Academic literature on the topic 'Social witness; Unemployment'

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Journal articles on the topic "Social witness; Unemployment"

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Puplick, Chris. "Discrimination and the world of Work A Coming." Australian Journal of Career Development 6, no. 1 (April 1997): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629700600111.

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Working life is in the process of radical and rapid transformation. Unemployment remaining high through recession and recovery, corporate downsizing, more casual and part-time work together with more intense job insecurity mark the outlines of the emergent “30–30–40” society. At the same time, Australian society is also being transformed by such influences as a more evidently diverse population arising from migration inflows and the changing social and economic roles of men and women. In these changes, Australia reflects internationally observable phenomena. Discrimination law both encourages and stands witness to such transformations, but appears so far to have limited influence in promoting disadvantaged minorities to the top tables of privilege. Women, people from non-English-speaking backgrounds and indigenous Australians are more evident in the workplace, but access and equity questions for them remain unresolved. Nonetheless, acceptance of social diversity and the ability to navigate it will provide the keys to the future.
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', Abdul Waheed. "The Employment Effect of Innovation: Evidence from Bangladesh and Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 56, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v56i2pp.105-126.

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The analysis of the impact of innovation on employment growth is an important topic for policy-makers. Unemployment is an important social topic, and the effects of innovation on employment are often poorly understood. Despite the significance of this relationship, very few studies on this topic are yet available for developing countries compared with the developed ones. This paper contributes to this scant literature by investigating the employment effects of innovation for two South Asian developing countries: Bangladesh and Pakistan. We further analyse whether this relationship shows country-specific and industry-specific differences. Our analysis shows that both product and process innovation spur employment in this region as a whole, in both low-tech and high-tech industries, even after controlling for a number of firm-specific characteristics. Moreover, although both innovation types also have significant, positive impacts on employment growth of all Bangladeshi and of all Pakistani firms separately, they are important factors for employment growth of only high-tech Bangladeshi firms and of only low-tech Pakistani firms. Contrary to most previous studies, we witness an insignificant effect of growth of labour cost on employment growth, perhaps due to the availability of cheaper labour force compared with the developed countries. We notice that some of the innovation determinants exert different influences across industries and across both countries. The same holds true for the determinants of employment growth. JEL Classification: J23, O31, O33 Keywords: Bangladesh, Employment Growth, Pakistan, Product Innovation, Process Innovation
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Bobrovnikov, Vladimir. "“Islamic Revival” in Dagestan: 25 years later." Islamology 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24848/islmlg.07.1.06.

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More than twenty five years passed from the beginning of the Islamic growth in Dagestan. It is the time to evaluate this phenomenon. As specialist in Oriental studies and social anthropology I am going to do it on the basis of archival and field research materials gathered in the republic from the autumn 1992 till the summer of 2016. I happened to witness the very beginning of the Islamic growth as well as fall of enthusiasm related to Islam. This paper aims to clarify the nature and results of the Islamic growth. What was the reason of the so-called Islamic revival? How does it correlate to the imperial Soviet past in Russian Caucasus? What did the Islamic growth result in? What was eventually revived if any? And last but not least — how was the return of Islam to public sphere related to the growth of conflicts and social instability in the region? The fall of the one-party Soviet system was accompanied with the appearance of numerous Islamic parties and movements. All of them appealed to the restoration of religious freedom for Muslims, the return from the official state atheism to Islam, consolidation of Russia’s Muslims on the basis of Shari‘a and to the revival of high pre-Soviet Islamic culture in perspective. Post-Soviet Islamic parties appeared to be strikingly short-lived: all of them disappeared already in the 1990s. Hopes on Islam as the means of political liberation and national self-determination of Soviet Muslims in Dagestan proved to be wrong. Politics seems not to be a stable factor of the Islamic growth. Religious statistics defines it better. One should note unprecedented growth of religious Islamic institutions in Dagestan. However the quantity does not mean quality. Islamic cultural revival did not yet happen in the republic. It seems that the Soviet past still affects Dagestani Muslims stronger that it seems at first sight. Following Soviet reforms and forced secularization pre-revolutionary Muslim society exists no more. The general course of the Islamic growth was much affected by transformation of post-Soviet Russian polity in the region, economic devastation, growing unemployment and aftermath of two bloody Russian-Chechen wars. In addition, the so-called Wahhabi opposition appeared to be a serious challenge to the post-Soviet Russian rule in the Caucasus. Nowadays it disappears but other radical Muslim movements such as Hizb al-Takhrir were introduced in the region.
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Jumpah, Emmanuel Tetteh, Richard Ampadu-Ameyaw, and Johnny Owusu-Arthur. "Youth employment in Ghana: economic and social development policies perspective." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 16, no. 4 (September 14, 2020): 413–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-07-2019-0060.

