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Journal articles on the topic 'Social security – Developing countries'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Lahiri, Sajal, Ehtisham Ahmad, Jean Dreze, John Hills, and Amartya Sen. "Social Security in Developing Countries." Economic Journal 102, no. 413 (July 1992): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234610.

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2

Adams, John. "Social Security in Developing Countries." Journal of Economic Issues 27, no. 1 (March 1993): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1993.11505408.

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3

MacPherson, Stewart. "Social Security in Developing Countries." Social Policy & Administration 21, no. 1 (March 1987): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.1987.tb00258.x.

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4

Beck, Tony. "Social security in developing countries." Food Policy 16, no. 5 (October 1991): 423–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(91)90040-q.

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5

GINNEKEN, Wouter. "Extending social security: Policies for developing countries." International Labour Review 142, no. 3 (September 2003): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-913x.2003.tb00263.x.

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6

Ahmad, Ehtisham. "SOCIAL SECURITY AND THE POOR: Choices for Developing Countries." World Bank Research Observer 6, no. 1 (1991): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wbro/6.1.105.

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7

Jung, Juergen, and Chung Tran. "The extension of social security coverage in developing countries." Journal of Development Economics 99, no. 2 (November 2012): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.05.007.

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8

Mackenzie, G. A. "Social Security Issues in Developing Countries: The Latin American Experience." Staff Papers - International Monetary Fund 35, no. 3 (September 1988): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3867184.

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9

International Monetary Fund. "Social Security Issues in Developing Countries: The Latin American Experience." IMF Working Papers 88, no. 21 (1988): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451921373.001.

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10

Tamagno, Edward. "Coordination of social security programmes of developed and developing countries." International Social Security Review 47, no. 1 (January 1994): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-246x.1994.tb01097.x.

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11

Alisoy, Khalida. "Developing the right to social security: the experience of European countries." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.09.

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Goal: analysis of the development trend of social security law in the practice of developed European countries.Methods of research: analysis and study of domestic legislation on social security.Results: The article analyzes the legislation on social security of a number of economically developed countries of WesternEurope (Germany, France, Great Britain). The main purpose of the analysis is to identify the consistency of the social security legislationof these countries with international law and to identify opportunities to benefit from the positive experience of these countries ingeneral.A high level of social protection is being established in these countries. Nevertheless, the presence of differences in the internalpolitical situation, national traditions, the level of economic development and the social sphere is noted. It is recognized that the leadingstates of Western Europe, despite their natural differences, have common values that unite them. This is due to the fact that these stateshave long recognized that social justice and social equality contribute to economic development. The European social model providesfor joint actions of states and civil society in this area, aimed at meeting the material needs of all citizens, participation in society,strengthening social cohesion.Discussion: take advantage of the experience of developed European countries in the development of social security legislation.

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12

Tang, Kwong-leung. "The determinants of social security in developing countries: a comparative analysis." International Social Work 39, no. 4 (October 1996): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087289603900404.

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13

Justino, Patricia. "Social security in developing countries: MYTH or necessity? Evidence from India." Journal of International Development 19, no. 3 (2007): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1298.

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Botti Abbade, Eduardo, and Homero Dewes. "Brazilian dry-beans and food security in developing countries." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 4, no. 2 (November 11, 2014): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-06-2012-0015.

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Purpose – Considering Brazil as a food producer with global prominence and the urgency for food security in some developing countries, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the exports of Brazilian dry-beans against food security of its buyers. Design/methodology/approach – The investigation was conducted through analysis of data from official databases as FAO and WHO. This study elaborated dispersion maps crossing characteristics of the international buyers of Brazilian dry-beans considering their food security situations. Findings – Brazil has a high domestic consumption of dry-beans, and exports are seen as a secondary activity. However, its production is superior to their domestic needs. Exports of Brazilian dry-beans are generally volatile and unstable. Evidence suggests that countries with serious problems of child and population’s malnutrition (e.g. India and Angola) buy more Brazilian dry-beans. However, their domestic consumptions are still low. Research limitations/implications – This research based only on exports of dry-bean is faced as a significant limitation. Future studies adding other staple foods commonly consumed by economically disadvantaged populations may contribute to the investigation of the role of Brazil against the need for food security in developing countries and emerging economies. Social implications – Social implications are focussed in the pursuit of malnutrition decrease in the populations of developing countries through the consumption of nutritionally rich and economically viable food, such as dry-beans. Originality/value – The original value is based on the analysis of Brazilian dry-beans production and trades and its potential to contribute to nutritional safety and food security in developing countries.

