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Journal articles on the topic 'Social sciences -> psychology -> biological/physiological psychology'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Zahoor, Rubina. "The Science And Physiological Benefits Behind Purposefully Choosing Positive Thoughts." Journal of Science & Technology 02, no. 04 (2021): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/jst.2021.2402.

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In an effort to strengthen conceptual foundations of eudaimonic well-being, key messages from Aristotle’s Nichomacean Ethics are revisited. Also examined are ideas about positive human functioning from existential and utilitarian philosophy as well as clinical, developmental, and humanistic psychology. How these perspectives were integrated to create a multidimensional model of psychological well-being [Ryff, C.D.: 1989a, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57(6), pp. 1069–1081] is described, and empirical evidence supporting the factorial validity of the model is briefly noted. Life course and socioeconomic correlates of well-being are examined to underscore the point that opportunities for eudaimonic well-being are not equally distributed. Biological correlates (cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, immune) of psychological well-being are also briefly noted as they suggest possible health benefits associated with living a life rich in purpose and meaning, continued growth, and quality ties to others. We conclude with future challenges in carrying the eudaimonic vision forward.

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Barkow, Jerome H. "Précis ofDarwin, sex and status: Biological approaches to mind and culture." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14, no. 2 (June 1991): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00066711.

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AbstractDarwin, Sex and Statusargues that a human sociobiology that mistakes evolutionary theory for theories of psychology and culture is wrong, as are psychologies that could never have evolved or social sciences that posit impossible psychologies. Status develops theories of human self-awareness, cognition, and cultural capacity that are compatible with evolutionary theory. Recurring themes include: the importance of sexual selection in human evolution; our species' preoccupation with self-esteem and relative standing; the individual as an active strategist, regularly revising culturally provided information; and awareness as an impressionmanagement device. Culture is a somewhat structured information pool that itself evolves, often in ways that reduce the genetic fitness of its participants.

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Chernego, D. I., M. Y. Vasilyeva, and R. Z. Mukhamedrahimov. "The Impact of Early Institutionalization Experience on Child Development: Biological Indicators, Physiological Mechanisms, Behavioral Characteristics." Social Psychology and Society 14, no. 2 (July 10, 2023): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2023140202.

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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>Systematization and generalization of research data on the impact of early institutionalization on biological indicators of children's development, and a description of the underlying physiological mechanisms and relations between biological indicators and their behavioral manifestations in children.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background. </strong>Early deprivation is a significant social-psychological factor that dramatically affects the subsequent mental health and development of children. To date, a wide amount of data on the biological effects of early institutional deprivation has been accumulated in the research literature while this information is little represented in Russia. To understand the specificity of the biological and behavioral development of children with institutionalization experience transferred from Russian institutions into domestic adoptive or foster care families there is a need to analyze, systematize and generalize information on bio-behavioral consequences of early institutionalization.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Research results indicate in children with early institutional experience a significant change in biological development manifested in negative changes in morphofunctional development and microstructural organization of the brain, and characteristics of its activity, in cortisol secretion, violations of immunity, changes in DNA methylation profiling, in microbiome. Biological changes and their behavioral correlates are associated with such institutional conditions as the severity of deprivation and duration of institutionalization (the age of the child's transfer from institution to family). In order to prevent developmental, somatic and mental health disorders associated with the long-term impact of early deprivation, the state policy in the field of early childhood and the work of the professional society have to fulfil the rights of the child to live in the family in relationship with sensitive and responsive emotionally available primary caregivers.</p>

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Bridgeman, Bruce. "It is not evolutionary models, but models in general that social science needs." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 4 (August 2006): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06279081.

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Mathematical models are potentially as useful for culture as for evolution, but cultural models must have different designs from genetic models. Social sciences must borrow from biology the idea of modeling, rather than the structure of models, because copying the product is fundamentally different from copying the design. Transfer of most cultural information from brains to artificial media increases the differences between cultural and biological information.

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Fabrega, Jr., Horacio. "Biological evolution of cognition and culture: Off Arbib's mirror-neuron system stage?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 2 (April 2005): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05280032.

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Arbib offers a comprehensive, elegant formulation of brain/language evolution; with significant implications for social as well as biological sciences. Important psychological antecedents and later correlates are presupposed; their conceptual enrichment through protosign and protospeech is abbreviated in favor of practical communication. What culture “is” and whether protosign and protospeech involve a protoculture are not considered. Arbib also avoids dealing with the question of evolution of mind, consciousness, and self.

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Maynard, Brandy R., Brian B. Boutwell, Michael G. Vaughn, Sandra Naeger, and Nathaniel Dell. "Biosocial Research in Social Work Journals." Research on Social Work Practice 28, no. 2 (November 19, 2015): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731515615678.

