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1
Nilowik, Saga, and Michela Solca. "Hör pornografi hemma i socialt arbete? Socionomers uppfattningar om kunskap och relevans i arbetet med barn och ungdomar." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24456.
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Syftet med den här studien är att försöka belysa på vilket sätt kunskaper om pornografi är relevant för socialt arbete. Vi har i en kvalitativ ansats utgått från de tankar och erfarenheter socionomer som arbetar eller har arbetat med barn och ungdomar besitter i ämnet. De sex semistrukturerade intervjuerna genomfördes med socionomer från olika delar av det sociala fältet. Vi har analyserat vår empiri utifrån Simons och Gagnons (2005) teori om sexuella script. Det råder en uppfattning om två existerande sociala sexuella script vilka förmedlar ofta motsägelsefulla budskap om hur människor ska förhålla sig till pornografi. Barn och ungdomar befinner sig mellan det sexualiserande och det moraliserande scriptet vilka förmedlar olika budskap i hur barn och ungdomar ska tolka pornografi i förhållande till sin egen sexuella utveckling. Forskning visar att nästan alla barn och ungdomar kommer i kontakt med pornografi. Utifrån vår teori drar vi slutsaten att barn och ungdomar direkt eller indirekt påverkas av detta. Vår empiri visar på ett upplevt behov av att samtala om pornografi med barn och ungdomar. Tidigare forskning visar att barn och ungdomar även efterfrågar reflekterande samtal kring pornografi med vuxna. Endast på grund av detta är pornografi relevant för socialt arbete med målgruppen. Eftersom forskning också visar på ett samband mellan social utsatthet och sexuell utsatthet blir kunskaper om ämnet desto mer viktigt för socionomprofessionen.The purpose of this study is to illustrate how knowledge about pornography is relevant in social work. The study has a qualitative approach, where we have considered the thoughts and experiences of social workers who work with or have experience from working with children and adolescents. The study include six semi structured interviews with social workers from different parts of the social field. We analyzed our data using Simon's and Gagnon's (2005) theory of sexual script. Our data shows two social sexual scripts that often convey contradictory messages about pornography and sexuality. Children and adolescents need to deal with both the sexualizing and the moralizing script considering how they should interpret pornography in relation to their own sexual development. Research shows that almost all children and adolescents get in touch with pornography. Based on our theory, we conclude that children and adolescents are directly or indirectly affected by this. Our data shows a perceived need to talk about pornography with children and adolescents. Previous research also shows that children and adolescents call for reflective talks about pornography with adults. Only because of this, pornography is relevant for social work with the target group. Since research also shows a connection between social vulnerability and sexual vulnerability, knowledge about the subject becomes even more important for the social work as a profession.
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Landais, Émilie. "Les études de la pornographie en France : naissance, circulation et mutation du fait pornographique dans les sciences de l’homme et de la société." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0327.
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La pornographie fait partie du paysage de notre société. Le processus de massification qui s'est produit, essentiellement des années 1970 à nos jours, l'a progressivement conduit à devenir une industrie culturelle colossale soulevant des questions relatives aux discours dont elle est la matière (professionnels du secteur de production, journalistes, profanes, politiques, etc.). La pornographie est un objet social et culturel, relevant d’enjeux économiques, politiques et esthétiques, et semble de fait avoir gagné en légitimité au sein-même de la recherche scientifique durant cette dernière décennie. Instituée en courant de pensée ici (porn studies anglo-saxonnes), en sous-champ de recherche là (pornographie lesbienne, etc.), ce « nouveau » terrain de recherche pourrait bien constituer un prolongement des études sur le genre et la sexualité. C’est ce processus de mutation d’un objet marginal vers un objet conforme au système académique que nous nous proposons d’élucider dans cette thèse. Ce travail a pour but de réhistoriciser l’émergence des différents travaux français s’attachant à la question de la pornographie. L’élaboration de cette cartographie permettra d’une part, de découvrir le noyau et la constitution des études de la pornographie en France, et d’autre part, de dépeindre l’aspect communicationnel propre à la construction, à la mutation et à la transmission du savoir. Ces processus apparaissent alors tant dans les relations qu’il est possible d’établir entre différents champs scientifiques, que dans la circulation des savoirs propres à la science en train de se faire. Cette recherche pourrait d'ailleurs avoir un apport heuristique quant aux études d’ores et déjà menées depuis les années 1980 en sociologie ou en histoire des sciences, quant à l’émergence de nouvelles disciplines, de nouveaux champs et objets de recherchePornography is part of the landscape of our society. Starting in the 1970s, a process of massification has gradually led pornography to become a huge cultural industry, raising questions about the discourse of which it is the subject (production professionals, journalists, laymen, politicians etc.). Pornography is a social and cultural object with economic, political and aesthetic relevance and consequently seems to have gained legitimacy even within scientific research over the last decade. Established as a trend of thought on one hand (referred to in the English-speaking world as Porn Studies) and a research subfield on the other (lesbian pornography etc.), this "new" research field could certainly follow on from Gender and Sexuality Studies. This doctoral thesis proposes to clarify the process by which a marginal object is transformed into an object that fits into the academic system. The work aims to reconstitute the historical context in which the various French research projects relating to pornography emerged. The development of this historical map will allow us to explore the core of Pornography Studies in France and how they were constituted on one hand, and to describe the specific communicational aspects of knowledge construction, transformation and transmission on the other. These processes appear both in the possible relations between different scientific fields and in the flow of knowledge specific to the science that is in the making. This research could also make a heuristic contribution to studies that have already been carried out since the 1980s in Sociology or History of Science about the emergence of new disciplines and new research fields and topics
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Spencer, Travis J. "Couple Recovery from Problematic Pornography Use: A Phenomenological Study of Change Moments and Common Factors." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7565.
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Pornography use has been reported to have harmful effects on relationships and individuals. However, research on effective treatment for problematic pornography use (PPU) is limited. This manuscript reviews the previous treatment literature for PPU and highlights the gaps that need further study. Then, I discuss how I performed a qualitative study of 11 couples who had successfully been treated for PPU in order to analyze the key mechanisms of change that were employed in their recovery process and address the missing gaps in this field of research. The five major emerging themes from this study are Catalysts for Recovery, Foundation of Support for Recovery, The Work of Recovery, Healing Perspective of Recovery and Meaning Making, and Hindrances and Recovery Cautions (see figure in Appendix E). These themes are outlined with associated subthemes and representative quotes. Key implications for clinicians and future research are discussed.
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Landais, Émilie. "Les études de la pornographie en France : naissance, circulation et mutation du fait pornographique dans les sciences de l’homme et de la société." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0327/document.
Full textAbstract:
La pornographie fait partie du paysage de notre société. Le processus de massification qui s'est produit, essentiellement des années 1970 à nos jours, l'a progressivement conduit à devenir une industrie culturelle colossale soulevant des questions relatives aux discours dont elle est la matière (professionnels du secteur de production, journalistes, profanes, politiques, etc.). La pornographie est un objet social et culturel, relevant d’enjeux économiques, politiques et esthétiques, et semble de fait avoir gagné en légitimité au sein-même de la recherche scientifique durant cette dernière décennie. Instituée en courant de pensée ici (porn studies anglo-saxonnes), en sous-champ de recherche là (pornographie lesbienne, etc.), ce « nouveau » terrain de recherche pourrait bien constituer un prolongement des études sur le genre et la sexualité. C’est ce processus de mutation d’un objet marginal vers un objet conforme au système académique que nous nous proposons d’élucider dans cette thèse. Ce travail a pour but de réhistoriciser l’émergence des différents travaux français s’attachant à la question de la pornographie. L’élaboration de cette cartographie permettra d’une part, de découvrir le noyau et la constitution des études de la pornographie en France, et d’autre part, de dépeindre l’aspect communicationnel propre à la construction, à la mutation et à la transmission du savoir. Ces processus apparaissent alors tant dans les relations qu’il est possible d’établir entre différents champs scientifiques, que dans la circulation des savoirs propres à la science en train de se faire. Cette recherche pourrait d'ailleurs avoir un apport heuristique quant aux études d’ores et déjà menées depuis les années 1980 en sociologie ou en histoire des sciences, quant à l’émergence de nouvelles disciplines, de nouveaux champs et objets de recherchePornography is part of the landscape of our society. Starting in the 1970s, a process of massification has gradually led pornography to become a huge cultural industry, raising questions about the discourse of which it is the subject (production professionals, journalists, laymen, politicians etc.). Pornography is a social and cultural object with economic, political and aesthetic relevance and consequently seems to have gained legitimacy even within scientific research over the last decade. Established as a trend of thought on one hand (referred to in the English-speaking world as Porn Studies) and a research subfield on the other (lesbian pornography etc.), this "new" research field could certainly follow on from Gender and Sexuality Studies. This doctoral thesis proposes to clarify the process by which a marginal object is transformed into an object that fits into the academic system. The work aims to reconstitute the historical context in which the various French research projects relating to pornography emerged. The development of this historical map will allow us to explore the core of Pornography Studies in France and how they were constituted on one hand, and to describe the specific communicational aspects of knowledge construction, transformation and transmission on the other. These processes appear both in the possible relations between different scientific fields and in the flow of knowledge specific to the science that is in the making. This research could also make a heuristic contribution to studies that have already been carried out since the 1980s in Sociology or History of Science about the emergence of new disciplines and new research fields and topics
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Kuan, Hio Tong. "CONSUMPTION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT INTERNET MATERIAL AND WELLBEING: A SELF-DISCREPANCY APPROACH." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/409.
