Relevant bibliographies by topics / Social security systems

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Social security systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Social security systems"

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Gonzalez-Parra, Gilberto, and Abraham J. Arenas. "A Mathematical Model for Social Security Systems with Dynamical Systems." Ingeniería y Ciencia 10, no. 19 (January 2014): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.10.19.2.

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In this paper it is proposed a mathematical approach based ondynamicsystems to study the effect of the increase in the Social Security normalretirement age on the worker and on the dynamics of retiree populations.In order to simplify this initial effort, the proposed model does not includesome economic variables, such as wage growth, earnings or productivity.Here, we employ numerical simulations of the model to investigate the dy-namics of the labor force under different demographic scenarios. Analysisof this type of model with numerical simulations can help government economic planners make optimal strategies to sustain pension systems andforecast future trends of pensioner and worker populations.
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Lin, Mao, Yong Wang, and Gang Shi. "Social Security Video Surveillance Systems." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 5906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.5906.

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the reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people rich and colorful. However, the disparity between the rich and poor gap are increasing due to the uneven development in Chinese economic so that state of social security become more and more terrible than the pass. Thus, it is very meaningful to establish a social security video surveillance system to achieve security linkage management by this way that monitors the important insecure point by installing one or more camera to capturing the situation real-time. When there is something happen, the monitoring center will cause an alert signal to administer for further processing. In this paper, we present a scheme to achieve the social security requirement.
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Pallán Figueroa, Carlos. "Problems and scenarios on social security systems." Gestión y Estrategia 14 (July 1, 1998): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/gye/1998n14/pallan.

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Kaseke, Edwin. "Social security and older people." International Social Work 48, no. 1 (January 2005): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872805048711.

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English This article discusses the concepts and forms of social security and examines some of the systems and trends in Africa. Formal systems in Africa are poorly developed and suggestions are made for improving the situation. French Cet article discute de concepts et de formules de sécurité sociale et examine certaines tendances africaines. L'auteur observe que les systèmes de sécurité sociale sont peu développés en Afrique et suggère des moyens de remédier à la situation. Spanish Se examina el concepto y las formas de seguridad, así como también algunas de la direcciones hacia las que apunta la seguridad social en Africa. Se observa que en Africa los sistemas de seguridad social están poco desarrollados, y se hacen sugerencias para mejorar la situación.
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Uriadnikova, Inga, and Vasyl Zaplatynskyi. "MANAGEMENT OF COMPLEX SOCIAL HUMAN SECURITY SYSTEMS." JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute, no. 1 (2021): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2021-1-135-142.

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Purpose: scientific substantiation of social security based on the principles of management of complex systems and an example of the application of mathematical modeling to determine internal risks in a complex social system.. Methods: use of elements of mathematical modeling, in particular the theory of optimal control and linear programming; analysis of the content of the concept of “security paradox”, logical-determinant assessment of this concept. Results: it is proposed to apply the principles of management of complex systems to ensure the social security of groups of people and society. An example of the application of mathematical modeling to determine internal risks in a complex social system is given. In order to ensure the proper functioning of risk mitigation measures in complex social systems, it is proposed to introduce compensatory risks, which may be penalties or other measures that can be considered as specifically introduced risks for individuals. The introduction of external protection against a number of dangers can provoke the emergence of a “security paradox”, the essence of which is to reduce the personal activity of counteracting risk by relying on external protection. Effective social security requires the development of a culture of security, morality, worldview and legislative measures.. Scientific novelty: the use of elements of mathematical modeling for risk assessment in the social security management system is proposed; introduced the concept of “security paradox”, which arises when security is moved from the individual to the collective level. The use of principles of management of complex systems for social security is offered. Practical significance: The use of a systematic approach and principles of management of complex systems in ensuring the security of society will identify the most important risks and focus on their prevention, prevention or reduction. An example of mathematical modeling is proposed to assess the internal risks of the social system.
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Ahmad, Ehtisham, and Jean-Luc Schneider. "Alternative Social Security Systems in CIS Countries." IMF Working Papers 93, no. 8 (1993): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451842470.001.

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Kaskarelis, Ioannis A. "On state pensions and social security systems." Foresight 11, no. 1 (February 20, 2009): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636680910936404.

