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Świniarski, Janusz. "Philosophy and Social Sciences in a Securitological Perspective." Polish Political Science Yearbook 52 (2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202302.
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The inspiration of this text is the belief of the Pythagoreans that the roots and source of complete knowledge is the quadruple expressed in the “arch-four”, also called as tetractys. Hence the hypothesis considered in this paper is: the basis of the philosophy of social sciences is entangled in these four valours, manifested in what is “general and necessary” (scientific) in social life, the first and universal as to the “principles and causes” of this life (theoretically philosophical) and “which can be different in it” (practically philosophical) and “intuitive”. The quadruple appears with different clarity in the history of human thought, which seeks clarification and understanding of the things being cognised, including such a thing as society. It is exposed in the oath of the Pythagoreans, the writings of Plato and Aristotle, who applied these four valours, among other things, in distinguishing the four types of knowledge and learning about the first four causes and principles. This fourfold division seems to be experiencing a renaissance in contemporary theological-cognitive holism and can be treated as an expressive, a “hard core”, and the basis of research not only of social but mainly of global society as a social system. This entanglement of the foundations of the philosophy of the social sciences leads to the suggestion of defining this philosophy as the knowledge of social being composed of “what is general and necessary” (scientific), genetically first, universal (theoretically philosophical) and “being able to be different” (philosophically practical) and intuitive.
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Warka, Made. "The nature of justice in the perspective of the philosophy of science." Technium Social Sciences Journal 39 (January 8, 2023): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v39i1.8095.
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In theory, sources of knowledge might also originate from the outcomes of reflection or contemplation rather than just from experimental or study results. A philosopher engages in reflection or contemplation when attempting to understand or identify the core of something having to do with legal principles. What is meant by justice is the most important philosophical topic when discussing the nature of justice. That is a question that pertains to the field of science philosophy. According to its core, the philosophy of science is a branch of general philosophy that provides responses to a number of inquiries regarding the nature of science. Science philosophy examines the philosophical underpinnings, presumptions, and implications of science, including the social and natural sciences. Philosophy of science studies the philosophical foundations, assumptions and implications of science, including the natural sciences and social sciences. Philosophy of science is closely related to epistemology and ontology.
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Yermolenko, Anatolii. "SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIOHUMANITIES." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 5 (December 4, 2020): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2020.05.006.
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In this article the author studies the place and the role of social philosophy in the architecture of the social sciences and humanities. The article focuses on the relationship between social philosophy, theory of society, theoretical sociology and social ethics. Based upon the application of the concept of paradigm in philosophy, the author shows key trends of the development of social sciences and humanities: the turn from the philosophy of conscience to the communication philosophy and the “rehabilitation of the practical philosophy”. In line with these trends, practical discourse philosophy is now playing the central role in the structure of the social sciences and humanities, the author says. By making a distinction between normative and descriptive dimensions of the social sciences and humanities, the author emphasizes the issue of their normative foundation and their moral and ethical re-orientation. The article analyzes discourse as an argumentative practice of founding social norms and values and as a meta-institution legitimizing social institutions. According to this approach, the social philosophy is considered as a meta-theory of social sciences, which include general social theory and theories of social systems. In this context, practical dis- course philosophy is playing a fundamental role for legitimizing specific social institutions. Social ethics also plays an important role, as it complements individual ethics, creating a system of institutional ethics, i.e. of political ethics, economic ethics, ethics of science and technology, environmental ethics. In this architectonics, social responsibility gets a new meaning, incorporating individual responsibility. Social responsibility is not an anonymous responsibility that neglects the individual responsibility, but a common responsibility implemented according to certain rules and procedures and creating the possibility to solve current problems of the globalized humanity.
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Sapík, Miroslav. "Philosophy of social sciences, society and globalization." Kontakt 8, no. 1 (May 26, 2006): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/kont.2006.011.
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Dawson, Graham. "Perspectivism in the Social Sciences." Philosophy 60, no. 233 (July 1985): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100070200.
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The general question to which this paper is addressed is whether knowledge and rationality carry within themselves the seeds of their own destruction. Some of those who set out in search of knowledge come to believe as a result of their inquiries that the object of their quest is not what they had taken it to be; seeking to discover the way the world actually is, they are led to conclude that all they can hope to find is a reflection of their own needs and interests; the grail is but a beaker. Similarly, some of those whose aim is to formulate the principles of rational thought are led by reason to deny that any beliefs can be rationally justified; reasons are never reasons for believing but mere epiphenomena, produced by but not producing events whose only begetter is the passions; the quest is just another power struggle. The particular question I wish to ask is whether this picture is an accurate representation of social inquiry.
