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Krasnyak, Olga, Mik Fanguy, and Elena Tikhonova. "Linguistic Approaches in Teaching History of Science and Technology Courses through a Content Block on Cognitive Sciences." Journal of Language and Education 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2016-2-3-32-44.
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History of Science and Technology (HST) courses are increasingly becoming part of core curriculums for undergraduate students due to an increased emphasis on scientific literacy. HST courses should aim to help students gain an understanding of the nature of science and should enable them to reflect epistemologically. The authors suggest teaching HST courses through several interchangeable content blocks, and herein, present the material and discussion topics that they believe should be implemented in a content block on cognitive sciences through a linguistic component. Language has a special meaning for humankind as it indicates its unique ability in the evolutionary development and in creating a new social environment. Therefore, paying special attention to the linguistic component when teaching HST courses helps students obtain a basic level of linguistic knowledge as its interdisciplinary approaches are increased through the study of cognitive sciences such as evolutionary psychology, behavioral genetics, and artificial intelligence.In order to represent a practical meaning of linguistics in the processes of constructing social environment, the authors conducted an empirical study based on the analysis of media texts. We asked 63 sophomores majoring in social sciences and humanities, who are affiliated with the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia and the Moscow State Institute of International Relations to choose 60 media texts, both broadsheets and tabloids, on social and political content. Estimating and analyzing the surveys allowed the authors to determine students’ abilities to identify communicative strategies that were used in the media texts, to understand the role of the strategies in forming the social environment of a person or a group, and to recognize how using the tools of cognitive linguistics enhances sophisticated thinking and develops synergetic perceptions of every individual.
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Milenović, Živorad, and Vesna Minić. "Topics related to education in Baština journal between 1991 and 2020." Bastina, no. 53 (2021): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina31-31101.
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Education has always been socially conditioned. On the one hand, everything that happens in society necessarily reflects on the education process, and on the other hand, all changes in education cause changes in society. Baština journal, which used to be published by the Institute for the Study of Culture of Serbs, Montenegrins, Croats and Muslims in Priština from 1991 to 1997, and by the Institute for Serbian Culture in Priština since 1998, which has now been based in Leposavić since 1999, publishes papers in the field of social and humanistic sciences. These papers most often discuss topics in the field of Literature, History, History of Culture, Ethnology, Political Science and Sociology, and occasionally in the field of Ethnomusicology, Demography, Archeology, Art, Art History, Language, Literature and Aesthetics, while one journal issue published a special topic - Vladeta Vuković's Works. The journal has so far also included Discussions and Review, Chronicles and Composition. In this paper, the coauthors investigate the representation of education-related topics, as well as the character, scope and intensity of these topics in the Baština Journal from the first edition in 1991 to the latest edition in 2020. A retrospective study of scientific and professional papers showed that a total of 63 papers were published that directly and indirectly study education, primarily in the field of the history of pedagogy, general pedagogical topics and other education-related issues. These topics were mostly published within the History of Culture pillar. As a separate topic, Education was present only in two issues in 2007 and in one issue in 2009 and in the last two issues in 2020 within the Pedagogy course.
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Kellogg, Susan. "Histories for Anthropology: Ten Years of Historical Research and Writing by Anthropologists, 1980–1990." Social Science History 15, no. 4 (1991): 417–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021234.
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Editor’s Note: Susan Kellogg’s article on anthropology and history continues our special series “History and the Other Social Sciences.” There will be one further article, by David Robertson, on political science and history. An expanded version of the whole series will then be published as a book by Duke University Press.The past, once considered the exclusive domain of historians and antiquarians, has increasingly been embraced by anthropologists. Today, it is difficult to find a major anthropological study that does not claim to offer a diachronic, processual, historical analysis. In examining 10 years of historical anthropological writing, I cover three broad topics in this essay. First, I explain the emergence of a more historical anthropology as a widespread response to a crisis in the conceptualization of culture. Second, I argue that while there are certain identifiable themes that cut across this literature, in general, it reflects long-standing topical interests within anthropology; I review this literature according to these topics rather than divide it into interpretive or cultural studies versus studies of political economy. Third, I try to assess this body of work critically. I concentrate here on anthropological history as both research and textual practice, as well as briefly examine anthropological uses of the concepts of time, colonialism, and structure and agency.
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Knotter, Ad, and David Mayer. "Introduction." International Review of Social History 60, S1 (October 9, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859015000450.
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AbstractThis introduction presents the main topics and analytical concerns of the contributions to this Special Issue about ethnicity and migration in coalfield history in a global perspective. From the nineteenth century the development of industrial and transport technologies required the supply of coal-based energy in every part of the world. Nineteenth- and early twentieth-century globalization, including colonialism, would not have been possible without coal. Coalmining operations were launched in all world regions, and to enable exploitation mine operators had to find, mobilize, and direct workers to the mining sites. This quest for labour triggered a series of migration processes (both from nearby and far away) and resulted in a broad array of labour relations (both free and unfree). This introduction points to the variety of constellations analysed in the different contributions to this Special Issue. These cover cases from Africa (Nigeria, Zimbabwe), Asia (China, Japan), the Americas (USA, Brazil), Turkey, the Soviet Union, and western Europe (France, Germany), and a broad range of topics, from segregation, forced labour, and subcontracting to labour struggles, discrimination, ethnic paternalism, and sport.
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Gwiazdowicz, Dariusz J., and Tadeusz Janicki. "Human and Nature: Between Destruction and Creation." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 42, no. 1 (May 22, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sho.2024.42.1.001.
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The problem of interaction between man and nature throughout history is, relatively, rarely addressed by classical historiography. The session entitled Man and Nature: Between destruction and creation, organized and chaired by Prof. Tadeusz Janicki (Faculty of History, UAM, Poznań, Poland) and Prof. Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz (Department of Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland) on 24 August 2022 as part of the XXIII International Congress of Historical Sciences Poznań 2022, was an attempt to change this tendency and broaden the existing research perspective. The papers delivered during the occassion were the starting point for the preparation of a special issue of the journal Studia Historiae Oeconomicae (SHO), the primary purpose of which is interdisciplinary reflection by specialists from various scientific disciplines on the problem of destruction of natural landscapes and creation of cultural landscapes, along with other issues concerning the interaction between humans and the natural environment from prehistoric times to the present.This special issue of SHO consists of seven articles on diverse topics, analysing human interactions with nature through different historical periods, meanwhile taking into account their economic, civil, social and climatic conditions. The result is a multifaceted mosaic of topics that constitutes an original and interdisciplinary analysis of man’s relationship with nature, which may be a source of inspiration for readers and perhaps further research in this field.
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Giles, Howard, Karolina Hansen, Daniel Angus, and Cindy Gallois. "Prologue: History, Themes, Analysis, and Rationale." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 40, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x20978440.
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In this Special Issue, we commemorate 40 years of publishing research in the Journal of Language & Social Psychology (JLSP). We first provide a brief glimpse of the history of the field of language and social psychology and the emergence of JLSP within it. This is then developed further by exploring the themes—and the relationships between them—arising over the four decades of the journal, by means of a Leximancer analysis of the titles and abstracts of all research articles since the journal’s inception. We describe our data-driven rationale for the topics selected for the Anniversary Issue and provide an overview of the articles that follow this Prologue; we highlight their unique features and contributions to the advancement of the field of language and social psychology.
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Huppatz, D. J. "Introduction to Methodology: Virtual Special Issue for the Journal of Design History 2018." Journal of Design History 33, no. 1 (June 9, 2018): e25-e40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jdh/epy021.
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Abstract Design historians generally avoid extended self-reflection or discussion of how they conduct research. Typically, they use historical research methods, yet design historians have also used methods borrowed from art history, cultural and literary studies, anthropology, sociology or other social sciences. This Virtual Special Issue, comprising articles drawn from past issues of the Journal of Design History, addresses the state of design history’s methodology. While few authors in the Journal have focused specifically on the topic of methodology, their implicit adoption of an eclectic variety of research methods over the past thirty years is revealing. This Introduction seeks to contextualize a collection of twelve articles within a brief overview of methodologies in history, art history and design history. The articles are then linked to scholarship beyond the Journal of Design History, and the final section presents additional methodological possibilities for design historians.