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Background: Despite an emphasis on a biopsychosocial understanding of human behavior and the relevance of biosocial research to social work practice, it is unclear whether social work is contributing to biosocial research and knowledge. Methods: Systematic review procedures were employed to locate studies that included biological variables (e.g., genetic or physiological factors) related to behavior and were published in a social work journal between 2000 and 2015. Seventy-five social work journals were searched. Studies were screened and coded by two independent reviewers. Results: Eleven studies were eligible for this review; one was a behavior genetics study, two were molecular genetics studies, two were neurological studies, and six studies examined physiological factors such as skin conductance and salivary cortisol. Discussion: Findings suggest that social work as a discipline is not contributing new knowledge to advance the “bio” component of the biopsychosocial framework. Implications and recommendations are discussed.

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Borsboom, Denny. "Evolutionary theory and the riddle of the universe." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 4 (August 2006): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06269085.

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An effective restructuring of the social sciences around the evolutionary model requires that evolutionary theory has explanatory power with respect to the spread of cultural traits: The causal mechanisms involved should be structurally analogous to those of biological evolution. I argue that this is implausible because phenotypical consequences of cultural traits are not causally relevant to their chances of “survival.”

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Weisfeld, Glenn E., and Peter LaFreniere. "Emotions, not just decision-making processes, are critical to an evolutionary model of human behavior." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07000866.

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An evolutionary model of human behavior should privilege emotions: essential, phylogenetically ancient behaviors that learning and decision making only subserve. Infants and non-mammals lack advanced cognitive powers but still survive. Decision making is only a means to emotional ends, which organize and prioritize behavior. The emotion of pride/shame, or dominance striving, bridges the social and biological sciences via internalization of cultural norms.

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Curtis, Valerie, Mícheál de Barra, and Robert Aunger. "Disgust as an adaptive system for disease avoidance behaviour." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1563 (February 12, 2011): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0117.

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Disgust is an evolved psychological system for protecting organisms from infection through disease avoidant behaviour. This ‘behavioural immune system’, present in a diverse array of species, exhibits universal features that orchestrate hygienic behaviour in response to cues of risk of contact with pathogens. However, disgust is also a dynamic adaptive system. Individuals show variation in pathogen avoidance associated with psychological traits like having a neurotic personality, as well as a consequence of being in certain physiological states such as pregnancy or infancy. Three specialized learning mechanisms modify the disgust response: the Garcia effect, evaluative conditioning and the law of contagion. Hygiene behaviour is influenced at the group level through social learning heuristics such as ‘copy the frequent’. Finally, group hygiene is extended symbolically to cultural rules about purity and pollution, which create social separations and are enforced as manners. Cooperative hygiene endeavours such as sanitation also reduce pathogen prevalence. Our model allows us to integrate perspectives from psychology, ecology and cultural evolution with those of epidemiology and anthropology. Understanding the nature of disease avoidance psychology at all levels of human organization can inform the design of programmes to improve public health.

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Strizhitskaya, O. Y., and M. D. Petrash. "Construction of Productive Ageing: Biological, Psychological and Environmental Factors." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 30, no. 1 (2022): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2022300102.

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Introduction. The construction of old age is a set of strategies to create and implement the image of the desired old age. The article considers biological, psychological and environmental factors from the point of view of their modeling, which lend themselves to the possibility of creating, managing and eliminating certain mechanisms, depending on their role in the structure of aging. Objective. The work is devoted to systematization of scientific data on aging and the mechanisms of maintaining the quality of life during the aging period. The article examines biological, psychological, social and environmental factors that affect the specifics of aging. Methods. Theoretical analysis of modern research in the field of the psychology of aging. Results and conclusions. It has been shown that genetic and physiological mechanisms are not unconditional predictors of aging, but can be modified. At the same time, psychological and social factors lend themselves only to conditional modeling. The most flexible at this stage are various environmental factors that make it possible to significantly correct aging trends. The analysis showed that the factors and mechanisms known at this stage can be conditionally divided into modeled, conditionally modeled and difficult to model. At the same time, among such factors, conditional and easily modeled ones prevail, which allows us to develop the idea of construction of aging at earlier stages. The data indicate that the mechanisms of subjectivity underlie the possibilities of constructing aging, and the basis for the formation of strategies is adequate and positive representations of one’s own aging.

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Kornas-Biela, Dorota. "The Paradigm of Unity in Prenatal Education and Pedagogy." Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration 19, no. 1-2 (July 17, 2014): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10241-012-0017-3.

