Journal articles on the topic 'Social work, n.e.c'
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1
Allen, Junior Lloyd, Kimberly Y. Huggins-Hoyt, Michael J. Holosko, and Harold E. Briggs. "African American Social Work Faculty." Research on Social Work Practice 28, no. 3 (March 29, 2017): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731517701578.
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Purpose: This study explored the scholarship experiences of top-ranked African American faculty in schools of social work. Method: Qualitative interviews were conducted with N = 10 top-ranked African American faculty identified as achieving considerable productivity and impact of scholarship. Findings: Four major themes were identified, each of which had 2–3 subcategories. These included (1) mentorship, (2) collaboration, (3) time, and (4) strategic planning. The data revealed that of these identified themes, mentorship was the most prominent, and collaboration, although important, was the least. Implications: The noted experiences and strategies highlighted in this study could be of great utility for those seeking to enhance their scholarly productivity and impact, particularly for (a) junior faculty, (b) African American faculty, and (c) doctoral student researchers and candidates.
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Holly K. Oxhandler, Rick Chamiec-Case, Terry Wolfer, and Julianna Marraccino. "Integrating Social Workers’ Christian Faith in Social Work: A National Survey." Social Work & Christianity 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34043/swc.v48i1.160.
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Over the past few decades, researchers have focused considerable attention on religion, spirituality, and faith (RSF) in social work. However, most of this research has been focused on the RSF of clients rather than on RSF of social workers themselves. This study used the Social Worker’s Integration of their Faith – Christian (SWIF-C; Author, 2019) to explore efforts by NACSW members (n = 486) to integrate their Christian faith and social work. Overall, participants reported high levels of faith and social work integration—with both faith and social work influencing the other—and also noted some experience of conflict in their effort to integrate their faith and social work. With a goal of developing sustained ethical and competent professional practice, the paper concludes with recommendations for helping students and supervisees integrate their own faith and social work.
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Lee, Cheryl D. "Social Work With Groups’ Practice Ethics and Standards." Research on Social Work Practice 28, no. 4 (June 21, 2016): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731516655456.
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Objective: The purpose of this research was to (a) learn how confident social work students were with social work with groups’ ethics and standards, (b) explore strengths and challenges, (c) examine if group work experience impacts results, and (d) discover if confidence improved when the International Association of Social Work with Groups (IASWG) Standards became required class reading. Method: Social work students ( n = 234) were given the Inventory of Foundation Competencies in Social Work with Groups (IC-SWG) at the beginning and end of 15-week group work classes. Descriptive statistics, analyses of variance, and t tests were conducted. Results: Students’ scores improved from pretest to posttest ( p = .000). They were confident in their ability to respect and highly value diversity (mean = 3.5/4) but were challenged employing special skills with and understanding dynamics of mandated clients (2.99/4). Conclusion: Incorporation of the IASWG Standards and group work experience were associated with greater competencies. The IC-SWG identified challenges that can be addressed in classrooms, field internships, and group work practice settings.
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Holosko, Michael J., Faye Mishna, John R. Graham, and Junior L. Allen. "Citation Impact Factors Among Faculty in Canadian Social Work Programs." Research on Social Work Practice 28, no. 5 (May 9, 2017): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731517707058.
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Purpose: We report impact data on faculty ( N = 454) working in 30 of Canada’s accredited social work programs during 2016. Method: Using the Publish or Perish website, faculty member’s h and g indices, and their most frequently cited articles published in the last decade were analyzed both individually and by school. Findings: (a) computed h scores were Ra 0.8–11.9, M = 4.4 and g scores were Ra 1.3–21.3, M = 7.7; (b) the top-ranked citation impact for programs were the University of Toronto, Dalhousie University, and the University of British Columbia; (c) larger programs had significantly higher citation impact for both h and g scores than smaller programs; (d) 17 (27%) of these authors had 10-year citation counts ranging from 176 to 666; and (e) their topics related to children/youth/adolescents (35%) and health care (35%). Discussion: Based on our work in this area, we offer some constructive recommendations to Canadian social work programs and faculty.
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Wittchen, H. U., M. Fuetsch, H. Sonntag, N. Müller, and M. Liebowitz. "Disability and quality of life in pure and comorbid social phobia. Findings from a controlled study." European Psychiatry 15, no. 1 (2000): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00211-x.
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SummarySocial phobia is increasingly recognized as a prevalent and socially impairing mental disorder. However, little data is available regarding the general and disease-specific impairments and disabilities associated with social phobia. Furthermore, most studies have not controlled for the confounding effects of comorbid conditions.This study investigates: (a) the generic quality of life; (b) work productivity; and, (c) various other disorder-specific social impairments in current cases with pure (n = 65), comorbid (n = 51) and subthreshold (n = 34) DSM-IV social phobia as compared to controls with no social phobia (subjects with a history of herpes infections).Social phobia cases reported a mean illness duration of 22.9 years with onset in childhood or adolescence. Current quality of life, as assessed by the SF-36, was significantly reduced in all social phobia groups, particularly in the scales measuring vitality, general health, mental health, role limitations due to emotional health, and social functioning. Comorbid cases revealed more severe reductions than pure and subthreshold social phobics. Findings from the Liebowitz self-rated disability scale indicated that: (a) social phobia affects most areas of life, but in particular education, career, and romantic relationship; (b) the presence of past and current comorbid conditions increases the frequency and severity of disease-specific impairments; and, (c) subthreshold social phobia revealed slightly lower overall impairments than comorbid social phobics. Past-week work productivity of social phobics was significantly diminished as indicated by: (a) a three-fold higher rate of unemployed cases; (b) elevated rates of work hours missed due to social phobia problems; and (c) a reduced work performance.Overall, these findings underline that social phobia in our sample of adults, whether comorbid, subthreshold, or pure was a persisting and impairing condition, resulting in considerable subjective suffering and negative impact on work performance and social relationships. The current disabilities and impairments were usually less pronounced than in the past, presumably due to adaptive behaviors in life style of the respondents. Data also confirmed that social phobia is poorly recognized and rarely treated by the mental health system.
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Wittchen, HU, M. Fuetsch, H. Sonntag, N. Müller, and M. Liebowitz. "Disability and quality of life in pure and comorbid social phobia – Findings from a controlled study." European Psychiatry 14, no. 3 (June 1999): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80729-9.
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SummarySocial phobia is increasingly recognized as a prevalent and socially impairing mental disorder. However, little data is available regarding the general and disease-specific impairments and disabilities associated with social phobia. Furthermore, most studies have not controlled for the confounding effects of comorbid conditions.This study investigates: (a) the generic quality of life; (b) work productivity; and, (c) various other disorder-specific social impairments in current cases with pure (n = 65), comorbid (n = 51) and subthreshold (n = 34) DSM-IIIR social phobia as compared to controls with no social phobia (subjects with a history of herpes infections).Social phobia cases reported a mean illness duration of 22.9 years with onset in childhood or adolescence. Current quality of life, as assessed by the SF-36, was significantly reduced in all social phobia groups, particularly in the scales measuring vitality, general health, mental health, role limitations due to emotional health, and social functioning. Comorbid cases revealed more severe reductions than pure and subthreshold social phobics. Findings from the Liebowitz self-rated disability scale indicated that: (a) social phobia affects most areas of life, but in particular education, career, and romantic relationship; (b) the presence of past and current comorbid conditions increases the frequency of disease-specific impairments; and, (c) subthreshold social phobia revealed slightly lower overall impairments than comorbid social phobics. Past week work productivity of social phobics was significantly diminished as indicated by: (a) a three-fold higher rate of unemployed cases; (b) elevated rates of work hours missed due to social phobia problems; and, (c) a reduced work performance.Overall, these findings underline that social phobia in our sample of adults, whether comorbid, subthreshold, or pure was a persisting and impairing condition, resulting in considerable subjective suffering and negative impact on work performance and social relationships. The current disabilities and impairments were usually less pronounced than in the past, presumably due to adaptive behaviors in life style of the respondents. Data also confirmed that social phobia is poorly recognized and rarely treated by the mental health system.
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Fernandez, Jessica C., and Joy N. Rumble. "Getting the Most out of Social Media: Successfully Using Social Media." EDIS 2015, no. 7 (October 9, 2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc222-2015.
