Academic literature on the topic 'Social Rules Theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Social Rules Theory"
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Kew, F. C. "Game-Rules and Social Theory." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 27, no. 4 (December 1992): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101269029202700402.
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Serrano, Roberto. "The Theory of Implementation of Social Choice Rules." SIAM Review 46, no. 3 (January 2004): 377–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0036144503435945.
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Buttle, Francis A. "Rules Theory: Understanding The Social Construction Of Consumer Behaviour." Journal of Marketing Management 14, no. 1-3 (April 1998): 63–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/026725798784959336.
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Bailyn, Sarah J. "Who Makes the Rules? Using Wittgenstein in Social Theory." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 32, no. 3 (September 2002): 311–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00189.
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WU, HAOYANG. "QUANTUM MECHANISM HELPS AGENTS COMBAT "BAD" SOCIAL CHOICE RULES." International Journal of Quantum Information 09, no. 01 (February 2011): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021974991100706x.
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Quantum strategies have been successfully applied to game theory for years. However, as a reverse problem of game theory, the theory of mechanism design is ignored by physicists. In this paper, the theory of mechanism design is generalized to a quantum domain. The main result is that by virtue of a quantum mechanism, agents who satisfy a certain condition can combat "bad" social choice rules instead of being restricted by the traditional mechanism design theory.
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Lehtinen, Aki. "A welfarist critique of social choice theory: interpersonal comparisons in the theory of voting." Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 8, no. 2 (December 16, 2015): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23941/ejpe.v8i2.200.
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This paper provides a philosophical critique of social choice theory insofar as it deals with the normative evaluation of voting and voting rules. I will argue that the very method of evaluating voting rules in terms of whether they satisfy various conditions is deeply problematic because introducing strategic behaviour leads to a violation of any condition that makes a difference between voting rules. I also argue that it is legitimate to make interpersonal comparisons of utilities in voting theory. Combining a realistic account of voters’ behaviour with a utilitarian evaluation of the outcomes then leads to the judgment that strategic voting is beneficial. If it is, then Arrow's theorem does not have far-reaching consequences for democracy because one of its conditions is not normatively acceptable.
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V, Muthulakshmi. "Social and Cultural Theory Exposed by Gunasekaran’s Drama of ‘THODU’." Indian Journal of Tamil 3, no. 3 (July 4, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2234.
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A country controls and rules another country by its social, political and economical power as it is called colonization. This colonization activity has started from Aryan invasion on Dravidian people and their culture. From 19th century many countries ruled by Portuguese, Dutch, Roman countries. They explored on another country and ruled it as slave. Later The slavery system tried to break its chain and got freedom by political way. Even though the colonized countries got freedom from rued country, their footpath of colonization never vanished and developed based on new world and technology. K.A. Gunasekaran written a drama of “Thodu” which discloses that every nation must have self thinking and its effects on their country by their principle. By this play he wants to recover the Corner people and Tribes people from slavery system.
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Ridinger, Garret. "Shame and Theory-of-Mind Predicts Rule-Following Behavior." Games 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g11030036.
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This paper examines the idea that adherence to social rules is in part driven by moral emotions and the ability to recognize the emotions of others. Moral emotions like shame and guilt produce negative feelings when social rules are transgressed. The ability to recognize and understand the emotions of others is known as affective theory of mind (ToM). ToM is necessary for people to understand how others are affected by the violations of social rules. Using a laboratory experiment, individuals participated in a rule-following task designed to capture the propensity to follow costly social rules and completed psychometric measures of guilt, shame, and ToM. The results show that individuals who feel more shame and have higher ToM are more likely to follow the rules. The results from this experiment suggest that both shame and ToM are important in understanding rule-following.
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Melkevik, Åsbjørn. "Four concepts of rules: A theory of rule egalitarianism." European Journal of Political Theory 18, no. 4 (June 22, 2016): 449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474885116653366.
