Academic literature on the topic 'Social sciences -> history -> general'
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Journal articles on the topic "Social sciences -> history -> general"
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Stas, Igor. "Urban History: between History and Social Sciences." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 21, no. 3 (2022): 250–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2022-3-250-285.
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The article analyzes the formation and development of Urban History as a branch of historical science before and immediately after the era of the Urban Crisis of the 1950s and 1960s. The concept of the article suggests that urban history was formed in a constant dialogue with the social sciences. At the beginning, academic urban historians appeared in the 1930s as opponents of American “agrarian” and frontier histories. Drawing their ideas from the Chicago School of sociology, they reproduced the national history of civic local communities that expressed the achievements of Western civilization. However, in the context of the impending Urban Crisis, social sciences, together with urban historians, have declared the importance of generalizing social phenomena. A group of rebels soon formed among historians. They called their movement ‘New Urban History’ and advocated the return of historical context to urban studies, and were against social theory. However, in an effort to reconstruct history “from the bottom up” through a quantitative study of social mobility, new urban historians have lost the city as an important variable of their analysis. They had to abandon the popular name and recognize themselves as representatives of social history and interested in the problems of class, culture, consciousness, and conflicts. In this situation, some social scientists have tried to try on the elusive brand ‘New Urban History’, but their attempt also failed. As a result, only those who remained faithful to the national narrative or interdisciplinary approach remained urban historians, but continued to remain in the bosom of historical science, rushing around conventional urban sociology and its denial.
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Abbott, Andrew. "Life Cycles in Social Science History." Social Science History 23, no. 4 (1999): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021830.
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When one is asked to speak on the past, present, and future of social science history, one is less overwhelmed by the size of the task than confused by its indexicality. Whose definition of social science history? Which past? Or, put another way, whose past? Indeed, which and whose present? Moreover, should the task be taken as one of description, prescription, or analysis? Many of us might agree on, say, a descriptive analysis of the past of the Social Science History Association. But about the past of social science history as a general rather than purely associational phenomenon, we might differ considerably. The problem of description versus prescription only increases this obscurity.
3
Berridge, Virginia, and John Stewart. "History: a social science neglected by other social sciences (and why it should not be)." Contemporary Social Science 7, no. 1 (February 2012): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2011.652362.
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Tilly, Louise A. "Gender, Women’s History, and Social History." Social Science History 13, no. 4 (1989): 439–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320002054x.
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Recently, I attended a seminar at which a historian of women presented a dazzling interpretation of the polemical writing of Olympe de Gouges and its (not to mention her) reception during the French Revolution. A crusty old historian of the Revolution rose during the question period and inquired, in his own eastern twang, “Now that I know that women were participants in the Revolution, what difference does it make!” This encounter suggested to me what I will argue are two increasingly urgent tasks for women’s history: producing analytical problem-solving studies as well as descriptive and interpretive ones, and connecting their findings to general questions already on the historical agenda. This is not a call for integrating women’s history into other history, since that process may mean simply adding material on women and gender without analyzing its implications, but for writing analytical women’s history and connecting its problems to those of other histories. Only through such an endeavor is women’s history likely to change the agenda of history as a whole.
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Berger, Stefan. "Social History vs Cultural History." Theory, Culture & Society 18, no. 1 (February 2001): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02632760122051689.
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Travaglino, Giovanni A. "Social sciences and social movements: the theoretical context." Contemporary Social Science 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2013.851406.
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de Sierra, Gerónimo. "Social sciences in Uruguay." Social Science Information 44, no. 2-3 (June 2005): 473–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018405053295.
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In Uruguay, the development and institutionalization of the social sciences have been relatively delayed compared to other countries of the region. This fact contrasts with the socio-economic and sociopolitical development of the country, as well as with that of the professional branches of university education. The so-called formal foundational process of the social sciences effectively began in the 1970s, especially in history, economics and sociology. Political science and anthropology began to take shape only after the return to democracy in 1985. The military coup (1973-85) caused an interruption in the institutional status of the social sciences but did not entirely dismantle them. These sciences continued to develop in independent research centers, often receiving external funds. The exchange with foreign academic centers, especially the CLACSO and FLACSO nets, was germane to the process. With the return of democracy, the institutionalization process of the social sciences resumed and the link between the pre-dictatorship and post-dictatorship generations in these fields became more apparent. Simultaneously, the labor market for social scientists broadened and diversified.
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Samsó, Julio. "Is a Social History of Andalusi Exact Sciences Possible?" Early Science and Medicine 7, no. 3 (2002): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338202x00199.
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Curtis, Daniel R., Bas van Bavel, and Tim Soens. "History and the Social Sciences: Shock Therapy with Medieval Economic History as the Patient." Social Science History 40, no. 4 (2016): 751–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2016.30.
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Since the turn of the Millennium, major changes in economic history practice such as the dominance of econometrics and the championing of “big data,” as well as changes in how research is funded, have created new pressures for medieval economic historians to confront. In this article, it is suggested that one way of strengthening the field further is to more explicitly link up with hypotheses posed in other social sciences. The historical record is one “laboratory” in which hypotheses developed by sociologists, economists, and even natural scientists can be explicitly tested, especially using dual forms of geographical and chronological comparison. As one example to demonstrate this, a case is made for the stimulating effect of “disaster studies.” Historians have failed to interact with ideas from disaster studies, not only because of the general drift away from the social sciences by the historical discipline, but also because of a twin conception that medieval disaster study bears no relation to the modern, and that medieval coping strategies were hindered by providence, superstition, fear, and panic. We use the medieval disasters context to demonstrate that medieval economic history can contribute to big narratives of our time, including climate change and inequality. This contribution can be in (1) investigating the root causes of vulnerability and resilience, and recovery of societies over the long term (moving disaster studies away from instant impact focus) and (2) providing the social context needed to interpret the massive amount of “big data” produced by historical climatologists, bioarchaeologists, economists, and so on.
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Clubb, Jerome M. "Murray Murphey and the Possibility of Social Science History." Social Science History 9, no. 1 (1985): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020320.
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Application of social scientific methods and approaches to the study of history has always been the subject of considerable and often acrimonious debate. In recent years, however, the terms of the debate have taken a somewhat different and, to some of us, surprising turn. Notes of pessimism and defensiveness have entered the arguments of practitioners; some feel the need to repeat the once useful polemics of twenty odd years ago; and there is talk of the intrinsic limitations of the general enterprise. At the same time, the traditionalist camp announces with a measure of glee that the tides of social scientific history are on the wane.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Social sciences -> history -> general"
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Crick, Martin John. "To make twelve o'clock at eleven : the history of the Social Democratic Federation." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1988. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/7152/.
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The Social-Democratic Federation has been ill-served by historians, dismissed as an irrelevance or an alien intrusion into British politics. This thesis attempts to provide a balanced and coherent account of the SDF's history, emphasisi: regional as well as national developments to demonstrate that until the early years of the twentieth century, the party posed a genuine alternative to the supposed 'mainstream' development of the ILP/Labour Party. The Federation was far from the monolithic, centralised organisation, dominated by Hyndman, thatis often depicted. A study of the branches in Lancashire and Yorkshire reveals regional diversity and demonstrates that they enjoyed considerable autonomy, but although this autonomy allowed branches in areas like Lancashire to adapt to their environment with considerable success it also produced a party prone to internal divisions over strategy. Consequently it failed to develop consistent policies. This proved a fatal handicap at a crucial period in the history of the British Socialist movement, during the formative years of the Labour Party. The SDF was marginalised, preoccupied with its own internal debates at a time when it could have exercised considerable influence inside Labour's ranks. It never satisfactorily resolved the debate over which course to pursue, that of reform or revolution, until the outbreak of the First World War brought the divisioi within the party to a head, which ultimately caused its dissolution. Nevertheless its eventual demise should not obscure its achievements which, as is often the fate of pioneers, remain largely unsung. It educated and agitated; it played a leading role in the formation of both ILP branches and Labour Representation Committees; it produced a generation of working-class intellectuals and militants; it championed the cause of the unemployed. Most important of all, the SDF was responsible for re-introducing Socialism to the British political agenda.
