Relevant bibliographies by topics / Socialism; 1950s

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Socialism; 1950s'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Socialism; 1950s"

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Pula, Besnik. "Socialism Betrayed? Economists, Neoliberalism, and History in the Undoing of Market Socialism." Historical Materialism 23, no. 4 (November 27, 2015): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341426.

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Through an historical analysis of the transnational practices of economists during the Cold War, Johanna Bockman rejects the narrative that the revolutions of 1989 represented the victory of ‘Western economics’, and especially neoliberalism, over ‘East-European socialism’. Rather, Bockman shows that the space of exchange, as well as policy experimentation in socialist states such as Yugoslavia and Hungary, led to the articulation of alternative, decentralised, ‘market socialisms’ from the 1950s up until the 1980s. Instead of operating within separate and incommensurable paradigms of ‘capitalist’ and ‘socialist’ economics, Bockman shows how neoclassical theory and its long tradition of comparing distinct economic systems became the centralepistemeallowing for the transnational exchange of ideas between economists of both the East and the West. This review-essay evaluates the book’s central claims but argues that the book stands on weaker ground when arguing that a reformed socialism was a viable option in Eastern Europe after 1989.
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Cheng, Ter-Hsing. "Between Sinology and Socialism: Collective Memory of Czech Sinologists in the 1950s." Mongolian Journal of International Affairs 19 (February 7, 2015): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v19i0.409.

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This paper intends to explore the collective memory of Czech sinologists in the 1950s based on the political zone between sinology and socialism. Czech sinological development in the 1950s was grounded on the personal factor of Prusek and the socialist transformation of new China. Socialist China offers two possibilities for the development of sinology, the first for friendly relations among socialist countries, including overseas students, and the second for studies of contemporary Chinese literature. The developmental framework of Czech sinology in the 1950s, or the social framework of collective memory for the Czech sinologists should be understood in the region under the mutual penetration of sinology and socialist China. This paper, firstly, discusses the background framework of constructing the Czech sinologists in the 1950s— the link between new China and the other socialist countries, and the relation between Prusek and socialist China. Secondly, this paper will analyze Czech sinological experiences in the 1950s through Halbwachs’ theory of collective memory.Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Vol.19 2014: 116-133
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Bockman, Johanna. "Democratic Socialism in Chile and Peru: Revisiting the “Chicago Boys” as the Origin of Neoliberalism." Comparative Studies in Society and History 61, no. 3 (June 28, 2019): 654–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417519000239.

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AbstractIn the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. government paid the economics department at the University of Chicago, known for its advocacy of free markets and monetarism, to train Chilean graduate students. These students became known as the “Chicago Boys,” who implemented the first and most famous neoliberal experiment in Chile after 1973. Peruvian, Mexican, and other Latin American economics students followed a similar path and advocated a turn to neoliberal policies in their own countries. The Chicago Boys narrative has become an origin story for global neoliberalism. However, the focus on this narrative has obscured other transnational networks whose ideas possess certain superficial, but misleading, similarities with neoliberalism. I examine Chilean and Peruvian engagements with Yugoslavia's unique form of socialism, its worker self-management socialism, which was part of a worldwide discussion of anti-authoritarian socialism. I first introduce the Yugoslav socialist model that inspired those in Chile and Peru. I then examine socialist discussions in Chile and Peru that called for decentralized, democratic socialism and looked to Yugoslavia for advice. I conclude by examining the 1990s postponement of socialism in the name of a very narrow democracy and realization of neoliberalism. The Chicago Boys story assumes the easy global victory of neoliberalism and erases what was at stake in the 1988–1994 period: radically democratic socialism on a global scale.
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Popov, A. A. "Comecon as the «Core» of Alternative Globalization." MGIMO Review of International Relations 14, no. 3 (June 27, 2021): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2021-3-78-3-114.

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Estrin, Saul. "Yugoslavia: The Case of Self-Managing Market Socialism." Journal of Economic Perspectives 5, no. 4 (November 1, 1991): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.4.187.

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For many years the Yugoslav economic system appeared to offer a middle way between capitalism and Soviet central planning. The Yugoslavs' brand of market socialism placed reliance on markets to guide both domestic and international production and exchange, with the socialist element coming from the “social ownership” and workers' self-management of enterprises. The system seemed successful until the late 1970s. However, in recent years, many of the problems besetting other socialist economies like Poland and Hungary—like stagnation, international debt, enterprise inefficiency, and inflation—have emerged to bring the whole experiment into question. Reforms paralleling those elsewhere in Central and Eastern Europe are now on the agenda. This paper will first describe how the Yugoslav economy has been distinguished from those of its socialist neighbors. The following sections will describe the economic record of Yugoslavia since the 1950s and the lessons to be drawn from the long-standing Yugoslav experiment.
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Petrie, Malcolm. "ANTI-SOCIALISM, LIBERALISM AND INDIVIDUALISM: RETHINKING THE REALIGNMENT OF SCOTTISH POLITICS, 1945–1970." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 28 (November 2, 2018): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440118000105.