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This article outlines the foundations of a nomos-observing theory of social justice, termed ‘rule egalitarianism’, that explains how the seemingly contradictory merger of classical liberalism and social justice is conceivable. The first step towards such a theory consists in ensuring that a concern for the rule of law is etched in the very core of our understanding of social justice, in which case some egalitarian rules will be acceptable from a classical liberal viewpoint. The legal framework of capitalism can indeed be designed to reduce inequality in the name of justice inasmuch as any egalitarian goal is specified in terms of institutional rules. More precisely, rules in a liberal polity should be general and abstract, which will lead us to establish a distinction between four concepts of rules, namely between laws, regulations, statutes and decrees. Moreover, against the neoclassical liberal understanding of social justice, rule egalitarianism argues that having general and abstract rules of market capitalism imposes some constraints on any institutional framework so that social justice becomes necessary to correct the errors of imperfect generalisations, leaving some people behind.
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OKADA, Norio. "The Game Theory as Design of Rules for Social Systems." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 14 (1997): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.14.1.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Social Rules Theory"
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Maroldi, Marcelo Masson. "A theory of Normativity." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-11042017-085838/.
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This work discusses a way of thinking the normative practices as a phenomenon better understood through a pragmatic account of social practices. We claim that an appropriate approach to normativity should accept the presence, in the normative creature, of natural capacities intrinsically related to norm-governed activities, especially what we call a normative attitude. Thus, we present a discussion on the rule-based account of normativity understood as a sort of intersubjective practice grounded in practical skills and learning processes as well. We also indicate why the pragmatic model appropriately fits with a connectionist model of cognition. Finally, we argue that normative practices should be understood primarily in terms of internal patterns, functionally defined, instituted as nonexplicit, non-conscious individual processes. The consequence is a practical, inferentialist, connectionist, and implicit approach to the normativity.Este trabalho discute um modo de pensar as práticas normativas como um fenômeno melhor entendido através de uma explicação pragmática das praticas sociais. Afirmamos que uma estratégia apropriada para entender a normatividade deve aceitar a presença, nas criaturas normativas, de capacidades naturais intrinsecamente relacionadas às atividades governadas por normas, especialmente o que chamamos de atitudes normativas. Assim, apresentamos uma discussão de uma abordagem da normatividade baseada em regras entendidas como um tipo de prática intersubjetiva fundada em habilidades práticas e, também, em processes de aprendizado. Indicamos, então, por que um modelo pragmático se adéqua apropriadamente a um modelo conexionista de cognição. Finalmente, argumentamos que as práticas normativas devem ser entendidas primeiramente em termos de padrões internos, funcionalmente definidos, instituídos como processos individuais não explícitos e não conscientes. A consequência é uma explicação prática, inferencialista, conexionista e implícita da normatividade.
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Thrasher, John James. "Contractarianism With a Human Face." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311553.
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Contractarianism with a Human Face reinterprets the social contract, not as a model to generate a unique set of rules of justice, but as a dynamic process for making comparative institutional evaluations. An institutional reorientation allows contractarians to abandon the untenable assumption of a homogeneous model of agency (be it austere rational choice or Rawlsian reasonableness), replacing it with diverse agents living under institutions all can rationally endorse, and to which they have different reasons to comply. Contractarianism With a Human Face is a contractarian theory that differs from all other contractarian theories because it rejects the search for a unique answer to the question of what is justice. It does not flee from diversity, but instead finds new solutions to old problems through broadening the contractual model and the agents that make it up. This version of contractarianism has a human face in the sense that it starts from the diversity, disorder, and complexity of human life and seeks to find rules that we can all live under. Not by eliminating that diversity, but by embracing it. In so doing, however, it fundamentally changes the shape of contractarian theory. By rejecting the search for a unique "solution" to what rules of justice are justified, Contractarianism With a Human Face becomes a project of evaluating contingent and evolving institutions and constitutional rules. Rationality and justice are reconciled, at least partially, though human history.
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Short, Leonie Marianne, and n/a. "Conflict Escalation in Response to Continued Pushy, Dominating Behaviour in the Workplace: Ideal and Everyday Response Strategies Examined." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040416.141210.