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Agriculturalists can use social media as a powerful tool for marketing their products and establishing a brand identity. This 3-page EDIS publication, which focuses on describing successful ways in which an organization can use social media, is the third in the Getting the Most out of Social Media series. The goal of this series is to help agriculturalists understand how social media can work for them. The series also discusses the various social media platforms and how to use social media strategically and wisely. Written by Jessica C. Fernandez and Joy N. Rumble, and published by the UF Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, August 2015. (Photo credit: tanuha2001/iStock/Thinkstock.com)
AEC560/WC222: Getting the Most out of Social Media: Successfully Using Social Media (ufl.edu)
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Fernandez, Jessica C., and Joy N. Rumble. "Getting the Most out of Social Media: Creating a Social Media Plan." EDIS 2015, no. 7 (October 9, 2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc221-2015.
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Agriculturalists can use social media as a powerful tool for marketing their products and establishing a brand identity. This 3-page EDIS publication, which focuses on how to create a social media plan, is the second in the Getting the Most out of Social Media series. The goal of this series is to help agriculturalists understand how social media can work for them. The series also discusses the various social media platforms and how to use social media strategically and wisely. Written by Jessica C. Fernandez and Joy N. Rumble, and published by the UF Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, August 2015. (Photo credit: tanuha2001/iStock/Thinkstock.com)
AEC559/WC221: Getting the Most out of Social Media: Creating a Social Media Plan (ufl.edu)
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Fernandez, Jessica C., and Joy N. Rumble. "Getting the Most out of Social Media: What Is Social Media?" EDIS 2015, no. 7 (October 9, 2015): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc220-2015.
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Agriculturalists can use social media as a powerful tool for marketing their products and establishing a brand identity. This 3-page EDIS publication, which focuses on defining social media for agriculturalist and identifying the multiple platforms agriculturalist can use, is the first in the Getting the Most out of Social Media series. The goal of this series is to help agriculturalists understand how social media can work for them. The series also discusses the various social media platforms and how to use social media strategically and wisely. Written by Jessica C. Fernandez and Joy N. Rumble, and published by the UF Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, August 2015. (Photo credit: tanuha2001/iStock/Thinkstock.com)
AEC558/WC220: Getting the Most out of Social Media: What Is Social Media? (ufl.edu)
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Fernandez, Jessica C., and Joy N. Rumble. "Getting the Most out of Social Media: Good Practices When Using Social Media." EDIS 2015, no. 7 (October 9, 2015): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc223-2015.
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Agriculturalists can use social media as a powerful tool for marketing their products and establishing a brand identity. This 2-page EDIS publication, which focuses on identifying and defining good practices of social media, is the fourth in the Getting the Most out of Social Media series. The goal of this series is to help agriculturalists understand how social media can work for them. The series also discusses the various social media platforms and how to use social media strategically and wisely. Written by Jessica C. Fernandez and Joy N. Rumble, and published by the UF Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, August 2015. (Photo credit: tanuha2001/iStock/Thinkstock.com)
AEC561/WC223: Getting the Most out of Social Media: Strategic Practices When Using Social Media (ufl.edu)
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Green, Joseph P., and Eric W. Mohler. "The Death Effect in Literary Evaluation: Reverence for the Dead?" OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 68, no. 3 (May 2014): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.68.3.c.
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It is commonly believed that the value of art and other creative works increases after the death of the artist. In an attempt to examine this so-called death effect we presented a short story to N = 431 undergraduate students asking how much money they would hypothetically spend to purchase a literary work. We experimentally manipulated: 1) whether the author died or moved after publishing a short story, and, 2) the gender of the author. Participants randomly received one of four possible biographical descriptions about the author. We predicted that participants would offer higher purchase prices and subjectively evaluate the work more positively when they believed the author was dead. Results were consistent with this hypothesis perhaps reflecting a certain reverence for the dead. We also found that evaluations of the story were more favorable when the purported gender of the author matched that of the participant.
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Beckmann, Nadin, Damian P. Birney, Amirali Minbashian, and Jens F. Beckmann. "Personality dynamics at work: The effects of form, time, and context of variability." European Journal of Personality 35, no. 4 (May 27, 2021): 421–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08902070211017341.
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The study aimed to investigate the status of within-person state variability in neuroticism and conscientiousness as individual differences constructs by exploring their (a) temporal stability, (b) cross-context consistency, (c) empirical links to selected antecedents, and (d) empirical links to longer term trait variability. Employing a sample of professionals ( N = 346) from Australian organisations, personality state data together with situation appraisals were collected using experience sampling methodology in field and repeatedly in lab-like settings. Data on personality traits, cognitive ability, and motivational mindsets were collected at baseline and after two years. Contingent (situation contingencies) and non-contingent (relative SD) state variability indices were relatively stable over time and across contexts. Only a small number of predictive effects of state variability were observed, and these differed across contexts. Cognitive ability appeared to be associated with state variability under lab-like conditions. There was limited evidence of links between short-term state and long-term trait variability, except for a small effect for neuroticism. Some evidence of positive manifold was found for non-contingent variability. Systematic efforts are required to further elucidate the complex pattern of results regarding the antecedents, correlates and outcomes of individual differences in state variability.
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Fairbank, Eloïse J., Jennifer J. McGrath, Mélanie Henderson, Jennifer O’Loughlin, and Gilles Paradis. "Social support and C-reactive protein in a Québec population cohort of children and adolescents." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 22, 2022): e0268210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268210.
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Objective Robust evidence exists for the health-enhancing benefits of social support in adults. Inflammatory processes are thought to be an important mechanism linking social support and health risk. Less is known about the relation between social support and chronic inflammation during childhood and adolescence, or when the association emerges during the lifespan. Method Data from the population-representative 1999 Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social (QCAHS) survey were analyzed. Youth aged 9, 13, and 16 years (N = 3613) and their parents answered questions about social support. A subsample (n = 2186) completed a fasting blood draw that was assayed for C-reactive protein (CRP). Findings Higher social support was significantly associated with lower hs-CRPlog, after controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI Z-score), medication use, puberty, ethnoracial status (French-Canadian), smoking, household income, and parental education (F = 25.88, p = < .001, Total R2adj = 10.2%). The association was largely similar for boys and girls, and strengthened with age. Conclusion Greater social support was linked to lower chronic low-grade inflammation in a large sample of children and adolescents. Effect sizes were small and consistent with prior findings in the adult literature. Importantly, these findings provide evidence that the relation between social support and inflammation emerges early in the lifespan. Future work should consider broader, more encompassing conceptualizations of social support, the role of social media, and prospective trajectories of social support and inflammatory markers.
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Aghapour, Andrew Ali, Samuel Gates, and Michelle Robinson. "Chitlins and Dry Bones: A Conversation About the N-Word in Stand-Up Comedy." Studies in American Humor 8, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 252–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/studamerhumor.8.2.0252.
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ABSTRACT This conversation addresses the social meanings and aesthetic role of the N-word in stand-up comedy, where its power, utility, and relation to Blackness are hashed out in performances and in dialogues among artists. We turn our attention to stand-up comedy as a vital cultural space for deconstructing and repurposing the N-word. We discuss how the stand-up comedian, as a sociopolitical commentator who subverts audiences’ expectations and calibrates sets through ongoing exchanges with the audiences, uses humor to wrestle with discomfort surrounding the N-word. Our dialogue focuses on the work of Richard Pryor, Chris Rock, Dave Chappelle, Wanda Sykes, and Sam Jay, with some consideration of Louis C. K., George Carlin, and Hasan Minhaj. We make the case that to discuss the N-word in stand-up comedy is to engage with public understandings of Blackness and humanity.
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Opoku, Alex Akwasi, Godwin Osabutey, and Charles Kwofie. "Parameter Evaluation for a Statistical Mechanical Model for Binary Choice with Social Interaction." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2019 (March 4, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3435626.
