Academic literature on the topic 'Social welfare – history'
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Journal articles on the topic "Social welfare – history"
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Berkowitz, Edward D., Daniel Levine, Stanley Wenocur, Michael Reisch, Margaret Weir, Shola Orloff, and Theda Skocpol. "The Social Welfare History State." Reviews in American History 18, no. 1 (March 1990): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702732.
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Reisch, Michael, and Karen M. Staller. "Teaching Social Welfare History and Social Welfare Policy From a Conflict Perspective." Journal of Teaching in Social Work 31, no. 2 (April 29, 2011): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08841233.2011.562134.
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Stern, Mark J. "Michael Katz's Contribution to Social and Social Welfare History." Social Science History 41, no. 4 (2017): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2017.32.
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Michael Katz began work on social welfare during the late 1970s with a project entitled “The Casualties of Industrialization.” That project led to a series of essays, Poverty and Policy in American History (Katz 1983), and a few years later to In the Shadow of the Poorhouse (Katz 1986). His reading in twentieth-century literature for Shadow—and the ideological and policy nostrums of the Reagan administration—allowed Katz to pivot to two books that frame contemporary welfare debates in their historical context—The Undeserving Poor in 1989 and The Price of Citizenship in 2001, as well as a set of essays Improving Poor People (Katz 1995) that he published between the two.
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McClymer, John F., and Bruce S. Jansson. "The Reluctant Welfare State: A History of American Social Welfare Policies." Journal of American History 75, no. 3 (December 1988): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1901565.
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Johnson, Paul. "Social Policy in Europe in the Twentieth Century." Contemporary European History 2, no. 2 (July 1993): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300000424.
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The 1980s proved to be a tough decade for European welfare states. The post-war ‘welfare consensus’, which perhaps had never been quite so strong or coherent as many contemporary historians and commentators had assumed, was finally laid to rest. The five great spectres identified by Beveridge want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness had not been humbled by public welfare provision despite its ever growing scale and cost. At the beginning of the 1980s the OECD published a report on The Welfare State in Crisis which pointed out that as welfare state expenditure had roughly doubled as a percentage of national income in most west European countries since the late 1950s, so economic growth rates had plummeted. The European welfare states appeared to produce few positive welfare benefits, and this minimal achievement was produced at enormous cost which was to the detriment of overall economic growth and societal well-being.
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BERKOWITZ, EDWARD D. "Social Welfare History in the Age of Diversity." Journal of Policy History 33, no. 4 (October 2021): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030621000191.
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AbstractThis policy perspective discusses three important social welfare programs—Social Security Disability Insurance, Medicare, and Temporary Aid to Needy Families—and offers an explanation of how they have expanded over time.
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Graham, Courtney, Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk, and Becca Franks. "Zebrafish welfare: Natural history, social motivation and behaviour." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 200 (March 2018): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2017.11.005.
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S, Sadhasivam. "Social Welfare in India." December 2023 2, no. 2 (December 2023): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/rrrj.2023.2.010.
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In spite of social issues like destitution, financial inequality, etc., developing countries like India strive to have unprecedented economic growth. India has two different social welfare sectors. One is formal or organized and another one is informal or unorganized sector. The organized sector is run directly by the government, state-owned businesses, and private companies. It offers their workers a fair amount of social protection through mandatory laws covering certain things. The unorganized sector is covered by a defective network of social welfare and benefits offered by the national government of a federation and the relevant state governments. This article describes the constitutional position of welfare in India along with an outline of its historical development. With regard to the unorganized sector of the economy, it offers a summary of some major promotions and safety-oriented welfare programs and policies, including those that deal with problems like unemployment, health, education, and poverty. Further, it discusses the history and evolution of central and respective state governments in social welfare, the goals and nature of social welfare, and social welfare schemes.
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Pimpare, Stephen. "Toward a New Welfare History." Journal of Policy History 19, no. 2 (April 2007): 234–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2007.0012.
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Histories of American welfare have been stories about the state. Like Walter Trattner's widely read From Poor Law to Welfare State, now in its sixth edition, they have offered a narrative about the slow but steady expansion and elaboration of state and federal protections granted to poor and working people, and have usually done so by charting increases in government expenditures, by documenting the institutionalization of welfare bureaucracies, and by tracing rises or declines in poverty, unemployment, and other aggregate measures of well-being. This has been the case even in more critical accounts that emphasize that American social welfare history is not a story just of progress, such as Michael Katz's In the Shadow of the Poorhouse. These narratives have emphasized programs, not people (whether it is the poorhouse, the asylum, and mother's pensions, or the more recent innovations of national unemployment insurance, Social Security, AFDC and TANF, and Medicare and Medicaid). In the investigations of the welfare state that dominate academic research, the content and timing of government policy itself has served as the dependent variable, while the independent variables have been a congeries of interests, institutions, and policy entrepreneurs. Our attention has been focused upon what government has done, why it was done, and what the effects were as measured in official data.
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Kuhnle, Stein. "Turning Point for the European Social Model?" Current History 109, no. 725 (March 1, 2010): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2010.109.725.99.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Social welfare – history"
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Adams, E., and Jamie Branam Kridler. "A History of Socials Welfare in America." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5850.
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Gleeson, Damian John School of History UNSW. "The professionalisation of Australian catholic social welfare, 1920-1985." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of History, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26952.
