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1
Baeva, Iskra V. "Political Censorship in Post-Socialist Bulgaria." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 15, no. 1-2 (2020): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2020.15.1-2.09.
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This article presents how the political changes in Bulgaria after 1989 have infl uenced the interpretation of 20th century history. The emergence of the new censorship is traced through the introduction of a new canon for presenting the past. Three decades ago, Bulgaria began its transition from Soviet-type state socialism to political democracy. For historians, this meant removing political and ideological censorship. Initially, this freedom gave historians the chance to upgrade historical knowledge with hidden facts that were inconvenient for the BCP government. Soon, however, new political parties came to power and began to impose their political version of history. This meant re- moving facts related to the history of the communist movement and anti-fascism in Bulgaria. The attempts at rewriting history are especially visible in the presentation of the socialist period. The political intervention began with the renaming of streets, towns, and institutions. Names associated with the anti-fascist resistance and Russian and Soviet history were removed. Instead, names from the time when Bulgaria was part of the Tripartite Pact were restored. The modern political censorship is most evident in the rewriting of history textbooks. The new curricula introduced a mandatory positive presentation of the history of the Third Bulgarian Kingdom. The actions of the Communists had to be presented as terrorist, and the entire post-war government was defi ned as totalitarian. Instead of socialism, we should use the term “communism”. In 2019, when approving the new history textbooks for high schools, right-wing non-governmental organizations intervened and, as a result, facts about the socio-economic development of the country in the socialist period were removed.
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Putyatina, Irina S. "Todorova M. The Lost World of Socialists at Europe’s Margins: Imagining Utopia, 1870s – 1920s. London; New York: Bloomsbury, 2020. 384 p. ISBN 978-1-3501-5033-1." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 16, no. 3-4 (2021): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2021.16.3-4.13.
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This monograph by Maria Todorova discusses the establishment and mutual acceptance of the international socialist movement in Bulgarian social democracy. The main features of the socialist movement in Bulgaria are highlighted and the penetration of socialist ideas into the socio-political environment of the country is presented. The attitude of the Bulgarian socialists to the national question and the issues of war and peace during the Balkan Wars and the First World War are considered. Bulgarian socialists are presented as consistent internationalists and pacifists who did not change their positions even under the influence of the outbreak of the First World War. The problem of the imitativeness of Bulgarian socialism is analyzed as an integral part of the issue of Russian or Western European influence upon Bulgaria. Despite the fact that Todorova does not deny the prevalence and cultural influence of the ideas of Russian populism in Bulgaria, she comes to the conclusion that both Western European and national historiography tend to exaggerate the Russian influence on the formation of the Bulgarian socialist tradition. Features of the two political generations identified by Todorova that operated in Bulgaria during the period under consideration are presented and the typical places of education of Bulgarian socialists are revealed. Analyzing a large volume of historical sources, the author uses the biographical method to acquaint readers with numerous socialists forgotten or bypassed by the national communist historiography. Considering the individual experience of socialists, Todorova demonstrates the various paths that led people to this political camp. Attention is paid to the women's socialist movement in Bulgaria and the history of women's participation in the social and political life of the country.
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Trendafilov, Vladimir. "The Formation of Bulgarian Countercultures: Rock Music, Socialism, and After." East Central Europe 38, no. 2-3 (2011): 238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633011x597234.
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AbstractThe article traces the evolution of musical counterculture in Bulgaria from the 1960s down to the present time. A special attention is given to its burgeoning during socialism—the creation of the early rock groups, the difficulties they met on their way to achieving popularity and style, and their uneven struggle with the various censorship strictures. The significant details and stages of this process are viewed against the background of emergent socialist consumer culture, a dubious product of the interplay between the totalitarian system and the cultural impact of the West. And, last but not least, the development of present-day trends and tastes in Bulgarian popular music is interpreted as a basic transformation of the forces that constitute the field of conflict between counterculture and the mainstream.
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Luleva, Ana. "The Bulgarian International Tourism in Late Socialism – between the Class-party Ideology and the Economic Interest." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.13.
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After the 1960s the international tourism was developed as an important economic branch of Eastern European countries and space where the economic interests, ideol-ogy, consumption, and social policies were entangled. In this study, I will undertake a historic-anthropological analysis of international tourism in Bulgaria in the time of late socialism, which is based on a case study of Borovetz, the biggest Bulgarian mountain resort during socialism. The research question addressed are: how the re-gime was trying to establish legitimacy through tourism – among Bulgarian citizens and internationally, which is the role of the ideological confrontation with the West in the period of the Cold War and which are the leading strategies in the management and the work culture in the branch of international tourism at that time.
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Zwahr, Hartmut, Donah Geyer, and Marcel van der Linden. "Class Formation and the Labor Movement as the Subject of Dialectic Social History." International Review of Social History 38, S1 (April 1993): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000112313.
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As an introduction to this essay, three points need to be made. First, the European labor movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, on which we focus here, were part of bourgeois society. Secondly, they were a factor that challenged bourgeois society and thus contributed in several different ways to its change. Thirdly, as a result of this interaction, the labor movements themselves underwent changes. All of those were lasting changes. The systemic changes, imposed by revolutionary or military force, that accompanied the experiment in socialism, were not. In countries where the labor movement pursued socialist aims prior to the First World War on the crumbling foundations of a primarily pre-bourgeois society, such as in eastern and south-eastern Europe, it was the most radical force behind political democratization and modernization (Russia; Russian Poland: the Kingdom of Poland, Bulgaria). But it could not compensate for the society's evident lack of basic civic development, whereas the socialist experiment in Soviet Russia led not only to the demise of democratization but also to a halt of embourgeoisement.
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Polynov, Matvey. "Implementation of Brezhnev’s and Gorbachev’s Doctrines towards Countries of Eastern Europe." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 3 (2022): 772–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.306.
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The article analyzes two concepts of the USSR’s policy towards its allies in Eastern Europe — “Brezhnev doctrine” and “Gorbachev doctrine”. Relying on declassified documents of the Politburo, the author shows that these “doctrines” were direct opposites, and their implementation led to different consequences. The justification of the right to intervene for the sake of saving socialism was substantiated in 1968, but the origin dates to the end of the Second World War. The USSR and other countries of the Warsaw Pact — Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, the GDR — tried to find a compromise solution to overcome the situation in Czechoslovakia and avoided deploying troops, but the Czechoslovak leadership didn’t comply with the accepted joint agreements. Documents demonstrate that the main motive for the intervention was the desire to save socialism and Czechoslovakia as part of the Warsaw Pact. Thus, there was an attempt at prevention of redressing of balance of power in favor of NATO on the European
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Azmanova-Rudarska, Elena. "The Cult of Cyril and Methodius during Socialism. Ewelina Drzewiecka’s Research on Anniversaries and the Manipulations of Ideological Texts." Balkanistic Forum 31, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i2.22.