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In this paper we use a statistical mechanical model as a paradigm for educational choices when the reference population is partitioned according to the socioeconomic attributes of gender and residence. We study how educational attainment is influenced by socioeconomic attributes of gender and residence for five selected developing countries. The model has a social and a private incentive part with coefficients measuring the influence individuals have on each other and the external influence on individuals, respectively. The methods of partial least squares and the ordinary least squares are, respectively, used to estimate the parameters of the interacting and the noninteracting models. This work differs from the previous work that motivated this work in the following sense: (a) the reference population is divided into subgroups with unequal subgroup sizes, (b) the proportion of individuals in each of the subgroups may depend on the population size N, and (c) the method of partial least squares is used for estimating the parameters of the model with social interaction as opposed to the least squares method used in the earlier work.
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Karmali, Shazya, Marie Denise Beaton, and Shelina Babul. "Outlining the Invisible: Experiences and Perspectives Regarding Concussion Recovery, Return-to-Work, and Resource Gaps." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 8204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138204.
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Appropriate supports and accommodations are necessary to ensure full concussion recovery and return-to-work (RTW). This research investigated barriers and facilitators to concussion recovery and RTW, and resource gaps reported by adults with concussion (‘workers’) and workplace and healthcare professionals (‘workplaces’). Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with workers (n = 31) and workplaces (n = 16) across British Columbia. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Facilitators to workers’ concussion recovery and RTW included treatment, social support, and workplace and lifestyle modifications. To address barriers, both groups recommended: (a) widespread concussion and RTW education and training (b) standardized concussion recovery guidelines; (c) changing attitudes toward concussion; (d) mental health supports; and (e) increasing awareness that every concussion is unique. Findings can inform best practice for concussion recovery and RTW among professionals in workplaces, healthcare, occupational health and safety, and workers’ compensation boards.
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Leschak, Carrianne J., Janine M. Dutcher, Kate E. Byrne Haltom, Elizabeth C. Breen, Julienne E. Bower, and Naomi I. Eisenberger. "Associations between amygdala reactivity to social threat, perceived stress and C-reactive protein in breast cancer survivors." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 10 (February 10, 2020): 1056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz103.
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Abstract Chronic inflammation in women diagnosed with breast cancer is critically linked with tumor progression, metastasis and survival. C-reactive protein (CRP)—a circulating marker of inflammation—is an important prognostic marker for cancer-related outcomes in breast cancer survivors (e.g. recurrence, fatigue). Psychological stress, which increases circulating markers of inflammation following sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, may modulate tumor-relevant inflammatory processes. However, little is known about neural mechanisms that might link stress and downstream SNS-initiated proinflammatory processes, such as elevated CRP. Past work suggests that threat-related neural regions, such as the amygdala, may be key in translating psychological stress into SNS activity and subsequent peripheral inflammation. Thus, we examined amygdala reactivity to socially threatening stimuli in association with perceived stress and plasma CRP levels to further elucidate neuro-immune pathways of social threat processing within breast cancer survivors (N = 37). Significant positive correlations were found between left amygdala reactivity in response to socially threatening stimuli (e.g. angry/fearful faces vs happy faces) and perceived stress in the previous month (r = 0.32, P = 0.025) and between left amygdala reactivity and CRP (r = 0.33, P = 0.025). This work builds on prior research implicating the amygdala as a key structure in crosstalk between threat-related neural circuitries and peripheral inflammation, particularly within cancer survivors.
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Wilks, Scott E., Sarah Choate, Danielle Eugene, and Xi Du. "PSYCHOMETRIC APPRAISAL OF THE GERIATRIC SOCIAL WORK COMPETENCY SCALE II WITH LIFELONG LEADERSHIP SKILLS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1858.
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Abstract The Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) Gero-Ed Center and Hartford Partnership Program in Aging Education (HPPAE) emphasize five competency areas specific to social work practice with older adult clientele (i.e., gero social work), namely knowledge and skills applicable to (a) values, ethics and theories; (b) assessment; (c) intervention; (d) aging programs, services and policies; and (e) leadership in aging environments. Accordingly, CSWE/HPPAE created a standardized measure – Geriatric Social Work Competency Scale II with Life-long Leadership Skills (GSWCS II) – to assess empirically these practice competencies among social work students and gero social work practitioners. A scant amount of literature exists that reports properties of this measure. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to conduct a psychometric examination of the GSWCS II, namely its factor structure and reliability among the competency areas. The sample consisted of three, advanced year MSW cohorts (N=170) from a state flagship university in the southern United States. Almost one-third of the sample were enrolled in a gerontology specialization during their advanced year. The typical participant was a 27-year-old female enrolled full time, completing the 60-credit hour MSW program. Principal axis factor results indicated unidimensionality, using the traditional 1.0 eigenvalue threshold, for each competency scale. All items loaded moderately-to-strongly on their respective competency scales; loadings ranged from 0.569 to 0.906. Regarding internal consistency for each of the competency scales, Cronbach’s alphas ranged from 0.932 to 0.959; Guttman split-half coefficients (lambda-4) ranged from 0.896 to .941. Implications for gero practice competency assessment are discussed.
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Tomlinson, B. R. "The Historical Roots of Indian Poverty: Issues in the Economic and Social History of Modern South Asia: 1880–1960." Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 1 (February 1988): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009434.
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Study of the economic and social history of modern mainland South Asia—covering present-day India, Pakistan and Bangla Desh over roughly the last hundred years—has been a major academic growth industry since the 1960s. The result has been a bulky and disparate corpus of work, spinning off in many directions and adopting increasingly inter-disciplinary approaches, with historians borrowing from, informing, and interacting with anthropologists, sociologists, and economists among others. The sheer volume of recent research is impressive. One survey of empirical work on the nineteenth century (N. C. Charlesworth, The Indian Economy under British Rule, 1800–1914, London, 1983) lists over 150 titles, more than half of them published in the 1970s; another discussion of conceptual material available for the study of Indian economic growth and development in an historical context has over 100 footnote references, and an appendix listing 109 further relevant works published between 1979 and 1984.
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Curenton, Stephanie M., Jocelyn Elise Crowley, and Dawne M. Mouzon. "Qualitative Descriptions of Middle-Class, African American Mothers’ Child-Rearing Practices and Values." Journal of Family Issues 39, no. 4 (December 19, 2016): 868–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x16683984.
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During qualitative phone interviews, middle-class, mostly married African American mothers ( N = 25) describe their child-rearing responsibilities, practices, and values. They explain (a) why they decided to stay home or take work leave to attend to child rearing, (b) how they divided child-rearing responsibilities with their husbands/romantic partners, (c) whether they faced unique parenting challenges raising African American children, and (d) whether they identified as feminists. Responses revealed the decision to stay home or take work leave comprised values about gender roles, concerns about the cost and/or quality of child care, and the availability of family-friendly workplace policies. Most couples shared child-rearing responsibilities, although mothers admit to doing more. Their unique parenting challenge was protecting their children from racism, stereotyping, and discrimination. Only one third of the mothers identified as being feminists. These results have implications for furthering our knowledge about African American coparenting from a positive, strength-based perspective.
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Liang, Yuhua (Jake), and Kerk F. Kee. "Developing and validating the A-B-C framework of information diffusion on social media." New Media & Society 20, no. 1 (August 4, 2016): 272–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661552.
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This research addresses the problem of promoting information diffusion, the extent to which information spreads, on social media platforms. Utilizing the number of views, comments, and shares as indicators of diffusion, we developed and validated an original research framework based on the big data approach (using all the blog posts in a university in the year 2013; N = 4120). This A-B-C framework (1) analyzes the textual features of blog posts using linguistic inquiry and word count (Study 1), (2) applies the former results to build message concepts (Study 2), and (3) creates validated instructional material based on message concepts to promote message diffusion among blog readers (Study 3). This framework supports operational strategies for developing strategic and corporate communication material aimed at increasing diffusion.
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Barone, David F. "Introduction to Symposium on Constructing Self with Others." Review of General Psychology 1, no. 4 (December 1997): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.1.4.323.