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Potential influences from using sexually explicit Internet material (SEIM) are controversial, however, the underlying psychological mechanism(s), which potentially can explain these found associations with SEIM consumption, have not been well studied. In the present research, I examine the relationship between SEIM consumption and subjective wellbeing (i.e., sexual and general wellbeing). In particular, I address the circumstances under which the consumption of SEIM is negative for wellbeing by assessing an ideal-actual sexual discrepancy in the context of intimate relationships. I drew on perspectives from self-discrepancy theory to explore whether SEIM consumption generates disparities between ideal and actual sexual experiences, which then may influence consumers’ sexual and general wellbeing. I expected this hypothesized ideal-actual sexual discrepancy to function as one of many underlying psychological mechanisms to explain SEIM’s negative impacts on various types of subjective sexual wellbeing (SSW). I also expected that via SSW, the discrepancy would also explain the ambiguous relationships between SEIM consumption and subjective general wellbeing (SGW) found in the past. That is, I predicted a serial mediation model with sexual self-discrepancy mediating the relationship between SEIM consumption and SSW, and SSW mediating the relationship between sexual self-discrepancy and SGW. Two studies together demonstrated the general progress from consuming SEIM to the evaluation of self-perceived wellbeing under the condition of evaluating sexual experiences with intimate partner(s). In Study 1, the data-driven gender specific sexual preference highlighted the need of model testing separately for men and women because of the potential difference in experiencing the negative impacts from consuming SEIM through the different progress of formation of ideal sex scripts influence by pornographic sex, and generation of an I-A sexual discrepancy in men and women. Results of Study 2 from male SEIM consumers further supported the hypothesized mediation role of I-A sexual discrepancy and SSW (i.e., sexual esteem and sexual satisfaction) in understanding the relationships between SEIM consumption and wellbeing. Overall, the present research illustrated the consumption of SEIM can shape one’s sexual preferences of pornographic sex and generate unrealistic expectations of pornographic sexual experiences with intimate partner(s). Hence, the experience of I-A sexual discrepancy from unachievable ideal sex is a key factor in identifying SEIM’s negative impacts on wellbeing. Moreover, parsimonious serial mediation paths through I-A sexual discrepancy and SSW also demonstrated the relationship between SEIM consumption, SSW, and SGW in one model. This finding indicates SSW works as an important indicator of ones’ SGW. The present research provides a theoretical explanation to understand the impact of consuming SEIM on wellbeing and implicates the importance exploring different types of sexual discrepancy associated with SEIM consumption and ways to mitigate the experienced I-A sexual discrepancy in intimate relationships.
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Kubichan, Jill. "Do it Yourself: A Content Analysis of Free Pornographic Tube Sites." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3035.
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In 2008 it was reported that there are approximately 28,258 internet users viewing pornography every second, and that men look at pornography online more than any other subject matter (Eberstadt 2009). Pornography has become a primary tool of sex education for young men (Bowater 2011) with the average age of first exposure being age 11 (Stefan 2012). However, research on viewer understanding and interpretation of the images is scarce. What are boys learning about sexuality as they watch pornography? Do they use pornography as a ‘how-to’ manual expressing a desire to mimic the onscreen act or do they use pornography as a general stimulant expressing a generalized pleasure, interpreting the act in alternative ways? The pro-pornography stance stresses the agency of the viewer, meaning the viewer has the ability to access a broad array of content creating a poly-semiotic or figurative experience. The anti-pornography stance stresses the agency of the industry, meaning the industry pushes a dominant design creating a mono-semiotic or literal experience. The purpose of this study is to look at how viewers of online pornography interpret what they see. By analyzing viewer comments sampled from free pornographic tube sites, this study seeks to understand the extent of viewer agency; do men interpret pornographic images literally or figuratively?
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Atwood, Ryan. "The Relationship Between Adolescents' Use of Internet-enabled Mobile Devices and Engaging in Problematic Digital Behaviors." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4874.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teenagers’ use of mobile Internet devices and their involvement in risky digital behaviors, including problematic Internet use, exposure to pornography, and participation in sexting. A crosssectional correlational design using a sample (N = 97) of teens aged 13-18 was used.
Linear regression analyses revealed that teens using smartphones as their primary source of Internet access were most likely to receive sexting requests, while teens using computers to access the Internet were most likely to intentionally view pornography. Additionally, teens who used multiple mobile devices to connect to the Internet and teens who had owned at least one mobile Internet device for longer periods of time were most likely to have higher levels of problematic Internet use.
Contextual factors such as age, gender, family structure, religious commitment, attachment to parents, and parental monitoring of online activities were also examined to determine their relationship to the aforementioned outcomes. Consistent with adolescent developmental trajectories, older teens reported higher rates of pornography exposure and sexting requests, and indicated a greater willingness to participate in sexting. However, younger teens who used smartphones as their primary source of Internet access were just as likely as older teens to have received requests to sext. Males had higher rates of pornography exposure and were more willing than females to send sexual messages to their significant other. Females, on other hand, were asked to sext more frequently. Teens with high levels of religious commitment had the lowest levels of pornography exposure and participation in sexting.
Among the parental variables examined, teens’ attachment to their parents was most significantly related to the studies’ outcomes. Strongly attached teens had lower levels of problematic Internet use, pornography exposure, and participation in sexting than their peers who were not as strongly attached to their parents.
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Suadicani, Isabella. "THE PORTRAYAL OF SEX OFFENDERS IN GERMAN NEWSPAPERS : A qualitative content analysis." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för kriminologi (KR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45809.
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The current thesis examines how sex offenders are portrayed in newspapers in Germany with the use of a qualitative content analysis. Utilized were 49 articles both from a German tabloid called “Bild-Zeitung” and a broadsheet called “die Zeit”. Three main themes were identified and analyzed. Initially, the focus was on the portrayal of the sex offenders, followed by the portrayal of the victims and lastly which agencies and how they were mentioned. For each main theme several subthemes were formulated in order to examine the main themes in more depth. Findings suggest that most articles emphasized the previous criminal history of the offenders and stressed negative personality traits, leaving a stereotypical image. Findings of the second theme indicate that victims are rarely blamed for the offenses, while empathy establishment was emphasized through the use of the detailed description of the brutality of the offenses, especially for cases with underaged victims. The analysis of the last theme showed that police and investigators were portrayed mostly as doing a good job and working effectively in investigations, whereas experts like social workers, psychologists or lawyers were interviewed in less articles. The opinion of politicians and the public opinion mostly emphasized the demands for harsher punishment and longer incarceration. Therefore, the majority of articles examined showed a stereotypical image of the offenders, portraying them as recurrently reoffending,opportunistic and brutal.
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Gidhammar, Maria, and Johanna Heinemo. "“Vårt uppdrag är oändligt men våra resurser är ändliga” : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om yrkesverksammas upplevelser av svårigheter med att motverka prostitution." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41217.
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Prostitution är ett komplext, världsomfattande samhällsproblem som kan leda till flertalet negativa konsekvenser för den utsatta. I Sverige har köp av sexuella tjänster varit kriminaliserat sedan år 1999 och den svenska regeringen lägger stor vikt vid bekämpandet av prostitution. Trots detta är prostitution ett utbrett problem i Sverige. Flertalet kartläggningar indikerar att fenomenet ökar, framförallt via internet, samt att det tycks gå ner i åldrarna. Tidigare forskning inom området visar att svårigheter med att motverka problemet bland annat beror teknologins framväxt, attityder och normer i samhället och brist på resurser inom rättsväsendet. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka svårigheter med att förebygga prostitution ur yrkesverksammas perspektiv, samt vad som kan göras för att förbättra det förebyggande arbetet. Genom kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer och en tillämpning av rutinaktivitetsteorin besvaras studiens frågeställningar. Resultatet visar att bristen på personal och kompetens, den ökade tillgängligheten via internet samt porrens påverkan på attityder och normer försvårar motverkandet av prostitution. Därtill visas att ytterligare åtgärder krävs, bland annat tidiga insatser gällande utbildning samt en omarbetning av sexköpslagen.Prostitution is a complex, worldwide societal problem that can lead to several negative consequences for the victim. In Sweden, the purchase of sexual services has been criminalized since 1999, and the Swedish government allocates great importance to combat prostitution. Despite this, prostitution is a widespread problem in Sweden. Various studies indicate that the phenomenon is increasing, primarily via the internet, and that prostitution seems to be declining with age. Previous research in the field shows that difficulties in counteracting the problem are partly due to the development of technology, attitudes and norms in society and a lack of resources in the judicial system. The purpose of the present study is to investigate difficulties in preventing prostitution from the perspective of professionals, as well as what can be done to improve the preventive work. Through a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews and an application of the routine activity theory, the research questions are answered. The results show that the lack of personal with relevant skills, the increased accessibility via the internet and the impact of porn on attitudes and norms make it more difficult to counteract prostitution. In addition, it is shown that further measures are required, including early efforts regarding education and a adjustment of the Sex Purchase Act.
