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Journal articles on the topic 'Sociallist realism in literature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Shahab, Ali, Faruk Faruk, and Arif Rokhman. "French Literature: From Realism to Magical Realism." Jurnal Poetika 8, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v8i2.58651.

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The purpose of the article is to explore the evolution of French literature between the late 19th century and early 21st century. Although French literature has long been dominated by rationalistic ways of thinking, based on the thoughts of René Descartes and John Locke, authors have used different means to express their perceptions of society. The novel Madame Bovary (1856), including its depiction of conjugal relationships, can be considered to have pioneered realism in French literature. During the Second World War, existentialism and absurdism appeared as new ways of examining not only the relationship among humans, but also between humans and God. In the late 20th century, magical realism emerged as a new literary stream that explicitly recognized the irrationality of human thinking. This article finds that the rationality of realism was necessary for magical realism to be accepted; in this rationality, although works of magical realism were irrational, they had to be recognized as fine examples of French literature that embodied such revolutionary ideas as liberté (liberty), égalité (equality), and fraternité (fraternity). To study this phenomenon, we examine the history of french literature by applying archeological method in order to understand the world views of the authors and how they change over time.

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2

Dr. R. Hithayath Khan. "Magical Realism in Indian Literature." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 3 (October 9, 2023): 1958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i3.625.

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Magic realism or magical realism is a genre where magical or unreal elements play a natural part in an otherwise realistic environment. Although it is most commonly used as a literary genre, magic realism also applies to film and the visual arts. An example of magic realism occurs when a character in the story continuous to be alive beyond the normal length of life and this is subtly depicted by the character being present throughout many generations. On the surface the story has no clear magical attributes and everything is conveyed in a real setting and breaks the rules of our real world. Magic realism is term used to describe the everyday reality with supernatural events. The two terms ‘magic’ and ‘realism’ have become to intertwined that strange, unearthly happenings become almost an accepted, even normal part of daily life. Magic realism considers being a postcolonial phenomenon. Magic realism is to be found only in the post colonial texts. The writers of colonized countries incorporate magic realism in their writings as a mode of resistance to western rationalism. There is no place for logic in magic realism. In countries like India, People believe in myths and ghosts as they believe in history. Magical things do not constitute the Indian culture. There is realism also. Diaspora writers’ characters make use of magic realism to escape to a world of fantasy for it provides them pleasure, relief, and an escape from the excruciating pain they experience in an alien land. The term magical realism was introduced by Franz Roh, a German art critic in 1952. When Roh coined the term the mean it to create an art category the strayed from the strict guidelines of realism, but the term did not name an artistic movement until the 1940s in Latin America and the Caribbean. Magic realism or Magical realism is a genre of 20th century English literature. This paper deals Magical Realism in Indian literature and its authors.

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3

Crisp, P. "Essence, Realism and Literature." English 38, no. 160 (March 1, 1989): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/38.160.55.

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4

Fletcher, Don, and Rosemary Whip. "Deconstructing Realism in Literature." Peace Review 13, no. 2 (June 2001): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402650120060454.

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5

Ananyeva, S. V., and A. K. Kalieva. "From Social Realism to Magic Realism." Contemporary Issues of Literary Studies - International Symposium Proceedings 16 (December 11, 2023): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.62119/cils.16.2023.7521.

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Entire layers of fiction in retrospective light might escape the attention of modern literary criticism. Russian speaking writers and poets living in Kazakhstan introduce elements of Kazakh culture into their work: these are details of Kazakh life, song culture, and the bright imagery inherent in Kazakh literature and its unique artistic flavor. Regional Russian literature, connected by roots with Slavic literature, contributed to the development and mutual enrichment of literary ties between Kazakhstan and Russia. Already by the beginning of the 1920s, two directions in the approach to the Kazakh theme emerged: a contemplative attitude towards the historical past of the Kazakh people, the desire to idealize antiquity in a traditionally romantic sense, and a progressive perception and coverage of everything connected with the life of the Kazakhs. Russian-language literature in Kazakhstan has gone from socialist realism to magical realism. It is closely connected with the reality, history and traditions of the ethnic groups of Kazakhstan. Historical and revolutionary themes were developed in the spirit of the dominant ideology. The range of material covered included the period of collectivization before the development of virgin lands and the problems of the scientific and technological revolution. Magical realism gives literary texts a unique originality.