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This article is a review of the study entitled Юбилейно и модерно. Кирило-методиеският разказ през социализма в България [Jubilee and modern. The Cyril-lo-Methodian narrative during socialism in Bulgaria], authored by Ewelina Drzewiecka (София: БАН, Кирило-Методиевски научен център, Кирило-Методиевски студии, 29, pp. 232).
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Bucur, Maria. "Women and state socialism: failed promises and radical changes revisited." Nationalities Papers 44, no. 5 (September 2016): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2016.1169263.
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Imagine all history written as if all people, even women, mattered. Until a couple of decades ago, that was at most an aspiration for those of us working on East European history. Since then, however, and especially with the fall of Communism, feminist scholars have made significant inroads toward achieving this goal. This review essay reflects on the contributions made by five such studies that focus on different aspects of women's lives under state socialism in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic (GDR), Poland, and Romania. In one way or another, each author asks similar questions about the relationship between the Communist ideological emphasis on gender equality as a core moral value, on the one hand, and the policies and actions of these regimes with regard to women, on the other hand. Moreover, all studies focus on how women themselves participated in articulating, reacting to, and in some cases successfully challenging these policies. In short, they present us with excellent examples of how pertinent gender analysis is for understanding the most essential aspects of the history of Communism in Eastern Europe: how this authoritarian regime transformed individual identity and social relations.
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Neuburger, Mary. "Kebabche, Caviar or Hot Dogs? Consuming the Cold War at the Plovdiv Fair 1947–72." Journal of Contemporary History 47, no. 1 (January 2012): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009411422368.
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For the duration of the Cold War, hundreds of thousands of people descended on Plovdiv, Bulgaria for at least two weeks out of every year as spectators and consumers. During these weeks the Plovdiv International Fair grounds were like a portal through which the Iron Curtain was permeated and East-West interaction and exchange took place. The fair offered an array of images and goods that broadcast messages of power and plenty from a variety of states, most notably Soviet but also American. Bulgarian socialism, however, was really the main thing on display, and for all its failings it didn’t fail to impress domestic and international visitors on and off the fair grounds. While much remains to be studied about how visitors experienced the various exhibits at the fair, the trials and achievements of the annual Plovdiv International Fair readily illustrate how central spectacles of plenty and consumption were to East-West engagement.
10
Goncharova, Galina. "The Secret Life of Books and Generations: Generational Dynamics of Reading in Bulgaria under Post-Socialism." Balkanistic Forum 31, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i2.20.
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The paper will examine the intra- and intergenerational dynamics of reading practices in сcontemporary Bulgaria. It is based on anthropological observations and analyses made by students in the cultural studies, who have asked to observe and discuss in exam papers the reading habits of parents and peers. Their own attitudes towards reading intersect, challenge or correspond with those of the respondents, outlining a highly fragmented field of “the love of books”, which gives visibility to a strong normative model, under which heterogeneous objects of analyitcal interest flourish – hidden desires, unusual uses of books, escapist routes, internalized ideologies, etc., All of these are seen as both sustained by and in themselves sustaining the special cultural and generational dynamics of post-socialism.
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Katunin, D. A. "Language in Bulgarian Legislation." Rusin, no. 62 (2020): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/62/11.
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The article aims to analyse Bulgaria’s provisions of the laws and international treaties that regulate the use and functioning of languages in the country since the restoration of the Bulgarian statehood at the end of the 19th century to the present day (that is, monarchical, socialist and modern periods). The evolution of this aspect of the Bulgarian national law is analysed depending on the form of government in the particular era of the state’s existence. The article examines Bulgaria’s relations with neighboring Balkan countries throughout their development, including numerous wars, which were primarily based on attempts to solve ethnic problems. Based on the results of the censuses of the population of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia, data are provided on the dynamics of the absolute and relative number of Bulgarians and major national minorities and on the number of those who indicated their native languages. The significance of the study is due to the fact that the Balkan Peninsula, although being on the periphery of current processes in the modern geopolitical paradigm, not being their actor and being divided into a dozen states, still played and is playing one of the leading roles in the European and world histories. The study of language legislation, as one of the key elements of language policy, makes it possible to identify a variety of aspects of interethnic relations both in the historical, retrospective and long-term perspective. In addition, the study of this issue may be in demand when considering interethnic conflict situations in other problem areas. The article concludes that the language legislation of Bulgaria is characterized by significant minimalism in comparison with similar aspects of law in many European countries, and the linguistic rights of national minorities in Bulgaria are minimally reflected in the considered laws of the state.
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Bucur, Maria, Alexandra Ghit, Ayşe Durakbaşa, Ivana Pantelić, Rochelle Goldberg Ruthchild, Elizabeth A. Wood, Anna Müller, et al. "Book Reviews." Aspasia 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 160–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/asp.2020.140113.
