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Academic literature on the topic 'Socialisme et éducation – France – 1870-1914'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Socialisme et éducation – France – 1870-1914"
Fabre, Mélanie. "La craie, la plume et la tribune : trajectoires d'intellectuelles engagées pour l'école laïque (France, années 1880-1914)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EHES0106.
Full textWork under the supervision of Vincent Duclert and Rebecca Rogers. This work is at the crossroads between intellectual history, history of education and women’s and gender history. Its goal is to analyse the course of life of around ten female public intellectuals as well as their commitment on behalf of secular [laïque] instruction. This work studies the period between the enactment of the school laws [lois scolaires] in the 1880s and the First World War, when the debates around secular school reach their peak in France. The goal is to analyse how several women become considered as public intellectuals. To do so, it is required to analyse how they get access to learned culture and to study the way they use their educational capital and their professional experience in the field of instruction to express a personal critical opinion in the public sphere. This study will analyse their contribution to the debates when secular instruction is a very controversial matter in a context of competition between secular school and Catholic school. The Dreyfus Affair plays a role in the commitments of these female public intellectuals because it questions the purposes of secular instruction and popular education and contributes to the rebuilding of the republican political culture. In the same way, the feminist thrust which appears at the end of the xixth and the beginning of the xxth century encourages these female intellectuals to question the scholastic institution. This work follows in the footsteps of several women, who were left in the shadow by historians, but who committed themselves in their job as teachers, as well as by taking up a pen to express their viewpoints on controversial matters and, sometimes, by coming to the tribune
Brémand, Nathalie. "Les socialistes et l’enfance au XIXe siècle (1830-1870)." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040163.
Full textDuring the period 1830-1870, French socialists represented children as innocent and pure beings who were victims of the society of that era. Children were for them a source of immense hope, since they were seen as the emerging generation that would transform society. The socialists’ conception of the ideal society attributed a special status to childhood. They saw it as a period that was divided into a number of specific age groups, and they accorded children an individualized place in both private and public space. They advocated, and indeed deemed indispensable, the protection of children by the community, and they supported the founding of new institutions designed for juveniles. They redefined the child’s place in society, re-examining educational relationships, reallocating roles within the family, and in some cases placing children on equal terms with adults. In the experiments they carried out – colonies, communities, associations – the children’s moral education was a priority, since youth was expected to play a fundamental role in social change. In most cases, children were separated from their parents, trained to assimilate the values embodied in the new forms of social organization, and expected to transmit them later to the adults. By disseminating their ideas and applying them through social experiments, “utopian” socialists played a part in the change in attitudes towards children that was exhibited throughout the nineteenth century. To a certain extent they contributed to the evolution toward a modern conception of the child’s status in society
Thivend, Marianne. "L'école et la ville : Lyon, 1870-1914." Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO20092.
Full textThis thesis examines connections between the transformation of schools and the surrounding urban environment from 1870 to 1914. In the context of a large city, such as lyons, which undergoes important demographic, economic, social and urban changes in the late nineteenth century, the public school, reorganized by the ferry's laws in the 1880s, must meet new challenges. This study analyzes the processes of construction and of integration of schools into particular neighborhoods within the city. The study begins by focusing on the types and provisions of schools - the supply side. The educational policies of the republican municipal government concentrated on improving the school system: for example, building specific types of schools ("groupe scholaire"), increasing the number of classrooms and teachers, enhancing teachers' skills, reinforcing early educational networks ("nursery school", "elementary school" and "ecole primaire superieure"). Did these policies meet the changing needs of their constituents ? in other words, did policies regarding schooling respond adequately to transformations in the urban environment, precede them or simply adapt as best they could ? secondly, the day-to-day activities of the school and of those who demand its services are investigated. To understand how the school is integrated in urban life, this study traces the experiences and expectations of those who give life to the institution : pupils, families and teachers. Whether in working class neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city or in more centrally-located middle-class districts, the attitudes and behaviors of families towards schools vary widely. Teachers also confront different challenges when faced with students of particular academis skills and social characteristics. An analysis of the social composition of student populations at several schools, as well as of the itineraries of teachers and students within the school system, provides for an understanding of how "reputations" are built
Vial, Monique. "Les origines de l'enseignement spécial en France : histoire et enjeux d'une loi scolaire, les racines de la psychologie à l'école (1882-1909)." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H055.
Full textFrom sources of the time (educational reviews and congresses, litterature on abnormal children, parlementary documents, records), the thesis examines the validity of traditionally recognized historical constructions, and critical theories of the left, after 1968. It shows : 1) that the creation of special classes in 1909, and the elaboration of the notion of "debilite mentale" by Binet and Simon do not come from a request of the school, related to the compulsory education; 2) that the conflicts observed at that time, concerning abnormal children cannot be reduced to a simple rivality between physicians and psychologists or psychopedagogues; 3) that the creation of special classes is a multiple and contradictory project, which cannot be interpreted in a simple socio-political way. These questions are studied by the author as a special education specialist and in the light of her marxist ideology. Her results tend to show that a new critical approach is possible, based on the analysis of Binet and Simon's researches, and on a confrontation between the notion of "debilite mentale" and the actual treatment of school problems. The thesis concluded with a question about the way history of special education has been written. In particular, it tries to show h ow it is possible that, in France as well as in others countries, the historical models elaborated during more than half a century appear not to coincide with the data collected
Orizet, Hélène. "Le service public de l'éducation nationale sous la troisième République." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3024.