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Abstract The traditional approach to the relation between parents and their prenatal child presents the child as a fetus, a mainly passive recipient of the mother’s vital biological resources. Contemporary prenatal psychology and pedagogy recognizes this relationship in a quite different perspective: the prenatal child is a member of the family and may be seen as an active member of the wider family as a community, extended to grandparents and other relatives. Between parents and their child in the womb exists a reciprocal relationship at a physiological (hormonal), psychological and spiritual level. The prenatal child communicates with the parents in different ways and reacts to their stimulation (acoustic, tactile, loco-motoric, chemo-receptive, thermo-receptive, and emotional). This dialogue of the parents and their prenatal child enriches each member of the family community. In this sense, the prenatal child is a gift and a challenge for the parents to develop their personality, social competences and spiritual life. The reflections presented in this paper fit the conception of the paradigm of unity applied into the area of prenatal education and prenatal pedagogy as a new pedagogical subdisciline. The concept of paradigm in the philosophy of science was introduced by T. Kuhn (1962). In his understanding, paradigm means a mental breakthrough in the way of ujmowaniu/describing/approaching the subject of study, and/or in the research methods used, but above all in the theoretical and systemic vision of reality, which is the basis for formulating research questions and hypotheses, operationalising the research procedure, analyzing the obtained research results and a theoretical interpretation of these results. To Kuhn, a paradigm may be understood in such way only in the natural sciences, when new visions of the studied natural reality appear. This is accompanied by a mental change in the cognitive schema itself of understanding reality not only for the creator of this vision, but also in its/his/her broader scientific environment. Kuhn considered the most eminent example of such appearing paradigm in the history of science to be the Copernican revolution, thanks to which the view on the world of nature surrounding the human being has completely changed and there was a mental breakthrough in the 15th and 16th century not only in the area of science, but also in the worldview of people of those times, for whom the world has become more open and broad. Kuhn, however, did not consider a paradigm to be a methodological concept in the humanities or social sciences. He was of the opinion that they must first mature more and make their methodological status more precise if one wishes to talk about a paradigm in these sciences. A scientific event that gave an occasion to reflect on the possibility of introducing the concept of paradigm into social sciences was the occasion of granting the title of doctor honoris causa in the field of social sciences by the Catholic University of Lublin to Chiara Lubich. The Focolare movement, also called The Movement of Unity, founded and led by her, introduced, a new approach to the area of human relations at every level (interpersonal, family, local society, economic relations, intra- and inter-denominational dialogue). The arguments for granting the title included the fact that the practical activity of Ch. Lubich in various areas of social integration may be described as a Copernican revolution in the cultural-religious relations, and even in social-economical ones, according to the new paradigm, understood practically, which may be called a paradigm of unity. It was stressed that these activities may play a serious/significant inspiring role in the methodological reflections on the paradigm of unity in the social sciences (Biela, 1996). Such reflections were actually brought up first generally in the social sciences (Biela, 2006), and then within the methodology of psychology (Biela, 2009) and education (Kozubek, 2009). At present, one may consider introducing this paradigm into prenatal education and pedagogy.

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McAllister, Lisa S., Gillian V. Pepper, Sandra Virgo, and David A. Coall. "The evolved psychological mechanisms of fertility motivation: hunting for causation in a sea of correlation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1692 (April 19, 2016): 20150151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0151.

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Cultural, ecological, familial and physiological factors consistently influence fertility behaviours, however, the proximate psychological mechanisms underlying fertility decisions in humans are poorly understood. Understanding the psychological mechanisms underlying human fertility may illuminate the final processes by which some of these known predictors have their influence. To date, research into the psychological mechanisms underlying fertility has been fragmented. Aspects of reproductive psychology have been examined by researchers in a range of fields, but the findings have not been systematically integrated in one review. We provide such a review, examining current theories and research on psychological mechanisms of fertility. We examine the methods and populations used in the research, as well as the disciplines and theoretical perspectives from which the work has come. Much of the work that has been done to date is methodologically limited to examining correlations between ecological, social and economic factors and fertility. We propose, and support with examples, the use of experimental methods to differentiate causal factors from correlates. We also discuss weaknesses in the experimental research, including limited work with non-WEIRD (western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic) populations.

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SHIOTA, Shoichi, Shin-ichi OURA, and Mariko MATSUMOTO. "Maladaptive fantasy predicts negatively distorted self and other mental representation: A consideration of child abuse from psycho/neuro/biological perspectives." Environment and Social Psychology 9, no. 7 (April 9, 2024): 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.59429/esp.v9i7.2079.