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The aim of the current research program was to investigate the social context of escalation in response to continued pushy behaviour in the workplace. In doing so, this research program contributes to the development of communication skills by investigating the entire context of skills required for effective communication in managing everyday conflict in the workplace. The response class, Responding to continued pushy or dominating behaviour in the workplace, was selected as a vehicle for examining the context of escalation for two reasons. Firstly, this response class, by the very nature of pushy behaviour, embodies a continued interaction. In the past, assertive communication research has focused on one off responses rather than a continued interaction. Secondly, this response class has been identified in previous research as being of interest to assertiveness trainees (Cooley, 1979, Lefevre & West, 1984, Wilson & Gallios, 1993). The theoretical premise of the current research program resides in the application of Social Rules Theory to the difficult face-to-face communication situation, or response class, of responding to continued pushy behaviour in the workplace. In doing so, this approach also takes into account dialectical theory, conflict resolution theory, and the concept of response components that can be selected and/or combined in order to meet the requirements, or rules, of a specific situation. In adopting the Social Rules approach, the current research program addresses the key criticisms of the traditional approach to assertion and assertion training, namely that people behaving assertively are sometimes negatively evaluated for assertive behaviour (Wilson & Gallois, 1993); and that assertion traditionally focused on the expressiveness of a response at the unintended cost of social or contextual appropriateness (Crawford, 1988); that finding a response is assertive does not delineate which aspects of the response are producing which types of effects (Galassi, 1978; Mullinix & Galassi, 1981). Most importantly, the current research contributes to the field by examining the negative response class in terms of a response sequence of escalation, rather than a one-off response. This is new research and contributes to the field theoretically and to the conceptualisation of assertion and communication. In order to meet the goals of the current research program, the response class Responding to continued pushy behaviour in the workplace, was defined precisely in terms of the situational context. This response class implies a workplace relationship of an ongoing nature. Four other variables were involved in defining and investigating the situation. These were status, gender of message sender, gender of message receiver, and response level (initial response, first escalation or second escalation). The current program of research was carried out in a series of three related studies, and these four variables were examined in each of the three studies. The purpose of the first study was to elicit social rules and goals for interpersonally effective and appropriate escalation strategies in response to pushy dominating communication in the workplace. This study was conducted in two parts, a qualitative questionnaire completed by 20 females and 20 males, and two focus groups, one for females and one for males. Content analysis revealed a set of rules for an escalation sequence for each combination of status and gender. These rules were then operationalized, filmed and analysed in the second study. One hundred and twenty-three participants (64 females and 59 males) with work experience watched the operationalized responses and rated them on a series of seven scales. These scales were effectiveness in stopping the pushy behaviour (task effectiveness), effectiveness in maintaining the relationship (maintenance effectives), social appropriateness, interpersonal skill required, risk involved, personal difficulty in making the response, and likelihood of making the response. Analyses included descriptive statistics, which indicated that the operationalized responses were perceived to be effective and socially appropriate. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were also conducted and revealed a number of significant interactions for each status level (manager, colleague, subordinate). The third and final study in this research program adopted a qualitative approach to examine continued pushy or dominating communication in the workplace. Eighty-two (45 female and 37 male) participants completed a qualitative questionnaire utilizing an open-ended approach. This questionnaire was designed for the purpose of the third study to elicit the typical behaviours, emotions and cognitions participants have in response to continued pushy behaviour in the workplace. Also, a data analysis process was designed specifically for the third study to provide an analytical procedure that was as systematically rigorous and replicable as possible. This process is explained in detail in Study 3. The results of the third study revealed differences between actual behaviour and rule based behaviour in response to continued pushy behaviour, namely that actual responses are more public and direct in nature, and more likely to promote destructive conflict escalation. This finding implies that typical responses are not as effective as rule based responses, highlighting the benefits of applying social rules to manage difficult face to face communication situations. In summary, the current research project utilized a multi-method approach in a series of three studies to reveal the nature of Social Rules based responses and typical responses. The results of this research program have implications for both the theory and practice of effective communication and effective communication training. Evaluation of both social rules based and typical responses have implications for communication trainees who wish to make informed choice based on a consideration of functionally effective behaviour and personal satisfaction. For example, social rules for escalation in response to continued pushy behaviour from a male manager may indicate that it is most effective for a female subordinate to acquiesce. However, the female subordinate may choose to violate social rules and risk being perceived as inappropriate and damaging the relationship, to achieve a super-ordinate goal or for personal satisfaction. Conversely, the social rules and responses developed in the current research program have implications for professional effectiveness in the workplace by providing guidelines for dealing with dominating behaviour.
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Szuster, Flávia Rechtman. "Uma análise do valor social considerado pelo Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis à luz da teoria tridimensional do direito." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9810.
