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Greenwood, Megan. "Watchful witnesses : a study of the Crypt Memory and Witness Centre at St George's Cathedral and its Bearing Witness exhibition process." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10507.
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This thesis examines four themes that surface through the Crypt Centre's activities towards its upcoming exhibition entitled Bearing Witness. The themes include the role of remembrance, bearing witness, the parameters of inclusions and exclusions, and the Crypt Centre's physical and symbolic significance.
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Tonsing, Betty Kathryn. "The Quakers in South Africa a social witness." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002417.
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The Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers, began their witness in the 1600s during a time of religious debate when competing doctrines reflected the political, social and intellectual turmoil of seventeenth-century England. George Fox (1624-1691), the founder, preached that people are guided by God's inner light which is present in the hearts and conscience of all people and reflects God's 'divine' will. The Quakers form a small religious membership not larger than 200,000 people sect, its world-wide. Yet, historically, the group's impact on social issues has always outweighed its numerical strength. The earliest Quakers to reside more permanently in South Africa were British settlers, several of whom became outspoken civic leaders. Quaker humanitarian gestures led to the opening of a multi-racial school for poor children in Cape Town (1840) and investigations into the treatment of Afrikaner women and children in concentration camps during the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902). Early Quakers are also credited with initiating the Joint Council Movement of Europeans and Africans (1920s), forerunner to the South African Institute of Race Relations. This study traces the Quaker presence in South Africa from its earliest history to the present, with particular emphasis on the twentieth century. Specifically, the examination of the Quaker presence addresses the group's reaction to South African society and politics in reference to segregationist and apartheid legislation. The study includes a comparative analysis of the response among South African Quakers to these issues with Quaker response in England and the United states. The purpose of this analysis is to attempt an assessment of the extent to which South African Quaker practices were consistent with the philosophies of their world-wide religious fellowship. Relevant to the Quaker belief in peace and justice for all, with no discrimination, specific issues that involved South African Quakers and for which sufficient primary sources were available are closely examined. Of particular interest is the opening of a Quaker boarding school during the early 1930s, the Quaker response to the Defiance Campaign in 1952, and South African Quaker response to the call for international sanctions and boycotts against South Africa. More recent Quaker activities, including mediation between the African National Congress and the government, provide significant data. South African Quakers have defined themselves as members of a religious body whose belief of pacifism and commitment to non-violence dictates to a certain extent their obedience to a higher authority -- which some call their conscience and others call God -- if a civil law is deemed immoral and unjust . Thus, the study seeks to define the individual and corporate Quaker witness in South Africa in relation to the Society's principles.
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Mills, Michael F. "Witness to the American apocalypse? : a study of 21st century 'doomsday' prepping." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/60441/.
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This thesis addresses the phenomenon of 21st century "doomsday" prepping. Prepping is a primarily American phenomenon centred on storing food, water, and weapons for the purpose of surviving future crisis or social collapse. Growing rapidly post-2007/8, it is the successor to the right-wing American survivalist movement that flourished (and then disappeared) in the late-20th century. This thesis engages with a lack of scholarly knowledge on prepping, which has resulted in this phenomenon being understood through media-driven stereotypes and theories of older survivalist activity. Such understandings suggest that prepping is apocalyptic, millenarian, politically-extreme, and a product of the United States' fringe right-wing militia culture. Drawing on research that involved 200 online surveys responses, ethnography and interviews with 39 American preppers, and attendance at three prominent prepping conventions, the thesis challenges such dominant ideas. It shows prepping to be a distinct, more moderate wave of American survivalist activity. The thesis establishes that preppers typically do not prepare for an "apocalypse", nor do they think in millenarian terms. Preppers instead use their preparations as precautionary protection against temporary social collapse and job loss. The thesis also reveals that prepping is not as politically-extreme as is often speculated. Rather than militia ideology, prepping intermingles with waves of right-wing "Tea Party" discontent, as well as widespread frustration at the dysfunctional and post-political state of American democracy. Additionally this work reveals that, as far as preppers retreat from political and community life, their withdrawal is symptomatic of wider currents of American individualist values, and processes of civic decline. It is thus argued that prepping must be understood as a product of "mainstream" American society. It is concluded that prepping should be principally explained as a product of: late modern capitalism's effects on democracy, secure employment, and collective sympathies; contemporary media's impact on disaster-related fears; and the American Right's promotion of political anxiety and individualistic thinking.
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Moston, S. J. "Social support and the quality of children's eyewitness testimony." Thesis, University of Kent, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234441.
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Ross, Fiona C. "Bearing witness : women and the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3618.
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Agum, David. "African Social and Political History: The Novelist (Chinua Achebe) as a Witness." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216514.
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African American Studies<br>Ph.D.<br>This study examines the role of African novelists as major sources of historiography of Africa, and the socio-cultural experience of its people. Although many African novelists have over the years reflected issues of social and political significance in their works, only a few scholarly works seem to have addressed this phenomenon adequately. A major objective of this dissertation then is to help fill this gap by explicating these issues in the fiction of Chinua Achebe, a great iconic figure in African Literature. Utilizing the conceptual and analytical framework suggested in C.T. Keto's, Africa-Centered Perspective on History (1989), the contexts, themes, structures and techniques of the following five novels were examined: Things Fall Apart (1958), No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of the People (1966), and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). The novels were shown to be replete with cogent social and political insights which provide an accurate portraiture of African/ Nigerian history of the 19th and 20th Century. The study seeks to make a modest contribution to the steadily mounting body of Africa centered criticism of the African novel/fiction within the context of African social and political history.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Riding, Heather. "The annihilation of the lesbian self : an event without a witness." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251360.
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Paton, David M. M. "The Church in the Northern Highlands 1790 - 1850 : spiritual witness and social crisis." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342938.
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Ciechanowicz, Edward Leigh Bundock. "The Church of England and the unemployed : 1919-1939." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390371.
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Malatji, Hlamalane Queen. "The social worker, as an expert witness in sexual offences committed against children / by Malatji Hlamalane Queen." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9673.
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Sexual offence against children is a complex issue and a major problem in South Africa. Trained and skilled social workers as expert witnesses are needed to help the courts deal with this problem in our courts. A specialised knowledge in the field of forensic expert witnessing in sexual offence cases is a must. Since a University degree in Social Work does not adequately prepare social workers to be effective expert witnesses the Social Work Profession receives much criticism in this regard.
Probation Officers, Forensic Social Workers from SAPS and Forensic Social workers in private practice were included in the study in an attempt to investigate the problem and suggest possible solutions. The problem is a lack of skilled, trained and knowledgeable professionals in certain areas of the spectrum, e.g. sexual abuse in a child’s case.<br>Thesis (MSW (Forensic Practice))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Mengel, Nadia. "Training needs of the legal profession on the child as witness : a social work investigation / Nadia Mengel." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4086.
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This social work research study explores whether members of the legal profession are aware of the unique characteristics of a child witness that one must take cognisance of when interviewing them. This is explored by means of a questionnaire to determine if and what training needs exist with members of the legal sector with regards to the child witness. The following themes were identified from the questionnaire where members of the legal profession require further training on: child development, children's language development, children's normal sexual development, process of disclosure in sexual abuse, interviewing skills, rapport building skills, minimum age for testifying, factors determining credibility of the child witness, children's statements and report of events, truth vs. lie testing and interview protocols.<br>Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Vigilante, Donna Marie. "Juror's Perception of Recovered Memory, Type of Trauma and Adult Witness Demeanor." UNF Digital Commons, 2001. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/266.
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College students judged the testimony in a civil trial in which a childhood memory had been recovered after 20 years. Participants were 108 students (n = 79 female and 29 male) enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses. The design was a 2 X 2 X 2 between subjects factorial design which investigated effects of the type of incident (sexual abuse/hit-and-run), how the memory was recovered (therapy/wedding), and type of testimony (assertive/emotional). The study determined that mock jurors were likely to perceive the plaintiff's testimony as credible when she testified she was sexually abused as a child rather than when she was a victim of a hit-and-run accident. The results also indicated that testimonial demeanor had a significant effect on mock jurors' perception of the plaintiff's credibility and that if a female victim testifies with a nonemotional stereotypical masculine demeanor, the jurors may react in a negative manner.