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Althusser, Louis. "Philosophy and Social Science: Introducing Bourdieu and Passeron." Theory, Culture & Society 36, no. 7-8 (November 20, 2019): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276419873373.
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This text derives from a recording, and transcripts, of the introduction which Althusser gave on 6 December 1963, to a seminar for students in the École Normale Supérieure, Paris, offered at his invitation by Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron. Althusser takes the opportunity to raise questions about the status of social science and suggests that Bourdieu and Passeron represent slightly different strands of contemporary research practice, partly as a result of their different formation and practice since themselves leaving the École. Althusser first considers the relation between the human sciences and the traditionally instituted Faculty of Letters or Humanities. What is the origin of the compulsion to constitute a science of human relations? Given that the social sciences have established themselves, Althusser then tries to define their nature. He suggests that they have three forms: as abstract and general theory, as ethnology, and as empirical sociology. He discusses the pros and cons of each in some detail. Althusser then asks what are the features which constitute sciences and concludes that they must always possess discrete theoretical perspectives corresponding with discrete components of reality but must also possess an element of self-referentiality or, as he puts it, must be objects to themselves. Althusser suggests that his contemporary social sciences are not philosophically adequate by the criteria which he advances. He proceeds to introduce Bourdieu and Passeron in such a way as to invite consideration of whether their practices meet his criteria.
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Feldbacher-Escamilla, Christian J., Alexander Gebharter, and Gerhard Schurz. "Philosophy of Science Between the Natural Sciences, the Social Sciences, and the Humanities: Introduction." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 48, no. 3 (September 2017): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10838-017-9378-8.
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Pavlov, Alexander. "The 70-Year-Old The New Science of Politics." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 20, no. 1 (2021): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2021-1-244-261.
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The paper is a reflection on the book The New Science of Politics: An Introduction by the German-American political philosopher Eric Voegelin. The book is considered as a classic work in the field of the political theory of the 20th century. The first edition of the book was published in 1952, but its Russian translation was only completed in 2021. The author notes that although Voegelin’s thought is clear, the reading of the work may be difficult because Voegelin re-invents the terms that were already established in the scientific field, such as positivism, Gnosticism, the philosophy of history, the philosophy of consciousness, etc. To clarify the thinker’s contribution to political philosophy, the author addresses several studies that describe this contribution. After a brief enumeration of the components of this ‘contribution’, the author discusses how fully these points are reflected in The New Science of Politics. It turns out that although this work is based on six lectures, it contains all the topics of Voegelin’s political theory. The author further clarifies several key terms of the philosopher, and proceeds to the presentation of Voegelin’s concept. This technique makes Voegelin’s political theory crystal clear. Finally, the author turns to the context of “before-Rawls” political theory and briefly describes how the jurist and (later) political scientist Hans Kelsen reacted to Voegelin’s work. The author also analyses the polemics between Hannah Arendt and Voegelin, explaining why Arendt’s reaction to Voegelin’s criticism might seem strange, although it should not be considered as such. He concludes by referring to some excellent assessments of Voegelin’s philosophy, and states that the great hope that Voegelin would become the most important philosopher of the twentieth century did not come true.
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Pickel, Andreas. "Mario Bunge’s philosophy of social science." Society 38, no. 4 (May 2001): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12115-001-1026-5.
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Mikeshina, Lyudmila A. "Social Philosophy of Science: Unexpected Russian Roots." Social Epistemology 31, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2016.1227391.
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Barnard, Robert. "Philosophy as continuous with social science?" Metascience 23, no. 1 (May 15, 2013): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-013-9806-2.
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Pieris, Ralph. "The Contributions of Patrick Colquhoun to Social Theory and Social Philosophy." Asian Journal of Social Science 35, no. 3 (2007): 288–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853107x224259.
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AbstractBiographical details of Colquhoun's early life are remarkably scanty. Little is known of his childhood and adolescence. His only formal education was at the local grammar school, where he would have learnt Latin. At the age of sixteen, Colquhoun immigrated to America. During the five years he spent in Virginia, Colquhoun developed an interest in law, political economy, and the social sciences from his legal acquaintances there. In the year of the French Revolution, Colquhoun abandoned the pursuit of commerce and devoted himself to philanthropic and intellectual interests. Colquhoun was far in advance of his time as he argued for the compatibility of social regulation with liberty.