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15

Olivier, Marius. "International Labour and Social Security Standards: A Developing Country Critique." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 29, Issue 1 (March 1, 2013): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2013003.

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Emphasizing the need for international standards to appreciate the realities of developing countries, the contribution highlights some of the problems experienced in this context: weak ratification of international labour and social security instruments, the lack of appropriate standards and coverage as regards informal economy workers, inadequacies in the material sphere of coverage emanating from these standards, and deficiencies in respect of standard-setting and -enforcement. It suggests that there is need for a reorientation and reconceptualization of international labour and social security standards, supported by a change in approach to assist developing countries in achieving outcomes that are aligned with international standards, and involving those affected by the extension debate in the design of appropriate standards and interventions.

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16

AI, Ogbonna. "The Impact of Covid-19 on Food Security in a Developing Country: Nigeria." Food Science & Nutrition Technology 5, no. 4 (July 24, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000223.

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SARS-CoV2 is a novel Coronavirus identified as the cause of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that originated in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and spread worldwide. The virus causes severe respiratory infection and is zoonotic; SARS-CoV2 is transmitted person-to-person through aerosols and droplets from infected persons. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International dimension on 30 January 2020. By March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. Till date, a functional vaccine is yet to be found for the disease. A series of containment measures have been implemented by various Governments such as social distancing, regular washing of hands with soap under running water, use of nose masks especially in public places, use of hand sanitizers, border closures and finally a total lockdown in many Cities Worldwide. The disease outbreak has had severe impact on both the social life and the economic well-being of many countries. The pandemic has resulted in very serious food crises in many Developing Countries as farmers no longer produce and there is a total restriction in the movement of food products as a result of the lockdown. More people are dying of hunger than COVID-19. The real impact of post- COVID-19 might be very difficult to assess as no one can predict the end of the pandemic. However, the economies of many Developing Countries are likely to crash and there is likely to be famine in such Countries. It is most unlikely that Developed Countries can give readily helping hands as they are going to be faced with their own individual Social and Economic problems.

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Arshad, Ameena. "Impact of financial inclusion on food security: evidence from developing countries." International Journal of Social Economics 49, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 336–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-08-2021-0462.

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PurposeThe paper empirically investigates the impact of financial inclusion on food security. Subsequently, it examines the overall effect of various dimensions of financial inclusion on food security of developing countries using the panel data for the time period of 2004–2019.Design/methodology/approachTo overcome the problem of endogeneity, the study has used a fixed-effect model, two-stage least-square and system generalized method of moments estimation techniques. Secondary data was collected from various websites such as WDI, FAO, UNICEF and UNESCO.FindingsIt was found in the study that there is a significant effect of financial inclusion on food security. The evidence shows that if there is more financial inclusion in the country, it will help poor people to cope with difficult situations they face and provide them food security. Financial development, per capita income, agriculture growth and education positively affect food security, while militarization and urbanization have a negative impact on food security. The crux of the analysis is that any country's financial sector is an integral part of any country that supports food security.Originality/valueThe literature does not clearly show the impact of financial inclusion dimensions on developing countries' food security. Therefore, there is a need to use all the dimensions of financial inclusion to check the overall impact on food security. For this purpose, the financial inclusion index is developed. A new dimension of non-life insurance is introduced that has not been used previously by any researcher to check financial inclusion impact.

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Usman, Sisca F. "Social Security Fund as a Form of Constitutional Responsibility for the Right to Health." Jurnal Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.53756/jjkn.v1i2.43.

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Health is one of the human rights that has been recognized and enshrined in the constitutions of many countries. To achieve a high level of health, Indonesia is not unlike many countries that have implemented and ensured the sustainability of social security programs in the health sector. This requires a stable source of fund. This study aims to compare the recognition of the right to health in the constitutions of developed and developing countries and sources of funding for social security for health programs using a literature review method. Developing and developed countries have recognized the right to health in their constitutions and regulate the social security system. There are many ways to regulate the sources of fund for social security programs. The state pays the contribution for their employers and for the poor, as well as providing financial support for implementing social security programs. Keywords: constitution; contribution in social security funding; social health insurance; the right to health

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19

von Benda-Beckmann (Hrsg.), F., K. von Benda-Beckmann (Hrsg.), E. Casino (Hrsg.), and F. Hirtz (Hrsg.). "Between Kinship and the State. Social Security and Law in Developing Countries." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 23, no. 4 (1990): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1990-4-479.