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The notion that the self is interpersonally embedded can be found throughout psychology's history. This article presents convergent work from different areas of contemporary psychology that supports and elaborates this notion. M. Baldwin's (1997) experimental work in social cognition demonstrates that self-evaluation varies with the relational schema that is activated. C. R. Snyder and R. L. Higgins (1997) present a social–cognitive personality theory of how people maintain their self theories to satisfy internal and external audiences. S. J. Blatt, J. S. Auerbach, and K. N. Levy's (1997) object-relations theory of the role of mental representations of self and others in psychopathology is supported by research that changes in these representations are associated with improvement in psychotherapy. J. Martin and J. Sugarman's (1997) social–cognitive theory of counseling and psychotherapy as conversational reconstructions of self theories also has research support and raises the issue of whether the self is agentic if socially constructed.
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Noriega-Fernández, Estefanía, Izumi Sone, Leire Astráin-Redín, Leena Prabhu, Morten Sivertsvik, Ignacio Álvarez, and Guillermo Cebrián. "Innovative Ultrasound-Assisted Approaches towards Reduction of Heavy Metals and Iodine in Macroalgal Biomass." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030649.
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The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of ultrasound (US), alone or in combination with mild heating and/or EDTA towards reduction of As, Cd, I, and Hg content of Laminaria hyperborea. Concentrations of As, Cd, I, and Hg of 56.29, 0.596, 7340, and <0.01 mg kg−1 of dry weight, respectively, were found in L. hyperborea blades. Treatment with US at 50 °C increased approx. 2-fold the amount of As released, although did not affect significantly the content of Cd or I, as compared to control (no US) samples. Reducing the temperature to 8 °C significantly decreased the effect of US, but heating at 80 °C did not cause a significant effect as compared to treatments at 50 °C. On the other hand, treatment with 0.1 N EDTA at 50 °C enhanced the percentage of Cd released by approximately 7-fold, regardless of sonication. In the present work, the combination of US and EDTA at 50 °C for 5 min led to a significant reduction of the As (32%), Cd (52%) and I (31%) content in L. hyperborea, thus improving the product’s safety for consumers.
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Steffens, Niklas K., S. Alexander Haslam, Sebastian C. Schuh, Jolanda Jetten, and Rolf van Dick. "A Meta-Analytic Review of Social Identification and Health in Organizational Contexts." Personality and Social Psychology Review 21, no. 4 (July 7, 2016): 303–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868316656701.
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We provide a meta-analytical review examining two decades of work on the relationship between individuals’ social identifications and health in organizations (102 effect sizes, k = 58, N = 19,799). Results reveal a mean-weighted positive association between organizational identification and health ( r = .21, T = .14). Analysis identified a positive relationship for both workgroup ( r = .21) and organizational identification ( r = .21), and in studies using longitudinal/experimental ( r = .13) and cross-sectional designs ( r = .22). The relationship is stronger (a) for indicators of the presence of well-being ( r = .27) than absence of stress ( r = .18), (b) for psychological ( r = .23) than physical health ( r = .16), (c) to the extent that identification is shared among group members, and (d) as the proportion of female participants in a sample decreases. Overall, results indicate that social identifications in organizations are positively associated with health but that there is also substantial variation in effect size strength. We discuss implications for theory and practice and outline a roadmap for future research.
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Harrell Stigler, Melissa, Cheryl L. Perry, Derek Smolenski, Monika Arora, and K. Srinath Reddy. "A Mediation Analysis of a Tobacco Prevention Program for Adolescents in India: How Did Project MYTRI Work?" Health Education & Behavior 38, no. 3 (March 16, 2011): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198110372330.
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This article presents the results of a mediation analysis of Project MYTRI (Mobilizing Youth for Tobacco Related Initiatives in India), a randomized, controlled trial of a multiple-component, school-based tobacco prevention program for sixth- to ninth-graders ( n = 14,085) in Delhi and Chennai, India. A mediation analysis identifies how an intervention achieves its effects. In MYTRI, changes in students’ (a) knowledge about the negative health effects of tobacco, (b) beliefs about its social consequences, (c) reasons to use tobacco, (d) reasons not to use tobacco, (e) advocacy skills self-efficacy, and (f) normative beliefs about tobacco use were significantly associated with reductions in students’ intentions to use tobacco and tobacco use behaviors. In contrast, changes in students’ perceptions of the prevalence of smoking and chewing tobacco were significantly related to increases in students’ intentions to use and use of tobacco. Implications for intervention design are considered.
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Brand, Chris R. "Open to experience—closed to intelligence: Why the ‘Big Five’ are really the ‘Comprehensive Six’." European Journal of Personality 8, no. 4 (November 1994): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080407.
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The quasi‐consensual ‘Big Five’ personality variables of the Five Factor Model (FFM) have typically been advanced and welcomed as dimensions that are purely orectic. By contrast, people's differences in general intelligence (g) are held to exist in some separate, noetic, cognitive ‘domain’. However, the exclusion of g from the realm of personality cannot be sustained either theoretically or empirically. The FFM's ‘fifth’ dimension (whether called Intellect (from lexical studies) or Openness (from questionnaire studies)) would be substantially correlated with g in the general population—across a normal population range of IQ and Mental Age. FFM fifth factors are thus loaded too highly by aesthetic, cultural, and theoretical interests, while qualities of tender‐mindedness, sympathy, and trust are displaced to load on the Agreeableness dimension. FFM Agreeableness thus becomes highly value‐loaded: it literally pits ‘love’, ‘empathy’, and ‘co‐operation’ against ‘aggression’, ‘autonomy’ and ‘competition’. No such simple contrast is viable. Social theorists as varied as Adam Smith, Freud, Adler, and Lorenz have all rejected the option. No fewer than six major, independent dimensions of personality require recognition. These ‘Comprehensive Six’ are (g), neuroticism/emotionality (n), energy/extraversion (e), conscientiousness/control (c), will/independence (w), and affection/pathemia (a). These are essentially the same as those recovered most often in the work of Cattell, so they furnish a six‐dimensional model (SDM) having a long track record of cross‐cultural validation. Several look interpretable in terms of basic Freudian concepts; and, in the terms of folk psychology, the SDM's ‘Comprehensive Six’ might be considered to reflect individual differences in the qualities of the mind (g), the heart (n), the soul (a), the spirit (e), the will (w), and the conscience (c).
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Bagley, Christopher, Mahmoud Abubaker, and Alice Sawyerr. "Personality, Work-Life Balance, Hardiness, and Vocation: A Typology of Nurses and Nursing Values in a Special Sample of English Hospital Nurses." Administrative Sciences 8, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci8040079.
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This initial report of a longitudinal study of 192 English hospital nurses measured Nursing Values (the 6Cs of nursing); Personality, Self-Esteem and Depression; Burnout Potential; Work-Life Balance Stress; “Hardy Personality”; and Intention to Leave Nursing. Correlational, component, and cluster analysis identified four groups: “The Soldiers” (N = 79), with medium scores on most measures, who bravely “soldier on” in their nursing roles, in the face of numerous financial cuts to the National Health Service, and worsening nurse–patient ratios; “Cheerful Professionals” (N = 54), coping successfully with nursing roles, and a variety of challenges, in upwardly mobile careers; “High Achievers” (N = 39), senior nurses with strong profiles of a “hardy personality”, and commitment to fundamental nursing values; and “Highly Stressed, Potential Leavers” (N = 20), with indicators of significant psychological distress, and difficulty in coping with nursing role challenges. We have initiated a program of co-counselling and social support for this distressed group, by nurses who are coping more successfully with multiple challenges. We discuss the role of nurse educators in fostering nursing values, developing and supporting a “hardy personality” and emotional resilience in recruits to nursing. This study is framed within the disciplinary approach of Critical Realism, which identifies the value basis for research and dialogue in developing strategies for social change. The importance of this research is that: (a) it is part of the new thrust in nursing research, applying Critical Realist theory and methodology to research on nursing stress; (b) it has established, through network sampling, a group of nurses who can be supportive of each other in their stressful careers; (c) it establishes the reliability and potential validity of a measure of core nursing values; (d) it is among the first studies in research on nursing stress, to use the humanizing methodology of moving from data analysis (description of “things”), to describing a typology of nursing stress and career progress (description of individuals).
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Athamanah, Lindsay S., Marisa H. Fisher, Connie Sung, and Jinny E. Han. "The Experiences and Perceptions of College Peer Mentors Interacting with Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities." Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities 45, no. 4 (September 10, 2020): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1540796920953826.
