Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social sciences -> psychology -> personality'
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1
Lindsey, James. "The Relationship of the Authoritarian Personality & Social Identity Theory." TopSCHOLAR®, 1993. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2538.
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Since social identity theory and authoritarian personality theory have been presented as opposing theories of discrimination, the present experiment explored whether authoritarianism could explain discrimination in social identity theory's minimal group paradigm. High, high average, low average, and low authoritarians were given three measures of in-group favoritism in minimal groups (two point -distribution tasks and a group -rating task). An authoritarianism main effect and an authoritarianism by order interaction on the point -distribution tasks indicated that authoritarianism significantly enhanced discrimination, but only when these tasks followed the group-rating measure. This interaction indicates that authoritarianism has greater influence on discrimination as in-group/out-group distinctions are made more salient. Authoritarianism did not influence discrimination in group ratings. Social identity theory proposes that individuals use discrimination to enhance their self-esteem, but only high authoritarians appeared to do so in this study.
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Van, Laar Sonja Terry. "Relationship of success-failure attributions to gender-role identity type in college students." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2799.
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One hundred eighty five college students (75 male and 110 female) solved 12 anagrams, completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory, and completed a posttest which measured participant's internal and external attributions about the success or failure outcome of the anagram solutions. A 4 x 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA with gender-role type (masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated), biological sex, and outcome as the independent variables was used to analyze the outcome scores for internal and external attributions. Contrary to prediction, there was no significant interaction between gender-role identity and outcome. The internal attributions in the success condition for all subjects were significantly greater than internal attributions in the failure condition. There were no other significant main effects or interactions. Results of this study are in agreement with meta-analytic findings which state there are no significant differences between males and females in success/failure attributions.
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Walsh, Christine M. "The effects of group members' personality traits and influence on individual consensus." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212009-040325/.
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Schaefer, Genevieve Lenore. "Relationship of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality profiles to academic self-esteem." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2796.
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The purpose of this correlational research study was to determine if Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality profiles are related to academic self-esteem (ASE), and if there is a relationship, which of the personality preferences and their subtraits are related to both total ASE and its five components. The central premise of the study was that personality type is related to academic self-esteem. Data was collected from 144 students attending 11th and 12th grade classes at a high school located in the Central Valley of California. The research design incorporated a variety of correlational methods to view the scores from two assessment instruments, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI - Form K) and the Student Self-Esteem Inventory (SSEI). The study was designed to answer four main research questions and six supportive questions. The findings of the study indicated that generally, personality type is related to academic self-esteem. Extraversion, intuitive, and judging (ENJ) personality preferences or types have higher ASE than introversion, sensing, and perception (ISP) personality types. Further research could serve to clarify: personality variables which influence academic self-esteem development; gender influence in ASE development; resiliency factors related to ASE development; appropriate communication, instruction, programs, and climate for diverse personality types to increase academic self-esteem, and ultimately, student achievement.
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Brown, Jessica Young. "PERSONALITY AND INTERPERSONAL PREDICTORS AMONG MINISTERS: PREFERENCE FOR PASTORAL COUNSELING TASKS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/452.
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A review of vocational assessment in ministry populations revealed that since the 1950s, ministers have been assessed using psychological and vocational assessments in an effort to ascertain goodness of fit for ministry tasks. However, ministers consistently produce profile reports that are significantly different from the population as a whole. In addition, while there has been much research on the general ministerial vocation, there has been little research on particular ministerial roles and the predictors for ministers who will excel in those tasks. The literature on ministers is outdated and has not taken into consideration the peculiar characteristics of the ministry population, such as a special set of societal standards and the “call” from God to engage in ministry. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a personality profile exists that can predict the types of ministers that would be most likely to exhibit a preference in pastoral care and counseling tasks as a specific ministerial vocation. Based on a review of the literature, several variables from psychological and vocational assessments emerged as possible predictors. In addition, it was hypothesized that the relationship between these variables could be explained by a friendly-dominant style of interpersonal behavior. Results suggest that there is in fact a personality profile that can predict whether ministers will exhibit a preference for pastoral care and counseling tasks. This profile was different based on setting, as was the goodness of fit with the theoretically proposed interpersonal style. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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Vasilakis, Kristina M. "What Qualities of Mind, Personality, and Environment affect Creation and Innovation?" University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1289938315.
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Auch, Patricia Marie. "Physiological correlates in happy and sad emotional states." Scholarly Commons, 1995. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2759.
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The physiological differences in happy and sad emotional reactions were measured by taking blood pressure, EMG, heart-rate, and skin-temperature while each emotion was evoked in participants. The study used films shown to participants to provoke happy and sad responses. Self-evaluation questionnaires were used to determine how aware the participants were of their physiological changes in both emotional conditions. Results indicated a decrease in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and EMG responses, but, an increase in skin temperature while participants watched the sad film manipulation. Physiological readings taken during the happy film sequence contradicted the hypotheses of this study. Participants blood pressure, heart rate, and skin temperature readings were lower in the happy condition than in the sad. Electromyography during the happy film manipulation was the only measure to increase as predicted. Attention was paid to the differences in men and women in their physiological responses.
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Brown, Aaron M. "Examining the relationship between Jungian personality types and conflict management styles." Scholarly Commons, 1995. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2286.
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The purpose of the examination was to investigate the relationship between Jungian personality types (introversion, sensing, thinking, and judging) and individual's choice of different interpersonal- conflict management styles (avoiding, competing,--accommodating, compromising, and collaborating). The five conflict modes were defined according to the two basic behavioral dimensions of assertiveness and cooperativeness (Thomas, 1976). Also investigated was the possible relationship of gender with personality type and conflict management styles. Two-hundred and twenty-seven subjects completed two questionnaires, the Keirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS) and the Rahim Organizational Conflict Indicator-11 (ROCI-II), to measure personality type and conflict management styles, respectively. Results indicated that introversion was positively related to avoiding and negatively related to collaborating. Thinking was negatively related to avoiding, accommodating, collaborating, and compromising. Conversely, thinking was positively correlated with competing. Gender type was found to have significant correlations with the variables. Females had a significant positive correlation between avoiding and introversion and a negative correlation between collaborating and introversion. accommodating and collaborating were negatively related with thinking, while competing was positively related to thinking. A significant positive correlation for males was found between introversion and avoiding. Negative correlations for males were found for sensing and compromising, and thinking and accommodating. The results suggest that basic psychological predispositions may influence the choice of conflict management styles. Moreover, the results provide an indication of the usefulness and potential of the five-category representation of conflict handling modes and the Jungian personality dimensions in documenting and explaining psychological bases of interpersonal conflict. These results are in partial agreement with previous research.