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20

Schmidt, Sönke. "Social security in developing countries: basic tenets and fields of state intervention." International Social Work 38, no. 1 (January 1995): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087289503800102.

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Overbye, Einar. "Extending social security in developing countries: a review of three main strategies." International Journal of Social Welfare 14, no. 4 (September 20, 2005): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-6866.2005.00373.x.

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22

Cox, Donald, and Emmanuel Jimenez. "Social Security and Private Transfers in Developing Countries: The Case of Peru." World Bank Economic Review 6, no. 1 (1992): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/6.1.155.

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23

van Ginneken, Wouter. "Social Security for the Informal Sector: A New Challenge for the Developing Countries." International Social Security Review 52, no. 1 (January 1999): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00033.

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24

Dabir-Alai, Parviz. "Book Review: Social Security for the Excluded Majority: Case Studies of Developing Countries." Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development 1, no. 2 (August 2001): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146801810100100207.

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25

Rahman, Monsurur, Geoffrey Tickell, and Reza Karim. "SOCIAL SECURITY AND POST-RETIREMENT BENEFITS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF BANGLADESH." International Journal of Business Research 19, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/ijbr-19-3.2.

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26

Cain, Mead. "Women's status and fertility in developing countries: Son preference and economic security." Studies in Family Planning 17, no. 1 (January 1986): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1966966.

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27

Șerban, Andreea Claudia, and Ionuț Jianu. "DEVELOPING AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SECURITY INDEX FOR EURO-ATLANTIC AREA COUNTRIES: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 112–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2023.18610.

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The concepts of economic and social security are very complex and dynamic, closely related to many new challenges that characterize today’s societies. Our research aims at investigating the economic and social security considering the current vulnerabilities, using an integrated multicriteria approach to this issue, taking into account five pillars (dimensions): demographic, climate, globalization, and ITC adaptation, social, and economic. Based on these dimensions, we developed an Economic and Social Security Index across the Euro-Atlantic countries and we found that the European Union (EU) is better positioned compared to the other country-groups analysed. Furthermore, we estimated the effects of duration of schooling and climate degradation on economic growth, by using the Panel EGLS method over the period 2010–2019, and we compared the results obtained for EU countries to the ones obtained for the other groups of countries in EuroAtlantic space: EU neighbours and candidate/potential candidate countries and other Eastern EU neighbourhood countries. We found a positive impact of the duration of schooling on the economic growth, which is greater in countries registering high levels of socio-economic security, the effect of the duration of schooling varying depending on the quality of education. In terms of the effects of CO2 emissions on economic growth, we found a negative impact, considering the one year lag.

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Melin, Pauline. "Member States’ social security agreements with India." European Journal of Social Security 20, no. 2 (June 2018): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1388262718771786.

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In a 2012 Communication, the European Commission described the current approach to social security coordination with third countries as ‘patchy’. The European Commission proposed to address that patchiness by developing a common EU approach to social security coordination with third countries whereby the Member States would cooperate more with each other when concluding bilateral agreements with third countries. This article aims to explore the policy agenda of the European Commission in that field by conducting a comparative legal analysis of the Member States’ bilateral agreements with India. The idea behind the comparative legal analysis is to determine whether (1) there are common grounds between the Member States’ approaches, and (2) based on these common grounds, it is possible to suggest a common EU approach. India is taken as a third-country case study due to its labour migration and investment potential for the European Union. In addition, there are currently 12 Member State bilateral agreements with India and no instrument at the EU level on social security coordination with India. Therefore, there is a potential need for a common EU approach to social security coordination with India. Based on the comparative legal analysis of the Member States’ bilateral agreements with India, this article ends by outlining the content of a potential future common EU approach.

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Chang, Yongjin. "Determinants of Public Service Career Choice in Developing Countries." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 35, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps35301.

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This study examines factors influencing public service career choice in developing countries through case studies and a survey. Based on the results of these case studies and survey, I conclude that job security, public service motivation, social recognition and status, and the opportunity for career development are important determinants in why individuals in developing countries choose a public service career. Bureaucratic power and family-related factors also play a role and reflect the high power distance and collectivist culture of developing countries.

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Jalal Shwani, Hemin Amen, and Tahir Hasoo Zebari. "The Risk of Facebook Social Media Network on Social Security." Journal of University of Raparin 7, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 204–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(7).no(4).paper12.