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6

Rastier, Francois, and Rachael Ann Siciliano. "Semantic Realism and Aesthetic Realism." SubStance 22, no. 2/3 (1993): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3685272.

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7

Lee, Alison, and Andrzej Gasiorek. "!*@*! Realism." Contemporary Literature 39, no. 1 (1998): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1208924.

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8

White, Hayden. "Figural Realism in Witness Literature." Parallax 10, no. 1 (January 2004): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1353464032000171145.

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9

Boccia, Michael. "Magical Realism: The Multicultural Literature." Popular Culture Review 5, no. 2 (August 1994): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2831-865x.1994.tb00033.x.

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10

Ben-Yishai, Ayelet. "Realism." Victorian Literature and Culture 46, no. 3-4 (2018): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150318000967.

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Duncan, Ian. "Realism." Victorian Literature and Culture 46, no. 3-4 (2018): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150318000979.

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12

Karam Ahmadova, Latifa. "REALISM IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY ENGLISH LITERATURE." SCIENTIFIC WORK 61, no. 12 (December 25, 2020): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/61/117-120.

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In England, realism was formed very quickly, because it appeared immediately after the Enlightenment, and its formation occurred almost simultaneously with the development of Romanticism, which did not hinder the success of the new literary movement. The peculiarity of English literature is that in it romanticism and realism coexisted and enriched each other. Examples include the works of two writers, Elizabeth Gaskell and Charlotte Bronte. However, the discovery and confirmation of realism in English literature is primarily associated with the legacy of Charles Dickens (1812-1870) and William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863). The works of Charles Dickens differ not only in the strengthening of the real social moment, but also in the previous realist literature. Dickens has a profoundly negative effect on bourgeois reality. Key words: England, realism, literary trend, bourgeois society, utopia, unjust life, artistic description

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13

Gill, Richard. "Chesterton's Realism." Renascence 57, no. 3 (2005): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/renascence200557328.

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14

Ascari, Maurizio. "Beyond Realism." Renascence 71, no. 1 (2019): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/renascence20197111.

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A complex and controversial novel, Atonement is at the core of a lively critical debate, opposing those who focus on the impossibility of Briony’s atonement – also in relation to the author’s atheist views – to those who conversely explore the redemptive quality of her “postlapsarian” painful self-fashioning. Far from concerning simply the destiny of a literary character, this debate has to do with the impact Postmodernist relativism has on both the conception of the human subject and the discourses of the past, from memory to history and fiction. Discarding any potentially nihilistic interpretations of Atonement as disempowering, this article delves into Ian McEwan’s multi-layered text in order to comprehend its ambivalences, its subtle investigation of the human condition, and its status as a postmemory novel reconnecting us to the events of World War Two.

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15

Smajic, S. "Supernatural Realism." Novel: A Forum on Fiction 42, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00295132-2008-001.

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16

Wood, M. "Indirect Realism." NOVEL A Forum on Fiction 46, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00295132-2019146.

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17

James, David. "Wounded Realism." Contemporary Literature 54, no. 1 (2013): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cli.2013.0000.

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18

Bistline, Ellen Truxaw. "Realism, Initially." SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 61, no. 4 (September 2021): 597–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sel.2021.a910831.

