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Journal articles on the topic 'Social service and race relations'

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1

Ajrouch, Kristine, Noah Webster, and Toni Antonucci. "Social Relations, Stress, and Racial Health Disparities." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2247.

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Abstract This symposium brings together four papers that address racial health disparities by investigating stressful aspects of social relations at different points in the life course. Cleary and colleagues focus on racial disparities in psychological health by testing cross-sectional effects of intergenerational stress over time. In particular, they investigate effects of network composition on the relationship between mothers' stressors and their children's depressive symptoms at three time points over 23 years. Camacho and colleagues use longitudinal data from the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project to examine cognitive decline among U.S. African-American, Latino, and White adults aged 60 and above. Results indicate loneliness predicted greater global cognitive decline over time in all groups. However, race differences in this association were found across cognitive function domains. Turner and colleagues consider dementia caregiving challenges among non-Hispanic Blacks. Data from five focus groups were analyzed to reveal distinctive challenges to caregiver health during the COVID-19 pandemic including increased burden and barriers to service access. Finally, Sol and colleagues examined the bidirectional association between loneliness and self-rated health over time among a racially diverse sample. Findings illustrate racial patterns in how loneliness at midlife influences health in later life. Antonucci will discuss the role of stress from social relations as a means to fully understand racial disparities in health across the life course.
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David, Paul A. "Service Provision to Black People: A Study of Occupational Therapy Staff in Physical Disability Teams within Social Services." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 58, no. 3 (March 1995): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269505800302.

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This research derived Its Impetus from the need to recognise that we live in a multiracial and multicultural society. Thus, the responses of caring agencies to individuals must be governed by the fact that there are varying needs depending on cultural and racial backgrounds, and the services that are provided need to be geared to all sectors of the community. The study focused on the occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants In physical disability teams in a social services department and the service they provided to their black clients. The aim was to assess how effectively these professionals were meeting their obligations, as specified in the Race Relations Act 1976 and the city's equal opportunities policy. The article also looks at the features of policy and practice that inhibit occupational therapists and their assistants in responding to black people.
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Chell, Wanda Johnson, and Dip Kapoor. "Beyond Good Intentions: Race Regimes, Racialisation, Immigrant Service Non-governmental Organizations (IS-NGOs) and Race-Class Reproductions in Canada." Journal of Sociological Research 9, no. 1 (January 28, 2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsr.v9i1.12368.

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Based on research conducted in a Parenting and Literacy Program (PLP) offered by an Immigrant Service-Non Governmental Organisation (IS-NGO) located in Alberta, Canada, a racialisation and race regimes framework is deployed to advance the proposition that IS-NGOs and their approach to programs and service provision encourage race-class inequalities and augment the contemporary race regime of multiculturalism in Canada. This is in/advertently achieved by selectively racializing im/migrants and reproducing class inequities through the adherence to neoliberal prescriptions (best practices) while claiming to settle, support and work for social justice for im/migrants. We explore the structures, ideas and power relations of an IS-NGO as a race regime and its’ race-class implications for perpetuating hierarchy’s which continue to define a Canadian colonial settler society. The purpose of this research is to stimulate renewal within IS-NGOs, as an exercise in critical reflexivity and to encourage changes at the organisational and employee/practitioner level, by fostering efforts to undermine, redirect and replace race regimes and class inequality in the interests of a still emergent democratic society and polity in Canada.
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Lima, Henrique Espada, and Fabiane Popinigis. "Maids, Clerks, and the Shifting Landscape of Labor Relations in Rio de Janeiro, 1830s–1880s." International Review of Social History 62, S25 (December 2017): 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085901700061x.

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AbstractThis article focuses on the lives of workers in small commerce and in domestic service in nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro. It seeks to understand both what united and what differentiated maids (criadas) and clerks (caixeiros), two types of laborers whose lives and work had much in common, and two categories of labor that, although ubiquitous, are frequently overlooked in Brazilian labor history. We consider how, together, class, gender, and race shaped the divergent trajectories ofcriadasandcaixeirosover the course of the nineteenth century, and what the legal disputes in which they were involved during that period can teach us about the shifting dynamics in labor relations in a society marked by both slavery and labor dependency more broadly. As sources for this analysis, we draw on documents produced by legal proceedings from the 1830s through the 1880s, in which men and women involved in petty commerce and domestic service presented their cases before the courts to claim their unpaid wages.
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Bourne, Jenny. "IRR: the story continues." Race & Class 50, no. 2 (October 2008): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396808096392.

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The development of the Institute of Race Relations' (IRR) work, from its transformation in the early 1970s through to the present day, is traced here by one of its central figures. An account is given of how the UK's experience of fighting racism was applied by the IRR to other European contexts and also became the basis for a UK news service using new media. Finally, the establishing of an archive documenting the black struggle in Britain is described.
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6

Mahabir, Deb F., Patricia O'Campo, Aisha Lofters, Ketan Shankardass, Christina Salmon, and Carles Muntaner. "Classism and Everyday Racism as Experienced by Racialized Health Care Users: A Concept Mapping Study." International Journal of Health Services 51, no. 3 (May 5, 2021): 350–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00207314211014782.