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Pipere, Anita, and Kristīne Mārtinsone. "Metamodernism and Social Sciences: Scoping the Future." Social Sciences 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2022): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11100457.
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At this moment, humanity is confronting several global metacrises that demand a new image of science to deal with the complex problems associated with these crises. In addition to natural sciences and humanities, social sciences can become an equally efficient resource for use in this transformation if they succeed in constructing new frameworks congruent with the new reality. The purpose of this theoretical paper in the discourse of philosophy of science is to discern the features of the social sciences within a new paradigm of metamodernism. For the first time, the authors elaborate on the new principles of metamodernist philosophy and apply them to the ontology, epistemology, axiology, and methodology of the social sciences. The set of six transversal principles comprises the ontological principle of paradoxical simultaneity, caused by oscillation, epistemological principles of paradoxical understanding of truth and grand narratives, as well as metaxis-based thinking and dia/polylogue, axiological negotiation between rhizomatic and hierarchical social relations and values, and methodological pluralism. The last principle showcases the coexistence and interlinkage of previous stages of metamodernism. The application of these principles to the social sciences was designed from the perspectives of a specific discipline, inter/transdisciplinarity, and instrumental level of social practice. The paper concludes with a discussion of additional avenues for the development of metamodernism in the social sciences.
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Darenskiy, Vitaliy. "D.A. Khomyakov’s Social Philosophy." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 2 (August 15, 2023): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2023-0-2-195-208.
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In the article the author examines the social philosophy of D.A. Khomyakov, which is a theoretical explication of the “Orthodoxy. Autocracy. Nationality” formula. The author shows that in this formula Orthodoxy is interpreted not only as a system of dogmas, canons and traditions, but as an integral worldview of the people, formed by this system for many centuries. Accordingly, nationality and autocracy are not something external to Orthodoxy, but constitutes the forms of its concrete historical embodiment in the life of the people. Such understanding of “Uvarov’s formula” gives it a universal meaning, not tied to a specifi c era, but indicating the “ideal” principles of the life of Orthodox people, which cannot always be realized, but are a kind of “canon” of the historical existence of Russia. Proceeding form this, D.A. Khomyakov gives an Orthodox interpretation of a number of “issues” of modernity: about the social system, culture, science, feminism, etc.
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Wildes, Kevin Wm. "BIOETHICS AS SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY." Social Philosophy and Policy 19, no. 2 (July 2002): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052502192053.
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When many people think of bioethics, they think of gripping issues in clinical medicine such as end-of-life decision-making, controversies in biomedical research such as that over work with stem cells, or issues in allocating scarce health-care resources such as organs or money. The term “bioethics” may evoke images of moral controversies being discussed on news programs and talk shows. But this “controversy of the day” focus often treats ethical issues in medicine superficially, for it addresses them as if they could be examined and discussed in isolation from the context in which they are situated. Such a focus on the latest controversies fails to take into account that medicine is a social institution and that the controversies in bioethics often reflect deeper social and moral issues that transcend the boundaries of medicine and ethics. If one moves beyond the issue-of-the-day approach to bioethics, one can see that the field must address these deeper issues.
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Lopatina, N. V. "A. V. Sokolov – classic of the branch science history and philosophy." Scientific and Technical Libraries 1, no. 2 (March 19, 2024): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2024-2-64-73.
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The author analyzes the scientific legacy of Arkady Sokolov, an outstanding Russian information scientist, bibliographer, and philosopher. She follows the evolution of scholar’s theoretical concepts in the context of history and philosophy of library and information sciences. The article is based on the analysis of Sokolov’s key works, i. e. the textbook «The introduction into social communication theory”, professional conceptual publication “The philosophy of information”, his theses, and program articles. The author discusses A. V. Sokolov’s contribution into building of the methodological tradition in the library and information sciences. She focuses, in particular, on her own realization of the information approach and its transfer into the research field of library and information sciences. The author explores A. Sokolov’s philosophical concepts and their significance for solving the current problems in the field: development of human resources, defining the status and positioning of library, bibliography and bibliology sciences within the modern system of sciences. The author also expands on her personal memories of Arkady Sokolov.
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Harman, Oren. "When Philosophy Of Science Counts." Minerva 46, no. 1 (February 9, 2008): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11024-007-9075-6.
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Leitgeb, Hannes. "Logic in general philosophy of science: old things and new things." Synthese 179, no. 2 (October 8, 2010): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-010-9776-5.
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Kasavin, Ilya. "Towards a Social Philosophy of Science: Russian Prospects." Social Epistemology 31, no. 1 (December 12, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2016.1227389.