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Romano, Rossana Barragán, and Leda Papastefanaki. "Women and Gender in the Mines: Challenging Masculinity Through History: An Introduction." International Review of Social History 65, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 191–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000774.
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AbstractThe role of women as mineworkers and as household workers has been erased. Here, we challenge the masculinity associated with the mines, taking a longer-term and a global labour history perspective. We foreground the importance of women as mineworkers in different parts of the world since the early modern period and analyse the changes introduced in coal mining in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the masculinization and mechanization, and the growing importance of women in contemporary artisanal and small-scale mining. The effect of protective laws and the exclusion of women from underground tasks was to restrict women's work more to the household, which played a pivotal role in mining communities but is insufficiently recognized. This process of “de-labourization” of women's work was closely connected with the distinction between productive and unproductive labour. This introductory article therefore centres on the important work carried out in the household by women and children. Finally, we present the three articles in this Special Theme and discuss how each of them is in dialogue with the topics addressed here. Many thanks also to Marie-José Spreeuwenberg for her invaluable engagement.
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Dydrov, Artur A. "Artificial intelligence: Mythologies of social studies." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 23, no. 3 (September 22, 2023): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-3-262-266.
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Introduction. The social integration of complex technologies is constantly accompanied by the mythologization of innovations and the creation of special discourses that function on the basis of secondary semiotic systems. Traditionally, the trend is associated with philistine (user) discursive practices. The hypothesis of the study is that mythologization is a complex process that takes place not only within the boundaries of non-professional communities, but also in the scientific world. Theoretical analysis. The technological mythology originated in the West in the context of the social sciences and has a predominantly empirical research background. Today several variations of the conceptualization of mythology in relation to technologies have been developed, which need to be significantly supplemented and refined. Empirical analysis. The general research method is the content analysis of the Scopus scientific database in the field of social sciences. The focus was on the topic of artificial intelligence as the main convergent technology. The reference base includes scientific papers for the decade (2010–2020), united by the theme, the subject and keywords. Conclusion. Research practices in the field of artificial intelligence have almost 60 years of history, which allows us to compare the results of analytics in the future, identify genetic patterns and features of scientific discourse, contrast the results of the analysis of Western content and Russian one, by identifying key discursive specifications.
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Vasile, Cristian. "The Institute of Philosophy in Communist Romania Under the Regime of Gheorghiu-Dej, 1949-65." History of Communism in Europe 9 (2018): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/hce201898.
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This paper examines some aspects of the institutional history of post-war Romanian philosophy, with a special focus on the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of People’s Republic of Romania. The aim of this article is to shed more light on the main aspects of philosophical research during cultural Stalinism, and to underline the inflexion points within Romanian “philosophical” writings between 1948 and 1965. I examined the lack of human resources and its impact on the emergence of Marxist-Leninist philosophy, as well as the main research topics studied at the Philosophy Section of the Institute of History and Philosophy and Institute of Philosophy especially in the 1950s. I focused also on the context of unmasking and purging of the “philosophical” front mainly in late 1950s, underlining the Agitprop fight against Revisionism and “bourgeois” influence in social sciences. The avatars of the philosophical field are analysed through the lens of professor’s Constantin Ionescu Gulian’s destiny as an important manager of the institutions producing philosophy during the aforementioned period.
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Nguyen, Ngoc Tho, and Jana S. Rošker. "A Journey of a Thousand Miles Begins with a Single Step." Asian Studies 8, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2020.8.2.7-13.
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This special issue of Asian Studies is dedicated to Confucianism in Vietnam. The idea of this topic has a rather long history. It can be traced back to the second biennial conference of the World Consortium for Research on Confucian Cultures (WCRCC), which took place in Vietnam in 2016 and was hosted by the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University––Ho Chi Minh City under the theme “Confucianism as a Philosophy of Education for the Contemporary World”.
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Pushkareva, Natalia L., and Yilei Li. "Женская история в трудах китайских ученых второй половины ХХ в." Oriental studies 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 404–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-66-2-404-416.
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Introduction. In the context of the current postmodern upheaval, the need to define each trend and field in sciences dealing with the past gains special significance. The article attempts an analytical review of achievements in the study of the ‘women’s theme’ in contemporary historical sciences of Mainland China between 1949 and 1999. Goals. The work aims to examine the accumulation of knowledge concerning the ‘second sex’ (long considered non-principal); review the history of how previously unknown sources or overlooked aspects and plots relating to legal, family, social statuses of Chinese women have been introduced into scientific discourse; identify prerequisites and causes for the emergence of new fields in disciplines dealing with the past (women’s history of China and anthropology of gender); explore main stages in the development of the research trend to determine its significance for contemporary Chinese and world science. Results. The paper proves that the Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing, 1995) served a dividing line in the shaping of the new history research agenda. It was after 1995 that corresponding academic endeavors were launched in various cities and universities, scientific schools formed, and their leaders came forth. Conclusions. The emergence of the new field in China’s science was inevitable since it had been predetermined by a change in cognitive orientations. Women’s history brought together those who were ready to combine Marxist methodology (with its deliberate attention to socioeconomic problems) with the concept of gender (which allowed an introduction of topics never studied by Chinese historians).
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Ethington, Philip, and Eileen McDonagh. "The Eclectic Center of the New Institutionalism." Social Science History 19, no. 4 (1995): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017478.
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This special sectionof Social Science Historylaunches a series of five articles illustrative of what we believe is an eclectic center in the development of historical studies of institutions and policies, often termed the “new institutionalism.” The new institutionalism emerged in the early 1980s in reaction to “a long season in which social forces and processes were the predominant topics of study” (Orren and Skowronek 1986). While the precise role of institutions varies according to the practitioner, hallmarks of the new institutionalism include a portrayal of institutions as semiautonomous actors; a contextualization of institutions within sociohistorical processes (and vice versa); a recognition of inefficiency, contingency, and accident in history; and a recognition of the relative autonomy of ideas and symbolic action in historical development (March and Olsen 1984, 1989; Krasner 1984; Smith 1988; Katznelson 1992). As is expected of new paradigms, the entry of the new institutionalism into the intellectual community has been marked by an array of polemics against its predecessors, “old” schools defined by “old institutionalism,” behaviorism, and structural functionalism. It has also generated a wave of spirited counterattacks (Mitchell 1991; Bendix et al. 1992; Ethington and McDonagh forthcoming).
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Miakinchenko, Iryna. "UKRAINIAN CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS’ ACTIVITY TO COUNTERACT SPREADING SOCIALLY DANGEROUS DISEASES (THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 21ST CENTURY)." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 10 (June 30, 2022): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112034.
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The aim of the article is to study Ukrainian church and religious organizations’ activity directed at counteracting spreading socially dangerous diseases (the first decade of the 21st century). The research methodology is based on the set of general scientific methods usage (analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization, generalization, etc.) as well as special historical methods (historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-systematic). The study applies an interdisciplinary approach, manifested through the usage of the categorical procedures of other sciences. This, in its turn, made it possible to form valid statements and conclusions of the scientific research. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that Ukrainian church and religious organizations’ activity to counteract spreading socially dangerous diseases at the beginning of the 21st century is discussed on the basis of a comprehensive range of historical sources. The topic has not been the subject of a separate scientific analysis yet. As the result, the author concludes that a systematic activity of Ukrainian church and religious organizations to counteract socially dangerous diseases was founded in the first decade of the 21st century. This was due to the organizational network formation of church and religious organizations and their transformation into an important social institution of civil society. The main focus was on counteracting the spread of HIV/AIDS at the same time. The inclusion of the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations was important in strengthening its work. Both the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations and some church and religious organizations were supported by the state government of Ukraine. Thus, church and religious organizations in Ukraine opened rehabilitation centers for drug and alcohol addicts, cared for HIV-infected people; conducted thematic scientific and educational events within the framework of activity to counterpart spreading socially dangerous diseases in the first decade of the 21st century.