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In Toronto, Canada, 51.5 % of the population are members of racialized groups. Systemic labor market racism has resulted in an overrepresentation of racialized groups in low-income and precarious jobs, a racialization of poverty, and poor health. Yet, the health care system is structured around a model of service delivery and policies that fail to consider unequal power social relations or racism. This study examines how racialized health care users experience classism and everyday racism in the health care setting and whether these experiences differ within stratifications such as social class, gender, and immigration status. A concept mapping design was used to identify mechanisms of classism and everyday racism. For the rating activity, 41 participants identified as racialized health care users. The data analysis was completed using concept systems software. Racialized health care users reported “race”/ethnic-based discrimination as moderate to high and socioeconomic position-/social class-based discrimination as moderate in importance for the challenges experienced when receiving health care; differences within stratifications were also identified. To improve access to services and quality of care, antiracist policies that focus on unequal power social relations and a broader systems thinking are needed to address institutional racism within the health care system.
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7

Nathanson, V. "Race relations: code of practice in primary health care services." Journal of Medical Ethics 20, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.20.3.197.

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8

Giwa, Sulaimon, and Cameron Greensmith. "Race Relations and Racism in the LGBTQ Community of Toronto: Perceptions of Gay and Queer Social Service Providers of Color." Journal of Homosexuality 59, no. 2 (February 2012): 149–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2012.648877.

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Oliveira, Ravena Araújo de, Talita Miranda Pitanga Barbosa Cardoso, Roberto Rodrigues Bandeira Tosta Maciel, Mariana de Oliveira Araújo, Gilvânia Patrícia do Nascimento Paixão, Nathália Silva Fontana Rosa, Juliana Alves Leite Leal, Ana Beatriz Barros Ferreira da Silva, Jairrose Nascimento Souza, and Marcio Costa de Souza. "Intersectionality of gender, race, social vulnerability and barriers to healthcare access: a study on the lives of people with HIV/AIDS." Revista de Gestão e Secretariado 15, no. 3 (March 28, 2024): e3559. http://dx.doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v15i3.3559.

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The article aimed to analyze the barriers and access to health and the processes of intersectionality of gender, race and social vulnerability in the lives of people with HIV/AIDS. This is an exploratory qualitative study that used semi-structured interviews as a way of producing data for analysis. The study was carried out in a municipal specialized care service in a capital in the Northeast of Brazil, which is responsible for the care of people living with HIV/AIDS, people with other Sexually Transmitted Infections and Viral Hepatitis, the study sample was composed of users monitored by the service, through saturation of responses, totaling 12 participants. In the analysis, two thematic categories were constructed. In general, the paths taken by these users, mainly related to the ways of producing care in the city studied, are understood as cycles surrounded by barriers and tortuous paths that occur daily, which produce deleterious effects for comprehensive care, and have as an element structuring that interferes with care, the intersectionality of gender, race and social vulnerability. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the possibility of building transformations in acting and thinking that are socially structured so that new forms of care production relations are structured in which there is no exploitation or subordination of living beings, considering singularities, and therefore, health needs.
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Day, Madi. "Remembering Lugones: The Critical Potential of Heterosexualism for Studies of So-Called Australia." Genealogy 5, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5030071.

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Heterosexualism is inextricably tied to coloniality and modernity. This paper explores the potential of Argentinian philosopher Maria Lugones’ theorisations of heterosexualism and the colonial/modern gender system for sustained critical engagement with settler colonialism in so-called Australia. ‘Heterosexualism’ refers to a system of relations between settlers and Indigenous peoples characterized by racialized and gendered power dynamics. Lugones’ theory on the colonial/modern gender system unpacks the utility of social and intellectual investment in universalised categories including race, gender and sexuality. Such categories are purported to be biological, thus, prior to culture, settlers and colonial institutions. However, the culturally specific nature of knowledge produced about race, gender and sexuality reveals that the origins, and indeed the prevalence, of heterosexualism in Australia is inextricable from settler colonialism. This paper exhibits how heterosexualism and the colonial/modern gender system operate in service of settler colonialism, facilitating settler dominance and reproduction on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander lands.
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Smith, John David. "Finding “pax plantation” at Camp Gordon, Georgia: Historian Ulrich Bonnell Phillips and World War I." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 13, no. 4 (October 2014): 564–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781414000413.

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This article examines the World War I service of the University of Michigan historian Ulrich Bonnell Phillips (1877–1934). Phillips worked first with black recruits as a volunteer officer for the Young Men's Christian Association at Camp Gordon, Georgia, and later as a U.S. Army Military Intelligence officer in Washington, DC. In these years, Phillips ranked as America's foremost authority on the antebellum South generally and of African American slavery in particular. In 1918 he published his landmarkAmerican Negro Slavery. While on leave from Ann Arbor, Phillips taught English and French, planned educational and recreational programs, and supervised the management and construction of buildings at Camp Gordon's segregated facilities. Phillips's daily interactions with black troops in the cantonment reaffirmed—at least as he saw it—his conclusions that North American slavery had been a relatively benign institution, his belief in the virtues of plantation paternalism and in the management of subject peoples by educated whites, and his attitude that contemporary race relations were generally harmonious. Phillips's observations of African American recruits validated his conviction that blacks benefited most from white-run, regimented organizations and strengthened his belief in economic assimilation and social segregation. His military intelligence work confirmed Phillips's overall commitment to conservative change, whether in foreign or race relations.
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Lestari, Emi Tipuk, Saiful Bahri, Yulita Dewi Purmintasari, Emusti Rifasinta, and Swarnii Swarnii. "Strengthening peace education through interethnical relations in the children's communication forum of batulayang village." Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Indonesia 1, no. 5 (October 15, 2021): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.59247/jppmi.v1i5.21.