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ABSTRACTThis paper presents an alternative interpretation of Scottish politics between 1945 and 1970, a period that witnessed the decline of a once-powerful Unionist tradition, the revival of Liberalism and the rise of the Scottish National party (SNP). While existing accounts have focused principally upon social and economic factors, this study foregrounds the role of ideology and rhetoric. During the 1940s and early 1950s, Scottish Unionists were, like their Conservative colleagues elsewhere in Britain, able to construct a popular, but essentially negative, anti-socialist coalition that prioritised the defence of individual liberty. This electoral alliance, defined by opposition to Labour's programme of nationalisation and expressed via an individualist idiom, was able to attract broad support; it was, however, always provisional, and proved increasingly difficult to sustain after the Conservative party returned to office in 1951. It was, this paper suggests, the fragmenting of this anti-socialist coalition in the late 1950s and early 1960s that created the opportunity for both the Liberals and the SNP to present alternative renderings of this individualist appeal, and to emerge as credible political alternatives. Crucially, by the 1960s, individual liberty was beginning to be understood in constitutional rather than economic terms.
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Tchoukarine, Igor. "Yugoslavia’s Open-Door Policy and Global Tourism in the 1950s and 1960s." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 29, no. 1 (October 6, 2014): 168–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325414551167.

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In post-Stalin Eastern Europe, international tourism occupied a paradoxical position. For practical and ideological reasons, socialist states continued to implement stringent passport regimes and strictly regulated the movement of people to and from their territories. At the same time (and for similar reasons), socialist entities were also compelled and enticed, albeit with hesitations, to allow their citizens and foreigners to temporarily move across their borders. Examining the tension between these policies and practices, this article explores how political and tourist institutions in Tito’s Yugoslavia negotiated and engaged with mobility by Yugoslav citizens and visitors, gradually leading to the country’s “open-door policy” of the 1960s. This policy—and with it, international tourism—became a trademark of sorts for Yugoslavia’s atypical socialism and, as Yugoslav officials and tourism experts often claimed, served both as a reflection of and a channel for the expression of the country’s distinct foreign policy and socioeconomic agenda. Though Yugoslavia’s engagement with global tourism was hardly unique during the Cold War, the country’s rapid transformation to a relatively successful and recognized tourist destination in the 1960s was remarkable and typically a step ahead of other socialist states. The article argues that this transformation occurred through the enaction of liberal mobility policies that intelligently intersected with the country’s foreign policy. Through this, it asserts, Yugoslavia set itself apart in many respects, particularly in terms of its mobility and tourism practices, which were, for the most part, in tune with Western standards.
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Vari, Alexander. "Yugoslavia's sunny side: a history of tourism in socialism (1950s–1980s)." Journal of Tourism History 4, no. 1 (April 2012): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755182x.2012.671466.

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Kalthoff, Justus. "Soccer, Science, and Socialism in the German Democratic Republic, 1950s–1960s." International Journal of the History of Sport 35, no. 14 (September 22, 2018): 1459–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2019.1593150.

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Bagina, Elena. "The binary star." проект байкал 18, no. 68 (August 8, 2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.68.1802.

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Baroque and classicism were called a binary star. In the national architecture, the avant-garde and neoclassicism can be also called a binary star. The model of succession of styles in architecture does not reflect the real situation in the 1920-1950s. Neoclassicism and different movements of “contemporary architecture” run parallel to each other both in the West and in the USSR. In the 1920s, the avant-garde was brighter, while In the 1930-1950s in the USSR – neoclassicism. “The new world of socialism” was observed in the patterns of “contemporary architecture” by party ideologists headed by Lev Trotsky. In the 1930s, the political situation changed, and the patterns of the “new world” came down to earth and acquired historical roots. The interaction of the avant-garde and neoclassicism produced a unique style of the epoch. Unfortunately, the monuments of that epoch decay very quickly.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Socialism; 1950s"

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Torrie, Catherine. "Ideas, policy and ideology : the British Labour Party in opposition, 1951-1959." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312676.

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Häusler, Clemens Albert Josef. "The transatlantic exchange between American liberals, British Labourites, and German social democrats from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609089.

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Liu, Chaoqun. "Politics between public and private : land ownership transfer in socialist Beijing (1950s - 1970s)." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11206/.