2021-01-13
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Säll, Anna, and Kim Tjernqvist. "Under det grå täcket : En intervjustudie om unga tjejer och hårt sex." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Centrum för sexologi och sexualitetsstudier (CSS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43157.
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Syftet med denna studie är att belysa synen på begreppet “hårt sex” bland unga tjejer som har sex med killar. Fokus ligger på unga tjejers förhållningssätt till “hårt sex” som diskursivt fenomen samt till samtycke och pornografi. Datainsamlingen har skett genom tre kvalitativa semistrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer med totalt tio tjejer i åldern 15-19 år. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån socialkonstruktivistiska teorier och begrepp rörande makt, sexuella värdehierarkier, respektabilitet och femininitet. Resultatet visar att unga tjejer idag ser på “hårt sex” som en normaliserad typ av sexuell praktik, men att denna även omgärdas av komplexa ideal kring bland annat femininitet. Resultatet visar också hur brist på kommunikation i sexuella möten leder till skapande av strategier kopplade till samtycke och rollförväntningar mellan tjejer och killar. Vidare visar resultatet att internet spelar en unik roll för formandet av sexuella ideal bland unga tjejer, där influencers, porr och memes är exempel på inflytelserika källor.The aim of this study is to illustrate the perception of the concept “hard sex” among young women who have sex with men. Emphasis lies on young womens’ approach to “hard sex” as a discursive phenomenon but also to consent and pornography. Data was collected in three qualitative semi-structured focus group interviews with ten girls in total, aged 15-19. The empirical findings were then analyzed within social constructivist theories and concepts regarding power, hierarchies of sexual value, respectability and femininity. The results shows that young girls perceive “hard sex” as a normalized type of sexual practise, but also that this is surrounded by complex ideals about e.g. femininity. The results also show that lack of communication in sexual encounters leads to a creation of strategies linked to consent and role expectations between young women and men. Furthermore, the result show that internet plays an unique role in the creation process of sexual ideals among young women, where influencers, pornography and memes are examples of influential sources.
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Wasell, Clara. "Femtio nyanser av kvinnlig frigörelse : En studie om hur pornografi och sexualisering påverkar kvinnlig autonomi." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444168.
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The sexual revolution was a movement in the United States that challenged traditional ways of thinking about sexuality. The heart of the revolution was the "radical" idea that women, just like men, had sexual needs and were able to enjoy sex. In the name of the revolution, feminists demanded women’s right to the same sexual freedom as men had been given. The revolution led to the normalization and increased acceptance of sex outside of marriage, as well as birth control. However, despite these achievements, some feminists believed that the achievements occurred at the expense of women. Although the sexual revolution was intended to lead to female liberation, some people argue that the revolution instead resulted in other forms of female oppression. To investigate this further, this study analyzed three different works of feminists with different views on the revolution and its consequences. This study will discuss the following topics: pornography and sexualization. These have been analyzed in relation to various theories of autonomy. Finally, this study will discuss how the subjects affects women's rights contained in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). The questions in this study are answered throughout by using the method of critique of ideas. The method is based on the ideology that the authors themselves claim to defend as their own, in this essay it is the values of feminism. The critique is thus internal in the sense that no other values, other than those already stated in the material, are used in the assessment. Products that are marketed using the female body are often packaged with feminist messages, which is a well-known paradox in feminism. Women today have achieved some success by being able to represent themselves as sexual subjects, but that does not mean that the sexualization that permeates the culture should be mixed with "girl power" or other feminist slogans. It is time to stop accepting objectification as a symbol of liberation and instead acknowledge it for what it really is, a contradiction. A culture where women are constantly and in various ways being sexualized should be considered a threat to her ability to choose her preferences in an autonomous way. In the same way, a society that is strongly influenced by pornography's notions of male dominance should be considered a threat towards women’s autonomy. States that have ratified CEDAW are required by Article 2 to pursue policies to eliminate discrimination against women and to take measures to promote gender equality. Thus, the affiliated states should take appropriate action in all sectors of society where women are discriminated.
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Andersson, Sofia, Lovisa Burlin, and Tove Myrman. "EN KÄLLA TILL SEXUELL FRIGÖRELSE ELLER TILL BROTTSBEJAKANDE ATTITYDER? : En undersökning om pornografikonsumtion och dess samband med attityder till sexuellt våld." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84404.
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Pornografi konsumeras dagligen av många, samtidigt ses det som en riskfaktor för milda attityder till sexuellt våld. Pornografins skadliga konsekvenser är omdiskuterat och det föreligger brister gällande kunskapen om dess samband med sexuella attityder. Den aktuella studien syftade till att undersöka attityder gällande sexuellt våld mot kvinnor relaterat till pornografikonsumtion och kön. En tvärsnittsdesign användes och datainsamling genomfördes via en webbenkät där totalt 449 respondenter deltog (130 män; 319 kvinnor). Resultatet påvisade ett signifikant positivt samband mellan attityder till sexuellt våld och pornografikonsumtion bland män men inte bland kvinnor. En signifikant skillnad i attityder påvisades mellan de med hög respektive låg pornografikonsumtion bland kvinnor men inte bland män. Män hade mildare attityder till sexuellt våld och högre pornografikonsumtion än kvinnor. Slutligen hade de som ofta konsumerade pornografi med våldsinslag mildare attityder än de som sällan gjorde det. För att motverka pornografins skadliga konsekvenser är ett förslag att reglera produktion och konsumtion av pornografi, samt satsa på normkritisk sexualundervisning i skolan.Pornography is daily consumed by many, at the same time it is regarded as a risk factor for more positive attitudes towards sexual violence. The harmful consequences of pornography is controversial and there is a lack of knowledge regarding its relationship with sexual attitudes. The purpose of the present study was to examine attitudes toward sexual violence against women related to pornography consumption and gender. A cross-sectional study design was used and the data were collected through an online survey with a total of 449 respondents (130 men; 319 women). The results showed a significant positive relationship between attitudes toward sexual violence and pornography in men but not in women. A difference between those who had a high respectively low pornography consumption were found in women but not men. Men had more positive attitudes toward sexual violence and also reported a higher consumption compared to women. Finally, individuals who often consumed violent pornography had milder attitudes than those who rarely did so. To counteract the harmful consequences of pornography, a suggestion is to regulate the production and consumption of pornography as well as investing in norm-critical sexual education in school.
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Berrier, Tonya. "Sixth-, Seventh-, and Eighth-Grade Students' Experiences with the Internet and Their Internet Safety Knowledge." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2061.
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According to a 2002 National Center for Education Statistics report, 98% of schools in 2001 were connected to the Internet and 63% of public classrooms had Internet connections. According to a 2003 United States Census Bureau report, 68.3% of homes with children subscribed to the Internet. These statistics reveal the scope of access children have to the Internet. This study focused on the children's voice by investigating the children's report of their online activities and their awareness of cyber security, ethics, and safety issues. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the specific reported online activities and Internet safety knowledge of children aged 10-14 years along with their report of parental supervision of their Internet use. The study included data gathered from 446 self-administered surveys completed by 6th-, 7th-, and 8th-grade students in a rural school district in East Tennessee.
An analysis of the research confirmed that as children mature, they increase their use of the Internet and their participation in unsafe online practices. The findings indicated that the most common online practices reported by the middle-grade students included emailing, social networking (MySpace), instant messaging, publishing and sharing information about their favorite sports and activities, and using secret codes while messaging with friends. The results of this study indicated significant relationships between the household placement of the computer and the frequency of unsafe online practices; students with computers in private locations reported unsafe online practices with twice the frequency of those with computers that could be monitored. The findings reflected that, in general, students were knowledgeable about unsafe Internet practices and engaged primarily in safe practices; however, many did report practices that could potentially place them at risk. The results from this study demonstrate a need for Internet safety programs to educate parents about the dangers their children face online and how to minimize those risks and to help children to gain the knowledge, decision-making skills, and motivation necessary to make safe and responsible choices when they are using the Internet.
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Yalcin, Zeynep Sila. "Effects Of Ambivalent Sexism, Locus Of Control, Empathy, And Belief In A Just World On Attitudes Toward Rape Victims." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607122/index.pdf.