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Leary, Ed. "Expert Systems at the Social Security Administration." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 8, no. 2 (1989): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3323378.

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Bloom, David E., David Canning, Richard K. Mansfield, and Michael Moore. "Demographic change, social security systems, and savings." Journal of Monetary Economics 54, no. 1 (January 2007): 92–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2006.12.004.

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Schwarz, Mordechai E., and Eytan Sheshinski. "Quasi-hyperbolic discounting and social security systems." European Economic Review 51, no. 5 (July 2007): 1247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2006.09.004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social security systems"

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Resende, Tiago Simões. "Bosch security systems : impacto cultural e social." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22127.

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Mestrado em Línguas e Relações Empresariais
A cultura organizacional é algo imaterial, intangível mas percetível através dos seus efeitos e consequências. Uma organização pode ser comparada a um indivíduo como possuidor de uma identidade, única e irrepetível. Com este trabalho pretende-se estudar o impacto da empresa Bosch, Security Systems no concelho de Ovar, a partir do início das suas atividades até à atualidade. Isto, com o objetivo de perceber se a implementação provocou modificações ao integrar-se no concelho. A partir das análises dos indicadores sociais e económicos, da realização de entrevistas procurou-se demonstrar que o concelho tem sofrido alterações com a implementação de empresas internacionais ao longo do tempo.
The organizational culture is something immaterial, intangible but perceptible through its effects and consequences. An organization can be compared to an individual as possessor of an identity, unique and unrepeatable. We intend to study the impact of the company Bosch, Security Systems in the Ovar municipality. From the start of its activities to the present time. This, in order to understand if the implementation has caused regarding its integration. Starting from the analyses of social and economic indicators, and the realization of interviews we intend to demonstrate that the municipality has improved positive consequences with the implementation of international companies in its area along the time.
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Reyes, Carlos. "European portability rules for social security benefits and their effects on the national social security systems." SFB International Tax Coordination, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2004. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1726/1/document.pdf.

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Avgerou, Chrisanthi. "Information systems in social administration : factors affecting their success." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261972.

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Zervou, Fani. "Social insurance system of Greece : a comparison with British, American and Spanish social security systems; and econometric model." Thesis, City University London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264248.

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Casarico, Alessandra. "An economic analysis of pension systems and reforms." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324516.

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Munshedzi, Thivhakoni Kingsley. "An assessment of the impact of the management of the social security system on access to services in Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1574.

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Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016
In attacking poverty in post-apartheid South Africa, the country’s new government adopted a multiple approach focusing on building institutions and organisations on a macro regional and local level, levels to facilitate growth, reconstruction and social upliftment. In its effort to alleviate poverty and inequality, the Government of South Africa introduced a social security system. In an endeavour to address the deficiencies surrounding this system, the government has established a number of mechanisms. In order to distribute these grants to the right people in the right place, the government formed the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA). The research problem was, therefore, to find out how the management and administration of social security by SASSA is enhancing or retarding access to the services for which the agency was established to render. The aim of this study was to assess how the management and administration of the social security system impact on the accessibility of social services by those who require them. In order to achieve the aim of this study, the following objectives were addressed: how social security is managed in the Limpopo Province; to assess the impact of the management of the system on access to services; to identify possible strategies that could enhance access to social security services; and to provide recommendations based on the literature and research findings. The findings of this study was that the administration system of the South African grant system has been somewhat cumbersome for both the applicant and the administrator because the forms used for most grants are detailed and often quite technical. Furthermore, it was established that were service delivery challenges of severe staff shortages at critical operational levels where grant applications are processed and infrastructural challenges such as insufficient office space (too many staff members in a specific office) and insufficient or no connectivity at certain service delivery points. These are all organisational challenges that SASSA is facing. This research recommend that the Limpopo regional office must not only be responsible for giving information about newly enrolled recipients to the SASSA national office but the regional office should be able to complete the whole process within its offices without passing it on to the national office The research also recommends that a Monitoring and Evaluation unit must be established in regional offices. This unit will assist the management and administration of social grants in particular with improving services. This unit will visit different SASSA offices in the local municipalities on a regular basis in order to evaluate the performance of those particular offices. This will help to monitor the service delivery to the beneficiaries. Lastly, SASSA should do more research and development in consultation academic institutions or by structure within SASSA offices
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Tar, Nicholas L. K. "When Cyber Systems Crash: Attitudes Towards Cyber Utilization And Security." NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/69.