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Roulstone, Claire. "Inside the social world of a witness care unit : role-conflict and organisational ideology in a service." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3187/.
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Since the early 1990s, political rhetoric concerning the victim’s role in the criminal justice process has shifted. The formation of Witness Care Units was the cornerstone of the government’s new strategy to provide additional support to victims and witnesses during their journey through the criminal justice system (CJS). From the outset, the Units were envisioned as being ‘multi-agency’: that is, representatives from the Police and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) were obliged to become involved in victim work, and through such co-operation it was envisaged that victims and witnesses would be better informed, protected and supported. Such measures defined the Witness Care Units in a formal, procedural sense: at the same time, the Units would become arenas relating to the care of victims and witnesses. Therefore, a dispassionate description of a unit – the witness care officers, and their shared values that manifested themselves in the practices of the Witness Care Unit – might expose an attitude towards witness care that differed from that embodied within the national strategy. Through a detailed ethnographic study of the lived experiences of the practitioners of a Witness Care Unit, this thesis contributes to learning by using new data to examine some of the enduring challenges faced by them as they responded to the changing socio-political context. The study attempts to show that practitioners had differing role perceptions, and three ideal-types of witness care officer (humanitarian, performance-led and disaffected) were derived from the analysis which were a convenient way of making sense of this phenomenon. The competing demands of various organisational, personal, and societal factors was just one example of the contradiction between the ‘reality’ and the government’s declared vision for Witness Care Units. These findings corroborate the commonly held assumption amongst academics that the CJS is plagued by ambiguity (for example, Rock, 2004). Despite the use of the term ‘care’ in the implementation of government policy, the thesis highlights that the primary goal of Witness Care Units was to meet the government’s imperative to get more offenders brought to justice. Thus, government language purporting to put victims at the heart of the system was more likely to give victims the impression that they would have a more significant participatory role than they actually were being given.
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Svensson, Sandra. "Wicked Woman and Ready-money Gentlemen : Defining social roles in the British nineteenth-century courtroom." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-91056.
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The present study is a corpus-based study which examines social roles constructed in the British nineteenth-century courtroom. To discover the prevalent social roles in British nineteenth-century society the present study focuses on premodifying adjectives characterizing men and women. The method of classification is through semantic domains. The study shows that the social roles of men and women are more similar than the findings of previous research have demonstrated.
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Smith, Sufran. "Die forensiese maatskaplike werker as deskundige getuie in die hof / Sufran Smith." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2131.
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Armstrong, Matthew Nicholas. "The Effects of Juror Need for Cognition: Perceptions of Trustworthiness in Expert Witness Testimony." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/335.
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The current study looks to examine the possible effects expert witness trustworthiness and testimony quality depending upon participant need for cognition. The study involves 139 participants taken from Amazon's Mechanical Turk and an undergraduate research pool where they were asked to take part in a web-based survey. Participants read a capital sentencing summary and were randomly selected into one of four expert witness conditions that vary in trustworthiness and quality. Participants took the short form Need for Cognition scale and filled out a questionnaire about their perceptions of the expert's trustworthiness and testimony quality. Results indicated a marginal main effect of the trustworthiness condition as well as a marginal three-way interaction. Additionally, significant main effects for the sample and death qualification status of participants were found. Results are discussed in the context of the current study and past research and possible limitations and extensions of the current study are considered.
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Hirn, Mueller Dana Elizabeth. "The Effects of Post-Recall Feedback: Examining Witness Recall Quantity, Accuracy, and Confidence." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2169.
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Most eyewitness identification protocols recommend withholding feedback after an identification has been made, at least until a measure of confidence can be gathered. Although much research has examined the impact of post-identification feedback on subsequent witness behavior and confidence, research addressing the importance of post-recall feedback remains largely incomplete. The current study examined the effects of post-recall feedback and question type on subsequent witness recall, confidence, and reports of view of the crime. In line with previous eyewitness identification research, it was predicted that participants receiving confirming post-recall feedback would be more confident in their prior recall compared to participants receiving neutral, no, or disconfirming feedback. One hundred and fifty-eight participants viewed a mock crime video of a robbery followed by an interview which included both open-ended and cued questions. Participants were then given either confirming, neutral, no, or disconfirming feedback and asked about their confidence and the clarity of their view of the perpetrator. Under the pretense that the recording equipment failed, participants were interviewed again using the same question format. The second interview was followed by a series of suggestive questions. After the second interview, participants were again asked about their confidence and self-reported quality of view of the perpetrator. Participant interviews were transcribed and scored for quantity, accuracy, and consistency by two blind, independent coders. Analyses revealed that feedback had a systematic impact on confidence such that participants who received confirming feedback were more confident in the overall accuracy of their prior memory accounts than those who received neutral, no, or disconfirming feedback and participants who received neutral or no feedback were more confident in the overall accuracy of their prior memory accounts compared to those in the disconfirming feedback condition. In line with previous eyewitness identification research, there was no significant relationship between recall accuracy and reported confidence. Results from the current study can be used to inform real-world investigative interviewers by highlighting the consequences of offering post-recall feedback. Specifically, feedback can impact witness confidence irrespective of actual recall accuracy.
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Darby, Rachel K. "Compromising Face-to-Face Confrontation: Does the Protected Child Witness Threaten Impartial Juror Decision-Making?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/224.
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The use of protective testimonial aids by the child witness has been advocated for as research indicates that it decreases witness stress and suggestibility; however, the use of such aids has also been attacked as incompatible with the defendant’s confrontational right and the fact-finding function of the jury. The present study examines the effects of testimony modality, as well as empathy-inducing closing arguments, on juror perceptions of the child witness, perceptions of the defendant, and ultimate judgments of guilt. In this between-subjects factorial study, workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk were invited to participate in an online simulated sexual assault case survey. Participants read all trial stimuli, which consisted of written juror instructions, case facts, testimonies, closing arguments, and legal definitions. In addition, participants were exposed to photographs depicting the child witness testifying under one of three possible conditions (direct, shielded, CCTV) and either read the prosecutor’s closing argument that contained a specific empathy-inducing portion or did not. Results indicated that regardless of testimony modality and empathy-inducing closing arguments, jurors did not exhibit a pro-prosecution or pro-defense bias.
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Markusson, Caroline. "Ett svenskt kronvittnessystem? Att vara eller inte vara ett kronvittne." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25286.
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Kronvittnessystem har vid ett flertal tillfällen diskuterats i svensk politik som en möjlig åtgärd i arbetet mot organiserad brottslighet. Ett kronvittne är en person som vittnar om sin egen eller andras brottslighet och på grund av detta erhåller ett mildare straff för sina brott. Flera andra länder använder sig av kronvittnessystem på grund av de nyttor som finns med det, men forskning visar att det även finns problem med systemet. Syftet med denna studie är att besvara frågan vad kriminella personer har för uppfattning om att kronvittna i ett kronvittnessystem. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med före detta kriminella med erfarenhet av organiserad brottslighet. Resultaten visade att det fanns många aspekter av att kronvittna som skulle leda till problem. Det mest framträdande resultatet var bilden av det hot och våld som blir en effekt mot den person som kronvittnar, samt mot denna persons familj och vänner. Det rådde stor konsensus om att ett kronvittnessystem är farligt för människor och för med sig svåra konsekvenser. Resultaten pekar på att kriminella personer inte vill se ett kronvittnessystem införas i Sverige.<br>Crown witness systems have previously been discussed in Swedish politics as a possible way to fight organized crime. A crown witness, or supergrass, is a person who in return for giving information about his or her own crime or another person’s crime, is rewarded with a penalty discount. Many other countries use crown witness methods because of the positive things with doing so, but studies also show that there are problems with such a procedure. The purpose of this study is to answer the question what opinions criminals have about being a crown witness/accomplice witness within a crown witness system. The method that was used was interviews with former criminals who had experience regarding organized crime. The results showed that there are many aspects of testifying as a crown witness that would lead to problems. The most important result was that the crown witness and its family and friends would as an affect of the testimony be subjects of threats and violence against them. It was agreed that a crown witness system is dangerous for people and lead to severe consequences. The results indicate that criminals do not want to see a crown witness system be incorporated in Sweden.