2
Uçar, Gülnur Supervisor :. Güven Suna. "The crusader castles of Cyprus their place within the crusading history." Ankara : METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605612/index.pdf.
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Chughtai, Mariam. "What Produces a History Textbook?" Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16461056.
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In this dissertation, I undertake a sequential analysis of an elaborate system of forces that contribute to the production of history textbooks in Pakistan. I review longitudinal series of data on education policies and history textbooks from 1938-2012, and examine the decision-making processes, which inform said policies and textbooks, at the federal, provincial and local levels of government in Pakistan. My analysis is grounded in a particular understanding of religious nationalism and identity politics which is essential in conceptualizing religious political extremism and its role in defining what it means to be “Islamic” in context of history education in Pakistan.
Findings suggest that a history textbook in Pakistan is produced by seven highly influential and complex variables: (1) Religious ideology: religious ideological direction set through federal education policy, and the international pressures and domestic political events that inform this policy; (2) Identity politics: the scope of identity that the state mandates for its citizens, including the resistance to that scope as captured by student interaction with textbook content; (3) Military revisionism: war narratives and the state’s reconciliation with its past; (4) Political power: perceptions, leadership, and exclusionary tactics; (5) Financial vulnerabilities; (6) Systemic inefficiencies; and (7) Past history textbooks, in how they empower certain interest groups which inhibit curriculum development and revised conceptions of history.
My analysis reveals that while state sponsored curriculum material is used for the purpose of solidifying the relationship between religion and state, the content, the process, and the constantly shifting narrative of religious nationalism, selected from a multitude of narratives, are products of strategic choices that may well employ religion but are not entirely religiously motivated. Consequently, I propose the possibility that history education in Pakistan does not foster religious nationalism for the sake of religion, but uses religion as one tool amongst many, to further secular, political, and nationalistic objectives.Education Policy, Leadership, and Instructional Practice
4
Haveric, Dzavid. "History of the Bosnian Muslim Community in Australia: Settlement Experience in Victoria." full-text, 2009. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/2006/1/Dzavid_Haveric.pdf.
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This thesis examines the settlement experience of the Bosnian Muslims in Victoria. Overall this research exploration takes places against background of the history of the immigration to Australia. The study covers migration patterns of Bosnian Muslims from post World War 2 periods to more recent settlement. The thesis provides contemporary insights on Bosnian Muslims living in a Western society such as Australia. The thesis excavates key issues about Islam and the Muslim communities in Western nations and argues that successful settlement is possible, as demonstrated by the Bosnian Muslim community. By adopting a socio-historical framework about settlement, the thesis reveals the significant, interconnected and complex aspects of the settlement process. Settlement of immigrants takes place within global, historical, economic, political, social and cultural elements of both the sending and receiving countries. Thus any study of settlement must examine theories and concepts on migration, settlement, religion, culture, integration and identity. The purpose for migration, the conditions under which migration takes place, the conditions of immigrant reception are fundamental in the context of Australia. Furthermore, Australia since the 1970s has adopted a policy of multiculturalism which has changed settlement experiences of immigrants. These elements are strongly analysed in the thesis both through a critical conceptual appraisal of the relevant issues such as migration, multiculturalism and immigration and through an empirical application to the Bosnian Muslim community. The theoretical element of the study is strongly supported by the empirical research related to settlement issues, integration and multiculturalism in Victoria. Through a socio-historical framework and using a ‘grounded theory’ methodological approach, field research was undertaken with Bosnian Muslim communities, Bosnian organizations and multicultural service providers. In addition, historical data was analysed by chronology. The data provided rich evidence of the Bosnian Muslims’ settlement process under the various governmental policies since World War 2. The study concluded that the Bosnian community has successfully integrated and adapted to the way of life in Australia. Different cohorts of Bosnian Muslims had different settlement patterns, problems and issues which many were able to overcome. The findings revealed the contributions that the Bosnian Muslim community has made to broader social life in Australia such as contribution to the establishment of multi-ethnic Muslim communities, the Bosnian Muslim community development and building social infrastructure. The study also concluded that coming from multicultural backgrounds, the Bosnian Muslims understood the value of cultural diversity and contributed to the development of Australian multiculturalism and social harmony. Overall conclusion of this research is that the different generations of Bosnian Muslims are well-integrated and operate well within Australian multiculturalism.
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Broome, Helen Isobel. "'Neither curable nor incurable but actually dying' : the history of care at the Friedenheim/St. Columba's Hospital, Home of Peace for the Dying (1885-1981)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/208197/.
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This thesis fills a manifest gap in the history of end-of-life care in England through an exploration of the circumstances, position and importance of the Friedenheim, Home of Peace for the Dying (1885-1981), thought to be the first proto-hospice in this country. As yet virtually unexplored in published works, the nature of this hospital and the ethos of care provided there are demonstrated through evidence drawn from a multiplicity of sources, including archival records and personal testimony. By definitively establishing the chronological evolution of the institution, its locations and facilities, discrepancies in current lists and commentaries are clarified. Analysis of the nature, scope and influence of this hospital, which offered specialised care only for the terminally ill, illustrates and informs the emergence of specialised care for the dying in England. The thesis tests the accepted primacy of the institution by an examination and comparison of coeval establishments for the sick and dying. The founder, Frances Davidson, sought to provide a place for the poor to die and the space thus provided for clinical, spiritual and social care is explored. The complexities of managing this philanthropic institution and sustaining its financial viability are exposed through consideration of its administration and evolution. Analysis of patient profiles, morbidity data and referral statistics furnishes insight into the evolving nature and place of the hospital within London’s medical and philanthropic worlds. Details of the clinical, social and spiritual attention given to the patients reveal the breadth of care provided for them. Finally, the thesis discloses links with Cicely Saunders and challenges the received assumption that the Friedenheim, by now called St. Columba’s Hospital, played no part in the establishment of the so-called ‘modern’ hospice movement. The extensive and detailed results of this research confirm and justify for the first time the Friedenheim’s accepted place as the London pioneer of dedicated institutional care for dying people and place it at the inception of specialised care in England for those at the end of life.
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Outen, Gemma. "The Women's Total Abstinence Union and periodical Wings, 1892-1910 : a study of gender and politics." Thesis, Edge Hill University, 2017. http://repository.edgehill.ac.uk/10377/.