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PurposeCreating employment opportunities for the youth remains a dilemma for policymakers. In many cases, policies and programmes to tackle youth unemployment have produced little results, because such initiatives have failed to consider some fundamental inputs. In Ghana, youth unemployment rate has doubled or more than doubled the national average unemployment rate in recent years. The current study, therefore, examines how policies in the past two decades have affected youth unemployment rate and other development outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe study reviewed national economic development policy documents from 1996 to 2017 and other relevant policies aimed at creating employment opportunities for the youth, applying the content analysis procedure. Four main policy documents were reviewed in this regard. Data from secondary sources including International Labour Organisation (ILO), World Bank (WB), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) were analysed to examine the trends in youth unemployment rate, human development index and GDP growth rate in Ghana over the years. There were also formal and informal consultations with youth and development practitioners.FindingsThe results of the study show that policies that promote general growth in the economy reduce youth unemployment, while continuation of existing youth programmes, expansion, as well as addition of new ones by new governments reduces youth unemployment rate. In particular, GDP growth and youth unemployment rate trend in opposite direction; periods of increased growth have reduced youth unemployment rate and vice versa. The period of Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda I & II witnessed better reduction (5.7%) in youth unemployment rate than any of the policy periods. This was not sustained, and despite the current youth employment initiatives, unemployment among young people still remained higher than the national average.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides relevant information on how development policies and programmes affect youth unemployment rate over time. In as much as it is not the interest of the study, the study stops short of empirical estimation to determine the level of GDP growth rate that can reduce a particular level of youth unemployment, which is a case for further research. Nevertheless, the outcome of the study reflects the data and methodology used.Originality/valueTo the best of the knowledge of the authors, this is a first study in Ghana that has attempted to directly link development outcomes such as youth unemployment to national economic development policies, although there are studies that have analysed the policy gaps and implementation challenges. This paper, therefore, bridges the knowledge of how development policies affect youth employment opportunities, particularly for Ghana.
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Molina, Julian. "Scrutinising statistics, questioning BME unemployment: the uses of labour market statistics in Parliamentary Select Committee evidence sessions." Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice 15, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 543–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/174426418x15337549905868.

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This article describes how statistics are scrutinised as evidence. It focuses on the uses of a labour market statistic during House of Commons select committee evidence sessions. The statistic in question was ‘55.5% of economically active black men, aged 16‐24, are unemployed’. The article describes how this individual piece of evidence was scrutinised through ‘ordinary’ interactional practices. By drawing on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, the article describes how questions and answers about this piece of evidence were organised by politicians, policymakers and witnesses. These members accounted for this statistic by expressing horror, questioning and interrupting witnesses, giving analyses of educational attainment, critiquing the validity of the statistic, citing factors such as ‘unconscious bias’, professing they were working hard, and sanctioning witnesses’ answers. The article shows how statistical evidence is both a tool and an object of scrutiny, a basic component for policy deliberation, and how it is interactionally organised through ‘ordinary’ practices.
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Botha, Nico. "AN ENCOUNTER BETWEEN BLACK THEOLOGY AND REFORMED THEOLOGY: THE INVOLVEMENT OF GOVENDER, MAZAMISA, MOFOKENG AND NTOANE." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 41, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/347.

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During the nineteen eighties numerous meaningful booklets were published by Christian groups on social analysis and against an apartheid society. Less known, but extremely powerful, four black Dutch Reformed theologians wrote similar sophisticated doctorate theses. This article delineates the gist of these messages to honour Takatso Mofokeng. The urgent question is also whether these alarming analyses and bone-cutting witnesses would be relevant for the contemporary situation regarding the horrific violence, un-arrested poverty, unemployment, rampant ‘official’ theft and crime. The outcome is that this type of hermeneutics keeps the dream of freedom alive and rekindles hope towards renewal.
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Lester, David, and Yukio Saito. "The Reasons for Suicide in Japan." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 38, no. 1 (February 1999): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3lxw-by6v-561v-cc42.