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Common problems experienced by partners are still found to be negative stereotypes of certain ethnicities and religions. Therefore, the solution that we offer in this service program is to carry out strengthening peace education through inter-ethnic relations. Implementation of Submission of material in the form of a group discussion forum (FGD) about the importance of peace education programs through inter-ethnic relations at the Children's Communication Forum. The purpose of this PKM is so that the younger generation is equipped with multicultural values in order to create an attitude of integration so that it is not easy to be carried away by SARA issues which are very vulnerable to occur in multicultural societies such as in Batulayang. This service has proven to be able to increase understanding of the importance of peace education for the younger generation in Batulayang village. The strengthening of Peace Education is carried out in order to prevent social problems in the form of negative stereotypes between good ethnic groups. This program also institutionalizes social values to citizens so that they have awareness of the risks of any social problems. This PKM also provides citizens with knowledge and skills so as to increase their social intelligence and to increase citizen participation in preventing and overcoming social problems which in the end citizens develop character and character to have responsibility in social life, namely not to riot, violence and brawls, conflicts with other ethnic groups, races and religions, intolerance and human rights violations.
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13

Phillips, Jon, and Saska Petrova. "The materiality of precarity: Gender, race and energy infrastructure in urban South Africa." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 53, no. 5 (January 20, 2021): 1031–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x20986807.

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Analysis of precarity has offered a critique of labour market experiences and politically induced conditions of work, housing, migration, or essential services. This paper develops an infrastructural politics of precarity by analysing energy as a critical sphere of social and ecological reproduction. We employ precarity to understand how gendered and racialised vulnerability to energy deprivation is induced through political processes. In turn, analysis of energy illustrates socio-material processes of precarity, produced and contested through infrastructure. Our argument is developed through scalar analysis of energy precarity in urban South Africa, a country that complicates a North-South framing of debates on both precarity and energy. We demonstrate how energy precarity can be reproduced or destabilised through: social and material relations of housing, tenure, labour and infrastructure; the formation of gendered and racialized energy subjects; and resistance and everyday practices. We conclude that analysis of infrastructure provides insights on how precarity is contested as a shared condition and on the prospect of systemic change through struggles over distribution and production.
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Lee, Yu Jung. "Creating a “Home Away from Home”: Korean Women’s Performances of the Imaginary American Home at US Military Clubs in South Korea, 1955–64." Journal of Korean Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 203–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-7932311.

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Abstract This article considers the proliferation of Korean native camp shows and the roles of Korean women entertainers at the military service clubs of the Eighth United States Army in Korea in the 1950s and the 1960s. The role of the “American sweethearts” in USO camp shows—to create a “home away from home” and boost the morale of the American troops during wartime—was carried out by female Korean entertainers in the occupied zone at a critical moment in US-ROK relations during the Cold War. The article argues that Korean entertainers at military clubs were meant to perform the entertainment of “home” and evoke nostalgia for American soldiers by imitating well-known American singers and songs. However, what they performed as America was not simply the reproduction of American entertainment but often a manifestation of their imagination; they were constructing their own version of the American home. Their hybrid styles of American performance were indicative of how the discourse of the American home itself was constructed around ambivalence, the very site where women entertainers were enabled to exceed the rigid boundaries of race and gender, transcend their roles as imitators, and exercise their agency by productively negotiating this ambivalence.
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Kang, Taewoo. "Public Television for Liberals? The Demographic and Behavioral Characteristics of The PBS Newshour Viewers." Studies in Media and Communication 11, no. 7 (September 12, 2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v11i7.6283.

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Non-academic sources suggest that PBS, an American public broadcast service, mostly serves liberals. However, there is little scholarly evidence on the demographic and behavioral characteristics of those who get news about government and politics from PBS. Using the data from the American National Election Study’s 2020 Time Series (N=8,280), this research examines how PBS viewership is related to party identification, ideology, education, sex, race, political knowledge, religion, income and age. It also explores how PBS viewers are different from MSNBC, CNN, and Fox News viewers in their political attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs.
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Downey, Dennis. "Elaborating Consensus: Strategic Orientations and Rationales in Wartime Intergroup Relations." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 11, no. 3 (October 1, 2006): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.3.gmx237247506n401.

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This research addresses the field of intergroup relations during World War II and immediately thereafter as a case study of a noncontentious (or consensus-oriented) social movement. It examines patterns of strategic activities and strategic rationales, drawing from Lofland's (1989; 1993) research mapping the 1980s peace movement. Analyses utilize a unique data source describing programmatic activities for 353 independent organizations from a directory compiled by the American Council on Race Relations in 1949, as well as primary historical documents chronicling strategic rationales among leaders of intergroup relations. Findings indicate a pattern of strategic eclecticism, with some grouping of activities around loose strategic orientations in the areas of formal/institutional challenges, community services/organization, and public education. Rationales emphasized efforts to link more and less contentious strategies—both across the movement field and movement phases—suggesting a complementary rather than competitive dynamic. The research elaborates on our understanding of consensus-oriented strategies and underscores the need for increased attention to the variable roles of less contentious strategies in long-term movement development beyond the boundaries of mass mobilization.
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Htun, Mala. "From “Racial Democracy” to Affirmative Action: Changing State Policy on Race in Brazil." Latin American Research Review 39, no. 1 (2004): 60–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100038954.

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By analyzing the Brazilian government's surprise endorsement of affirmative action in 2001, this article explores how the state constructs race in society and how ideas drive policy change. After decades defending the myth of “racial democracy,” the state admitted to racism and endorsed an extreme form of affirmative action—quotas—for Afro-Brazilians in government service and higher education. Based on fieldwork conducted in 2002, this article explains the recent policy turnaround as a dialectic between social mobilization and presidential initiative framed within unfolding international events. The presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso nurtured a transformation in political action on race at the same time that the president himself initiated major shifts in official discourse; later, preparations for the World Conference on Racism, held in Durban, South Africa, in 2001, provoked national soul-searching on racial inequalities. The conference itself provided an occasion, and a moment of reckoning, for Brazil to jettison past policies and embrace a new approach. I conclude that ideas emerging from social networks, made salient by presidential interest, and legitimized by international agreements may account for discursive policy change, but that implementation of affirmative action will require attention to material interests and electoral incentives.
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Haugen, Heidi Østbø. "The Love Child and the State: Transnational Family Formation in Guangzhou." NAN NÜ 24, no. 1 (June 9, 2022): 134–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685268-02410039.