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This thesis explores the neglected history of Australian Catholic social welfare, focusing on the period, 1920-85. Central to this study is a comparative analysis of diocesan welfare bureaux (Centacare), especially the Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide agencies. Starting with the origins of professional welfare at local levels, this thesis shows the growth in Catholic welfare services across Australia. The significant transition from voluntary to professional Catholic welfare in Australia is a key theme. Lay trained women inspired the transformation in the church???s welfare services. Prepared predominantly by their American training, these women devoted their lives to fostering social work in the Church and within the broader community. The women demonstrated vision and tenacity in introducing new policies and practices across the disparate and unco-ordinated Australian Catholic welfare sector. Their determination challenged the status quo, especially the church???s preference for institutionalisation of children, though they packaged their reforms with compassion and pragmatism. Trained social workers offered specialised guidance though such efforts were often not appreciated before the 1960s. New approaches to welfare and the co-ordination of services attracted varying degrees of resistance and opposition from traditional Catholic charity providers: religious orders and the voluntary-based St Vincent de Paul Society (SVdP). For much of the period under review diocesan bureaux experienced close scrutiny from their ordinaries (bishops), regular financial difficulties, and competition from other church-based charities for status and funding. Following the lead of lay women, clerics such as Bishop Algy Thomas, Monsignor Frank McCosker and Fr Peter Phibbs (Sydney); Bishop Eric Perkins (Melbourne), Frs Terry Holland and Luke Roberts (Adelaide), consolidated Catholic social welfare. For four decades an unprecedented Sydney-Melbourne partnership between McCosker and Perkins had a major impact on Catholic social policy, through peak bodies such as the National Catholic Welfare Committee and its successor the Australian Catholic Social Welfare Commission. The intersection between church and state is examined in terms of welfare policies and state aid for service delivery. Peak bodies secured state aid for the church???s welfare agencies, which, given insufficient church funding proved crucial by the mid 1980s.
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Tait, Irvine Wallace. "Voluntarism and the state in British social welfare 1914-1939." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5065/.
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The New Right's critique of the welfare state has generated considerable interest in the history of alternative forms of welfare provision. Recent work has focused upon the continued existence of voluntarism alongside the growth of twentieth century state welfare. In doing this, it has reacted against the tendency of post-war social welfare writing to concentrate exclusively on the statutory social services. This thesis, therefore, adds to a growing body of writing on inter-war voluntary social action. However, it differs from the work of others by focusing upon the interplay of voluntary and statutory sectors in the face of war, industrial unrest and mass unemployment: in other words the upheavals of the early twentieth century. The main body of the research not only deals with the part played by both sectors in the delivery of social services, but also places voluntarism in a wider social context by exploring its ideological response to working-class assertiveness. Indeed, the belief in a British national community with interests that transcended class or sectional divisions was a common feature in voluntarism's attitude towards the above challenges and their implications for social stability. Thus, by highlighting the class objectives of the middle-class volunteer, this thesis avoids treating voluntary groups as simply the deliverers of social services in partnership with the state. As middle-class organisations operating within civil society, the charities covered in the pages ahead are placed alongside the state and capital in the defence of the existing economic and social order. Differences may have existed amongst charities over the correct mix in the statutory-voluntary welfare mix, but, as this thesis seeks to prove, this should not blind us to voluntarism's commitment to an over riding class interest.
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Shafer, Linda K. "Rethinking the history of social welfare policy : poverty, citizenship and ideology in antebellum debates /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9986758.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-266). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Low, Murray McIntosh. "The social democratic model and the American states : a study in welfare state geography /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848078451513.
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Bennett-Ruete, Jackie. "A social history of Bad Ems : spa culture and the welfare state in Germany." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1987. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66766/.
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This thesis is about the spa town of Bad Ems in West Germany - its social and economic development. It analyses the town's rise to fame as a fashionable centre for relaxation and recuperation and the emergence of a 'spa culture' in the nineteenth century. It also studies the impact of the gradual 'democratisation' of cures i.e. how spa towns like Bad Ems changed in this century with the increase in the number of cure-guests funded by the statutory insurance bodies. This inevitably involves an examination of the system of national health provision from the late 19th century and the incorporation of spa treatment into benefit schemes. The subsequent analysis of medical knowledge and opinion, with particular reference to spa remedies and treatment considers both medical practitioners in Bad Ems and the development of the science of balneology over the past one hundred and fifty years. This analysis includes the debates and arguments about the modern cure and the growing concern since the Second World War with the efficiency and effectiveness of social insurance cures. Finally, this study looks at the cure-takers themselves, both in their relationship with the medical profession and their experience of spa life. Because no comprehensive study of Germany's spas has been attempted, this thesis aims to bring together different perspectives adopted by various disciplines. However, given the present state of research, it seemed that the only viable approach would be through a case study which analyses the town of Bad Ems at a grass-root level, though without ignoring the impact of national events and policies in Germany on cure-taking and spa culture. The findings of the research indicate that the introduction of cures as a benefit of national welfare policies ensured the survival of spas as health centres. No less importantly, today a cure is no longer the preserve of a wealthy elite as in the 19th century but available to all Germans. The success of cures in Germany today would also seem to reflect a culturally specific attitude to health and illness which stands in marked contrast to that in this country where spas have declined and where there is little interest in the forms of treatment offered by mineral springs and thermal waters.
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Flores-Martinez, Artemisa. "Women's empowerment and the welfare of children." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59698/.