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Peer mentoring programs provide an opportunity for individuals with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to learn, socialize, and work together in supportive and inclusive environments. In this study, we used a phenomenological research design to explore the impact of a college campus-based peer mentoring program on the experiences and perceptions of participating college peer mentors ( n = 13) toward high school students with IDD who were enrolled in a school-to-work transition program housed on campus. Using thematic analysis across four different data sources, we identified three main themes that peer mentors discussed based on their experiences in the program: (a) mentors’ personal development: constructing meaning of self, (b) mentee growth: perceived work and social impact, and (c) campus community benefits: normalizing disability. Peer mentors reported their own attitudes toward individuals with IDD were changed based on participating in the peer mentoring program and they observed improvements in their mentees’ personal and work-related social relationships. We discuss how these outcomes have impacted the peer mentors’ attitudes, career choices, and lives in general. We also provide implications for future research and practice regarding development and implementation of peer mentoring programs in the community.
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Henrikson, Nora B. "Experiences of social scientists in health research settings: SBM Leadership Institute." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 4 (August 2020): 902–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa065.
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Abstract The Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) Leadership Institute provides leadership training for mid-career behavioral medicine scientists. As an institute fellow, I explored the experiences of social scientists working in healthcare settings. Exploratory research to describe the experiences, barriers, and facilitators social scientists face working in a healthcare delivery and research system. Our research questions were exploratory, focused on understanding (a) the experiences of social scientists working in a healthcare delivery and research system, (b) barriers that social scientists face working in a healthcare delivery and research system, (c) perceived value of sociological and anthropologic methods to clinicians and other health researchers, and (4) to understand the landscape of organizational models that feature social scientists as part of a larger scientific enterprise. We developed a plan for needs assessment activities. We conducted a design workshop of social scientists (n = 11). Using human-centered design methods, we elicited experiences and asked participants to develop a prototype model where social scientists could find career fulfillment with minimal structural barriers. We found that social scientists feel a strong sense of pride in their social science training and passion for the work they do. They reported occupying multiple disciplines at once, including multiple promotion and reputational expectations. Participants commonly reported that they themselves, as well as collaborators, viewed social science work, particularly qualitative research, as supplemental to quantitative work. Participants described perceptions that social science research is less rigorous or requires less training compared with other disciplines. Participants identified several contextual factors that influenced the perceived value of social science research in healthcare, including the focus of external funding priorities on larger clinical questions, organizational structure, and tangible leadership support of social science. The SBM Leadership Institute created a space for preliminary research into an area that could improve the experiences and research impact of social and behavioral scientists.
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Magnusson, Eva. ""Jag har faktiskt aldrig lidit av att vara kvinna"." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 17, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v17i1.4750.
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Where g e n d e r and equality at work are concerned, one cannot always trust one's senses or one's speech as a female worker. It is o lien very unclear whether events are "actually" discrimination or just accidents, or perhaps due to personal shortcomings in oneself. Discursive domination niay make an u n d e r s t a n d i n g of events in terms of subordination processes less likely to prevail for a woman, in spite of r e p e a t e d occurrences of these events and temporary interpretations. A dominant frame of r e f e r e n c e - the "normal" or g e n d e r neutral - may be stronger because of its support in language, struetures and social surroundings. This affects the stories women tell about life at work, in that these different frames of i n t e r p r e t a t i o n can be seen to give rise to competing and oscillating personal interpretations of situations a n d events. Using a discursive psychological approach, interview talk by female civil servants was in this artiele analyzed for inconsistencies and contradictions concerning gender equality in the workplace. The pattern which was discovered was i n t e r p r e t e d in terms of ludden gender strueturing of organizations and the way such processes become represented in language.
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BROOK, J. S., R. E. ADAMS, E. B. BALKA, and E. JOHNSON. "Early adolescent marijuana use: risks for the transition to young adulthood." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 1 (January 2002): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701004809.
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Background. This study assessed the relationship of early adolescent marijuana use to performance of developmental tasks integral to the transition to young adulthood. The tasks concerned intimacy, education, and work and social conformity.Methods. African American (N = 617) and Puerto Rican (N = 531) youths completed questionnaires in their classrooms. Five years later they were individually interviewed. Logistic regression analysis estimated the increased likelihood that early marijuana users would make an inadequate transition to young adult social roles.Results. Analyses examining the association between early marijuana use and 20 outcome variables found significant relationships for 10 of them: (a) having lower educational and occupational expectations; (b) being suspended or expelled from school, fired from jobs, ‘high’ at school or work, collecting welfare; and (c) rebelliousness, not participating in productive activities, not attending church, and being an unmarried parent. Marijuana use was not related to any of the intimate relationship measures. These finding emerged with controls on gender, ethnicity, age and mother's education. Conclusions. Among African Americans and Puerto Ricans, early marijuana use predicts less adequate performance on some developmental tasks integral to becoming an independent young adult. Marijuana is not a benign drug and is associated with future risks for the individual and society at large.
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Thielking, Monica, and Shane R. Jimerson. "Perspectives Regarding the Role of School Psychologists: Perceptions of Teachers, Principals, and School Psychologists in Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.16.2.211.
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AbstractSchool psychologists have a unique and multifaceted role within schools and must work with a variety of stakeholders. Therefore, it is important to explore and understand the perspectives of other educational professionals regarding the roles of school psychologists. This study examined the perspectives of principals (N = 21), teachers (N = 86), and school psychologists (N = 81) regarding what they believe should be the role of school psychologists. Participants were working in Catholic, Independent, and Government primary and secondary schools across Victoria, Australia. Results revealed both similarities and differences between the three groups regarding perspectives about school psychologists' role. For instance, the three groups shared similar perspectives that school psychologists should: (a) conduct research on issues relevant to the school, (b) be up-to-date on relevant research, (c) conduct psychological assessments, (d) provide counselling to students, (e) organise group programs for students, (f) organise workshops and provide information to teachers on issues of students' welfare and (g) inform primary students' parents of their child's participation in counselling. However, the three groups also differed in their perspectives about some aspects of the school psychologists' role. It was notable that each of the differences in perceptions between the groups had implications for potential ethical dilemmas, for instance: (a) boundaries, (b) dual relationship, (c) confidentiality/who is the client? and (d) informed consent. Implications for practice and scholarship in the field of school psychology are discussed.
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Arnetz, Judith E., Laurie Fitzpatrick, Shelia R. Cotten, Christine Jodoin, and Chu-Hsiang (Daisy) Chang. "Workplace Bullying Among Nurses: Developing a Model for Intervention." Violence and Victims 34, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 346–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-17-00211.
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Workplace bullying is endemic to the nursing profession and it threatens nurses' health and ability to work safely. However, effective interventions to prevent workplace bullying are lacking. A sample of hospital nurses (n = 15) explored experiences of bullying and ideas for intervention via four focus groups in 2016. Four main themes emerged from the qualitative content analysis: (a) characteristics that define bullying behavior; (b) facilitators of bullying; (c) consequences of bullying; and (d) possible interventions. Although personal characteristics played a role, bullying was primarily facilitated by workplace and organizational factors that hindered the establishment of collegiality and team trust among nurses. Findings have informed a conceptual model for prevention of nurse-to-nurse bullying with ethical leadership and communication, trust, and social cohesion in work teams as key elements.
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Bradley, Natasha, Mari Lloyd-Williams, and Chris Dowrick. "8 How do hospices facilitate social support?" BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 8, no. 3 (September 2018): 362.3–363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-mariecurie.8.