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Simonova, Olga. "The Study of Emotions as an Area of Interdisciplinary Cooperation: The History and Sociology of Emotions in the Search for the Explanation of “Emotional Turn” (On the Russian Translation of the Jan Plamper’s The History of Emotions)." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 17, no. 3 (2018): 356–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2018-3-356-378.
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A review of Y. Plamper’s book The History of Emotions could hardly reflect its content of the process of the emergence of the history of the discipline of emotions, and the rich variety of problems and themes in the field of emotion research. Therefore, the topic of this article concerns the meaning of this monograph for the sociological study of emotions. We tried to highlight the points of the intersection of the history and the sociology of emotions, including the sociological explanation of the so-called “emotional turn” in social sciences and humanities and in everyday life of contemporary society. The main theoretical and methodological opposition — social constructivism versus universalism/naturalism — pervades all sciences researching emotions today, and a researcher’s destiny depends on the choice within the framework of this opposition. Plamper’s book allows the making of that choice, while inciting researchers to a synthetic approach. The book helps to refine and enrich the sociological study of emotions on the basis of factual evidence and new terminology. One of the most important tasks of both disciplines is the explanation of the changes of the emotional culture of modern societies, which, according to the author of the article, involves an “explosion” of interest in emotions in theory, research, and everyday life. Perhaps a new “sentimental age” has begun as an unintended consequence of the rationalization of all spheres of society. The combination of a rational attitude to emotions and, at the same time, the special attention to feelings, the explosions of collective emotions, and the persistent searching for authentic feelings are features of the emotional culture of our time.
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Honecker, Martin. "Von der Dreiständelehre zur Bereichsethik." Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik 43, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/zee-1999-0135.
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Abstract Social ethics today is understood as an ethics of the institutions of human social interaction. It originated as a discipline during the 19th century under the influence of the modern social sciences. Thus it is a child of the Enlightenment. A Look at the history of ethics, however, reveals that the reformational theory of the three estates (Dreiständelehre) represents an early stage in the development of social ethics. lts origin in Aristotelian philosophy, its development within the Lutheran Reformation, and its end in the Enlightenment are portrayed. Current differentiation of ethics into special areas (Bereichsethiken) as well as efforts to establish the ethos specific to and goveming the application of ethical principles to autonomaus areas of responsibility motivate the topic and intention of this reexamination of the historic theory of the three estates, especially with respect to its theological foundations
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Crowder, Michael. "World War II and Africa: Introduction." Journal of African History 26, no. 4 (October 1985): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700028747.
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Until the late 1970s the impact of the two world wars on Africa was a comparatively neglected area of its colonial history. In 1977 the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London drew attention to this neglect by organizing a symposium on the first of these two wars. A selection of the papers presented at that symposium was published in a special issue of this Journal in 1978. This proved to be a landmark in the study of the history of the First World War in Africa, which has since received much scholarly attention. By contrast, a survey written a few years ago of the Second World War in Africa could make relatively little use of original research. In 1983, however, the Académie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, Brussels, published a large collection of papers on the Belgian Congo in the Second World War, and in 1984 Richard Rathbone and David Killingray organized a further conference at S.O.A.S. on the impact on Africa of the Second World War. This elicited over thirty papers by scholars from Africa, Europe and North America; they not only provided extensive geographical coverage but also represented a wide variety of interests: political, economic, social and cultural. The conference organizers have since edited a selection of these papers in book form: the topics range from the impact of the war on labour in Sierra Leone to relations between the colonial government and Christian missions in southern Cameroons.
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Kamphuis, Kirsten, and Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk. "Education, Labour, and Discipline: New Perspectives on Imperial Practices and Indigenous Children in Colonial Asia." International Review of Social History 65, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000750.
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AbstractThis article provides an introduction to the two articles in this Special Theme on education, labour, and discipline in colonial Asia. It offers a brief historiography of education to indigenous children in the colonial context provided by non-state as well as state actors. We argue that while many studies have separated the motives behind, and actions of, these different actors in relation to education and “civilizing missions”, it is worthwhile connecting these histories. Moreover, apart from looking at motives, the articles in this Special Theme aim to show the value of studying educational practices in a colonial context. Finally, this introduction identifies several opportunities for future – comparative as well as transnational – studies into the topic of education, child labour, and discipline.
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McDonald, C., and D. R. Cotter. "Special Issue: Psychosis from early intervention to treatment resistance." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 36, no. 4 (November 21, 2019): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2019.40.
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Psychotic disorders are central to mental health service provision and a common theme of academic research programmes in Ireland, which explore the neurobiological and psychosocial risk factors underpinning the development and progression of these illnesses. While we await the discovery of novel pharmacological treatment targets for psychotic disorders, it is important to employ our existing management strategies to optimal effect. In this special issue on psychosis, a selection of clinical research studies and reviews from Irish researchers, and often of Irish populations, are brought together which span the trajectory of psychotic illness from early intervention to treatment resistance. The topics include the characteristics and course of first episode psychosis cohorts, real-world evaluation of early intervention services, management strategies for treatment resistant schizophrenia and neurobiological research into social stress. The current editorial provides an overview of these papers and highlights the initial steps of the Irish Psychosis Research Network towards developing an integrated clinical research network focusing on the treatment and research into psychotic disorders.
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Bintliff, John. "Journal of Greek Archaeology Volume 4: Editorial." Journal of Greek Archaeology 4 (January 1, 2019): v. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v4i.472.
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This our fourth volume is unusually rich and varied in content. Geographically the articles range from Sicily via Greece to Anatolia and the Near East, while chronologically they extend from the Bronze Age to the Ottoman era. Thematically we have a set of papers in landscape studies which include agricultural history, settlement geography, regional comparisons; articles on material culture which encompass metallurgy, ceramics, the links between language and artefacts, and production and trade; papers on aspects of human social science such as palaeopathology and deformity, gender studies and the representation of the supernatural; historical perspectives are finally represented by articles on fortifications and Islamisation. A special treat is a lengthy presentation of the survey and excavation at the recently-discovered Mycenaean palace in the Sparta Valley. Our review section is even broader, running from the Palaeolithic through to aspects of presentday heritage studies, and covering an equally wide field of topics.
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Thévenot, Laurent. "Postscript to the Special Issue: Governing Life by Standards." Social Studies of Science 39, no. 5 (September 17, 2009): 793–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312709338767.
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Standardization has been extended far beyond the industrial world. It participates in governing our lives and the lives of all living entities by producing public guarantees in the form of standards. Social studies of medicine have provided a precious contribution to advancing standardization as a topic of inquiry, most notably through investigations of the relationship between ‘regulation’ and ‘objectivity’, drawn together in the concept of the standard. This postscript discusses this contribution from the point of view of ‘regimes of engagement’, that is, a variety of ways in which humans are committed to their environment — from public stances to the closest forms of proximity — and in pursuit of a kind of ‘good’. These regimes are distinguished according to the good they promise, as well as the degree to which the guarantee being offered can be held in common. The discussion in this postscript extends the critique raised by scholarship on standards by taking into account the oppression and subjugation that standardization can engender.
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Reisenzein, Rainer, and Udo Rudolph. "The Discovery of Common-Sense Psychology." Social Psychology 39, no. 3 (January 2008): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.39.3.125.
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This special issue of Social Psychology commemorates the 50th anniversary of Fritz Heider’s 1958 book The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. The contributions to the special issue address the history and current state of attribution research, or illustrate contemporary research in the field. The historical articles document that Heider’s analysis of causal attribution and of common-sense psychology was significantly influenced by his academic teachers Alexius Meinong and Ernst Cassirer. We distinguish between the mainstream reception of Heider’s book, which has given rise to an extensive empirical research program, and a minority reception by authors who emphasized aspects of Heider’s thinking not well represented in mainstream psychology. Currently, there are indications of a “back to Heider” movement in social psychology. This new phase of attribution research is inspired by a fresh reading of Heider’s book, and is marked by an interdisciplinary orientation. The articles illustrating current attribution research address both classic and novel topics: the causality implicit in language, the role of causal attribution in hindsight bias, the justification of actions, and the attribution of mistakes in organizational contexts.