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Abstract Transnational families are becoming more common in China. They emerge within a social system that is designed for sedentary rather than mobile lives and favours two-parent households over other family forms. Chinese citizens who have children with foreigners must navigate national and local bureaucratic institutions while building and maintaining social relations in transnational fields. The bureaucratic challenges associated with transnational family formation can cause emotional and financial friction within intimate relationships, while gender norms shape how various family members manage these frictions. Gender and race intersect through the ways ethnic boundary crossings are judged differently for men and women, while immigration status affects prospects for meeting gender-specific expectations in romantic relationships. Drawing upon data from ethnographic fieldwork among Chinese−African families in a multi-ethnic neighbourhood in Guangzhou, the article explores tensions that arise as families pursue cosmopolitan aspirations at the same time as they struggle to access basic welfare services and legal and social recognition of their family relationships.
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Franklin, John Hope. "The Two Worlds of Race: A Historical Perspective." Daedalus 140, no. 1 (January 2011): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00056.

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Franklin's essay traces the practices, policies, and laws that, from colonial times through the mid-1960s moment when he composed his essay, created and sustained the two worlds of race in America. He outlines the history of efforts from that period to alleviate racial distinctions and to foster a “world of equality and complete human fellowship.” Franklin cautions, however, that even certain well-intentioned efforts to extend services, opportunities, and rights to African Americans sometimes reinforced segregation and discrimination. He considers how key historical, legal, political, and social developments from the twentieth century - World War II, the growth of labor unions, the Great Migration, America's ascendancy as a world power, among others - advanced racial equality in America while often intensifying the backlash from opponents to such equality. Still, Franklin concludes optimistically that however strident those opponents may be, they “have been significantly weakened by the very force of the numbers and elements now seeking to eliminate the two worlds of race.”
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Cui, Dan, Nancy Arthur, and Jose Domene. "Accompanying Partners of International Students: Reflections on Three Issues." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 47, no. 1 (April 27, 2017): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v47i1.186193.

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This paper reviews and critiques the existing literature on accompanying partners of international students (APIS), who are often an ignored population in programs and services for the internationalization of Canadian higher education. Particularly, we identify three issues. First, we argue that current research on this group overwhelmingly focuses on their social and cultural adaptation difficulties while ignoring their agency in dealing with life challenges in the host society. Second, we note that research on this population should go beyond an overemphasis on gender, to include a comprehensive analysis of how gender intersects with other unequal social relations, such as race and class, in contributing to the complexity and multiplicity of their lived experiences. Finally, we suggest that rather than conflating APIS with trailing partners of expatriates or immigrants and treating them as a homogenous group, researchers should do more to address their heterogeneity from an anti-essentialist approach.
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Grover, Shalini. "English-speaking and Educated Female Domestic Workers in Contemporary India." Journal of South Asian Development 13, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 186–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174118788008.

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This article foregrounds a labour market for English-speaking and educated female domestic workers and their Western expatriate employers. Many women in this anthropological study had left office jobs and institutional environs connoting dignity to take up employment in Euro-American households performing what is widely perceived as low-status work. Using the narratives of domestic workers, this article scrutinizes motivations for opting for a stigmatized occupation and finds women’s accounts to be multilayered and provocative, thereby challenging established generalizations. In the intimate space of the expatriate household, these female workers diligently perform the tasks of an ‘all-rounder’ that represents a new managerial role in globalizing India. As part of expanding niche labour markets, the article highlights how these roles demand eclectic skill sets, professionalism, certified training, transnational experience and gender-specific expertise. Nonetheless, a key leitmotif is how domestic service with expatriates’ remains embedded in power relations and class-race hierarchies. In developing the anthropology of domestic labour, this article illuminates the continuation of persistent inequality and stratification in a locally functioning transnational labour market.
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ZAVGORODNIY, Konstantin. "The mechanism of inclusive development of the national economy." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 7, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2022-1-38.

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The main goal of the inclusive development of the national economy is to create a fair, inclusive, and sustainable economic environment that will contribute to the growth of the well-being of the entire society, ensuring the growth of incomes, the development of entrepreneurship, the creation of new jobs and the reduction of socio-economic inequalities. That is why there is a need to substantiate the mechanism of ensuring the inclusive development of the national economy. The article's purpose is to justify the mechanism of inclusive development of the national economy. The results. The mechanism of inclusive development of the national economy was justified. It was determined that the goal of inclusive development of the national economy is to create conditions and policies that will ensure equal opportunities and participation of all segments of society in economic processes. It was determined that the primary mechanism for inclusive development is providing access to resources, services, and opportunities for all citizens, regardless of race, gender, ethnic origin, age, physical abilities, and social status. Conclusions. The mechanism of inclusive development of the national economy was studied and it was defined as a multifunctional regulator of socio-economic relations and interactions between the government, business, the public, the academic and scientific community, which is based on the principles of justice, equality, openness, responsible participation and sustainability, takes into account influencing factors (social, economic, political, institutional, cultural, ecological, technological, global), provides for institutional-infrastructural, regulatory-legislative, financial-investment support and the use of modern methods of measuring socio-economic indicators and conducting research (including: monitoring, benchmarking, social audit, correlational analysis and identification of impact on various social groups), as well as special policies and tools (in particular: social support programs, measures of economic inclusion, accessibility of education and training, development of transport, communication, energy, social infrastructure), which provides access to resources, services and opportunities for all citizens, regardless of their race, gender, ethnic origin, age, physical abilities and social status, and creates a fair, inclusive and sustainable economic environment that will promote the growth of social well-being, the development of entrepreneurship, the creation of new jobs and reduction of socio-economic inequalities. Keywords: inclusive development, mechanism, the national economy.
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Charani, Esmita, Sipho Dlamini, Anastasia Koch, Sanjeev Singh, Rebecca Hodes, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Deepshikha Batheja, Elelwani Ramugondo, Arunima Sehgal Mukherjee, and Marc Mendelson. "Power Relations in Optimisation of Therapies and Equity in Access to Antibiotics (PROTEA) Study: investigating the intersection of socio-economic and cultural drivers on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its influence on healthcare access and health-providing behaviours in India and South Africa." Wellcome Open Research 9 (July 24, 2024): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20193.1.