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Kaplan, Jillian. "The Use of the Elaboration Likelihood Model and Attitude Change in Personality Disorder Patients." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1131.
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Previous research has studied the relationship between the use of the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and various personality traits when individuals are presented with persuasive information. This study aims to examine attitude change toward treatment in personality disorder (PD) patients using the ELM. It is predicted that patients of BPD, SPD, and OCPD will be more likely to use the central route of processing, while patients of NPD will be more likely to use the peripheral route of processing when evaluating persuasive information due the personality traits characteristic of the respective disorders. Selected patients of the four PDs of interest will be randomly assigned to read a positive persuasive appeal containing information more likely to be persuasive to an individual using the central route of processing or, conversely, the peripheral route of persuasion. Differences in treatment attitudes before and after reading each appeal will be compared in a 2x4 Factorial ANOVA design. Understanding individual differences in information processing and attitude change toward treatment depending on personality disorder could potentially allow for mental health professionals to consider these tendencies when encouraging treatment for individual personality disorder patients.
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Beckford, Ian. "The Effect of the Type A Coronary Behavior Pattern on Intergroup Conflict Reduction." TopSCHOLAR®, 1987. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2130.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of an individual difference variable (the Type A/B coronary prone behavior pattern) on intergroup conflict reduction. Undergraduates were first characterized as Type A/B based on a pretest. They then participated in a study that consisted of the presentation of two conflict-inducing tasks to each of two groups homogeneous with respect to the A/B dimension. There were three conditions in the study: sessions in which the groups were composed exclusively of "A"'s or "B"'s, and sessions which consisted of "A"'s and "B's. The two groups competed with one another on these tasks with the assumption that the group that produced the best product would be awarded extra credit. This conflict-inducing stage was followed by the presentation of two superordinate tasks, which required both groups to work together in order to gain a reward. Questionnaires were administered before and after the presentation of the superordinate tasks. These questionnaires assessed interpersonal attraction, tasks, and general processes. It was hypothesized that groups composed of Type "A"s would have less increase in attraction scores after completing
the superordinate task than would groups composed of Type "Bs or groups composed of Type "A"'s and Type "B"s. In other words, the superordinate goal would be less effective in reducing intergroup conflict with Type "A" groups than Type "B" groups. Although no significant differences were found in attraction or cooperation ratings among the three conditions (AA, AB, BB), the trend of the group means offered some support for the initial hypothesis. However, AA conditions did indicate the perception that they were in more control during the study than did AB or BB conditions. This finding is consistent with the results found in studies assessing Type "A"'s perceptions of control (e.g. Sanders and Malkis, 1981). The clearest finding was that the superordinate goal was effective in reducing intergroup conflict. For example, all groups increased their ratings of outgroup members over time. Finally, the effect that individual difference variables can have on intergroup conflict and on the functioning of groups is discussed.
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Ouellette, David M. "The Social Network and Attachment Bases of Loneliness." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/949.
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This thesis tests Robert S. Weiss's 1973 theory of loneliness, which claims two types of loneliness: emotional and social. Emotional loneliness is the affective reaction to the absence of a close attachment bond. Social loneliness stems from inadequate integration into a social network. Undergraduate residents of a university dormitory completed questionnaires on loneliness, attachment, personality, and relationships with other dorm residents. Patterns of relational ties among participants were evaluated using social network analysis, specifically density, tie strength, and four forms of centrality. Results reveal that, while controlling for neuroticism, the network measure of outdegree and the two attachment dimensions accounted for more than half the variance in loneliness, R = .73. None of the three predictors intercorrelated significantly. A portion of loneliness is derived from one's internal attachment security and a separate portion is derived from the external features of one's social network integration.
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Stone, Maryann. "Predicting Behavior from Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality Traits in a Student Sample." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1940.
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Psychopathic personality is associated with a myriad of social and behavioral problems including violence, criminal activity, and overall failure to conform to social standards. In this study, psychopathic and antisocial personality traits are measured in a sample of college students via self-report surveys using questions derived from Hare's Psychopathic Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; 1991). Reliability and factor analyses were used to validate the inventory and create factor-based indices that were used to predict antisocial behavioral outcomes including violence, seeking revenge on persecutors, and suicidal ideation, in addition to other analogous and deviant behaviors. Findings showed a relationship between personality and behavior indicating that characteristics of one's personality may aid in the prediction and prevention of deviant behaviors. Implications for public policy, including the identification of traits that may be related to the propensity for such behaviors, are reviewed in the context of school shootings such as the incident at Columbine High School.
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Trace, Sara. "The Genetic Epidemiology of Purging Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/125.