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In 1893, an internal schism occurred within the British Women’s Temperance Association (BWTA), creating the National British Women’s Temperance Association (NBWTA) and the Women’s Total Abstinence Union (WTAU). The Women’s Total Abstinence Union (WTAU) has since received very limited critical attention, having been historically dismissed as a conservative organisation, only concerned with temperance work, when compared to the more radical National British Women’s Temperance Association (NBWTA). Via a critical examination of the WTAU’s periodical, Wings, from 1892 to 1910, and associated Union materials, this project interrogates the presumptions made concerning the apparently conservative nature, aims and actions of the group and the women within. Contributing to the burgeoning research area of print and periodical culture this project reflects on how women managed the contradictions posed by gender – which shaped women as private domestic individuals – and political identity – when encouraged to undertake reform work outside of the safety of the private sphere. This thesis provides an original contribution to knowledge through utilising an interdisciplinary methodological approach combining periodical culture with a study of community and gender. Its main contribution lies in the study of a neglected group, the WTAU, and their unexplored periodical, Wings. Significant research has centred around radical and/or conservative constructions of nineteenth-century femininity but the voice of the quiet majority in between, and their everyday experiences, remains largely underexplored. This project examines gender constructions within female reform work, specifically temperance, and argues that Union women used a respectable area of social reform work in a potentially progressive way. The WTAU was not solely conservative, nor was it instead radical, rather, its members, aims and actions can be placed on a sliding scale, encompassing conservatism and progressivism alongside radicalism. Moreover, this thesis suggests that this should be replicated for other female reform workers and groups more broadly, in order to provide a better understanding of the sector and how issues of middle-class, feminine respectability influenced women within. It also provides a contribution to knowledge in its methodology, utilising a three layered approach to address the complex issue of readership. It focuses firstly on a broad implied readership, secondly, using census research on a cross-section of Union membership, and finally, undertakes two case-study analyses of Union women on opposing sides of the respectability debate. In examining the Union and its members in three ways, this thesis provides a new way 7 of examining female reform work and periodical readership, and uncovers the complexity of the WTAU, situated within a wider connected world of campaign, print and platform.
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Tate, Stephen. "The professionalisation of sports journalism, c1850 to 1939, with particular reference to the career of James Catton." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2007. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/7711/.
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There has been a considerable growth in research in recent years into the history of both journalism and sport, two hugely influential areas of popular culture. The two fields cover a wide spectrum of interests and there is much ground that is common to both. However, studies of journalism and the growth of the newspaper industry have largely ignored the role of the sports journalist and the place of sport within a developing press. Moreover, studies of the expansion of commercial sport and the games-playing habit, whilst touching on the place of the press in their development, and utilising newspapers as primary source material, have paid little or no attention to the place of the sports reporter in the promotion and recording of the sporting sub-culture. This thesis aims to address the shortcoming in current research with a study centring on the growth of the occupation of sports reporting from the mid-Victorian era to the inter-war years. The thesis notes the adoption of sport as a circulation aid by the popular press, considers the type of recruit attracted to sports reporting, the job's practical aspects, the position of the sports journalist within the editorial hierarchy, and the acceptance of sports reporting as a legitimate specialism within a widening editorial agenda. The career of journalist James Catton is introduced to the study to examine in detail the manner in which occupational trends impacted upon the individual reporter, and in order to trace the manner in which sports reporting could be said to have adopted a 'professional' outlook during the period of this study. The thesis reveals the uncertain standing of the sports journalist within the newspaper industry, the part-time nature of much sports reporting, with sport regarded as an occupational rite of passage for the young and the trainee, and the struggle to rid the occupation of a reputation sullied by a perception of hackneyed journalism. The biographical section of the thesis introduces a contemporary voice, that of James Catton, to let it speak to an experience that might otherwise prove difficult to capture. Catton's working life highlights the possibilities and the demands of a career in sports journalism, and the success that the adoption of a 'professional' approach to the work could secure.
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Rasmussen, Bryan B. "The serpent and the dove gender, religion, and social science in Victorian culture /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3330775.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of English, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 20, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-10, Section: A, page: 3962. Adviser: Patrick Brantlinger.
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Wang, Yuan. "Observations on the Chinese metal scene (1990-2013) : history, identity, industry, and social interpretation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8172/.
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This thesis examines Chinese metal of the mainland China as a contemporary cultural phenomenon, which consists of seven chapters. It begins with three premise chapters providing the necessary definitions and terminology about Chinese metal, reviewing the relevant literature, and explaining the multiple methodologies applied, respectively. Based on that, the following chapters explore Chinese metal from four perspectives, including the history, identity, industry, and social meaning. More specifically, Chapter 4 defines the history of Chinese metal as two waves, the heavy rock era (1990-1996) and extreme metal era (2000-2013). This overall trajectory had been moving forward with the country’s economic growth, technological progress, and cultural liberalism, showing a unique U-shape curve: starting in the mainstream field in the early 1990s, declining in the late 1990s, booming underground in the early 2000s, and rising again in the 2010s. Chapter 5 illustrates that the development of Chinese metal underwent a tension between globalisation and localisation, which were reflected in the texts of the music, MV, cover art, and folk metal subgenre. Particularly, this tension resulted in an identity struggle of the current Chinese metal musicians, which was realised by a mechanism of original identity suspension, textual deconstruction, and identity reconstruction. Chapter 6 proposes that the Chinese metal industries made great progress driven by the country’s rapid economic growth and cultural diversity, and a relatively maturely industrial system with different capitals and fields had been established by the 2000s, including the sections of labels, recordings, lives, media, merchandise, and a few peripheral activities. Chapter 7 argues that because of its essence of symbolic transgression, Chinese metal provided the musicians and audiences with a quasi-ritual catharsis to temporarily escape from the pressures of the reality. Meanwhile, Chinese metal presented a unique attribute of “pseudo-evil” as an intentional reaction against the general hypocrisy which is the most severe social pathology in the contemporary Chinese society.
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Cristante, Nevio. "History, Religion, Power, And Authority: The Relevance Of Machiavelli." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609638/index.pdf.
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Machiavelli&rsquos uniqueness and originality renders his educational direction as pertinent for times and conditions that are similar to and prevalent in ours. On the grand scale, his thought process disrupts the classical sense of philosophy, metaphysics, and religion. This disruption of the classical Western consciousness is an aim in the contemporary realm of political thought, which, starting with the extensive criticism of modernity found in the works of Nietzsche, has been developed in the realm of political thought throughout the twentieth and onto the twenty-first century. Therefore, Machiavelli &ndash
who lived 500 years ago &ndash
is nevertheless the source for productive knowledge, analysis, and prognosis for the contemporary political crisis, a crisis due to the downfall of modernity. The presupposition of latter-day modernity, as being considered the best of all possible worlds, is no longer believable. Modernity, what was once considered as being utterly unique and superior in human history, is responded to today by critiques on class domination, Western imperialism, the dissolution of community and tradition, the rise of alienation, and the impersonality of bureaucratic power. Machiavelli supplants the dominant modern consciousness through being a source for a new artistic revolution, a revolution of consciousness through a humane call for strength in facing reality, in order to re-constitute a divergent set of epistemological and ontological discoveries, which are better aligned to the condition of the present-day than those formulated by the dominant Western modern consciousness.
Books on the topic "Social sciences -> history -> general"
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Dundon, R. W. A philosophy of social sciences: An interdisciplinary approach. Huntington, N.Y: Novinka Books, 2001.
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Scottish Qualifications Authority. Standard grade, general, credit modern studies. Edinburgh: Leckie & Leckie, 2008.
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Puslitbang Lektur dan Khazanah Keagamaan (Indonesia), ed. Social history Ambonese Kingdom of Hitu. Jakarta: Center for Research and Development of Religous Literature and Heritage, Agency of Research & Development, and Training, Ministry of Religious Affairs the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
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Scottish Qualifications Authority. Standard grade, general, credit modern studies 2006-2010. Edinburgh: Bright Red, 2010.
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Strada, Michael J. Through the global lens: An introduction to the social sciences. 3rd ed. New York: VangoBooks, 2009.
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Strada, Michael J. Through the global lens: An introduction to the social sciences. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1999.
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L, Charlton Thomas, Myers Lois E. 1946-, and Sharpless Rebecca, eds. The handbook of oral history. Lanham, MD: Altamira Press, 2006.
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G, Zakharova L., ed. Vospominanii͡a general-felʹdmarshala grafa Dmitrii͡a Alekseevicha Mili͡utina, 1865-1867. Moskva: ROSSPĖN, 2005.