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This thesis aimed to identify the social value considered by the Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis (CPC) in issuing their pronouncements: getting closer or moving away from the international accounting standards. Accounting is going through a historical moment, marked by the accounting standards´ convergence and by the creation of a universal language. In the process, each country has a framework which can vary from convergence, where countries maintain their regulatory institutions, to endorsement, where an accounting pronouncements´ translation is made. In Brazil, the process is conducted by CPC, composed by six Brazilian private institutions, each representing a different group of economic agents. The CPC issues a statement, which enters into public hearing for at least 30 days. The new version results from the analysis of the suggestions received. We used in the theses Miguel Reale´s Tridimensional Theory of Law, which consists of the standard, fact and value, which are always present and functionally related and dialectic, and suffer interference of power, which determines the positive values, to be preserved, and the negative values, to be banned. The accounting pronouncements related to General Concepts and Disclosure before and after the public hearing were used, as well as the international standard on which the Brazilian statement is based and the suggestions received by the CPC on those accounting pronouncements. The results indicate a strong association between suggestions that intended to get closer to the international standards and acceptance by the CPC. Moreover, the actors involved in the process accept the fact that Brazilian´s pronouncements are getting closer to international standards and begin to understand that changing the international standard is the way of changing the Brazilian pronouncement.
Esta tese teve como objetivo identificar qual o valor social considerado pelo Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis (CPC) na emissão de seus pronunciamentos contábeis: aproximação ou distanciamento das normas contábeis brasileiras às internacionais. A contabilidade mundial se encontra em um momento histórico, marcado pelo processo de convergência das normas contábeis e da criação de uma linguagem universal. No processo, cada país tem uma abordagem, que pode variar da convergência, onde os países mantêm suas instituições normativas, ao endosso, onde é efetuada uma tradução dos pronunciamentos contábeis. No Brasil, o processo é conduzido pelo CPC, formado sob a égide de seis instituições privadas brasileiras, cada uma representando um diferente grupo de agentes econômicos. O CPC emite um pronunciamento, que entra em audiência pública por no mínimo 30 dias. A nova versão é resultado da análise das sugestões recebidas. Utilizamos na tese a Teoria Tridimensional do Direito, de Miguel Reale, composta por norma, fato e valor, que estão sempre presentes e correlacionados de maneira funcional e dialética, e sofrem interferência do Poder, que determina quais os valores positivos, a serem preservados, e quais os valores negativos, a serem proibidos. Foram utilizados os pronunciamentos contábeis emitidos pelo CPC no que diz respeito a Conceituação Geral e Evidenciação, antes e depois da audiência pública, a norma internacional em que se baseia o pronunciamento brasileiro e as sugestões recebidas pelo CPC sobre os pronunciamentos contábeis. Os resultados apontam para uma forte associação entre sugestões que tinham como finalidade a aproximação das normas internacionais e a aceitação por parte do CPC. Além disso, os atores envolvidos no processo passam a aceitar a aproximação dos pronunciamentos contábeis brasileiros aos internacionais como realidade e aprenderam que o caminho para modificação de algum ponto do pronunciamento brasileiro é a alteração do pronunciamento do IASB.
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Caddick, David John. "The experiences of former UK military personnel re-entering the civilian world." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2110.
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This thesis focuses on the experiences of former UK military personnel from all three armed services re-entering the civilian workplace. There is a distinct lack of research in this area with only limited studies carried out which tend to focus on the difficult transitions or the actual mechanics of engaging with the civilian labour market. This thesis provides a unique insight into the experiences of military personnel and their journey out of the military environment and into the civilian environment. This study uses a qualitative methodology based upon an interpretive approach to gain insights into the experiences of former military personnel who left the military for a variety of reasons. The study examined the stories of a main research cohorts of 16 individuals and a second cohort of 10 individuals were engaged to further challenge theoretical saturation. The research subjects were selected using a ‘snowball’ approach and selection filtered using a specific set of criteria. Their military experiences span a range of times since discharge and a range of civilian employment since leaving. Following a review of existing literature encompassing career theory, transition theory, narrative analysis and activity theory, open interviews were conducted with participants simply asked to “tell me your story”. The transcripts of the interviews were then analysed using three analytical frames: activity theory, storytelling and perceptions of the self. The participants mainly identified tensions in their relationships with new communities, mediated by the changed social rules and divisions of labour that they encountered in their transition. Those who identified the lowest levels of tension tended to tell their stories in a heroic mode and demonstrated multiple or mixed senses of the self, whilst those who identified the highest tensions tended to tell their stories in a tragic mode and privileged their military identity above their other identities. The data suggests that some of these experience may be connected to the concept of the unquestioned organisation that was expressed by all the research cohort and the unthinking transfer of agency that occurs on joining and leaving the military.