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Skran, Claudena, and Evan Easton-Calabria. "Old Concepts Making New History: Refugee Self-reliance, Livelihoods and the ‘Refugee Entrepreneur’." Journal of Refugee Studies 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez061.
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Abstract Although not new topics in the field of refugee studies, self-reliance, livelihoods and entrepreneurship have recently taken on a heightened emphasis. However, critical questions remain regarding how and by whom self-reliance is defined and measured, and the intended and unintended outcomes of historical and contemporary efforts to foster it. This introductory article highlights key points arising from the Special Issue and presents a short history of the evolution of the concept of self-reliance in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, including its linkage to livelihoods. The article then discusses contemporary connections between self-reliance and entrepreneurship vis-à-vis the promotion of the ‘refugee entrepreneur’. It concludes with a brief overview of the articles and themes in the issue. Overall, the article argues for an expanded definition of refugee self-reliance that promotes social as well as economic components and moves beyond narrowly implemented programmes targeting individual and market-based solutions.
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Zaytseva, Tatyana. "Court Studies in Russian Medieval Studies: Review of the Latest Publications." ISTORIYA 14, no. 3 (125) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024965-0.
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The article presents the Russian medieval studies on the European courts in the Middle Ages and early Modern period. The review is based on the Russian materials on the history of France, England, Germany, Italy and Spain published during 2000—2020. Consideration is given to the following aspects: the role of the study of the court in the political history of the Middle Ages and the very understanding of this phenomenon; the geography of scientific centers, forms and types of publications; the boundaries of research; the topics studied within them, perspectives, special subjects; methodological and historiographical debates. Suggestions are being made regarding the reasons for active development of court studies and their transformation into an independent scientific field (associated both with the peculiarities of medieval studies itself, and with evolution of humanitarian knowledge and social context in general).
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Barandiarán, Javiera, and Casey Walsh. "Production/destruction in Latin America." Journal of Political Ecology 24, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v24i1.20962.
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Abstract Rural production has long been a central topic for social sciences and history of Latin America, and scholars have noted the ways that societies and environments form around productive systems. Inspired by Gastón Gordillo's 2014 book Rubble, this article introduces a Special Section of the JPE that shifts the focus to the inseparably destructive aspects of production. We acknowledge the temporal dynamics of booms and busts in Latin American commodity production, but challenge recent tendencies to glorify destruction as necessarily and positively creative. Framing the issue as a question for Science and Technology Studies, we argue that treating technologies as rubble can shed light on dynamics of historical change, social contestation, and environmental destruction that are too often overlooked. Key words: environment, Latin America, creative destruction, Rubble, science and technology
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Larina, Nadezhda A., Daria A. Voitenko, and Elena L. Malyutina. "SOCIAL COMMUNICATION AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL: ON THE ISSUE OF INTERACTION WITH THE LOCAL COMMUNITY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 9/4, no. 129 (2022): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2022.09.04.013.
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The article deals with the management of social communications. Exploring the issues of organizing cooperation and interaction between journalists from a regional television company and the local community, the authors focus on understanding new approaches to managing social communications that are in demand in the difficult conditions of today. The article focuses on the need to consolidate modern Russian society, which today is becoming extremely relevant in the course of our country's entry into new socio-economic conditions and in the context of a special military operation. The article attempts to analyze the capabilities of a regional television company in uniting the civilian population of a municipality, when federal television channels cannot cover the entire volume of topics of interest to the regional audience, do not provide the proper opportunity to be involved in the process of discussing and solving problems, in contrast to regional channels representing local color and features. The authors identify the means (TV projects “Honorary Citizens of Troitsk” and “Stories about Troitsk”) that allow you to feel your involvement in the history of the country and form pride in its heroes, both of past years and those who “write” its history today. Analyzing the editorial policy of the TV channel, based on coverage of various aspects of the life of Troitsk and its residents, the authors note that the TV channel's programs cover a wide range of issues relevant to the townspeople: in addition to daily news, the TV channel broadcasts meetings with government officials, heads of enterprises and organizations; indicate that with a certain frequency, activists of local public organizations appear in the programs. The authors substantiate the expediency of wide use of the possibilities of regional television as an affordable and effective tool for consolidating the local community.
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Jones, Catherine J. "Teaching Bioethics in the Law School Classroom: Recent History, Rapid Advances, the Challenges of the Future." American Journal of Law & Medicine 20, no. 4 (1994): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800006833.
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I began teaching Health and the Law in January, 1985. Louise Brown, the world's first “test tube” baby, was six years old. Karen Ann Quinlan, whose ventilator had been disconnected years earlier, was still alive and being tube fed in a New Jersey nursing home. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was a still little understood disease. Although forward looking scholars had been writing important books about access to expensive health care, few legal challenges had been made to alleged treatment (whether ordinary or extraordinary) refusals. Oh, what a difference a decade makes! In keeping with the theme of this issue, this article focuses on law and bioethics in the year 2000, particularly the teaching of bioethics. In some ways the challenges of teaching bioethics in the year 2000, or anytime, are the challenges of teaching any course in the year 2000, or anytime. In other ways, the special topics covered in a bioethics (or any health law) course and the dramatic impact on the area of health law by science, medicine, and technology make the challenges far more difficult than in many other areas of the law.
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He, Mingli, Weiping Yu, and Xiaoyun Han. "Bibliometric Review on Corporate Social Responsibility of the Food Industry." Journal of Food Quality 2022 (June 30, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7858396.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the food industry has received increasing attention in recent years. Many scholars have paid attention to case studies and other empirical analyses in this field, but there is no systematic or scientific literature review. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the knowledge structure, research hotspots, and development history in CSR in the food industry. After searching, screening, and commenting, 498 articles were left for citation analysis, co-citation analysis, and co-word analysis. The main findings of the research are as follows: (1) The overall development status of the research in the field. The analysis of the three fields that constitute the knowledge structure. (2) Research in this field has become a hot spot, but the research is rather scattered, and the scholars and experts do not have a special research core. (3) The keywords’ cluster results in 9 clustering tags, which are further grouped into 7 groups. The research of the scholars focuses on the food supply chain, consumer perception, and social media communication. (4) The research topics in this field focus on environmental responsibility, nutrition and health, and food safety. The research results show that future research should be more in-depth and reflect the new characteristics of the Internet, digitalization, and big data.
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Sylla, Edith. "The Oxford Calculators in Context." Science in Context 1, no. 2 (September 1987): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700000387.
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The ArgumentOur understanding of the predisposing factors, the nature, and the fate of the Oxford Calculatory tradition can be significantly increased by seeing it in its social and institutional context. For instance, the use of intricate imaginary cases in Calculatory works becomes more understandable if we see the connection of these works to undergraduate logical disputations. Likewise, the demise of the Calculatory tradition is better understood in the light of subsequent efforts at educational reform.Unfortunately, too little evidence remains about the Calculators and their context to enable anything like a full reconstruction of the relation of the Oxford Calculators' work to its context. Nevertheless, seeking out and fitting together the bits of information that do remain can add to our insight. Among the topics worth further research are the relation of training in calculationes to later careers in church or government, and the special features of the Calculatory tradition as a tradition consisting of multiple parallel manifestations closely interconnected with other disciplines, ranging from logic and natural philosophy to theology and medicine.
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Noskova, Olga G. "HISTORY OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY: SUBJECT-ACTIVITY APPROACH." Moscow University Psychology Bulletin, no. 2 (2021): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/vsp.2021.02.04.