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This research focused on examining attitudinal differences of Internet utilization and security with the objective of understanding the relationships that cyber usability have with cybercrime and then determine best practices needed to promote the secure use of the Internet. The research was designed as a quantitative study that used judgment sampling to survey 433 cases to explain the relationship that exists between cyber utilization and security. To achieve this objective, research questions and hypothesis were designed to guide the analysis. Cross tabulation analysis was used to compare the dependent and independent variables while Chi-square, Lambda and Gamma statistical tests were used to verify the relationship and identify statistical significance of the relationship. The findings revealed that while variables like being IT savvy, amount of financial loss, education, age, gender and residence location did not have evidence of a relationship with security, research participants had concern for secure cyber use and thought that cybersecurity awareness training and type of transaction conducted on the Internet were associated to security even though the strength of each relationship was weak. The study highlighted the damaging effects of cybercrime and recommended that cyber users should embrace best practice principles as they browse the Internet and utilize cybersecurity awareness training as an important function of secure IT utilization.
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Tarimo, Charles N. "ICT Security Readiness Checklist for Developing Countries : A Social-Technical Approach." Doctoral thesis, Kista : Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1354.

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Li, Hong Ping. "Secure proximity queries in mobile geo-social services." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1551.

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Tootell, Holly. "The social impact of using automatic identification technologies and location-based services in national security." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080519.145309/index.html.

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Books on the topic "Social security systems"

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International Institute of Administrative Sciences. Working Group on Social Security Systems., ed. Transformations in social security systems. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 1997.

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Edwin, Kaseke, and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, eds. Social security systems in rural Zimbabwe. Harare, Zimbabwe: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 1998.

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B, Oliveira Francisco E., ed. Social security systems in Latin America. Washington, D.C: Inter-American Development Bank, 1994.

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Grochulski, Borys. Nonseparable preferences and optimal social security systems. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Grochulski, Borys. Nonseparable preferences and optimal social security systems. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Association, International Social Security, ed. Organisation and structure of social security systems. Geneva: International Social Security Association, 1993.

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Ahmad, S. Ehtisham. Alternative social security systems in CIS countries. Washington: International Monetary Fund, Fiscal Affairs Department, 1993.

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Hacking the human: Social engineering techniques and security countermeasures. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2009.

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Subrahmanya, R. K. A. Evolution and status of social security systems in India. [New Delhi]: Social Security Association of India, 1995.

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McCarthy, F. Desmond. Population aging and pension systems. Washington, DC: World Bank, Office of the Senior Vice President, Development Economics, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Social security systems"

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Balfour, Campbell. "Systems of social security." In Industrial Relations in the Common Market, 124–29. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003107996-11.

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Dhouioui, Zeineb, Abdullah Ali Alqahtani, and Jalel Akaichi. "Social Networks Security Policies." In Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 395–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39345-2_34.

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Spremann, K. "Medical Care and Social Security." In Health Systems Research, 223–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83240-6_19.

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Kim, Sangho. "Efficiency of Social Security Systems." In Competition, Efficiency, and Welfare, 341–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5559-9_18.

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Kukkala, Varsha Bhat, Jaspal Singh Saini, and S. R. S. Iyengar. "Privacy Preserving Network Analysis of Distributed Social Networks." In Information Systems Security, 336–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49806-5_18.

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Uplavikar, Nitish M., Jaideep Vaidya, Dan Lin, and Wei Jiang. "Privacy-Preserving Friend Recommendation in an Integrated Social Environment." In Information Systems Security, 117–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65610-2_8.

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Balakrishna, A. S. V., and N. Srinivasu. "Effective Security in Social Data Security in OSNs." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 445–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3223-3_43.

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Saravani, Sina Mahdipour, Indrajit Ray, and Indrakshi Ray. "Automated Identification of Social Media Bots Using Deepfake Text Detection." In Information Systems Security, 111–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92571-0_7.