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Dantas, Miguel Calmon Teixeira de Carvalho. "Constitucionalismo dirigente brasileiro e a pós-modernidade:resistência e projeção do estado social enquanto dimensão do estado democrático de direito." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10701.
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O presente estudo se dedica a demonstrar que a constituição brasileira de 1988 é dirigente, possuindo normas programáticas que impõem objetivos fundamentais e tarefas ao estado, pertinentes à transformação da realidade com o desiderato de promover a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais, também eles programáticos enquanto mandados de otimização, e a operatividade do estado social, sustentado como dimensão essencial do estado democrático de direito. Procede-se a uma análise desde as origens do constitucionalismo moderno no sentido de caracterizar a prevalência do legislador e a imunização do mercado com relação às constituições, inclusive durante o primeiro ciclo do constitucionalismo social e, no que respeita aos países que tiveram hiatos democráticos, até o restabelecimento da democracia, com a conquista da fórmula direito. Analise-se o caminho das normas programáticas da absoluta ausência de juridicidade até a vinculação positiva e negativa sobre o legislador, detentor apenas de uma liberdade de conformação restrita, cuja omissão deliberada acarreta descumprimento do dever constitucional de legislar, consubstanciando omissão inconstitucional. São realçados os objetivos do estado, que se traduzem nos programas constitucionais, enquanto expressão da auto-projeção do devir comunitário, e a fundamentação jurídico-axiológica do estado social e dos direitos fundamentais nos princípios da solidariedade e da dignidade da pessoa humana, para o qual se encaminha o dirigismo. Ressalta-se que o dirigismo contém uma função de resistência que resguarda a si, ao estado social, aos direitos fundamentais e ao mínimo vital e à própria política em face dos problemas e das contínuas pressões a que são submetidos. Além da resistência, o dirigismo encerra um caráter projetivo de futuro, abrigando utopias jurídicas que conduzem para além do mínimo vital, destinando-se à promoção do máximo existencial. Afirmou-se que a pós-modernidade nada mais é do que o encontro da modernidade consigo mesma, cujos paradigmas sustentados não têm o condão de diluir o dirigismo brasileiro diante do desenvolvimento de uma teoria da constituição dirigente adequada ao texto e ao contexto pátrios, sem que haja qualquer prejuízo à capacidade dirigente e nem que se legitime a transferência da direção política, previamente assentada pela constituição, para outras instâncias. Com a rejeição da tendência ambivalente, flexível e fluida da pós-modernidade sobre o dirigismo, firmou-se a impossibilidade de acolhimento pelas instâncias políticas do ideário e dos postulados neoliberais, contrários à direção e à programaticidade político-constitucional.
Salvador
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Askervall, Karl. "Talibanerna som organisation : En studie av strukturen på styret av talibanernas organisation 2009." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-2726.