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Child abuse is a prevalent public health issue with one half of children worldwide experiencing some form of violence. Child abuse is associated with a myriad of impacts across the lifespan such as mental and physical illness, academic performance, and employment. For this reason, individual’s psychological functions such as emotional regulation, autobiographical memory and self, and psychological connection with others are changed by child abuse. However, to best of our knowledge, there is still much unknowns about the mechanism underlying these changes. In this article, we focusing on the relationships between fantasy and metacognition and its biological and neurological bases, and functional change of them caused by child abuse. Then, we also explain the effects of them for other psychological function in abused individual. In case of child abuse, there is suggests that children immerse themselves fantastic world in order to escape from the tragic experiences that are repeated on a daily living by the caregiver. In this process, functions that recognize the real world, such as metacognition, not functioning. Rather, there is consider that children refuse to develop metacognition in order to avoid realizing the truth of the real world. As results, it does not seem to develop child’s emotional regulative function such as metacognition. The experience of being continuously hurt by a caregiver and the image of being hurt are thought to change to maladaptive fantasy or autobiographical shame memory. Then, both maladaptive fantasy and autobiographical shame memory are lead to formed negatively distorted and unstable mental images of self and other. Finally, we discuss two potential new interventions such as picture book and breathing technique for abused children.

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Savastano, Hernán I., and Ralph R. Miller. "RETRACTED: Biological significance and posttraining changes in conditioned responding." Learning and Motivation 34, no. 3 (August 2003): 303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0023-9690(03)00012-2.

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Savastano, Hernán I., and Ralph R. Miller. "Retraction notice to “Biological significance and posttraining changes in conditioned responding” [Learning and Motivation 34 (3) (2003) 303–324]." Learning and Motivation 38, no. 1 (February 2007): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2007.01.001.

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Hammond, Michaela, Christian Ryan, Alison Garvey, and Aoife Dwyer. "Clinicians’ Views on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy: A Mixed Method Systematic Review." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 17, no. 2 (May 1, 2023): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/emdr-2022-0020.

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This mixed methods systematic review aimed to provide insight into the clinicians’ views and experiences of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Seven electronic databases (PsychINFO, Public MEDLINE [PubMed], Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], Scopus, Web of Science and Excerpta Medica Database [EMBASE], and Applied Social Sciences Index) and grey literature (ProQuest and Google Scholar) were searched systematically from inception to October 2021. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and a convergent integrated approach was used to synthesize and integrate the data. In total, 14 studies were included: 7 qualitative, 5 mixed methods, and 2 quantitative, encompassing 1,065 participants. Thematic synthesis generated two overarching themes and seven subthemes. The first theme related to the facilitators and barriers clinicians experience in adopting and implementing EMDR, including the role of organizational support, clinician confidence, primary theoretical orientation, and client suitability and preparedness. The second theme related to the perceived advantages of EMDR, including rapid results and positive outcomes, client empowerment, and getting to the root of the issue. This review provides a helpful insight into the factors that influence the dissemination and implementation of psychological therapeutic approaches.

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Abdi, Naeem, Mohammad Malekzadeh, Zhila Fereidouni, Mohammad Behnammoghadam, Parisa Zaj, Mohammad Amin Mozaffari, Akbar Rostaminejad, and Zaker Salehi. "Efficacy of EMDR Therapy on the Pain Intensity and Subjective Distress of Cancer Patients." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/emdr-d-20-00036.

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The present study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in treating pain and subjective distress of patients with cancer. A randomized controlled trial was performed on patients with cancer suffering from moderate to severe cancer pain in Yasuj, Iran, in 2019 and 2020. Sixty patients aged 30–60 years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected using a consensus sampling technique. Patients were randomly assigned to EMDR therapy or control groups based on random block allocation. EMDR therapy was administered in six to eight daily 1-hour sessions. The control group received the standard treatment provided by the hospital. A Numeric Pain-Rating Scale (NRS) and the Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS) were used to assess pain and subjective distress before and after the intervention in each session. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and independent t test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The mean pain intensity and subjective distress score in the experimental group before and after the EMDR intervention were significantly reduced (p < .001). In the control group, no decreases in NRS and SUDS scores occurred at any time (p > .05). Differences in pain scores between the groups were statistically significant (p < .001). EMDR can effectively and sustainably reduce the pain and subjective distress experienced by patients with cancer. Thus, EMDR is a recommended therapeutic option to mitigate pain and subjective distress among patients with cancer.

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Scientific Council, National. "Excessive stress disrupts the development of brain architecture." Journal of Children's Services 9, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-01-2014-0006.