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Social security, which is considered as a part of national or state security, has great role in developing and advancing society. In this day and age, as we live in a world of development and technology, social security is under various types of threats and risks in most societies. The Press, through its different channels and means, plays a great role in creating and fostering this risk to destabilize social security. This, then, has necessitated many countries to restrict and curb some media outlets and journalists within legal boundaries. Accordingly, the emergence of the social media outlets in general, and Facebook, as a new social media network in particular, has increased the afore-mentioned risks and threats on social security. The aim of this paper is an attempt to find the range of the risk that comes out of Facebook on social security in Kurdistan region in general, and Erbil in particular.

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Krennerich, Michael. "Social Security – Just as much a Human Right in Developing Countries and Emerging Markets." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 47, no. 1 (2014): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-2014-1-105.

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Arun, Shoba, and T. G. Arun. "Gender issues in social security policy of developing countries: Lessons from the Kerala experience." International Social Security Review 54, no. 4 (January 2001): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.t01-1-00106.

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Jiang, Xiaoyu, Yangfen Chen, and Jieyong Wang. "Global Food Security under COVID-19: Comparison and Enlightenment of Policy Responses in Different Countries." Foods 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 2850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112850.

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(1) Background: COVID-19 has exacerbated global food security risks, and the global food supply chain, especially in developing countries, has become more vulnerable. (2) Methods: In this paper, we discussed the current security of global food, response measures, and potential impacts, and analyzed the characteristics and evolution of food security policies in four representative countries: China, Italy, Malawi, Argentina. (3) Results: The results showed that most countries give priority to ensuring food access. Most underdeveloped countries adopt humanitarian intervention measures such as food distribution and transfer payments, while developed countries tend to implement development intervention policies such as supporting small- and medium-sized enterprises and guaranteeing employment. (4) Conclusions: Despite the ample global supply, developing countries still face long-term food security risks, highlighting the importance of strengthening global food security governance and risk management. Finally, a food security risk response policy framework was built to provide suggestions for effectively handling COVID-19 and similar public health emergencies in the future.

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Dzanja, Joseph, Mike Christie, Ioan Fazey, and Tony Hyde. "The Role of Social Capital in Rural Household Food Security: The Case Study of Dowa and Lilongwe Districts in Central Malawi." Journal of Agricultural Science 7, no. 12 (November 8, 2015): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v7n12p165.

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<p>This paper explores the contribution of social capital on the rural household food security. Social capital is the ability of community actors to secure benefits by virtue of membership in social networks or other structures. In the past decade, consensus has emerged among scholars and practitioners of development that social capital can contribute significantly to the alleviation of poverty. Food insecurity is an indicator of poverty. This paper therefore takes this view by investigating the impact of social capital on the food security situation of rural people in developing countries, using the case study of Malawi in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using household survey data different social capital variables were incorporated into the household social welfare model, controlled by human capital, physical capital, household and geographical characteristics in order to test the linkage between social capital and rural household food security situation in the context of a developing country. Household food security status was improved by membership to farmers’ organizations, household network size and engagement in voluntary activities. When all social capital variables were incorporated into the model the explanatory power of the model improved by 20% on household food security.</p><p>We conclude that social capital has positive influence on household food security; however, the effects vary depending on the nature of social capital. The results indicate the significance of social networks in improving the socio-economic livelihoods of the people in rural areas in developing countries.</p>

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DOYLE, DAVID. "Remittances and Social Spending." American Political Science Review 109, no. 4 (November 2015): 785–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055415000416.

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Remittances are a significant source of foreign exchange for developing economies. I argue that remittances, due to their compensation and insurance functions, will increase the general income level and economic security of recipients, thereby reducing their perceived income risk. Over time, this will dampen demand from recipients for government taxation and social insurance. Therefore, I expect increases in income remitted to an economy to result in reduced levels of social welfare transfers at the macro-level. This dynamic can help us to understand spending patterns in developing democracies, and the absence of demand for social security transfers in countries with high levels of inequality and economic insecurity. I test this argument with a sample of 18 Latin American states, over the period 1990 to 2009, and subject the central causal mechanism to a battery of statistical tests. The results of these tests provide strong support for this argument.

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Sari, Anggun Putri Indah. "The Challenges of Religious Harmony and Tolerance in Developing Countries." Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ciils.v1i2.59060.