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Sedan attacken på USA 11 september 2001 har åtskilliga rapporter skrivits om Talibanernaför att skapa underlag för styrkorna som bekämpar dem. Syftet med uppsatsen är att försökaåskådliggöra en struktur på styret av talibanernas organisation 2009 och förklara varför dehade denna struktur på styret med utgångspunkt i den religiösa utbildningen. Och i och meddetta bidra till forskningsläget om talibanerna. Frågeställningen som besvaras i uppsatsen är:Vilken struktur hade styret av talibanernas organisation 2009 och varför hade styret dennastruktur? Denna frågeställning löses ut av följande 2 frågor: Fråga 1 - Kan strukturen påstyret av talibanernas organisation 2009 beskrivas med hjälp av en strukturellorganisationsteori? Fråga 2 - Kan den religiösa utbildningen vara en förklaring till dennastruktur på styret?Med hjälp av en strukturell teori om organisationers form och två sociologiska teorier sombehandlar varför människor och grupper handlar som de gör utifrån deras bakgrund ska jagförsöka uppfylla uppsatsens syfte och beskriva hur strukturen på styret av talibanernasorganisation såg ut 2009 och förklara varför den såg ut så.Uppsatsen använder en kvalitativ metod där divisionaliserad organisation, habitus och dendolda läroplanen används som teorier. I den första analysen som svarar på den första frågangörs en fallstudie på ett dokument som beskriver regler och förhållningssätt för talibanernaunder Mullah Omar med hjälp av divisionaliserad organisation. Därefter för att svara påuppsatsens andra fråga analyseras talibanernas habitus utifrån den religiösa utbildningen föratt sedan analyseras med hjälp av Pierre Bourdieus habitusteori och Donald Broadys dendolda läroplanen.Resultatet av analyserna visar att strukturen på styret av talibanernas organisation 2009 tillstor del kan beskrivas med teorin om divisionaliserad organisation och att habitusteorin medstöd av den dolda läroplanen kan ge en förklaring till varför deras styre hade denna struktur2009 utifrån de enskilda individernas religiösa utbildning i södra Afghanistan och Pakistan.Since the attack on The United States of America September 11 2001 numerous reports hasbeen written about the Taleban to provide information to the forces fighting them. Thepurpose of my thesis is to try to illustrate a structure on the rule of the Taliban organisation2009 and explain why they had this structure on their rule based on religious education. Andby this contribute to the current research about the Taliban. To fulfil this purpose I willanswers the following question in the thesis: What structure did the Taliban have on the ruleof their organisation in 2009 and why did the rule have this structure? This main questionwill be answered through two sub questions: Question 1 – Can the structure of the rule of theTaliban organisation 2009 be described by using a structural theory about organisations?Question 2 – Can the religious education be an explanation to this structure of their rule?With the help of one structural theory about organisations and two sociological theory’sthat concerns why people and groups act the way they do based of their background I will tryto fulfil the purpose of the thesis and describe the structure of the rule of the Talibanorganisation 2009 and explain why the rule had this structure.The thesis uses a qualitative method and divisionaliserad organisation, habitus and thehidden curriculum as theories. In the first analyse that answers to the first question I make acase study on a document that describes rules and regulations for the Taliban’s under MullahOmar using Henry Mintzbergs theory of divisionaliserad organisation. Thereafter to answerthe second question I first analyse the Taliban habitus based on their religious education.Then I continue the analysis using Pierre Bourdieus theory of habitus and Donald Broadysthe hidden curriculum.The result of the two analyses shows that the structure of the rule of the Talibanorganisation 2009 can be described fairly well using the theory of divisionaliseradorganisation. It also shows that the theory of habitus with the support of the hiddencurriculum can give an explanation to why their rule had this structure 2009 based on theindividual’s religious education in southern Afghanistan and Pakistan.
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Norfeldt, Henrik, and Jennifer Carlsson. "Komponentavskrivningar : Problematiken för fastighetsbolag." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17881.
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Redovisning är ett ämne under konstant förändring. Som en följd av utvecklingen av internationella redovisningsregler beslutade BFN att det behövdes förändring på det svenska redovisningsområdet. Den 8 juni 2012 fattade BFN beslut om det allmänna rådet (BFNAR 2012:1) om årsredovisning och koncernredovisning med tillhörande vägledning, K3. Reglerna ska tillämpas av onoterade större företag från och med redovisningsår 2014. Regelverket K3 är principbaserat och därmed lämnas det stort utrymme för det professionella omdömet. För företag som kommer tillämpa K3 sker en del stora förändringar. Den kanske största och mest utmanande förändringen är de nya reglerna gällande avskrivningar av materiella anläggningstillgångar då företag måste tillämpa komponentavskrivningar på dessa. För att det ska vara ett krav att särredovisa en komponent måste det enligt K3 finnas väsentlig skillnad i nyttjandeperiod samtidigt som komponenten ska vara betydande. Många fastighetsbolag har ställt sig kritiska till kravet på komponentavskrivning då de ansåg att de ökade kostnader som reglerna medför var högre än den medförda nyttan. Kritik har även riktats mot att det endast utgivits begränsat med vägledning angående hur reglerna ska tolkas.Eftersom K3 är ett nytt regelverk finns det ännu inga studier som visar hur företagen har hanterat problematiken som komponentavskrivningar medför, vilket gör vår studie relevant. Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap gällande hur införandet av komponent-avskrivningar enligt K3 kan hanteras i fastighetsbolag. För att uppfylla syftet och besvara vår problemformulering har vi genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer på åtta fastighetsbolag som påbörjat eller avslutat övergången till komponentavskrivningar. Studiens resultatet kan tänkas användas som ett diskussionsunderlag för bolag som ännu inte har kommit långt i processen med komponentavskrivningar.Vår studie har bidragit med kunskap gällande hur åtta fastighetsbolag har hanterat problematiken vid tillämpning av komponentavskrivningar enligt K3. Studien visar att valda företag inom fastighetsbranschen påverkats av stora aktörer inom organisationsfältet, vilket har medfört att företagen använt sig av liknande information för att tolka reglerna gällande komponentavskrivningar. Trots det här har företagen tolkat reglerna på olika sätt vilket kan förklaras av att reglerna är principbaserade. I studien framgår att det mest problematiska vid övergången till komponentavskrivningar är hur tillkommande utgifter ska behandlas, samt att reglerna har lett till en ökad arbetsbelastning. För att tolka de principbaserade reglerna har samtliga bolag tagit hjälp av fastighetsförvaltarna. Den ökade arbetsbelastningen har till stor del hanterats internt men i vissa fall har externa konsulter anlitats.Program: Civilekonomprogrammet
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Christ, Julia. "Jeu et critique. Objet, méthode et théorie de la société dans la philosophie de Th. W. Adorno." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040014.