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Rodin, Lika. "Social Immunology: Application in Research on Migration." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 21, no. 1 (2022): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2022-1-71-86.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging the world for many months, drawing the public’s attention to the field of epidemiology. Governments around the globe urgently call on the scientific community to provide guidelines for the treatment and prevention of coronavirus infections. Immunity protection (natu-ral or man-made) is at the epicentre of state policies and public discussions. It is less known that the epi-demiological discourse had been used beyond natural sciences in the domain of philosophy and social research. This paper introduces the concept of social immunology developed by Italian philosopher Rob-erto Esposito at the turn of the 20th century as part of the discussion of the notion of biopolitics. I re-read one of my previous research projects through the lens of Esposito’s theory to show the potential of his theoretical constructs in studies on migration and integration.
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Kincaid, Harold. "How should philosophy of social science proceed?" Metascience 21, no. 2 (June 28, 2011): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-011-9592-7.
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Johansson, Lars-Göran. "Induction, Experimentation and Causation in the Social Sciences." Philosophies 6, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies6040105.
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Inductive thinking is a universal human habit; we generalise from our experiences the best we can. The induction problem is to identify which observed regularities provide reasonable justification for inductive conclusions. In the natural sciences, we can often use strict laws in making successful inferences about unobserved states of affairs. In the social sciences, by contrast, we have no strict laws, only regularities which most often are conditioned on ceteris paribus clauses. This makes it much more difficult to make reliable inferences in the social sciences. In particular, we want knowledge about general causal relations in order to be able to determine what to do in order to achieve a certain state of affairs. Knowledge about causal relations that are also valid in the future requires experiments or so called ‘natural experiments’. Only knowledge derived from such experiences enable us to draw reasonably reliable inferences about how to act in order to achieve our goals.
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Downes, Stephen M. "From Philosophy of Biology to Social Philosophy." Biology & Philosophy 21, no. 2 (March 2006): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10539-005-2779-9.
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Turlayev, V. A., and B. I. Karipbayev. "Problems of defining legal reality in philosophy and legal science." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 3, no. 103 (September 30, 2021): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021hph3/146-152.
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The article considers the problems of determining the legal reality category in the law philosophy. The aim of the research is to generalize scientific knowledge and theories that reveal the category of legal reality. With the help of general and special research methods analysis and generalization of scientific material is carried out, consideration of various approaches to legal reality in order to identify the main features and constituent elements of this category. The points of view and scientific positions of philosophers and legal theorists in the field of researching the legal reality problems are analyzed and compared. The categories of «legal reality», «legal life», «legal system» as phenomena of social reality interacting with each other and constituting the broadest philosophical and legal category of «legal reality» are considered. The result of the research is the consideration of legal reality as the most general category, which includes the entire spectrum of legal phenomena occurring in social life. The legal reality research is considered to be the basic requirement of modern humanitarian science, which aims to ensure the most complete the human personality development in harmony with public interests and needs, the most important of which are mediated through law and legislation. The main determining the right reality problems are highlighted, which are due to a wide range of the phenomenon under consideration, a large constituent elements number, a different law understanding and the elements included in this category. Legal reality is a complex category, it is the real existence of legal matter as a type of social reality, which is characterized by universal existence forms of matter: space, time, movement.
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Haberer, Joseph. "Philosophy of Science/Technology." Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 15, no. 5-6 (November 1995): 265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0270467695015005-610.
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Salmon, Merrilee H. "Reasoning in the social sciences." Synthese 97, no. 2 (November 1993): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01064117.
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Brown, Mark B. "The Political Philosophy of Science Policy." Minerva 42, no. 1 (2004): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:mine.0000017701.73799.42.
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Petitjean, Patrick. "Introduction: Science, Politics, Philosophy and History." Minerva 46, no. 2 (June 2008): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11024-008-9095-x.
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ÇİNÇİN, Kemal. "SPOR BİLİMLERİNDE YÖNELİMSELLİK, FELSEFE VE YÖNTEM." SOCIAL SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 7, no. 33 (September 15, 2022): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31567/ssd.707.