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The Political Sciences General Principles Of Selection In Social Science And History. Routledge, 2009.
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Stretton, Hugh. Political Sciences: General Principles of Selection in Social Science and History. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Hoffenaar, Jan. "“New” Military History." In Handbook of Military Sciences, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_87-1.
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AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the development of “New military history,” a general term for the broadening – in subject, approaches and methods – of the traditional, narrow operational military historiography. It first deals with the influence of the social, cultural, gender, and global “turns” in general historiography on military historiography. Next, the benefits and possibilities of these new perspectives in military historiography are analyzed, followed by the risks and potential dangers. Finally, the question of what the core of military history should be is discussed and an attempt is made to describe a “comprehensive approach” to analyze military action taken in the past, with a multifaceted “plan of attack” with several possible “axes of attack.” “New” military historians who use a comprehensive approach are best placed to explain how the course of military action has influenced the general course of history and thereby can make a full-fledged contribution to general historiography. This unique quality also gives them the ability and the right to participate in or even initiate broader academic debates.
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Doignon, Yoann, Isabelle Blöss-Widmer, Elena Ambrosetti, and Sébastien Oliveau. "General Introduction: A Study of Mediterranean Populations." In Population Dynamics in the Mediterranean, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37759-4_1.
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AbstractThe Mediterranean region has been much studied by human and social sciences. The length of its written history, and the variety of civilisations sharing a common history (going back to the Roman mare nostrum), of course, go some way to explaining this wealth of studies. However, the Mediterranean has only recently been studied as a global study area, rather than as separate sub-regions. We note that there is a lack of recent general publications, or writings in general, providing a synthesis or inventory of the various demographic phenomena on a pan-Mediterranean scale. The aim of this publication is to provide an overview and detailed description of the demographic trends of the last 70 years for the populations of the Mediterranean as a whole.
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Donohue, Christopher. "“A Mountain of Nonsense”? Czech and Slovenian Receptions of Materialism and Vitalism from c. 1860s to the First World War." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 67–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_5.
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AbstractIn general, historians of science and historians of ideas do not focus on critical appraisals of scientific ideas such as vitalism and materialism from Catholic intellectuals in eastern and southeastern Europe, nor is there much comparative work available on how significant European ideas in the life sciences such as materialism and vitalism were understood and received outside of France, Germany, Italy and the UK. Insofar as such treatments are available, they focus on the contributions of nineteenth century vitalism and materialism to later twentieth ideologies, as well as trace the interactions of vitalism and various intersections with the development of genetics and evolutionary biology see Mosse (The culture of Western Europe: the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Westview Press, Boulder, 1988, Toward the final solution: a history of European racism. Howard Fertig Publisher, New York, 1978; Turda et al., Crafting humans: from genesis to eugenics and beyond. V&R Unipress, Goettingen, 2013). English and American eugenicists (such as William Caleb Saleeby), and scores of others underscored the importance of vitalism to the future science of “eugenics” (Saleeby, The progress of eugenics. Cassell, New York, 1914). Little has been written on materialism qua materialism or vitalism qua vitalism in eastern Europe.The Czech and Slovene cases are interesting for comparison insofar as both had national awakenings in the middle of the nineteenth century which were linguistic and scientific, while also being religious in nature (on the Czech case see David, Realism, tolerance, and liberalism in the Czech National awakening: legacies of the Bohemian reformation. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2010; on the Slovene case see Kann and David, Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918. University of Washington Press, Washington, 2010). In the case of many Catholic writers writing in Moravia, there are not only slight noticeable differences in word-choice and construction but a greater influence of scholastic Latin, all the more so in the works of nineteenth century Czech priests and bishops.In this case, German, Latin and literary Czech coexisted in the same texts. Thus, the presence of these three languages throws caution on the work on the work of Michael Gordin, who argues that scientific language went from Latin to German to vernacular. In Czech, Slovenian and Croatian cases, all three coexisted quite happily until the First World War, with the decades from the 1840s to the 1880s being particularly suited to linguistic flexibility, where oftentimes writers would put in parentheses a Latin or German word to make the meaning clear to the audience. Note however that these multiple paraphrases were often polemical in the case of discussions of materialism and vitalism.In Slovenia Čas (Time or The Times) ran from 1907 to 1942, running under the muscular editorship of Fr. Aleš Ušeničnik (1868–1952) devoted hundreds of pages often penned by Ušeničnik himself or his close collaborators to wide-ranging discussions of vitalism, materialism and its implied social and societal consequences. Like their Czech counterparts Fr. Matěj Procházka (1811–1889) and Fr. Antonín LenzMaterialismMechanismDynamism (1829–1901), materialism was often conjoined with "pantheism" and immorality. In both the Czech and the Slovene cases, materialism was viewed as a deep theological problem, as it made the Catholic account of the transformation of the Eucharistic sacrifice into the real presence untenable. In the Czech case, materialism was often conjoined with “bestiality” (bestialnost) and radical politics, especially agrarianism, while in the case of Ušeničnik and Slovene writers, materialism was conjoined with “parliamentarianism” and “democracy.” There is too an unexamined dialogue on vitalism, materialism and pan-Slavism which needs to be explored.Writing in 1914 in a review of O bistvu življenja (Concerning the essence of life) by the controversial Croatian biologist Boris Zarnik) Ušeničnik underscored that vitalism was an speculative outlook because it left the field of positive science and entered the speculative realm of philosophy. Ušeničnik writes that it was “Too bad” that Zarnik “tackles” the question of vitalism, as his zoological opinions are interesting but his philosophy was not “successful”. Ušeničnik concluded that vitalism was a rather old idea, which belonged more to the realm of philosophy and Thomistic theology then biology. It nonetheless seemed to provide a solution for the particular characteristics of life, especially its individuality. It was certainly preferable to all the dangers that materialism presented. Likewise in the Czech case, Emmanuel Radl (1873–1942) spent much of his life extolling the virtues of vitalism, up until his death in home confinement during the Nazi Protectorate. Vitalism too became bound up in the late nineteenth century rediscovery of early modern philosophy, which became an essential part of the development of new scientific consciousness and linguistic awareness right before the First World War in the Czech lands. Thus, by comparing the reception of these ideas together in two countries separated by ‘nationality’ but bounded by religion and active engagement with French and German ideas (especially Driesch), we can reconstruct not only receptions of vitalism and materialism, but articulate their political and theological valances.
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Holt-Jensen, Arild. "Synthesis of Physical and Human Geography: Necessary and Impossible?" In Socio-Spatial Theory in Nordic Geography, 69–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04234-8_5.
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AbstractThroughout its recorded history, the aims of geography have shifted between synthesis and specialized systematic studies. Cosmography, as understood by Alexander von Humboldt and others, presented an ambitious synthesis of climate, topography, biogeography, settlement and human life. Explorations financed by geographical societies gradually led to growth of specialized disciplines, particularly in natural sciences. This broad activity was regarded as geography by the general public and those that established geography chairs 1870–1910. The first professors adhered to synthesis of human and physical geography and found relevant research themes. Initially geography was dominated by environmental determinism, possibilism and a focus on regional geography through synthesis. Gradually specialized research in systematic branches led to a nomothetic shift to spatial science, inspiring models in both human and physical geography. Synthesis of physical and human geography remained an aim within spatial science but provided few integrating research exemplars. Synthesis of physical and human geo-factors was fundamental for the first professors and was seen as a goal for many geographers in the following generations, but has been difficult to attain in research projects. However, present global changes give our discipline new relevance for research on global sustainability.
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Coward, Barry. "English Social Histories: General." In Handbook for History Teachers, 746–47. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032163840-118.