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This research concerns the relations and tensions among the state as an institutional public power, the people congregating as a collective, and private individuals. It intends to investigate these relations through two land politics cases in the Socialist Beijing, set against the historical background of the city and Chinese conceptual contexts. Suggesting certain similarities to public/private demarcation, the thesis starts with a genealogy of the Chinese gong-si division, arguing the moral superiority of the abstract ideas of gong over si; it argues that changing understandings of gong/public and the intricate connections between various gong and si embodiments (i.e. state, collective, family, individual) contribute – and in some ways constitutes -- politics. Based on data acquired by archival work, in-depth interviews and literature reviews, the thesis then grounds the issue into two empirical cases: the land ownership nationalisation in the expansion of Tiananmen Square, and the struggles over property in the Bell&Drum Towers area from the 1950s to 1970s. The thesis argues that the significant power of the state, particularly the compulsory power to expropriate land, depends on moral and political authority attained by its status as a gong embodiment, is dependent on: its constant practice of constructing other bodies such as family and individual as si embodiments; constructing private property and private economy as flawed si; and also on its suppression of other public/gong entities, especially the collective and the city. However, it also argues, challenges from the private/si category and from other potential public/gong bodies always exist too. This is reflected in private people’s strategic use of the normative gong in their daily practices related to property and in many collective practices. It is the divergence between gong and si and the simultaneous intimacy between them that generates politics.
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Payling, Daisy Catherine Ellen. "'Socialist Republic of South Yorkshire' : activism in Sheffield in the 1970s and 1980s." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6587/.

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This thesis explores the tensions present in left-wing projects of renewal in the 1970s and 1980s by examining the activism of one city; Sheffield. It finds that behind the 'Socialist Republic of South Yorkshire' lay a more complex set of relationships between activists from different movements, strands of activism, and local government. It sets out Sheffield City Council's attempt at a new left-wing politics, its form of 'local socialism,' and explores how the city's wider activism of trade unionism, women's groups, peace, environmentalism, anti-apartheid, anti-racism, and lesbian and gay politics was embraced, supported, restricted or ignored by the local authority. Despite deindustrialisation and contemporary discussions of the decline of class politics, there was a persistence of class and a dominance of the labour movement in Sheffield. Unsurprisingly archival evidence, oral histories, and photographs point to tensions between class and identity politics. Yet, the focus of this thesis on how a number of new social movements and identity-based groups operated in one place, and its detailed analysis of the sites, methods, and relationships of activism has revealed the extent to which tensions existed, not only between class and identity, but between the different subjectivities represented in new social movements and identity politics. In this way, Sheffield's activism sheds light on the wider British left, showing the resilience of class-based politics and how popular notions of renewal were limited by conventions of solidarity.
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Dzuverovic, Lina. "Pop art tendencies in self-managed socialism : pop reactions and counter-cultural pop in Yugoslavia in 1960s and 1970s." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2017. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/2850/.

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This thesis explores forms of Pop Art on the territory of the former Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s, seeking to identify its local variants. Yugoslavia, a single party state, built on the legacy of the anti-fascist Partisan struggle, principles of solidarity, egalitarianism, self-management and a strong sense of internationalism due to its founding role in the Non-Aligned Movement, was, at the same time, a country immersed in what has been termed 'utopian consumerism'. The thesis examines how Yugoslav artists during this period dealt with the burgeoning consumer society and media boom, kitsch and the Westernization of Yugoslav culture, phenomena which were ideologically at odds with the country’s own socialist principles. Starting from an analysis of the role of the artist in post-war Yugoslav system of self-management, the thesis proposes that Pop in Yugoslavia can be read as a critical site of articulation and negotiation of that role. Yugoslavia’s founding principles, formed as a legacy of the People’s Liberation Struggle (1941 – 1945), were based upon self-management and the introduction of social property, with art being a democratizing force with a central emancipatory role in the building of the new socialist state. But socialist modernism gradually relegated culture to a more illustrative role, as a form of ‘soft power’ for the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The thesis proposes a reading of artists’ diverse engagements with popular culture and materials as varied expressions of resistance to the severing of links with Yugoslavia’s founding principles. My original contribution to knowledge lies in the identification of two strands of Pop in the country–‘Yugoslav Pop Reactions’ and ‘Yugoslav Countercultural Pop’ which each turned to popular culture and cheap everyday materials as an alternative channel through which to respond to socialist modernism. My claim is that the two positions represent two diametrically opposed responses to the disenchantment with socialist modernism and artists’ roles in society – both using the language of Pop Art but representing two different conceptual positions. The thesis is structured around three core questions. Firstly it asks whether it is possible to retrospectively apply the category of Pop Art to artworks which never originally claimed this term. Secondly it examines ways in which Pop tendencies altered the position of Yugoslav female artists, who, marginalised in a heavily male-dominated environment, looked to Pop as an enabling force, allowing new working methods and‘giving licence’ to new types of practices. The third question is concerned with the relationship between power, politics and Pop Art in Yugoslavia, asking to what extent Yugoslav Pop was a form ofpolitical practice, and to what extent is it was a local adaptation of international currents and themes. This thesis is associated with Tate’s multiannual research into ‘global pop’, which culminated in the exhibition ‘The World Goes Pop’ (September 2015 – January 2016, Tate Modern) through a Collaborative Doctoral Award (AHRC). This involved an advisory role in the exhibition research on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, identifying artists and artworks for potential inclusion in the exhibition. The methodology of the thesis was in part shaped by this context, beginning with close studies of artworks, their critical reception, and the study of their context–the sites of production and exhibition in the country at the time. Whilst both local and international literature on Yugoslav art history, global Pop Art as well as Yugoslav material culture and political context has been important, the core research involved oral histories, and visits to artists’ studios, museum collections, depots and archives in search of original artworks. The thesis draws on approximately twenty interviews with artists, curators, art historians and other art workers who were active in 1960s and 1970s, combined with the above-mentioned scholarship.
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Croft, A. "Socialist fiction in Britain in the 1930s." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373609.