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Abstract: This article argues that the pictorial initials that begin chapters within many Victorian novels participate in and theorize these novels' modes of realism. Initials' dual pictorial-alphabetic form enacts an experience of leaving behind their illustrative image for sequential, alphabetic reading, thereby constituting the paradoxical meaningfulness of superfluous details in these novels' story worlds. By intimating extradiegetic character connections, the initials in Charles Dickens's Old Curiosity Shop create a sense that its character network is horizonless. In Elizabeth Gaskell's Wives and Daughters , initials suggest an unlimited granularity of pertinent intradiegetic detail.

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19

Heuvel, Michael Vanden, and William W. Demastes. "Ransacking Realism: The Plays of American New Realism." Contemporary Literature 30, no. 4 (1989): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1208618.

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20

Nurhidayah, Sri, and Rahmat Setiawan. "Traversing Magical Realism in Postcolonial Literature." NOTION: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Culture 4, no. 1 (May 10, 2022): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/notion.v4i1.5692.

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This article aims at traversing historical traces, concepts, and characteristics of magical realism and how it is pertinent in literary analysis. The pivot of the conceptual framework of this article in on Faris’ perspective on magical realism. The approach of this study is grounded theory. The data are quotations taken from referential books and journals. The techniques of data collection are documentation and quoting. The technique of analysis is thematic interpretation. This article figures out that magical realism deconstructs the status of magical and the real into a somersaulting realm. Western historical narrative establishes the real through rationality and alienates the magical which is identical to the East, the Other, or the indigenous. This rational narrative is propagandized and turns to be power relation. Therefore, magical realism, through some literary works, deconstructs the rational perspective with logical-magical narrative as one of postcolonial studies.

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21

Shchukina, M. A. "Socialist Realism VS Religion." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 42 (2022): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2022.42.128.

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The phenomenon of Soviet literature is a controversial chapter in the Russian history of the 20th century which was dominated by socialist ideology and where relations between the authors and the authorities were regulated by special rules. Thus, the literature of the Soviet period was characterized by its driving ambition to realize its place in time and space. Now experts agree that it integrated various sets of values. Soviet literature was used for educational, ideological, political and other purposes. This article explores the relation between ideology, religion and art using the example of socialist realism literature. The fact that the topic of religion fell by the wayside in the age of scientific atheism and socialist realism is of great interest for religion studies. The author aims to define the role of religion in the Soviet ideological and cultural process. This article examines various instruments of socialist realism, verifies dependence of literature on the society and value systems of the time, as well as analyzes relevant articles of distinguished scholars in culture and literature studies. The main result of this research is proving the existence of psychological component in socialist realism, alongside with the ideological and artistic ones.

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22

Garagyezova, Elnara. "Literature Movements in Modern Azerbaijani Literature: After Socialist Realism." Contemporary Issues of Literary Studies - International Symposium Proceedings 16 (December 11, 2023): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.62119/cils.16.2023.7560.

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Social realism entered literary studies as a trend distinguished by its spatial limitation and political-authoritarian origin among the literary trends of the 20th century. The political authoritarian origin has led to the trend becoming one of the main attributes of the ideology of a certain, closed political regime and being associated with that regime. However, since the movement of social realism originated from a political source, not a literary one, it was created on the basis of a plan, in the form of a project, and the end of the regime resulted in the sudden deletion of the movement from the literary agenda before it completely passed the extinction phase.

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23

Newman, Scott. "From marvellous realism to world literature." Francosphères 8, no. 1 (June 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/franc.2019.1.

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24

Schöler, Bo. "Mythic Realism in Native American Literature." American Studies in Scandinavia 17, no. 2 (September 1, 1985): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v17i2.1631.

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25

Leddy, Thomas W. "Naïve Realism in Philosophy of Literature." Philosophy Today 43, no. 1 (1999): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday199943141.

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26

Muller, Adam, and Paisley Livingston. "Realism/Anti-Realism: A Debate." Cultural Critique, no. 30 (1995): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1354431.

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27

Bhatnagar, Rashmi Dube, and Rajender Kaur. "Realism, Indian Literature, and World Literature: An Annotated Bibliography." South Asian Review 32, no. 1 (March 2011): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2011.11932811.