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A study of the reasons for suicide from 1978 to 1995 in Japan revealed strong trends over time and strong gender differences. For both men and women, suicides due to relationship problems became less common over the period; for men job stress became a more common precipitant, while for women psychiatric disorder became a more common precipitant. Years of high unemployment witnessed higher proportions of suicides due to economic hardship, lending support to the reliability and validity of these data.
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Borooah, Vani K., Donal A. Dineen, and Nicola Lynch. "Health, Employment and the Quality of Life in Ireland." Irish Journal of Sociology 19, no. 2 (November 2011): 144–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijs.19.2.10.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the Quality of Life (QoL) in Ireland using a sample of 3,500 respondents to the Irish Health Service Executive's Survey of Consumers' Experience of the Health Services in Ireland (HSE Survey) carried out between November 2006 and March 2007. Using an ordered logit model, we show that the likelihood of being satisfied with one's QoL is enhanced by social class, income, employment and, above all, by health. The methodology's ability to identify persons who might be ‘at risk’ from a low QoL allows one to speculate on the QoL in Ireland today, in the winter of its discontent, compared to that in 2006–07 when it basked in the summer of the Celtic Tiger. In present circumstances, one would expect that joblessness would play a much more important role in determining QoL: prior to 2008, unemployment meant a short wait till a suitable job turned up; now it is more likely to involve either a protracted search at home or emigration. Furthermore, since unemployment often leads to bad health outcomes, one can be reasonably certain that the QoL associated with a 14 per cent unemployment rate will be considerably worse than those witnessed during the halcyon days of the economic boom. This raises the question of how this additional, recession-induced demand for health services will be met at a time when public expenditure on health in Ireland is to be cut by €1.4 billion over the next four years.
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Pandya, Sophia. "“The War Took Us Backwards”." Hawwa 16, no. 1-3 (November 27, 2018): 266–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341340.

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AbstractIf political activities (demonstration, revolution, war) can be understood as forms of ritual performance in which temporary social hegemonic inversions typically are followed by competing efforts to restore structure or define a new structure, then under what conditions would they offer potential for changes in family dynamics and gender roles? The past few years in Yemen have witnessed extraordinary political and socioeconomic turbulence, from the 2011 Arab Spring revolution to the 2015 brutal war. Yemeni families have been significantly impacted in myriad ways, including displacement, family separation, poverty, violence, unemployment, sectarian strife, disruption of education, and mental illness. Men and women have demonstrated a high level of public activism during the Arab Spring and the war, further altering family dynamics and the gendered social tapestry, in a highly patriarchal country. Social “disorder,” including modification of gender roles, is often challenged by those desiring to restore “order,” the “traditional” family structure, and patriarchy. This study analyzes gendered dimensions of the “Yemen Spring” and the subsequent war, with a particular focus on the link between gendered family dynamics and the sociopolitical landscape, also considering the role religion and religious groups play.
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Murphy, Enda, and Julien Mercille. "(Re)making labour markets and economic crises: The case of Ireland." Economic and Labour Relations Review 30, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304619829015.

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The 2008 economic crisis has had significant impacts on labour markets around the world. In Europe, in particular, the need for internal devaluation within European Union nations in financial difficulty precipitated a wave of labour market reforms alongside the reform of welfare systems struggling to cope with high levels of unemployment. Various analyses have explored the nature of these changes separately for the labour market and welfare systems. Using a conceptual framework rooted in a political economy understanding the social nature of labour, this article takes an inclusive approach to understanding regulatory changes for both employed and unemployed labour. We do this using the case of Ireland, a country that went through a severe economic crisis, was subject to a European Union/European Central Bank/International Monetary Fund bailout in 2010 and witnessed one of the most significant labour market crises in Europe. The Irish case is instructive because it highlights both the range and depth of regulatory interventions utilised by the state during periods of crisis to deal with the social nature of labour and its role under advanced capitalism. JEL codes: J01, J08, J48.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social witness; Unemployment"

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Ciechanowicz, Edward Leigh Bundock. "The Church of England and the unemployed : 1919-1939." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390371.