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Kieckhaefer, Jenna M. "Understanding rapport-building in investigative interviews: Does rapport's effect on witness memory and suggestibility depend on the interviewer?" FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1250.
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Most investigative interviewing protocols, including the National Institute of Justice’s 1999 guidelines on collecting eyewitness evidence, recommend building rapport with cooperative witnesses to increase the quality and quantity of details obtained at recall. To date, only three published articles have empirically addressed the effects of rapport-building on adult witness memory, and all suggest an increase in witness accuracy under certain conditions. However, to our knowledge no research has addressed the importance of the investigator when building rapport and whether rapport can increase witness susceptibility to suggestive-leading questions – the aim of the current research. Specifically, this project examined the effects of change in interviewer between rapport and retrieval, and the effects of interviewer suggestion after rapport eyewitness memory accuracy.
Participant witnesses (N=198) viewed a videotaped mock convenience store robbery followed by rapport-building or a standard police interview about non-crime related details (rapport manipulation). One week later all participants were interviewed about the mock crime they witnessed either by the same or a different interviewer (interviewer manipulation). All witnesses were interviewed about the mock crime using open-ended questions about the event, witnesses, suspect, and location followed by a series of specific suggestive questions containing both correct- and incorrect-leading information about the crime. Videotaped and transcribed witness reports were scored for accurate and false information by two independent raters.
Findings indicated that, contrary to all hypotheses, neither rapport-building on day 1 nor change in interviewer on day 2 (one week later) manipulations resulted in significant effects on the primary accuracy dependent measures on day 2, including open-ended and suggestive-leading questions. The present study was the first to investigate the effect of rapport-building on eyewitness recall after a delay, whether changing interviewers across the investigation impacts recall, and whether rapport can act as a safeguard by inoculating witnesses against investigator-provided misinformation. These null findings further suggest that future research should disentangle the specific conditions under which rapport-building facilitates witness recall need to be disentangled in future research.
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Welch, Zina Lauren. ""Second Injury" the re-victimization of child victims in the criminal justice system: a study of the victim witness assistance programs child abuse/sexual assault project." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1993. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/625.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the Criminal Justice System as it relates to the child victim. The study describes the sexually molested child in the preliminary stage of criminal court. As well as the physically abused child in the same level of court. In addition, the study identifies the Child Abuse/Sexual Assault Project of the Victim-Witness Assistance Program located in the City of Atlanta Municipal Court. The study sites examples and randomly selected case studies which describe the process and various issues which may evolve when children are required to participate in the judicial process. In addition, the study identifies the Victim-Witness Assistance programs child abuse sexual assault project as an instrument designed to empower child victims by advocating for their rights and various allowances for the child victim/witness who must appear in a criminal court hearing. The study found that the child victim has much to contend with. Children are not equally equipped to handle the intricacies of the legal system. The study also addresses the systems response to the advocate, which allows the advocate to assess the appropriateness of diversion (or social work intervention) in lieu of prosecution. The study revealed that a number of cases were successfully diverted. Lastly, the Child Abuse Sexual Assault Project allowed social work intervention in almost 100% of the child abuse/sexual assault cases which were heard in the City of Atlanta Municipal Court in the year 1992.
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Wachsmann, Emily Brook. "Social Movements, Subjectivity, and Solidarity: Witnessing Rhetoric of the International Solidarity Movement." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12211/.
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This study engaged in pushing the current political limitations created by the political impasse of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, by imagining new possibilities for radical political change, agency, and subjectivity for both the international activists volunteering with the International Solidarity Movement as well as Palestinians enduring the brutality of life under occupation. The role of the witness and testimony is brought to bear on activism and rhetoric the social movement ISM in Palestine. Approaches the past studies of the rhetoric of social movements arguing that rhetorical studies often disassociated 'social' from social movements, rendering invisible questions of the social and subjectivity from their frames for evaluation. Using the testimonies of these witnesses, Palestinians and activists, as the rhetorical production of the social movement, this study provides an effort to put the social body back into rhetorical studies of social movements. The relationships of subjectivity and desubjectification, as well as, possession of subjects by agency and the role of the witness with each of these is discussed in terms of Palestinian and activist potential for subjectification and desubjectifiation.
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Söderlund, Eva, and Sara Ytell. ""Om du inte ser mig finns jag inte" Om barn som bevittnar våld i hemmet : "If you don't see me I don't exist" About children who witness domestic violence." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Health Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3959.
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<p>Children that are exposed to domestic violence are placed in a vulnerable situation and they are not been given their own identity during the family conflict resolution process. Focus is mostly directed towards the parents and their conflict-filled situation. The aim of this study is to talk with professionals and take part of their experiences with regards to the phenomenon of children who witness domestic violence. The study is conducted from a child/crime victim perspective and is restricted to men's violence against women. A qualitative method is used which consist of interviews involving representatives of BRIS, the Police, Social Service, a Woman Shelter, and two Crisis Centers with different concentrations. Our sources in the study agreed with the notion that these children which are expose to such violence ought to be defined crime victims; consequently, they will require professional help and support. The system theory and crisis theory were utilized in this study as Cullberg states in order to explain our results. </p><p>The parents often believe that their children do not see or hear the violence when it takes place, but our sources disagree with this notion. The study concludes that there remain a lot to be done with regards to working with children which are exposed to such violence. The importance of more education and understanding of the situation which children face is a necessity and can not be overemphasized. Finally, the study highlights a need for authorities to work more together and learn from each other. The main conclusion is that there is an urgent need for the adult world to be aware of the presence of the child during an adult dispute, take greater responsibility, to consult and to act accordingly with a view of decreasing the unreported cases involving children.</p>
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Söderlund, Eva, and Sara Ytell. "”Om du inte ser mig finns jag inte” Om barn som bevittnar våld i hemmet”If you don’t see me I don’t exist” About children who witness domestic violence." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Health Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3820.
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<p>Children that are exposed to domestic violence are placed in a vulnerable situation and they are not been given their own identity during the family conflict resolution process. Focus is mostly directed towards the parents and their conflict-filled situation. The aim of this study is to talk with professionals and take part of their experiences with regards to the phenomenon of children who witness domestic violence. The study is conducted from a child/crime victim perspective and is restricted to men's violence against women. A qualitative method is used which consist of interviews involving representatives of BRIS, the Police, Social Service, a Woman Shelter, and two Crisis Centers with different concentrations. Our sources in the study agreed with the notion that these children which are expose to such violence ought to be defined crime victims; consequently, they will require professional help and support. The system theory and crisis theory were utilized in this study as Cullberg states in order to explain our results. </p><p>The parents often believe that their children do not see or hear the violence when it takes place, but our sources disagree with this notion. The study concludes that there remain a lot to be done with regards to working with children which are exposed to such violence. The importance of more education and understanding of the situation which children face is a necessity and can not be overemphasized. Finally, the study highlights a need for authorities to work more together and learn from each other. The main conclusion is that there is an urgent need for the adult world to be aware of the presence of the child during an adult dispute, take greater responsibility, to consult and to act accordingly with a view of decreasing the unreported cases involving children.</p>
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Eliasson, Linda, Emma Duseus, and Maria Hedman. "Krissamtal för barn som bevittnat våld i familjen." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1458.