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Cristina A. Bejan, Intellectuals and Fascism in Interwar Romania: The Criterion Association, Cham, Switzer land: Palgrave, 2019, 323 pp., €74.89 (hardback), ISBN 978-3-030-20164-7.Chiara Bonfiglioli, Women and Industry in the Balkans: The Rise and Fall of the Yugoslav Textile Sector, London: I. B. Tauris, 2020, 232 pp., £85 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-78533-598-3.Aslı Davaz, Eşitsiz kız kardeşlik, uluslararası ve Ortadoğu kadın hareketleri, 1935 Kongresi ve Türk Kadın Birliği (Unequal sisterhood, international and Middle Eastern women’s movements, 1935 Congress and the Turkish Women’s Union), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası, 2014, 892 pp., with an introduction by Yıldız Ecevit, pp. xxi–xxviii; preface by the author, pp. xxix–xlix, TL 42 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-605-332-296-2.Biljana Dojčinović and Ana Kolarić, eds., Feministički časopisi u Srbiji: Teorija, aktivizam i umetničke prakse u 1990-im i 2000-im (Feminist periodicals in Serbia: Theory, activism, and artistic practice in the 1990s and 2000s), Belgrade: Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade, 2018, 370 pp., price not listed (paperback), ISBN: 978-86-6153-515-4.Melanie Ilic, ed., The Palgrave Handbook of Women and Gender in Twentieth-Century Russia and the Soviet Union, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, 572 pp., $239 (e-book) ISBN: 978-1-137-54904-4; ISBN: 978-1-137-54905-1.Luciana M. Jinga, ed., The Other Half of Communism: Women’s Outlook, in History of Communism in Europe, vol. 8, Bucharest: Zeta Books, 2018, 348 pp., USD 40 (paperback), ISBN: 978-606-697-070-9.Teresa Kulawik and Zhanna Kravchenko, eds., Borderlands in European Gender Studies: Beyond the East-West Frontier, New York: Routledge, 2020, 264 pp., $140.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-0-367-25896-2.Jill Massino, Ambiguous Transitions: Gender, the State, and Everyday Life in Socialist and Postsocialist Romania, New York: Berghahn Books, 2019, 466 pp., USD 122 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-785-33598-3.Gergana Mircheva, (A)normalnost i dostap do publichnostta: Socialnoinstitucionalni prostranstva na biomedicinskite discursi v Bulgaria (1878–1939) ([Ab]normality and access to publicity: Social-institutional spaces of biomedicine discourses in Bulgaria [1878–1939]), Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 2018, 487 pp., BGN 16 (paperback), ISBN: 978-954-07-4474-2.Milutin A. Popović, Zatvorenice, album ženskog odeljenja Požarevačkog kaznenog zavoda sa statistikom (1898) (Prisoners, the album of the women’s section of Požarevac penitentiary with statistics, 1898), edited by Svetlana Tomić, Belgrade: Laguna , 2017, 333 pp., RSD 894 (paperback), ISBN: 978-86-521-2798-6.Irena Protassewicz, A Polish Woman’s Experience in World War II: Conflict, Deportation and Exile, edited by Hubert Zawadzki, with Meg Knott, translated by Hubert Zawadzki, London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019, xxv pp. + 257 pp., £73.38 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-3500-7992-2.Zilka Spahić Šiljak, ed., Bosanski labirint: Kultura, rod i liderstvo (Bosnian labyrinth: Culture, gender, and leadership), Sarajevo and Zagreb: TPO Fondacija and Buybook, 2019, xii + 213 pp., no price listed (paperback), ISBN: 978-9926-422-16-5.Gonda Van Steen, Adoption, Memory and Cold War Greece: Kid pro quo?, University of Michigan Press, 2019, 350 pp., $85.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-0-472-13158-7.D imitra Vassiliadou, Ston tropiko tis grafi s: Oikogeneiakoi desmoi kai synaisthimata stin astiki Ellada (1850–1930) (The tropic of writing: Family ties and emotions in modern Greece [1850–1930]), Athens: Gutenberg, 2018, 291 pp., 16.00 € (paperback), ISBN: 978-960-01-1940-4.Radina Vučetić, Coca-Cola Socialism: Americanization of Yugoslav Culture in the Sixties, English translation by John K. Cox, Budapest: Central European University Press, 2018, 334 pp., €58.00 (paperback), ISBN: 978-963-386-200-1.Nancy M. Wingfield, The World of Prostitution in Late Imperial Austria, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017, xvi + 272 pp., $80 (hardback), ISBN: 978-0-19880-165-8.Anastasia Lakhtikova, Angela Brintlinger, and Irina Glushchenko, eds., Seasoned Socialism: Gender and Food in Late Soviet Everyday Life, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2019, xix + 373 pp., $68.41(hardback), ISBN: 978-0-253-04095-4.
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Enchev, Yavor, and Tihomir Eftimov. "Bulgarian military neurosurgery: from Warsaw Pact to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization." Neurosurgical Focus 28, no. 5 (May 2010): E15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.3.focus109.
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After 45 years as a closest ally of the Soviet Union in the Warsaw Pact, founded mainly against the US and the Western Europe countries, and 15 years of democratic changes, since 2004 Bulgaria has been a full member of NATO and an equal and trusted partner of its former enemies. The unprecedented transformation has affected all aspects of the Bulgarian society. As a function of the Bulgarian Armed Forces, Bulgarian military medicine and in particular Bulgarian military neurosurgery is indivisibly connected with their development. The history of Bulgarian military neurosurgery is the history of the transition from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics military system and military medicine to NATO standards in every aspect. The career of the military neurosurgeon in Bulgaria is in many ways similar to that of the civilian neurosurgeon, but there are also many peculiarities. The purpose of this study was to outline the background and the history of Bulgarian military neurosurgery as well as its future trends in the conditions of world globalization.
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Petrov, Victor. "The Rose and the Lotus: Bulgarian Electronic Entanglements in India, 1967–89." Journal of Contemporary History 54, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 666–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009418773475.
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This article examines Bulgaria's electronic trade with India between 1967 and 1990. The developing world became a formative learning experience for the computer industry, as it came up against both a highly protectionist state trying to foster its own industry, and competition from Western companies playing to different rules than COMECON rivals. In order to gain a place in this lucrative market, Bulgarian computer enterprises developed their technical services, advertising and negotiating capacities, learning how to be capitalists in a socialist world. This ‘learning through competition and copying’ was a feedback channel that changed the way that the company operated in other parts of the world, diversifying its marketing and user services within the socialist world too, standing out from the other socialist industries. As such, this global operation was a formative experience for many executives and technicians, making them a group that was plugged into international expertise networks. Thus the computer became a channel for being part of the emerging information economy, and the Global South became a place to meet the First World without restriction. The article thus shows India's importance to Bulgaria as a space to learn from and profit in, rather than an object of socialist development.
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Kassabova, Anelia. "The Bulgarian Socialist Reproductive Policies – Structures, Persons, Strategies." Balkanistic Forum 32, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i1.9.
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The paper sets out to explore the contradictory Bulgarian socialist reproductive policies, the inequalities (gender, ethnic and religious, in terms on capacity to work and productivity), that lay behind the frame of a needs-based health system. It is based on the example of a key figure of Bulgarian socialist political life and health system – Dr Vladimir Kalaydzhiev (1921-2009). Dr Kalaydhziev’s rich activity in leading positions allows deeper insights into the Bulgarian public health administration, the changing processes of policy making, decision taking and hierarchies in the Bulgarian Communist Party. As a high-ranking party and state official, Kalaydzhiev had close contacts within the Soviet bloc, and extensive cooperation with the international organizations in which Bulgaria was represented, such as the World Health Organization, the United Nations Population Fund, and various institutions from Western Europe and the then so-called "Third World". This provides an opportunity to discuss Bulgarian reproductive policies as part of global policies.