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Burger, Oskar, Ronald Lee, and Rebecca Sear. "32. Human Evolutionary Demography." In Human Evolutionary Demography, 741–58. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0251.32.
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A complete understanding of demographic patterns and behaviours is not possible without including the role of evolutionary processes. Many challenges in the social sciences, and in demography in particular, can be more readily met if they include the rich collection of perspectives, models, tools, and theories that evolutionary sciences can provide. Perhaps unexpectedly, the benefits of this inclusion can be indirect, as many benefits of an evolutionary perspective may take the form of a new way of approaching an old problem that leads to insights independent of any goal related to isolating the role of natural selection or adaptation. In other cases, the role of adaptation may have been under-appreciated and can lead to a different understanding of the mechanisms involved. To help human evolutionary demography improve going forward, we offer two general recommendations. One is improving the integration of contemporary developments in evolutionary thought about the role of culture and environment, such as dual-inheritance theory, epigenetics, and the role of social learning and cultural transmission. Many of these developments reflect an increasingly sophisticated understanding of cultural processes in and understanding of core concepts like fitness and heritability. The role of culture may be a productive point of contact between the social sciences and evolutionary social sciences given shared interests in this area. Second is a call to re-invigorate evolutionary demography with some of the classical ideas that come from life history theory and population ecology, such as the use of energy and resource budgets to structure tradeoffs, a focus on the role of ecological factors like density and resources, and the use of formal mathematical models.
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Lazega, Emmanuel, and Tom A. B. Snijders. "General Conclusion." In Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences, 355–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24520-1_15.
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Nanetti, Andrea, and Siew Ann Cheong. "Computational History: From Big Data to Big Simulations." In Computational Social Sciences, 337–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95465-3_18.
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Tilly, L. "Social Movements, History of: General." In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 14360–65. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/02727-3.
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Tilly, L. "Social Movements, History of: General." In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 442–46. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.62070-6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Social sciences -> history -> general"
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Zorile, D. V. "Historical and legal science in the context of social disciplines." In General question of world science. L-Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-30-11-2020-05.
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As a special problem the division of subjects and methodology of history of law with different branches of law is arisen - such as the constitutional, financial law, and also with economic science. The author investigates their evolution within interference with the history of law, the possibility to ensure the autonomy of the scientific branches by formulation of aims and tasks of investigations.
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Mohammed, D. BELARBI. "THE MYTHOLOGICAL TENDENCY AMONG ARAB HISTORIANS." In I. International Century Congress for Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/soci.con1-14.
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This research deals with the phenomenon of mythological tendency among Arab historians in the Middle Ages. The ancient Arabs contributed to writing history: the history of human events. They also contributed to writing other aspects of history, such as the history of cities, as Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi did in his History of Baghdad, or as Ibn Al-Khatib did in his briefing on the news of Granada. He also dated the Arabs for kings, messengers, and scholars. Hence, history in its various aspects is a cognitive obsession and a scientific preoccupation that the Arabs have known and written extensively about. As for general history, many historians have worked on it, perhaps the most famous of whom are Ibn Jarir al-Tabari 310 AH - 923 AD, Al-Masudi 346 AH - 956 AD, Al-Maqrizi 845 AH - 1442 AD, and others. In this research, we will attempt to study the legendary mythological tendency in the historical writing of Al-Tabari and Al-Masudi, a tendency that permeated the history of these two historians. Al-Tabari was famous for his book The History of the Messengers and Kings or The History of Nations and Kings, as we find in other versions. In which, Al-Tabari tried to narrate the history of the world since the appearance of man on Earth, drawing his information from his culture and religious sources. Hence, his cosmic history is closer to religious history than to human history. He relies on religious texts such as the Qur’anic text and Hadith texts, and he does not hesitate to mention the myths of other nations. Which explains the history of the origin of the universe and the appearance of creation on Earth, and he formulates it in his beautiful foundry style so that it appears as if it were of his own making.
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Kovaleva, M. V., and O. V. Mikhailov. "Search for Ways to overcome the Crisis by Representatives of Russian Religious Thought." In General question of world science. Наука России, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-03-2021-61.
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The crisis at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries affected different countries and different aspects of social life, which was inevitable both due to geographical proximity and cultural, economic, political and other intersections. Addressing the topic of the sociocultural crisis was characteristic of both Russian and Western European philosophers of the early 20th century. The author in the article refers to the understanding of its features and ways to overcome it in the context of the ideas of Russian religious philosophers. An integral feature of Russian philosophical thought in the context of assessing the ongoing social changes and the search for ways out of a crisis situation is an understanding of the special purpose of Russia and an awareness of its role in human history. The works of Russian philosophers are full of anxiety about the future of mankind, about the fate of Russia, a premonition of possible death, therefore it is no coincidence that the appeal to the theme of the Apocalypse, the impending catastrophe, the end of history is perceived as a real threat to the existence of mankind. With all the diversity of approaches to assessing the sociocultural crisis, Russian thinkers are united by common philosophical roots, religion, national and cultural traditions. In the context of understanding the crisis processes of the early twentieth century, Russian religious thinkers raise the question of the role and significance of a person in the transformation of life, thereby actualizing the moral and anthropological problems.
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Regis Brasil, Priscilla. "Film as part of the thesis and mounting as a method for the social sciences." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.112.
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My argument is that the history of space can be built by montage. I'm a documentary filmmaker and editor. I understand film as a support for writing in fragments. I think that the filmic form, capable of carrying movements and times, testimonies and texts, past and present, is a suitable support for the history of space. There is a visual form of knowledge and a wisdom of the gaze, as in Warburg's Atlas, largely disregarded by the academy as a way of producing knowledge. If montage is a polyphonic device that uses forgotten remains and heterogeneous narrations to dismantle the official story and reassemble another story from its critical constellations, no instrument seems to me more adequate than a film to execute it. Through the search for other ways of narrating the urban experience, following Benjamin from the rags and the residues, operating knowledge from the anarchic potentialities of the fragment and the problematization through doubt, through the incomplete and through the unfinished. For Didi-Huberman, the empirical and creative exercise proposed by Benjamin is capable of bringing out other possibilities from the dismantling of certainties. It allows us to think through the differences in the gaps left between the fragments. The montage allows for the simultaneity of times and the emergence of symptoms, the revelation of failures, conflicts, heterogeneity, in perforating tradition and colliding with the text. If montage serves all this, it also serves the decolonization of perspectives and methodologies, serves to narrate the history of subalterns and the hidden histories of empires. It also can be used to articulate memory, narration and history in the attempt to grasp reality. I propose the use of cinematographic montage as a method of knowledge production, as an important part of the research and whose result will be a constitutive and inseparable part of the thesis. Film as a method for the social sciences. In addition to assembling the fragments, the author's narrative interference is a critical point of the proposed experience. Delivering an account of the position from which one narrates is, therefore, fundamental. The narration does not impose itself as a voice of God over the material, as it neither affirms nor has certainties. It is organized on the incompleteness of the process. The narration sheds light on the background of the painting, on what History disregarded, on what was considered disposable or unimportant by the discourse of the dominator. It is thinking through differences and from the cracks of what was enunciated by the authority. It is thinking from accidents and ghosts.I propose the integration of the result of film montage experience in the general organization of the thesis, so that the chapters can vary between the two supports, text and film, being organized according to what the material itself indicates.
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DANI, Abdelilah. "THE CONCEPT OF THE CURRICULUM BETWEEN THE NATURAL SCIENCES AND THE HUMAN SCIENCES." In III. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress3-8.