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This study aims to analyze how the challenges of religious harmony and tolerance in Indonesia are in the social and legal aspects. This study uses a literature study approach by comparing several legal regulations and previous research related to secondary data. This study found that religious harmony is a state of inter-religious relations based on tolerance, mutual understanding, mutual respect, respect for equality in the practice of their religious teachings and cooperation in social, national and state life within the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia. The right to religion (to embrace and practice worship) guaranteed by the Constitution and other laws is not a right that can be exercised at will. This means that there are certain signs or conditions so that the exercise of that right does not interfere with the rights of other people, the security and order of the community, the state and the nation; in other words, there are restrictions that must be considered by residents. This limitation is in Article 28J paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution in conjunction with Article 73 of the Human Rights Law. Article 28J paragraph (2) stipulates that in exercising their rights and freedoms, everyone is obliged to comply with the restrictions determined by law with the sole purpose of guaranteeing recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and to fulfill fair demands in accordance with moral considerations, religious values, security, and public order in a democratic society.

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Huo, Xuan, and Mingang Lin. "Evolution of the rural social security system in a large country over 35 years: institutional transformation and the Chinese experience." China Agricultural Economic Review 14, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-08-2021-0163.

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Purpose This paper aims to review the institutional evolution of China's rural social security system in the past 35 years, focusing on major policy transformations of the rural social security system in a large country, and extract the Chinese experience on developing rural social security.Design/methodology/approach This paper systematically reviews the evolution of rural social security system via organizing policy documents, key events and research literature on the construction of rural social security since the Reform and Opening-up.Findings First, institutional transformation is a profound change in China's rural social security system; second, policy transformation has taken place in the main areas of China's rural social security system, including rural endowment insurance, medical insurance and social assistance; third, the policy evolution of China's rural social security system has a unique experience in a large country.Originality/value China is the country with the largest rural population in the world. The process and experience of transforming the social security system in the vast rural areas of China have important value and reference significance for other developing countries.

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Sokolovskiy, Konstantin, Viktor Shestak, and Ahmad Ghandour. "Security and Privacy of Adolescents in Social Applications and Networks: Legal Practice of Developing Countries." International Journal of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics 1, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesdf.2022.10036942.

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Smahel, David, Lenka Dedkova, Lydia Kraus, Vaclav Matyas, and Vlasta Stavova. "Investigating Installers of Security Software in 20 Countries: Individual- and Country-Level Differences." Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2022 (June 1, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1230344.

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This article provides detailed evidence about the installers of online security software on personal computers according to differences among clusters of countries and various other country characteristics. The study presents unique data based on real installations around the world. The data are based on a large-scale quantitative study ( N = 18,727 ) which was prepared in cooperation with an international security company. The cluster analyses revealed four distinct clusters of software installers: those who install the software for a different user, those who are IT technicians and mostly install the software for other users, those who install the software for themselves and others on a shared computer, and those who install the software only for themselves. A second cluster analysis revealed four different country clusters. Within these clusters, countries handle online security software installation similarly; however, there are differences for the clusters according to industrialized, English-speaking countries and the cluster of developing countries. This study presents unique cluster analyses of the countries to shed light on the cross-culture differences in security software adoption and installation. The results implicate that software companies should consider providing different versions of the security software to match the country characteristics.

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Onuora, Lesley I. "Security of Equipment." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00001061.

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AbstractProviding adequate security for equipment is probably a problem in all parts of the world, but needs special consideration in developing countries. Social and economic conditions are very different so that implementation of advice sought from experts who are unfamiliar with local conditions can lead to disasters.The need for adequate security must be taken into account while considering factors such as type of equipment, the site for the equipment, budgetary provisions, personnel etc.Some examples of situations that may arise will be given in order to provoke discussion and raise the awareness of participants on this important issue.

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Jiang, Xiaoyu, and Yangfen Chen. "The Potential of Absorbing Foreign Agricultural Investment to Improve Food Security in Developing Countries." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 21, 2020): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062481.