Full textObservers of the French national education system could come to just one conclusion: it is a public service. However, its composite elements have never come under review. This study aims to do just that, by exploring its history and foundations. Our journey takes us back to the Third Republic, when the French national public education system was the subject of a political speech for the very first time. It was given by the Republicans, who wanted to show their audience that national education really did exist as a public service, while legal experts confirmed its existence without offering proof. It would appear, however, that the national public education system existed only through political and legal declarations, by which the authorities set out to create it, if only from an intellectual perspective. For its designers, the most important element was to make the beneficial, and therefore democratic, actions of the government tangible. And yet such an understanding is based on historical falsehoods. The positioning of the national education system as a public service conceals the administrative reality of the State as educator. This is because it was necessary to hide the social order production mechanisms, as well as power, in order to ensure a long life for the Republic. The discourse of the national public education service also legitimizes the right by which the administration of public Instruction is preserved. That means declaring the acquired fiduciary value of a reputed public service, as much as expressing the close relationship between ideology and the law
Lelièvre, Claude. "Développement et fonctionnement des enseignements post-élémentaires dans la Somme de 1850 à 1914 : mise à l'épreuve des théories relatives aux appareils idéologiques d'État." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H021.
Full textDéloye, Yves. "La citoyenneté au miroir de l'école républicaine et de ses contestations : Politique et religion en France XIX-XX siècle." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010298.
Full textApproaching citizenship from a sociological angle, the thesis sets about to realize the invention of this form of division of the political work, of its form of existence, and of the resistance it has historically met in france from 1880 to 1914. The analysis of the content in moral and civic instruction manuels in usage in the public and private schools prove the existence of two antagonistic representations of citizenship. Very cleary differentiated from the catholic culture which was dominent up to this date, the republican citizenship rests on an optimistic and rational conception of man which autorizes him to regulate, in an autonomous fashion, his passions. This moral autonomy permits the national identity to be diffrenciated from the catholic referent, in which is was traditionally mixed. Not subscriving to the principal of political autonomy, the church and the principal representatives of the catholic elite will refuse to adhere to this novice conception of a social and political link. They will contest the division operated by citizenzhip between the social man, engaged in life, the citizen belonging to the national community and the christian living his faith in the hope of salvation. Civicism and catholicism remains therefore inextricably linked. This refutation of the whole moral economy diffused by the public primary school teachers rests on a pessimistic conception of man. As a result of nature, man is only able to be moral when he is constrained by a metasocial power. God. The moral logic of salvation which forbids the emancipation of the citizen from the religions community which continues to form the basis for thre civic connection
Mercier, Delphine. "L'Inspection primaire, l'enseignement de l'histoire et de l'instruction morale et civique : 1880-1914." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040207.
Full textGoergen, Marie-Louise. "Les relations entre socialistes allemands et français à l'époque de la Deuxième Internationale : 1889-1914." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081415.
Full textThis thesis is based on the crossing of three complementary approaches : first the analysis of the men and the network German and French socialists are settling at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, then the places where they meet, finally their debates and actions. At first going through letters and review-articles, it deals with the relationships between individuals before focusing on those which exist between the parties. Two generations of militants -each dealt in a long biographical chapter - dominate the relationship between the socialists of the two countries at different moments of their common history : the first chapter deals with the "old fighters" as Wilhelm Liebknecht and Paul Lafargue, present in the struggles of the 19th century (commune de Paris, fight against the anti-socialist laws of Bismarck, and so on). A new generation of socialists (Jaures, Karl Kautsky and others) appears in the early years of the century, in France because of the divisions caused by the Dreyfus affair, in German because of the surge of contestation due to the revisionism of Eduard Bernstein. As a result the guesdism - allied of the German social-democrats- declines in France and criticism grows about the hegemonic position of the Germans inside the European socialism. Beside the analysis of the meeting places and of the men who meet in these places, three long parts concern the events and actions which determine their relationship. A very clear decrease of contacts between German and French socialists during the last years before the war can be notice through this triple approach, which can be explained by a growing indifference towards the others, as well as a concentration on domestic affairs and a growing identification, for some of them at least, with the interests of the nation. This long-term analysis contributes to a better understanding of the reasons for the socialists to rally the national defense in august 1914
Quincy-Lefebvre, Pascale. "De l'enfance insoumise a l'enfance difficile : regards et pratiques correctives des parents : entre familles et institutions dans les milieux populaires des villes (1880-fin des annees trente)." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070099.
Full textThe judgement on deviancy, when indicting a child's behvior, may be established by different kinds of institutions. Aside from the representations of the judges, the doctors, the philantropists, the school teachers. . . , there are those of the families through the portraits of "refractory" or more widely "difficult"children. On the subject of "families", "institutions and difficult child", two main directions were favored. First, this study took an interest in the representations of the "difficult child" through the discourse given by the "entrepreneurs of moral standards" and by the families. Those approaches reveal the weight of some interactions. The definitions given by the parents show the importance of permanencies. Nevertheless, some evolution may be noticed, going progressively in the direction of the broadening of the deviancy figures retained by the parents. Stigmatization of the bad pupil's behavior is one the forms taken by this broadening. Secondly, the research focused on the family's reactions to the presence of the problematic child. The private means of correction and the strategies of opening on to other institutions were studied. The period chosen shows the external authorities being less willing to justify the families' represessive quest. The logic of assistance is the one prevailing, being sought by some parents