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This thesis investigates whether women's empowerment affects children's wellbeing in two developing countries: Mexico and India. The first chapter provides a background on women's empowerment. The second chapter evaluates a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program, which provides poor women in Mexico with tools to be better mothers, in terms of its impact on birthweight. The third chapter analyses whether empowered women, referred as those who have progressive gender attitudes, are more likely to have a firstborn girl in Delhi, India. Specifically, the second chapter evaluates PROGRESA-Oportunidades, a program that pays mothers cash in exchange of their investment in their children's human capital: education, health, and nutrition. Using quantile regressions, the chapter finds a positive and significant program effect, but babies at the upper tail of the conditional birthweight distribution seem to have benefited the most. Moreover, maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with a 459-gram decrease on birthweights at the 20th percentile of the conditional distribution, completely wiping out any program benefits. This effect is not picked up by least squares regression estimates, which is the technique used by previous literature on the subject. The third chapter turns to India, a country that has lost millions of girls to sex-selective abortions. The chapter first constructs a women's empowerment (progressivity ) index using a latent factor model, and then assesses whether progressive women are more likely to have a firstborn girl in Delhi. The latter territory has, unlike the Indian average, 'missing' women even among first order births. The results show that a one-standard deviation increase in the progressivity index is associated with a 5.8-percentage point increase in the likelihood of a firstborn girl relative to women who have not yet given birth.
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Hollis, Sylvea. "Race, capitalism, and social welfare after the Civil War, 1864-1911: the CKOP and the COC." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6137.
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“Race, Capitalism, and Social Welfare after the Civil War, 1864-1911: The CKOP and the COC” is a cultural history. It examines the African American fraternal association, the Colored Knights of Pythias and their women’s auxiliary, the Court of Calanthe. The project straddles the periods before and after enslaved people’s relationship to labor and capitalism shifted in the US. For example, free and enslaved blacks purchased and owned goods before emancipation, but slavery’s demise created a new landscape for many African Americans in the transition from their bodies being considered commodities and contrabands to free laborers. Who were the people who were drawn to fraternal insurance as a product? What did their communities look like? What distinctions emerge in places that fought the hardest to create such tools as insurance among fraternals? This project uncovers the wartime and post-Civil War biographies of CKOP and COC members in order to create a more intimate story of their lives and understood how they responded to the political and economic risks of post-Reconstruction existence in the South. My project makes four key interventions. First, a more mature understanding of the capitalist state emerged in African American communities after the Civil War and understanding how African Americans interpreted this transition is important. Telling this story also means creating space to examine how freedmen and freeborn African Americans imagined their new relationship to capitalism as well as to each other. Secondly, both women and men believed their gender empowered them to also organize for social welfare and reform. Third, internal debates among the CKOP and COC over how to manage their business affairs as well as their social welfare programs are important sites of black identity formation. Lastly, the South is not a monolithic in this project – place matters. Through chapters grounded in regional studies, readers see the distinctive characteristics that defined community building in Washington, DC, Vicksburg, MS, New Orleans, LA and Birmingham, AL.
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Lane, Sharron. "The significance of individual contributions to the history of Kildonan UnitingCare." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2018. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/ea4f8560a432d03164b18aa89fed22966846a36436570c72c80aa4bab658f685/2984814/LANE_2018_The_significance_of_individual_contributions_to.pdf.
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This thesis explores the history of the Victorian community service organisation which until June 2017 was known as Kildonan UnitingCare, and its historical predecessors, through the prisms of leadership and change. The Neglected and Criminal Children’s Act 1864 established a child welfare system where both the government and private establishments could take charge of children. Successive governments did not merely tolerate these private providers but actively partnered with them, and over the course of two decades this entrenched a decentralised system. The thesis argues that this created an environment where individuals within private organisations could develop new methods of care and use their organisations as a platform to change the nature of the sector more broadly.
Kildonan, established in 1881, provides three examples of such significant contributions. Selina Murray MacDonald Sutherland founded the work as a lady missionary at the Scots’ Church in Melbourne, and achieved a position of such prominence that she was able to persuade government to legitimate the work of private child rescuers through legislation, a recognition that was sought but rarely achieved by child rescue advocates in other parts of the world. In the 1950s two more leaders emerged, transforming not only Kildonan but also leading changes across the sector as a whole. Alison Player brought insights from her training as a social worker to lead the planning process that moved the organisation away from a focus on institutional care in the 1950s. She was followed by Alfred Spencer Colliver who, as Superintendent from 1957, developed the scattered family group home system, and worked alongside government to persuade other child care organisations to follow a similar path.
By comparing a range of sources to reconstruct what has been a poorly documented field this thesis shows how individuals, and the informal relationships they were able to develop with others in the sector, were crucial to the ongoing development of child welfare policy across Victoria’s decentralised array of support services.
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Williams, Samantha. "Poor relief, welfare and medical provision in Bedfordshire : the social, economic and demographic context, c.1770-1834." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272409.
Full textBooks on the topic "Social welfare – history"
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H, Schiele Jerome, ed. A new history of social welfare. 7th ed. Boston: Pearson Education, 2013.
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Day, Phyllis J. A new history of social welfare. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1989.
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Day, Phyllis J. A new history of social welfare. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon, 2009.
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Day, Phyllis J. A new history of social welfare. 2nd ed. Boston, Mass: Allyn and Bacon, 1997.