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Although a variety of factors influence the development of eating disorders, genetic factors contribute notably to their etiology. Understanding genetic factors associated with eating disorders is important, as they can influence how these disorders are recognized, researched, and treated. This dissertation included two studies addressing important questions within the fields of eating disorders and genetics; specifically, Study 1 addressed the prevalence and heritability of purging and purging disorder in a population-based sample of female twins from the United States; and Study 2 investigated the nature of the co-morbidity between anorexia nervosa and obsessive compulsive personality disorder in a population-based sample of female twins from Norway. Twin methodology was applied for both studies. Univariate analyses, a bivariate Cholesky decomposition, and an item-factor modeling approach were used. Results from Study 1 revealed estimates of 3.0%, 3.4%, 3.7%, and 11.5% for self-induced vomiting, laxative and diuretic abuse, and excessive exercise, respectively. Laxative abuse was more strongly influenced by common environmental effects, while liability to excessive exercise was more strongly influenced by common genetic factors. Due to insufficient data, an item-factor model of purging disorder did not yield conclusive results. In Study 2, the phenotypic correlation between anorexia nervosa and obsessive compulsive personality disorder was 0.08. A bivariate Cholesky decomposition revealed that an AE-AEre model best fit the data, indicating that additive genetic effects moderately contribute to both anorexia nervosa and obsessive compulsive personality disorder individually but that these genetic influences are not shared between the two disorders. In addition, this model suggests that the slight overlap in liability between the two disorders is entirely accounted for by unique environmental effects and error. These results provide preliminary findings on important topics within the field of eating disorders and genetics research. Further study of the heritability of purging and purging disorder, as well as the nature of the co-morbidity between anorexia nervosa and obsessive compulsive personality disorder, is needed in large population-based samples. Better understanding the etiology of disordered eating and frequently co-occurring diagnoses, both at the diagnosis and symptom level, might have the potential to inform classification and treatment.
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Morris, Megan Brianne. "Personality and Simulated Employment Decisions in Perceived Gay and Lesbian Applicants." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1315487785.
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Racioppo, Melissa Wiseman 1969. "Fighting spirit and the marital context of managing congestive heart failure." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282843.
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Research suggests that the fighting spirit (FS) of patients coping with serious illness correlates with their physical health and psychological adjustment, but studies to date have operationalized FS primarily through questionnaires and have neglected the possibility that close relationships influence (or are influenced by) an individual patient's FS. This study examines the reliability and validity of an observational measure of FS, developed by the author, and its relationship to patient, spouse, and marital variables. The measure is based on an expanded definition consisting of eight dimensions: optimism, control, self-efficacy, sense of purpose, self-esteem, persistence, active participation, and adaptability. Participants were 88 couples in which one of the partners (63 men and 25 women) had congestive heart failure (CHF). As part of the Michigan Family Heart Project (Coyne, 1993), both partners participated in individual home interviews and completed questionnaires related to physical health, psychological functioning, approaches to coping with the illness, and the partners' marital relationship. Biomedical measures of illness severity were recorded concurrently from the patient's chart, and a telephone interview 9 months later provided follow-up measures of patient life satisfaction and distress. Judges reliably rated FS dimensions from audiotaped interview segments of the patient describing how he or she had coped with a recent health problem, and the composite FS measure demonstrated good internal consistency and fair convergent and discriminant validity. Although FS did not predict four-year survival, it did relate to health, psychological functioning, and the marital context, though in different ways for male and female patients. For female patients, FS appeared to be a problem-focused, spouse-involving approach associated with initial distress that improved over time; whereas for male patients, FS appeared to represent a private self-efficacy in illness management independent of problem-solving efforts and associated with initial well-being that deteriorated over time. Though preliminary, these results suggest that FS coping may have different correlates and consequences for men and women, and highlight the importance of dose relationships in managing serious illness.
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Gillespie, Steven Mark. "Cognitive, affective and social psychological correlates of psychopathic personality traits in offenders and non-offenders." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4901/.
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This thesis aimed to investigate the cognitive, affective and social-psychological correlates of primary (selfish, uncaring) and secondary (reckless, prone to boredom) psychopathic traits. The results of Chapter 2 indicate that both primary and secondary psychopathic traits are associated with reduced empathic functioning. These results were supported by findings from Chapter 3, which suggest that elevated levels of secondary psychopathic traits may be linked with a lack of generosity for the out-group, but pro-social sentiment for the in-group. Chapter 4 used eye tracking to examine the cognitive mechanisms underlying empathic functioning and showed that primary psychopathic traits were linked with abnormal eye scan paths during an expression recognition task, indicated by reduced dwell time on the eye region of emotional faces. Chapter 5 further examined emotion recognition in an offending sample and revealed poor fearful face recognition among sexual and violent offenders. Furthermore, primary psychopathic traits were linked with greater impairment in fearful face recognition. Taken together, these findings show that primary and secondary psychopathic traits are linked with different patterns of performance on psychological tests. These results support the view that the variance accounted for by these traits should be considered separately in research and in clinical practice.
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Samson, Matthew James. "Using computational psychology to profile unhappy and happy people." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288246.
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Social psychology has a long tradition of studying the personality traits associated with subjective well-being (SWB). However, research often depends on a priori but unempirical assumptions about how to (a) measure the constructs, and (b) mitigate confounded associations. These assumptions have caused profligate and often contradictory findings. To remedy, I demonstrate how a computational psychology paradigm-predicated on large online data and iterative analyses-might help isolate more robust personality trait associations. At the outset, I focussed on univariate measurement. In the first set of studies, I evaluated the extent researchers could measure psychological characteristics at scale from online behaviour. Specifically, I used a combination of simulated and real-world data to determine whether predicted constructs like big five personality were accurate for specific individuals. I found that it was usually more effective to simply assume everyone was average for the characteristic, and that imprecision was not remedied by collapsing predicted scores into buckets (e.g. low, medium, high). Overall, I concluded that predictions were unlikely to yield precise individual-level insights, but could still be used to examine normative group-based tendencies. In the second set of studies, I evaluated the construct validity of a novel SWB scale. Specifically, I repurposed the balanced measure of psychological needs (BMPN), which was originally designed to capture the substrates of intrinsic motivation. I found that the BMPN robustly captured (a) dissociable experiences of suffering and flourishing, (b) more transitive SWB than the existing criterion measure, and (c) unique variation in real-world outcomes. Thus, I used it as my primary outcome. Then, I focussed on bivariate associations. The third set of studies extracted pairs of participants with similar patterns of covarying personality traits-and differing target traits-to isolate less-confounded SWB correlations. I found my extraction method-an adapted version of propensity score matching-outperformed even advanced machine learning alternatives. The final set of studies isolated the subset of facets that had the most robust associations with SWB. It combined real-world surveys with a total of eight billion simulated participants to find the traits most prevalent in extreme suffering and flourishing. For validation purposes, I first found that depression and cheerfulness-the trait components of SWB-were highly implicated in both suffering and flourishing. Then, I found that self-discipline was the only other trait implicated in both forms of SWB. However, there were also domain-specific effects: anxiety, vulnerability and cooperation were implicated in just suffering; and, assertiveness, altruism and self-efficacy were implicated in just flourishing. These seven traits were most likely to be the definitive, stable, drivers of SWB because their effects were totally consistent across the full range of intrapersonal contexts.