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The importance of sports sciences increases day by day in individual and social fields. In addition to contributing to the development and protection of physical and mental abilities of individuals, sports sciences are expected to include activities that address a complex process concerning directly the public health, culture and economy. In this sense, sport, as a human action, turns into a phenomenon that needs to be dealt with ontologically, epistemologically and ethically. It can be said that the current discussions in the field of the history and philosophy of science also include the methodological problems of sports sciences. It is difficult to say that philosophy is sufficiently and effectively utilized in solving possible problems encountered in the field of sports sciences. The content of undergraduate course content and athlete training in faculties of sports sciences, which have practical repetitions to a large extent, has caused mental preparation and reactions to be far from the field of philosophy. It is clear that mental preparation is an important part of both training and competitions. It is undoubtedly important for the success of the athlete and the development of the sport that this preparation is handled together with the discipline of philosophy beyond a mere motivation process. In this sense, the effect of intentionality, especially in team games, and its effects on team skill will be discussed with a mathematical modeling example in the present study. Thus, it is aimed to increase the possibility of testing the limits of human skills and to reveal a new set of ethical and technical discussions. As a result of these developments, it is expected that important contributions to the universal identity of sports will be revealed and the concept of human will be reconsidered. In the study, it is aimed to evaluate the actions of athletes with a different perspective from a philosophical and mathematical point of view. Keywords: Sport, Philosophy, Mathematics, Modeling, Intentionality
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Potter, Elizabeth. "Good science and good philosophy of science." Synthese 104, no. 3 (September 1995): 423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01064508.
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Rosa, Andi. "Integrasi Filsafat dan Ilmu Sosial Holistik dalam Menafsirkan Al-Qur'an." Aqlania 14, no. 1 (June 22, 2023): 41–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/aqlania.v14i1.7816.
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This study examines the relationship of holistic social science to the field of Al-Qur'an interpretation. Holistic social science in question is social science based on three aspects in the philosophy of science or the collaboration of various scholars related to the subject of interpretation. The research method used is ontological analysis from the (social) philosophy of science and related to the epistemological character of the thematic interpretation. Compiling and understanding interpretations related to certain scientific fields, including the social field, without the help of a philosophy of science is something that is not sufficient to dialogue reality with the context of the Qur’an verses. Therefore, it is not enough for the interpreters of the Qur'an to rely only on scientific data from the research of the Kantian paradigm without verifying them in a more contextual and actual study based on the intended holistic paradigm. Philosophy and related social sciences at the same time or the cooperation of various social sciences is a holistic paradigm that is needed in exploring an interpretation related to the subject of interpretation or the problem to be dialogued with verses, especially in the field of thematic interpretation. For this holistic paradigm can have functions: First, the position of philosophy of science can offer a proportional dialogue between text and context. Second, the collaboration of science, philosophy, and art can make the social sciences in particular not forget their basic goals and interests, namely: to create a better human life and to make it liberating or emancipatory interpretations.
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Beisbart, Claus, Helmut Pulte, and Thomas Reydon. "Editorial: Fifty Years Journal for General Philosophy of Science." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 50, no. 1 (March 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10838-019-09453-x.
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Fatonah, Fatonah, Ismail Ismail, Teguh Adimarta, Mar’atun Sholiha, Rafik Darmansyah, Fardinal Fardinal, Yanfaunnas Yanfaunnas, Bimo Tunggal Prastetyo, and Risatri Gusmahansyah. "The Contribution Of The Philosophy Of Science In Research Science And Social Life." Dinasti International Journal of Management Science 4, no. 1 (September 22, 2022): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v4i1.1401.
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This article reviews the Contribution of the Philosophy of Science in Scientific Research and Social Life, which is a form of qualitative research and literature study or Philosophy of Science library research. The results of this literature review article show that: (1) History records that philosophy has bridged the change from mythcentric to logocentric, the change from thinking patterns based on myth and superstition to thinking patterns based on science (logos). This change in mindset has proven to have far-reaching implications for civilization. Nature and its phenomena that were previously feared are then studied, researched, and even exploited. From these investigations of natural phenomena, various theories and scientific findings were found that explain the changes and phenomena that occur, both in the universe (macrocosm) and in the human world (microcosm). (2) The influence of knowledge in the course of philosophical life from century to century, from myth, anthropos, and then to theos (theology/dogma) and changed to logos. That is the journey of the philosophy of knowledge to become a philosophy of science which later gave birth to the sciences of astronomy, cosmology, physics, chemistry, and so on. Meanwhile, from the investigation of the human microcosm, the sciences of biology, psychology, sociology, and so on have developed. Over time, these sciences have developed to become more specialized and increasingly produce technologies that have a direct and broad impact on civilization and human life. (3) The philosophy of science itself contributes to scientific inquiry and in human life, especially These sciences then develop into more specialized and increasingly produce technologies that have a direct and broad impact on civilization and human life. (3) The philosophy of science itself contributes to scientific inquiry and in human life, especiallyknowledge in the form of deductive reasoning related to empirical and positivist (qualitative) and inductive reasoning with rationalism, constructivist and critical (qualitative). Although rationally science compiles its knowledge consistently and cumulatively, empirically science separates knowledge that is in accordance with facts and that which is not. Therefore, before being empirically verified, all rational explanations put forward are only hypothetical. (4) In addition, the philosophy of science has also substantially, methodically and relevantly provided a new paradigm in scientific research as well as for human life, namely; Positivism Paradigm, Constructivist Paradigm, and Critical Paradigm. These three paradigms are very important for a researcher who will compose a scientific work, be it a thesis, thesis or dissertation or other scientific paper.