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Global food security has been in a severe condition in recent years, especially in developing countries. These countries need sufficient investment to promote their agricultural development. At the same time, the increasing foreign investment in agriculture has aroused widespread concern in the international community. It is controversial whether it is conducive to the host country’s agriculture and social development. In order to study whether developing countries can promote food security by absorbing adequate and effective foreign agricultural investment, we use principal component analysis and select 135 countries (regions) as samples to construct an indicator system from three aspects: investment demand, investment environment and investment motivation. We use cross-section data consisting of the values of the most recent year updated for each indicator. The results show that the demand for foreign investment in developing countries is strong, but overall, it does not have much investment appeal and the investment environment is bad. There is a gap between the expectations and realities in societies in each developing country in terms of the introduction of foreign agricultural investment to promote food security. Governance and capacity building should be strengthened to reconcile their investment needs with investors’ motives. Meanwhile, more inclusive rules for foreign agricultural investment will help it to play its due role in developing countries.

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Sowtali, Siti Noorkhairina. "Waqf For Healthcare: Social Security of The Future." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v4i2.177.

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Waqf originated from an Arabic term “waqafa” means to stop, to prevent and to detain some commodities in terms of land, mosque, farms and cash for the benefits of society. Each Muslim country globally either in developed, developing or third countries has its way in managing the waqf. However, the understanding of the waqf concept in healthcare delivery system (HDS) is still new in Malaysia. Therefore, there arises a need to further explore on this matter in order to understand its purpose, types of waqf that can be implemented in HDS, the management procedure and the mechanism in sustaining the waqf for future investment. The purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the current gap and the need to establishing a proper model on waqf in a healthcare setting prior to the implementation.

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Kim, Jaewoo, Meeyoung Cha, and Jong Gun Lee. "Nowcasting commodity prices using social media." PeerJ Computer Science 3 (July 31, 2017): e126. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.126.

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Gathering up-to-date information on food prices is critical in developing regions, as it allows policymakers and development practitioners to rely on accurate data on food security. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing social media as a new data source for predicting food security landscape in developing countries. Through a case study of Indonesia, we developed a nowcast model that monitors mentions of food prices on Twitter and forecasts daily price fluctuations of four major food commodities: beef, chicken, onion, and chilli. A longitudinal test over 15 months of data demonstrates that not only that the proposed model accurately predicts food prices, but it is also resilient to data scarcity. The high accuracy of the nowcast model is attributed to the observed trend that the volume of tweets mentioning food prices tends to increase on days when food prices change sharply. We discuss factors that affect the veracity of price quotations such as social network-wide sensitivity and user influence.

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Kopteva, Lyudmila, Lyudmila Shabalina, and Artur Budagov. "Certain aspects of African countries food security provision." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021003009.

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Analysis of the African countries food security demonstrate significant aggravation of the situation in several countries to the south of the Sahara. Conflicts, social inequality, high level of poverty against the background of a rapid population growth, unfavorable climatic conditions as well as ineffective government policy in the field of providing the population with foodstuff were determined as the main causes of population undernourishment. In Africa, due to low incomes of the population, most of the food ration consists of cereals and a small part of meat, fish and dairy products. It was revealed that African countries are the net importers of foodstuff, with cereals accounting for the largest part of imports. It was noted that international experts forecast foodstuff and fodder demand increase in these countries. It was defined the African region can potentially become one of the promising sales markets for Russian producers of grain crops and agricultural products. The results of the study are aimed at overcoming the problem of starvation, economic backwardness and improving the living standards of the African continent population, as well as developing an economic toolkit for the interaction of the Russian Federation with African countries.

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Daykin, C. D., and D. Lewis. "A Crisis of Longer Life: Reforming Pension Systems." British Actuarial Journal 5, no. 1 (April 1, 1999): 55–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700000404.

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ABSTRACTSocial security pension schemes around the world are facing a number of problems, of which demographic ageing is the most commonly discussed. This paper provides an overview of expected future demographic developments in European Union and some other OECD countries, and evaluates some of the range of solutions which have been, or are being, considered to address this and other problems facing social security in the late 1990s, drawing on examples from OECD countries, from Latin America and from central and eastern Europe. Consideration is given to the possibilities for increasing the level of funding in social security pension schemes or developing funded complementary pension schemes.

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Surhova, Svitlana, Irina Mironova, and Olena Faichuk Olena Faichuk. "История развития социальной защиты детей: международный опыт XVII-ХХI вв." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 13, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.7663.

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The article covers the European experience of child security in the XVII – XXI centuries. The theoretical basis of the research is the work of scientists on the problems of child security and their rights in European countries. The work is based on the concept of social transformations, social support and social care of children. Historical-comparative, historical-genetic and historical-typological methods of research have been applied. Theoretical analysis of the problem has made it possible to draw analogies to the historical experience of the child welfare system, which is important for European countries in the context of developing their own social protection system.