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author, Sim Sŏk-sun, and Yim Chong-ho author, eds. Sahoe pokchi paltalsa: History of social welfare. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi: Hakchisa, 2016.
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Hong, Suk-cha. Sahoe pokchi paltalsa: History of social welfare. Kyŏnggi-do P'aju-si: Yangsŏwŏn, 2015.
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Jansson, Bruce S. The reluctant welfare state: A history of American social welfare policies. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth, 1988.
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Jansson, Bruce S. The reluctant welfare state: A history of American social welfare policies. 2nd ed. Pacific Grove, Calif: Brooks/Cole, 1993.
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Jansson, Bruce S. The reluctant welfare state: A history of American social welfare policies. 2nd ed. Pacific Grove, Calif: Brooks/Cole, 1993.
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1947-, Gladstone David, ed. Poverty and social welfare. London: Routledge/Thoemmes Press, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social welfare – history"
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Rees, J. F. "Social Welfare." In A Social and Industrial History of England 1815-1918, 126–43. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003253761-10.
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Cummins, Linda K., Katharine V. Byers, and Laura Pedrick. "Examining Social Welfare History." In Policy Practice for Social Workers, 26–76. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315157559-3.
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Berg-Weger, Marla, and Vithya Murugan. "History of Social Work and Social Welfare." In Social Work and Social Welfare, 33–73. 6th ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003182160-3.
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Althammer, Beate. "Connecting welfare-state history and migration history." In Citizenship, Migration and Social Rights, 1–30. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003261261-1.
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Berg-Weger, Marla. "History of Social Work and Social Welfare." In Social Work and Social Welfare: An Invitation, 40–87. Fifth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429466687-2.
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Davis, Inger P. "History, Facts, and Theories." In International Series in Social Welfare, 11–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4984-3_2.
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Mason, S. "The Welfare State." In Work Out Social and Economic History GCSE, 172–85. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10295-2_9.
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Kirchhelle, Claas. "Non-conform Evidence: The Impasse of 1990s Welfare Research." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements, 223–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62792-8_12.
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AbstractThis chapter traces the evolution of welfare science and the marketisation of farm animal welfare between 1980 and 2000. During this time, dedicated welfare publications soared, and welfare scientists obtained prestigious university posts. The field’s growth was aided by assurance schemes for animal welfare, which enabled mutually beneficial cooperation between researchers, industry, and NGOs like the RSPCA, whose Freedom Foods Label enjoyed great popularity from 1994 onwards. Assurance schemes shifted welfare politics to the marketplace and generated funds for research and NGOs. They also deescalated frontstage welfare politics by restricting access to corporate- and expert-led discussions about standards and enforcement. Ruth Harrison was sceptical of label claims and welfare’s transition from a moral into an economic value. Meanwhile, researchers continued to disagree on how to define welfare. While most researchers remained confident in their ability to produce meaningful results, animal welfare science entered a prolonged phase of epistemic navel-gazing.
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Siegler, Mark V. "Social Spending and the Welfare State." In An Economic History of the United States, 411–32. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-39396-8_20.
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Fideler, Paul A. "Poverty, Policy, and History (c.1780–1810)." In Social Welfare in Pre-Industrial England, 173–90. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04334-4_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Social welfare – history"
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Kravchenko, Oksana, and Halyna Kucher. "Social work with elderly people in the territorial community." In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.129.
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Abstract. Dyvosvit University of the Third Age is a joint project of the Department of Labour and Social Protection of the Population of Uman City Council and Pavlo Tychyna Uman Pedagogical University. The main goal is to implement the principle of lifelong learning of elderly people and support physical, psychological, and social abilities. Its task is to provide educational services, attract the elderly to an active social life, preserve their physical, mental, and spiritual health, learn the history of their native land, information technology, etc. The University hosts: the Faculty of Local History Education and Organization of Recreation and Tourism; the Faculty of Humanities and Law Education; the Faculty of Applied and Decorative Arts; the Faculty of Folk Singing; the Faculty of Computer Competence. The provision of such an educational service should ensure: arrangement of conditions for and promotion of holistic development of elderly people; reintegration of elderly people into the active life of society; assistance to elderly people in adapting to modern living conditions by mastering new knowledge, in particular on the ageing process and its features; modern methods of preserving health; acquisition of self-help skills; shaping of the principles of a healthy lifestyle; the framework legislation regarding elderly people and its application in practice; shaping and development of skills for using the latest technologies, primarily information and communication technologies; potential and opportunities for volunteer work; improving the quality of life of elderly people by providing them with access to state-of-the-art technologies and adapting them to technological transformations; development of practical skills; opportunity to expand communication and exchange experience. Keywords: social service, elderly people, lifelong learning, university of the third age.
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Omelchenko, Viktoriia. "Gender-based sexual violence during wars: the Ukrainian experience." In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.077.