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IntroductionSocial isolation is increasing with negative consequences for both physical and mental health. People with life-limiting illness and their carers are at risk of inadequate social support and loneliness.Hospices support social wellbeing with services including traditional day care support groups befriending multi-component interventions and community activities. Existing research suggests that access to social support is highly valued. However models of support used in practice are poorly documented and outcomes difficult to ascertain. The significance of social support in palliative care is under-researched.AimTo establish an overview of hospice service models that facilitate social support for adults living in the community with life-limiting illness.MethodAn online survey was developed piloted and disseminated to adult hospices in the UK and ROI. Questions include hospice characteristics provision of services facilitating social support access issues use of patient outcomes and availability of cost data.Results107 hospices responded to the survey (>50% of eligible hospices). A diverse range of service models were identified. Preliminary results presented include: descriptive statistics of the sample categories and aims of services and salient access issues. Implications of findings for research and economic evaluation are discussed.ConclusionThis survey demonstrates hospices to be interested and active in facilitating social support. It is possible that increasingly diverse approaches used in practice may improve issues regarding access to and awareness of hospice care. More work is needed to share best practice document outcomes and consider cost-effectiveness.Reference. Bradley N, Lloyd-Williams M, Dowrick C. Effectiveness of palliative care interventions offering social support to people with life-limiting illness – A systematic review. Eur J Cancer Care2018. doi:10.1111/ecc.12837
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Kane, Michael N. "Correlates of MSW Students’ Perceptions of Preparedness to Manage Risk and Personal Liability." Advances in Social Work 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2002): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/35.
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Few studies in the discipline of social work have identified correlates of preparedness to manage risk and personal liability among practitioners or students. This study investigated predictors of MSW students’ perceptions of managing personal risk and liability (N=116). Four correlates were identified from the standard regression model that accounts for 43% of the adjusted variance. These predictor variables included: (a) concern and worry about lawsuits (Beta=-.458, p=.00), (b) understanding the fit between client advocacy and managed care (Beta=.328,p=.00), (c) understanding agency documentation requirements (Beta=-.164, p=.05), and (d) perceptions of field preparation for documentation (Beta=.162, p=.05). Implications are discussed.
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Rowan, Noell L., Stephanie D. Smith, Tamatha Arms, and Kris L. Hohn. "IMPROVING HEALTH CARE OF LGBT OLDER ADULTS: INTERDISCIPLINARY PROJECT ENHANCES HEALTH OUTCOMES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2719.
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Abstract To date, there is a dearth of interdisciplinary simulation education and research that involves LGBT older adults within schools of social work and nursing. The purpose of this mixed method study was to examine the use of an intervention among social work and nursing students to determine if lecture and simulations impacted their health-related knowledge and cultural sensitivity/awareness of health provisions with LGBT older adults. Interprofessional faculty created lecture and interdisciplinary simulations with actual members of the older LGBT communities using simulation clinic/lab and health care scenarios. An adapted survey with permission from Grubb et al (2013) was used to include quantitative and qualitative measures of cultural awareness with LGBT populations. Pre-Post test data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Models in SAS software. Results indicated that the intervention positively changed perceptions and increased knowledge among (N=90; 32 social work; 58 nursing) allied health students. Statistically significant change experiences in their work with LGBT individuals were noted to positively alter their beliefs about sexuality, gender identity, and sexual development (Agree to Strongly Agree, X2(1)=26.51, p<0.001). Qualitative findings include four primary themes about how gender identity and sexual orientation influences health: (a) bias of health care providers, (b) access to quality care, (c) specific health care needs, and (d) health risks of LGBT older adults. As older adults continue to be the largest population needing health care, it is imperative that professionals are trained to give culturally sensitive health care and demonstrate this competency in their practice and interpersonal interactions with clients.
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Vandeleest, Jessica J., Brianne A. Beisner, Darcy L. Hannibal, Amy C. Nathman, John P. Capitanio, Fushing Hsieh, Edward R. Atwill, and Brenda McCowan. "Decoupling social status and status certainty effects on health in macaques: a network approach." PeerJ 4 (September 13, 2016): e2394. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2394.
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BackgroundAlthough a wealth of literature points to the importance of social factors on health, a detailed understanding of the complex interplay between social and biological systems is lacking. Social status is one aspect of social life that is made up of multiple structural (humans: income, education; animals: mating system, dominance rank) and relational components (perceived social status, dominance interactions). In a nonhuman primate model we use novel network techniques to decouple two components of social status, dominance rank (a commonly used measure of social status in animal models) and dominance certainty (the relative certainty vs. ambiguity of an individual’s status), allowing for a more complex examination of how social status impacts health.MethodsBehavioral observations were conducted on three outdoor captive groups of rhesus macaques (N = 252 subjects). Subjects’ general physical health (diarrhea) was assessed twice weekly, and blood was drawn once to assess biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP)).ResultsDominance rank alone did not fully account for the complex way that social status exerted its effect on health. Instead, dominance certainty modified the impact of rank on biomarkers of inflammation. Specifically, high-ranked animals with more ambiguous status relationships had higher levels of inflammation than low-ranked animals, whereas little effect of rank was seen for animals with more certain status relationships. The impact of status on physical health was more straightforward: individuals with more ambiguous status relationships had more frequent diarrhea; there was marginal evidence that high-ranked animals had less frequent diarrhea.DiscussionSocial status has a complex and multi-faceted impact on individual health. Our work suggests an important role of uncertainty in one’s social status in status-health research. This work also suggests that in order to fully explore the mechanisms for how social life influences health, more complex metrics of social systems and their dynamics are needed.
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Hung, Lillian, Ellen Guo, Mariko Sakamoto, Karen Lok, Yi Wong, Candy Tran, Jim Mann, Annette Berndt, and Eva Egeberg. "THE WHATMATTERS APP: CO-DESIGNING PERSON-CENTERED CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA IN CARE SETTINGS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 768–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2784.
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Abstract The purpose of our study is to provide comfort through digital resources (e.g., music and visual materials) for patients/residents with dementia in hospitals and long-term care. By working with users (patients/residents, families, and staff) and using a co-design approach, we have developed a mobile app prototype called “WhatMatters” to equip staff with a useful digital tool for delivering person-centered care in hospitals and long-term care homes. Using user experience co-design methods, we conducted a series of virtual co-design workshops with acute and long-term care staff (n=10), clinical experts (n=3), residents (n=3), and patient and family partners (n=7) to understand: (a) what “comfort” means, (b) how care needs are communicated and provided for, and (c) how a mobile app may be used to support psychosocial needs of people living with dementia in hospital and long-term care settings. Thematic analysis has identified three themes to inform the development of the mobile app WhatMatters: (a) familiarity brings comfort, (b) sharing of information between staff and families allows for continuity of care and person-centered care, and (c) accessible and curated content can evoke memories and create a comforting space. Our study conclusions are: It is feasible and necessary to work with users (including clinical staff, patient, and family partners) and relevant stakeholders to co-design a mobile app, a useful tool to support the delivery of person-centered care in care settings.
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Rowan, Noell, Stephanie Smith, Tamatha Arms, and Kris Hohn. "Improving Respect and Dignity of Older Lesbian Adults: Interprofessional Approaches for Specialized Care." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2069.
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Abstract Interprofessional research pertaining to LGBTQ older adult cultural sensitivity training for social workers and nurses is often missing in the empirical literature. Members of the LGBTQ communities become increasingly vulnerable to health disparities as they age and treating clients with respect and dignity is at the forefront of this study. Students and faculty engaged in an interprofessional simulation project with older members of the LGBTQ community to learn health knowledge and applied assessment and brief intervention skills. Quantitative findings (N=58; 23 social work; 35 nursing) indicated increased student health knowledge. Reflection and qualitative findings are included with four primary themes: (a) bias of health care providers, (b) access to quality care, (c) specific health care needs, and (d) health risks of LGBTQ older adults. Specific emphasis is given to reflection and insight of the older lesbian participants about access to care, recognition of significant relationships, and marriage equality.
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Schubel, Laura C., Mandi L. Pratt-Chapman, Teletia Taylor, Robin A. Littlejohn, Andrea J. Lopez, Judith Lee Smith, Susan Sabatino, et al. "Abstract B031: Preferences for social risk factor screening among breast and prostate cancer survivors in the Washington DC region: A qualitative study." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): B031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-b031.