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Purpose – Drawing on the scientific literature, the purpose of this paper is to elucidate the harmful effects of toxic stress on the developing brain. It explains how severe, chronic adversity during development, in the absence of responsive caregiving, can impair brain architecture. It also outlines policy implications for preventing or mitigating the effects of toxic stress in early childhood. Design/methodology/approach – The National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, based at the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, is a multidisciplinary, multiuniversity panel of scholars that seeks to bring science to bear on public decision making. Council members selected excessive stress as a topic meriting translation for a general audience and conducted extensive peer review in drafting the paper's key scientific concepts. Findings – The paper discusses how healthy development can be derailed by excessive or prolonged activation of the biological stress response systems and how that increases lifetime risk for certain behavioural and physiological disorders. It finds that supportive relationships with caregivers can help buffer the negative consequences of toxic stress. Social implications – The paper calls for improvements to family support programmes, mental health services, and the quality and availability of early care and education. Originality/value – This paper describes an original taxonomy of positive, tolerable, and toxic stress and demonstrates the need to translate scientific knowledge about the developing brain into actionable strategies for the prevention and treatment of the effects of adverse childhood experiences.

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LeRoy, Angie S., C. Raymond Knee, Jaye L. Derrick, and Christopher P. Fagundes. "Implications for Reward Processing in Differential Responses to Loss: Impacts on Attachment Hierarchy Reorganization." Personality and Social Psychology Review 23, no. 4 (June 14, 2019): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868319853895.

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When an attachment relationship is severed, so is homeostatic maintenance, leading to dysregulation of multiple physiological systems. Expanding upon Sbarra and Hazan’s original model, we suggest that the degree to which an individual’s physiological systems remain dysregulated depends on the state of one’s attachment hierarchy—namely, whether an individual continues to seek a lost partner for support as their primary attachment figure. To recover from the loss of a romantic partner, an individual’s attachment hierarchy must be reorganized. Our model proposes that an individual will go through a series of physiological changes before their attachment hierarchy is reorganized, which can either help or hinder their recovery. We consider the role of reward processing, including endogenous opioids, in this recovery process. Along the way, we identify mechanisms for continued dysregulation of biological systems among those who take longer to recover from a loss.

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Masters, Roger D. "Biological Perspectives in the Social Sciences." Politics and the Life Sciences 13, no. 1 (February 1994): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400022401.

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From July 31 to August 6, 1993, the Gruter Institute for Law and Behavioral Research and the Nelson A. Rockefeller Center for the Social Sciences at Dartmouth College cosponsored a Faculty Seminar on “Biological Perspectives in the Social Sciences” at Dartmouth. Participants included scholars and graduate students from anthropology, communications, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology, as well as representatives from business and the public sector.

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Hart, Daniel, Debra Burock, Bonita London, Robert Atkins, and Gloria Bonilla‐Santiago. "The relation of personality types to physiological, behavioural, and cognitive processes." European Journal of Personality 19, no. 5 (August 2005): 391–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.547.

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Three personality types, labeled resilient, over‐controlled, and under‐controlled, were identified through cluster analysis of classroom observations of 63 children, and used to understand biological, cognitive, and behavioural processes that influence academic achievement and aggression. Resilient children were found to be high in trait cortisol and high in academic achievement. Under‐controlled and over‐controlled children showed the greatest change in cortisol levels under stress, low levels of academic achievement, and attributed hostility to others in ambiguous situations. Under‐controlled children also exhibited high levels of externalizing behaviour in the classroom. The findings suggest that the single processes or traits assessed in this study do not mediate the associations of personality types to academic achievement and behaviour. The implications of the findings for the personality type construct and for personality processes are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Eldredge, Niles. "Biological underpinnings of social systems." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 1989): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00025334.

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李, 文杰. "Social Perception from the Perspective of Psychology." Advances in Social Sciences 12, no. 09 (2023): 5464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ass.2023.129749.

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Krueger, Joachim I. "The flight from reasoning in psychology." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07000751.

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Psychological science can benefit from a theoretical unification with other social sciences. Social psychology in particular has gone through cycles of repression, denying itself the opportunity to see the calculating element in human interaction. A closer alignment with theories of evolution and theories of interpersonal (and intergroup) games would bring strategic reasoning back into the focus of research.

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SUAREZ, Franyelit M., Luis E. ORTIZ, and Luis D. ROSALES. "Stress psychology and its analysis from artificial intelligence." Espacios 41, no. 45 (November 26, 2020): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48082/espacios-a20v41n45p14.