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<p>Denna studie syftar till att fördjupa kunskapen om hur rekonstruktionen i Trappan-modellen tillämpas i praktiken. Modellen är en av de största interventionerna som brukas i Sverige för barn som bevittnat våld i hemmet. Barn som lever i förhållanden där våld är ett ofta återkommande inslag löper stor risk att utveckla problem som kan påverka deras beteende och hälsa negativt. Dessa barn är därför i behov av hjälp för att bearbeta det trauma det kan innebära. Studien baseras dels på Trappan-modellens handbok samt inhämtad data från ett nätverk som arbetar enligt modellen. Resultatet visar att de olika delarna av rekonstruktionen tillämpas i praktiken i relativt hög utsträckning.</p><br><p>This study aims to increase the knowledge about how the reconstruction in the intervention “Trappan” is being attempted on a practical basis. This intervention is one of the greatest that’s being used in Sweden for children who have witnessed violence in their families. Children who experience domestic violence are at risk developing problems that may affect their health and behaviour in a negative way. These children are therefore in need of help to process the traumatic events. This study is based on the handbook of “Trappan” and also collected data from a network that attempts the intervention in their work. The result shows that the different parts of the reconstruction are being attempted in a relatively great extent.</p>
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Bambani, Nomfezeko. "The utility of Weingarten's witness positions in the understanding of compassion fatigue in people who care for their own family members with AIDS." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004465.
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This paper explores the utility of Weingarten's (2003) witness positions in the understanding of compassion fatigue in people who care for their own family members with AIDS. The research is embedded in Weingarten's theory of witnessing and narrative theory and practice. The literature review explores the shift from hospital-based care to community/home-based care which has led to family members assuming the role of caring for their family members with AIDS, an overview of the effects of caring for AIDS patients on caregivers and an overview of Weingarten's (2003) theory of witnessing with special emphasis on the witnessing positions and their consequences. Interviews, based on narrative theory and practice in which Weingarten's theory is rooted, gave access to the participants' experiences, which were then analysed and interpreted through a framework developed from the witnessing theory. This article demonstrates the utility of Weingarten's (2003) theory of witnessing to people who are caregivers to their own family members with AIDS. I argue that witness positions occupied by caregivers during witnessing determine whether the caregivers will experience compassion fatigue. The negative consequences related to compassion fatigue that will be reviewed could probably be prevented through active, intentional, compassionate witnessing.
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Cahill, Brian S. "Eyewitness Choosing Behavior: The Role of Ecphoric Experience and Non-Memorial Cues." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2269.
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Researchers’ attempts at understanding the processes underlying witness choosing behavior have focused on applying models that predict that identifications will be primarily driven by memorial factors. However, research has shown that several non-memorial variables affect witness choosing behavior (e.g., administrator influence, clothing bias, co-witness information); thus a full understanding of the processes underlying witness choosing behavior needs to account for these effects. While the memory-based models do attempt to provide explanations for the effects of non-memorial based variables on choosing behavior they all do so within a memorial context. However, I will argue a lineup task is not simply a memory task but a task that allows both memorial and non-memorial variables to impact choosing behavior, with the latter affecting choosing through an inferential process.
The purpose of the present study was to provide an initial test of a novel, inferential based framework (i.e., the Competition/Corroboration Conceptualization). In short, this framework predicts that the effect of non-memorial cues on choosing behavior will occur via leading witnesses to deliberatively infer who the suspect is, and that the extent to which a deliberative process is engaged is dependent upon the witnesses’ ecphoric experience.
Study 1 (N = 146) had mock-witnesses view several lineups with non-memorial cues embedded in them; results showed that mock-witnesses engaged in an inferential process by using the cues in the lineup to help guide their choosing behavior. Study 2 (N = 376) had witnesses view either a target-present or target-absent lineup where a non-memorial cue suggested that witnesses should either identify the target, identify a specific filler, or was not included. Witnesses then made an identification decision. Results from study 2 showed that the presence of a non-memorial cue suggesting the suspect’s guilt increased suspect identifications compared to its absence, and importantly, that this effect was greater for witnesses who had a weak ecphoric experience.
Findings across both studies suggest that an inferential based framework of witness choosing more fully encompasses the underlying nature of witnesses’ phenomenological experience. Practical implications and future directions are discussed.
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McCurry, Ford C. "How Psychology’s Empirical Results Can Benefit the Criminal Justice System: Expert Testimony." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1166.
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Brigham and Bothwell (1983) claimed that jurors have a scientifically incorrect view of eyewitness testimony. The purpose of this study was to examine the most beneficial way to assist the jury in dealing with eyewitness testimony. Duckworth, Kreiner, Stark-Wroblewski, and Marsh (2011) applied interactive participation in an eyewitness activity and expert testimony to a mock-jury dealing with eyewitness testimony and found that those who participated in the activity had significantly fewer convictions. The methodological framework of the Duckworth et al. study was applied to East Tennessee State University criminal justice undergraduates. Although this study did not find any significant effects in hearing expert testimony on empirical findings regarding eyewitness testimony or participating in an individual recall activity, cross tabulation frequencies indicated a directional pattern of relationship when independent variables were compared to the control group.
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Michon, Moon. "EXAMINING CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROFESSIONALS’ ATTITUDES AND RESPONSIVENESS TOWARDS INTIMIDATED WITNESSES ON THE LOCAL LEVEL: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2632.
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Abstract EXAMINING CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROFESSIONALS’ ATTITUDES AND RESPONSIVENESS TOWARDS INTIMIDATED WITNESSES ON THE LOCAL LEVEL: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS By Michon J. Moon, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Major Director: Laura J. Moriarty, Ph. D, Professor and Vice Provost of Academic and Faculty Affairs L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs The study explored criminal justice professionals’ attitudes and responsiveness toward witness intimidation on the local level based on their occupation and region of employment. Intimidated witnesses are vulnerable individuals that have fallen victim to competing social and civic expectations to which neither allow much consideration for the witness’ safety. This problem is evident in that too many local criminal justice agencies have yet to formulate substantive plans and dedicated sufficient resources to effectively address the growing problem of witness intimidation. A total of 59 major crime detectives, 52 prosecutors and 5 executive administrators from two regions of Virginia participated in the study. Major crime detectives and prosecutors were administered an online survey to gage their attitudes about intimidated witness issues and the administrators who are responsible for the allocation of resources and policy mandates for their respective agencies participated in interviews. Overall, 39 percent of prosecutors and 45 percent of detectives indicated that intimidation was more likely to occur in cases involving homicide, rape, aggravated assault, drug activity, gang activity, robbery, and domestic violence. On average 38 percent of detectives and 31 percent of prosecutors agreed that relocation assistance was warranted in circumstances such as, perceived threats, threatening calls, assault on witness, assault of family member, drive-by shootings, vandalism, stalking, domestic violence. Conversely, on average only 18 percent of prosecutors and 22 percent of detectives indicated that their agencies’ would more than likely provide relocation assistance to intimidated witnesses in these same cases. Appended are details of study, methodology, quantitative and qualitative analyses, as well as, demographic characteristics of study participants.
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Sobers, Shauna Tamara. "Can I get a witness?| The resilience of four Black women senior student affairs administrators at predominantly White institutions." Thesis, University of the Pacific, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3625189.
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<p> The purpose of this qualitative research guided by resilience theory was to investigate the experiences of four Black women senior student affairs administrators at predominantly White institutions in order to understand the strategies for success that led to their advancement to senior level positions. Participants included four deans of students and/or vice presidents for student affairs (reporting directly to the president of the institution) at four-year small private predominantly White institutions (enrollment under 5,000). The participants' recounted experiences of tokenism, perceptions of the appearance, perceptions of communication styles, and inequitable compensation. They also reported support systems such as mentors, giving back, and spirituality that influence their thoughts, actions, reactions, decisions, and motivation to continue in the field, in their position, and ultimately in higher education. The implications of the study encourages institutions to provide funding, personnel resources, and training for all employees as well as encourages current Black women administrators to discuss their professional experiences to continue to inform scholarship and practice.</p>
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Taylor, Kenneth William-Moran. "Herman L. Midlo: Social Ally in Louisiana Religious Civil Rights." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2647.