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Georgiev, Mincho, and Anelia Kassabova. "Dr Vladimir Kalaydzhiev or the Embodiment of Modernity." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i3.6.
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The text attempts an experimental “double reading” of a significant figure in the history of Bulgarian health care – Dr. Vladimir Kalaydzhiev, initiator and organiser of a large-scale public health care reform in Bulgaria in the 1960s. The authors' different approaches make it possible, on the one hand, to interpret the specifics of the health reform and the reasons for its (partial) repeal in the context of synchronous developments in Europe and controversial, on the other hand, to contraversially offer a diachronic analysis with basic characteristics of the "Catholic West" and the "Orthodox socialist East".
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Martonova, Andronika. "Your Communism Is Not Ours Communism’: the Contexts of Post-Totalitarian Bulgarian Cinema and Mina Mileva, Vesela Kazakova’s Disobedient Films." Balkanistic Forum 28, no. 3 (November 16, 2019): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v28i3.13.
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The study sketches out the contexts where Bulgarian film has been developing in the three decades of transition to democracy. The problems associated with the identity crisis, insufficient communication with the national audiences, Bulgarian films’ belonging to the European audiovisual and cultural continuum and critical reflection are partly broached. The cinematic environment has changed in Bulgaria after 2010 with the coming of emerging authors, who gave this country’s filmmaking a new physiognomy. Their works are much more adequate to the globalising world, providing genre diversity and dealing with subjects easier for the audiences to identity themselves with. The plots revolving around the present day and the ramifications of the socialist era prevail. In general, Bulgarian films of the recent decade are in visible demand at international film festivals, attracting the attention of foreign film critics. Awards, however, are not necessarily passports for good reception in the homeland`s milieu. Such is the case with Mina Mileva, Vesela Kazakova’s directorial duo (Actvist 38) and their two controversially documentary films Uncle Tony, Three Fools and the Secret Service (2013) and The Beast Is Still Alive (2016). An analysis of their works shows that reverting to the subject of totalitarianism and the attempt at reaching a consensus-based memory onscreen are still risky in Bulgaria’s cultural environment. Their new full-length future film – the emigrant social comedy-drama Cat in the Wall (2019, warmly accepted and awarded abroad) - surprisingly received the national Golden Rose Debut Award 2019, but the Bulgarian critics` stays still undeservedly reserved.
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Tocheva, Detelina. "“This Is Our Professional Feast”." Common Knowledge 26, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-8188880.
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An annual celebration called the Day of the Driver, held in the vicinity of a chapel in the central southern part of the Rhodope Mountains of Bulgaria, is a professional as well as Orthodox Christian feast in which Bulgarian Sunni Muslims have participated at least since the fall of the communist regime in 1989. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this article shows that the protracted workings of the socialist elevation of work identity are expressed in this ritual that has developed under the auspices of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, while at the most conspicuous level, Bulgarian Orthodoxy is strongly associated with anti-Ottoman and anti-Muslim nationalism. The celebration of work in Orthodox ritual life has a long history in the presocialist and earlier periods, but the contemporary interfaith participation is motivated by the desire of the local transportation companies to assert their professional identity in the context of an ongoing economic decline. Although invisible from the outside, exopraxis is nonetheless intrinsic to the event.
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Davidova, Evguenia. "Post-1989 shopping tourism to Turkey as prologue to Bulgaria's “return to Europe”." New Perspectives on Turkey 43 (2010): 135–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600005793.
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AbstractThe shift to a market economy is a more complex story than the standard “transition” narrative implies. Shopping tourism is a socio-cultural phenomenon that illuminates the shifting relationship between the state, its citizenry, and the market. Its existence is predetermined by a weak state and incorporation into a global economy. Shopping tourism offers a link between the socialist economy of shortage and the post-socialist informal economy. It has opened a survival niche for the unemployed and constitutes a school of entrepreneurship and consumer practices. The discourses surrounding shopping tourism have reflected anxieties about incorporation, social reordering, and blatant consumerism; recreational tourism mirrors their normalization. The Bulgarian suitcase trade to Turkey also elucidates the interplay between new consumerism and old nationalism and their insertion into the debates about Bulgaria's ideological reorientation. Bulgarian Europeanness in the 1990s was constructed against two principal foils—the socialist past and the Ottoman legacy. Ironically, the stereotypical East was constructed as the stereotypical West in a way in which market and ideological categories intermingle and foreshadow a Bulgarian consumerist “Return to Europe.” To elaborate these arguments, the article draws on an analysis of newspaper ads, statistical data, travel guides, internet travelogues, and interviews.
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Troeva, Evgenia. "Eschatological Notions in Post-Socialist Bulgaria." Yearbook of Balkan and Baltic Studies 5 (December 2022): 112–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ybbs5.05.
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The text presents the most popular ideas about the end of the world that spread in Bulgaria in the post-socialist period. In the years of transition after 1989, social and political changes, as well as an economic crisis, favoured apocalyptic expectations. In contrast to the past, when the religious explanation of the world’s end dominated, in contemporary times the apocalypse is more frequently related to cosmic and natural disasters or to the negative effects of human activity. A characteristic view of the end of the world is imagining it as a new beginning. In the present, there is also a transformation in the mechanism for shaping ideas about the end of the world. Modernization, globalization, and new technologies are changing both people’s daily lives and their ideas about the fate of the human world. After the boom of apocalyptic expectations in Bulgarian society at the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, in recent years we have seen a rationalization of the eschatological notions and their close connection with ecological and political arguments.
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Neuburger, Mary. "Drinking to the Future: Wine in Communist Bulgaria." Contemporary European History 29, no. 4 (November 2020): 416–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777320000363.
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This article explores wine production, consumption and trade in the context of late socialist Bulgaria and the wider Eastern Bloc. In particular, it connects wine to the process of building legitimacy in Bulgaria, as part of post-Stalinist culture of consumer abundance and even connoisseurship that was steeped in nationalist narratives and meanings, as well as utopian visions of the future. To complicate such narratives, it also delves into the contradictory ways in which late-socialist anti-alcohol narratives and campaigns similarly looked to local, if not national, precursors to ground their counter model of a sober socialist present and communist future.