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Trump, Benjamin D., Kelsey Poinsatte-Jones, Meir Elran, Craig Allen, Bojan Srdjevic, Myriam Merad, Dejan M. Vasovic, and José Manuel Palma-Oliveira. "Social Resilience and Critical Infrastructure Systems." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 289–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1123-2_9.

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Mesjasz, Czeslaw. "Security as Attributes of Social Systems." In Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, 45–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75977-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Social security systems"

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Nagy, Jan, and Peter Pecho. "Social Networks Security." In 2009 Third International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/securware.2009.56.

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Lipford, Heather Richter. "Session details: Security (social)." In CHI '11: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3249040.

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Kotkova, Barbora, and Martin Hromada. "Cyber Security and Social Engineering." In 2021 25th International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Communications and Computers (CSCC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cscc53858.2021.00031.

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Shekokar, Narendra M., and Krishna B. Kansara. "Security against sybil attack in social network." In 2016 International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icices.2016.7518887.

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Sankararaman, Sriram, Jay Chen, Lakshminarayanan Subramanian, and Venugopalan Ramasubramanian. "TrickleDNS: Bootstrapping DNS security using social trust." In 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2012.6151334.

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Forkun, Iryna, Iryna Kravets, Olga Harvat, and Tetyana Gordeeva. "Social security system: financial aspect of functioning." In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Strategies, Models and Technologies of Economic Systems Management (SMTESM 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/smtesm-19.2019.25.

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"A Privacy Model for Social Networks." In International Workshop on Security in Information Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003581500800090.

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Chiluka, Nitin, Nazareno Andrade, Johan Pouwelse, and Henk Sips. "Social Networks Meet Distributed Systems." In ASIA CCS '15: 10th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2714576.2714606.

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Kyunghoon Kim, Soonil Bae, and Kwanghak Huh. "Intelligent surveillance and security robot systems." In 2010 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arso.2010.5679624.

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Wu, Zhong, Jun-hui Fan, and Cheng Li. "A Framework of Applying BI to Social Security Systems." In 2008 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2008.24.

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Reports on the topic "Social security systems"

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Bloom, David, David Canning, Rick Mansfield, and Michael Moore. Demographic Change, Social Security Systems, and Savings. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12621.

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Grochulski, Borys, and Narayana Kocherlakota. Nonseparable Preferences and Optimal Social Security Systems. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13362.

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Auerbach, Alan, Lorenz Kueng, and Ronald Lee. Propagation and Smoothing of Shocks in Alternative Social Security Systems. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19137.

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Pecchenino, Rowena A., and Patricia S. Pollard. The Effects of Aging and Myopia on the Pay-as-you-go Social Security Systems of the G7. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.1998.023.

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Erkamo, Sanna, Karoliina Pilli-Sihvola, Atte Harjanne, and Heikki Tuomenvirta. Climate Security and Finland – A Review on Security Implications of Climate Change from the Finnish Perspective. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361362.

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This report describes the effects of climate change for Finland from the view of comprehensive security. The report examines both direct and indirect climate security risks as well as transition risks related to climate change mitigation. The report is based on previous research and expert interviews. Direct security risks refer to the immediate risks caused by the changing nature of natural hazards. These include the risks to critical infrastructure and energy systems, the logistics system, health and food security. Indirect security risks relate to the potential economic, political and geopolitical impacts of climate change. Climate change can affect global migration, increase conflict risk, and cause social tensions and inequality. Transition risks are related to economic and technological changes in energy transition, as well as political and geopolitical tensions and social problems caused by climate change mitigation policies. Reducing the use of fossil fuels can result in domestic and foreign policy tensions and economic pressure especially in locations dependent on fossil fuels. Political tension can also increase the risks associated with hybrid and information warfare. The security effects of climate change affect all sectors of society and the Finnish comprehensive security model should be utilized in preparing for them. In the short run, the most substantial arising climate change related security risks in Finland are likely to occur through indirect or transition risks. Finland, similar to other wealthy countries, has better technological, economic and institutional conditions to deal with the problems and risks posed by climate change than many other countries. However, this requires political will and focus on risk reduction and management.
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Haider, Huma. Mainstreaming Institutional Resilience and Systems Strengthening in Donor Policies and Programming. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.101.