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The study of social allies in the field of American Civil Rights and Liberties History is largely an underappreciated aspect of this historical era. This work argues that social allies and their stories are worthwhile histories that are beneficial to the study of American Civil Rights and Liberties using Louisiana lawyer Herman Lazard Midlo as a case study. Midlo worked as a Louisiana lawyer from the 1930s to 1960s and fought tirelessly for the religious liberties of the Jehovah’s Witness community in the state. His story shows how beneficial and consequential the actions of social allies have had and can have on the protection and expansion of civil rights and religious liberties.
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Costa, Yon Morato Ferreira da. "Religião e alienação: uma análise crítica do modus vivendi do adolescente na Torre de Vigia." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2506.
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-13<br>The objective of this work is to do a critical analysis over the behavior of adolescents that belong to an internationally known religious group named The Watchtower Society. A report of the performance of this group was drawn from the origins, from its foundation to the current days. Their main doctrines and influences and how these determine their followers to be. After a brief definition of adolescent, their conflicts and challenges in this complicated period of the human existence, through the study of reports, testimonies, articles and Watchtower s literatures, a reflection was made over the adolescent's modus vivendi and the tensions which they go through and
are constantly submitted, to guarantee that in everything they are faithful and prove their loyalty to the organization. When insubordination, questioning or confrontation happens, the disassociated adolescent suffers many profound and significant losses. For that reason, this work offers practical alternatives and solutions that aid to attend the recently disassociated in order to help in its social re-insertion.<br>O presente trabalho tem por objetivo, fazer uma análise crítica do comportamento do adolescente pertencente ao grupo religioso internacionalmente conhecido como Testemunhas de Jeová e sua representação máxima, a Sociedade Torre de Vigia. Foi traçado um histórico da atuação deste grupo desde os primórdios da sua fundação até os dias de hoje, suas principais doutrinas, influências e de como estas determinam a conduta de seus adeptos. Após a definição do conceito de adolescente, seus conflitos e desafios, neste período complicado da existência humana, averigou-se através de relatos, testemunhos, artigos e literaturas, o modus vivendi do adolescente e as tensões pelas quais são constantemente submetidos e para em tudo serem fiéis e comprarem sua lealdade à organização. Quando acontece a insubordinação, questionamento ou confrontação, o adolescente desassociado da Torre de Vigia sofre perdas muito significativas. O trabalho oferece soluções práticas e alternativas que auxiliam o acompanhamento do recém desassociado, em sua reinserção social.
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Smalridge, Scott. "Early American Pentecostalism and the issues of race, gender, war, and poverty : a history of the belief system and social witness of early twentieth century Pentecostalism and its nineteenth century holiness roots." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21265.
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Early American Pentecostalism had an ambiguous social witness, which contained both radical and conservative elements. The millennarian-restorationist core of the Pentecostal belief system was prophetic and counter-cultural in that it inspired adherents to denounce the injustices of the status quo and announce the justice of the soon-coming Kingdom of God. Consequently, in the earliest years of the American movement, many Pentecostals, professed and practiced (1) racial equality, (2) gender equality, (3) pacifism, and (4) anti-capitalism. However, this prophetic social witness co-existed, from the very beginning, with a strong conservative ethos, which defended the norms, beliefs, and values of nineteenth-century 'Evangelical America' against the apparent religious and cultural 'anarchy' of modern society. As Pentecostal groups (especially white Pentecostal groups such as the Assemblies of God) organised, institutionalised, and rose in socioeconomic status, the prophetic voices of early Pentecostalism were increasingly ignored, and the conservative ethos grew to dominate Pentecostal social concerns.
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Smalridge, Scott. "Early American Pentecostalism and the issues of race, gender, war, and poverty, a history of the belief system and social witness of early twentieth century Pentecostalism and its nineteenth century holiness roots." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0027/MQ50572.pdf.
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Segrén, Yrsa. "Sedda, hörda & bekräftade - En kvalitativ undersökning kring hur Malmöpolisen kan arbeta för att få fler att våga vittna." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26550.
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De senaste åren har flera offentliga skjutningar inträffat i Malmö. Malmöpolisen har haft svårigheter att lösa dessa då det, bland annat, har varit en brist på vittnen. Att vittnen inte vågar träda fram kan bero på olika saker, men vanligast är det att de är rädda för repressalier. Detta trots att risken för att utsättas för sådana är relativt låg. För vittnen som utsätts för hot finns det olika skyddsåtgärder att tillgå, men vittnen som upplever en ogrundad oro får i stort sett klara sig själva. Konsekvenserna av att vittnen inte vågar medverka i utredningar och rättegångar kan ha långtgående effekter i samhället och kan i till slut leda till att rättssystemet inte kan arbeta effektivt. Något som kan generera mycket negativa resultat. Eftersom majoriteten av vittnen inte utsätts för hot, kan man utgå från att gruppen som inte har möjlighet för att få polisiärt stöd är relativt stor. Frågeställningen är: Hur kan Malmöpolisen arbeta för att få fler att våga vittna i samband med offentliga skjutningar? Resultaten av denna kvalitativa studie visade att Malmöpolisen bör lägga stort fokus, i sitt arbete, på att sprida information. Både inom och utanför myndigheten. Detta hade kunnat bidra till en ökad säkerhet bland vittnena.<br>In the recent years a number of public shootings have taken place in Malmö. The Malmö police department have experienced difficulty in solving these crimes. One of the reasons for this is the lack of witnesses that have come forward. The reasons why witnesses won’t make themselves know can be many. The most common one however is the fear of reprisals from the suspect. This despite the fact that the risk of being subjected to reprisals is relatively low. Witnesses who are threatened are offered different types of protection. Witnesses who don’t get threatened, but still experience fear get to fend for themselves. The consequences of witnesses who are too frightened to take part in an investigation and trial can be extensive and could lead to the judicial system not being able to work effectively. This can generate very negative results. Since the majority of witnesses don’t get subjected to threats, you can assume that the group of witnesses without support from the police department is extensive. The research question is as follows: How can the Malmö police department work in order to generate more witnesses willing to testify, in connection to public shootings? The results of this qualitative study shows that the Malmö police department should focus on the distribution of information. Both within and outside of the department. This could lead to a stronger feeling of security among these witnesses.
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McKinney, Brinda Kay. "Witnessing Parental Domestic Violence and Young Girls' Dating Relationships." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1202.
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Domestic violence afflicts people regardless of ethnicity, socio-economically status, age, or gender. Too often, girls enter and remain in abusive relationships, despite the trauma and risks of doing so. Using Roy's theory of adaptation, this study explored the effect of witnessing inter-parental violence on girls' experiences of physical violence or sexual abuse in their dating relationships. Original data collection occurred at a Midwestern U.S. university via e-mail using questions adapted from the CDC's Youth Risk Behavior Survey Surveillance System. The study used 526 responses from female participants who self-disclosed if they had or had not witnessed inter-parental violence for categorical placement. Participants mirrored the population of the university with regard to age, race, and GPA. Using an ANOVA, the groups were compared on the independent variable of witnessing inter-parental violence and the dependent variable of experiencing physical or sexual dating violence. Results showed witnessing inter-parental violence did not predict whether or not a girl would experience physical or sexual violence in a dating relationship. Findings indicated adaptation on the part of the girls after witnessing inter-parental violence and beginning their own dating relationships. Additional research is needed to gain knowledge of this adaptation process and to explore what happened between the time of witnessing inter-parental violence and entering dating relationships that helped prevent them from experiencing dating violence. Knowledge of these participants' adaptation processes may provide insight for counselors and therapists on how to support children who witness inter-parental violence. This insight may help girls develop adaptation mechanisms to prevent experiencing violence in dating relationships.
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Rahmonov, Adam. "Hjälpa barn - vad kan jag, vad hindrar mig, hur gör jag? : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om socialsekreterares upplevelser av handlingsutrymme i barnavårdsutredningar där barn har bevittnat våld." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-168922.