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Bastow, S. "A collaborationist logic? The neo-socialism of Marcel Deat." Thesis, University of Essex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333550.

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Zavaleta, Gamarra Jeanett Stephania. "Gestión de la Calidad como estrategia clave para la gestión de proyectos sociales." Bachelor's thesis, PE, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19507.

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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene el propósito de identificar y analizar elementos pertenecientes a la Gestión de la Calidad que sean aplicables y contribuyan a la gestión de los proyectos sociales. Para ello, la investigación está centrada en entender criterios que, desde la Gestión de la Calidad (GC), contribuyan a la aproximación metodológica de intervenciones promovidas desde el sector social; todo ello, a través de la exploración y análisis de los modelos y principios de GCT. A través de lo anterior, se podrá identificar las oportunidades de mejora, buenas prácticas y, además, plantear un conjunto de recomendaciones que contribuyan a la gestión de los proyectos. Con el estudio y análisis del concepto de calidad, se podrá realizar una comparación metodológica de modelos representativos de la Gestión de la Calidad Total, tales como como el Modelo Europeo de Calidad (EFQM), Modelo Iberoamericano y el Modelo Malcolm Baldrige. Asimismo, se realizará un análisis de los proyectos sociales desde una perspectiva de gestión, a fin de entender el contexto, limitaciones y requerimientos del entorno. Finalmente, se plantean recomendaciones orientadas a asegurar la calidad orientadas, principalmente, a los servicios derivados de proyectos sociales, de tal manera que se pueda disminuir las limitaciones y dificultades que toda organización presenta en la prestación de un servicio
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Fitzgibbons, Leonara. "Rethinking socialism in the 1920s : a comparative study of the ideas and identities of the French and Italian socialist parties during the years 1920-1926." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439742.

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Jara, Tairo Tania Lisbeth. "Desarrollo del lenguaje oral durante las interacciones sociales en niños de 3 años de una Institución Pública del Cercado de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19502.

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La presente tesis de carácter mixto tiene como objetivo describir las características del lenguaje oral de los niños de 3 años y su uso durante las interacciones sociales que se dan entre pares en una Institución pública del Cercado de Lima. El estudio de este tema resulta fundamental porque se reconoce que las interacciones sociales son un medio para desarrollar el lenguaje oral en los primeros años de vida. En esta etapa se da lugar a un proceso de socialización más intenso porque los niños adquieran habilidades para poder desenvolverse en diferentes situaciones, una de ellas es el desarrollo del lenguaje oral y las habilidades de socialización. El estudio es de carácter empírico y se desarrolla bajo el método de estudio de caso, el cual me permite describir a profundidad las características del lenguaje de los niños que participan de esta investigación. Para ello se ha diseñado instrumentos que nos permitan recoger la información necesaria de acuerdo con los objetivos planteados. Estos instrumentos son; la lista de cotejo para recoger las características del lenguaje oral de los niños de 3 años aplicada a lo largo de las actividades diarias; la guía de observación semi- estructurada y adicional una lista de cotejo el cual fue aplicada durante la rutina del juego libre. Estos instrumentos fueron aplicados teniendo en cuenta los principios éticos que resguarden la integridad de los involucrados. Los resultados de esta investigación demuestran que es importante reflexionar acerca del desarrollo del lenguaje oral y como este permite a los niños desenvolverse de manera efectiva durante sus interacciones entre pares. En ese sentido, los docentes deben cumplir un rol fundamental en el desarrollo del lenguaje oral, brindado a los niños espacios de interacción que les permita vivenciar diversas situaciones de manera espontánea dentro y fuera del aula.
The objective of this mixed thesis is to describe the characteristics of oral language in 3-year-old children and its use during social interactions between peers in a public institution in Cercado de Lima. The study of this topic is essential because it is recognized that social interactions are a means to develop oral language in the first years of life. In this stage, a more intense socialization process takes place because children acquire skills to be able to cope in different situations, one of them is the development of oral language and socialization skills. The study is empirical in nature and is developed under the case study method, which allows me to describe in depth the characteristics of the language of the children who participate in this research. For this, instruments have been designed that allow us to collect the necessary information according to the objectives set. These instruments are; the checklist to collect the oral language characteristics of 3-year-old children applied throughout daily activities; the semi-structured observation guide and an additional checklist which was applied during the free play routine. These instruments were applied taking into account the ethical principles that safeguard the integrity of those involved. The results of this research show that it is important to reflect on the development of oral language and how it allows children to function effectively during their peer interactions. In this sense, teachers must play a fundamental role in the development of oral language, providing children with spaces for interaction that allow them to experience various situations spontaneously inside and outside the classroom.
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Books on the topic "Socialism; 1950s"