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Ce travail réinterroge la philosophie sociale critique d’Adorno à partir des concepts de règle et de jeu. Il a pour objectif d’exposer la théorie de la société d’Adorno et d’en questionner les fondements. Ces fondements, telle est notre thèse, peuvent être conceptualisés dans un langage propre à la sociologie de l’action si on les reformule en termes de « règles », de « suivi des règles » et de « jeu » – concepts qu’Adorno lui-même utilise afin de décrire le social, plus précisément la société capitaliste dans laquelle il vivait. Le fameux tout « non-vrai », qu’est la société selon Adorno, peut ainsi être compris comme un jeu réglé par lui-même, indépendamment de l’intentionnalité des acteurs. Cette reformulation de la philoso-phie sociale d’Adorno nous permet de la faire dialoguer avec d’autres conceptions du social (Weber, Ha-bermas, Descombes, Searle et le structuralisme) et de montrer à quel point l’objet d’Adorno diffère de celui de Weber, de Habermas et de Searle alors qu’il est commensurable à celui du structuralisme. La méthode pour saisir cet objet, à savoir les règles non intentionnelles qui structurent le jeu social, est celle de Freud (interprétation, lecture symptômale). Adorno, toutefois, se distingue du structuralisme et aussi de Freud en ce qu’il pense pouvoir établir un lien entre société capitaliste et le social réglé comme un jeu inaccessible aux acteurs : ce jeu est non seulement l’objet de recherche d’Adorno mais aussi l’objet de sa critique. Notre travail s’emploie à étayer la possibilité de cette critique qui ne vise rien de moins que les conditions de possibilité du vivre en commun telles qu’elles ont été établies par la philosophie sociale structuraliste ainsi que par Freud : des règles à effet inconscient qui font en sorte que tous les acteurs ne réalisent ou ne di-sent pas les mêmes significations font l’objet de la critique adornienne. Critiquer ces règles implique de montrer qu’une critique de l’institution verticale des sujets est possible sans détruire ni poser comme abso-lu la subjectivité elle-même. Cette critique devient envisageable à partir du moment où l’on examine la pratique qui est incluse dans le suivi aveugle de la règle : au sein de cette « fausse » pratique – qu’Adorno appelle la pratique d’identification – se dégage une pratique autre qui met en question la soumission aveugle à la règle. Cette pratique critique est également appelée « jeu ». Notre travail se conclut sur l’exposition de cette pratique et de son potentiel critique au sein du jeu qu’est la société capitalisteThis work reexamines the social critical philosophy of Adorno, starting form the concepts of rule and of game. It aims to expose the social theory of Adorno and to question its foundations. These foundations can be conceptualized in a language specific to the sociology of action if they are rephrased in terms of rules, rule-following and game; concepts which Adorno himself uses to describe the social, spe-cifically the capitalist society in which he lived. The famous all "non-true" which society is according to Adorno, can be understood as a game working in itself, regardless of the intentionality of the actors. This rephrasing of the social philosophy of Adorno allows us to dialogue with the other approaches of the social (Weber, Habermas, Descombes, Searle and the structuralism) and to show how the object of Adorno differs from that of Weber, Habermas and Searle, how it is commensurable with that of structuralism. The Method to seize the object, i.e. the rules that structure the unintentional social game, is the method of Freud (interpretation, symptomatic reading). Adorno, however, differs from structuralism and also from Freud’s conception of the social because he thinks that he can establish a link between capitalist society and the social regulated as a game inaccessible to players: for Adorno this game is not only the object of research but also the object of his criticism. Our work goes on to justify the possibility of such criticism that targets nothing less than the conditions of possibility of common living. What was established by structur-alist social philosophy as well as by Freud is the subject of criticism of Adorno: rules whose effects are unconscious, which ensure that all players do not realize or do not say the same meanings. To criticize these rules implies showing that the critique of vertical instituted subjects is possible without destroying subjec-tivity nor positing it as absolute. This criticism becomes possible from the moment you look at the prac-tice included in the blind following of the rule which is the "wrong" practice - Adorno calls this practice of identification ; the right practice included in practice of identification challenges the blind submission to
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Ingham, Sean. "Instrumental Justifications of Popular Rule." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10445.