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DeShazo, George Newton. "An evaluation of personality-environmental factors related to job satisfaction of secondary school natural science teachers." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618426.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among certain personality traits, vocational interests, and demographic factors with job satisfaction among secondary school natural science teachers. Implications for future research and educational practice were explored.;Volunteers teaching secondary school natural science classes in seven Virginia public school districts primarily in the Hampton Rhodes area were subjects for this study. Subjects completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the Vocational Preference Inventory, The Job Descriptive Index, and a biographical informational questionnaire.;It was hypothesized that (1) there would be a positive correlation between the predominant basic preference, INTJ, and job satisfaction, (2) there would be a positive correlation between congruence of the Holland code IRS and job satisfaction, (3) there would be a positive correlation between differentiation and job satisfaction, and (4) there would be a positive correlation between age, sex, years as natural science teacher, years in present position, total years in education, highest degree earned and job satisfaction.;Hypotheses 1, 2, and 3 were rejected. In hypothesis 4, years in present position and years as natural science teacher were negatively correlated with job satisfaction. Recommendations for further research and future educational practice were made.
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Deal, James E., and Karin Bartoszuk. "Personality, Identity, and American Protestant Fundamentalism: What are the Connections?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3207.
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This study examined the associations between personality, identity, and protestant fundamentalism (subscales included inerrancy, evangelism, premillennialism, and separatism). 440 college students between the ages of 18 and 29 participated in the study, and self-identified as protestant. A step-wise regression revealed the following findings. Neuroticism was negatively associated with inerrancy, evangelism, and separatism; extroversion was negatively related to separatism; and agreeableness was positively related to inerrancy, evangelisms, and premillennialism. Exploration in depth was positively associated with evangelism, premillennialism, and separatism; identification with commitment was positively related with separatism; and rumination was positively associated with premillennialism, and separatism.
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Mendoza, Jorge I. "Intolerance of ambiguity and gender differences between humanists and normativists." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/473.
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A study was conducted to test Tomkins' Polarity theory (1963) on the psychological basis for being ideologically liberal or conservative and its relationship with intolerance of ambiguity and gender differences. Normativism, the conservative orientation, was found to have a positive relationship with intolerance for ambiguity. Males were found to be generally less humanist than females. Theoretical background and relevant research is discussed. Suggested applications of this study are to political persuasion, voting behavior, and the psychology of partisanship. This study intends to contribute to the literature on the psychology of ideology, political behavior and ideological differences between men and women.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Garbrecht, Amy L. "Characteristics of incarcerated juvenile sex offenders and non-sex offenders." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1385385595.
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Mada, Rosalba. "Personality Characteristics and Relationship Satisfaction of Individuals who Attended the Preparación de Novios Weekend Workshop." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2669.
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Research is limited and inconsistent when identifying basic constructs that improve relationship satisfaction; there is also limited research on marriage education efforts that address effects of premarital programs on relationship satisfaction and how they are influenced by personality. Research questions in this study explored the relationship between personality characteristics and relationship satisfaction and the relationship among personality characteristics and affective communication, role orientation, problem-solving communication, aggression, family history of distress, time together, disagreement about finances, and sexual dissatisfaction, as measured with the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (5th ed.) and Marital Satisfaction Inventory-Revised. The family systems theory provided the theoretical foundation. A convenience sample of (N = 58) of individuals, who attended the premarital education program, Preparación de Novios weekend workshop, was recruited. While overall regression analysese were not statistically significant, prohibiting the rejection of null hypotheses, 3 independent variables emerged that supported the results of existing literature and may be useful for future research: affective communication and gender, role orientation and independence, and aggression and independence. These findings have implications for positive social change by informing the efforts of therapists, counselors, and others working with couples, who may note the areas of greatest influence on relationship satisfaction and focus on those problem areas in a relationship with potentially greater impact on satisfaction.
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Hegge, Gloria. "The Subjective Experience of Women in Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1323404571.
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Bender, James D. "Duration of Time Spent Playing Online Video Games, Interpersonal Skills, and Introversion Personality Traits as Predictors for Social Anxiety Symptoms." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1627.
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This study sought to determine if time spent engaging in online gaming, interpersonal communication skills, and introvert personality traits are predictors of an individual’s likelihood of experiencing symptoms of social anxiety. A sample of 128 participants (82 males and 46 females) completed measures of demographics, interpersonal communication skills, problematic online gaming, social anxiety, and introversion. Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. There were significant correlations among social anxiety and interpersonal communication skills, problematic online gaming, and introversion. There was no significant correlation among social anxiety and time spent playing Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPG), a specific form of online video game. It was also found that interpersonal communication skills, problematic online gaming, and introversion were all significant predictors of social anxiety. However, time spent playing MMORPGs was not a significant predictor of social anxiety.
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Fisher, Sandi. "Hardiness and Job Fitness for the Intensive Family Preservation Specialist: A Correlational Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2910.