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The aim of this present study was to investigate the effects of ambivalent sexism, locus of control, empathy and belief in a just world on attitudes toward rape victims. In order to do so, 425 graduate and undergraduate students at Middle East Technical University participated in the current study. The results of the study indicated that hostile sexism (β
= .47), empathy (&
#946
= -.28), education (&
#946
= -.22), internal locus of control (&
#946
= .10), belief in a just world (&
#946
= .10), benevolent sexism (&
#946
= .10) and income (&
#946
= -.09) had a significant contribution on the participants&rsquo
unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims after eliminating the effects of age and education. Additional analysis further revealed that male participants demonstrated significantly more endorsement on unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims than female participants. The main effect of pornography viewing on attitudes toward rape victims was not found significant. However, the results further indicated that there was a significant interaction effect among gender, pornography viewing and empathy. That is, in the high victim empathy condition male participants who had been exposed to pornography scored significantly higher on unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims than those who had never been exposed to it. On the other hand, in the high empathy condition, female participants who viewed pornography showed less endorsement on unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims than those who never viewed pornography. Finally, the results of the study indicated that the interaction effects of pornography viewing and hostile sexism were significant. Indeed, in the high hostile sexism condition, both male and female participants who were exposed to pornography showed significantly greater endorsement on unfavorable attitudes toward rape victims when compared to those who did not watch pornography. The major contributions of this thesis are (1) investigating some of the effects of important demographic variables such as age, education and income, (2) comparing the unique contributions of locus of control, empathy, belief in a just world, hostile and benevolent sexism with a hierarchical regression analysis, and (3) showing the interaction effects of some variables like gender, pornography viewing, levels of empathy and hostile sexism on participants&rsquo
attitudes toward rape victims.
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Greene, Catherine. "Laws in the social sciences." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3697/.
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The social sciences are often thought to be inferior to the natural sciences because they do not have laws. Bohman writes that “the social sciences have never achieved much in the way of predictive general laws—the hallmark of naturalistic knowledge—and so have often been denied the honorific status of ‘sciences’” (1994, pg. vii). Philosophers have suggested a number of reasons for the dearth of laws in the social sciences, including the frequent use of ceteris paribus conditions in the social sciences, reflexivity, and the use of ‘odd’ concepts. This thesis argues that the scarcity of laws in the social sciences is primarily due to the concepts that social scientists often work with. These concepts are described as Nomadic and are characterised by disagreement about what can reasonably be included within the scope of a concept. The second half of the thesis explores the implications of this analysis. It argues firstly, that counterfactual analysis is problematic when using Nomadic concepts. Secondly, it argues that taking an intentional perspective on behaviour often involves the use of Nomadic concepts so, if social scientists do hope to formulate laws, then they are more likely to succeed if they focus on behaviour that is not intentional.
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Davis, Melinda Fritchoff. "Method variance in the social sciences." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289721.
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A preliminary taxonomy has been developed that differentiates between trait characteristics, the situation, manifest and subtle methods and interaction effects. The proposed taxonomy divides method into manifest and subtle categories. The obvious, surface characteristics of method are considered manifest, while the deeper structures of method that are not usually seen are considered subtle. Seven manifest method categories are described: stimulus format, response format, response categories, raters, whether the measure is direct or summative, rating the stimulus or the response, and opaque or transparent measures. Numerous subtle method categories can also be seen within the method rather than on its surface. These include semantic or verbal characteristics, direction of wording, measures of amount, ability, latency of response, possessions, situational context, associations, and behavior. Other method categories include report of others reactions, body symptoms, and time frame. Seven item level methods were tested in this study in the context of measurement of Introversion-Extraversion (IE). They included direct questions, direction of wording, situational context, time frame, report of others reactions, preference (semantic or verbal structure), and behavior. Three of these methods (preference, behavior, and direction of wording) introduced substantial method variance in the measurement of IE, and there were also several sizable trait*method interactions: direction of wording, time frame, and preference. Generalizability theory analysis (GT) proved to be quite useful in estimating method effects and interactions. By comparing the findings from GT analysis to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results, it became clear that there were problems with the CFA results that could not be ignored. Although generalizability analysis is limited in its ability to provide estimates of the trait and method contributions for individual measures, unfortunately, it informs us that the estimates provided by CFA are probably erroneous.
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Kinville, Michael Robert. "Inequality, education and the social sciences." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17687.
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Die konzeptionelle Verbindung zwischen Bildung und Gesellschaft, die im 19. Jahrhundert deutlich gemacht und wissenschaftlich begründet wurde, wird oft als selbstverständlich betrachtet. Diese veraltete Verbindung bildete aber die Basis für Bildungsreformen im Sekundärbereich in Deutschland und Indien in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Diese Arbeit unternimmt den Versuch, zum Verständnis dieser Verzögerung zwischen den Ideen und den Reformen, die sie einrahmten, beizutragen, indem sie eine geeignete Theorie der Verbindung zwischen Bildung und einer komplexen Gesellschaft aufstellt. Grundsätzliche Annäherungen an Gesellschaft und Bildung treten in Dialog mit post-kolonialen und kritischen Theorien. Universalistische Annahmen werden problematisiert, und eine offene Lösung für die Vorstellung zukünftiger Reformen wird präsentiert. Nationale Bildungsreformen in Indien und Deutschland nach ihren „Critical Junctures“ von 1947/1945 werden eingehend und chronologisch verglichen, um einen spezifischen Charakter historisch- und bildungs-bedingter Reproduktion beider Länder herauszuarbeiten sowie einen gemeinsamen Lernprozess zu ermöglichen. Abschließend wird eine Lösung des Problems in der Form offener Bildung präsentiert. Bildung als öffentliches Gut muss nicht zwangsläufig nur auf soziale Probleme reagieren, stattdessen kann sie verändert werden, um sozialen Wandel voran zu treiben.The conceptual link between education and society, forged in the 19th Century, is often taken for granted. This seemingly outdated connection, however, has guided reforms in secondary education in India and Germany throughout the second half of the 20th Century. This study attempts to understand this lag between underlying ideas and the reforms they framed by synthesizing a viable theory for imagining the connection between education and a complex society. Foundational approaches to society and education are brought into dialogue with post-colonial and critical theories. Universalistic assumptions are problematized, and an open-ended solution for theorizing new connections is presented. National educational reforms in India and Germany subsequent to their critical junctures of 1947/1945 are exhaustively and chronologically compared in order to conceptualize a generic character of historical-educational reproduction for each country and to facilitate a process of mutual learning. Finally, a solution to the problems associated with educational reproduction is presented. Education as a public good does not need to simply be reactive to social problems. Instead, it can be reconfigured so as to drive social change.
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Wong, Ping-man. "The evolution of a secondary school subject in Hong Kong : the case of social studies /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13267942.
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Todres, Mathew. "Exploring the 'social' in social entrepreneurship : applying the concept of network sociality to social entrepreneurs." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56195/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to mobilise the concept of network sociality (Wittel 2001) as a framework for exploring how social entrepreneurs enact social entrepreneurship. Specifically, this thesis questions the tendency to interpret social entrepreneurs and their ability to achieve their altruistic aim of solving social problems only in terms of the successful application of business practices such as financial control, marketing, and strategising. Instead it is argued that critically deploying the concept of network sociality does two things. Firstly, it highlights the importance of also depicting and understanding the nature of the social processes (i.e., interactions with other stakeholders) which play a crucial role in the success of social entrepreneurial activity. Network sociality therefore helps to conceptualise the under researched activities which precede social change. Secondly, this thesis facilitates a move away from the dominant stance in the literature where the social entrepreneur is conceptualised in terms of either an individualist 'solitary hero' operating alone without the assistance of others (Nicholls 2010), or alternatively as a communally embedded actor operating in the context of strong ties of solidarity (Hjorth and Bjerke 2006; Hjorth 2013; Steyaert and Hjorth 2007). The aim of this thesis is to shed light on the social processes inherent in doing business in a social entrepreneurship context, by drawing on data derived from 33 semi-structured interviews with social entrepreneurs located in the south east of England. An abductive analysis (Van Maanen, Sørensen and Mitchell 2007; Tavory and Timmermans 2014) whereby the interview data is read through the five dimensions of the concept of network sociality - individualisation, ephemeral relations, information exchange, assimilation of play and work, and use of technology - facilitates a critique of the literature privileging outcomes at the expense of conceptualising the social actions that precede and facilitate these outcomes (826 Seymour, Richard 2012), as well as the prevailing dichotomy in the social entrepreneurship literature where the 'social' element is conceptualised largely in collectivist (Hjorth 2013; Steyaert and Hjorth 2007), philanthropic (Tan, Williams and Tan 2003; Tan, Williams and Tan 2005) terms while the 'entrepreneurship' element is conceptualised in largely individualist business terms (Dees, Emerson and Economy 2002). The analysis sheds light on social entrepreneurship beyond the distinction of collective versus individual (Nicholls 2010). Through the use of the concept of network sociality, the thesis rather makes visible how the social entrepreneur engages in several social activities while operating in an individualistic manner to achieve social/business aims within the context of impermanent relationships (113 Wittel, Andreas 2001). The thesis concludes that it is in researching and conceptualising what social entrepreneurs do, that we can better understand who social entrepreneurs are, in their missions to secure positive solutions to social problems.