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Across social structures within society, including healthcare, power relations manifest according to gender, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, and class influencing infection related healthcare access and health providing-behaviours. Therefore, accounting for sociocultural drivers, including gender, race, and class, and their influence on economic status can improve healthcare access and health-providing behaviours in infection prevention and control (IPC) as well as antibiotic use, which in turn helps mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This Wellcome funded research will investigate how and why the social determinants of health and economic status influence how people seek, experience, and provide healthcare for suspected or proven (bacterial) infections and how these factors influence antibiotic prescribing and use in South Africa (upper middle-income country) and India (lower middle-income country). The aim of this body of work is to, (1) define and estimate the sociocultural and economic drivers for AMR in different resource settings, (2) design, implement and evaluate context-sensitive IPC and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions, and (3) inform policy and strategy for AMR mitigation. The population will be healthcare workers (HCWs), patients, and their carers across acute medical and surgical pathways where IPC and antibiotic-related healthcare access and health-providing behaviours will be studied. Qualitative methods will include ethnographic research, semi-structured in-depth interviews, and focus groups with healthcare providers, patients and carers. Quantitative analysis of bedside observational data from hospitals and population level data on antibiotic use will study the various predictors of AMR using bivariable and multivariable regression analyses. The research will provide high-quality evidence on how social determinants intersect with health, social well-being, and vulnerability in IPC practices and antibiotic use. Using this knowledge we will: 1) design, implement, and measure effects of interventions accounting for these factors; 2) provide a toolkit for advocacy for actors in AMR, and healthcare to assist them to promote dialogue, including policy dialogue on this issue. This work directly benefits the target population and informs healthcare services and practice across the participating countries with potential for wider translation. The setting will be hospitals in South Africa (middle-income country) and India (lower middle-income country). The population will be healthcare workers (HCWs), patients, and their carers across acute medical and surgical pathways where IPC and antibiotic-related health-seeking and health-providing behaviours will be studied. These populations represent communities most affected by infections and AMR because existing interventions do not address a) differences in how surgical versus medical teams manage infections; b) the role of the wider social network of individuals on their decision-making, c) intersection of the social determinants of health including race, gender, socioeconomic deprivation with AMR.
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Duan, Haoshu. "CHANGING FAMILY DESTINIES, DIVERGENT FAMILY CAREGIVING PATTERNS: DO BIRTH COHORTS, GENDER, RACE, AND SES MATTER?" Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2556.

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Abstract Over the past few decades, Americans have experienced a series of demographic transitions include prolonged longevity and rise in the complexities of family structures. The Baby Boomer cohort is at the forefront of these transitions, which has profound implications on their later-life family relations and practices of family caregiving. Most caregiving literature has focused on static care experiences over a short time, while neglecting long-term care experiences. Using 10 waves of longitudinal data from HRS (2000-2018) and latent profile analysis, I identified five prominent long-term caregiving patterns: light parental caregivers (44.1%), intensive spousal caregivers (5.6%), sandwiched caregivers (5.5%), light grandchildren caregivers (38.7%), and heavy grandchildren caregivers (6.2%). Further, I conduct multinominal logistic regression to investigate how birth cohorts, gender, race, and education shaped these patterns. Results suggested that later cohorts have seen a decline in intensive spousal caregivers, light and heavy grandchildren caregivers, but an increase in light parental caregivers. Women are more likely to be sandwiched caregivers than men, and black caregivers are more likely to be intensive spousal caregivers, heavy grandchildren caregivers, and sandwiched caregivers than white. By contrast, white and more educated caregivers are more likely to be light parental caregivers, and this pattern becomes more pronounced in later cohorts. The findings suggest divergent destinies of family caregiving patterns among later cohorts. More disadvantaged groups are shouldering heavier care responsibilities than advantaged groups. Targeted care services should be implemented to ease the care burdens of the vulnerable population.
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Studniarz, Sławomir. "Postcolonialism Goes Queer: Concealments and Disclosures in Dinaw Mengestu’s All Our Names." African American Review 56, no. 1 (March 2023): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/afa.2023.a903600.