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A review of emotions from cognitive brain processes is presented, taking into account some experimental neurobiological studies. Sensory systems, physiological reactions of the central nervous system, and emotional stimuli are evaluated. It is evident that subjective expressions and physical reactions of emotions are conditioned to social patterns, family customs and mainly to moral stereotypes of people. Artificial intelligence is used, with state vector machine for the pro-cessing of human biological signals. Among the observed characteristics, self-sanctioning emo-tions and those of empathy with the other prevail. Finally it was possible to recognize that the restriction of emotions in people can cause psychological behaviors that harm their relationship with the environment. It produces antisocial behaviors, lack of understanding of the feelings of others, breach of the rules, among other activities and social standards.

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Lee, Chioun, Christopher L. Coe, and Carol D. Ryff. "Social Disadvantage, Severe Child Abuse, and Biological Profiles in Adulthood." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 58, no. 3 (January 17, 2017): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146516685370.

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Guided by the stress process model and the life course perspective, we hypothesize: (1) that childhood abuse is concentrated, in terms of type and intensity, among socially disadvantaged individuals, and (2) that experiencing serious abuse contributes to poor biological profiles in multiple body systems in adulthood. Data came from the Biomarker subsample of Midlife in the United States (2004–2006). We used latent class analysis to identify distinct profiles of childhood abuse, each reflecting a combination of type and severity. Results indicate that disadvantaged groups, women, and those from disadvantaged families are at greater risk of experiencing more severe and multiple types of abuse. Those with more severe and multifaceted childhood abuse show greater physiological dysregulation. Childhood abuse experiences partially accounted for the social status differences in physiological profiles. Our findings underscore that differential exposure to serious childhood stressors plays a significant role in gender and class inequalities in adult health.

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Meyer, Dixie, Stephanie Barkley, Aaron Cohn, and Joanne Salas. "Couples in Love." Family Journal 26, no. 2 (April 2018): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480718770156.

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Counselors may be unaware of the physiological underpinnings of couple relationships. Understanding emotions as physiological responses resulting from autonomic arousal, we measured couples’ heart rate across a series of typical conversations. Forty-nine heterosexual and one lesbian couple completed measures of emotional reactivity and dyadic adjustment. We used pulse oximetry to record individual heart rate through three 5-min conversations. Using multilevel dyadic growth models, we found emotional arousal and reactivity-predicted heart rate among women, and greater relationship length predicted heart rate among men. We additionally found couples synchronous with respect to relationship satisfaction and emotional reactivity but not to physiological responsivity. This study contributes to counselors’ understanding of women’s physiological reactivity, male responses in longer relationships, and how to support couples when there is potential for relationship conflict.

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Slobodianyk, N. V. "SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL-PEDAGOGICAL PHENOMENON." Journal of Modern Psychology, no. 1 (2023): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/2310-4368/2023-1-14.

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Levinger, George, and Lee A. Kirkpatrick. "Biological versus social psychological bases of mate selection." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15, no. 1 (March 1992): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00067728.

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Yang, Yang Claire, Kristen Schorpp, Courtney Boen, Moira Johnson, and Kathleen Mullan Harris. "Socioeconomic Status and Biological Risks for Health and Illness Across the Life Course." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby108.

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Abstract Objectives We assess the temporal properties and biosocial mechanisms underlying the associations between early-life socioeconomic status (SES) and later health. Using a life-course design spanning adolescence to older adulthood, we assess how early life and various dimensions of adult SES are associated with immune and metabolic function in different life stages and examine possible bio-behavioral and psychosocial mechanisms underlying these associations. Method Data for this study come from 3 national studies that collectively cover multiple stages of the life course (Add Health, MIDUS, and HRS). We estimated generalized linear models to examine the prospective associations between early-life SES, adult SES, and biomarkers of chronic inflammation and metabolic disorder assessed at follow-up. We further conducted formal tests of mediation to assess the role of adult SES in linking early SES to biological functions. Results We found that early-life SES exerted consistent protective effects for metabolic disorder across the life span, but waned with time for CRP. The protective effect of respondent education remained persistent for CRP but declined with age for metabolic disorder. Adult income and assets primarily protected respondents against physiological dysregulation in middle and old ages, but not in early adulthood. Discussion These findings are the first to elucidate the life-course patterns of SES that matter for underlying physiological functioning during the aging process to produce social gradients in health.

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Warne. "Crossing the Rubicon from the Social to the Biological Sciences." American Journal of Psychology 133, no. 4 (2020): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.133.4.0536.

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Landry, Susan. "Introduction to the Special Issue on the Biological and Social Determinants of Child Development." Developmental Neuropsychology 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2003): 519–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326942dn242&3_01.

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Bernin, P., T. Theorell, and C. G. Sandberg. "Biological correlates of social support and pressure at work in managers." Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science 36, no. 2 (April 2001): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02734046.