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Wallace, Christopher Conor. "Evolutionary game theory in the social sciences." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322749.
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Han, Chunhui. "Social gate: a new social accountable framework for computer networks." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66970.
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Internet is a tremendous success and is an indispensable part of our everyday activities. However, Internet does not provide sufficient integrity to ensure the end hosts accountable for the communication. In this thesis, we present a new social accountable framework for the Internet that leverages the trusted links found on online social networks to hold the people and organizations accountable for their actions. Our framework is incrementally deployable without modifying the operating systems or applications running on the hosts. We provide the full design and discuss how different types of applications can be mapped onto the proposed framework. A prototype of this social accountable framework is partially implemented to evaluate the performance of the framework.L'Internet est un succès extraordinaire et est une pièce indispensable de notre vie quotidienne. Cependent, l'Internet ne fourni pas assez d'integrité pour assurer que les hébergeurs finaux soient responsables pour les communications. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons un nouveau cadre social responsable pour l'Internet qui exploite les liens de confiance trouvés sur les réseaux sociaux pour tenir les utilisateurs et les organisations responsables pour leurs actions. Notre cadre se déploit de facon itérative sans la modification du système d'exploitation ou les applications qui y exécutent. Nous présentons le plan complet et élaborons comment différent types d'applications peuvent s'adapter au cadre proposé. Un prototype de ce cadre social responsable est partiellement mis en application pour évaluer sa performance.
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Shaw, Alan. "Enhancing the social ecological framework : a social marketing solution." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/31188/.
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Purpose – Social marketing has been criticised for mainly focusing on the individual and not the wider environmental impacts. Collins, Tapp and Pressley (2010) began the process of tackling this issue by introducing the Social Ecological Framework (SEF). The SEF is based on Bronfenbrenner’s (1977) Ecological Theory, but it utilises his first iteration. This thesis has enhanced the framework by incorporating Bronfenbrenner’s (2005) Person-Process-Context-Time Model. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilises a mixed methods approach with a single case study: examining why individuals living with diabetes chose to attend (or not) a structured education course in England. It examines the attitudes of the patients, healthcare professionals and administrators of the NHS. Findings – The research identified that there was a large disparity in the types of services provided by the various PCTs. Many patients were unaware of the courses and that they should have been offered a place: the key driver, which dictated the types of services provided by the NHS was money. The patient’s decision to attend or not was influenced by a variety of factors that were correlated to wider environmental issues, or more specifically Bronfenbrenner’s PPCT model. Research implications/limitations – Utilising Bronfenbrenner’s PPCT model within the SEF has positive implications to the process. Researchers and practitioners will now have a new way of addressing social marketing issues. The study’s scope was limited to a ‘health’ social marketing review, further research will be required to confirm it relevance across the wider social marketing domain. Practical implications – Diabetes is a growing chronic condition that accounts for approximately 11% many nation health service providers’ budgets. Diabetes structured education is proven to empower patients and reduce costs but many of these patients are failing to engage with the process. The enhanced SEF that this research is providing may solve the issue. Originality/value – The study provides an example of social marketers having to deal with multiple complex behaviour changes. It also addresses a concern that is continually raised by the social marketing fraternity: researchers tend to focus on the individual. Keywords – Social marketing, Social Ecological Framework, Ecological Theory, Bio-Ecological Theory, Bronfenbrenner, PPCT Model (Person, Process, Context and Time), diabetes and diabetes structured education.
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Bellés, Calvera Lucía. "Mulilingual education: A contrastive analysis in Humanities, Social Sciences and Health Sciences." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/14110.2021.481594.
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This study seeks to present a comparative analysis of metadiscoursal features produced in CLIL lectures and seminars offered in the fields of Soft Sciences and Hard Sciences. As for the methodology, the data were retrieved from several research instruments: audio-recorded interviews, transcripts of CLIL seminars and lectures, observation rubrics, students’ questionnaires and placement tests. The findings in the area of Soft Sciences indicate that the linguistic devices found in teacher discourse seem to be more predominant in the fourth-year module delivered in the History degree. It has also been illustrated that metadiscoursal features are more numerous in Hard Sciences, where communicative exchanges occur at a higher rate. This investigation sheds some light on the relevance of interpersonal markers in multilingual practices delivered in higher education. Evidence may be used in future teacher training programmes in order to support meaningful CLIL experiences.Este estudio pretende presentar un análisis comparativo de los rasgos metadiscursivos producidos en las clases y seminarios AICLE ofrecidos en las áreas de Ciencias Blandas y Ciencias Duras. En cuanto a la metodología, los datos se obtuvieron a partir de varios instrumentos de investigación: entrevistas grabadas en audio, transcripciones de seminarios y conferencias AICLE, rúbricas de observación, cuestionarios y pruebas de nivel.Los hallazgos en el área de Ciencias Blandas indican que los recursos lingüísticos encontrados en el discurso del profesor parecen ser más predominantes en el módulo de cuarto curso impartido en la licenciatura de Historia. También se ha puesto de manifiesto que los rasgos metadiscursivos son más numerosos en Ciencias duras, donde los intercambios comunicativos se producen en mayor proporción. Esta investigación arroja algo de luz sobre la relevancia de los marcadores interpersonales en las prácticas de interacción multilingüe que se dan en la educación superior. Las pruebas pueden utilizarse en los futuros programas de formación del profesorado con el fin de apoyar experiencias significativas de AICLE.
Programa de Doctorat en Llengües Aplicades, Literatura i Traducció
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Lee, Suk-ching Penelope. "Teachers' usage of textbooks in primary six classes : an investigation on how primary six social studies and mathematics teachers use textbooks in their teaching /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18034093.
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Vass, Jeffrey Matthew. "Rethinking the social : from society to zones of social making." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/191875/.
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‘Apocalyptic’ theories of the social, from different theoretical schools of thought, declare that diverse social, cultural, economic or technological changes have impacted negatively on contemporary social life to the extent that the social is reduced, minimised or is even ended. In particular, macro-historical changes have had consequences for the regions in which actors communicate, interact and socially construct. These pronouncements are concurrent with some lack of confidence in social theory itself. While accepting that the characteristics of modernity have substantially altered since the nineteenth century, this thesis argues that inadequate attention has been given to the way in which its consequences for ‘sociation’ have been conceptualised. Three schools of apocalyptic thought are identified and discussed: ‘dislocation’ theorists (Habermas, Giddens and Bauman); social constructionists (Berger, Berger and Kellner) and cultural absorptionists (Baudrillard, Lash and Urry). In each case the consequences of change have been registered to effects and experiences in the ‘ground of social activity’: i.e. reciprocity, mutuality and situated exchange show more ironic distance, insincerity, moral expropriation, ambivalence, alienation, simulation and dissimulation. This thesis argues that our understanding of this ground of social activity, based on a simplistic model of reflexivity and skill, is not at a detailed enough level of analytic resolution to warrant these claims. However, in identifying flaws in the development of apocalyptic claims, a more sustainable account is produced, ‘the zone of social making’. Based on a return to the work of Weber and Schutz, the new account suggests that the symptoms of late modern life are better viewed as chronic features of sociation, constitutive of constructive activity itself. An alternative, more detailed model of activity is proposed
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Hendricksen, Charles S. "The research web : asynchronous collaboration in social scientific research /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5639.
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Frank, Camilla. "Social bakgrund och studier på högskola : En fallstudie om social bakgrund och högskolestuderande." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Behavioural Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3271.
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Sammanfattning
Denna uppsats handlar om den sociala bakgrundens betydelse för högskolestudier. Uppsatsen bygger på olika teorier som finns inom klassteorin bland annat av Marx, Weber, Bourdieu. Samt har även annan litteratur och teorier används inför fallstudien. Den socioekonomiska indelningen är viktig att studera för att komma ifrån klassindelningen. Jag har både använt mig av svenska socioekonomisk indelning från SCB och Goldthorpes klasschema.
Syftet med uppsatsen är att förstå hur studenter värderar högskolestudier i förhållande till samhällsklass, detta med tyngdpunkten på den sociala bakgrundens betydelse. Jag har utifrån min teori gått ut med en enkät och en intervju till studenter som läser första året på högskolan.
I analysen framgick det att den sociala bakgrunden har betydelse. Studenterna kände att de fick stöd hemifrån, även om deras föräldrar inte hade läst på högskola. Att läsa på högskola var för de flesta studenterna i min undersökning något som de gjorde för sin egen skull och för sin personliga utveckling.