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Yugoslavia's sunny side: A history of tourism in socialism (1950s-1980s). Budapest: Central European University Press, 2010.

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George, Fraser. Seeing red: Undercover in 1950s New Zealand. Palmerston North, N.Z: Dunmore Press, 1995.

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Bushin, Vladimir. Social democracy and Southern Africa, 1960s-1980s. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1989.

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Faravelli, Giuseppe. Il socialismo al bivio: L'archivio di Giuseppe Faravelli, 1945-1950. Milano: Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, 1990.

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Merkel, Wolfgang. After the golden age: A decline of social democratic policies in western Europe during the 1980s? Cambridge, MA (27 Kirkland St., Cambridge 02138): Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Harvard University, 1990.

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The suppression of philosophy in the USSR (1920s and 1930s). Oak Park, Mich: Mehring Books, 2012.

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Salm, Christian. Transnational Socialist Networks in the 1970s. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137551207.

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Cavicchioli, Gilberto. Testimonianze di socialismo mantovano, 1900-1950. [Mantova]: Istituto provinciale per la storia del movimento di liberazione del Mantovano, 1988.

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Shaw's controversial socialism. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2009.

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Kolešnik, Ljiljana, ed. Socialism and Modernity. Art, Culture, Politics 1950-1974. Zagreb, Croatia: MCA, Zagreb, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Socialism; 1950s"

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Fürst, Juliane. "Friends in Private, Friends in Public: The Phenomenon of the Kompaniia Among Soviet Youth in the 1950s and 1960s." In Borders of Socialism, 229–49. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-8454-8_12.

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Salmon, Shawn. "9. Marketing Socialism: Inturist in the Late 1950s and Early 1960s." In Turizm, edited by Anne E. Gorsuch and Diane P. Koenker, 186–204. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501727238-011.

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Liu, Yishi. "Changchun Across 1949: Rebuilding a Colonial Capital City Under Socialism in the Early 1950s." In China: A Historical Geography of the Urban, 67–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64042-6_4.

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Griffiths, Clare. "Socialism and the Land Question: Public Ownership and Control in Labour Party Policy, 1918–1950s." In The Land Question in Britain, 1750–1950, 237–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230248472_14.

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Liu, Yishi. "Erratum to: Chapter 4: Changchun Across 1949: Rebuilding a Colonial Capital City Under Socialism in the Early 1950s." In China: A Historical Geography of the Urban, E1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64042-6_11.

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Bo, Bo. "Raising Xenophobic Socialism against a Communist Threat: Re-reading the Lines of an Army Propaganda Magazine in 1950s Burma." In Cultures at War, edited by Tony Day and Maya H. T. Liem, 171–94. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501721205-008.

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Dunajeva, Jekatyerina. "From “Unsettled Fortune-Tellers” to Socialist Workers: Education Policies and Roma in Early Soviet Union." In Social and Economic Vulnerability of Roma People, 65–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52588-0_5.

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AbstractThis chapter embeds Roma identity formation in the politics of early Soviet Union, by examining the role schools played in delineating boundaries of belonging and the sense of nationhood. I analyze education policies and politics towards minorities in the 1920s and ‘1930s through textbooks in Romani language from the time. I show that textbooks, often through educating basic grammar to children, sought to alter their identities from “unsettled fortune-tellers” to working Roma. Roma way of life was equated with oppression of the old, pre-revolutionary times, while new, Socialist life that Roma were to become part of was characterized by equality and work. What was seen as the traditional Roma way of life was incompatible with the goals of the state, and schools were to “transform” Roma children into productive Socialist workers. Socialism, therefore, was seen as the emancipation and empowerment Roma needed in order to leave their “backwards” habits in the past.
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Bryson, Valerie. "Marxist and Socialist Feminism from the 1960s to the 1990s." In Feminist Political Theory, 189–212. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-59321-4_12.

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Zlydneva, Nataliya. "Rereading the 1920s." In A Socialist Realist History?, 130–42. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/9783412516673.130.