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Books on the topic "Social witness; Unemployment"

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Nayyar, Deepak, ed. Asian Transformations. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844938.001.0001.

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Gunnar Myrdal published his magnum opus, Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations, in 1968. He was deeply pessimistic about development prospects in Asia. The fifty years since then have witnessed a remarkable social and economic transformation in Asia – even if it has been uneven across countries and unequal between people – that would have been difficult to imagine, let alone predict at the time. This book analyses the fascinating story of economic development in Asia spanning half a century. The study is divided into three parts. The first part sets the stage by discussing the contribution of Gunnar Myrdal, the author, and Asian Drama, the book, to the debate on development then and now, and by providing a long-term historical perspective on Asia in the world. The second part comprises cross-country thematic studies on governments, economic openness, agricultural transformation, industrialization, macroeconomics, poverty and inequality, education and health, employment and unemployment, institutions and nationalisms, analysing processes of change while recognizing the diversity in paths and outcomes. The third part is constituted by country-studies on China, India, Indonesia and Vietnam, and sub-region studies on East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia, highlighting turning points in economic performance and analysing factors underlying success or failure. This book, with in-depth studies by eminent economists and social scientists, is the first to examine the phenomenal changes which are transforming economies in Asia and shifting the balance of economic power in the world, while reflecting on the future prospects in Asia over the next twenty-five years. It is a must-read.
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Book chapters on the topic "Social witness; Unemployment"

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Bisht, Nitin, and Falguni Pattanaik. "Youth Labour Market in India." In Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 172–96. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2779-5.ch009.

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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 prioritizes active engagement of youth in achieving the targets. Aligning the pathway towards achieving youth specific SDGs (Target 4.4 and 8.5), the study examines the current situation of the youth labour market in India. For this purpose, the study analyzes National Sample Survey data on employment and unemployment from 50th round (1993/94) to 68th round (2011/12). The study engages trend analysis of key indicators of labour market. Logistic regression is applied to address the magnitude of socio-economic and demographic determinants on youth employment. The study finds an overall decline in the employment status of youth despite the ongoing demographic dividend phase. Postgraduate and graduate youth witness the highest unemployment indicating a grim role of labour market in engaging the educated youth. The findings raise concern for achieving the targets of SDGs, as a high share of educated youth strives for decent and gainful employment.
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Amone, William, Dick Nuwamanya Kamuganga, and Godswill Makombe. "Promoting Agricultural Productivity and Inclusive Growth in Uganda." In Socio-Economic Development, 1528–41. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7311-1.ch078.

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Although many countries in the world including Uganda witnessed high rates of economic growth in the last three decades, the strong growth has failed to holistically deliver the expected prosperity. Amidst Uganda's strong growth of about 7% per annum, of the recent decades, poverty, unemployment and inequality have remained pervasive especially in the rural areas; an indication that the growth process has not been pro-poor and inclusive of the deprived. Agriculture which is the sector employing majority of Uganda's poor has also not developed much; within the same period the sector grew at an average rate of 2% per annum and its productivity has remained considerably low. This chapter reviews the trending conception of inclusive economic growth, and its relevance to Uganda's development process. In its final section, the chapter assesses the factors that affect agricultural productivity and it discusses the most effective means of raising productivity in order to make the growth process of the country more broad-base, pro-poor and inclusive.
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Karmakar, Asim Kumar, and Sebak Kumar Jana. "The Social Impact of the Financial Crises in the Recent Past and Evidence Thereof." In Socio-Economic Development, 1428–41. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7311-1.ch073.