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28

Rahmani, Gulrahman, and Sayed Mojtaba Nayel. "Magic Realism and Fantastic in Contemporary Literature." International Journal of Middle Eastern Research 3, no. 1 (January 6, 2024): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijmer.2024.3.1.1.

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Magical Realism and Fantastic are two widely used concepts in contemporary literature. Fantastic is such fiction that blends the realities of our physical world with the supernatural in an indistinguishable manner, with the aim of leading minds of varying abilities on different trails. Both are used in combination to complete the novel. The reader is amazed by the inability to differentiate between real life and the world of fantasy. In Magical Realism, as the name implies, magic, history, fiction and myths are employed. The characters often possess supernatural abilities. It is often mistaken for imaginary realism. The main difference between the two is that in Fantastic, the characters feel shocked and horrified by the happenings, as in Harry Potter’s series, where the sudden disappearance of ‘the mirror’ causes shock. By contrast, in magical realism, the characters tend to react to the occurrence of magic. Another important point is the relation of both to scientific fiction, where events are analyzed on the basis of facts and scientific development in order to enable humans to face life intelligently.

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29

Morgan, Speer. "The New Realism." Missouri Review 45, no. 2 (June 2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.2022.0014.

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30

Fehr, Drude. "Realism and Semiotics." Orbis Litterarum 44, no. 1 (March 1989): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0730.1989.tb00885.x.

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31

Armstrong, Nancy. "Realism and Anachronism." Novel 53, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00295132-8309497.

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32

Larsen, Svend Erik. "Passions of Realism." Orbis Litterarum 55, no. 6 (December 2000): 418–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0730.2000.d01-26.x.

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33

Mangrum, Benjamin. "Tragedy, Realism, Skepticism." Genre 51, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 209–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00166928-7190493.

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34

LILI, Tong. "Theory of social realism in modern Chinese literature history: practice and development." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Oriental Languages and Literatures, no. 26 (2020): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-242x.2020.26.70-75.

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The aim of this paper is to show a way of development of the theory of social realism in China and to reveal an extent of influence of soviet theory of social realism to the literary process in this country in XX century. The article is descriptive by its plan. The object of study is the theory of social realism, and the subject of study is transformations of this theory in Chinese context. The research is based on the next model of periodization of the process of development of the mentioned theory in China: 1) 1933 – 1953 years, when the theory of realism was borrowed and started to gain ground in China; 2) 1953 – 1958 years, when Chinese literary critics had reconsidered the literature of "May 4th" Movement (1919) from the social realism point of view; 3) 1958 – 1980 years, when "cultural revolution" took place and the term "social realism" had got out of use from Chinese literary critic; and 4) 1980 year – till now, when revival of interest to the classic form of realism as the method of writing occurred. In addition to this, most important events or contentious issues for each mentioned period were underlined in the paper. In particular, it was recognized, that the most important event for Chinese literary circles during the first period was the Mao Zedong`s speech in Yan`an city in 1942; because since then, the theory of socialist realism had officially become the key method of literary writings in China, with works of soviet literature, based on it, as a main pattern. As for the second period, it is stated, that considering the main representative of the "May 4th" literature Lu Xun as a social realist is a matter of opinion, lacked sufficient arguments. Speaking about the third period, it is underlined, that the shift from the social realism to the mix of revolutionary romanticism and revolutionary realism occurred in method orientation during this period, with the last setting dominated till the end of the "cultural revolution". About fourth period it is stressed, that the interest of writers returned to the classical realism as a method of writing during this period. Then, the next features of the theory of socialist realism in the Chinese context were determined as a result of this research: an intention to estimate the described reality, clearly explicate the essence of the victory of socialist revolution and propagate the spirit of fight for the better future among the readers. Thus, it is noted in conclusions to the article, that socialist realism in China in the XX century went through raise and decline of theoretical interest during the process of adaptation to the new context, and finally gave way to the classical realism. So, the new wave of interest to the letter, in the field of theory in particular, is expected in future.