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Relevance. History of science is a necessary component of its progressive development; however, the history of Russian applied psychology has not been sufficiently studied. Purpose of the work: to present the results of the author’s historical and psychological works carried out on the basis of the subject-activity approach. Research method. The study uses systemic methodology and the subject-activity approach based on the provisions of Marxist philosophy, theory of science and traditions of Russian psychology and its history (A.A. Bogdanov, E.A. Budilova, E.A. Klimov and others). It also uses analogies for a better understanding of the unity of consciousness principle and the activity of its subject (an individual scientist, a group of researchers and practitioners, society as a whole, as a collective subject). The study demonstrates the advantages of the methodology chosen in comparison with the one adopted by scientists who are limited by the cognitive resources of one-sided approaches (for example, the traditions of internalism or externalism) in historical and psychological research. Sample. The article provides an overview of the author’s most important publications on historical and psychological topics over the past 35 years. Results. The study presents the author’s research of the formation, development and transformation of applied psychology on the example of psychological sciences on labor and working people carried out in Russia from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 21st century, in correlation with the events of the country’s civil history. The author analyzes the development of certain scientific problems (problems of social psychology of labor, problems of working capacity and fatigue, the prehistory of competence-based approach in psychology, problems of safety psychology in ergatic systems, etc.). It also presents the analysis of the work done by a number of leading Russian psychologists in this field. The results of the research are included in the program of the special course “History of Applied Psychology”. Conclusions. The study formulates the main provisions of the subject-activity approach in historical and psychological research and the possibilities of its application in order to understand the past of psychology and predict the trends of its future development.
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Ivanova, S. V. "FRONTIER PHENOMENON IN A SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 39, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.02.04.
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Vitalij V. Otroschenko made a great contribution to the study of Copper and Bronze Age cultures in Ukraine. His researches of absolute and relative chronology, cultural changes and cultural coexistence have particular interest in the context of this article. They allow a reader to focus more reasonably on cultural and historical processes of North-Western Black Sea and Balkan-Carpathian regions staying within the frame of the frontier theory.
Most of researchers on the topic consider the «frontier» as a special zone of interference of different cultures. The frontier is also meant a special area where several cultures meet, shaping new socio-cultural relations. The frontier differs from deeper territory in higher mobility, where movement of large groups of people create new forms of cultural and social contacts. The system of intercultural communication depends on many factors, including the history of formation of the cultural landscape of the territory where intercultural communication is taking place.
Originally, the concept of «frontier» was applied exclusively to American history, but now we meet it in works related to the history of Ukraine. The situation of the frontier zone has begun to attract archeologists though in a rather narrow area concerning social changes (in the context of anthropological archeology).
The special nature of the source base of history and archaeology, especially in the preliterate period, determines similarities and differences of frontier problems studying by these sciences. The specificity of archaeological artefacts, on which the study of archaeological cultures relies to a large extent, must also be taken into account: they can spread over quite long distances in the means of exchange, without people movement.
In archaeological research of European Bronze Age, the Pit Grave (Yamnaya) culture is in the great importance; interest towards it has been reinforced by the latest genetic research. The mobility of society, innovation in the material culture of its western range allowed us to consider the Pit Grave cultural and historical community within the frontier theory.
At the same time, the comparison of two adjacent frontier zones (North-Western Black Sea Coast and Balkan-Carpathian area) made it possible to compare their common and special traits, in the context of their interconnection and mutual influences, taking into account the aspect of social identification.
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Koller, Andreas. "The Public Sphere and Comparative Historical Research." Social Science History 34, no. 3 (2010): 261–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200011263.
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In state-of-the-field surveys of historical sociology and of historical social science at large, the study of the public sphere is missing. The rise of historical social science has not led to an established tradition of comparative historical research on the public sphere. This article gives an introduction to this topic and to this special issue, seeking to clarify the definition of the object of study and its stakes and providing an overview of analytic and historical dimensions relevant to the comparative historical study of the public sphere. The article argues that this search for an integrative framework is a necessary condition for well-defined comparative historical research, for incorporating the fragmented research from numerous disciplines, and thus for improving our understanding of the historical formation and the transformations of this central sphere of social life.
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Martinovich, Vladimir. "The Anti-Cult Discourse of Print Media: Problematization of the Role of the Anti-Cult Movement." Sociological Journal 27, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2021.27.2.8089.
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This article is devoted to analyzing the anti-cult discourse in the Republic of Belarus in 1996–2000. The print media and the anti-cult movement are selected as objects of research because of their significant role in this discourse. The main features when it comes to covering the topic of new religious movements by both actors are investigated by method of standardized survey of texts on a sample of 521 anti-cult articles from 57 Belarusian newspapers. The range of variability of religious organizations identified as new religious movements is revealed, and their distribution by type of structure is analyzed. The results are compared to the estimated population universe of new religions of the Republic of Belarus. The frequency of their mentions is established, as well as a group of organizations that are criticized by actors, but have never operated in the country. The range of variability and frequency of use of special terminology is disclosed. The influence of the anti-cult discourse on changes in the evaluative connotations of special terms is analyzed. Different facts from the history and modern practice of the anti-cult movement are examined, all of which are particularly important in terms of understanding the specifics of its representatives’ attitudes towards non-specialized print media. The ambivalent nature of the coverage of the topic of new religions in the press and its influence on the anti-cult movement is noted. Special care is taken defining the place and role of print media and the anti-cult movement in the complex system of society’s anti-cult discourse. Based on the data obtained, the dominant theory of the unilateral influence of the anti-cult movement on print media is criticized. An alternative hypothesis on the complex genesis of anti-cult discourse is proposed, in which the specifics of its main features as perceived by each subject are influenced by many different factors. Two methodological problems related to searching for and recording materials relevant for analyzing this discourse and verifying this theory are identified.
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Lee, In-pyo. "Theoretical Considerations on the Consilient Liberal Arts in Classes of Writing by Discipline." Korean Association for Literacy 14, no. 6 (December 31, 2023): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37736/kjlr.2023.12.14.6.05.
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This study theoretically examines the consilient themes of the discourses addressed in the classes of “writing by discipline.” Discipline-specific writing has the advantage of easily motivating students to learn. However, there is also a risk that writing classes that should hone the language of public discourse may will focus only on practical language for each discipline. Thus, this study explores discursive topics that can be differentiated by discipline and can also be consilient through public language.
This study examines the ideological question, “Do humans exist as individuals or as a society?” as a topic that can be addressed in a writing class of the humanities and social sciences department. As a science and technology topic, it examines the question, “Is science and technology the exclusive property of individuals or society?” Furthermore, as a medical topic, it examines the question, “Do life and the body belong to the subject or to others?” Finally, even though they are differentiated in this way, we theoretically explore the point where they are ultimately consilient through the question of modernity, “the subject or the other?”
The point at which the questions of modernity are differentiated gives rise to discourses that can inspire special learning motivation for each discipline. However, the point of consilience is the point where these can be elevated to universal, contemporary public discourse. This is because it is a broad, reflective question posed by modernity in our time. Therefore, the questions that this study explores will be suitable as a discursive topic through which contemporary writing learners can fundamentally reflect on the specificity and universality of their discipline.
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Chan, Pui-Kai. "Economic and Public Affairs: An Education for Citizenship in Hong Kong." Citizenship, Social and Economics Education 1, no. 2 (June 1996): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/csee.1996.1.2.97.
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Economic and Public Affairs (EPA) has been an integrated study of social, economic and political education for the junior secondary classes in Hong Kong since 1984, the year in which the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong was signed. The Hong Kong students could, from then onwards have an opportunity to receive an education for citizenship, in preparation for the post-Joint-Declaration era from 1984 till the end of June, 1997. The scope of content in the three-year curriculum was analysed to have covered mainly the aspect of social education, while that for economic and political education was surprisingly insufficient, if a balanced ‘education for citizenship’ was intended. A revised syllabus with a set of new and re-arranged topics in social, economic and political education was proposed, to cater for the needs of Hong Kong students from 1996 to the beginning years of the new Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). It is extremely important and urgent for Hong Kong teachers to commit themselves more actively than at any other time in the Hong Kong history since 1841, to facilitate an education for citizenship in schools.
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Kannike, Anu, and Jana Reidla. "Striving towards Social Relevance: New Curatorial Interpretations of the Soviet Period in Estonian and Latvian Museums." Lithuanian Historical Studies 25, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 175–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02501006.