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The topic of research in the shoah is full of skeletons in general, whether it is popular or Indian; A thousand, the results of each work differ from the history of the seven, as a change in the history of the work, because there will be a group of people that represents its basic mission that it is witnessing. As a curriculum in terms of a scientific study of the basics of utilitarian work, as well as a complete independence, to be a special work in the science of methods, the living thing differs from the other, the living is sufficient as a machine for the marriage of the privatized languages. Like Al-Hajji on the problem of the method in the Indian world, it is considered a reference to the history of the Great Depression, notwithstanding during the famine and its social effects, which constituted a prominent decade in the history of the Great Nineties, especially before the Shiza and Ba’ja. Refusal to scrutinize the emotional reactions of the group, such as overcoming the emergence of ideas, constitutes a mental obstacle to the psychological distress in the private sphere, as well as through the use of loud, practical emotions. Like a stinging bear, the Indian uncle was looking for a peculiar squabble of her own that belonged to the stinging stinger, like a humping bear, what he shouted at him in his book 'Al-Kawasat as Things', that the slandered in the nugget of al-Khunaj was like a jerk; Because it is a subject of disintegration, so that the uncleanness of the Indian uncle cannot live during the opening of the hole. Thus, the sigmoid form in the indica is suffocated, and it refers to the living lump of the lungs. It is sufficient for the vas deferens in the labors, and the resuscitation spurs in the normal labors of the newborn to the age of puberty. Introspective, and the second is to try to reveal the brain. Yeh; In both cases, the exclusions were different from the first case of the larval condition, and the course of the endosperm differed as a chicken in the presence of a wrinkled one, and in the second case, the exudate was transferred to the lesion of patches of any lobe, or a second gastrocnemius, or something like the extraction of a soybean
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Gaitanaru, Andrei. "VIDEO GAMES IN THE XXIST CENTURY." In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-043.
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It may be said that the video games are a topical form of socio-cultural manifestation, because they make available to its public the means necessary for the inter-cultural and international communication (efficient communication channels and favorable social context), which then facilitate the appearance of new communities. These elements are worthy of being considered by the social sciences and also by the communication sciences, because communities of this kind are more numerous and more complex. They evolve along with the Internet as well as other types of modern media depending on the technological progress. Video games (the games developed for desktop systems and portable devices such as laptops, tablets and smartphones) have become a significant industry for the XXIst century due to the fact that in time they have constantly evolved and have managed to impose in the present time dominant media cultures. Along with their appearance numerous questions have surfaced regarding the impact of games on society, on the social environment, and also questions regarding the interactive processes and active audiences. Same as all the other new media, the video games, in their evolution, have borrowed elements and have adapted to the socio-cultural variety. The gaming industry was mainly shaped around the techno culture, our contemporary society being saturated by technology . Just like all the other histories, the video games history has been challenged in its turn by the specialists in the field. Seen in the most general way, the history is created and transmitted by people, who are being subjective most of the times. Considering these factors, it's clear that the history of video games is also comprised of a variety of fragmented information, which was and is being challenged to some extent. However, it is certain that the history of the Internet as well as the history of video games, are complex histories, that have developed depending on the technological context and evolution
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Ceriolo, L. "Why and How to Introduce the Teaching of History in the Cursum Studiorum of Structural Disciplines in Engineering Faculties." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0229.
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<p>Historia magistra vitae is not only a saying, but a true sentence. We cannot do our best without the knowledge derived from the past. We must learn from the past to act in the best way today. In fact, errors, faults and failures in structures and architecture could be avoided with knowledge and experience.</p><p>Social progress is connected to technological developments, and vice versa. Just consider two examples. First, the developments of the research about Fracture Mechanics were driven by the necessity to increase the basins of some damaged dams during the energy crisis in the 1970s. Secondly, the cracked experienced by some cast iron bridges drove the production of iron and steel as pure as metals. To study this phenomenon a new branch of science was born: fracture mechanics [1]. Several eminent engineers and historians traced the history of civil engineering and our task is now to translate their teaching to students of engineering together with the study of technical topics and BIM tools. It is important that future professors in science universities should have a general preparation and insight sufficient to teach successfully.</p>
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ASHIMOVA, Dinara. "MYTHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS IN ER-TOSTUK TALE." In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-9.
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Mythology is called the myths, which are about the seemingly real events to explain the beliefs, practices, institutions, or natural phenomena of a particular civilization or religious tradition, but are often associated with rituals and ceremonies, mostly unknown origin. Rumors tell the events that are outside of human life but which are the basis of it, what the gods or extraordinary beings do. This situation is generally included in folk narratives. The Turkish tribes who live in different parts of the world have their own folk narratives. Some of these folk narratives, such as Koroglu and Alpamys, have exceeded the difficulties of geography and history and have belonged to the whole of the nation. Er-Tostuk narrative is one of them.
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Kruszewski, Michal, and Leon Krzemieniecki. "Burning books in human history as evidence of extremely aggressive activation of the 'toxic power syndrome'." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005291.
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In this scientific essay, we highlight some common aspects of the issue of transferred aggression and symbolic aggression from the perspective of ‘innovative agonology’ – acronym INNOAGON. The cognitive goal of the essay is just the most general rationale regarding an open question: whether this new applied science will increase the chance of at least offsetting in the public space the pernicious, multidimensional effects of pervasive, commercially motivated violence and aggression. It would be ludicrous to equate the criterion for balancing the pathology of violence and aggression with the time and number of messages available to the two parties in the daily cycle. One is represented by entities for whom it is an attractive commodity or the dominant mode of action. The other - in addition to agonologists, individuals and collective actors who are aware (although not all of them refer to scientific evidence) that the continuation of such a practice on a macro level is a simple path to the self-destruction of global civilization. Potential perpetrators could be public affairs coordinators with the highest intensity of 'toxic power syndrome' and at the same time with access to nuclear and biological weapons. The claim that enhancing 'creative power syndrome' at every stage of ontogenesis is the most profitable investment of an individual is both a simple demonstration of the power of evidence-based argumentation. However, social circumstances unambiguously limit applications to the micro scale).
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Dartnall, W. John. "A General Approach for Introducing Materials Handling Topics in a Mechanical Engineering Degree Course." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82004.
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This paper outlines the development of the teaching materials for an introductory lecture/chapter in a single semester final-year materials handling course for undergraduate and postgraduate mechanical engineers. The study of materials handling equipment and processes primarily involves the application of mechanical engineering design principles emanating from the mechanics of machine elements, structures, thermo-fluids and particle mechanics. The detail topics of our course are from two main areas: • Bulk materials handling by screw, bucket and belt conveyors as well as pneumatic and hydraulic conveyors. • Unit (discrete) materials handling of artifacts and manufactured (packaged) products. For undergraduate and early postgraduate students, we utilize this course to provide an opportunity for students to amalgamate and integrate their engineering knowledge and experiences, and solve complex, real world problems of the materials handling industries. Although the students are mostly fresh from their engineering sciences and hence have skills at applying basic principles, many have little or no practical experience in the materials handling industries. For this reason we start by discussing the significance of the industry and expose them to that fact that these industries have historically expanded from simple (manual) handling to large scale mechanical handling of goods and bulk solids. The particle mechanics aspect of the bulk handling component of the course is relatively unfamiliar to the students. For this reason, after giving our brief history and socio-economic perspective of the materials handling industry, we emphasize general principles related to the handling of particulate solids. We differentiate between design approaches where designers work from basic mechanics and the common empirical design procedures often outlined by manufacturers.
Reports on the topic "Social sciences -> history -> general"
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Manning, Nick, and Mariano Lafuente. Leadership and Capacity Building for Public Sector Executives: Proceedings from the 2nd Policy and Knowledge Summit between China and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007965.