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35

Worthington, Ian. "Thucydides’ Realism." Classical Review 49, no. 2 (October 1999): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/49.2.368.

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36

Rato, Montira. "The Decline of Socialist Realism in Post-1975 Vietnamese Literature." MANUSYA 10, no. 2 (2007): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01002003.

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In Vietnam, Socialist Realism served as a tool for the party and the state to control art and literature. Its emphasis on the utilitarian function of literature and collectivism is a good explanation for why it flourished in Socialist countries, including Vietnam. However, Socialist Realism was found unsuitable for the development of Vietnamese literature in the post-1975 period. This study tries to examine how Socialist Realism was adopted and adapted in Vietnam, and why it was challenged in the post-war period.

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37

Setyawan, Mohammad Yusuf. "THE EFFECT OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL REALISM (AL-MAŻHAB AL-WĀQI’Ī) TOWARD MODERN ARABIC LITERATURE / PENGARUH ALIRAN REALISME (AL-MAŻHAB AL-WĀQI’Ī) BARAT TERHADAP SASTRA ARAB MODERN." Lughawiyah: Journal of Arabic Education and Linguistics 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/lughawiyah.v3i2.4838.

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This study aims to find out the intricacies of philosophical realism (al-Mażhab al-Wāqi’ī) and its influence on modern Arabic literature. It is undeniable that literary genre that grew up in the west have had a great influence on the development of literature in the world, including Arabic. This research was a literature review that used a qualitative descriptive method by examining and reviewing several related literature. The result showed that realism emerged as a response to the romanticism philosophy which tends to the subjectivity of writers and the depiction of objects that are full of imagination. Furthermore, the western realism has also influenced modern Arabic literature, both poetry and prose. Realism made Arabic poets aware that love poems were no longer relevant to the reality of the people who were in the midst of crisis due to colonialism. Writers began to invigorate the principles of statehood, nationality, and humanity. However, the adoption of western realism, in some aspects, is contrary to Islamic values. This philosophy directs literature towards materialism, atheism, fulfillment of physical needs, and so on.

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38

Gaevska, Nadya, and Olena Pylypei. "DMITRY CHYZHEVSKY ON THE FEATURES OF THE REALISM DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINIAN LITERATURE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 31 (2022): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2022.31.02.

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We are talking about the reception of D. Chizhevsky specifics of the development of realism in Ukrainian literature. The work of the scientist "Realism in Ukrainian Literature" (1956) is analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the development of the Ukrainian language, the development of Ukrainian realistic theater and Ukrainian culture in general. Speaking about the development of Ukrainian realistic theater, the researcher notes the significant role of I. Karpenko-Kary, M. Kropyvnytsky, M. Starytsky. At the same time, the development of theatrical business in Western Ukraine of that period is analyzed. The historical context of the appearance of Lesya Ukrainka's dramatic works is traced, as well as certain figures of representatives of realism in Ukrainian literature are outlined. D. Chizhevsky analyzes the work of realist writers, in particular L. Glibov, P. Grabovsky, I. Karpenko-Kary, M. Kropyvnytsky, I. Manzhura, O. Pchilka, S. Rudansky, V. Samylenko, I. Franko, J. Shchogoliv and others. Speaking about the role of Ivan Franko in the formation and development of Ukrainian realistic writing, D. Chizhevsky points out that Kamenyar is not only a practitioner of realism, but also a theorist, as he provided a theoretical justification for realism in his works. The peculiarities of the origin of realism, the sources of its appearance are emphasized, the specifics of the influence of other European literatures on Ukrainian literature are revealed. D. Chizhevsky indicated the principle of selection of material to reflect reality. As the main feature of the romantic style is metaphor, realistic style - metonymy. It is noted that realism was more active mainly in prose forms. Among those who have departed from realism, the researcher names V. Vynnychenko, P. Karmansky, M. Kotsyubynsky, V. Pachovsky, M. Filyansky, M. Chernyavsky, and others

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Scott, Rebekah. "Ambivalent Realism?" Women: A Cultural Review 20, no. 1 (April 2009): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09574040802684939.