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Background: Wars are always accompanied by various forms of violence. Gender-based violence occupies a special place. Currently, for the first time since the Second World War, the civilian population of Ukraine is facing widespread sexual violence, including rape, by the occupying forces. This situation requires a sociological study of sexual violence that takes into account the Ukrainian experience. Purpose: To identify the goals, as well as general and specific features of sexual violence committed against women during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Methods: Analysis of the memoirs of a victim of gender-based violence during the war; analysis of interviews with experts on sexual violence; method of comparison. Results: The particularity of sexual violence during the Russian-Ukrainian war is the "era of social media", when the relevant information technologies can turn an act of sexual violence into a public event. The primary purpose of various types of sexual violence is to add new "weapons" to the arsenal of war that will help to win. Conclusion: The recent history of Ukraine related to the Russian-Ukrainian war contains a significant amount of empirical data for further research on gender-based sexual violence during wars. Only after the full liberation of the temporarily occupied territories, the scale of sexual crimes committed by the Russian army can be determined, and their goals, forms of manifestation, consequences for the physical and mental health of victims and, accordingly, social consequences can be fully investigated. Keywords: gender-based sexual violence, sexual violence against women, rape culture.
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Novosad, Kristina. "Population migration in an interdisciplinary dimension." In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.072.
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Backgroud: "Population migration" is a term that has many meanings. Population migration can manifest itself in such forms as nomadism, pilgrimage, wanderings, urbanization, ruralization, etc. Population migrations have a long history, but are relatively little studied. In Western Europe and North America, population migration became the object of sociological research only from the middle of the 19th century. Interest in the study of population migration has become relevant due to the needs of studying the adaptation of immigrants in host countries and studying the consequences of mass emigration of the working population from donor countries. Purpose: To carry out a systematization and comparative analysis of the main approaches to the study of migration in sociology and other socio-humanitarian disciplines. Methods: The work uses a number of general scientific and special sociological methods: logicalsemantic - for analyzing and deepening the conceptual apparatus of the concept of external migration; comparative analysis of the results of statistical and specifically sociological studies of migration. Results: A significant increase in the scale and intensity of international population migration at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century led to the interest of Ukrainian sociologists in the issue of migration. The theoretical and methodological approaches of Western researchers echo the approaches of post-Soviet scientists, in particular, in the recognition of the interdisciplinary nature of population migration studies. Thus, there are six sociological approaches to the study of migration. At the same time, V. Iontsev noted that to the sociological approach "it would be possible to add the classification of migration flows according to vertical and horizontal characteristics and the theory of "rational expectations". Conclusion: Within the scope of the comprehensive study, a broad classification of approaches to the study of migration was presented. V. Iontsev's classification included 17 scientific approaches to the study of population migration, which, in turn, united 45 scientific directions, were classified as: the concept of "attraction - repulsion" by E. Lee (E. Lee); ethnosociological approach K. Davis (K. Davis), Y. Harutyunyan; the theory of "migration chain" D. Gurac (D. Gurac), F. Caces (F. Caces), D. Massey (D. Massey), A. Simmons (A. Simmons); the cultural approach of H. Esse, J. Rex, J. Bustamante; assimilation theory of H. Werner (H. Werner), M. Gordon (M. Gordon); sociological theory of migration (sociology of migration) by T. Zaslavska, T. Yudina. Keywords: migration, social migration, population migration
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Loganathan, Jayakumar, and S. Janakiraman. "Improved history based channel allocation scheme for cognitive radio networks." In 2016 World Conference on Futuristic Trends in Research and Innovation for Social Welfare (Startup Conclave). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/startup.2016.7583900.
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Chang, Chun-Yu Wu. "From Nonprofit Organization to Social Enterprise - Case Study of Taiwan Lifeline International." In Japan International Business and Management Research Conference. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/jibm.v1i1.227.
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The purpose of this study aims to explore the possibilities of Taiwan Lifeline International turning into a social enterprise to remediate the burden of scarce resources. The European and American countries provide their people with good welfare through the support of government resources and policy. However, after several financial recessions, the financial shortfall makes the governments rethink their welfare policy. "Nonprofit organizations" therefore start to play an important role in providing various services to people in need. Governments of different countries constantly provide resources and assistance to nonprofit organizations over the years. By the case study of Taiwan Lifeline International, conclusions with profound insight and some possible solutions can be helpful to nonprofit organizations encountering similar challenges. This study investigates the history of nonprofit organizations in social enterprise. The second part of this study continues with the case study of Taiwan Lifeline International, which provides insights on the challenges and possible solutions of the transformation process from nonprofit organizations to social enterprise.
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Erickson, Ian. "Bright Colors Beneath a White Shroud: Scandinavian Postmodernism and the Conservative Imaginary." In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.72.
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Both academia and popular culture have neglected the movement of Scandinavian Postmodern architecture (ca. 1975-1990), a tradition eclipsed by Modernism as the prevailing aesthetic and social project in Scandinavia. In light of the last decade of Postmodernism’s resurgence in the architectural academy globally, and recent uses of Postmodern architectural principles by right-wing movements in Europe, it is a crucial time to revisit this obscured regional Postmodernism. The movement of Scandinavian Postmodern architecture coincided with political shifts in the region which were supported by both the right and left of the political spectrum causing a shared space of conflict and imagination. The political dimensions of Scandinavian Postmodernism will be explored primarily through a close reading of Danish Postmodern Architect and Writer Ernst Lohse’s 1986 manifesto “Our Construction Should be Based in the Irrational” (translated into English for the first time for this paper), where, despite Lohse’s own sympathy for the environmental movement, he adopts familiar conservative rhetoric, bemoaning the loss of Western culture and the limitations of the welfare state. This paper will reconstruct the obscured history of Scandinavian Postmodernism, using the case of Ernst Lohse to locate discourse that reveals the movement as a site of contention and overlap between diverging political groups and its particular appeal to the conservative imagination.