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It is costly to train the counselors who serve in intensive Family Preservation Services (IFPS). The hiring agency must pay for traveling expenses in addition to any fee paid for training. When an IFPS worker chooses to terminate employment before the end of two years of employment, this puts a strain on an already tight budget. This problem could be alleviated by finding an efficient pre-hire screening instrument. The three personality traits described in Hardiness Theory literature: commitment, challenge, and control, are traits often used to describe the ideal IFPS worker. This study assessed IFPS workers to determine if the competent IFPS worker possessed these traits and to discover if they are satisfied with their work, and not suffering from symptoms of burnout. Twenty null hypotheses were formulated. Fifty-eight specialists from the Tennessee Home Ties programs completed: (a) a demographic survey; (b) the Personal Views Survey to measure Hardiness; (c) the Maslach Burnout Inventory; and (d) the Job In General scale to measure job satisfaction. Supervisors provided a copy of the Therapist Evaluation Form to measure employee competence. Eight specialists and three directors participated in additional telephone interviews. The Pearson product-moment coefficient of correlation statistic was used to determine statistically significant relationships between pairs of research variables. Nineteen of the 20 null hypotheses were rejected. The results of the study support the existence of a relationship between hardiness and competence, burnout, and job satisfaction. Pearson product-moment correlations were obtained to ascertain if a statistically significant relationship existed between any of the research variables and the demographic variables. Weak positive relationships were found between age and competence and between years of service and competence.
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Thio, Irene Marie. "Resilience against stress and depression in the postpartum period." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3119441.
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Background. Because there have been few studies examining resilience associated with postnatal (PN) depression, this study aimed at formulating and testing a theory-based model integrating both traditional resilience paradigms and non-traditional factors including existential beliefs about life, motherhood and religion. Method. Study hypotheses addressed prediction of PN depression, stress and resilience, and the confounding influence of negative affectivity (neuroticism). Study variables included PN depression (Edinburgh PN Depression Scale, EPDS), stress, neuroticism, self-esteem, mother's distress and ambivalence, purpose/meaning, religious belief, parity, age, marital and social status. They were assessed with standardized self-report instruments and, following a pilot, administered to a probability sample of women four months postpartum in a one-wave, community, postal survey. Because the overall response rate was so low (49%) only the Europeans were included in the study (N = 225; response-rate = 78%). Statistical hypothesis-testing included linear and logistical multivariate model-twilding techniques, and principal components analysis. Results. Sixteen percent scored in the major depression range (EPDS > 12), and 14% in the minor depression range. Depression was associated with stress, neuroticism, purpose/meaning, mother's distress and (marginally) religious belief, but not with self-esteem, mother's ambivalence, age, parity or social class. Although neuroticism was strongly associated with depression, and also overlapped with most psycho-social variables, nonetheless stress, purpose/meaning, and mother's distress maintained significant relationships with depression after neuroticism was statistically controlled. Stress was associated in part with the perception of losing one's freedom in the motherhood role (neuroticism controlled). When resilience was defined as high stress coupled with low depression, it was associated with low levels of neuroticism and mother's distress. When resilience was defined in terms of high levels of maternal satisfaction, it was associated with high purpose and low ambivalence. Principal components analyses revealed that (1) stress scores reflected two dimensions suggestive of distress and self-efficacy; and (2) depression, stress, neuroticism, self-esteem and purpose were markers for the same underlying component, whereas mother's distress and ambivalence were markers for another (unrelated) component. Conclusion. This study underlines the relevance of temperament, self-efficacy, self-transcendence, existential beliefs and motherhood-related cogniitions to the understanding of PN depression and stress.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Bumberry, Laura. "Personality and behavioral patterns of juvenile offenders as measured by the MACI and the CBCL." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1386596850.
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Forneris, Tanya Elizabeth. "Social Emotional Development in School: The Anatomy of One School's Role in Adolescent Female Development." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1322.
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Social and emotional learning enables individuals to recognize and manage emotions, develop caring and concern for others, make responsible decisions, establish and maintain positive relationships, handle challenging situations effectively, achieve academically, and lead a healthy lifestyle. Research has shown that competent young people who are socially and emotionally competent are more likely to succeed both academically and personally and have strong personal and interpersonal skills. The purpose of this study was to examine one school's process in helping its students develop both socially and emotionally. For this study social-emotional learning was examined using the individual competencies and guidelines for schools outlined by the Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL). Individual interviews were conducted with four teachers, seven school personnel, nine alumnae, four students, and four parents. Focus groups were also conducted with students from each of the four grade levels and students completed personal reflections. In addition, the researcher observed many events throughout the school year. A number of themes emerged from the interviews, personal reflections and observations that overlapped among the different groups of participants. These themes included: the care and support provided by the teachers to the students, the opportunities for the students to be involved and become contributing members in their school and communities; the availability of structured activities to enhance relationships among peers; incorporation of values in the curriculum; having a strong and caring leader; and the structure of the school being small and all female. These results support previous research related to the enhancement of social-emotional development and parallel thefive recommendations outlined by CASEL related to how schools as institutions can promote social-emotional development.
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Howison, Luke. "Sex differences in the relation of aggression to social dominance orientation and right wing authoritarianism : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Psychology /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/515.
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Wills, Angelica. "Characteristics of Fame-Seeking Individuals Who Completed or Attempted Mass Murder in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7097.
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Previous researchers have found mass murderers characterized as loners, victims of bullying, goths, and individuals who had a psychotic break. A gap in the literature that remained concerned the motive and mindset of mass murderers before their attack, particularly those who seek fame, and why they are motivated by such violent intentions. The purpose of this study was to provide a deeper analysis of the characteristics of fame-seeking individuals who have completed or attempted mass murder, as well as insight into their behavior on social media. The conceptual framework consisted of a constructivist model, which guided the exploration the purposeful sample of 12 Americans who completed or attempted mass murder. The research questions aligned with themes provided by Bandura's social learning theory, Sulloway's theory of birth order and family dynamics, Millon and Davis's psychopathy theories, O'Toole's findings on the copycat effect, and Lankford's criteria for fame-seeking mass murderers, and guided an analysis of open-source data. Six main themes among fame-seeking individuals in the United States who had completed or attempted mass murder emerged: (a) fame as primary motivation, (b) preoccupation with violence, (c) presence of specific role models/copycat behavior, (d) strong opinions about society/racial groups, (e) symptoms of narcissism/mood disorder/personality disorder, and (f) failed relationships. These findings add to the knowledge about mass murder and fame seeking. Social change may occur through recommended evaluation of and improvements in current mental health approaches, improved threat assessment, expanded education on characteristics of mass murderers, and dissemination of information related to mass murder.