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Stanfield, Paul Scott. "Yeats, Socialism and Tragedy." In Yeats and Politics in the 1930s, 78–111. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18964-9_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Socialism; 1950s"

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Shinta, Diesta Noor, Trie Hartiti Retnowati, and Hadjar Pamadhi. "Contemporary Socialist Realism Within Indonesian Local Toss up Cards in the 1940s–1950s Era." In 4th International Conference on Arts and Arts Education (ICAAE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210602.026.

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Gerni, Cevat, Selahattin Sarı, Mustafa Kemal Değer, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "Liberalism and Economic Growth in Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00290.

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In the world economy, since 1960s, countries, which are open and apply liberal policies succeeded higher economic growth and welfare. Therefore, liberal policies became more attractive. In that case, the transition, which has political, economic, and socio-cultural aspects, means moving from socialist-authoritarian structure to market based-liberal structures. In the literature, there are many studies which point out labor force and capital are not significant on the economic growth. In addition, the literature focuses on the importance of institutions on the economic growth. In this study, we compare the countries which were quickly away from the socialist structures with the countries which were slow on the reforms. Our analysis depends on their economic growth with cross section. However, we know the importance of institutional aspects on the growth research; therefore, we applied 2SLS regression analysis and to determine the economic liberalism indicators we used political rights, civil liberties, years that were under the socialism, openness, secondary school ratio, and public spending/GDP ratio. In the late phase, GDP per capita, as an indicator of economic growth, is explained with an independent variable which is predicted in the first phase via liberalism variable, and labor-population ratio and constant capital stock GDP ratio variables used in Neo-classical Solow-type growth model.
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Zakharov, Victor. "On the Joint Activity of the Socialist Countries in the Field of Creating Computer Systems at the Last Stage (1980s-Early 1990s)." In 2020 Fifth International Conference “History of Computing in the Russia, former Soviet Union and Council for Mutual Economic Assistance countries” (SORUCOM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sorucom51654.2020.9465004.

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Meškova, Sandra. "THE SENSE OF EXILE IN CONTEMPORARY EAST CENTRAL EUROPEAN WOMEN’S LIFE WRITING: DUBRAVKA UGREŠIČ AND MARGITA GŪTMANE." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b1/v3/22.

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Exile is one of the central motifs of the 20th century European culture and literature; it is closely related to the historical events throughout this century and especially those related to World War II. In the culture of East Central Europe, the phenomenon of exile has been greatly determined by the context of socialism and post-socialist transformations that caused several waves of emigration from this part of Europe to the West or other parts of the world. It is interesting to compare cultures of East Central Europe, the historical situations of which both during World War II and after the collapse of socialism were different, e.g. Latvian and ex-Yugoslavian ones. In Latvia, exile is basically related to the emigration of a great part of the population in the 1940s and the issue of their possible return to the renewed Republic of Latvia in the early 1990s, whereas the countries of the former Yugoslavia experienced a new wave of emigration as a result of the Balkan War in the 1990s. Exile has been regarded by a great number of the 20th century philosophers, theorists, and scholars of diverse branches of studies. An important aspect of this complex phenomenon has been studied by psychoanalytical theorists. According to the French poststructuralist feminist theorist Julia Kristeva, the state of exile as a socio-cultural phenomenon reflects the inner schisms of subjectivity, particularly those of a feminine subject. Hence, exile/stranger/foreigner is an essential model of the contemporary subject and exile turns from a particular geographical and political phenomenon into a major symbol of modern European culture. The present article regards the sense of exile as a part of the narrator’s subjective world experience in the works by the Yugoslav writer Dubravka Ugrešič (“The Museum of Unconditional Surrender”, in Croatian and English, 1996) and Latvian émigré author Margita Gūtmane (“Letters to Mother”, in Latvian, 1998). Both authors relate the sense of exile to identity problems, personal and culture memory as well as loss. The article focuses on the issues of loss and memory as essential elements of the narrative of exile revealed by the metaphors of photograph and museum. Notwithstanding the differences of their historical situations, exile as the subjective experience reveals similar features in both authors’ works. However, different artistic means are used in both authors’ texts to depict it. Hence, Dubravka Ugrešič uses irony, whereas Margita Gūtmane provides a melancholic narrative of confession; both authors use photographs to depict various aspects of memory dynamic, but Gūtmane primarily deals with private memory, while Ugrešič regards also issues of cultural memory. The sense of exile in both authors’ works appears to mark specific aspects of feminine subjectivity.
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D'Aprile, Marianela. "A City Divided: “Fragmented” Urban and Literary Space in 20th-Century Buenos Aires." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.22.