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Jackson, John P. "Definitional Argument in Evolutionary Psychology and Cultural Anthropology." Science in Context 23, no. 1 (January 26, 2010): 121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889709990263.

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ArgumentEvolutionary psychologists argue that because humans are biological creatures, cultural explanations must include biology. They thus offer to unify the natural and social sciences. Evolutionary psychologists rely on a specific history of cultural anthropology, particularly the work of Alfred Kroeber to make this point. A close examination of the history of cultural anthropology reveals that Kroeber acknowledged that humans were biological and culture had a biological foundation; however, he argued that we should treat culture as autonomous because that would bring benefits to the biological sciences as well as the human sciences. Hence, the historical caricature of his work by evolutionary psychology fails. The paper concludes that cultural anthropologists were successful in creating their discipline, at least in part, because they argued by pragmatic definition. Evolutionary psychology, on the other hand, offers an essentialist definition of “culture” and thus offers a much less promising vision of interdisciplinary collaboration.

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Burgess, Robert L., and Peter C. M. Molenaar. "Evolutionary theory and the social sciences." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 2007): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07000635.

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Gintis's article is an example of growing awareness by social scientists of the significance of evolutionary theory for understanding human nature. Although we share its main point of view, we comment on some disagreements related to levels of behavioral analysis, the explanation of social cooperation, and the ubiquity of inter-individual differences in human decision-making.

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Fabrega, Jr., Horacio. "Applications to the social and clinical sciences." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 2 (April 2005): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05320048.

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Fully interpreted, Lewis's dynamic systems modeling of emotion encompasses psychological-adaptation thinking and individual and group differences in normal and abnormal behavior. It weakens the categorical perspective in evolutionary psychology and the clinical sciences; and suggests continuity between “normal” or “abnormal” behavior in whatever way this is self and culturally constituted, although culture/linguistic factors and selfhood are neglected. Application of a dynamic systems model could improve formulation of clinical problems.

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Feldman, Ruth. "From biological rhythms to social rhythms: Physiological precursors of mother-infant synchrony." Developmental Psychology 42, no. 1 (2006): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.175.

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Quick, Tom. "Disciplining Physiological Psychology: Cinematographs as Epistemic Devices in the Work of Henri Bergson and Charles Scott Sherrington." Science in Context 30, no. 4 (December 2017): 423–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889717000254.

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ArgumentThis paper arrives at a normative position regarding the relevance of Henri Bergson's philosophy to historical enquiry. It does so via experimental historical analysis of the adaptation of cinematographic devices to physiological investigation. Bergson's philosophy accorded well with a mode of physiological psychology in which claims relating to mental and physiological existence interacted. Notably however, cinematograph-centered experimentation by British physiologists including Charles Scott Sherrington, as well as German-trained psychologists such as Hugo Münsterberg and Max Wertheimer, contributed to a cordoning-off of psychological from physiological questioning during the early twentieth century. Bergson invested in a mode of intellectual practice in which psychological claims had direct relevance to the interpretation of physiological nature. The in-part cinematograph-inspired breakdown of this mode had significance for subsequent interpretations of his philosophy. It is suggested that this experimental particularization of Bergson's contentions indicates that any adaptation of his thought for historical enquiry must be disciplinarily specific.

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Hunter, David E. K. "BIOLOGICAL REDUCTIONISM, REDUCTIONIST BEHAVIORISM, AND THE SOCIAL ECONOMY OF CLINICAL PRACTICE." Family Process 24, no. 3 (September 1985): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1985.00352.x.

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Rikel, Alexander M., and Yegor A. Dorokhov. "Analysing Generation in Social Psychology: Research or Reject?" Moscow University Psychology Bulletin, no. 3 (2023): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/lpj-23-31.

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Background. Against the background of increased attention to the category of generation in social psychology, the methodological possibility of studying generations and intergenerational differences is analyzed. The existing limitations of this kind of research are suggested and classified; methods for leveling these limitations are proposed. Objective is to propose and test an empirically correct scheme for the study of generations in social psychology. Sample. The material on which this scheme was tested was obtained in the course of an Internet survey (951 people). Methods. The survey included a modified author's Lifeline methodology to explore perceptions of cultural life scenarios. The method of analysis of the results involved the study of the possibility to apply APC (age-period-cohort) analysis to socio-psychological studies of intergenerational differences. Results. A scheme for the study of intergenerational differences has been proposed and substantiated, including, in particular, the use of theoretical meta-analyses, the methodology of APC analysis and the study of complex attitudes of the cultural life script (CLS). Conclusions. The conclusion is made on the need to abandon studies of traditional generations and the need to move to smaller units of analysis — quasi-generations in line with socio-psychological methodology.