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Dreher, Kevin Clark. "College Student Vulnerability to Harmful Religious Groups Based on Perceptions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1957.
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This study was conducted in an attempt to understand which, if any, groups of college students are susceptible to cult influence based on false perceptions. Religion is a powerful practice that, if used for the wrong reasons, can influence a person to dissolve social and financial relationships with family, friends, and the surrounding community. Surveys were given to randomly selected cluster samples of students currently enrolled at the university. These surveys consisted of demographic questions and a scale designed to measure perceptions. Also devised was a scale to measure traits of depression. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis showed that the depression scale was more significant than the perceptions scale in measuring vulnerability.
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Holmgren, Johan. "Psychology of Political Leaders : a case study of George W Bush." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Political Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1164.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether the individual political leader is important for the analysis of international relations. Traditionally the focus of investigation in international relations has been on the nation-state, or the systems level, and as a result the individual level has been somewhat neglected. Using the theory of political psychology there is a possibility of finding nuances that might not be found if the focus of the investigation is on the nation-state. With the help of key concepts such as personality, emotion, cognition, and social identity decision making that has affected world politics have been examined. An empirical examination of the political psychology has been made by applying the theory to a case study, George W Bush. By applying the theory of political psychology to the decision making process used by George W Bush and his Administration it will be shown that the individual can impact world politics, especially in the case of the invasion of Iraq. Furthermore, one of the flaws of the theory of political psychology, its problem in handling the concept of global terrorism, is briefly discussed. The conclusion that has been drawn in this thesis is that the individual level of analysis is just as important as the systems level or the domestic level of analysis.
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Giehl, John Anthony. "The effect of visual warm-up tasks upon Rorschach color responses of incarcerated male delinquents." Scholarly Commons, 1992. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2945.
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This study investigated the relationship between two warm-up interventions and subsequent Rorschach Inkblot Technique color responses from incarcerated wards of the California Youth Authority. The intent was to generate a greater number of color responses so as to better evaluate the delinquent's method of handling emotional situations. The experimental group's thirty subjects each worked individually with the examiner on the chromatic materials of the Representational Stencils Design (RSD) task. Each subject was then administered the Rorschach Inkblots. The control group's thirty subjects worked individually with the examiner on the achromatic materials of the Organization of The Dots (OTD) task; then each subject received administration of the Rorschach. The research hypotheses, in null form, stated that there would be no significant differences between groups: (1) in total number of responses, (2) in total number of color responses, (3) in the number and distribution of impulsive (CF + C) and controlled (FC) color responses. Four t-tests, using the.05 level that findings were due to chance, analyzed comparison of mean differences between groups. Two chi-squares were conducted at the.05 level to compare the number and distribution of color and non-color responses and the number and distribution of impulsive and controlled color responses between groups. The experimental RSD group did produce a statistically greater number and proportion of controlled color responses than did the control OTD group. There was no significant difference between groups in total number of responses, neither in total number of color responses nor in number of impulsive color responses. This is meaningful in light of Rorschach's color/emotion construct which suggests that the way one manages color response on the cards also reflects how one handles emotional situations. Therein, delinquents within the experimental group appeared to have processed color within a better integrated, more mature, reflective response style.
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Asgarian, Marcia M. "MCMI-III profiles of pedophiles and victim selection." Scholarly Commons, 2000. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2435.
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This study used the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III to examine the relationship of psychopathology and victim selection of young adult pedophiles convicted of Penal Code 288 (a). The sample consisted of 64 felons, aged 18 to 24, incarcerated at the California Youth Authority. Significant differences were not discovered between the group means of male or female victims or between familial and non-familial victims. Individual scale elevations above the Base Rate of 75 were significant between the groups. Depressive traits were reported for pedophiles who had both male and female victims and Dependent traits for only male victims. Incest offenders reported both Self-Defeating traits and problems associated with Drug Dependence. Non-familial offenders reported Paranoid personality traits. The results suggest that pedophilic interest is characterized by an independent, active, and defensive personality and also by a passive, dependent, drug dependent personality style, all contributing to molest potential. This group of pedophiles can be considered heterogeneous and cannot be characterized by any one diagnostic category.
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Guerrettaz, Jean. "Reflections on the Self and Others: The Influence of Clarity on Interpersonal Judgments." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1308080401.
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Rosenthal, Laura B. "Giving to Get: An Exploration of the Role of Narcissism and Impulsivity in Charitable Giving." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/648.
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Narcissists are not generally thought of as altruistic individuals. There are certain conditions, however, that may meet the needs of narcissistic individuals and thus elicit altruistic behavior. These conditions include recognition for the act, or adding to narcissists’ already high opinion of themselves through executing the act. Because narcissists also demonstrate impulsivity, it is also possible that a time pressure may induce narcissists as well as impulsive individuals to act altruistically. The aim of this study is to determine in what context, if any, narcissistic and impulsive individuals may display acts of altruism, specifically charitable giving. This study uses a 2 (recognized vs. unrecognized) x 2 (time limited vs. time unlimited) between groups design. Participants will complete a Stop Signal task, a charitable giving task in which recognition and time limit are manipulated, demographic questions, and two measures of narcissism. The expected results are that higher scores on overt narcissism will lead participants to donate in conditions in which they receive recognition for their donation. Higher scores on covert narcissism will lead participants to donate in conditions where they are not recognized. Individuals with higher impulsivity scores as determined by the Stop Signal task will donate in time pressured conditions over time unlimited. And furthermore, impulsivity will act as a mediator between narcissism and charitable giving in time-limited conditions. Finally, implications of these results and future directions for research are discussed.
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Howard, Scott. "The correlation of defensive responses between mothers and sons: An attachment perspective." Scholarly Commons, 2004. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2429.