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McIntyre, Lee C. "Editorial introduction: Empiricism in the philosophy of social science." Synthese 97, no. 2 (November 1993): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01064112.
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Vlasova, Olga. "Methodologies of Memory Studies and Sociology of Philosophy in the Study of the History of Philosophy and Science." Sociological Journal 28, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.1.8836.
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While interest towards Memory Studies has long been popular when it comes to studying cultural traditions and social groups, the field of science (scientific traditions) describes issues using the traditional language of history, philosophy and sociology of science. This happens despite Memory Studies potentially being a productive asset in this problem field. This paper brings together Memory Studies and R. Collins’ sociology of philosophy, while presenting a new strategy for problematization based on the history of philosophy. Memory Studies and sociology of philosophies are presented as two complementary approaches that have interdisciplinary prospects for understanding the methodological problems of the humanities in general and philosophy in particular. The foundations of the approaches are analyzed, a comparative analysis is conducted of the conceptual apparatus, examples of explication of sociological tools in the field of current philosophical discussions are considered. How does philosophy work with the past, how does the “past-present” dialectic unfold in the community of philosophers, how do mnemonic practices determine the lines of power in this field? How are “sacred texts” selected in academic communities, what role do mnemonic practices play when it comes to generational bonds? What sort of practices circulate in the community in terms of condemning or accepting figures from the past? All of these issues are analyzed in the study, based on the concepts of Memory Studies and sociology of philosophy while invoking the ideas of R. Collins’ critics, as well as methodological historical and philosophical works. The approach offered by the author makes it possible to expand Memory Studies and sociology of philosophy into the field of history of philosophy and lay the foundations for such studies in the history, sociology and philosophy of science.
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Sommers, Christina. "The Feminist Revelation." Social Philosophy and Policy 8, no. 1 (1990): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500003782.
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In the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association for the fall of 1988, we find the view that “the power of philosophy lies in its radicalness.” The author, Tom Foster Digby, tells us that in our own day “the radical potency of philosophy is particularly well-illustrated by contemporary feminist philosophy” in ways that “could eventually reorder human life.” The claim that philosophy is essentially radical has deep historical roots.Aristotle and Plato each created a distinctive style of social philosophy. Following Ernest Barker, I shall call Aristotle's way of doing social philosophy “whiggish,” having in mind that the O.E.D. characterizes ‘whig’ as “a word that says in one syllable what ‘conservative liberal’ says in seven.” Later whigs shared with Aristotle the conviction that traditional arrangements have great moral weight, and that common opinion is a primary source of moral truth. The paradigm example of a whig moral philosopher is Henry Sidgwick, with his constant appeal to Common Sense and to “established morality.” On the more liberal side, we have philosophers like David Hume who cautions us to “adjust [political] innovations as much as possible to the ancient fabric,” and William James who insists that the liberal philosopher must reject radicalism.In modern times, many social philosophers have followed the more radical example of Plato, who was convinced that common opinion was benighted and in need of much consciousness-raising. Looking on society as a Cave that distorted real values, Plato showed a great readiness to discount traditional arrangements. He was perhaps the first philosopher to construct an ideal of a society that reflected principles of justice, inspiring generations of utopian social philosophers.
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Krawczyk, Zbigniew. "Theoretical Conceptions in Sport Social Sciences." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 47, no. 1 (December 1, 2009): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-009-0026-9.