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The main museums in Estonia and Latvia have lately staged new exhibitions that proceed from a contemporary museological approach and reflect the results of historical research. The article compares three cases which present alternative but complementary interpretations of the Soviet period. The authors pay special attention to the application of the biographical method prominent in contemporary cultural research, and the museological method of multivocality. They conclude that in the case of multivocality, effectively addressing different visitor groups is a great challenge to curators. There is a risk that the simplified mediation of contradictory memories and views will leave a gap for visitors with less prior knowledge about the subject of the exhibition. In large exhibition teams, the curator has a crucial role to play in negotiating with team members to prevent the concept from dispersing. In the cases studied, it is possible to observe the curators’ views and detect a similar attempt to interpret complex topics through biographies. The analysis concludes that in the context of contemporary museological approaches, the voice of the curator remains essential, especially when mediating exhibits, for they cannot speak for themselves.
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Cambrosio, Alberto, Peter Keating, Thomas Schlich, and George Weisz. "Biomedical Conventions and Regulatory Objectivity." Social Studies of Science 39, no. 5 (September 17, 2009): 651–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312709334640.
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This special issue of Social Studies of Science centers on the topic of regulation in medicine and, in particular, on the notion of regulatory objectivity, defined as a new form of objectivity in biomedicine that generates conventions and norms through concerted programs of action based on the use of a variety of systems for the collective production of evidence. The papers in the special issue suggest ways in which the notion of regulatory objectivity can be tested, extended, revised, or superseded by more appropriate notions. They insist on the need to examine more closely clinical-therapeutic (and not just clinical-research) activities, and to pay more attention to the activities of regulatory agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration and to standard-setting organizations. They call attention to the professional and organizational activities surrounding the mobilization of conventions for regulating clinical practices. Finally, they provide material that can help us to think about how analytical notions such as regulatory objectivity may or may not inform interventionist research projects.
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Saprykina, Olga Aleksandrovna, and Olga Yurievna Shkolnikova. "Genres of Old Provençal poetry in the Works of Italian Troubadours: Reception and Interpretation." Litera, no. 11 (November 2023): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.11.69129.
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This article is devoted to the study of the development of Old Provençal poetry in Italy in the 12th-13th centuries. Using specific examples from the work of early Italian troubadours (Peire de la Caravana, Peire de la Mula, Sordello, Lanfranco Cigala, etc.), the authors examine in detail such aspects of the topic as the reception and interpretation of the tradition of Old Provençal poetry. Of all the genres of poetry in the works of Italian troubadours, the most developed are the “political” and “social” ones — sirventes and tenso, which should be seen as an intensification of the participation of poets in the social and political life of Italy. All this can be studied by reflection in poetic creativity of the 12th-century and 13th-century Italian troubadours. In this regard, the authors of the article pay special attention to poetic works belonging to these two genres. The relevance of this study lies in a comprehensive linguistic, literary and historical approach to the consideration of the issue. The use of such an integrated approach allows to identify the main trends in the development of Provençal poetry, reasons associated with the historical context, as well as linguistic diversification associated with the choice of a particular genre. The authors come to the conclusion that the repertoire of poetic genres and the choice of language in which poetry is created changes depending on the dynamics of social and cultural conditions. The large number of sirvent and tenson is an important observation, indicating the presence of a social cultural context and space in which such political and satirical works and “impromptu” debates on a variety of topics were in demand. These genres will receive their further development in the history of Italian literature.
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Lee, A. Yeon, and Hyo Jeong Seo. "The School Life and Meanings of Middle School Students with Special Needs in the Inclusive Education Environment." Korean Journal of Special Education 58, no. 4 (March 30, 2024): 19–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15861/kjse.2024.58.4.19.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the school life of middle school students with special needs, focusing on general classes, special classes, and peer relationships, using the photovoice research method. Based on this, the study aims to examine the educational needs and supports needed by students with special educational need in middle school. To achieve this, five students from a special education class in the second year of middle school were selected as the research subjects. They participated in the photovoice study for four months from March to June 2023. Participants took part in orientation once, nine interviews on the topics of general education, special education, and peer relationships, photovoice exhibition once. Eleven individual and group interviews were conducted over a period of about four months, and the collected qualitative data were analyzed according to Wang & Burris’s the three steps of photovoice analysis. The analyzed data were categorized into four major categories, 11 sub categories, and 40 semantic units: “Half-hearted school life”, “My lonely day at school”, “Moments when I'm happy to have a friend”, and “the future I dream of”. The names of each category are based on the words, sentences, or parts of sentences expressed by the research participants themselves. The research process yielded the following findings: First, students with special educational need in middle school were experiencing both difficulties and pleasures in their academic performance during school. Second, students with special educational need in middle school had difficulty forming peer relationships and social interactions in the general classroom. Third, students with special educational need in middle school were experiencing intimacy through positive social interactions at school. Fourth, students with special educational need in middle school had expectations for those around them in school and dreams of what they wanted to be in adulthood.
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Wall, Richard, and Lloyd Bonfield. "Dimensions of inequalities among siblings." Continuity and Change 7, no. 3 (December 1992): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000001661.
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In July 1991, thirty-five scholars met at the fourteenth-century Certosa of Pontignano in Siena for a three-day colloquium (jointly sponsored by the Economic and Social Research Council, the Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique and the Università degli Studi di Siena) on the topic of relationships between cadets et aînés, or younger and elder siblings. The geographical interests of the participants ranged from the frontier of the North American continent to the whole of the European, while their collective temporal expertise extended from biblical times to the present. The structure of the thematic sessions and the specific issues addressed in the course of the colloquium had been set out in countless early meetings of a ‘scientific committee’, comprising Georges Ravis-Giordani, Pier Giorgio Solinas, Martine Segalen, Lloyd Bonfield and Richard Wall. In large measure, the membership of that committee with respect to discipline and the scholarly agenda that it produced resembled the articulated goals of Continuity and Change. It therefore seemed appropriate that a selection of papers read at the meeting, and subsequently revised in light of the lively dialogue that followed the formal presentations, should provide the basis for the fifth special issue to grace the pages of this journal.
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Bayuk, Dimitri. "Literature, Music, and Science in Nineteenth Century Russian Culture: Prince Odoyevskiy’s Quest for a Natural Enharmonic Scale." Science in Context 15, no. 2 (June 2002): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988970200042x.
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ArgumentAn attempt to understand and analyze a unique nineteenth-century musical instrument – the enharmonic piano from the collection of the Glinka Museum of Russian Musical Culture in Moscow – directs a historian towards Prince Vladimir Odoyevskiy’s efforts to construct a special musical scale corresponding to the indigenous tradition of Russian music. Known today mostly as an author of Romantic short stories, Odoyevskiy was also an amateur scientist and musician, a follower of Schelling’s Naturphilosophie, and a mystic. He tried to design his new musical scale and instruments on the basis of experimental science and mathematics. Odoyevskiy’s life-long search for a synthesis of literature, music, positive science, and spirituality demonstrates how the adaptation and appropriation of European arts preceded and paved the way towards the appropriation of European sciences among the educated élite in nineteenth-century Russia. The tensions inherent in the process led to Odoyevskiy’s nationalist rebellion against the European musical standard, the equal temperament. His call for a different musical scale remained largely ignored in the nineteenth century, until the topic was raised anew by twentieth-century composers and musicians.
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Matos, Marcela, and Marco Pereira. "Compassion." Psychologica 64, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8606_64-2_0.