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Fisher, Heather. "Young Adult Literature: From Romance to Realism." Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association 66, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24750158.2017.1319015.

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41

Platt, K. "Ecocritical Chicana Literature Ana Castillo's 'Virtual Realism'." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 3, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/3.1.67.

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42

Gajarawala, Toral Jatin. "Realism, Revisited: The Case of Dalit Literature." South Asian Review 32, no. 1 (March 2011): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2011.11932818.

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43

Tandon, Neelam. "The African realism and influence in literature." International Journal of Advanced Academic Studies 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/27068919.2020.v2.i3l.955.

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44

Abdul Aziz, Sohaimi, and Rohaya Md Ali. "Adaptation of Hikayat Hang Tuah in Children's Literature." Malay Literature 25, no. 2 (December 8, 2012): 261–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/ml.25(2)no6.

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Hang Tuah is a character in the epic Hikayat Hang Tuah which has become the pride of Malay Literature. The epic, and especially the protagonist of the epic, Hang Tuah, have been much discussed. This is also the case where children’s literature is concerned, as the Hikayat Hang Tuah has attracted the attention of Malaysian authors to produce adaptations of stories from this epic. The stories linked to the character of Hang Tuah contain many elements of fantasy which makes them suitable for adaptation as children’s literature. Establishing what types of adaptations have been made of these stories forms the core of this study. Also, the acceptance of Hang Tuah as a hero of the Malays has been challenged by movements, especially in social realism. As a result, the character of Hang Jebat has become accepted as a heroic figure instead. However, whether or not social realism has influenced adaptations done for children, and whether there has been a shift in the figure of hero as a result of social realism are still unanswered questions which this study addresses. This study has found that adaptations of stories about Hang Tuah for children are mainly partial adaptations, and that the stories chosen for adaptation are especially those containing strong elements of fantasy. Illustrations are also an element in these partial adaptations. The study has found no trace of the influence of social realism in the adaptations. Hang Tuah is still depicted as a heroic figure while Hang Jebat continues to be depicted as the traitor. Keywords: children’s literature, Hang Tuah, adaptations, social realism, illustrations

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Prytoliuk, Svitlana. "CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE NOTION “MAGICAL REALISM” IN GERMAN LITERATURE." Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, no. 193 (April 2021): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-252-259.

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The article is devoted to the study of magical realism in German literary criticism, the origins of the term and its conceptual principles are considered. The author of the article relies on the research of German scientists, in particular M. Scheffel, D. Kirchner, H. Roland, T.W. Leine, M. Niehaus, J. Schuster and notes the differences and contradictions in the interpretation of the term, the vagueness of the concept and its heterogeneity. It is emphasized that the period of formation of the magic-realistic method of writing in Germany in the historical perspective generally covers the period from 1920 to 1960 and includes the beginning of the era of National Socialism and the Second World War. In German literature, the term was not immediately established, its assertion and dissemination were hampered by several factors: first, its contradiction, because it combines semantically opposite concepts – “realism”, which directly correlates with reality, the true image of reality, and “magical”, based on the supernatural, fantastic, reaching beyond reality; second, the moment of its origin falls on a rather complex and contradictory period of German history, which is reluctantly mentioned or silenced; third, magical realism has sometimes been mistakenly identified with the notion of “Neue Sachlichkeit”. Analysis of all factors shows that the origin and formation of the magic-realistic method in German literature has its own characteristics and uniqueness and differs from the world-famous examples of Latin American or English literature. As a result, the author notes that German magical realism is historically determined and in many of its examples reflects the traumatic postwar experience with a pronounced inrospectivity and humanistic orientation. As an aesthetic concept, magical realism expands the boundaries of realism: by depicting the objective world in its real dimensions, it focuses its gaze on the unreality hidden behind real objects.