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Lindqvist, Sofia, and Hanna Schött. "Jakten på en social stjärna : En kvalitativ studie om social kompetens i rekryteringsprocessen." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-54753.
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Santos, Nomara. "Asperger's disorder and social phobia : a comparison of social functioning." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1324.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Chen, Chen. "Romantic Transfer: From Science to Social Ideologies." Thesis, Harvard University, 2017. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33052848.
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The transfer of learning is arguably the most enduring goal of education. The history of science reveals that numerous theories transfer from natural-science to the socio-political realm, but educational practitioners often deem such transfers romantic and rhetorical, ignoring the opportunities and challenges such transfers may hold. In terms of opportunities, romantic transfer encourages students to relate science to events in social life and further to discover new ways to understand social issues and propose social hypotheses. In terms of challenge, romantic transfers are often based on superficial and even imprecise understandings of science and depend on oversimplified labels and metaphors. In many cases, the romantic transfers are imaginative. Although logically romantic transfers are based on analogical resonance, empirically they are hardly proven to be valid. Nevertheless, when students imagine social and ideological implications of the hard science terminologies and theorems, they are at risk for considering the emergent ideologies as proven by hard sciences that are often considered authoritative, objective, and universal. Literal understanding of science-inspired by still unexamined ideologies can lead to maladaptive and even dangerous social actions. Because many of the romantic transfers are interdisciplinary and controversial, teachers may avoid explicit discussion about romantic transfer with students, and do not wish to assume responsibility of doing so. However, the question remains whether avoiding explicit discussion and debates about romantic transfer would inhibit students from spontaneously romanticize science concepts. This dissertation presents four studies that systematically investigate questions of romantic transfer—informal, emergent, and metaphorical boundary transections from natural science to social ideologies that often occur unexpectedly.
My first study shows that participants who scored high in transferential thinking style also scored high in scientism beliefs and that participants who scored high on both tend to give literal interpretations to (religious) text. Following, my second study shows that students who reviewed the conservation of energy in physics are more likely to believe that luck is conserved, a naïve karmic religious idea. My third study shows that students are able to transfer spontaneously from theories in physics to more politically charged contexts. Specifically, students who learned the theory of entropy are more likely to prefer tightened social control, whereas students who learned self-organization theory are more likely to prefer stronger individual agency and relaxed social control. Study-4 involved interviews with the participants from Study-3 and shows that students’ narratives about social control are largely consistent with the thermodynamic concepts they have learned. Occasionally, students can critically evaluate the plausibility of their romantic transferences.
This dissertation shows that science instruction implicitly empowers students to make social hypotheses and to engage in moral-civic-political discourse. To consider pedagogies that respond to such an opportunity without falling victim to hasty generalizations, we need both science and civic educations to equip students with the methods to examine self-generated social hypothesis. We also need pedagogies that promote the awareness and tolerance of metaphors to offset the dangers of literalism.
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GRABEN, DON MICHAEL. "The Social TV Viewer." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-138000.
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This thesis is a qualitative study conducted for Ericsson ConsumerLab which explores the phenomenon of Social TV consumption from the perspective of its adopters. Through a series of in-depth interviews it explores the phenomenon, investigating both how and why TV consumers are using social media to talk about TV content while watching it. The findings of this thesis include numerous insights about the viewing behavior associated with synchronous Social TV, covering several different aspects: Driving forces, the context in which Social TV viewing takes place, the features of the content being consumed, with whom and how Social TV viewers are interacting with each other, identified barriers and needs, as well as perceived effects on the TV viewing experience. It becomes evident that TV viewers consider the act of watching TV as a highly social activity, seeking to share it with other like-minded individuals, using social media to recreate the experience of watching together as a co-located group. The adoption of second screen devices, such as the smartphone, are identified as important triggers, as they are making it increasingly more easy for viewers to engage in social interaction. This is inevitably also pushing viewers to a converging use of devices. Content-related and real-time social activities are found to be highly value-adding to the TV experience, making it more fun to watch TV by introducing the notion of interactivity. As will be shown in this thesis, this is ultimately driving consumers to watching more content ”live” (according to the TV schedule), rewatching already consumed content and even to a new appreciation for commercial breaks.Detta examensarbete består av en kvalitativ studie som görs på uppdrag av Ericsson ConsumerLab. Syftet är att utforska fenomenet Social TV-konsumtion utifrån ett användarperspektiv. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer utforskas fenomenet genom att undersöka både hur och varför TV-konsumenter använder sociala medier för att prata om TV-innehåll parallellt som det konsumeras. Examensarbetet ger upphov till flera insikter om det aktuella tittarbeteendet, där flera viktiga aspekter täcks in: Drivkrafter, sammanhang där man finner fenomenet, med vilka och hur Sociala TV-tittare interagerar med varandra, barriärer och behov, samt påverkan på TV-upplevelsen. I studien blir det uppenbart att TV-konsumenter allmänt identifierar TV-tittande som något fundamentalt socialt, där man ofta söker likasinnade att dela upplevelsen med och där sociala medier används just för att återskapa känslan av att titta tillsammans med andra. Sekundära skärmar, som t.ex. smarta mobiltelefoner, agerar då ofta som utlösare, då dessa gör det mycket lättare för TV-tittare att interagera med varandra. Detta driver även i slutändan konsumenter till att allt oftare använda flera mediaenheter parallellt vid konsumtion av innehåll. Detta examensarbete påvisar även det mervärde som Sociala TV-tittare upplever av att i realtid kunna interagera med varandra om TV-program, som t.ex. att det blir roligare och mer interaktivt att se på TV. Det är detta mervärde som slutligen även driver TV-konsumenter till att se alltmer TV-innehåll ”live” (tablålagd TV), titta på program man redan sett, och till och med till en ny uppskattning av reklampauser.
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Kenyeres, Adam Zoltan. "Social Media Bot Detection." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-87411.
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Social media platforms have revolutionized how people interact with each other and how people gain information. However, social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook quickly became the platform for public manipulation and spreading or amplifying political or ideological misinformation. Although malicious content can be shared by individuals, today millions of individual and coordinated automated accounts exist, also called bots which share hate, spread misinformation and manipulate public opinion without any human intervention. To make things worse, the sophistication of these automated accounts is so high that they become unidentifiable by humans and difficult for algorithms to detect. In the past decade, researchers have developed novel methods to detect harmful, machinecontrolled accounts. Most of these methods are supervised and are based on classical machine learning approaches. Recently, unsupervised and adversarial methods have also been researched. What is usually common in all these methods is that the detection is based on account level meta-data and feature extraction. The work presented in this thesis, aims at designing, implementing and evaluating bot detectors that are based on deep-learning models and which do not require account level meta-data nor feature extraction. The thesis work relies on the PAN 2019 Bots and Gender Profiling task dataset where Twitter accounts had to be classified as humans or bots. Furthermore, the thesis shows that deep-learning models can yield an accuracy of 0.89 on the PAN 2019 Bots and Gender Profiling dataset; thus, they can compete with classical machine learning methods. Moreover, the findings of this work also show that pre-trained models will be able to improve the accuracy of deep-learning models.
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Lant, Ginger M. "Social Learning and Alcohol." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626233.
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Jones, Christopher. "How sports franchises communicate via social media." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/854.
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The aim of the research is to evaluate how professional sport organizations communicate via social media and lay groundwork on how to effectively do so in the future. The research focuses on the history of social media and its involvement in sport, how it's used today, examples of effective communication and how it can eventually drive revenue for a sport franchise and build a stronger fan base at the same time.B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Nicholson School of Communication
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Grönvik, Lars. "Definitions of Disability in Social Sciences : Methodological Perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Sociology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7803.
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This dissertation examines how disability researchers define disability. It is based on four studies. The first describes different definitions of disability in disability research. The second study is a conceptual analysis of the use of disability in a sample of disability research classics. In this study, it is evident that use of the concept is all but clear. It is concluded that especially environmentally based disability definitions would benefit from further empirical investigations. The notion that environmental factors (such as barriers) are a causal aspect of disability is rather widely accepted among disability researchers. However, it has not been empirically studied to such an extent that it is possible to construct workable theories of this relationship.
The third study focuses on administrative definitions of disability and investigates the possibility of using data on disabled people that have been gathered by Swedish welfare authorities. It is concluded that rich data are available, but also that researchers must scrutinize how disability has been defined in these contexts. These authorities often start from medical understandings of disability, which may clash with contemporary understandings of disability as being environmentally based.
The fourth study is a statistical analysis of the effects of different disability definitions on dependent variables. The analyses emphasize variables often included in studies of living conditions. There are major effects of choice of disability definition on the outcome in relation to such variables.
The dissertation strongly rejects efforts to standardize disability definitions; different analytical purposes require different kinds of conceptualizations. Instead, the dissertation suggests that case-constructing reflexivity be conducted. Case-constructing reflexivity means that the researcher starts with a careful analysis of how disability is best defined in relation to the aims of the study, and continues by being constantly aware of how the choice of definition may affect sampling, analyses and results.