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Ganev, Venelin I. "History, Politics, and the Constitution: Ethnic Conflict and Constitutional Adjudication in Postcommunist Bulgaria." Slavic Review 63, no. 1 (2004): 66–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1520270.
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Infamously, the 1991 Bulgarian Constitution contains a provision banning political parties “formed on an ethnic basis.” In the early 1990s, the neo-communist Bulgarian Socialist Party invoked this provision when it asked the country's Constitutional Court to declare unconstitutional the political party of the beleaguered Turkish minority. In this article, Venelin I. Ganev analyzes the conflicting arguments presented in the course of the constitutional trial that ensued and shows how the justices’ anxieties about the possible effects of politicized ethnicity were interwoven into broader debates about the scope of the constitutional normative shift that marked the end of the communist era, about the relevance of historical memory to constitutional reasoning, and about the nature of democratic politics in a multiethnic society. Ganev also argues that the constitutional interpretation articulated by the Court has become an essential component of Bulgaria's emerging political order. More broadly, he illuminates the complexity of some of the major issues that frame the study of ethnopolitics in postcommunist eastern Europe: the varied dimensions of the “politics of remembrance“; the ambiguities of transitional justice; the dilemmas inherent in the construction of a rights-centered legality; and the challenges involved in establishing a forward-looking, pluralist system of governance.
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Piskova, Mariyana. "TRACING THE ARCHIVAL SOURCES OF THE FRENCH FEATURE FILM “ANDRANIK” ABOUT THE ARMENIANS IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR(1928)." History and Archives, no. 2 (2021): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-6541-2021-2-126-140.
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The first and still the only film about Andranik Ozanian (1865– 1927) was shot during the summer of 1928 in Bulgaria. Who financed and created the movie, why did the director Archavir Chakhatouny (1882–1957) choose Bulgaria for the scenes in the open, why wasn’t the film shown in Soviet Armenia and how did it get to Yerevan – those are part of the questions the paper will try to answer. To that end the author searched for the archival documents in the archives and museums of Armenia and Bulgaria. The richest source is the personal fund of the Armenian emigrant in Paris Arshavir Shakhatuni (1882–1957). After his death, the documents were transferred to the Yeghishe Charents Museum of Literature and Arts in Yerevan. Among them, a special place is occupied by biographical documents, documents about theatrical roles and roles in cinema, which he performed, materials about early cinema and the history of the creation of the film “Andranik”. The National Archives of Armenia keeps the documents which detail the participation of Chakhatouny in the First World War and in the government of the First Armenian Republic (1918–1920) as the commandant and chief of police of Yerevan. The most valuable source is the film “Andranik” which was received by the State Archives of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) in 1972. During the period, the name of Andranik was banned until the end of the 80s of the 20th century. There was censorship and contradicting assessments of Andranik by Armenians and Azerbaijanis (“hero” or “enemy”) were “concealed”. For this reason, the film might have got into Armenia through the Armenian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, founded by the resolution of the Communist Party of the ASSR. The official activity of the Society was related to the cultural events abroad but in fact it was used to gather information about the political emigrants. In the Bulgarian archives one may find the archive “traces” of Chakhatouny’s performances on the Bulgarian theatrical scenes and also his correspondence with the actor Georgi Stamatov (1893–1965), that documents contain the valuable data on the history of the film creation. Thanks to the archives, the film ‘Andranik’ can be seen and the story of its creation and distribution in the past century can be reproduced.
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Vicheva, Elena. "New Instruments for International Legal Cooperation in Criminal Matters Dating from the 1970s. Convention on the Transfer of Persons Sentenced to Deprivation of Liberty to Serve Their Sentence in the State of Their Nationality: Historical and Legal Aspects." De Jure 13, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54664/szxi6946.
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This article outlines the history, the nature and the philosophy behind the multilateral transfer agreement signed in Berlin on 19 May 1978 between some socialist countries including Bulgaria (the Berlin Convention). The last part of the article is devoted to the evaluation of the Berlin Convention and its relevance to the present day.
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Siedlecka, Sylwia. "The Labyrinth of Genealogy: Poetry of Mehmet Karahüseyinov (1980-1990)." Balkanistic Forum 28, no. 3 (November 16, 2019): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v28i3.3.
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The article analyzes poems written by Mehmet Karahüseyinov (1945-1990) in the context of socio-political phenomena in Bulgaria of the 19980s and 1990s. In Karahüseyinov’s poetry, echoes are found of both the “Revival Process” and the “Big Excursion”, as well as of the fall of communism in Bulgaria as a point in history. Autobiographical perspective is of equal importance in the poems: in 1985, in the wake of the last stage of the “Revival Process”, the poet attempted self-immolation. This liminal experience, set in a wider context of what it means to be a representative of the Turkish minority in Bulgaria in the late socialist period, permeates all of Karahüseyinov’s poetry at the time. The article’s methodological axis is a genealogical approach as formulated by Michel Foucault, who, informed by Nietzsche’s thought, wrote of an image of the body utterly marked by history. The body is thus an area which – also in the non-figurative, material dimension – enters the gears of history and where history leaves its marks, and the scarred bodily area becomes a map of a personal and entangled genealogy.
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Troeva, Evgenia. "Sacred Places and Pilgrimages in Post-Socialist Bulgaria." Southeastern Europe 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763332-04101002.
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The transformations after 1989 mark the beginning of a new period in the development of the religious in Bulgaria. This paper focuses on the religious segment of sacred places and pilgrimage, and traces the geography of major sacred places attracting pilgrims. The article discusses trends in the emergence of new centres of worship as well as of temporary ones formed as a result of visits to cult objects (relics, remains, miraculous icons) displayed in a particular location. Owing to the denominational configuration of the country, the main focus is on Orthodox Christian sacred places but Muslim, Catholic and Jewish pilgrimage centres are included as well.
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BRUNNBAUER, ULF, and KARIN TAYLOR. "Creating a ‘socialist way of life’: family and reproduction policies in Bulgaria, 1944–1989." Continuity and Change 19, no. 2 (August 2004): 283–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416004005004.