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This rapid review synthesises evidence on key aspects of mainstreaming institutional resilience and systems strengthening in donor policies and programming in FCAS (Fragile and Conflict-affect States) contexts, particularly in nutrition (food security), health, WASH and the economic sector. Institutional resilience is the ability of a social system (society, community, organisation) to absorb and recover from external shocks, while positively adapting and transforming to address long-term changes and uncertainty. Investing in strong, well-functioning and adaptable social systems, such as health, education and social protection systems, can build resilience, as this help to cushion the negative economic and social effects of crises. While development actors have established guidance on how institutions can be made more effective, inclusive and accountable, there is much less literature on institutional resilience and how development actors can help to foster it. Much of the literature notes a lack of systematic evidence on applying the concept of resilience. These gaps extend to a dearth of guidance on how development actors can mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into their policies and programmes. This rapid review draws on common factors discussed in the literature that are considered important to the strengthening of resilience and particular systems. These may, in turn, provide an indication of ways in which to mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into development policy and programming
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Thompson, John, Thompson, John, Njuguna Ndung’u, Miguel Albacete, Abid Q. Suleri, Junaid Zahid, and Rubab Aftab. The Impact of Covid-19 on Livelihoods and Food Security. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2021.002.

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Studies of livelihoods and food systems since the start of the global pandemic in 2020 have shown a consistent pattern: the primary risks to food and livelihood security are at the household level. Covid-19 is having a major impact on households’ production and access to quality, nutritious food, due to losses of income, combined with increasing food prices, and restrictions to movements of people, inputs and products. The studies included in this Research for Policy and Practice Report and supported by the Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) Programme span several continents and are coordinated by leading research organisations with a detailed understanding of local food system dynamics and associated equity and livelihood issues in their regions: (1) the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa; (2) supporting small and medium enterprises, food security, and evolving social protection mechanisms to deal with Covid-19 in Pakistan; and (3) impact of Covid-19 on family farming and food security in Latin America: evidence-based public policy responses.
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Thompson, John, Thompson, John, Njuguna Ndung’u, Miguel Albacete, Abid Q. Suleri, Junaid Zahid, and Rubab Aftab. The Impact of Covid-19 on Livelihoods and Food Security. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2021.001.

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Studies of livelihoods and food systems since the start of the global pandemic in 2020 have shown a consistent pattern: the primary risks to food and livelihood security are at the household level. Covid-19 is having a major impact on households’ production and access to quality, nutritious food, due to losses of income, combined with increasing food prices, and restrictions to movements of people, inputs and products. The studies included in this Research for Policy and Practice Report and supported by the Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) Programme span several continents and are coordinated by leading research organisations with a detailed understanding of local food system dynamics and associated equity and livelihood issues in their regions: (1) the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa; (2) supporting small and medium enterprises, food security, and evolving social protection mechanisms to deal with Covid-19 in Pakistan; and (3) impact of Covid-19 on family farming and food security in Latin America: evidence-based public policy responses.
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9

Lee, Sunju. Social Security System of South Korea. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000182.

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10

Bosch, Mariano, Stephanie González, and María Teresa Silva Porto. Chasing Informality: Evidence from Increasing Enforcement in Large Firms in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003128.

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Evasion of labor market regulations in middle income countries is systemic. This is generally known as informality. In Latin America, where less than 50% of workers are registered with social security, this is a permanent phenomenon and encompasses a variety of economic realities ranging from subsistence self-employment to evasion of certain regulations including social security contributions. In this study we analyze the role of enforcement in curbing informality in large formal firms in Peru, where informality levels are around 70%. Through the Peruvian National Labor Control Superintendence (SUNAFIL) we randomly sent 697 letters to formal Peruvian firms of more than 50 workers, indicating their obligation to enroll workers in social insurance systems (health and pensions). Two types of letters were sent, one with a deterrence message and one emphasizing the benefits of formalization. One year after the letters were sent, we found a positive and statistically significant effect on the number of workers enrolled in social security (9.8% on average). Only strict deterrence messages had a significant impact, and only in very large firms. This evidence suggests that there is room for improvement in compliance with labor regulations through more proactive monitoring and behavioral tools such as reminders, but effects could be concentrated in the largest firms.
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