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Abstract: This article discusses All Our Names , the 2014 novel by Dinaw Mengestu, an Ethiopian-born, American immigrant writer. The narrative focuses on two figures: a young Ethiopian dreamer caught in the postcolonial military struggle in Uganda who later seeks safe haven in the US, and a single white American woman in her early thirties named Helen, a social worker at Lutheran Relief Services. Such a configuration certainly suggests the relevance of the postcolonial perspective, but in the novel, issues of race and postcolonialism are intertwined with the identity crisis aggravated by the ethnically polarized world of small-town America. Yet the identity that is destabilized is not merely racial but also sexual, through the convoluted and illicit erotic relationships in which the characters are enmeshed. This article analyzes the concealments of sexual identities and the struggles of the characters, who are reluctant to disclose their selves and the true nature of their relations with each other, first in the context of cultural dislocation engendered by involuntary migration to the United States, and then in the postcolonial setting of war-torn Uganda
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Parish, Jessica. "Re-wilding Parkdale? Environmental gentrification, settler colonialism, and the reconfiguration of nature in 21st century Toronto." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 263–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619868110.

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In 21st century Toronto, the labour of caring for urban trees is entangled with both gentrification processes and the social reproduction of settler colonial space. This paper contributes to the study of environmental gentrification through a study of the social reproduction of settler colonial relations to land in the Parkdale–High Park area of Toronto. Specifically, I take up the hyper-visibility of some forms of social reproduction, in order to shed light on how the mundane, quotidian ‘non-work’ of living in/with/for capitalism becomes a site of privilege and a luxury pursuit for more affluent residents. The paper highlights the processes and practices whereby settler colonial urban subjects seek out ‘nature’ as a temporary outside where they can escape from widely accepted downsides of capitalist urbanism, including a diverse array of social and physical ills, from stress, to obesity, to ecological degradation. The paper asks: whose social reproduction does the presence of urban trees serve? In the context of 21st century financialized gentrification, cities are increasingly normalized as spaces of wealth and luxury. It is therefore crucial to pay attention to the raced, gendered, and colonial micro-politics through which urban ecologies are transformed in the service of an anti-democratic vision of the city as a space of leisure and luxury.
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Callon, Emma. "Unbalanced Scales of Global Capitalism: Analyzing Temporary Foreign Worker Programs in Canada." Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology 5, no. 1 (August 2, 2016): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cgjsc.v5i1.3742.

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This article analyzes several characteristics of two of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Programs (TFWPs): The Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) and the Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP). First, I consider the social and economic contexts in which these programs have emerged. Second, I discuss how these programs maintain racial and gendered hierarchies. Third, I problematize the relationship TFWPs have with citizenship status, as well as critique TFWPs as a long-term solution to Canadian labour shortages. Last, I discuss the potential benefits of these TFWPs and suggest alternatives and potential improvements to the programs. Using a Marxist framework, this analysis situates Canada’s TFWPs within the broader political economy and argues that global capitalism and the state interact to serve the people and economies of the Global North at the expense of migrant workers from the Global South. Cet article examine deux programmes des travailleurs étrangers temporaires (PTET) du Canada: le Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers (PTAS) et le Programme concernant les aides familiaux résidants (PAFR). Cet essai examine plusieurs aspects des PTET. Premièrement, je tiens compte du contexte social et économique dans lequel ces programmes sont apparus. Deuxièmement, j’explique comment ces programmes maintiennent une hiérarchie basée sur la race et le sexe. Troisièmement, je pose le problème des relations entre les PTET et le statut de citoyen, et je formule également une critique du PTET comme solution à long terme à la pénurie de main-d’œuvre canadienne. Enfin, je discute des avantages potentiels de ces PTET et propose des solutions de rechange et des façons d’améliorer les programmes. À l’aide d’un cadre d’analyse marxiste, les PTET du Canada sont évalués globalement dans le contexte de l’économie politique et il est proposé que le capitalisme mondial et l’État interagissent au service des citoyens et des économies de l’hémisphère nord, au détriment des travailleurs migrants en provenance de l’hémisphère sud.
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Erickson, Bruce. "Anthropocene futures: Linking colonialism and environmentalism in an age of crisis." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 38, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775818806514.

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The universal discourse of the Anthropocene presents a global choice that establishes environmental collapse as the problem of the future. Yet in its desire for a green future, the threat of collapse forecloses the future as a site for creatively reimagining the social relations that led to the Anthropocene. Instead of examining structures like colonialism, environmental discourses tend to focus instead on the technological innovation of a green society that “will have been.” Through this vision, the Anthropocene functions as a geophysical justification of structures of colonialism in the services of a greener future. The case of the Canadian Boreal Forest Agreement illustrates how this crisis of the future is sutured into mainstream environmentalism. Thus, both in the practices of “the environment in crisis” that are enabled by the Anthropocene and in the discourse of geological influence of the “human race,” colonial structures privilege whiteness in our environmental future. In this case, as in others, ecological protection has come to shape the political life of colonialism. Understanding this relationship between environmentalism and the settler state in the Anthropocene reminds us that the universal discourse of the Anthropocene is intertwined with the attempt to sustain whiteness into the future.
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Bingham, Gary, Kyong-Ah Kwon, and John Kesner. "Child Maltreatment in United States: An Examination of Child Reports and Substantiation Rates." International Journal of Children's Rights 17, no. 3 (2009): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181809x439437.

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AbstractChild maltreatment represents a serious threat to children's rights and is a grave problem in the US and around the world. It is the second leading cause of death for children in the US. Each year, hundreds of thousands of reports are made to child protective services across the US. A fraction of these reports are made by the alleged victims of child maltreatment. While research into maltreatment reporting has generally focused on adult reporters, research on reports made by children themselves has been largely ignored. Data from a national child maltreatment reporting system were analyzed to first describe and then compare reports of maltreatment made by the alleged child victim to other adult reporters. Results indicated that a minority of self-reports are substantiated by child protective services and that the type of maltreatment most often reported by the alleged child victim differed significantly from other adult reporters. Differences related to the gender, race and ethnicity of the child reporter were also found.
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Camp, Janella, Laura Bernstein, and Julie Hicks Patrick. "WOMEN’S HEALTH: PARADOXICAL HEALTH DISPARITIES AMONG ASIAN AMERICAN WOMEN." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 787–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2845.