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This study aims to examine social service worker’s perception of factors that complicate and challenge their freedom of action in childcare investigation where children have witnessed violence between parents, and how they manage this in their assessments. Data was collected using qualitative semi-structured interviews with eight social workers from three social offices in Stockholm. The transcriptions from the interviews were analysed via thematic analysis. The results were analysed by using a social theoretical approach. Getting access to children’s perception of the experienced violence is shown in the study as achallenge for the social workers. The conclusions of the study show that high workload, co- operation within different units in the organisation and lack of authority for decision-making are the main factors that complicates the social workers freedom of action in their work. Consequences of these factors lead to less time for the social workers to meet the children and get their voice heard during the investigation work. The study also concludes that professional experience and support from colleagues enable the social workers to managetheir freedom of action during childcare investigations.
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Issa, Sabine, and Tania Karanja. "Våldsexponerade barn i behandling." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25990.
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This study demonstrates that there is variety of treatment interventions for children exposed to intimate violence. These interventions are differentiated in design but a common ground for them all is that they strive to provide a chance for children exposed to intimate violence, to be able to speak about and process their feelings and violent experiences. The study’s aim is to, with a qualitative approach, seek understanding for the different actors who practice social work, see upon their task in the treatment interventions that are provided for children exposed to intimate partner violence. The study is based on mapping the existing treatment interventions for previously mentioned target group, in Malmö. Concerned actors for this study are socialtjänsten (the Social Services), Barnkriscentrum (Children Crisis center), Maskrosen Söder (Dandelion South), Rädda Barnen (Save the Children International) and Barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin (BUP, Children- and youth psychiatry). For a deeper understanding and analyzing of the study’s results, we will use system theory and previous research in the actual disciplinary field. The result shows that concerned treatment interventions in most cases are without aid from the Social Services, which means that the Social Services do not grant these interventions. It is shown that they only recommend treatment interventions done by other intervening actors. Only one of the totals concerned actors, work with a treatment intervention that is granted by the Social Services. When the treatment intervention is heading to its end, it is shown that the professionals usually take the initiative for this kind of decisions. But they usually pay regards to the family’s wishes and needs. The final descicision of a treatment interventions’ ending is taken by the collective consisting of three parties, which are the Social Services, the family in treatment and the actors providing the actual treatment.
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Ryndak, Karen M. "Alibi Witnesses: Willingness to Provide False Alibis." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/501.
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Hamilton’s Rule (1964) involves the notion that the likelihood of an altruistic act being performed is predicted by the degree of relatedness between the recipient and the donor. Therefore, the extent to which people would be willing to lie for a defendant is a function of the degree of biological relationship between the defendant and the alibi witness. The researchers of the current study presented participants with one murder and one burglary packet containing a police report summary and a hypothetical scenario. The summary police report detailed case facts, evidence collected, and witness statements. Following their reading of the police report summary participants made judgments on witness’ credibility, defendant’s guilt and types of evidence. In the hypothetical scenarios, participants were asked to imagine their father or male friend is pleading with them to act as an alibi witness. Participants then agreed or disagreed to serve as an alibi witness. Overall, the researchers found participants were unwilling to provide false alibis, however, when they were, participants gave false alibis for their father more often than for their friend. Limitations may be a restricted sample, evidence certainty, and the yes or no decision to providing a false alibi. Future research should include an examination of individual differences and moral development.
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Richani, Joseph. "Les Preuves dans l'arbitrage international." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869967.
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L'arbitrage est un mode de résolution des litiges par l'intermédiaire d'un tribunal arbitral composé d'un ou plusieurs arbitres. Il permet, comme devant les tribunaux étatiques, de régler un litige en vertu d'une sentence rendue à l'issue d'une procédure arbitrale dans laquelle chacune des parties doit prouver ce qu'elle allègue afin d'établir la conviction des arbitres. C'est par le recours aux divers modes de preuve inspirés des différents systèmes juridiques notamment du système de Common Law et du système de droit civil que les plaideurs pourront atteindre cette finalité.En revanche, parce que l'arbitrage international ne possède ni for ni législation spéciaux, l'administration des preuves dans une instance arbitrale internationale revêt un caractère sui generis de fait que l'arbitrage international a reconnu un système de preuve qui a utilisé les avantages des divers systèmes juridiques. Ainsi, on retrouve que la preuve écrite, qu'elle soit sur support papier ou sur support électronique, est administrée selon le model civiliste qui donne la primauté à une preuve préconstituée à l'avance. Mais, en ce qui concerne la preuve par témoin, l'influence des droits de Common Law paraît claire surtout que dans la plupart des cas, le pouvoir de nommer et d'interroger les témoins revient aux plaideurs qui utilisent la méthode d'Examination lors de l'interrogation des témoins. C'est aussi le cas de l'expertise qui est souvent considérée comme une preuve orale dans laquelle il revient aux parties le pouvoir de désigner les experts et de les interroger suivant l'interrogatoire direct et le contre interrogatoire tout comme des témoins. Ainsi, les preuves dans l'arbitrage international peuvent être reparties en preuves écrites et preuves orales dont les premières sont constituées de l'écrit sur support papier ou sur support électronique et les secondes sont formées par la preuve par témoin et la preuve par expertise.
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Sugden, Chris. "A critical and comparative study of the practice and theology of Christian social witness in Indonesia and India between 1974 and 1983 : With special reference to the work of Wayan Mastra in the Protestant Christian Church of Bali and Vinay Samuel in the Church of South India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380670.
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Wright, Wesley D. "Creating the contagious congregation a pro-active strategy for improving the corporate outreach of the church /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Edwards, Wynne Margaret, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "School-aged children who have witnessed wife abuse : a descriptive study of social, educational, and health issues." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 1987, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/6.
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Since the 1970s, wife abuse has been recognized and studied as a major problem in the Western World. Until this decade, little attention has been directed to the effects of these battering relationships on the children who witnessed them. This exploratory study described a group of children whose mothers had been previously physically abused by their intimate partners. Specifically, the school behavior and achievement, social behavior, and health concerns of the children were described. Twenty school-aged children between the ages of seven and thirteen years formed the sample. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research modes were used in the study. The children and their mothers were interviewed using semi-structured interviews designed for the study. A standardized behavior checklist, the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, was also completed by each mother, which further described her child and allowed for comparisons between the children in this study and children in a normalized sample. Comparisons were made between gender groups within the sample. The data were also reviewed for indications of the modeling behavior described in Social Learning Theory.
Children in the sample were reported to have witnessed the abuse of their mothers for an average of 4.7 years. Child abuse as well as wife abuse had occurred in a high percentage of the homes. There was a high incidence of intergenerational violence in the families of the children studied. Mother and child reports were highly consistent and comparisons based on gender showed no significant differences between boys and girls. Many school problems including a high percentage of school grade repeats were described. Aggressive behavior was reported for over half of the children. Few serious health problems were reported although many of the children complained of headaches and stomachaches. A large number of improvements occurred in the children after the abuse of the mother ended.
In spite of the many problems described, most of the children in the study seemed to be functioning well and the mothers were optimistic about their futures. It was concluded that with the help of such measures as supportive parenting and short-term counselling, these children should continue to function well. However, approximately one quarter of the children had more severe problems and will probably require long-term help.<br>xiv, 125 leaves ; 28 cm
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Ebberline, Jessica. "Child molesters and children as witnesses : spatial behaviour, modus operandi and memory recall." Doctoral thesis, Department of psychology, Lund University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-5181.