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Grönvik, Lars. "Definitions of disability in social sciences : methodological perspectives /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : b Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7803.
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Evans, William. "Multivariate visualization in social sciences and survey data." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37623.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedFor presentation of survey results, social science data, and other geospatial statistics requires careful attention in order to facilitate fast and accurate interpretation. Adding dimensionality can easily saturate the observer, leading to confusion instead of adding perspective. We produce over a dozen techniques to facilitate multivariate geospatial visualization, filter them with pilot groups, and then design a computer-based human experiment to evaluate their relative performance. In the experiment, the participants locate (with a mouse click) regions with extreme primary or secondary values and then later estimate numerically the values of these variables. We analyze these data with linear and logistic regression and general additive models to characterize the variance due to a learning effect, and then use general linear mixed-effects models to block out the variability due to individual participants and the independent and randomly-generated survey data used to generate the experiment plots. The effectiveness of a particular technique depends heavily on the goal of the presentation: a technique that provides relative perspective without distracting from the primary variable may not facilitate estimation that is as accurate as other techniques. Four scenarios are provided to qualify the presenters intent. Only one technique performed poorly in all four scenarios and only one technique was average in all four; all remaining varied from very good to very bad between scenarios.
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Barnes, Peter. "Interpretation in the arts and the social sciences." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8efbc121-6d88-4b24-a43a-c4cff9e974ba.
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This thesis makes a contribution to the debate about the status of the social sciences. Many philosophers have argued that the social sciences are unlike the natural sciences because they involve a kind of interpretative inquiry which has no parallel in the natural sciences. Stronger versions of this argument suggest that the social sciences are dominated or exhausted by interpretation. In many cases, this stronger claim is supported by an appeal to an analogy between interpretation in the social sciences and interpretation in the arts. The claim of this thesis is that the analogy between interpretation in the arts and the social sciences is not as strong as it is often thought to be. Works of art can be subjected to several distinct kinds of interpretation. Not all of these different kinds have analogues in the social sciences. In particular, conceptions of interpretation which allow for multiple incompatible interpretations of a single artwork have no corollary in the social sciences. By questioning the analogy between interpretation in the two fields, I seek to develop a limited version of naturalism in the philosophy of social science. That is, I argue that there are similarities and points of contact between the social sciences and the natural sciences. This position is strengthened by a further argument: that those who have opposed naturalism have tended to rely on an outdated and overly-rigid view of the what the natural sciences are like. The naturalism I defend is limited because it accepts that there are differences between the natural and social sciences, including the fact that there is a role (but not a dominating role) for interpretation in the social sciences.
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Davids, Steven Emlyn. "A soft systems approach to social sciences projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52133.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper asks the question: "Is the Guide to the PMBOICs method appropriate for doing projects of a social science character?" Inthis enquiry extensive use is made ofliterature that is available via the world wide web. This paper follows the school of thought that regards the world as a complex set of interrelated systems. Humans as social beings are an integral part of these complex systems. In order to do justice to human endeavours, one must understand the systems in which humans operate and interpret all human undertakings in relation to those systems. Three broad types of systems approaches to project management are distinguished. A common underlying principle of all three approaches is that they regard social systems as complex, highly volatile and in constant flux. A direct consequence of this characteristic of social systems is that project goals are also not simple and rigidly fixed. The project goals are also complex, in constant flux and open-ended. The traditional Guide to the PMBOICs method for doing project management is unable to deal effectively with these complex and volatile system problems. This paper advocates that a slightly modified version of Checkland's soft systems method be used to deal with social projects, which are by definition, also complex projects. It is proposed that Checkland's soft systems method should be used in addition to the traditional approach. The method proposed by this paper is, to various degrees, already being implemented in practice. The proposed method is, however, presently not being catered for in the project management software packages that are readily and commercially available.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die vraag: "Is die metode soos voorgestel in die Guide to the PMBOK geskik vir projekte met 'n sosiaal wetenskaplike karakter?" In die ondersoek word op grootskaal gebruik gemaak van literatuur wat beskikbaar is op die internet. Hierdie studie sluit aan by die wetenskaplike gedagterigting wat die wêreld beskou as bestaande uit 'n reeks ingewikkelde en onderling verbinde sisteme. As sosiale wese is die mens 'n integrale deel van hierdie gekompliseerde sisteme. Om reg te laat geskied aan menslike handelinge, moet die sisteme waarbinne die mens leef verstaan word. Menslike handeling moet ook vertolk word teen die agtergrond van daardie sisteme en in verhouding tot die sisteme. Drie gedagterigtings kan onderskei word binne die sisteem benadering tot projekbestuur. 'n Gemeenskaplike en onderliggende beginsel van al drie gedagterigtings is dat hulle sosiale sisteme beskou as gekompliseerd, uiters onbestendig en in voortdurende beweging. 'n Direkte gevolg van hierdie eienskap van sosiale sisteme is dat projekte se doelwitte ook nie maklik definieerbaar en stabiel is nie. Projekte se doelwitte is gekompliseerd, onbestendig en oop. Die konvensionele metodes vir projekbestuur soos voorgestel deur die Guide to the PMBOK is nie in staat om hierdie gekompliseerde en onbestendige sisteem probleme effektief te hanteer nie. Hierdie studie debatteer dat 'n effens gewysigde weergawe van Checkland se sagte sisteem metode gebruik word vir die doen van sosiale projekte, wat per definisie gekompliseerde projekte is. Dit word aan die hand gedoen dat Checkland se sagte sisteem metode gebruik word saam met die konvensionele benadering. Die metode wat hierdie studie bepleit, word alreeds tot vlakke in die praktyk toegepas. Daar word egter nie voorsieining gemaak vir die voorgestelde metode in rekenaar sagte ware programme in projekbestuur wat redelik algemeen in die kleinhandel beskikbaar is nie.
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Jones, Rhys. "Igniting the statistical spark in the social sciences." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111418/.
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Several investigations have concluded that there is a quantitative deficit within the social sciences in the UK (Fonow and Cook, 1991; Lincoln and Denzin, 2003; Payne et al., 2004; Williams, et al., 2008; MacInnes, 2009; Platt, 2012; Payne, 2014; Williams et al., 2015). Reasons for this are potentially rooted within the societal negative attitudes towards mathematics. Societal negative attitudes towards mathematics could be a product of the traditional teaching approaches of mathematics education. In particular, teaching methods have potentially contributed to the subject identity as being right or wrong, perceived as a difficult discipline (Porkess, 2013; Donaldson, 2015). Significant changes have been made to mathematics education (years 7-13) more recently to encourage greater student uptake post-16, within England and Wales (Porkess, 2013; Donaldson, 2015). Statistics has gained an increasingly important voice within mathematics education. Statistics also cuts across many disciplines, becoming a core subject. In addition, employers are increasingly requesting employees acquire data analysis skills, underpinned by statistical and scientific principles. In relation to the quantitative deficit, the Q-Step initiative was created across 15 British universities to develop a range of undergraduate social science degree courses to improve quantitative methods skills. The Q-Step centre within Cardiff University invested in the development of a range of school and further education activities, to highlight the importance of these quantitative skills. The development of a QCF level 3 course in Social Analytics (investigation of social processes using statistical analysis and techniques) involved the creation of the Pilot Scheme in Social Analytics (SA). This course was developed with a group of secondary school teachers and FE lecturers, delivered over a series of 21 weeks to a mixture of year 12 and 13 students in Cardiff in 2014/15 (44 students) and 2015/16 (29 students). To investigate the effectiveness of the Pilot Scheme in SA, a series of research questions were developed. A quasi-experimental design was used to operationalise these research questions to measure the impacts on student attitudes and attainment in statistics (in year 12 and 13) on an experimental group who received a contextualised statistics course in 2015/16 (Pilot Scheme in SA), compared to two control groups. Results suggest the course did lead to changes in the students’ attitudes, becoming more positive. In addition, their statistical abilities also seem to have improved, in comparison to the two control groups. Although the positive impacts of the course are somewhat tentative, and in places it is difficult to make unequivocal inferences, there is no evidence to suggest the course had a negative impact on the experimental group. In comparison, students in both control groups who didn’t receive the treatment, showed negative differences in their attitudes and abilities with respect to mathematics and statistics. In light of the findings and discussion, recommendations have been made with reference to professional practice and also future research. These include expanding the Pilot Scheme in SA to be made available for more schools in Wales and developing teacher training support to deliver these courses.
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Arnold, Robert V. "Theory, Method, and Democracy in the Social Sciences." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1212757204.
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Mallick, Arindam. "The Methodology of social sciences : a phenomenological approach." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/52.
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Westford, Marie. "Bjud på en kopp kaffe : .. En fallstudie ur klientperspektiv/ Let´s talk over a cup of coffee A case studie from a clientperspective." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Health Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3725.