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Financial crises have significant short-term and long-term social costs. As a result, economic and social indicators have dwindled significantly since 2007. The soar in the unemployment rate has been most marked in so called advanced economies, reaching alarming levels in the tangential Europe with more than half of the young labour force unemployed in Greece and Spain. What is more, the crises, one global and another Euro zone financial crisis, have inexplicably hurt the poor. The progress in poverty alleviation has been not smooth across regions, and the pace has slowed since 2007 across the board. The crisis has also created challenges to the achievement of other development targets, including reduction of the occurrence of malnutrition and mortality rates, and civilizing gender equality in education and access to hygienic water and sanitation. This also suggests a significant loss or a reversal of the progress in development. In the above background, this paper presents evidence on the extent to which the global financial crisis and other crises since 2007 has been associated with deteriorating economic and social well-being indicators with a special focus on India. The results clearly indicate that poverty levels have been falling before the pre-crisis period but the post-crisis period witnessed a jump in the poverty rates across India.
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Karmakar, Asim Kumar, and Sebak Kumar Jana. "The Social Impact of the Financial Crises in the Recent Past and Evidence Thereof." In Wealth Creation and Poverty Reduction, 468–81. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1207-4.ch028.

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Financial crises have significant short-term and long-term social costs. As a result, economic and social indicators have dwindled significantly since 2007. The soar in the unemployment rate has been most marked in so called advanced economies, reaching alarming levels in the tangential Europe with more than half of the young labour force unemployed in Greece and Spain. What is more, the crises, one global and another Euro zone financial crisis, have inexplicably hurt the poor. The progress in poverty alleviation has been not smooth across regions, and the pace has slowed since 2007 across the board. The crisis has also created challenges to the achievement of other development targets, including reduction of the occurrence of malnutrition and mortality rates, and civilizing gender equality in education and access to hygienic water and sanitation. This also suggests a significant loss or a reversal of the progress in development. In the above background, this paper presents evidence on the extent to which the global financial crisis and other crises since 2007 has been associated with deteriorating economic and social well-being indicators with a special focus on India. The results clearly indicate that poverty levels have been falling before the pre-crisis period but the post-crisis period witnessed a jump in the poverty rates across India.
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"decency, compassion. Neighbours resembles the down-home, wholesome populism of a Frank Capra comedy except that its suburban protagonists are saved the trouble of traveling to and from a big city to discover their true values. 8 Differences are resolved, dissolved, or repressed The characters are “almost compulsively articulate about problems and feelings” (Tyrer 1987). Crises are solved quickly, usually amicably. Conflict is thus managed almost psychotherapeutically by and within the inner circle of family, and the outer circle of Ramsay Street. Witness the episode broadcast on April 23, 1992 in Australia: after fire destroys much of Gaby’s clothes boutique, three female neighbors remake the lost stock, while three male neighbors clear up the debris from the shop. As the theme song has it: “Neighbours should be there for one another.” Incursions of conflict from the social world beyond these charmed circles are treated tokenistically or spirited away. The program blurs or represses differences of gender politics, sexual preference, age, and ethnicity. Domestic violence and homosexuality, male or female, are unknown. Age differences are subsumed within family love and tolerance. Aboriginal characters manage a two-episode plot line at most (Craven 1989: 18), and Greeks, despite the real Melbourne being the third largest Greek city in the world, figure rarely. Neighbours-watchers could likewise be forgiven for not knowing that Melbourne has the largest Jewish community in Australia. The program elides questions of disability, alcoholism, or religious difference. It displaces drug addiction on to a friend outside immediate family circles (Cousin 1992). Unemployment as a social issue is subordinated to the humanist characterization of Brad, for instance, as dopey, happy-go-lucky surfie. Neighbours counterposes suburban escapism to the high-gloss escapism of Santa Barbara. 9 Depoliticized middle-class citizenship These “cosy parish pump narratives,” as Ian Craven calls them, depoliticize the everyday (Craven 1989: 21). Such good middle-class suburban citizenship is roundly condemned by no less than Germaine Greer: The world of Neighbours is the world of the detergent commercial; everything from the kitchen worktops to the S-bend is squeaky clean. Everyone’s hair and underwear is freshly laundered. No one is shabby or eccentric; no one is poor or any colour but white. Neighbours is the Australian version of the American dream, owner-occupied, White-Anglo-Saxon-Protestant paradise. (Greer 1989) In this blithely comfortable middle-class ethos, the characters seem never to have problems with mortgage repayments. Commenting on the opening episodes of Neighbours, a British critic underlines its property-owning values:." In To Be Continued..., 111. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203131855-13.

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