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Offenders who target children are a negative phenomenon in our society. These offenders are often seen as the worst of the worst of criminals and are therefore a priority for investigators trying to solve these crimes as fast as possible. The purpose of this thesis is to see if there are common denominators among these offenders in their modus operandi (MO) and their spatial patterns. If similar patterns emerge amongst these offenders, that would be of investigative importance for those who work with crimes against children. In Study I, a group of child molesters and their MO were studied in order to see how they found their victims and where they committed their crimes. The results were consistent with previous studies on child molesters in that they all committed their crimes at home or close to their homes. In Study II, a geographical profiling tool was tested in order to see if such a program could be used to find an offender who made obscene phone calls (OPC) to children. The results showed that the geographical software based on spatial behaviour, was able to narrow down the search area in which the offender actually lived when he committed his crimes. In Study III, the focus was on the potential witnesses/victims and how much a child could remember correctly of a staged event simulating a potential child molester looking for new victims. The results showed that the children’s event memory were comparable with an adult control group. The combined results could be summarized as follows: offenders who target children usually commit their crimes at home or close to home (or base), they tend to lure children to go with them by using bribes or the recruitment of former victims. Girls seem to be the preferred sex over boys. Children could be used as accurate witnesses in these types of crimes.
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Silva, Gleicy Mailly da. "Caminhando pelas ruas, batendo de porta em porta = dinamica religiosa e experiencia social entre testemunhas de Jeova no campo religioso brasileiro." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279337.
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Orientador: Ronaldo Romulo Machado de Almeida<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T14:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: As Testemunhas de Jeová, representadas juridicamente pela Sociedade Torre de Vigia, se formaram nos Estados Unidos, em 1870, à luz de movimentos protestantes fundamentalistas que emergiram no mesmo período, e se consolidaram a partir de uma doutrina rigorosa, fortemente restritiva. Esta pesquisa busca compreender, considerando a dinâmica interna deste grupo, o que faz com que ele se mantenha coeso numa comunidade aparentemente tão restritiva no contexto do campo religioso brasileiro, cuja característica, como inúmeras análises vêm demonstrando, é a intensa flexibilidade entre doutrinas e práticas religiosas. Ao analisar e dar visibilidade aos meios dos quais lançaram mão para crescerem, se organizarem, se expandirem e se manterem no campo religioso, fica evidente a tensão entre mobilidade e radicalidade. Desse modo, termos redutores como "fundamentalismo" e "proselitismo" são colocados em perspectiva, considerando importantes dimensões de conflito que, por fim, inserem as Testemunhas de Jeová nesta dinâmica. É a capacidade de conviverem, rivalizarem, cooptarem, reinventando suas crenças e práticas quando necessário, que torna o grupo flexível de um modo bastante particular, ainda que pareça rígido, onde as mudanças tornam-se recursos importantes para manterem suas crenças e distinção em meio às transformações pelas quais tem passado o campo religioso<br>Abstract: The Jehovah's Witnesses, legally represented by the Watch Tower Bible Society, were formed in the United States, in 1870, in the light of fundamentalists protestants movements which had emerged at the same period, and solidified themselves through a rigorous doctrine, strongly restrictive. This research investigates, considering its internal dynamics, what sustains group cohesion in a community apparently so restrictive in Brazilian religious field context, whose characteristic, as many analyses hás demonstrated, is its intense flexibility between several doctrines and religious practices. By analyzing and giving visibility to the means from which they had resorted for develop, organize, expand and support themselves in the religious field, it is evident the tension between mobility and radicalism. Thereby, limited terms as "fundamentalism" and "proselytism" are placed in perspective, considering important conflict dimensions that, finally, insert the Jehovah's Witnesses in this dynamics.It is the capacity of live together, contend, coopt, reinventing their beliefs and practices whenever necessary, that turns the group flexible in a very particular way, even if it seems strict, where changes become important resources to sustain their beliefs and distinctiveness amid the modifications by which the religious field has been crossing over<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Antropologia Social
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Hildebrand, Gyllerup Emma, and Sara Carlsson. "tills tron skiljer oss åt : hur uppväxten inom Jehovas vittnen påverkar de sociala relationerna." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Hälsa och Samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8216.
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The purpose of this study was to explore how interpersonal relationship can be affected by groing up in a New Religoius Movement such as Jehovah’s Withnesses and how it has affected them both in their youth and today. The aim was also to explore if there were people in the respondents' environment that was significant to them during their childhood and which support our respondents have received if they were in need of it.We have not found any previous research on children's social relationships within the Jehovah's Witnesses. We therefore believe that this study is of high relevance to both society and also for all the professionals who come into contact with these children. To discover a child in need, knowledge about how their social environment looks like is crucial. We chose to conduct qualitative interviews with six former Jehovah's Witnesses. The main theories we have assumed is the theory of social interactionism and cognitive dissonance. The vast majority of our respondents have grown up in a strong relationship with their faithful family and assembly. They believe that they have had a large social network but still felt alone in their concerns and thoughts. Several of the interviewees have experienced dissonance when their beliefs collided with societal values and norms. Some of our interviewees have only had contact with other witnesses (aside from the inevitable contact through school) because they have been taught that "worldly people", or non-Witnesses, are evil and their enemies. Others have had several relationships with people outside the organization and have never experienced this as wrong or strange. The genuine cohesion they experienced during childhood has had a sharp end in connection with the respondents' exclusions, when virtually all the faithful witnesses chosen to turn their back on them. Following the exclusion, several interviewees sought professional help in the form of therapy and they all allege that their upbringing has had negative consequences for them in adulthood.
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Soulier, Virginie. "Donner la parole aux autochtones : Quel est le potentiel de reconnaissance de l'exposition à plusieurs points de vue dans les musées ?" Thesis, Avignon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AVIG1129/document.
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Depuis la fin des années 1980, les collaborations avec les communautés autochtones semblent s’accroître dans les musées canadiens. Un déplacement apparaît de la prise de parole en contexte de revendication au don de parole en contexte muséal. Après la remise en cause des musées ethnologiques, la prise en charge de la parole autochtone annonce le temps de la reconnaissance. Seulement, le mot reconnaissance est employé dans des contextes variés en muséologie. Ses occurrences indiquent plusieurs sens, dérivés de la volonté de redonner dignité et respect aux peuples autochtones et de produire des expositions qui présentent leur patrimoine d’origine à la lumière de leurs points de vue. Selon une approche communicationnelle, notre travail a porté sur les pratiques des musées qui consistent à donner la parole aux peuples autochtones et à l’exposer. Le travail a été centré sur la combinaison des points de vue autochtones avec ceux des concepteurs-muséographes. L’entreprise de la recherche a visé à cerner les opérations induites et générées par cette situation d’entrecroisements de points de vue, plus ou moins discordants, qui doivent, d’une manière ou d’une autre, s’unir dans un même espace communicationnel. Le système polyphonique de l’exposition est conceptualisé en trois moments de médiation : la prise en compte, la monstration et l’interprétation des points de vue autochtones. Ils correspondent aux intentions des concepteurs-muséographes et des expositions, puis à la manière dont elles sont interprétées par les visiteurs. Nous avons réalisé quatre enquêtes de terrain dans onze musées à travers le Canada : observation participante ; entretiens individuels auprès de professionnels des musées ; analyse de discours ; entretiens de groupes auprès de visiteurs autochtones et allochtones. Nous avons examiné les pratiques collaboratives et croisé ces quatre formes de discours des musées afin de mettre à l’épreuve le potentiel de reconnaissance des expositions qui tiennent compte des points de vue des représentants autochtones. Il résulte que la patrimonialisation est conçue en tant que processus de reconnaissance. De plus, l’intensification de la patrimonialisation des objets autochtones est synchronique de l’expansion coloniale. Néanmoins, l’analyse de la prise de distance du concepteur-muséographe vis-à-vis de son point de vue et de celui des autochtones rend compte des relations complexes