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Fadliah, Ine Ratu. "Realism And Islamic Education." Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 2344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i2.4621.

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This study describes realism and Islamic education. The method used in this study uses the library research, that literature or literature study can be interpreted as a series of activities related to library data collection methods, reading and recording and processing research materials. The results of this study indicate that education can be interpreted narrowly, and can also be interpreted broadly. Narrowly education can be interpreted: "guidance given to children until they are adults. While education in a broad sense is everything related to the process of human development and development, namely efforts to develop and instill values for students, so that the values contained in education become part of the child's personality which in turn he becomes a smart person, both , capable of living and useful to society.

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Bryan-Wilson, Julia. "Occupational Realism." TDR/The Drama Review 56, no. 4 (December 2012): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00212.

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Since the 1970s, some artists have self-consciously inhabited their workaday jobs as art; this “occupational realism” invokes questions about the performance of labor and the value of art-making. What does it mean to be (emotionally, physically, mentally) “occupied” by one's work? And what does it mean to “occupy” labor as a strategic artistic operation?

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Hewitt, Simon. "Semantic Realism, Actually." Metaphysica 21, no. 2 (October 25, 2020): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mp-2019-0025.

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AbstractMichael Dummett offered a semantic characterisation of a variety of realism-antirealism debates. This approach has fallen out of fashion. This has been to the detriment of metaphysics. This paper offers an accurate characterisation of Dummett’s view, often lacking in the literature, and then defends it against a range of attacks (from Devitt, Miller and Williamson). This understanding of realism debates is resilient, and if we take it seriously the philosophical terrain looks importantly different. In particular, the philosophy of language has a foundational role with respect to metaphysics.

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Stepanov, Andrei D. "The transitional era in literature and the term realism (1840–1850s)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 19, no. 3 (2022): 497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.306.

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The article describes main milestones of the emergence and approval of the literary term realism. The term was filled with new content in French literature and criticism in the 1840s, and in 1849 first appeared in Russia in the article by Pavel Annenkov. The appearance of the term contributed to the transfer to Russian soil of the entire associative halo of the Realistic school, as it was understood in France at that time. The study of lagging autoreflection allows one to put forward the thesis about the atheoretical nature of realism. The means of realistic self-knowledge were not treatises, but critical articles on modern literature, where the concept of realism served as a means of journalistic polemics. The writers ranked among the great realists today did not classify themselves as such. Realists were considered anti-romantic-minded authors of low origin (raznochintsy), depicting familiar details of low reality. Subsequently, the fundamental thesis of the social determination of characters and artistic typification as asign of realistic art, which was subsequently consolidated, remained peripheral to the autoreflection of realism at the first stage of its development. All this determines the complexity of the conceptualization of this literary trend. In Russia the situation is more complicated because of the still-persisting influence of Soviet literary criticism, which sought to extend the unhistorically understood realism to the entire history of literature and turn it into a telos of literary development. Overcoming this approach and returning to the historical comprehension of realism is one of the urgent tasks of the history of literature.

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Potolsky, Matthew. "Decadence and Realism." Victorian Literature and Culture 49, no. 4 (2021): 563–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150320000248.

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This essay proposes a new understanding of the widely recognized disdain for realism and the realist novel among decadent writers, a disdain most critics have interpreted as a protomodernist celebration of artifice. Focusing on Oscar Wilde's dialogue “The Decay of Lying,” the essay argues instead that decadent antirealism is antimodern, embodying a repudiation of contemporary society. Decadent writers regard realism not as hidebound and traditional, as twentieth-century theorists would have it, but as terrifyingly modern. Wilde looks back to neoclassical theories of mimesis and classical Republican political theory to imagine a different, older world, one in which art improves upon brute reality and in which the artist stands apart from the social forces that realist novels make central to their literary universes.

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