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Abstract Asian Americans are among the fastest growing ethnic minority groups in the U.S (Budiman & Ruiz, 2017), but women’s healthcare is understudied. This may allow potential health disparities to go unnoticed. Our study aims to determine whether Asian American women are utilizing preventative health care services and to examine relations with self-reported health. We used data from a national sample of American women (Nf 58,934; mean age = 47.3 years; range 18 to 80+) from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We examined the recency of receiving a PAP smear, a mammogram, and the HPV test, along with subjective assessments of health. Asian American women reported less recent PAP smears, mammograms, and HPV tests, relative to their counterparts. However, Asian American women reported better general and physical health than non-Asian American women. To examine whether Asian American status contributed to health reports above and beyond that accounted for by the preventative tests and age, we conducted a 3-step hierarchical regression. Even after controls, Asian American status accounted for unique variance in health outcomes [F (1, 58,928) = 36.51, p < .001]. Post hoc exploratory analyses further examine the role of race in women’s preventative health care. Our findings indicate that Asian American women report less use of medical services, but better general and physical health. These results suggest that further studies are needed to explore other health behaviors that may account for better health reports among Asian American women.
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Asmara, Musda, Rahadian Kurniawan, Sarweni Sarweni, and Fian Wijayanti. "The Role of Al-Qur'an Learning Center for Children in Increasing of Religious Moderation Values in Kenagarian Air Bangis, West Pasaman." AT-TURAS: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33650/at-turas.v10i1.5533.

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Kenagarian Air Bangis is located in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra Province, one of the heterogeneous areas in Minangkabau. Therefore, it is important to instill and teach the values of religious moderation to students from an early age so that it is easy to appreciate and respect other people of different ethnicities, races, and religions. This study aimed to see whether the understanding of religious moderation has been instilled in students. The study results concluded that the Al-Qur'an Learning Center For Children (TPA) in Kenagarian Air Bangis had shown its role as a non-formal educational institution in instilling and implementing religious moderation values in students. Teachers on faith, morals, and adab have delivered teaching materials related to religious moderation. Even though it has not been structured and managed properly, the values contained in national commitment, tolerance, anti-radicalism and violence, and accommodating local culture have been conveyed to students, such as respecting followers of other religions and respecting people of different ethnicities, races, and religions. It is proven that they have never received discriminatory treatment, harassment, and inter-religious bullying in the Kenagarian Air Bangis; they live side by side even though the non-Muslim community is far from the Muslim community, but in social relations and service to the community, they are treated the same as their rights as a citizen.
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32

WILD, R. A. "Social Stratification and Race Relations." Mankind 11, no. 2 (May 10, 2010): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1977.tb01169.x.

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33

Sariyeva, A. T., and A. K. Zholdubayeva. "New values in the post-pandemic period: the role of the concept of “new norm”." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 111, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023hph3/246-253.

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While the “new norm” is usually seen as a post-crisis situation, the pandemic has disrupted important structures such as health care and treatment systems, economic life, culture, socio-economic class structures and race relations, basic institutional arrangements, communities and everyday life. The situation can be assessed by looking at the arrangements put in place on a global scale. The Covid-19 pandemic has shown that the “new norm” is shaped not only by social conditions, but also by our everyday lifestyles, our culture. This can be defined by looking at some of the new skills and rules that will be in place by 2020. The article explores the definition of the “new norm” and outlines predictions for situations that have changed differently according to the “new norm”. A descriptive overview of the societal norms developed in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic is provided, and a synthetic analysis is made. The article highlights the issues of professional training for remote work, in particular, improving the technical skills of working outside the office, digital literacy of employees and self-control skills. During the pandemic, the focus was on the growth of digital literacy. Employees of many companies have successfully mastered videoconferencing, group work chats, project management systems, cloud services and other digital skills during the quarantine period. It all boils down to the fact that this is an important prerequisite for the development of additional employment (freelancing, part-time work, distance learning). A comparative analysis is also carried out of what positive and negative consequences have developed as a result of the continuation of remote employment by employees.
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34

Joly, Danièle. "Race Relations And Islam in the Prison Service." International Journal of Human Rights 11, no. 3 (September 2007): 307–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642980701443541.

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35

Siva, Nayanah. "Race relations in the UK's National Health Service." Lancet 373, no. 9679 (June 2009): 1935–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61050-3.

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36

Tsitsos, William. "Race Differences in Congregational Social Service Activity." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 42, no. 2 (June 2003): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5906.00173.

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37

GRAY, HERMAN. "Race Relations As News." American Behavioral Scientist 30, no. 4 (March 1987): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000276487030004004.

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38

Williams, Vernon J. "A History of Race Relations Social Science." Explorations in Ethnic Studies 17, no. 2 (July 1, 1994): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ees.1994.17.2.177.

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39

Domke, David. "The Press, Race Relations, and Social Change." Journal of Communication 51, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 317–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2001.tb02883.x.

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40

Dhruev, Neil. "Conflict and race in social work relations." Journal of Social Work Practice 6, no. 1 (March 1992): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650539208413488.

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41

Strelets, I., and S. Chebanov. "Financing of Inovations and Sovereign Funds." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 3 (2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-3-63-72.