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Mitryasova, O. P., V. D. Pohrebennyk, O. S. Petrov, Ye M. Bezsonov, and V. M. Smyrnov. "Environmental water security policy in the EU, Ukraine and other developing countries." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (2021): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-2/125.

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Purpose. To determine the key principles of environmental security of aquatic ecosystems in the context of sustainable use of natural resources and socio-economic development. Methodology. Comparative analysis and systematic approach. Findings. Principal aspects of water resources management in the states of the world are analyzed in the context of the provisions of the sustainable development concept. Comparison of countries with different levels of development has allowed identifying key methodological provisions that are implemented in the environmental policy ofwater. An approach to determination of the limiting indices of the impact on the environment is proposed. It was revealed that most post-Soviet countries do not use the concept of ecological system and ecosystem services in their legislative framework, which today are an integral part of the environmental policy and legislation of developed countries. The basic principles of the ecological safety of aquatic ecosystems are as follows: a water body (surface or underground ones) is a complex, functionally integrated and self-regulating ecological system. It cannot be considered as a volume with a resource for biological and amenity needs; priority in the water use should be given to the living components that exist in it and ensure its functional integrity. Any aquatic ecosystem should be economically assessed not only in terms of available water resources, but also considering other ecosystem services, particularly, the diversity of its biotic components. All these principles and the approach presented, if introduced into domestic legislation, will allow achieving progress in the field of ecological safety of aquatic ecosystems and sustainable social economic development. Originality. An approach has been improved which determines the efficiency of environmental policy in the field of water resources safety through a correlation analysis of water consumption and population size. Practical value. The research results allow for quantitative assessment of water resource management. The results of the study on the influence of the factor of freshwater resources on the socio-economic development of countries and regions of the world suggest that there is a strong statistically significant correlation in this system of connections.

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Sabani, Alvedi, Vinh Thai, and Mohammad Alamgir Hossain. "Factors Affecting Citizen Adoption of E-Government in Developing Countries." Journal of Global Information Management 31, no. 1 (February 10, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.318131.

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This study aims to examine the critical factors that could influence citizens in their decisions to adopt e-Government services. Based on the review of relevant literature, an extension of the UTAUT research model is developed. Through semi-structured interviews conducted in Indonesia with citizens who have adopted e-Government services, the research model is examined using thematic analysis. Results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, system quality, and perceived transparency are factors that significantly influence the adoption of e-government in Indonesia, whereas social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived security, information quality, and government encouragement are moderately significant factors. Meanwhile, ICT literacy is the least significant factor in the adoption of e-Government in Indonesia. Such findings are presented in the action priority matrix to offer public organisations with relevant suggestions on how the adoption of e-Government can be improved.

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Schneider, Friedrich, and Dominik H. Enste. "Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences." Journal of Economic Literature 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 77–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.38.1.77.

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Using various methods, the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition, and OECD countries is estimated. Average size varies from 12 percent of GDP for OECD countries, to 23 percent for transition countries and 39 percent for developing countries. Increasing taxation and social security contributions combined with rising state regulations are driving forces for the increase of the shadow economy, especially in OECD countries. According to some findings, corruption has a positive impact on the size of the shadow economy, and a growing shadow economy has a negative effect on official GDP growth.

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Zhang, Yushi, Tianhang Jiang, Jun Sun, Zitian Fu, and Yanfeng Yu. "Sustainable Development of Urbanization: From the Perspective of Social Security and Social Attitude for Migration." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 10777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710777.

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At present, many developing countries around the world are experiencing urbanization, and China has the largest scale of urbanization. The current literature mainly focuses on the relationship between economic factors, environmental factors and urbanization, ignoring the human factors. In fact, whether sufficient social security can be provided to solve people’s worries, as well as people’s social attitudes, has an important impact on their migration from rural areas to urban areas. By using the China General Social Survey (CGSS) 2018 data and constructing a binary logistic model, this paper studies the impact of social security on migration from rural areas to urban areas, as well as the mediating effects of people’s social attitudes. The results reveal that: (1) Social security has a significant positive effect on migration from rural areas to urban areas. (2) The improvement of the sense of fairness, happiness and security is conducive to the integration willingness and identity of the rural population and promotes urbanization. Therefore, social attitude plays an important mediating role. According to our study, policymakers need to consider how to build a suitable social security system and make rural residents feel safe and happy, so as to promote the sustainable development of urbanization.

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