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The purpose of this essay at bachelor level was to increase the understanding regarding the experiences of a client’s meetings with different public authorities. The method used was a case study viewed from a client’s perspective and based upon three qualitative interviews with one client. Theories were used to create order and to analys the empiric material. The interviewed person talked about feelings such as dishonour, unfair treatment and feeling powerless.
The informant wanted to reclaim the power of her life, to have influence and self-determination. Being a client and turn to different authorities for help can lead to divergent.
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Nilsson, Anna, and Sophie Nilsson. "Rörelse i förskolan : En studie om pedagogers förhållningssätt, syfte och arbete med den planerade samt oplanerade rörelsen i förskolan." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Teacher Education, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-6268.
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Genom rörelse utvecklas vi som personer, vi utvecklas motoriskt, vi får en känsla av välbefinnande och vi har lättare för att koncentrera oss. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur pedagogerna förhåller sig till den planerade samt till den spontana rörelsen i förskolan och hur de arbetar för att uppfylla läroplanens strävandemål om rörelse. Vilka svårigheter respektive möjligheter finns det med att få in rörelsen i vardagen på förskolan och hur övervinner pedagogen dessa? Undersökningen genomfördes i form av deltagande observationer samt personliga intervjuer. Genom observationer och intervjuer med sex olika pedagoger från tre olika förskolor har vi fått deras syn och perspektiv på dessa frågor. Resultatet visar att pedagogernas mål med rörelse är att barnen skall utvecklas motoriskt och samtliga pedagoger belyser pedagogens roll under rörelsen som viktig. Utomhusmiljön och utevistelsen är något som de flesta pedagogerna framhåller som särskilt viktigt gällande barnens rörelse och deras motoriska utveckling. Hur de arbetar med denna för att stimulera barnen, skiljer sig pedagogerna åt och det är deras personliga engagemang och målmedvetenhet som blir avgörande hur pass aktiva de själv är under utevistelsen. De möjliga hinder som pedagogerna ser med att få in rörelsen i vardagen är bland annat brist på utrymme, brist på kunskap och brist på resurser.
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Ng, Isabel Wing-chun. "A cross cultural study of power and power motivation in China and the United States." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3253369.
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B, Andersson Malin, and Vendela Muhrén. "Social Kompetens – Vägen till anställning?" Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Behavioural Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-4640.
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Vårt syfte med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur personalrekryterare ser på begreppet Social Kompetens i samband med rekrytering, framförallt vid rekrytering av människor som i sitt yrke arbetar för människor, tillika serviceyrken. Innan vi påbörjade uppsatsen antog vi att den Sociala Kompetensen var viktig för att kunna få anställning. Vi har i studie 2, som är vår huvudsakliga studie, genomfört sju intervjuer med människor som i sitt yrke rekryterar och genomför anställningsintervjuer. Då det existerar liten forskning kring förekomsten av Social Kompetens i platsannonser valde vi även att göra en sådan undersökning, studie 1, som till viss del även låg till grund för urvalet av intervjupersoner till studie 2. I platsannonser efterfrågas Social Kompetens främst för tjänster där man arbetar för människor, vård/omsorg/läraryrken, men även inom serviceyrken. Personalrekryterare använder inte begreppet Social Kompetens vid utformning av kravprofiler för platsannonser och det är vanligare att personalrekryterare inte efterfrågar Social Kompetens i platsannonser än att de gör det. Trots detta är den Sociala Kompetensen oftast en avgörande faktor för om individen faktiskt får anställning eller inte men definitionen av Social Kompetens är inte entydig bland personalrekryterare.
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Price, Jeremy. "Social work purpose, motivation and identity : Filipino social workers at home and abroad." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2014. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/3246b84e-36ca-4fb9-9fbf-e860636f7d4c.
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This thesis is concerned with social work purpose and identity in international contexts. It explores the perspectives of social workers, social work academics and policy makers in the Philippines and of Filipino social workers who moved to England to undertake the ‘same’ job.
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Scharfstein, Lindsay. "Social Skills and Social Acceptance in Childhood Anxiety Disorders." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5860.
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The present study examined the social skills and social acceptance of children with SAD (n=20), children with GAD (n=18), and typically developing (TD) children (n=20). A multimodal assessment paradigm was employed to address three study objectives: (a) to determine whether social skills deficits are unique to children with SAD or extend to children with GAD, (b) to assess whether skills vary as a function of social context (in vivo peer interaction Wii Task versus hypothetical Social Vignette Task) and (c) to examine the relationship between anxiety diagnosis and social acceptance. Parent questionnaire data indicated that both youth with SAD and GAD experienced difficulties with assertiveness, whereas children with SAD experienced a broader range of social skills difficulties. Blinded observers' ratings during the behavioral assessment social tasks indicated that compared to children with GAD and TD children, children with SAD have deficits in social behaviors and social knowledge across settings, including speech latency, a paucity of speech, few spontaneous comments, questions and exclamations, and ineffective social responses. In addition, vocal analysis revealed that children with SAD were characterized by anxious speech patterns. By comparison, children with GAD exhibited non-anxious speech patterns and did not differ significantly from TD youth on social behaviors, with the exception of fewer spontaneous comments and questions. Lastly, children with SAD were perceived as less likeable and less socially desirable by their peers than both children with GAD and TD children. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology; Clinical Psychology
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Aharony, Nadav. "Social fMRI : measuring and designing social mechanisms using mobile phones." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70807.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-168).
A key challenge of data-driven social science is the gathering of high quality multi-dimensional datasets. A second challenge relates to the design and execution of social experiments in the real world that are as reliable as those within a controlled laboratory, yet yield more practical results. We introduce the Social Functional Mechanism-design and Relationship Imaging, or "SocialfMRI" - an approach that enhances existing computational social science methodologies by bridging rich data collection strategies with experimental interventions. In this thesis, we demonstrate the value of the Social fMRI approach in our Friends and Family study. We transformed a young-family residential community into a living laboratory for 15 months, through a very fine-grained and longitudinal data collection process combined with targeted experimental interventions. Through the derived dataset of unprecedented quality, the Social fMRI approach allows us to gain insights into intricate social mechanisms and interpersonal relationships within the community in ways not previously possible. This thesis delivers the following contributions: (1) A methodology combining a rich-data experimental approach together with carefully designed interventions, (2) a system supporting the methodology - implemented, field-tested, and released to the world as an open-source framework with a growing community of users, (3) a dataset collected using the system, comprising what is, to date, the richest real-world dataset of its genre, (4) a very large set of experimental findings that contribute to our understanding of important research questions in computational social science in addition to demonstrating the methodology's potential. Among the results described in this thesis are the design and evaluation of a novel mechanism for social support in a health-related context, the observation that the diffusion of mobile applications relies more on the face-to-face interaction ties than on self-perceived friendship ties, and a gained understanding of the evolution of modeling and prediction processes over time and varying sample sizes.
by Nadav Aharony.
Ph.D.
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Evans, Clare Rosenfeld. "Innovative Approaches to Investigating Social Determinants of Health - Social Networks, Environmental Effects and Intersectionality." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23205168.
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Contexts are important social determinants of individual health trajectories and population level patterns of health disparities. This dissertation examines three types of contexts—social networks, physical environments, and social positions—using innovative quantitative approaches. Chapter 1 examines the intersectional social positions created by interlocking social identities—race/ethnicity, sex, income, education, and age—and their relationship to health disparities in the obesity epidemic. We outline an innovative analytic approach to evaluating intersectionality using multilevel models. After adjustment for the contributions of the main effects, a large intersectional effect remains. While clear social patterning emerges, interactions are not necessarily patterned according to ‘multiple jeopardy’ and ‘multiplicative benefit’ as might have been expected. These findings reveal the complex social patterning of the obesity epidemic, and challenge us to consider possible refinements to intersectionality theory.
Chapter 2 evaluates whether U.S. adolescent social networks are segregated by family income level. Network segregation or integration may affect adolescent health trajectories through a variety of pathways, yet the extent to which networks are socioeconomically segregated is poorly understood. We approach the evaluation of income segregation through a novel lens by explicitly considering three scales of analysis within social networks: the network community level, the dyadic level, and a level in between. We find evidence of income segregation at all three levels, though this segregation is neither extreme nor universal. Family income appears to be a socially salient factor in the structure of adolescent social networks.
In Chapter 3, three contexts of relevance to the adolescent obesity epidemic—schools, neighborhoods, and social networks—are examined simultaneously. Using a novel combination of social network community detection and cross-classified multilevel modeling, we compare the contributions of each of these contexts to the total variation in adolescent body mass index. After adjusting for relevant covariates, we find that the school-level and neighborhood-level contributions to the variance are modest compared with the network community-level. These results are robust to multiple sensitivity tests. This study highlights the salience of adolescent social networks and indicates that they may be a promising context to address in the design of health promotion programs.