entre le don de parole, l’autorité de discours et l’auctorialité. Malgré les divergences entre les intentions explicitées par les professionnels et leurs intentions implicites dans les expositions, les discours des visiteurs autochtones et allochtones traduisent un contrat de reconnaissance entre le musée et les visiteurs. Ainsi, le principe polyphonique et ses formes de reconnaissance sont mis en évidence dans les espaces de production et de réception des expositions produites en collaboration. Notre recherche révèle plusieurs modalités de reconnaissance manifestes dans la combinaison et l’entrecroisement des voix autochtones avec celles des praticiens. Cet essai d’interprétation met au jour des conflits d’ordre patrimonial et socio-historique qui engendrent des mécanismes de régulation par assimilation/accommodation. Il décrit deux logiques fondamentales relatives à l’identité et à la mémoire. De ces adaptations mises en œuvre par les musées ressort un phénomène permanent de reconnaissance amorcé depuis la colonisation des territoires autochtones. La recherche suggère finalement d’envisager le musée comme lieu de reconnaissance non seulement du patrimoine, mais aussi des publics et des peuples donateurs et donataires du patrimoine<br>Collaborations with aboriginal communities appear to be increasing in Canadian museums, with the communities shifting from speaking in a context of claiming theirrights to being given a voice in the museum context. In keeping with the questioning about ethnological museums, taking into account the voice of the aboriginal peoplesprefigures since the eighties the time for recognition. But the word recognition is used indiverse museum contexts.Based on a communicational approach, our research considers the links between thepolyphonic and recognition modalities of the exhibition media. We have attempted toidentify and understand the processes induced and generated by exhibitions’ interactionaland intertextual systems. The polyphonic system is conceptualized in three mediation moments in the production and reception spaces of the exhibition: acknowledgment, monstration, and interpretation of aboriginal points of view. They correspond to there cognition intentions of the exhibitions and designers-museographers, then visitors’recognition. We have conducted four field studies in eleven different Canadian museums : participant observation; one-on-one interviews with museum professionals; discourse analysis ; group interviews with native and non-native visitors. We have studied the collaborative practicesand these four types of museum discourses to demonstrate the recognition potential ofexhibitions dedicated to the aboriginals’ perspectives.Our research reveals several recognition modes manifest in the combination andinterlinking of aboriginals’ and practitioners’ voices; it identifies logic in the polysemy ofthe word recognition. This interpretation essay reveals patrimonial and socio-historical conflicts that generate regulation mechanisms through assimilation/accommodation. A permanent recognition phenomenon emerges from the adaptations implemented by themuseums since the beginning of aboriginal patrimonialization during the colonizationperiod. Our research proposes to apprehend the museum as a recognition place of heritage, but also of the general public and the peoples, whether donors or donees of that heritage
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Hatakeyama, Toshihiro. "A smartphone application to reduce the time to AED delivery after a witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized simulation-based study." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/233835.
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Bergqvist, Gisela. "Vem är jag nu? : Identitetens påverkan hos unga vuxna som vuxit upp som Jehovas Vittnen och blivit uteslutna." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbetshälsovetenskap och psykologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35090.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur identiteten hos unga vuxna som vuxit upp inom Jehovas Vittnen påverkas av en uteslutning. Detta utifrån den sociala identitetsteorin och Marcia´s teori om identitetstatusarna i en identitetsutveckling. Studien var kvalitativ med semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta unga vuxna fd. Jehovas Vittnen som vuxit upp i organisationen. Den induktiva tematiska analysen gav tre huvudteman; In- och utgrupps tänkande; underordnande och lydnad samt begynnande distansering och uppvaknande. Ett av resultaten var att deltagarna hade lärt sig redan som barn ett in- och utgruppstänk. och att utifrån denna sociala identifiering begränsades deltagarnas umgänge, till att endast umgås med ingruppen och undvika att umgås med personer i utgruppen. Detta fick effekter vid uteslutning i uppbyggandet av nya sociala relationer, där de saknade referensramar om hur de skulle agera i vissa sammanhang, de visste inte vad som förväntades av dem i samhället, de saknade helhetsbilden av samhället och dess sociala samspel.<br>The purpose of the study was to examine how the identity of young adults raised within Jehovah's Witnesses is affected by exclusion. This is based on the social identity theory and Marcia’s theory of the identity statuses in an identity development. The study was qualitative with semi-structured interviews with eight young adults formerly. Jehovah's Witnesses who grew up in the organization. The inductive thematic analysis yielded three main themes; In- and out-group thinking; subordination and obedience as well as incipient distancing and awakening. One of the results was that the participants had already learned an in- and out-group thinking as children. and that on the basis of this social identification, the participants' contact was limited to only spending time with the ingroup and avoiding contact with people in the outgroup. This had the effect of exclusion in the building of new social relationships, where they lacked a frame of reference on how to act in certain contexts, they did not know what was expected of them in society, they lacked the overall picture of society and its social interaction.
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Karlsson, Jenny, and Ulf Sempert. "ATT VITTNA ELLER INTE VITTNA, DET ÄR FRÅGAN. En kvalitativ studie som undersöker hur individer ur civilsamhället och anställda inom rättsväsendet ser på anonyma vittnen." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24444.
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Syftet med studien var att med kvalitativ forskningsmetod undersöka vilka tankar och attityder individer ur civilsamhället som varit utsatta för eller bevittnat ett brott och sakkunniga inom rättsväsendet har kring fenomenet anonyma vittnen. Vi ämnade även undersöka om en tillämpning av anonyma vittnen i svenska domstolar skulle förändra respondenternas syn på sin egen benägenhet att vittna. Slutligen undersökte studien om respondenterna upplevde att rättssäkerheten skulle komma att påverkas om det svenska rättsväsendet skulle tillåta anonyma vittnen. Tio personer intervjuades, varav hälften var anställda av rättsväsendet och hälften var civila utanför rättsväsendet. Intervjudatan analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att respondenterna från civilsamhället i stort var positiva till att fullfölja sin vittnesplikt så länge det inte fanns någon hotbild. Förekom det en hotbild skulle de endast kunna tänka sig att vittna anonymt. Resultatet visade vidare att majoriteten av respondenterna från rättsväsendet ansåg att rättssystemet var eftersatt när det kom till att bekämpa den grova och organiserade brottsligheten. Några respondenter menade att anonyma vittnen kunde vara en väg att gå för att göra samhället mer rättssäkert då vittnesplikten i vissa fall spelat ut sin roll. Resultatet visade även att både respondenter från civilsamhället och rättsväsendet ansåg att det fanns utmaningar i praktiken med en tillämpning av anonyma vittnen. Båda grupperna kunde peka på både rättspsykologiska och juridiska fördelar och nackdelar med anonyma vittnen.Slutsatsen är att anonyma vittnen kan göra att benägenheten att vittna ökar från civilsamhällets sida. Det finns en möjlighet att anonyma vittnen kan göra samhället både mer rättssäkert och mindre rättssäkert. Det är ett ämne som bör undersökas mer noggrant genom att väga både fördelar och nackdelar.<br>With the help of a qualitative research method the purpose of the study was to analyze the thoughts and attitudes of the general public (who have been exposed to/or witnessed a crime) as well as experts in the judicial system, regarding the phenomenon of anonymous witnesses. We also intended to examine whether an application of ‘anonymous witnesses’ in Swedish courts would make the respondents more or less inclined to testify. Finally, the study would examine whether the respondents felt that legal certainty would be affected if the Swedish judicial system allowed anonymous witnesses. Ten people were interviewed, half of whom were employees of the judiciary and half were civilians outside the judiciary. The interview data was analyzed with thematic analysis. The result showed that the general public was positive to testify as long as there was no threat scenario. If there was a threat scenario, they would only consider testifying anonymously. The result also showed that the majority of respondents from the judiciary felt that the legal system was neglected when it came to fight the major and organized crime. Some argued that anonymous witnesses could be an approach to make society more legally certain as the obligation to testify in some cases no longer is needed. The results also showed that both respondents from the general public and the judiciary considered it to be a challenge when using anonymous witnesses in practice. Both groups could point to both psychological and legal benefits and disadvantages of anonymous witnesses.The conclusion is that anonymous witnesses can make the general public’s propensity to witness increase. There is a possibility that anonymous witnesses can make society both more legally certain and less legally certain and it should be subject to closer examination by weighing both advantages and disadvantages against each other.