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This article explores the policies of the Bulgarian socialist regime (1944–1989) towards the family. Initially, the Bulgarian Communist Party focussed on the abolition of the patriarchal family, the emancipation of women and the struggle against ‘bourgeois residues’ in family life. However, the dramatic decline of the birth rate – a result of rapid urbanization and increasing female employment – led to a re-direction of official discourse. Reproduction became heavily politicized, as the 1968 ban on abortion makes evident. Despite pro-natalist measures, the government was unable to stop the fertility decline. This article demonstrates how socialist family policy was gradually modified through negotiation between the Party and the population.
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HOLLERAN, MAX. "Tourism and Europe's Shifting Periphery: Post-Franco Spain and Post-Socialist Bulgaria." Contemporary European History 26, no. 4 (October 17, 2017): 691–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777317000352.
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This article examines how Spain's tourism industry was developed using European Union (EU) grants in the 1980s and 1990s, and how this strategy was later deployed to post-socialist Europe (illustrated using the case of Bulgaria). The article shows that peripheral modernisation was an important mission in the evolution of the EU and urban development for tourism played a major role in two successive post-dictatorial societies. Tourism was considered a key economic sector that addressed the reality of deindustrialisation and also served as a useful metaphor for intra-European mobility and the symbolic power of the leisure economy.
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Ermann, Ulrich. "Performing New Values: Fashion Brands in Post-Socialist Bulgaria." Europe-Asia Studies 65, no. 7 (September 2013): 1344–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2013.822695.
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Zafer, Zeynep. "The “Turkish Wing” of the Independent Society of Human Rights Protection." Balkanistic Forum 28, no. 3 (November 16, 2019): 91–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v28i3.6.
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The paper relates in first person about the motivation, participants, organizing and enlarging the Turkish resistance movement against the assimilation actions of the Bulgarian communist regime from the 1980s. From the inside point of view are narrated the processes of the resistance of the Turks and Muslims against the attempts to change their names and violent Bulgarisation. In details are followed the actions concerning the voicing of the repressions of the regime against the Muslims, starving strikes as symbols of resistance, the participation of Turks in the Independent Society of Human Rights Protection and the establishment of „Turkish section“ to it.The paper relates about the role of the radio for the „voiceless“ minorities suffering from the repressions of the totalitarian regime. The importance of the Western radio stations as the only hope for penetration of news about the dissident movement in the socialist countries in the 1970s – 1980s has been outlined. The radio stations played also the role of coordinating centre for the resistance of the Turks and Muslims in Bulgaria during 1985-1989.
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Popov, Aleksei. "Strategies of European Socialist Regimes’ in Relations with the West in the 1970s: in Search of a History of Pan-European Integration." ISTORIYA 13, no. 2 (112) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840013429-0.
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Review of the collective monograph “European Socialist Regimes' Fateful Engagement with the West: National Strategies in the long 1970s”, summarizing the results of the work of the international research project “PanEur1970s”. The monograph is devoted to the process of forming national strategies of relations between the countries of the socialist camp (Bulgaria, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia) with Western Europe in the 1970s. The monograph makes a significant contribution to the development of the discussion about the common European integration processes, the mutual influence of the political and economic systems of the West and the East, the functioning of the Eastern European political elites in the changing economic conditions of the 1970s.
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Adinolfi, Roberto. "Some Interpretations of Foreign Literature during the Epoch of Socialism." Scientific knowledge - autonomy, dependence, resistance 29, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v29i2.20.
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This paper will focus on some Bulgarian translations of works by foreign writers that were published during the epoch of Socialism. Throughout this period several works by authors from territories such as Latin America, Western Europe and the USA were translated into the languages of the Eastern European countries; some of them do not seem to fit the criteria of the Socialism realism: this is the case of genres such as science fiction or fantasy. Authors such as Alejo Carpentier, Julio Cortázar, Mario Vargas Llosa, Gabriel García Márquez, the Italian writers Italo Calvino, Dino Buzzati and many others have been translated into languages such as Bulgarian and Russian. Many of them do not deal mainly with social and political themes, and some of them (for instance Dino Buzzati) are even highly critical towards doctrines such as Marxism. However, in the forewords of some of the Bulgarian translations of their works we can find political and social interpretations. Similar interpretations can also be found in science fiction works and in non-literary works, such as books devoted to practices such as Yoga, which in some books is analyzed from a Marxist point of view.
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Valiavicharska, Z. "History's Restless Ruins: On Socialist Public Monuments in Postsocialist Bulgaria." boundary 2 41, no. 1 (February 17, 2014): 171–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-2409721.
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Lewis, Oliver. "Mental disability law in central and eastern Europe: paper, practice, promise." International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law, no. 8 (September 8, 2014): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v0i8.335.
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<p>This paper explores socio-legal issues within mental disability systems in central and eastern Europe, focusing on the ten countries which have entered into an accession partnership with the European Union (EU) and will become members within the next few years, namely (starting from the north): Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Romania and Bulgaria, countries with a combined population of almost 100 million people. These EU accession countries share a recent history of either being parts of the Soviet Union (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), part of the Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia (Slovenia) or ruled from communist Moscow (the others).</p>
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Jones, Derek C., and Mieke Meurs. "On entry of new firms in socialist economies: Evidence from Bulgaria." Soviet Studies 43, no. 2 (January 1991): 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668139108411928.
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Sedakova, Irina. "Bulgarian Conference on the Ethnology of Socialism: Five Senses in Everyday and Festive Life." Yearbook of Balkan and Baltic Studies 5 (December 2022): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ybbs5.13.
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The International Online Conference “Socialism Through the Lens of the Five Senses” was organised between 3rd and the 4th of March 2022 by the Center for Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology of St Cyril and St Methodius University of Veliko Turnovo (hereinafter VTU) and the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (hereinafter IEFEM).
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Kashilska, Teodora. "Kiril Krastev's Book “Memories of the Cultural Life between the Two World Wars” – Return of Modernism." Bulgarski Ezik i Literatura-Bulgarian Language and Literature 65, no. 1 (February 9, 2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/bel2023-1-2.
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In the center of this article is Kiril Krastev's memoir book “Memories of cultural life between the two world wars” (1988). Two of the central literaryhistorical “narratives” of the memoir are analytically examined – the Yambol literary modernism and the role of Geo Milev in the development of Bulgarian avant-garde art. The discrepancies between the visions of literary events proposed in the memoir text and the canonical narrative of academic literary history are highlighted. Kiril Krastev's specific strategy for literary memory offers its readers a different reading of the literary events during the period between the two world wars, at a time when literary history is subordinated to the ideologies of the socialist regime for decades.