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Compassion is an ancient concept but novel hot topic across the social sciences, from psychology, to sociology, to health, to communication and media, to politics and beyond. Burgeoning research has demonstrated the benefits of compassion for mental health and emotion regulation (e.g., MacBeth & Gumley, 2012; Matos et al., 2022), physiological health (e.g., Fredrickson et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2020; Klimecki et al., 2014), and interpersonal and social relationships (e.g., Crocker & Canevello, 2012; Yarnell & Neff, 2013). In particular, self-compassion has been shown to be a protective factor, increasing resilience to common mental health issues (e.g., shame, self-criticism; MacBeth & Gumley, 2012; Muris & Petrocchi, 2017) and promoting wellbeing (Zessin et al., 2015). In addition to compassion offering wellbeing benefits, compassion and self-compassion can also be cultivated and enhanced through interventions, in diverse populations and contexts, where they have been shown to promote well-being and to diminish mental health difficulties (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress, shame, self-criticism) (e.g., Craig et al., 2020; Ferrari et al., 2019; Kirby et al., 2017). Given the global challenges facing our world and the need for collective action, and inspired by the notion in evolutionary science that a conscious evolution toward a more compassionate world is possible (see Wilson, 2020), this special issue of the journal Psychologica presents research, applications and multi-cultural considerations related to compassion. In this special issue, several researchers and clinicians, including prominent names in the field and history of compassion, such as Prof. Paul Gilbert, made valuable contributions to expand the science of compassion and disseminate this knowledge into community, educational, clinical and public health settings. These studies are focused on different cultures (Portuguese, Australian, Singaporean), populations (clinical and nonclinical), age groups (adolescents and adults), clinical conditions (Borderline Personality Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder Hoarding Disorder), and applications (compassion-based programs for adolescents and adults, for distinct clinical conditions and with different formats). Let us give you a short-guided tour through the headlines of this special issue. (...)
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COSTEA PASCU, Alexandra. "ION POP RETEGANUL AS LITERARY HISTORIAN." Incursions into the imaginary 14, no. 1 (August 20, 2023): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/inimag.2023.14.15.
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After 1848, the area inhabited by Romanians outside the Carpathian Arc underwent profound mental and social changes, which culminated in 1859 with the Little Union of Moldova and Wallachia. However, the consciousness of race and language were not realities that manifested themselves only in these Romanian provinces, Transylvania being united in national feeling with the other Romanians, despite the special historical conditions in which it is located. This consciousness of Romanianness would eventually lead to the Great Union in 1918 in Alba Iulia. One of the promoters of national consciousness was Ion Pop Reteganul, whose activity was also carried out in literary history, which he approached from a moderately critical perspective. His teacher training left its mark on his writing because he tried to bring out always in evidence the moralizing side of any text he brought to his reader. In its pages of historical-literary journalism, this moralizing side is doubled by the admiration for the personalities it presents, their activity, and their creation, which touched on topics necessary for the growth of a healthy Romanian community as a mentality and recognition of its value.
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Beckwith, Christopher I. "COULD THERE BE A KOREAN–JAPANESE LINGUISTIC RELATIONSHIP THEORY? SCIENCE, THE DATA, AND THE ALTERNATIVES." International Journal of Asian Studies 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2010): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591410000070.
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The ethnolinguistic history of early East Asia depends on the comparative-historical study of the different languages. Scholars have long studied the early interrelationships among the major languages of East Asia, but only rarely according to the theory and methodology of scientific comparative-historical linguistics and linguistic typology, in which theories are expected to conform to the data. Among the many highly contested genetic relationship proposals in the region is the “Korean-Japanese theory”. Despite nearly a century of work by some very prominent scholars, no one has given a convincing demonstration of such a relationship, partly due to the paucity of supporting data, despite the fact that the two languages in question are vibrant and well attested. Now two leading scholars of Japanese and Korean linguistics who are familiar with each other's work, J. M. Unger and A. Vovin, have almost simultaneously published new books on the topic, one in favor of the theory, one against it. The contributions and flaws of the two books, and their position relative to the development of a scientific tradition of comparative-historical linguistics, are discussed. Special attention is paid to Koguryo, the extinct Japanese-related language once spoken on the Korean Peninsula that is crucial to any discussion of the historical relationship of Japanese and Korean.
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Samarin, Alexander Y. "The Idea of D.D. Shamray’s Doctoral Dissertation “Free Printing Houses of the Eighteenth Century (1783—1796)”." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 68, no. 5 (November 27, 2019): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2019-68-5-535-542.
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The article considers the unpublished heritage of D.D Shamray (1886—1971), book historian, bibliologist, library scientist and bibliographer, employee of the Imperial Public Library (State Public Library named after M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, now — The National Library of Russia, NLR), connected with his idea of doctoral thesis on the period of free printing in Russia (1783—1796) in the beginning of 1950s. Archival materials on this topic are stored in the Department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library (RSL) and the Department of archival documents of the NLR. The plan of dissertation “Free Printing Houses of the Eighteenth Century (1783—1796)” and the unpublished work “The New Printing House of the Academy of Sciences, 1758—1783” reveal the idea of D.D. Shamray. These materials show that the scientist intended to pay special attention to the study of social, cultural, political prerequisites for the emergence of “free printing”, including the repertoire of manuscript books of the 18th century, and to highlight the practice of private orders in state printing plants as a prehistory of free printing. D.D. Shamray planned to create “Book chronicle of free printing houses”, understanding it as the compilation of complete bibliography of published products prepared in private printing houses during the period of “free printing”. D.D. Shamray widely used archival sources, mainly the documents of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences (now — St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences), citing some of them in their entirety. However, the scientist did not reach the level of wide generalization and as a result, most of his texts on this topic remained unpublished. The study of materials on the unrealized plan of D.D. Shamray testifies to the important historiographical significance of the unpublished works for the complete understanding of the history of the scientific process in the field of domestic book studies and the history of book.
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Белавин, А. М. "Археологические исследования ИГИ УрО РАН." Perm Scientific Center Journal, no. 3 (December 7, 2023): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7242/2658-705x/2023.3.6.
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The article describes the results of field and desk research of the Department of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Humanitarian Research Institute of PFRC UB RAS at the present stage, it analyzes the directions and topics of the conducted research. Of special interest is the study of the Rozhdestvenskiy archaeological complex - the city of Afkul dating back tothe X–XIV centuries, which is a part of the social and economic zone of Volga Bulgaria. The high level of development of metallurgical craft in the spheres of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy is noted. The most important and exciting discovery of recent years has been the study of a coppersmith’s workshop, which is the only one found in the archaeological sites of medieval times in the Volga-Kama region. Brief results are given of the Plotnikovo burial ground studies reflecting the process of ethnogenesis of Komi-Permyaks. The archaeological materials reveal direct links with the region of Novgorodchina. The results of the Ugorian epoch studies in Prikamye region are considered, the main results of the Bayanovo burial ground studies are described. The conclusions are drawn about the originality of medieval Prikamye jewellery working.The research has been carried out on the period of Russian colonization. The results are presented of complex historical and linguistic studies aimed at identifying the ancient water-drawn system in Perm Prikamye and the ways of penetration of the old Russian population into the region
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Cavallaro Johnson, Greer, and Isabella Paoletti. "Orienting to the category “ordinary – but special” in an Australian-Italian courtship and marriage narrative." Narrative Inquiry 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.14.1.09cav.
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This article explores the possibilities of working ethnomethodological and conversation analysis methods into narrative analytic research, in relation to the understanding of narrative practices and identity work carried out in the course of the interview interaction. More specifically, we discuss how a storyteller (Olivia) in a research interview inserts a complaint story about her mother's intense objection to her choice of partner, into a relatively ordinary romance tale, and subsequently subverts it. Various conversational strategies, such as recipient design, topic shift and evaluation and assessment, are worked alongside the narrative dimensions of tellibility, tellership and moral stance (Ochs & Capps, 2001) to demonstrate the narrative achievement of an ordinary – but special – identity, in the retelling of events related to Olivia's courtship and the first few weeks of her marriage. (Australian-Italian Narrative Research, Ethnomethodology, Conversation Analysis)
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Petin, D. I. "THE WORD ABOUT THE OFFICER OF THE CHURCH (A REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH BY A.V. SUSHKO «LIFE, MINISTRY AND FEAT OF PRIEST VASILIY FEOFANOVICH INFANTIEV»)." Northern Archives and Expeditions 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31806/2542-1158-2021-5-3-54-63.