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Abstract Despite improvements in cancer outcomes over time, significant disparities remain between Black and White cancer survivors. Medical care is estimated to account for 10-20% of health outcomes, while other modifiable factors explain as much as 80-90% of outcomes. These disparities may thus be driven by multiple factors including social determinants of health, differences in treatment or follow up, or attitudes and behaviors of care teams. As part of a larger project, we conducted a qualitative study to understand cancer survivor preferences for and experiences with social needs screening and referrals. The results of this assessment will inform the delivery of social risk screening for breast and prostate cancer survivors in the multi-site study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in English between March and April 2022 with breast and prostate cancer survivors from two cancer institutes in Washington DC. Patients were purposively recruited to ensure diversity in age, race, and cancer stage (I-III). Each interview lasted 60 minutes. Transcripts were reviewed for consensus and preferences for social needs screening. Thirteen survivors participated in the interviews. Participants were mostly breast cancer survivors (n=10), African American (n=6), were equal in stages I and II at time of diagnosis (n=5), and ranged in age from 34 to 81 with a median age of 64. Most patients (n=7) did not report social needs screening during their treatment, though all patients welcomed having these conversations with their care team. The majority of patients (n=9) desired face-to-face conversations as opposed to on paper (n=1) or through the patient portal (n=1). Similarly, most patients (n=7) did not mind who on their care team held the conversations. There was difference in opinion on how often social needs should be discussed, with four participants suggesting every appointment to another patient suggesting once at diagnosis. When asked about the needs patients experienced during treatment, food insecurity and nutrition were most cited (n=6), followed by transportation (n=4) and emotional resources (n=4). Only one patient reported not desiring social needs referrals during treatment. Other avenues for seeking out social resources included self-initiated research online or through books (n=2), and another patient described utilizing their local church (n=1). Finally, patients also spoke about challenges in receiving treatment and transitioning to survivorship due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including hospital staff turnover and care team inconsistency (n=1), bringing loved ones to appointments (n=1), and transportation challenges for individuals who relied on public transport to and from the clinic (n=1). This research reveals important insight to the perspective on social needs screening among a group of breast and prostate cancer survivors in the Washington DC region and highlights the ways in which patients have experienced and desire screening for social needs. In future work we will expand the number of interviews and apply these findings into practice. Citation Format: Laura C. Schubel, Mandi L. Pratt-Chapman, Teletia Taylor, Robin A. Littlejohn, Andrea J. Lopez, Judith Lee Smith, Susan Sabatino, Arica White, Joseph Astorino, Bryan O. Buckley, Christopher King, Hannah Arem. Preferences for social risk factor screening among breast and prostate cancer survivors in the Washington DC region: A qualitative study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B031.
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Adam-Bagley, Christopher, Alice Sawyerr, and Mahmoud Abubaker. "Psychological Profiles of Successful Career Nurses: Implications for Managerial Psychology in an Era of Covid Challenge." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.2.829.
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We present findings from a 2020 follow-up study of 159 senior hospital nurses involved in the front-line care of COVID patients in urban centres in Northern England, prior to the “second wave” of COVID patients in November 2020. In 2020 further measures of adjustment stress (including PTSD), and self-actualization were added to earlier measures of personality adjustment, work-life stress, and career intention. Principal component and cluster analyses identified 3 main types in the 2020 follow-up cohort: A ‘Actualizing Professionals’; (N=59); B ‘Strong Professionals’ (N=55); C ‘Highly Stressed Nurses’ (N=30). The research model driving this research is that of Critical Realism which identifies the process of morphogenesis which creates a constructive dialogue for social change on behalf of nurses, who faced almost overwhelming stress in caring for COVID patients. We have identified two types of dedicated nurses with a hardy personality style which has helped them face severe stress in emerging as psychologically strong, self-actualizing individuals. These psychological profiles have implications for understanding and supporting women in a wider range of professional and managerial roles.
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Dolberg, Pnina, Margalit Goldfracht, Khaled Karkabi, Igor Bleichman, Silvia Fleischmann, and Liat Ayalon. "Knowledge and attitudes about mental health among older immigrants from the former Soviet Union to Israel and their primary care physicians." Transcultural Psychiatry 56, no. 1 (August 9, 2018): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461518794233.
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Previous studies have documented a high prevalence of psychological distress and mental illness among older immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU) in Israel. Yet, this population rarely seeks help from mental health providers. The present study aimed to identify beliefs and attitudes about depression and anxiety among older immigrants from the FSU treated in primary care, and among their primary care physicians, who were also FSU immigrants. The study used focus group (FG) interviews with primary care patients (n = 12) and physicians (n = 23). The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using open thematic coding. Three main themes were identified: a) avoidance of discussion of mental health and stigma regarding mental illness; b) expectations to control one's mental state; and c) limited opportunities to acquire knowledge about Western mental health. Primary care physicians recognized the barriers facing their older immigrant patients concerning mental health diagnosis and treatment. Yet, due to work overload, their ability to assist older immigrants was limited. The findings suggest that older immigrants from the FSU might benefit from mental health information and exchange of ideas about Western mental health.
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Rees, Charlotte E., Sarah L. Lee, Eve Huang, Charlotte Denniston, Vicki Edouard, Kirsty Pope, Keith Sutton, Susan Waller, Bernadette Ward, and Claire Palermo. "Supervision training in healthcare: a realist synthesis." Advances in Health Sciences Education 25, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 523–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10459-019-09937-x.
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Abstract Supervision matters: it serves educational, supportive and management functions. Despite a plethora of evidence on the effectiveness of supervision, scant evidence for the impact of supervision training exists. While three previous literature reviews have begun to examine the effectiveness of supervision training, they fail to explore the extent to which supervision training works, for whom, and why. We adopted a realist approach to answer the question: to what extent do supervision training interventions work (or not), for whom and in what circumstances, and why? We conducted a team-based realist synthesis of the supervision training literature focusing on Pawson’s five stages: (1) clarifying the scope; (2) determining the search strategy; (3) study selection; (4) data extraction; and (5) data synthesis. We extracted contexts (C), mechanisms (M) and outcomes (O) and CMO configurations from 29 outputs including short (n = 19) and extended-duration (n = 10) supervision training interventions. Irrespective of duration, interventions including mixed pedagogies involving active and/or experiential learning, social learning and protected time served as mechanisms triggering multiple positive supervisor outcomes. Short-duration interventions also led to positive outcomes through mechanisms such as supervisor characteristics, whereas facilitator characteristics was a key mechanism triggering positive and negative outcomes for extended-duration interventions. Disciplinary and organisational contexts were not especially influential. While our realist synthesis builds on previous non-realist literature reviews, our findings extend previous work considerably. Our realist synthesis presents a broader array of outcomes and mechanisms than have been previously identified, and provides novel insights into the causal pathways in which short and extended-duration supervision training interventions produce their effects. Future realist evaluation should explore further any differences between short and extended-duration interventions. Educators are encouraged to prioritize mixed pedagogies, social learning and protected time to maximize the positive supervisor outcomes from training.
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Stepanova, Elena V., David J. Echevarria, Adam D. Collier, Cristobal S. Cruz, Nafiyah Kirkland, and David J. Drobes. "Discrimination, Stress and Reactivity to Alcohol Cues." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 38, no. 10 (December 2019): 836–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.10.836.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Our study investigated whether discrimination affects psychologi-cal/physiological stress and alcohol craving. Method: Participants (N = 92) were asked to recall and write about (a) a neutral, (b) a negative, or (c) a discriminatory experience in the past and then completed a cue-reactivity procedure assessing their alcohol craving. In addition, we assessed levels of perceived stress before and after the discrimination manipulation, chronic substance use and craving, prior perceived discrimination, and strength of racial/ethnic identity. Results: Results revealed a small effect in which the discrimination condition increased alcohol cue-elicited craving relative to the other conditions. Chronic craving moderated effects of discrimination on cortisol levels. Self-reported stress levels were increased in the discrimination and negative memory conditions relative to baseline. Strength of racial identity served as a protective factor for substance abuse in those who reported chronic high levels of discrimination. Discussion: We discussed the direct link established between acute exposure to discrimination and craving, and experimental evidence for the relationship between discrimination and self-reported stress, but also addressed potential limitations of this work. It is further discussed how some individual differences factors (e.g., chronic craving) predict physiological stress in discriminatory settings. This work underscored the role of racial identity as a protective factor against alcohol abuse in individuals reporting high levels of discrimination.
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Lauridsen, Marlene Bruun, and Mai Camilla Munkejord. "Creating Conditions for Professional Development through a Trauma-Informed and Restorative Practice." Social Work 67, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/swac005.