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Stanek, Łukasz. "Architects from Socialist Countries in Ghana (1957–67)." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 416–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.4.416.
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Architects from Socialist Countries in Ghana (1957–67): Modern Architecture and Mondialisation discusses the architectural production of the Ghana National Construction Corporation (GNCC), a state agency responsible for building and infrastructure programs during Ghana’s first decade of independence. Łukasz Stanek reviews the work of GNCC architects within the networks that intersected in 1960s Accra, including competing networks of global cooperation: U.S.-based economic institutions, the British Commonwealth, technical assistance from socialist countries, support programs from the United Nations, and collaboration within the Non-Aligned Movement. His analysis of labor conditions within the GNCC reveals a negotiation between Cold War antagonisms and a shared culture of modern architecture that was instrumental in the reorganization of the everyday within categories of postindependence modernization. Drawing on previously unexplored materials from archives in Ghana, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, the article reveals the role of architects from European socialist countries in the urbanization of West Africa and their contribution to modern architecture’s becoming a worldwide phenomenon.
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Hristov, Todor. "Rights to Weapons: Rights as a Resource in Workplace Conflicts in Late Socialist Bulgaria." East Central Europe 46, no. 2-3 (November 22, 2019): 240–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04602003.
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Social rights are essentially rights to the betterment of life. And because of this, they lack any internal principle of limitation. Socialist governments recognized social rights as the core of human rights and therefore as legal rights, the implementation of which was a matter of obligation rather than policy. However, since the governments commanded limited resources, they had to limit the implementation of social rights. The article describes the ad hoc limitations on the implementation of social rights, developed by the Bulgarian Communist Party, which brought forth their transformation into instruments of government, and their appropriation by different forms of counter-conduct.
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Dimitrova, Svetlana. "Universitaires « de l’Est » face au politique après 1989." History of Communism in Europe 10 (2019): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/hce2019102.
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The politicization of the intellectuals in the early 1990s now seems like a closed chapter in the history of the Eastern Bloc. Political life became more regulated before experiencing the entry of “unexpected” actors, labeled as “populists”. The academics’ political commitments, movements or believes have been interpreted as expression of “dissidence”, after 1989. The question of resistance, dissidence or opposition to the Soviet‑type socialist regimes caught the attention of many researchers. The social scientists became particularly interested in peripheral presentations and written productions, as intellectual alternatives to the official line (Samizdat, seminars or movements). Most of the studies insisted on the political repercussions of these actions, living little doubt on the inherent political sense they carried. Does this heritage, developed over the past three decades, shape the present relation to politics? This article aims to question the relationship that two generations of academics have with politics. Particular affiliations impacted the processes of political and academic transformations. The analysis, based on research carried out in Bulgaria, aims to shed light on the dynamics that cross the “post‑socialist” space and time.
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Nikolaev, Sergey G. "Literary Translation and Political Regime: Relations, Ties, Control and Disobedience." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 2 (April 10, 2022): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v173.
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The collection under review consists of articles written by linguists, literary critics and translation theorists from various European countries: Ukraine, Estonia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland (former socialist states), Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Sweden, as well as the USA. The review analyses key ideas of these articles, which are devoted to the problems of professional translation in the Soviet Union (throughout the history of this multinational state) and in the Communist Bloc (during the post-war period). The following are considered: the most significant figures in the theory and practice of literary translation (Chukovsky, Lozinsky) and their heritage, the ways and methods of regulating the work of translators by the state, as well as manifestations of disobedience and freedom through the act of translation.
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Nikolaev, Sergey G. "Literary Translation and Political Regime: Relations, Ties, Control and Disobedience." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 2 (April 10, 2022): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v173.
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The collection under review consists of articles written by linguists, literary critics and translation theorists from various European countries: Ukraine, Estonia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland (former socialist states), Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Sweden, as well as the USA. The review analyses key ideas of these articles, which are devoted to the problems of professional translation in the Soviet Union (throughout the history of this multinational state) and in the Communist Bloc (during the post-war period). The following are considered: the most significant figures in the theory and practice of literary translation (Chukovsky, Lozinsky) and their heritage, the ways and methods of regulating the work of translators by the state, as well as manifestations of disobedience and freedom through the act of translation.
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Nikolaev, Sergey G. "Literary Translation and Political Regime: Relations, Ties, Control and Disobedience." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 2 (April 10, 2022): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v173.
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The collection under review consists of articles written by linguists, literary critics and translation theorists from various European countries: Ukraine, Estonia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland (former socialist states), Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Sweden, as well as the USA. The review analyses key ideas of these articles, which are devoted to the problems of professional translation in the Soviet Union (throughout the history of this multinational state) and in the Communist Bloc (during the post-war period). The following are considered: the most significant figures in the theory and practice of literary translation (Chukovsky, Lozinsky) and their heritage, the ways and methods of regulating the work of translators by the state, as well as manifestations of disobedience and freedom through the act of translation.
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Heumos, Peter. "Workers under Communist Rule: Research in the Former Socialist Countries of Eastern-Central and South-Eastern Europe and in the Federal Republic of Germany." International Review of Social History 55, no. 1 (April 2010): 83–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859009990630.
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SummaryAfter the collapse of the communist system in eastern Europe, the development of the historiographies in the Czech and Slovak republics, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and the Federal Republic of Germany has been characterized by a broad spectrum of differences. This article offers an overview of the ways in which these differences have worked out for the history of the working class in the eastern European countries under communist rule, understood here as the social history of workers. It shows that cultural and political traditions and the “embedding” of historical research in the respective societies prior to 1989, the extent to which historiography after 1989 was able to connect to pre-1989 social-historical or sociological investigations, and the specific national political situation after 1989 make up for much of the differences in the ways that the history of the working class is dealt with in the countries concerned.
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Ragaru, Nadčge. "La moralizzazione della politica nella Bulgaria post-comunista: i registri di denuncia della corruzione." MEMORIA E RICERCA, no. 32 (December 2009): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2009-032005.