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When analyzing the state of Latin American cities, particularly large ones like Buenos Aires, São Paolo and Riode Janeiro, scholars of urbanism and sociology often lean heavily on the term “fragmentation.” Through the 1980s and 1990s, the term was quickly and widely adopted to describe the widespread state of abutment between seemingly disparate urban conditions that purportedly prevented Latin American cities from developing into cohesive wholes and instead produced cities in pieces, fragments. This term, “fragmentation,” along with the idea of a city composed of mismatching parts, was central to the conception of Buenos Aires by its citizens and immortalized by the fiction of Esteban Echeverría, Julio Cortázar and César Aira. The idea that Buenos Aires is composed of discrete parts has been used throughout its history to either proactively enable or retroactively justify planning decisions by governments on both ends of the political spectrum. The 1950s and 60s saw a series of governments whose priorities lay in controlling the many newcomers to the city via large housing projects. Aided by the perception of the city as fragmented, they were able to build monster-scale developments in the parts of the city that were seen as “apart.” Later, as neoliberal democracy replaced socialist and populist leadership, commercial centers in the center of the city were built as shrines to an idealized Parisian downtown, separate from the rest of the city. The observations by scholars of the city that Buenos Aires is composed of multiple discrete parts, whether they be physical, economic or social, is accurate. However, the issue here lies not in the accuracy of the assessment but in the word chosen to describe it. The word fragmentation implies that there was a “whole” at once point, a complete entity that could be then broken into pieces, fragments. Its current usage also implies that this is a natural process, out of the hands of both planners and inhabitants. Leaning on the work of Adrián Gorelik, Pedro Pírez and Marie-France Prévôt-Schapira, and utilizing popular fiction to supplement an understanding of the urban experience, I argue that fragmentation, more than a naturally occurring phenomenon, is a fabricated concept that has been used throughout the twentieth century and through today to make all kinds of urban planning projects possible.
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Zhuk, V. N. "THE NETWORK OF AGRICULTURAL LIBRARIES OF THE BSSR IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1970S." In БИБЛИОТЕКИ В ИНФОРМАЦИОННОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ: СОХРАНЕНИЕ ТРАДИЦИЙ И РАЗВИТИЕ НОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ. ООО «Ковчег», 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/978-985-884-010-5-2020-131-138.

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The article presents the analysis of state of agricultural libraries of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) in the first half of the 1970s. The main types of libraries of the presented network have been analysed; the data on library staff composition and education have been presented; the number of readers and total amount of books which were lent have been shown; the main activities of the agricultural libraries haven considered.
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Blagojevic, Ljiljana. "Vernacular Serbia Traced by Jeanneret, Yugoslav Modern Figured à la Corbusier." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.565.

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Abstract: The paper examines correlations of architectural culture in Serbia with modern ideas of the twentieth century that were engendered through engagement with concepts originated by Le Corbusier. Based on analysis of primary sources, the paper examines the dichotomy vernacular – modern as a critical point of this correlation. For instance, what was the significance of vernacular or folklore heritage, that Charles-Édouard Jeanneret traced in Serbia in 1911, and how did its value became part of the foundational discourse of the modern movement? What kind of relation to Le Corbusier’s doctrines were forged by modern architects in Serbia of the interwar years, and which lessons learned in his Parisian atelier by collaborators from the late 1930s had been transmitted far and wide in socialist Yugoslavia’s urban planning? This paper focuses on comparative analysis of direct material evidence of sources on the one side and interpretations on the other, with the aim to show more clearly a two-way working of sources, reception and selective transmission through architectural thinking and design process. In sum, the argumentation will aim to elucidate the processes of acknowledgment, emulation, idealization, analytical probing, dogmatization, critique and annihilation of Le Corbusier’s ideas in the long march of modernism’s emancipation and decline in Serbia over the course of the twentieth century. Resumen: El artículo examina las correlaciones de la cultura arquitectónica en Serbia con ideas modernas del siglo XX que se generaron a través de los conceptos originados por Le Corbusier. Basado en el análisis de fuentes primarias, el artículo examina la dicotomía vernácula - moderna como un punto crítico de esta correlación. Por ejemplo, ¿cuál fue la importancia del patrimonio vernáculo o folclore, que Charles-Édouard Jeanneret trazó en Serbia en 1911, y cómo se convirtió su valor en una parte del discurso fundamental del movimiento moderno? ¿Qué tipo de relación con las doctrinas de Le Corbusier se forjaron por los arquitectos modernos en Serbia de los años de entreguerras, y qué lecciones aprendidas en su taller parisino por los colaboradores de la década de 1930 habían sido transmitidas en la planificación urbana de Yugoslavia socialista? Por un lado, este documento se centra en el análisis comparativo de pruebas materiales directas de fuentes, y por el otro lado de la interpretación, con el objetivo de mostrar más claramente dos maneras de trabajo de las fuentes, la recepción y transmisión selectiva a través del pensamiento arquitectónico y proceso de diseño. En síntesis, la argumentación tratará de dilucidar los procesos de reconocimiento, la emulación, la idealización, la investigación analítica, dogmatización, la crítica y la aniquilación de las ideas de Le Corbusier en la larga marcha de la emancipación de la modernidad y el declive de la misma en Serbia en el transcurso del siglo XX. Keywords: Le Corbusier; Serbia; vernacular; purism; socialist modernism; New Belgrade. Palabras clave: Le Corbusier; Serbia; vernácula; purismo; modernismo socialista; Nuevo Belgrado. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.565
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Özdemir, Abdullah, Mehmet Mercan, and Erkan Dendeş. "The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Growth in the Transition Economies of Central Asian Republics." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00691.