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The publication is an analytical review of the monograph by Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Alexei Vladimirovich Sushko «Life, ministry and feat of priest Vasiliy Feofanovich Infantiev», published and presented in the city of Omsk this year. The author of the monograph under review — a supporter of interdisciplinary research, including the historical and anthropological approach — is one of the authoritative academic specialists engaged in the study of the socio-political sphere during the revolution and the Civil War in Russia. The book prepared in the genre of microhistory in relation to the Omsk Irtysh Region covers the activities of the Orthodox clergy, their relationship with the official authorities, the operational work of the Soviet security agencies aimed at the decomposition of religious institutions, and also affects everyday life during the period of national history, associated with the transformation of the state and society in the era social cataclysms. The source base and methodology of the analyzed edition, which differs from the developments of historiography, in our opinion, makes a significant contribution to the study of church and social history of the first third of the twentieth century. The principles of consistency and determinism made it possible to analyze the publication considered as a phenomenon of science, which has its own structure, at the same time, which is part of the community of historical and local history knowledge. Based on the specifics of the topic, the main scientific method used to write this publication is problematic. Along with originality, novelty, as well as a number of other undoubted advantages of the book novelty, the review reflects subjective critical passages, which are regarded as possible ways for further improving the study of the topic. The author of the review comes to the conclusion that Alexey Vladimirovich Sushko presented to the scientific community a full-fledged, high-quality biographical research, which has rich factual material and is focused on a number of areas of historical knowledge. The review is addressed to a wide range of readers – they are researchers of historical science, the Russian Orthodox Church, Soviet special services, Russian historiography, local history and practical genealogy.
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Baloian, Nelson, and José Pino. "Editorial introduction to J.UCS special issue Challenges for Smart Environments – Human-Centered Computing, Data Science, and Ambient Intelligence I." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 27, no. 11 (November 28, 2021): 1149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jucs.76554.
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Modern technologies and various domains of human activities increasingly rely on data science to develop smarter and autonomous systems. This trend has already changed the whole landscape of the global economy becoming more AI-driven. Massive production of data by humans and machines, its availability for feasible processing with advent of deep learning infrastructures, combined with advancements in reliable information transfer capacities, open unbounded horizons for societal progress in close future. Quite naturally, this brings also new challenges for science and industry. In that context, Internet of things (IoT) is an enormously huge factory of monitoring and data generation. It enables countless devices to act as sensors which record and manipulate data, while requiring efficient algorithms to derive actionable knowledge. Billions of end-users equipped with smart mobile phones are also producing immensely large volumes of data, being it about user interaction or indirect telemetry such as location coordinates. Social networks represent another kind of data-intensive sources, with both structured and unstructured components, containing valuable information about world’s connectivity, dynamism, and more. Last but not least, to help businesses run smoothly, today’s cloud computing infrastructures and applications are also serviced and managed through measuring huge amounts of data to leverage in various predictive and automation tasks for healthy performance and permanent availability. Therefore, all these technology areas, experts and practitioners, are facing innovation challenges on building novel methodologies, accurate models, and systems for respective data-driven solutions which are effective and efficient. In view of the complexity of contemporary neural network architectures and models with millions of parameters they derive, one of such challenges is related to the concept of explainability of the machine learning models. It refers to the ability of the model to give information which can be interpreted by humans about the reasons for the decision made or recommendation released. These challenges can only be met with a mix of basic research, process modeling and simulation under uncertainty using qualitative and quantitative methods from the involved sciences, and taking into account international standards and adequate evaluation methods. Based on a successful funded collaboration between the American University of Armenia, the University of Duisburg-Essen and the University of Chile, in previous years a network was built, and in September 2020 a group of researchers gathered (although virtually) for the 2nd CODASSCA workshop on “Collaborative Technologies and Data Science in Smart City Applications”. This event has attracted 25 paper submissions which deal with the problems and challenges mentioned above. The studies are in specialized areas and disclose novel solutions and approaches based on existing theories suitably applied. The authors of the best papers published in the conference proceedings on Collaborative Technologies and Data Science in Artificial Intelligence Applications by Logos edition Berlin were invited to submit significantly extended and improved versions of their contributions to be considered for a journal special issue of J.UCS. There was also a J.UCS open call so that any author could submit papers on the highlighted subject. For this volume, we selected those dealing with more theoretical issues which were rigorously reviewed in three rounds and 6 papers nominated to be published. The editors would like to express their gratitude to J.UCS foundation for accepting the special issues in their journal, to the German Research Foundation (DFG), the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the universities and sponsors involved for funding the common activities and thank the editors of the CODASSCA2020 proceedings for their ongoing encouragement and support, the authors for their contributions, and the anonymous reviewers for their invaluable support. The paper “Incident Management for Explainable and Automated Root Cause Analysis in Cloud Data Centers” by Arnak Poghosyan, Ashot Harutyunyan, Naira Grigoryan, and Nicholas Kushmerick addresses an increasingly important problem towards autonomous or self-X systems, intelligent management of modern cloud environments with an emphasis on explainable AI. It demonstrates techniques and methods that greatly help in automated discovery of explicit conditions leading to data center incidents. The paper “Temporal Accelerators: Unleashing the Potential of Embedded FPGAs” by Christopher Cichiwskyj and Gregor Schiele presents an approach for executing computational tasks that can be split into sequential sub-tasks. It divides accelerators into multiple, smaller parts and uses the reconfiguration capabilities of the FPGA to execute the parts according to a task graph. That improves the energy consumption and the cost of using FPGAs in IoT devices. The paper “On Recurrent Neural Network based Theorem Prover for First Order Minimal Logic” by Ashot Baghdasaryan and Hovhannes Bolibekyan investigates using recurrent neural networks to determine the order of proof search in a sequent calculus for first-order minimal logic with a history mechanism. It demonstrates reduced durations in automated theorem proving systems. The paper “Incremental Autoencoders for Text Streams Clustering in Social Networks” by Amal Rekik and Salma Jamoussi proposes a deep learning method to identify trending topics in a social network. It is built on detecting changes in streams of tweets. The method is experimentally validated to outperform relevant data stream algorithms in identifying “hot” topics. The paper “E-Capacity–Equivocation Region of Wiretap Channel” by Mariam Haroutunian studies a secure communication problem over the wiretap channel, where information transfer from the source to a legitimate receiver needs to be realized maximally secretly for an eavesdropper. This is an information-theoretic research which generalizes the capacity-equivocation region and secrecy-capacity function of the wiretap channel subject to error exponent criterion, thus deriving new and extended fundamental limits in reliable and secure communication in presence of a wiretapper. The paper “Leveraging Multifaceted Proximity Measures among Developers in Predicting Future Collaborations to Improve the Social Capital of Software Projects” by Amit Kumar and Sonali Agarwal targets improving the social capital of individual software developers and projects using machine learning. Authors’ approach applies network proximity and developer activity features to build a classifier for predicting the future collaborations among developers and generating relevant recommendations.
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Kalenichenko, Mariya Vladimirovna. "The works of Leningrad popular science film studio “Lennauchfilm” in the 1970s – 1980s." Культура и искусство, no. 4 (April 2021): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2021.4.35584.
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This article is dedicated to examination of works of the film directors of the Leningrad popular science film studio “Lennauchfilm” in the 1970s – 1980s. Based on the archival documents presented in the Central Archive of Literature and Art of Saint Petersburg, the author analyzes the work of the film studio: carries out classification of filmography by formal-semantic criterion, as well as determines the key processes typical to this time period. The following main trends are highlighted: natural science, technical-propagandistic, historical-revolutionary, military-patriotic, social life, history of art and culture. Special attention is given to the films that cover the topics, which have not previously been included in the field of popular science cinematography. The novelty of this research lies in classification of the thematic trends of the Leningrad film studio as an integral artistic system, as well as in comparison of the plots of popular science film texts by each direction over the two decades. As a result, the author identified the main trends, which broadened the thematic field in the work of the studio, as well as fundamentally changed the representations on the goals and tasks of popular science cinematography. The key object of popular science cinematography is being shifted during the Perestroika period. Emphasis is place not on science and technological achievements, but human and society. Film directors through their works conveyed the attitude of society towards science, raising the questions of transformation of ethics and morality in the context of scientific and technological revolution. The idea of the harm of scientific achievements and responsibility of the scholars before society is being advanced. Without any doubt, the works of the Leningrad film directors broadened the ideological-artistic range by offering the own vision of specificity of the Soviet popular science cinematography.