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Hulme, Katrin, Sian Dogan, Sean M. Parker, and Vincent Deary. "‘Chronic cough, cause unknown’: A qualitative study of patient perspectives of chronic refractory cough." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 6 (January 5, 2017): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316684204.

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Chronic refractory cough patients have persistent, unexplained, treatment-resistant symptoms. Very little is known about non-physiological processes underlying chronic refractory cough or patients’ experience of the condition. In all, 14 patients participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were based on the comprehensive cognitive behavioural model and analysed thematically. Eight key themes emerged illustrating that the experience of the onset and persistence of chronic refractory cough is complex, often involving multiple interlinking factors. Themes highlighted the involvement of biological and psychological factors, and the prominent role of the social dimension in how the cough is experienced, perceived and managed. Implications for intervention development are discussed.

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McAssey, Michael P., Jonathan Helm, Fushing Hsieh, David A. Sbarra, and Emilio Ferrer. "Methodological Advances for Detecting Physiological Synchrony During Dyadic Interactions." Methodology 9, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000053.

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A defining feature of many physiological systems is their synchrony and reciprocal influence. An important challenge, however, is how to measure such features. This paper presents two new approaches for identifying synchrony between the physiological signals of individuals in dyads. The approaches are adaptations of two recently-developed techniques, depending on the nature of the physiological time series. For respiration and thoracic impedance, signals that are measured continuously, we use Empirical Mode Decomposition to extract the low-frequency components of a nonstationary signal, which carry the signal’s trend. We then compute the maximum cross-correlation between the trends of two signals within consecutive overlapping time windows of fixed width throughout each of a number of experimental tasks, and identify the proportion of large values of this measure occurring during each task. For heart rate, which is output discretely, we use a structural linear model that takes into account heteroscedastic measurement error on both series. The results of this study indicate that these methods are effective in detecting synchrony between physiological measures and can be used to examine emotional coherence in dyadic interactions.

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Dell, Paul F. "UNDERSTANDING BATESON AND MATURANA: TOWARD A BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATION FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES*." Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 11, no. 1 (January 1985): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1985.tb00587.x.

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Brown, Donald E. "Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications." Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems 19, no. 3 (January 1996): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1061-7361(96)90043-0.

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Kantorovich, Aharon. "Scientific genius—A psychology of science." Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems 15, no. 1 (January 1992): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1061-7361(92)90040-k.

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46

Goertzel, Ben. "Psychology and logic: An evolutionary perspective." Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems 16, no. 4 (January 1993): 439–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1061-7361(93)90017-l.

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Horwitz, Allan V. "Social Context, Biology, and the Definition of Disorder." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 58, no. 2 (April 20, 2017): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146517705165.

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In recent years, medical sociologists have increasingly paid attention to a variety of interactions between social and biological factors. These include how social stressors impact the functioning of physiological systems, how sociocultural contexts trigger genetic propensities or mitigate genetic defects, and how brains are attuned to social, cultural, and interactional factors. This paper focuses on how both sociocultural and biological forces influence what conditions are contextually appropriate responses or disorders. It also suggests that some of the most obdurate health problems result from mismatches between natural genes and current social circumstances rather than from genetic defects. Finally, it examines how social environments have profound impacts on how much harm disorders create. It shows how sociological insights can help establish valid criteria for illnesses and indicates the complexities involved in defining what genuine disorders are.

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Wass, Sam V., and Victoria Leong. "Developmental Psychology: How Social Context Influences Infants’ Attention." Current Biology 26, no. 9 (May 2016): R357—R359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.051.

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Freedman, Robert R. "Physiological mechanisms of temperature biofeedback." Biofeedback and Self-Regulation 16, no. 2 (June 1991): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01000184.

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Scott, Bernard. "Cybernetics for the Social Sciences." Brill Research Perspectives in Sociocybernetics and Complexity 1, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 1–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25900587-12340002.

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Abstract This publication meets a long-felt need to show the relevance of cybernetics for the social sciences (including psychology, sociology, and anthropology). User-friendly descriptions of the core concepts of cybernetics are provided, with examples of how they can be used in the social sciences. It is explained how cybernetics functions as a transdiscipline that unifies other disciplines and a metadiscipline that provides insights about how other disciplines function. An account of how cybernetics emerged as a distinct field is provided, following interdisciplinary meetings in the 1940s, convened to explore feedback and circular causality in biological and social systems. How encountering cybernetics transformed the author’s thinking and his understanding of life in general, is also recounted.

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