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The transition period from the socialist system to the capitalist system is used to describe economies in transition. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, with Central and Eastern European Countries, the Countries in Central Asia have entered into this process. Central Asian Countries haven’t entered into this process providently a lot in transitional stage. At the end of secession process from the Soviet Union, these countries had only limited industrial plants and natural resources. However, reserves of energy resources that these countries have in their economic growth have been a pusher factor. No doubt, increasing energy consumption has a significant effect in the development of the countries. The main purpose of this study is to test the existence of growth relation and energy consumptions in Central Asian Countries that live the transition period accordingly. This study investigates relationship between economic growth and energy consumption for Central Asian Countries over the period 1990-2010 by using panel data analysis. As a conclusion it is reached that there is a significant correlation between energy consumption and economic growth for these countries.
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Gerni, Mine, Murat Nişancı, Ahmet Alkan Çelik, and Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz. "Effects of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth in Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00678.

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The emphasis on entrepreneurship with the importance for economic growth and development is increasing day by day. This situation is particularly feeding the level of development, but also providing to have high level of economic, social, technological and cultural infrastructure in developed countries. In other words, this is particularly the level of sophistication feeding, but also in developed countries, economic, technological, social and cultural infrastructures are also leading to a high level of entrepreneurship. In other words, more entrepreneurial individuals grow in the country which has economic and social conditions in relevant level and this increase the importance of determination on the performance of economic growth. In this study, until the 1990s, private enterprise was almost zero in 1991 to the former socialist countries with the transition process relations of production and consumption was abandoned from planned economy conditions to in the conditions of market economy. In this aspect, the factors affecting economic growth, entrepreneurship and employment variables are the level of savings. After econometric analysis, all independent variables are found significant and the impacts of those variables on economic growth are examined positive. This showed that entrepreneurship took a place as an important factor on growth performance of countries in development such as labour and capital.
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Ximenes, Deize Sbarai Sanches, Denise Gonçalves Lima Malheiros, and Fábio Cesar Moreira Manente. "Re-cualificación del paisaje urbano del Bajo Augusta, São Paulo, Brasil. Conexiones vivas y movilidad sostenible." In ISUF-h 2019 - CIUDAD COMPACTA VERSUS CIUDAD DIFUSA. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isufh2019.2019.9643.

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El crecimiento urbano desordenado es una realidad en las ciudades brasileñas, agravado por la especulación inmobiliaria, que genera descalificación de los espacios públicos y vaciamiento de los centros urbanos. La calle es un organismo vivo, un espacio de apropiación pública, donde su uso puede mejorar o degradar la calidad de vida de las personas. El Bajo Augusta, área cortada por la calle Augusta, de la Avenida Paulista a la Plaza Roosevelt en el centro de São Paulo, símbolo de la ocupación urbana paulistana y escenario de manifestaciones culturales y sociales desde 1950, sufrió profundas transformaciones urbanas de degeneración del paisaje urbano, reflejo del rápido crecimiento económico y la descentralización provocada por inversiones de capital privado y de recursos de infraestructura pública, creando nuevos puntos de centralidad. La investigación objetiva la recalificación del paisaje urbano del Bajo Augusta basada en cinco ejes estructuradores: accesibilidad urbana, movilidad sostenible, identidad cultural, vivienda social y preservación ambiental; y en la legislación urbana vigente. Para que esta área sea eficiente y accesible, nuevos escenarios urbanos se propusieron con conexiones vivas entre personas, lugares y actividades - valorización de la identidad cultural, uso compacto y diversificado, y nueva movilidad sostenible; un transporte de masa compacto a la demanda local y conectado a los diferentes modales, reduciendo la necesidad de desplazamientos. Esta propuesta pretende establecer espacios públicos llenos de vitalidad, nuevas oportunidades de trabajo, ocio y cultura, privilegiando la escala humana, regenerar las cualidades socioambientales y colaborar con el desarrollo sostenible del municipio de São Paulo.
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Reports on the topic "Socialism; 1950s"

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Andrén, Daniela, John S. Earle, and Dana Sapatoru. The Wage Effects of Schooling under Socialism and in Transition: Evidence from Romania, 1950-2000. W.E. Upjohn Institute, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp04-108.

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