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Theoretical Conceptions in Sport Social SciencesIn the presented study we assume, after Piotr Sztompka that a sociological theory is every set of ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions, abstract notions and general propositions concerning social reality which is to provide with explanation of existing descriptive knowledge about it and orient future research (Sztompka 1985, p. 12). In the discussed theory there have developed hitherto the following orientations: the systemic-functional one, the ethnomethodological one, symbolic interactionism, theory of conflict, socio-historical theory and positivist theory. They have together shaped theoretical conceptions in sociology of sport and — indirectly — in other social physical culture sciences.Interpreting the issue in a prospective way, it can be assumed that in the future there will appear other theories, such as the theory of behaviour, the theory of rational choice, the sociobiological theory, the theory of power, the theory of neo-institutionalism and others.Sociology, however, need not to be the only source of inspiration for sociohumane sports sciences. An equally important role can be played there by philosophy and psychology. Moreover, that thesis can be referred to other humanities, especially to history and pedagogy, as well as to philosophical, sociological and pedagogical versions of theory of physical culture — or to multidisciplinary theories, as e.g. postmodernist and globalist ones.
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Erokhin, Alexey K. "PHILOSOPHY OF LAW AS A PRACTICAL EXPRESSION OF SOCIAL IDEALS." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 14, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-3-110-121.
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Background. Philosophy of law is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of law, especially in its relation to human values, relationships, and practice. The points of views to the nature of law often depend on the philosophical position taken by a particular philosopher or group of philosophers. As a result, legal philosophy becomes the object of heated discussions, the main feature of which is reduced to the question of what is due and being, i.e. can and should positivist law replace the traditional values developed by mankind as regulators of behavior and relationships.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the relationship between the philosophy of law as a “special” or “private” discipline and “general” philosophy. The subject of the study is the philosophical ideas of a rational approach to law as a practice.
Methods. The research method is the analysis of scientific literature and philosophical reflection.
Conclusions. In the philosophy of law the decisive factor is not so much its attitude to general philosophy, but the relationship between the philosophy of law and the law itself.
Results. The effectiveness of the work done lies in the fact that the findings allow us to consider the philosophy of law as a practical philosophy. The results obtained can be used in further practical and theoretical studies of philosophy and theory of law.
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Kolozova, Katerina. "After Liberalism." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 19, no. 1-2 (December 2, 2022): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v19i1-2.502.
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Author(s): Katerina Kolozova Title (English): After Liberalism Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 19, No. 1-2 (2022). Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities - Skopje Page Range: 40-47 Page Count: 7 Citation (English): Katerina Kolozova, "After Liberalism,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 19, No. 1-2 (2022): 40-47. Author Biography Katerina Kolozova, Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Skopje Dr. Katerina Kolozova is Executive Director, senior researcher and full professor at the Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Skopje, and a professor of political philosophy at FMK-Belgrade. She has published many influential articles in a number of international journals, as well as several books. These include: Capitalism’s Holocaust of Animals: A Non-Marxist Critique of Capital, Philosophy and Patriarchy (Bloomsbury Academic), as well as Cut of the Real: Subjectivity in Poststructuralist Philosophy (Columbia University Press).
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Hatfield, Gary. "Review essay: The importance of the history of science for philosophy in general." Synthese 106, no. 1 (January 1996): 113–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00413617.
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Grossmann, Henryk. "The Social Foundations of Mechanistic Philosophy and Manufacture." Science in Context 1, no. 1 (March 1987): 129–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700000090.
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The ArgumentFranz Borkenau's book, The Transition from Feudal to Modern Thought (Der Übergang vom feudalen zum bürgerlichen Weltbild [literally: The Transition from the Feudal to the Bourgeois World-Picture]), serves as background for Grossmann's study. The objective of this book was to trace the sociological origins of the mechanistic categories of modern thought as developed in the philosophy of Descartes and his successors. In the beginning of the seventeenth century, according to Borkenau, mechanistic thinking triumphed over medieval philosophy which emphasized qualitative, not quantitative considerations. This transition from medieval and feudal methods of thought to modern principles is the general theme of Borkenau's book, and is traced to the social changes of this time. According to this work, the essential economic change that marked the transition from medieval to modern times was the destruction of the handicraft system and the organization of labor under one roof and under one management. The roots of the change in thought are to be sought here. With the dismemberment of the handicraft system and the division of labor into relatively unskilled, uniform, and therefore comparable activities, the conception of abstract homogeneous social labor arises. The division of the labor process into simple repeated movements permits a comparison of hours of labor. Calculation with such abstract social unities, according to Borkenau, was the source from which modern mechanistic thinking in general derived its origin.Grossmann, although he considers Borkenau's work a valuable and important contribution, does not believe that the author has achieved his purpose. First of all, he contends that the period that Borkenau describes as the period of the triumph of modern thought over medieval should not be placed at the beginning of the seventeenth century, but in the Renaissance, and that not Descartes and Hobbes but Leonardo da Vinci was the initiator of modern thought. Leonardo's theories, evolved from a study of machines, were the source of the mechanistic categories that culminated in modern thought.If Borkenau's conception as to the historical origin of these categories is incorrect in regard to time, Grossmann claims it follows that it is incorrect also in regard to the social sources to which it is ascribed. In the beginning, the factory system did not involve a division of labor into comparable homogeneous processes, but in general only united skilled handicraftsmen under one roof. The development of machinery, not the calculation with abstract hours of labor, is the immediate source of modern scientific mechanics. This goes back to the Renaissance and has relatively little to do with the original factory system that was finally superseded by the Industrial Revolution.While Borkenau, in tracing the social background of the thought of the period, relies chiefly on the conflicts and strife of political parties, Grossmann regards this as one element only in the formation of the general social situation, which in its entirety and in the interaction of its elements explains the development of modern thought.
