executives of various social enterprises based in 9 regions of the Czech Republic using the semi-structured interview method. Collected data was analyzed using inductive-deductive analysis. The research focuses on the requirements of providing employment for disadvantaged persons and the prerequisites and drawbacks of running a social enterprise. The research has shown that the main drawbacks of social entrepreneurship include insufficient knowledge of the specifics pertaining to the target group of employees; profit-oriented motivation; insufficient business training; excessive demands on the performance of disadvantaged employees; insufficient skills and working habits on the part...
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Bělohlávková, Rut. "Zastoupení sociálně znevýhodněných skupin v rámci sociálního podnikání v ČR." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415114.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of social enterpreneurship in the Czech Republic and is specifically focused on the work integration of particular needy groups (such as ex-convicts, long- term unemployed, disabled persons and former alcohol or drug addicts etc.). The aim of the thesis is to identify patterns and regularities between specific groups and types of social enterprises they work for. The secondary data analysis explores social enterprises registered at czech social enterpreneurship website as well as the groups they employ and compares different approches of the enterprises. The qualitative empirical research uncovers enterpreneurs' motives and furthermore explores connections between the types of social enterprises and the target groups they employ.
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Kudláčková, Karolína. "Sociální podnikání jako forma sociálně-pedagogické práce." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306904.
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Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE 2012 Bc. et Bc. Karolína Kudláčková Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze Katedra pedagogiky Diplomová práce Karolína Kudláčková Sociální podnikání jako forma sociálně-pedagogické práce The Social Enterprise as the Form of Social Pedagogy's Working 2012 Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Jitka Lorenzová, Ph. D. Děkuji vedoucí své diplomové práce PhDr. Jitce Lorenzové, Ph.D. za cenné rady v průběhu jejího psaní. Chci ale vyjádřit svou vděčnost také všem ředitelům a vedoucím, kteří mi umožnili realizovat kvalitativní výzkum ve svých organizacích, jejich zaměstnancům a externím pracovníkům pak za jejich ochotu a otevřenost, s nimiž mi sdělili své názory a postoje. Byla jsem mile překvapena, s jakým pochopením jsem se setkala nejen v neziskových organizacích, nýbrž také v řadách státních úředníků. Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně a výhradně s použitím citovaných pramenů, literatury a dalších odborných zdrojů. Tato má práce, ani její části nebyly využity v rámci jiného vysokoškolského studia či získání jakéhokoliv akademického titulu. Karolína Kudláčková v. r. V Praze dne 28. června 2012 Anotace Diplomová práce Sociální podnikání jako forma sociálně-pedagogické práce se snaží předložit co možná nejcelistvější pohled na...
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Procházka, Martin. "Motivace romských dětí ke vzdělávání a učení." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358114.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of the Romani children and their motivation for learning. It is based on a widely believed idea that motivation of the Romani ethnic group in general is different from the vast majority of population. In practice this problem may manifest itself when the children in question are unwilling to learn, they disrupt the educational process, they refuse to go to school and discontinue their further education as such. The theoretical part of the paper is focused on describing Romani people and their particularities connected with the family environment in which the Romani children are brought up and which strongly forms their attitudes. It also determines the amount of motivation for learning as a starting point for success in terms of education. Motivational factors depend on the value of education in the broader socio-cultural context of the Romani minority. The practical part of the thesis is based on the ethnographic research. The purpose of the research has been to analyze motivation of the Romani children for education. The method of observation has aimed to find the answers for the following research questions: To what extent does socio-cultural and completely different historical background reflect the Romani children's motivation for learning? Which are...
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Gush, Kim Lawrence. "Digital doorways and the analysis of software application usage in ‘unassisted learning’ environments in impoverished South African communities." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4746.
Full textAbstract:
The Digital Doorway (DD) project provides computing infrastructure in impoverished
communities in South Africa. DD terminals offer opportunities for unassisted- and peerassisted
learning of basic computer skills, and varying computing activities ranging from
entertainment, to independent research.
This study addresses software application usage, and how it relates to user demographics (age
and gender) and location, in order to better understand both the user base, and the nature and
extent of DD interactions.
A mixed-methods approach is employed, involving log-files, interviews, questionnaires, and
naturalistic observation; to build up a holistic picture of application usage and user behaviour
at selected sites.
Important issues with respect to ICT for Education and Development in the DD context, are
addressed. Analysis of the data indicates notable trends, and relationships between age,
gender, location, and application usage. User behaviour and environmental effects on usage
are discussed, and recommendations provided for future DDs and similar initiatives.Computing
M. Tech. (Information Technology)