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This discussion paper summarizes the proceedings at the Second China-Latin America and the Caribbean Policy and Knowledge Summit, focusing on leadership and capacity building for public sector executives. The event, sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Inter-American Development Bank, was held in Beijing and Shanghai, China in 2015. The paper discusses practices related to the management and training of public executives in China, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Jamaica, and Peru, and provides a general context for these practices in OECD and Latin American and Caribbean countries. The Summit identified common challenges among the countries, despite the obvious differences in terms of size and history, such as finding a balance between political neutrality and technical capacity and ensuring high ethical standards to address low citizen trust in the public sector.
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Rancans, Elmars, Jelena Vrublevska, Ilana Aleskere, Baiba Rezgale, and Anna Sibalova. Mental health and associated factors in the general population of Latvia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rīga Stradiņš University, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/fk2/0mqsi9.
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Description The goal of the study was to assess mental health, socio-psychological and behavioural aspects in the representative sample of Latvian general population in online survey, and to identify vulnerable groups during COVID-19 pandemic and develop future recommendations. The study was carried out from 6 to 27 July 2020 and was attributable to the period of emergency state from 11 March to 10 June 2020. The protocol included demographic data and also data pertaining to general health, previous self-reported psychiatric history, symptoms of anxiety, clinically significant depression and suicidality, as well as a quality of sleep, sex, family relationships, finance, eating and exercising and religion/spirituality, and their changes during the pandemic. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was used to determine the presence of distress or depression, the Risk Assessment of Suicidality Scale was used to assess suicidal behaviour, current symptoms of anxiety were assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y. (2021-02-04) Subject Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Keyword: COVID19, pandemic, depression, anxiety, suicidality, mental health, Latvia
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Yaremchuk, Olesya. TRAVEL ANTHROPOLOGY IN JOURNALISM: HISTORY AND PRACTICAL METHODS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11069.
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Our study’s main object is travel anthropology, the branch of science that studies the history and nature of man, socio-cultural space, social relations, and structures by gathering information during short and long journeys. The publication aims to research the theoretical foundations and genesis of travel anthropology, outline its fundamental principles, and highlight interaction with related sciences. The article’s defining objectives are the analysis of the synthesis of fundamental research approaches in travel anthropology and their implementation in journalism. When we analyze what methods are used by modern authors, also called «cultural observers», we can return to the localization strategy, namely the centering of the culture around a particular place, village, or another spatial object. It is about the participants-observers and how the workplace is limited in space and time and the broader concept of fieldwork. Some disciplinary practices are confused with today’s complex, interactive cultural conjunctures, leading us to think of a laboratory of controlled observations. Indeed, disciplinary approaches have changed since Malinowski’s time. Based on the experience of fieldwork of Svitlana Aleksievich, Katarzyna Kwiatkowska-Moskalewicz, or Malgorzata Reimer, we can conclude that in modern journalism, where the tools of travel anthropology are used, the practical methods of complexity, reflexivity, principles of openness, and semiotics are decisive. Their authors implement both for stable localization and for a prevailing transition.
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Wagner, Daniel. The Ocean Exploration Trust 2023 Field Season. Ocean Exploration Trust, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62878/vud148.
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This annual report marks the fifteenth year anniversary of Ocean Exploration Trust’s (OET) E/V Nautilus exploring poorly known parts of our global ocean in search of new discoveries. Since its first season in 2009, E/V Nautilus has conducted a total of 158 expeditions that explored our ocean throughout the Black Sea, Mediterranean, Atlantic, Caribbean, and Pacific for a total of 1,970 days at sea (~5.5 years). These scientific expeditions included a total of 1,017 successful ROV dives, as well as mapped over 1,053,000 km2 of seafloor. The results of these exploratory expeditions have been summarized in over 300 peer-reviewed scientific publications covering a wide range of scientific disciplines, including marine geology, biology, archaeology, chemistry, technology development, and the social sciences. Throughout its 15-year history, E/V Nautilus has been not only a platform for ocean exploration and discovery, but also an inclusive workspace that has provided pathways for more people, especially those early in their careers, to experience and enter ocean exploration professions. It has also catalyzed numerous technological innovations, multi-disciplinary collaborations, and inspired millions through OET’s extensive outreach initiatives. The 2023 field season was no exception, with E/V Nautilus undertaking 12 multi-disciplinary expeditions that explored some of the most remote and poorly surveyed areas in the Pacific, all of which included numerous activities to share expedition stories with diverse audiences across the globe.
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Abufhele, Alejandra, David Bravo, Florencia Lopez-Boo, and Pamela Soto-Ramirez. Developmental losses in young children from pre-primary program closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003920.
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The learning and developmental losses from pre-primary program closures due to COVID-19 may be unprecedented. These disruptions early in life, when the brain is more sensitive to environmental changes, can be long-lasting. Although there is evidence about the effects of school closures on older children, there is currently no evidence on such losses for children in their early years. This paper is among the first to quantify the actual impact of pandemic-related closures on child development, in this case for a sample of young children in Chile, where school and childcare closures lasted for about a year. We use a unique dataset collected face-to-face in December 2020, which includes child development indicators for general development, language development, social-emotional development, and executive function. We are able to use a first difference strategy because Chile has a history of collecting longitudinal data on children as part of their national social policies monitoring strategy. This allows us to construct a valid comparison group from the 2017 longitudinal data. We find adverse impacts on children in 2020 compared to children interviewed in 2017 in most development areas. In particular, nine months after the start of the pandemic, we find a loss in language development of 0.25 SDs. This is equivalent to the impact on a childs language development of having a mother with approximately five years less education. Timely policies are needed to mitigate these enormous losses.
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Kokurina, Olga Yu. STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT IN THE LIGHT OF A SYSTEMIC-ORGANIC APPROACH: INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH. SIB-Expertise, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0755.18122023.
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This electronic resource contains a critical summary of the problems of sovereign statehood and the responsibility of public authority in the light of an interdisciplinary systemic organic approach. The author reveals the essence and content of the categories “sovereign statehood” and “responsibility of public authority” as key factors of the state legal system for ensuring the life of the Russian Federation in the conditions of the emergence of a new world order. It is shown that the multi-valued category of “statehood” (statehood, stateness, nationhood, nationness) reflects the complexity of the concept, which characterizes the status and ability of the state to carry out its functions, and on the other hand, reflects the cultural-historical and spiritual-ideological unity of society, which is the deepest internal semantic content both preceding the state and completing its sociohistorical formation in the course of state development and historical transformations. Based on the systemic-organic approach and within the framework of the structure of the Aristotelian tetrad, the author reveals an integral model of the political and legal phenomenon of “statehood”, in which the final cause (ethion) is determined by “sovereign statehood”, which presupposes unity, integrity, actual autonomy, independence, independence and self-sufficiency states in making decisions that ensure the historical existence and development of the country. The work presents a theoretical understanding of social (public) solidarity as a legal construct and instrument of social harmony and integrity of the state-legal body of the Russian Federation. It is shown that public solidarity, as a constitutional and administrative-legal phenomenon in its positive and negative forms, creates the necessary basis for the implementation of the principle of mutual responsibility of the individual, society and state. An idea of the responsibilities of the state, its bodies and officials to the individual and society is given, the role and place of public legal responsibility of holders of power in the solidary social mechanism is outlined. In general, the results of interdisciplinary research are aimed at identifying key factors in social theory and practice that contribute to the acquisition of true independence and self-sufficiency of Russian statehood and the preservation of the civilizational foundations of a multinational Russian society. The manual will be useful to undergraduate and graduate students studying social and political sciences, and anyone interested in the theory and practice of government.
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Attansio, Orazio, and Debbie Blair. Structural modelling in policymaking. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cip9.