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Abstract Professionals in social work and nursing meet people who, due to trauma, struggle with self-regulation of emotions and social behavior. Caring for trauma survivors requires connection and compassion. Previous research has indicated that many professionals, some with their own trauma histories, do not feel sufficiently equipped to practice self-care or cope with challenging communication. To address how insecurity and trauma are rooted in deeper individual and structural causes of social injustice, social workers and nursing students (N = 29) were invited to participate in action research and a restorative circle process. The aim was to provide professionals the opportunity to challenge and reflect upon their own practices by introducing them to a trauma-informed and restorative practice based on the importance of building emotional safety and connection. The findings suggest that given time and space for reflection in a setting characterized by equality and safety, professionals can develop increased (a) self-awareness and compassion, (b) emotional safety and tolerance of stress in challenging communication, (c) trauma understanding, and (d) personal growth. A change to a more restorative and trauma-informed practice could lead to increased interpersonal competence and well-being among professionals and clients.
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Padma, R., and V. Rajagopal Reddy. "Statistical Analysis of the Current–Voltage (I–V) and Capacitance–Voltage (C–V) Characteristics of the Au/Ir/n-InGaN Schottky Barrier Diodes." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 5582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12154.
Full textAbstract:
In the present work, 20 Au/Ir/n-InGaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) are fabricated using a electron beam evaporation technique. The Schottky barrier parameters such as ideality factor (n), Schottky barrier height (SBH) (Φb) and donar concentration (Nd) values are determined by current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements at room temperature. From I–V measurements, the statistical distribution of data gives the mean SBH value of 0.70 eV with a normal deviation of 10 meV and mean ideality factor value of 1.50 with a normal deviation of 0.0478. Two important parameters such as series resistance (RS) and shunt resistance (RSh) are also evaluated from the I–V characteristics. Furthermore, Norde and Cheung’s methods are used to evaluate the SBH, ideality factor and series resistance. The statistical distribution of C–V data gives the mean SBH value of 0.91 eV with a normal deviation of 12 meV and mean donar concentration of 0.71 × 1017 cm−3, with a normal deviation of 0.018 × 1017 cm−3 respectively.
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Leon Saltos, Amparito Cecilia, Juan Gabriel Saltos Cruz, Maria Dolores Guaman Guevara, and Maria Alexandra Lopez Paredes. "Perception of administrative innovation and organizational culture in banana companies." Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 26, no. 112 (March 9, 2022): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v26i112.550.
Full textAbstract:
Administrative innovation is a fundamental part of the strategic management of organizations, it constitutes a business competitive advantage, while the organizational culture encompasses behaviors and performances of the organization, which are key to the development of efficient performance to obtain innovations. The present research aims to establish the relationships that occur between administrative innovation and organizational culture, to observe the fulfillment of the goals of banana companies, the applied method is quantitative, analytical-descriptive, and correlational scope, it is carried out the reliability analysis in the Cronbach's Alpha of 0.984 to the 25-item instrument that was used in 86 medium-sized banana companies in the agricultural sector, the results found show that there is a high relationship p> 0.9 between the degree of knowledge and competence of senior managers in the development and planning of innovative work.
Keywords: Banana industry, technological innovation, business organization.
References
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Ivanova, Natalia, and Anna Klimova. "IDENTITY FOCUSED ADAPTATION OF NEWCOMERS IN ORGANIZATIONS: RESOURSE FOR PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT." DIEM: Dubrovnik International Economic Meeting 6, no. 1 (September 2021): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/diem/2021/1.9.
Full textAbstract:
The report addresses the issue of adaptation of newcomers in organizations. This problem is very important now in business and public organizations according to the problem of labor productivity, staff turnover, corporate culture etc. In spite of obvious importance of the adaptation in organization, the studies of this problem require new approaches and methods. Mechanisms are explored that help to retain the staff in organization and to create a desire to continue its activities in this organization. The research is implemented to the framework of the business-psychological approach (S Benton, N. Ivanova, theory of social identity (H. Tajfel, J.C. Turner), concepts of adaptation (T. Bazarov, N. Volkova etc.). Adaptation of newcomers is considered as a natural stage of professional and social self-determination of the individual, as overcoming the identity crisis and identity forming process. In the course of adaptation, an identity is formed that is adequate in relation to the new social roles and goals of activity. The purpose of the study: to develop the identity focused adaptation model, to test the role of this model in the work with newcomers in organization. Methodology: questionnaire (N= 109), Job Satisfaction Survey (N=15), case study in organizations. Results: The role of information and psychological support of a novice from the manager, mentor and team while including a specialist in joint activities is revealed. The directions of improving the system of adaptation of newcomers in the organization are highlighted. An identity focused adaptation model has been developed, which includes the following components: A) Preliminary information to newcomers: preparatory briefing about the company; detailed briefing about the company's rules and regulations. B) Information about newcomers to colleagues: about the new employee, his workplace, the tasks of his adaptation, the appointment of a mentor. C) Communications of the mentor: checking the workplace, the initial conversation, monitoring the problems and successes, the employee's initiation into the company's affairs. D) Communications of the manager: aimed at reducing the uncertainty of the newcomer in the first days of work. E) Communication of newcomers: questions, feedback, ideas, doubts, wishes. Results of this research can be useful for management, counseling and coaching for development of newcomer’s identity, loyalty, and performance. Keywords: business psychology, identity focused adaptation model, personnel management, loyalty, adaptation of personnel, social identity, strategy of communication.
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Gasper, Karen. "Utilizing Neutral Affective States in Research: Theory, Assessment, and Recommendations." Emotion Review 10, no. 3 (July 2018): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073918765660.
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Even though researchers regularly use neutral affect induction procedures (AIPs) as a control condition in their work, there is little consensus on what is neutral affect. This article reviews five approaches that researchers have used to operationalize neutral AIPs: to produce a(n) (a) minimal affective state, (b) in-the-middle state, (c) deactivated state, (d) typical state, or (e) indifferent state. For each view, the article delineates the theoretical basis for the neutral AIP, how to assess it, and provides recommendations for when and how to use it. The goal of the article is to encourage researchers to state their theoretical assumptions about neutral affect, to validate those assumptions, and to make appropriate conclusions based on them.
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Gartland, Deirdre, Elisha Riggs, Rebecca Giallo, Karen Glover, Mardi Stowe, Sharon Mongta, Donna Weetra, and Stephanie Janne Brown. "Development of a multidimensional culturally and socially inclusive measure of factors that support resilience: Child Resilience Questionnaire-Child report (CRQ-C)—a community-based participatory research and psychometric testing study in Australia." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e060229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060229.
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ObjectiveDevelopment and testing of a comprehensive and social and culturally inclusive child-report measure of resilience factors supporting positive outcomes in the face of adversity.DesignThe measure is based on a socioecological model of resilience and was developed and revised using community-based participatory research methods with Aboriginal and refugee background communities. Pilot testing and validation of the child-report version (Child Resilience Questionnaire-Child report (CRQ- C)) is described in this paper.SettingAustralia.ParticipantsChildren aged 7–12 years from culturally and socially diverse backgrounds completed the CRQ- C in the pilot (n=387) and validation study (n=775). Families recruited via hospital clinics, Aboriginal and refugee background communities and nested follow-up of participants in an existing cohort study.AnalysisThe factor structure and construct validity of CRQ-C scales were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Preliminary assessment of criterion validity was conducted usinghe Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Internal consistency of final scales was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsConceptually developed CRQ-C was over inclusive of resilience factors and items. Exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses supported 10 subscales reflecting personal resilience factors (positive self/future, managing emotions) and connectedness to family, school and culture. Excellent scale reliability (α=0.7–0.9) for all but one scale (Friends, α=0.6). Significant negative correlation between CRQ-C and SDQ total difficulty score supporting criterion validity (rs=−0.317, p<0.001).ConclusionThe CRQ-C is a new culturally and socially inclusive self-report measure of resilience factors in childhood, with demonstrated content, construct and scale reliability. Further testing of criterion validity required. Availability of child and parent report CRQ supports broad applications in clinical, research and intervention work. Socially inclusive and culturally appropriate tools are fundamental to create the evidence needed to assess and guide intervention efforts.