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- The purpose of this article is threefold. First, it aims to investigate the conditions under which questions of political ethics and corruption have been promoted to the agenda in post-socialist Bulgaria. A particular stress is here placed on the interactions between external pressures (international financial organizations, the European Union…) and domestic players (various NGOs, media and other advocacy networks). Second, the political uses of anti-corruption are analyzed. Far from contributing to a more transparent way of doing politics, since the end of the 1990s the denunciation of corrupt behaviour has indeed turned into one of the most powerful ploys used by ruling elites against their political opponents. Finally, attention is brought to the public receptions of calls for morality in politics. "Corruption" has not become a key word solely because of the widespread existence of corrupt practices in Bulgaria. The notion also gained currency as it became incorporated into private narratives of post-communism. To many average citizens, this terminology offered ways of depicting and denunciating growing social inequalities, the disruption of social ties as well as the increased monetarization of social status associated with the transition to market democracy.
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Loboda, M. I. "M.P.Drahomanov about freedom of conscience and social functionality of religion." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 9 (January 12, 1999): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/1999.9.823.
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Our research is based on a rather large "library" of various works by M. Drahomanov, which contains his views on religion. Among them: Paradise and Progress, From the History of Relations Between Church and State in Western Europe, Faith and Public Affairs, Fight for Spiritual Power and Freedom of Conscience in the 16th - 17th Centuries, , "Church and State in the Roman Empire", "The Status and Tasks of the Science of Ancient History," "Evangelical Faith in Old England," "Populism and Popular Progress in Austrian Rus, Austrian-Russian Remembrance (1867- 1877)," "Pious The Legend of the Bulgarians "," The Issues of Religious Freedom in Russia, "" On the Brotherhood of the Baptist or the Baptist in Ukraine, "" The Foreword (to the Community of 1878), " Shevchenko, Ukrainianophiles and Socialism "," Wonderful thoughts about the Ukrainian national affair "," Zazdri gods "," Slavic variants of one Gospel legend "," Resurrection of Christ (folklore record) ", etc.
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Poria, Yaniv, Stanislav Ivanov, and Craig Webster. "Attitudes and willingness to donate towards heritage restoration: an exploratory study about Bulgarian socialist monuments." Journal of Heritage Tourism 9, no. 1 (April 3, 2013): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1743873x.2013.778266.
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Siedlecka, Sylwia. "The Institutionalization of the Bulgarian Circus between 1944 and 1957." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.10.
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This article analyzes the process of institutionalization of the Bulgarian circus be-tween 1944 and 1957. The appreciation of circus as “an equal member of the large family of socialist arts” was rooted in a belief that it was a democratic spectacle which transcended social divisions and classes. The source of the perception of the circus as an instrument of social change can be traced to pre-war Soviet tradition, when the circus became not only a tool of state cultural policy, but also inspired the most important creators of literary and theater avant-garde. In post-war Bulgaria, in order to improve the quality of performances, interinstitutional cooperation of the circus with literary and theater circles was initiated, and with the purchase of circuses by the state, numerous regulations were introduced in the profession of a circus artist. This purchase was not synonymous with nationalization: the state bought the circuses from the hands of their pre-war owners, allowing them to continue to perform strategic functions in the circuses.At the same time, despite deep institutional changes, the circus after 1944 main-tained its semi-peripheral status of an entertainment spectacle, not worth considering on the part of intellectual elites and unfit for the project of national high art. It is this peripheral potential of the circus as a spectacle not shaped by the refinement of the elites, that opens up new research perspectives which allow us to view the circus as a laboratory of social and cultural change. As a nomadic travelling institution, the circus crossed geographical boundaries and communicated with viewers from cities and villages, as well as representatives of various social groups and strata. On the other hand, multiethnic, international environment of the circus was a space for inten-sive transfer and intercultural dialogue, both in the artistic dimension and in the sphere of everyday interpersonal practices.
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Romanenko, Sergei. "STUDYING THE HISTORY OF THE BALKANS / SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE: RESEARCH TASKS AND PROBLEM FORMULATION." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 2 (2021): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2021.02.01.
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The new issue of the journal «Current Problems of Europe» opens with the problem-oriented article, dedicated to the analysis of the state of the Balkans / South-Eastern Europe region and its development in 2000-2020. The author gives a systemic description of the processes taking place in the intra-national and international intra-regional political, social and economic development of the countries of the region, and the problems generated by them. The changes are associated with a difficult transition phase, experienced by the states of the region, for the most part belonging to the post-socialist world (Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Kosovo and Albania). The exceptions are Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, however, these three states are also going through a difficult period in their history, associated with new problems both in interstate relations within this triangle, and in relations with NATO and the EU, as well as with Russia. The article discusses the specifics of translating the terms «people» and «national» into Russian, as well as the toponym Kosovo (Serb.) / Kosova (Alb.), and ethnonyms «Bošnjak» and «bosanac». The first part of the issue contains articles devoted to general problems of regional studies: the relationship between the terms Eastern Europe, Central Europe, South-Eastern Europe, Balkans, Western Balkans; comparative and political science subjects; the role of the European Union and China in the development of the region; the relationship of national Serbian, post-Yugoslavian and European culture and intellectual heritage as well. The second part of the issue examines the relations of the Balkan states with the states of Central and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Romania, Belarus), as well as the specifics of their development in the post-socialist period. Thus, there is the possibility of a multilateral - historical, political and cultural, as well as comparative analysis of the development of this complex region, which is of great importance for international relations worldwide.
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Capelle-Pogăcean, Antonela, and Nadège Ragaru. "La culture habitée aux frontières du socialisme (Gorna Džumaja, 1944-1948)." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 68, no. 2 (June 2013): 389–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900012427.
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RésuméCet article se propose de construire en objet historique le rapport entre le fait urbain et les spectacles filmiques et théâtraux dans une ville-frontière de Macédoine du Pirin, une région où se heurtèrent les projets nationaux bulgare, macédonien et grec. La période retenue (1944-1948) voit l’instauration du socialisme coïncider avec une ingénierie nationale et sociale d’autant plus intense que l’avenir territorial de cet espace demeure incertain. Tenus par les nouveaux pouvoirs pour être des vecteurs prioritaires du façonnage des individus, le théâtre et le cinéma sont ici envisagés dans leur inscription spatiale, leurs assignations toponymiques, leurs matérialités agissantes afin de cerner les articulations entre périodesantecommuniste et communiste. La « mise en objets » de spectacles, lieux de renégociation des hiérarchies sociales et de pouvoir, offre par ailleurs une perspective oblique sur la fabrique de la ville socialiste, négociée au fil de tournées et de caravanes cinématographiques, dans la comparaison avec d’autres entités urbaines et rurales. Le socialisme s’y dessine finalement en des circulations internationales ne se réduisant pas à une simple soviétisation.