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Mazur-Kumrić, Nives, and Ivan Zeko-Pivač. "TRIGGERING EMERGENCY PROCEDURES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF THE EU’S AND UN'S RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND BEYOND." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18300.
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The large-scale COVID-19 pandemic is a severe public health emergency which poses distressing social and economic challenges to the international community as a whole. In order to provide immediate and effective support to affected welfare and healthcare systems as well as to build their lasting, inclusive and sustainable recovery, both the European Union and the United Nations have introduced a number of urgent measures aiming to help and protect citizens and economies. This paper looks into the specificities of urgent procedures launched and carried out by the two most influential international organisations with a view to rapidly respond to the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis. More specifically, it focuses on the involved institutions and steps of urgent procedures as well as on their most remarkable outcomes. In the case of the European Union, the emphasis is put primarily on two Coronavirus Response Investment Initiatives (CRIIs), adopted during the Croatian Presidency of the Council in one of the fastest legal procedures in the history of the European Union, and the Recovery Assistance for Cohesion and the Territories of Europe (REACT-EU) as an extension of the CRIIs’ crisis repair measures. The overarching United Nations’ response is assessed through an analysis of its urgent policy agenda developed on the premise that the COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health and socio-economic emergency but also a global humanitarian, security and human rights crisis. This particularly includes procedures foreseen by the Global Humanitarian Response Plan (GHRP) and the Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP). In addition, the aim of the paper is to provide a critical overview of the subject by highlighting three pivotal elements. First, the paper sheds light on the financial aspects of the urgent fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, necessary for turning words into action. Notably, this refers to funds secured by the Multiannual Financial Frameworks 2014-2020 and 2021-2027, and the Next Generation EU recovery instrument, on the one hand, and the UN COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund, the UN Central Emergency Response Fund and the Solidarity Response Fund, on the other hand. Second, it offers a comparative evaluation of the end results of the European and global emergency procedures in mitigating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, it summarises the underlying elements of measures governing the aftermath of the ongoing crisis, i.e. those promoting a human-centred, green, sustainable, inclusive and digital approach to future life.
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أبو الحسن اسماعيل, علاء. "Assessing the Political Ideology in the Excerpts Cited from the Speeches and Resolutions of the Former Regime After the Acts of Genocide." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/2.
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If killing a single person is considered as a major crime that forbidden by Sharia and law at the international level and at the level of all religions and divine legislation, so what about the concept of genocide!! Here, not just an individual with a weak influence on society is killed, but thousands of individuals, that means an entire nation, a future, energy and human and intellectual capabilities that can tip the scales, and on the other hand, broken and half-dead hearts are left behind from the horrific scenes of killing they witnessed before their eyes, moreover, the massacres of genocide continues to excrete its remnants and consequences for long years and for successive generations, and it may generate grudges of revenge among generations that did not receive the adequate awareness and psychological support which are necessary to rehabilitate these generations to benefit from the tragedies and bitter experiences of life to turn them into lessons and incentives to achieve progress and advancement. Genocide is a deadly poison whose toxic effect extends from generations to others unless it is wisely controlled. Here the role of the international community and its legal, legislative and humanitarian stance from these crimes is so important and supportive. Genocide can be occurred on two levels: external and internal. As for genocide on the external level: this is what happened at the hands of foreign powers against a certain people for colonial and expansionist goals in favor of the occupier or usurper. There are many examples throughout history, such as the Ottoman and British occupations...etc Whereas genocide at the internal level, can be defined as the repressive actions that governments practice against their own people for goals that could be extremist, racist or dictatorial, such as t ""Al-Anfal"" massacre in 1988 carried out by the previous regime against the Kurds in the Kurdistan region. The number of victims amounted at one hundred thousand martyrs, most of them were innocent and unarmed people from children, women and the elderly, and also the genocide which was practiced against of the organizers of Al-Shaibania Revolution in 1991 was another example of genocide in the internal level. It is possible to deduce a third level between the external and internal levels, which is the genocide that is done at the hands of internal elements from the people of the country, but in implementation of external agendas, for example, the scenes of organized and systematic sectarian killing that we witnessed daily during (2007) and (2008), followed by dozens of bloody explosions in various regions throughout the capital, which unfortunately was practiced by the people of the country who were misguided elements in order to destabilize the security of the country and we did not know until this moment in favor of which external party!! In the three aforementioned cases, nothing can justify the act of killing or genocide, but in my personal opinion, I see that genocide at the hands of foreign forces is less drastic effects than the genocides that done at the hands of internal forces that kill their own people to impose their control and to defense their survival, from the perspective of ""the survival for the strongest, the most criminal and the most dictatorial. The matter which actually dragged the country into the abyss and the ages of darkness and ignorance. As for the foreign occupier, he remains an occupier, and it is so natural for him to be resentful and spiteful and to keep moving with the bragging theory of that (the end justifies the means) and usurping lands illegally, but perhaps recently the occupier has begun to exploit loopholes in international laws and try to gain the support of the international community and international organizations to prove the legitimacy of what has no legitimacy, in the end to achieve goals which pour into the interest of the occupiers' country and from the principle of building the happiness and well-being of the occupiers' people at the expense of the misery and injustice of other peoples!! This remains absolutely dehumanizing societal crime, but at least it has a positive