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A child's internalized regulatory system and development of defenses is patterned after the parent-child attachment system. Therefore, measuring defenses can provide information about the quality of the internalized attachment relationship. This study examined the correlation of defenses in mother-son pairs. It examined defensive behaviors utilizing the Rorschach Test, as responses to the Rorschach are useful in describing a person's basic defensive functions. The study found that the defenses of regression, repression, avoidance, a personal defense stance and the quality of inner resources were positively correlated between mothers and sons. These correlations were .74, .53, .50, .48, and .44 respectively. This data indicates that, for this sample, a mother and son's defensive behaviors were correlated across several variables. These results suggest the Rorschach may be a useful instrument in studying the sequelae of the attachment relationship. This method may also offer the family therapist insights into what defenses are currently activated in the parent-child relationship.
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Kofmehl, Joel Joseph. "Online Versus In-Person Therapy: Effect of Client Demographics and Personality Characteristics." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3108.
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Traditionally, mental health professionals have provided psychotherapeutic services through face-to-face sessions. As the Internet has become an increasingly important part of individuals' personal and professional lives, psychologists and clients have used this medium to expand access to psychotherapy. The purpose of this quantitative correlational design was to investigate whether demographic variables and the personality traits of extroversion/introversion (E/I), as assessed by the Big Five Inventory, predicted clients' preferences for a specific method of administered psychotherapy. The theoretical framework for this study was social information processing through computer-mediated communication. An online survey site was used to assist in survey design and data collection, and 301 individuals participated in the study. Results of the Pearson correlation indicated that age was negatively correlated with use of online therapy (p = .038). The variables of region, race, and E/I had no statistically significant effect on the use of online versus in-person therapy (all p values > .05). Findings reflected larger social trends that decisions to seek online therapy fall along lines of diversity related to age and technological knowledge. Recommendations include engaging older patients in opportunities for participating in online therapeutic services, as well as further research on the relationship between cultural diversity and online therapy. These results can inform practitioners and the community about the importance of expanding access to psychotherapeutic services for individuals who need them, which will in turn be an important component of positive social change.
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Brooks, Rebecca. "Religiousness, Coping, and Locus of Control as Predictors of Anxiety." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1887.
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In order to evaluate the cognitive appraisal and meaning-making components of the Transactional Model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) and Meaning-making Model (Park & Folkman, 1997) of coping, several specific forms of appraisal and coping strategies were analyzed in the present study. It has been proposed that religiousness and time influence the meaning-making process (Park, 2005); therefore, an interaction of intrinsic religiousness and time were key variables in the study as well. A survey designed to address relationships among locus of control, type of situation, intrinsic religious orientation, specific coping styles, and maladaptive psychological symptoms was administered to 240 students of a regional university. Evidence was found for the importance of primary cognitive appraisal, but no evidence was found for the interaction of intrinsic religious orientation and time on meaning-making coping or psychological symptoms.
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Sadeq, Nasreen A. "Home-based Cognitive Monitoring: The Role of Personality and Predictors of Adherence and Satisfaction." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7921.
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Over the last several decades, a growing awareness of the benefits of regular screening for common health conditions, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, has paved the way for preventative screenings to become routine in medical settings. Given that cognitive impairment is frequently reported as the number one worry of older adults, home-based cognitive monitoring may be an innovative solution that allows middle aged and older adults to take an active role in monitoring an important aspect of their health. Although several home-based cognitive monitoring programs have been validated for use in clinical and home-based settings, the Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) may be the leading candidate based on its brevity, reliability, and lack of practice effects. Although home-based monitoring via the CBB tends to be well-received by participants, it remains unclear how participant characteristics such as personality traits may affect their performance over time. In addition, the factors related to participants’ adherence and satisfaction with regular cognitive monitoring have yet to be examined.
Addressing these unknowns are important, as they can help determine what to expect in terms of participant performance, adherence, and satisfaction, if home-based cognitive monitoring was implemented on a population-wide level in the future. This study examined how personality traits influenced cognitive performance over time on the CBB and explored participant adherence and satisfaction with regular cognitive monitoring over 60 months, using quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of cognitively healthy older adults recruited from communities in central Florida (N=158).
Statistical analyses of the quantitative data using mixed effects models showed that personality traits were associated with performance on the CBB; in particular, higher conscientiousness was related to more accurate performance at baseline and improvements in speed over time. In addition, higher openness was associated with less accurate performance at baseline and slower, yet more accurate performance over time. In general, participants’ performance was relatively stable over time and fluctuations in performance occurred mostly in the first year of the study. Intraindividual variability also decreased over time, with significant decreases in variability occurring in participants who were higher in conscientiousness and openness.
Mixed methods analyses of the data also suggested that participants liked their overall experience with the CBB, exhibited good study adherence over time, and were able to complete their monthly assessments with a high degree of independence. The themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis of participants’ study feedback suggest that most participants liked that CBB was easy, convenient to use, and provided them with a way to challenge themselves. However, some participants disliked one task in particular and felt that the CBB eventually became repetitive.
The findings from both studies are useful for future applications of cognitive monitoring programs, as they would help improve the accuracy of conclusions drawn from participants’ performance and could also lead to the development of strategies that encourage long-term participation among individuals whom low study adherence and satisfaction is likely.
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Lanham, Michelle E. "The Relationship Between Gratitude and Burnout in Mental Health Professionals." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1322754714.
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Brown, Genna L. "The Future of Narcissus: The Relationship of Narcissism to Expectations of the Future as Mediated by Anxiety, Depression, Impulsivity, and Sense of Control." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/645.
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The last few decades have seen a growing body of research on narcissism, however few studies have examined the relationship between subclinical narcissism and future orientation. The proposed study will examine how grandiose and vulnerable types of narcissism influence future orientation, and whether anxiety, depression, impulsivity and sense of control play mediating roles in this relationship. It is also hypothesized that anxiety will play a mediating role between future orientation and vulnerable narcissism, but not between grandiose narcissism and future orientation. Finally, it is hypothesized that grandiose and vulnerable narcissism will be correlated within individuals. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) will be used to test the hypotheses, and the a priori model is expected to have a good fit to the data. This study will further our understanding about how narcissists view their futures, and whether this is influenced by mediating factors.