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Structural modelling, that is the use of behavioural models to add a framework to the decision problem of an agent, is a useful yet underused tool in evaluation. This paper provides a general introduction to structural modelling, as well as an overview of other commonly used evaluation techniques in Economics and other social sciences. It then goes on to show with three key case studies, how structural models can be used to enrich the findings from randomised control trials. The case studies cover a wide range of policy questions: examining demand for health products in Kenya, incentivising teachers to attend school in India, and evaluating conditional cash transfers for education in Mexico. The case studies show how structural models add to our understanding of the mechanisms behind a given treatment effect, how the findings may change when the policy is rolled out under different circumstances, as well as allowing for the evaluation of different policies that were not originally trialled. The common pitfalls of structural models are discussed, with guidance provided throughout on how to conduct sensitivity analysis and model validation. It is hoped that this paper will persuade other researchers to use structural models, in conjunction with randomised control trials, that will lead to improved evaluation results, a deeper understanding of important problems, and better informed policymaking in the future.
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Squiers, Linda, Mariam Siddiqui, Ishu Kataria, Preet K. Dhillon, Aastha Aggarwal, Carla Bann, Molly Lynch, and Laura Nyblade. Perceived, Experienced, and Internalized Cancer Stigma: Perspectives of Cancer Patients and Caregivers in India. RTI Press, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0044.2104.
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Cancer stigma may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This exploratory, pilot study was conducted in India to explore the degree to which cancer stigma is perceived, experienced, and internalized among adults living with cancer and their primary caregivers. We conducted a survey of cancer patients and their caregivers in two Indian cities. The survey assessed perceived, experienced, and internalized stigma; demographic characteristics; patient cancer history; mental health; and social support. A purposive sample of 20 cancer survivor and caregiver dyads was drawn from an ongoing population-based cohort study. Overall, 85 percent of patients and 75 percent of caregivers reported experiencing some level (i.e., yes response to at least one of the items) of perceived, experienced, or internalized stigma. Both patients (85 percent) and caregivers (65 percent) perceived that community members hold at least one stigmatizing belief or attitude toward people with cancer. About 60 percent of patients reported experiencing stigma, and over one-third of patients and caregivers had internalized stigma. The findings indicate that fatalistic beliefs about cancer are prevalent, and basic education about cancer for the general public, patients, and caregivers is required. Cancer-related stigma in India should continue to be studied to determine and address its prevalence, root causes, and influence on achieving physical and mental health-related outcomes.
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Sett, Dominic, Christina Widjaja, Patrick Sanady, Angelica Greco, Neysa Setiadi, Saut Sagala, Cut Sri Rozanna, and Simone Sandholz. Hazards, Exposure and Vulnerability in Indonesia: A risk assessment across regions and provinces to inform the development of an Adaptive Social Protection Road Map. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/uvrd1447.
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Risk induced by natural hazards and climate change has been accelerating worldwide, leading to adverse impacts on communities' well-being. Dealing with this risk is increasingly complex and requires cross-sectoral action. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) has emerged as a promising approach to strengthen the resilience of communities by integrating Social Protection (SP), Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) efforts. To inform this integration and thereby support the development of a functional ASP approach, the identification and provision of relevant data and information are vital. In this context, risk assessments are crucial as they establish the groundwork for the design of effective ASP interventions. However, despite the importance of risk information for ASP and the abundance of sectoral assessments, there is not yet a comprehensive risk assessment approach, a reality that also applies to Indonesia. Although the country is one of the international pioneers of the concept and has enshrined ASP at the highest national level in its development plans, this emphasis in policy and practice has been hampered by the absence of more unified assessment methods. The Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) presented here takes a unique approach to develop such a cross-sectoral risk assessment and apply it throughout Indonesia. The HEVA brings together different risk understandings of key actors both internationally and domestically within SP, DRM and CCA, as well as identifying commonalities across sectors to establish a joint understanding. The HEVA not only considers risk as an overarching outcome but also focuses on its drivers, i.e. hazards, exposure and vulnerability, to identify why specific communities are at risk and thus customize ASP interventions. Subsequently, risks are assessed for Indonesia’s regions and provinces based on this cross-sectoral risk understanding. Secondary data has been acquired from various existing sectoral assessments conducted in Indonesia, and in total, data for 44 indicators has been compiled to calculate hazard, exposure and vulnerability levels for all 34 Indonesian provinces. Findings of the HEVA suggest that overall risk is high in Indonesia and no single province can be characterized as a low-risk area, demonstrating a strong relevance for ASP throughout the whole of the country. Papua, Maluku, and Central Sulawesi were identified as provinces with the highest overall risk in Indonesia. However, even Yogyakarta, which was identified as a comparatively low-risk province, still ranks among the ten most hazard-prone provinces in the country and has a demonstrated history of severe impact events. This also underlines that the composition of risk based on the interplay of hazard, exposure and vulnerability differs significantly among provinces. For example, in Papua and West Papua, vulnerability ranks as the highest in Indonesia, while hazard and exposure levels are comparatively low. In contrast, East Java and Central Java are among the highest hazard-prone provinces, while exposure and vulnerability are comparatively low. The results provide much more comprehensive insight than individual sectoral analyses can offer, facilitating the strategic development and implementation of targeted ASP interventions that address the respective key risk components. Based on lessons learned from the development and application of the HEVA approach, as well as from the retrieved results, the report provides recommendations relevant for policymakers, practitioners and researchers. First, recommendations regarding risk assessments for ASP are given, emphasizing the need to bring together sectoral understandings and to consider the interconnection of hazards, exposure and vulnerability, including their drivers and root causes, to assess current and future risk. It is also recommended to complement national level assessments with more specific local assessments. Secondly, recommendations regarding ASP option development in general are provided, including the importance of considering side effects of interventions, root causes of risks, the potential of nature-based solutions and barriers to implementation due to local capacities when designing ASP interventions. Third, recommendations regarding focal areas for ASP programmes are outlined for the case of Indonesia, such as prioritizing interventions in risk hotspots and areas characterized by high readiness for ASP solutions. At the same time, it is vital to leave no region behind as all provinces face risks that potentially jeopardize communities’ well-being.
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Hotsur, Oksana, and Anastasiia Bila. Епістолярна спадщина Олени Теліги як виразник творчої особистості. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11723.
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The scientific research considers and analyzes the epistolary heritage of Olena Teliha. Excerpts from her correspondence are presented, which testify to the formation of a brilliant woman, a creative personality who played an extremely important role in the struggle for the formation of Ukrainian statehood. It is from the letters that we learn that for her letters are almost an ideal way of communication. The epistolary heritage of Olena Teliha allows us to reveal the vision of the main processes in her personal life against the background of the general historical discourse. In addition, the main communicative visions that determine her creative personality are highlighted: communicative vision of friendship, love, creation of literary talent, perseverance and strength, resistance to rejection. Attention is focused on the importance of studying and researching the epistolary heritage of creative personalities in the context of social communications. From the quoted letters, which are distinguished by their sincerity and accuracy of expression, it is possible to determine and formulate what positions and ideas the civic activist, poet and publicist adhered to. In addition, we can see the line of consistency in the formation of a creative personality who not only lives and writes, but acts – creates history, its moment, the value of which is felt and understood by future generations. It is found that the life path in its interconnection with historical circumstances and social environment influenced the formation of the creative personality of the genius poet and publicist. The peculiarities of the epistolary of Olena Teliha are determined by the circumstances, people and personalities that she had to face in life. The promising areas of research are the letters of Olena Teliha, which are in the archives of other countries and the allocation of journalistic and documentary aspects of her epistolary heritage. Keywords: epistolary heritage, letters, public figure, journalism, creative personality.