side, which is maximizing economic resources and thus achieving the welfare of a people at the expense of seizing the wealth of the occupied country. This remains the goal of the occupier since the beginning of creation to this day, but today the occupation associated with the horrific and systematic killing has begun to take a new template by framing the ugliness of the crime with humanitarian goals and the worst, to exploit religion to cover their criminal acts. A good example of this is the genocide that took place at the hands of the terrorist organization ISIS, that contradictory organization who adopted the religion which forbids killing and considers it as one of the greatest sins as a means to practice the most heinous types of killing that contemporary history has witnessed!! The ""Spiker"" and ""Sinjar"" massacres in 2014 are the best evidence of this duality in the ideology of this terrorist organization. We may note that the more we advance in time, the more justification for the crimes of murder and genocide increases. For example, we all know the first crimes of genocide represented by the fall of Baghdad at the hands of the Mongol leader ""Hulagu"" in 1258. At that time, the crimes of genocide did not need justification, as they were practiced openly and insolently for subversive, barbaric and criminal goals!! The question here imposes itself: why were the crimes of genocide in the past practiced openly and publicly without need to justify the ugliness of the act? And over time, the crimes of genocide began to be framed by pretexts to legitimize what is prohibited, and to permit what is forbidden!! Or to clothe brutality and barbarism in the patchwork quilt of humanity?? And with this question, crossed my mind the following ""Aya"" from the Glorious Quran (and do not kill the soul that God has forbidden except in the right) , this an explicit ""Aya"" that prohibits killing and permits it only in the right, through the use of the exception tool (except) that permits what coming after it . But the"" right"" that God describes in the glorious Quran has been translated by the human tongues into many forms and faces of falsehood!! Anyway, expect the answer of this controversial question within the results of this study. This study will discuss the axis of (ideologies of various types and genocide), as we will analyze excerpts from the speeches of the former regime that were announced on the local media after each act of genocide or purification, as the former regime described at that time, but the difference in this study is that the analysis will be according to a scientific and thoughtful approach which is far from the personal ideology of the researcher. The analysis will be based on a model proposed by the contemporary Dutch scientist ""Teun A. Van Dijk"". Born in 1943, ""Van Dijk"" is a distinguished scholar and teaching in major international universities. He has authored many approved books as curricula for teaching in the field of linguistics and political discourse analysis. In this study, Van Dijk's Model will be adopted to analyze political discourse ideologies according to forty-one criteria. The analysis process will be conducted in full transparency and credibility in accordance with these criteria without imposing the researcher's personal views. This study aims to shed light on the way of thinking that the dictatorial regimes adopt to impose their existence by force against the will of the people, which can be used to develop peoples' awareness to understand and analyze political statements in a scientific way away from the inherited ideologies imposed by customs, clan traditions, religion, doctrine and nationalism. With accurate scientific diagnosis, we put our hand on the wounds. So we can cure them and also remove the scars of these wounds. This is what we seek in this study, diagnosis and therefore suggesting the suitable treatment "
Reports on the topic "Social welfare – history"
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Fishback, Price. Safety Nets and Social Welfare Expenditures in World Economic History. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30067.
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Cuesta-Valiño, Pedro. Happiness Management. A Social Well-being multiplier. Social Marketing and Organizational Communication. Edited by Rafael Ravina-Ripoll. Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/2022.happiness-management.
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On behalf of the Happiness University Network, we are pleased to present here an extract of the information concerning the universities working to generate the diffusion of this network. Specifically, with the support of the University of Salamanca and the Pontifical University of Salamanca the aim is to create a friendly and working environment for the dissemination and discussion of the latest scientific and practical developments in the fields of happiness economics, corporate wellbeing, happiness management and organisational communication. It also offers an opportunity for productive encounters, the promotion of collaborative projects and the encouragement of international networking. Below you will find papers related to: Economics of happiness, happiness management, organisational communication, welfare state economics, consumer happiness, leadership, social marketing, happiness management and SDGs, happiness management in human resource strategies, learning and competencies in happiness management, learning and competencies in social well-being, measurement and indicators of happiness and well-being and history of welfare economics.
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Becker, Sascha O., Stephen Broadberry, Nicholas Crafts, Sayatan Ghosal, Sharun W. Mukand, and Vera E. Troeger. Reversals of Fortune? A Long-term Perspective on Global Economic Prospects. Edited by Sascha O. Becker. CAGE Research Centre, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-0-9576027-00.
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It is conventional wisdom that: Continued fast growth in the BRICS will result in a rapid catch-up to match and even surpass Western income levels in the next few decades The crisis in Europe will soon be over and normal growth will then resume as if nothing had happened The tax competition resulting from globalization means a race to the bottom in which corporate tax rates fall dramatically everywhere The best way to escape the poverty trap is to give the poor more money Losers from globalization can be ignored by politicians in western democracies because they do not matter for electoral outcomes The adjustment problems for developing countries arising from the crisis are quite minor and easy to deal with Actually, as Reversals of Fortune shows, all of these beliefs are highly questionable. The research findings reported here provide economic analysis and evidence that challenge these claims. In the report, Nicholas Crafts asks: "What Difference does the Crisis make to Long-term West European Growth?" Vera Troeger considers "The Impact of Globalisation and Global Economic Crises on Social Cohesion and Attitudes towards Welfare State Policies in Developed Western Democracies." Stephen Broadberry looks at "The BRICs: What does Economic History say about their Growth Prospects?" Sharun Mukand takes "The View from the Developing World: Institutions, Global Shocks and Economic Adjustment." Finally, Sayantan Ghosal has a new perspective on "The Design of Pro-poor Policies."