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Shaffer, Elizabeth Ann. "Effects of Peer-Monitored Social Skills Training on Measures of Social Acceptance." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1281660194.
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Merwin, Daniel Scott. "Emotional empathy and reasons for living in substance-using college students." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0425103-004702/unrestricted/MerwinD050503a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0425103-004702. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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White, Nathan. "An Empirical Investigation into the Role that Boredom, Relationships, Anxiety, and Gratification (BRAG) Play in a Driver’s Decision to Text." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/71.
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Texting while driving is a growing problem that has serious, and sometimes fatal, consequences. Despite laws enacted to curb this behavior, the problem continues to grow. Discovering factors that can reduce such risky behavior can significantly contribute to research, as well as save lives and reduce property damage. This study developed a model to explore the motivations that cause a driver to send messages. The model evaluates the effects that boredom, social relationships, social anxiety, and social gratification (BRAG) have upon a driver’s frequency of typing text messages. In addition, the perceived severity of the consequences and the presence of a passenger were also be evaluated for any moderating effects on a driver’s texting. Furthermore, a set of hypotheses based on the BRAG model were presented. To investigate these hypotheses, a survey instrument was developed and data was collected from 297 respondents at a mid-sized regional university in the Pacific North west of the United States. Prior to the distribution of the survey, an expert panel and a pilot study were used to ensure the reliability of the instrument.
Partial least squares structured equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate the predictive validity of the BRAG model. This evaluation included an assessment of the reflective measures, as well as a detailed analysis of the structural model. Additionally, knowledge visualization techniques were used to emphasize the significance of the findings. The results of this analysis showed that the social gratification one receives from maintaining their social relationships is a significant predictor of texting while driving. Additionally, the results showed that drivers continued to text, regardless of the consequences. However, boredom and social anxiety were not significant predictors of texting while driving.
This study makes important contributions to the information systems body of knowledge and has implications for state and local lawmakers, in addition to public health officials. Prior research has shown that bored or anxious individuals use texting to relieve those feelings of discomfort. However, this study did not extend those findings to drivers. As this study found that laws banning texting while driving do not deter this behavior, public health officials and lawmakers should investigate other means of deterring texting while driving, given the significant impact it has on the increase of fatal car accidents in recent years.
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Visser, Preston Lee. "Positive Psychological and Religious Characteristics as Moderators of Negative Life Events and Depressive Symptoms: A Multiethnic Comparison." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1884.
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Hope, optimism, and several markers of religiosity and spirituality were examined as potential moderators of the association between negative life events and depressive symptoms in a secondary data analysis of an ethnically diverse sample. Participants (267 female, 119 male) were college students enrolled at an urban Northeastern university. It was hypothesized that negative life events would be associated with increased depressive symptoms and that higher levels of hope, optimism, and religious and spiritual variables would attenuate this relationship. Ethnically-stratified moderation analyses were conducted to assess for differences in moderation between Blacks, Hispanics, Whites, and Asians. Hypotheses were generally supported, with some ethnic variation in findings. Although hope and optimism predicted decreased depressive symptoms in Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites, optimism was a significant moderator in Whites only. Measures of religiosity were significant moderators among Blacks as well as Whites. Clinical and research implications are explored based on the extant literature.
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McKelvey, Daniel Kevin. "Identity Discrepancy, Male Role Norms, and Mental and Physical Health." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1500.
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Male gender role norms were considered from a self-discrepancy perspective. The male gender role was divided into 4 perspective domain combinations based on the participant's perceptions: self-ideal/ought, other-ideal/ought, self-actual, other-actual. These categories were assessed using an adapted form of the Male Role Norms Inventory-Revised (Levant et al., 2007). It was hypothesized that large discrepancies between the perspective domains in a male's gender role concept would be significantly related to depression, anxiety, and lower general health quality, and this relationship would be moderated by the centrality of the perspective domains to the participant's gender role concept and by the centrality of the male gender role to the person's identity. High self-ideal vs. low self-actual discrepancy was related to increased depression and anxiety when moderated by perspective domain centralities. High other-ideal vs. low other or self-actual discrepancies were related to lower reported health quality.
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Merema, Matthew Robert. "The Distinct Contributions of Affective Distress and Personality to Memory Complaints Made in Older Adulthood." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1467.
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Whilst a substantial amount of research has investigated the role of affective distress and features of personality in memory complaints made by older adults, little effort has been directed towards understanding their distinct contributions to complaints. Given considerable overlap between affective distress and features of personality, such evidence is necessary to inform theoretical frameworks pertaining to memory complaints and clarify results from other empirical studies examining these concepts. Consequently, the current study examined symptoms of depression and anxiety as predictors of memory complaints within the context of features of personality and other relevant contextual variables (i.e., age, gender, education, premorbid intellectual functioning and memory performance) utilizing a correlational design. Study participants included 177 (115 females, 62 males) community-dwelling older adults between 65 and 90 years of age. The results of the study unanimously suggested that affective distress (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptomatology) was not associated with memory complaints beyond pertinent features of personality and other relevant contextual variables. This finding was consistent regardless of how memory complaints were assessed (i.e., General Frequency of Forgetting scores or via a global, dichotomous measure) or how affective distress was conceptualized (i.e., overall or specific features of depression and anxiety). The results suggest changes to several theoretical frameworks in the memory complaint literature are necessary, if the results can be replicated with different variable measures. From a clinical perspective, the results of the current study suggest older adults complaining of memory difficulties may exhibit an ongoing risk of symptoms of depression and anxiety. In addition, the results also help to clarify why cognitively-healthy older adults who complain of memory problems exhibit an increased risk of subsequent dementia.
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Grant, Jennifer Tegan. "The Effect of Gambling on Religious and Spiritual Struggles." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1555085953188635.
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Hartman, Lynne I. "A Narrative Study of Emotions Associated with Negative Childhood Experiences Reported in the Adult Attachment Interview." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1443730177.
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