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Richardson, Alan. "‘Logical empiricism’ and the philosophy of science." Minerva 45, no. 3 (August 22, 2007): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11024-007-9048-9.
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Frischknecht, Federico. "Informatic philosophy of behavioral sciences." Behavioral Science 31, no. 3 (July 1986): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830310303.
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Soboleva, Maja. "The Notion of Philosophical Knowledge and the Situation of Philosophy Today." Transcultural Studies 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2016): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23751606-01202001.
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In this volume, scholars in the human sciences from different countries examine the meaning of philosophical knowledge today. The answer to the question of what is philosophical knowledge is not self-evident because of different cultural traditions in which national philosophies are situated. Thus philosophical knowledge can be understood as knowledge of history of philosophy, or of philosophical systems, schools and methodologies; or it can be seen as the ability to solve philosophical problems. Sometimes philosophical investigations affect not philosophy alone, but extend to other disciplines. One significant fact is that the problem of philosophical knowledge is not restricted to the theory of philosophy, but reflects the situation in philosophy itself, as well as the status of philosophy among other human sciences and its social prestige in general. Whether we still need philosophy today, in the period of total austerity, will depend upon what criteria we use to define the image of philosophy and its knowledge. On the other hand, the concerns about philosophy today – diagnosed in the present volume – are not merely intra-disciplinary; they are decisive for social outcomes in the world of today. These social outcomes – for educational curricula, for the position of women and minorities, for the political process and the formation of civil society – are the focus of the papers in this issue. In its totality, the issue offers an overview of the contemporary situation in philosophy in different countries in the ‘new’ Europe, which allows reflection about the differences and general tendencies in its development.
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Popkova, Natalia V. "Philosophy in Russian Higher Education: Mission and Difficulties." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 10 (October 2022): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.10-22.039.
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The solutions proposed in the article are aimed at optimizing the curriculum of philosophy and the effective development of general cultural competencies within the framework of non-humanitarian directions of higher education. The author draws attention to the fact that the basic general cultural competencies, which should be realized as a result of the study of philosophy, coincide with the basic social functions of philosophy. The basic social functions of philosophy (philosophical and methodological) are considered and the main difficulties in the implementation of the relevant competencies are noted. The implementation of the methodological function of philosophy is complicated by the gap between humanitarian and special subjects; insufficient erudition of teachers of philosophy in the field of natural and technical sciences prevents the convincing presentation of the advantages of philosophical thinking. The active participation of teachers of philosophy in scientific research (for the implementation of socio-humanitarian examination) is recommended. Nevertheless, it is concluded that the goal of the philosophy curriculum— the formation of a critically thinking creative personality – is in contradiction with the prevailing social trends; therefore, its achievement is unlikely before the implementation of the humanitarization of the technogenic society. Small improvements in the curriculum and the development of new pedagogical methods do not solve the main problem — the need to reorganize the higher education system in the modern world.
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Nelson, Lynn Hankinson. "A feminist naturalized philosophy of science." Synthese 104, no. 3 (September 1995): 399–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01064507.
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Suppes, Patrick. "Statistical concepts in philosophy of science." Synthese 154, no. 3 (February 6, 2007): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-006-9122-0.
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Ross, Peter W., and Dale Turner. "Existence problems in philosophy and science." Synthese 190, no. 18 (March 19, 2013): 4239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-013-0270-8.
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Hansson Wahlberg, Tobias. "Why the social sciences are irreducible." Synthese 196, no. 12 (June 29, 2017): 4961–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-017-1472-2.
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Ferrara, Alessandro. "The Idea of a Social Philosophy." Constellations 9, no. 3 (September 2002): 419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.00291.
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