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Fagerheim White, Ellen-Louisa, Mervi Honkatukia, Jaana Peippo, and Maria Kjetså. Equines in the Nordics – History, Status and Genetics. The Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53780/flkb7985.
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With roots as far as the Bronze age, equines have played an invaluable role in history, both with regards to agriculture and forestry, warfare, transportation and leisure, and therefore hold important cultural significance in the Nordics. The link between horses and the welfare benefits of their caregivers makes the species an important part of society as well. Since the agricultural and industrial revolution, the equine sector has been influenced by a range of challenges due to the dramatic change in the role of horses in society, especially for the Nordic native breeds. However, as society adapts and finds new ways to use and protect them, there is a hope for the future. Although there has been cooperation between the Nordic countries in the horse sector, a collective report of the status of all the Nordic countries has been missing. This report marks a start for this type of effort by considering both commercial and native breeds. Further, it comprises the horse sector in the Nordics, with a special focus on the native horse breeds and the possibilities they carry for environmental sustainability, their socio-economic importance, their genetics as well as their risk status. The report further evaluates the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) maintained and developed by FAO as a tool for gathering information about the development and current status of the native breeds. The goal of this report is to identify knowledge gaps and areas of improvement for the Nordic equine sector and the collected data of the native horse breeds. One of the biggest challenges has been to find validated information sources for the population numbers of the breeds in each country – there are varying estimates for both commercial and native breeds. The numbers have significant impact for the determination of managing strategies of the populations. Reports for each of the countries (Denmark, Finland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) are presented, and depict the current role of horses, breeding, population development and economic values of the equine sector are listed in each of the country-reports. The information in the country reports were derived from a questionnaire and by using DAD-IS.
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The Competitive Advantage of Nations: A Successful Experience, Realigning the Strategy to Transform the Economic and Social Development of the Basque Country. Universidad de Deusto, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/xiqr3861.
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Why do the new economy and welfare societies recommend a new station on the long journey towards competitiveness initiated within the framework of “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, published as long as 25 years ago? A little more than twenty-five years ago, the Basque Country decided to equip itself with its own development strategy, undertaking to meet the challenge of designing its own future. The Basque Country aspired to give itself the maximum degree of self-government as a nation without a State, following its release from a long dictatorship which had plunged it into autarchy and isolation from the Western democracies around it, limiting its ability and responsibility to shape its own destiny and to offer its Society the highest standards of welfare, facing one of the greatest economic, political and social crises of its history and suffering from the ravages of terrorism within an economy castigated by soaring unemployment above 25%, a drop in its GDP, the fall, like dominoes, of its key industrial sectors, locked into the monoculture of the steel and metal working industry, outside the Europe which was being constructed by the then Economic Community of the Six, marginalized as a peripheral area from the future axis and development of the so-called “blue banana” of the London-Milan backbone and with an incipient and inexperienced administration, full of youth and enthusiasm, and a business world undergoing conversion, learning to live with a trade union phenomenon that the former dictatorship had bypassed. Faced with this complex and exciting challenge, those of us who had the privilege of addressing the aforementioned proposal, interpreting (by means of our analyses, as well as the wish to make our desires and dreams come true) the main keys to explain the state of the world economy, the main trends of change and their foreseeable impact on the Basque economy (“What the world economy taught us”), began the task of defining what we call “A strategy for the modernization and internationalization of our economy and our Country” trying to give some meaning to the role expected of the new players (States, city-regions, provinces, etc.), a role in which our small Country, with features of a City-Region, a sub-national entity, an invertebrate area on the two sides of the Pyrenees, could assume the figure of co-protagonist and provide society with a prosperous future. We also needed the framework and tools desirable for tackling the success strategy. We identified the gap between the needs that would be generated by the new paradigms and the tools offered by the existing political-economic framework (contents, skills, potential developments), accompanied by our own Country-strategy, with special emphasis on the initiatives, factors and critical vectors our society would demand and its aspirations for well-being and development. Within this context, the Basque Government approached Michael E. Porter, his ideas and concepts of the moment, and we began a collaborative process (which lasts until this day), constructing much more than our “Competitive Advantage of the Basque Country” in a thrilling and unfinished “Journey towards Competitiveness and Prosperity”. The Basque Country enjoys the privilege of having been the first nation to apply, in a strategic and comprehensive manner, the concepts which, a few years later, came to light in the prestigious publication we celebrate today, titled “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, which has inspired the design of numerous policies and strategies throughout the world, which has brought about a proliferation of followers, which has trained instructors and which has generated a large number of new researchers and academics, new policy makers, new instruments for competitiveness and extraordinary levels of prosperity throughout the world. Since then, we have shared our own particular project which, alive and changing, responds to the new economic and social challenges and conflicts by constructing and applying a Country strategy with distinctive achievements and results beyond our economic environment. It lies within the conceptual framework inspired by the complementary tripod of Michael E. Porter's conceptual movement in his Competitive Advantage (Competitiveness, Shared Value Initiative and Social Progress) and our contributions learned from day to day in keeping with our vocation, identity, will and commitment. It is a never-ending process based on a model and a way of understanding the former pledge to give ourselves a single strategy designed by and for people.