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Technology turned to be a virtual bedrock of the contemporary global economy. The prospects for successful overcoming of the multiple social, environmental, economic and geo-political strains that are challenging the future of the mankind mainly depend on the technological progress in all spheres of life. The development and large-scale introduction of qualitatively new, in many cases disruptive, technologies demand accumulation and efficient allocation of huge amounts of resources, primarily the financial ones. Since the global financial crisis of 2008–2009 sovereign wealth funds proved to be some of the most well-capitalized institutional investors and substantially increased their role in the international economic architecture. Currently, total disclosed assets under management (AUM) of 95 active state-run funds are estimated at about 9 Trillion US dollars, which presents almost 10% of the total worldwide AUM. Even more importantly, thanks to the structure of capital and statutory mandates, they can take a longer view on value creation and, thus, on operations’ planning as compared to venture funds, PE funds and other counterparts from the private sector. Far-reaching investment horizon is a feature that is critical and highly welcomed in such capital-demanding and volatile sphere as financing of innovations. According to available data, in recent years the leading sovereign wealth funds joined the global race in technologies and noticeably increased their investments in the technological sector, including transition to “green” economy, clean energy, digitalization of production, transportation and distribution, ICT-based services and business platforms. This trend can be traced since mid 2010s. Even in pandemic 2020 sovereign funds were most active in the technology sector (25% of all registered deals). The second and the third places were taken by services (including e-commerce infrastructure) and life sciences (vaccines): 18 and 17.6% respectively. This data is based on the analysis of 165 fresh annual deals worth 42 Billion US dollars. The sovereigns’ trend to get closer to the technological assets (instead of traditional equities and mortgage) is being accompanied by greater in-house expertise and skills, general sophistication of strategies and operational management. This is especially true in cases of direct investments and access to early-stage technology-focused ventures. The empirical evidence allows to expect that in a foreseeable future the sovereign wealth funds will be steadily increasing their roles in financing of global innovations.
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42

Berdes, Celia, and John M. Eckert. "Race Relations and Caregiving Relationships." Research on Aging 23, no. 1 (January 2001): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027501231006.

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43

AÇIKEL, Mikail, and Zuhal KAYNAKÇI ELİNÇ. "EXAMINATION OF STORAGE UNITS IN TERMS OF THE DESIGN OF SPACE AND FURNITURE IN TRADITIONAL TURKISH DWELLING." Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken / Journal of World of Turks 14, no. 2 (August 15, 2022): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/zfwt/140216.

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The role and importance of local architecture in the traditional texture are significant. Traditional dwelling as part of the local architecture; The influence of religion shapes the family structure of the people living in the region, culture, social relations, climate, and topography. The concept of storage, which defines a meaningful service action in traditional dwellings, has a regional approach inspired by both socio-cultural and natural environments in terms of space and reinforcement fiction. In this context, as the fruit of centuries of past experience, the storage areas in the space and reinforcement of traditional dwellings have unique qualities. These areas' protection, registration, and sustainability are essential for the cultural identity. In this direction, of the study, the storage areas in traditional Turkish dwellings; functional construction (Space-Action Relationship) and reinforcement properties (Fixed and Moving Reinforcements), and construction technique-material and ornamental properties of these units were examined. In the light of the examinations made, the traditional Turkish dwelling storage units, woodshed, haystack, storeroom-warehouse, pantry room, and attic used in functional fiction; fixed and moving units are determined to consist of fixed equipment such as load, cabinet systems, rack-sergen, fixed granary and moving equipment such as cubes, baskets, crates and moving grain warehouses. It is thought that the storage action, an essential part of daily life, will be a source for other research in examining the traditional Turkish dwelling buildings, determining their cultural qualities, transferring them to future generations, and creating an archive for the cultural inventory. Keywords: Traditional Turkish Dwelling, Interior Architecture, Venue and Equipment Fiction, Storage Units
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44

Sanders Thompson, Vetta L. "Perceptions of Race and Race Relations Which Affect African American Identification1." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 21, no. 18 (September 1991): 1502–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00484.x.

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45

Behrens, Rob. "John Solomos, Black Youth, Racism and the State. The Politics of Ideology and Reform, published for the Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations at the University of Warwick by Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988. 284 pp. £27.50; - Lincoln Octavius Williams, Partial Surrender. Race and Resistance in the Youth Service, The Falmer Press, London, 1988. 194 pp. £17.95, paper £8.50." Journal of Social Policy 19, no. 1 (January 1990): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400017967.

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46

STANFIELD, JOHN H. "Archival Methods in Race Relations Research." American Behavioral Scientist 30, no. 4 (March 1987): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000276487030004003.

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47

Khmelkov, Vladimir T., and Maureen T. Hallinan. "Organizational Effects on Race Relations in Schools." Journal of Social Issues 55, no. 4 (January 1999): 627–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00139.

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48

Gabe, Jonathan. "‘Race’-Education Policy as Social Control?" Sociological Review 42, no. 1 (February 1994): 26–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1994.tb02991.x.

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This paper focuses on the instrumentalist Marxist model which has been used to explain the policies of the British state in the field of ‘race’-education. After discussing the model's core assumptions and its application in this field the paper explores the model's explanatory adequacy through a case study of the role of the quasi-state agencies of the ‘race’-relations industry in developing ‘race’-education policy in initial teacher education. It ends by considering whether a new conceptual framework is needed to understand ‘race’-education policy.
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Morrissey, Marietta. "Exploring Social Distance in Race and Ethnic Relations Courses." Teaching Sociology 20, no. 2 (April 1992): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1317394.

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50

Sniderman, Paul M., Edward G. Carmines, Geoffrey C. Layman, and Michael Carter. "Beyond Race: Social Justice as a Race Neutral Ideal." American Journal of Political Science 40, no. 1 (February 1996): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2111693.

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