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Ordinary citizens are rarely charged with making consequential decisions in representative democracies. Almost all consequential decisions are delegated to elected representatives or political appointees. On what basis should we judge whether decisions should be placed in the hands of ordinary citizens or delegated to political elites? I argue that decision-making authority should be allocated in whatever way an assembly of randomly selected citizens would choose, given reasonable beliefs about the consequences of their possible choices. The standard I defend is a variation of the principal-agent model of political representation, in which the people are viewed as a principal and officeholders as their agents. As it is usually formulated, the objectives of the people are defined by the preferences of the majority. I draw on this formulation in chapter 4 to explain why the majority might rationally prefer to delegate authority to a citizens’ assembly instead of an elected legislature and why they might rationally view citizens’ assemblies with distrust, when they are organized and administered by elites. But the standard formulation of the principal-agent model does not provide a coherent standard when the will of the majority is not well-defined. Several chapters on social choice theory explain this problem and why political theorists’ previous responses to it have been unconvincing. In light of this problem, I argue for a revisionary understanding of the principal-agent model, according to which the people and its will are identified not with the preferences of the majority but rather with the decisions of a citizens’ assembly. To motivate this approach I offer a critique of the recent literature on “epistemic democracy,” which describes an alternative form of justification for empowering ordinary citizens. Appeals to expertise and knowledge have historically figured prominently in justifications of political exclusion and hierarchy, but epistemic democrats put them to use in defending participatory forms of democratic politics. Epistemic democrats claim that decision processes in which inexpert, ordinary citizens participate can exhibit greater “collective wisdom” than elite- or expert-dominated decision-making. Chapters 2 and 3 explain why these arguments sit uncomfortably with the nature of disagreements in politics.Government
Books on the topic "Social Rules Theory"
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Mette, Hjort, ed. Rules and conventions: Literature , philosophy, social theory. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
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Offerman, Theo. Beliefs and decision rules: Theory and experiments. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.
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Onuf, Nicholas Greenwood. World of our making: Rules and rule in social theory and international relations. Columbia, S.C: University of South Carolina Press, 1989.
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Bogen, David. Order without rules: Critical theory and the logic of conversation. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.
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Offerman, Theo. Beliefs and decision rules in public good games: Theory and experiments. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.
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Berz, Peter. Spielregeln: 25 Aufstellungen : eine Festschrift für Wolfgang Pircher. Zürich: Diaphanes, 2012.
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Kaplow, Louis. Moral rules and the moral sentiments: Toward a theory of an optimal moral system. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.
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M, Buchanan James, ed. The reason of rules: Constitutional political economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
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Helena, Flam, and Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences., eds. The shaping of social organization: Social rule system theory with applications. London: Sage Publications, 1987.
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Rules and choice in economics. London: Routledge, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social Rules Theory"
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Kelly, Jerry S. "Social Choice Rules." In Social Choice Theory, 57–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09925-4_7.
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Ford, Jane. "Re-thinking Trade Rules." In A Social Theory of the WTO, 41–67. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403943712_3.
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Gofman, Alexander. "Durkheim’s Theory of Social Solidarity and Social Rules." In The Palgrave Handbook of Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity, 45–69. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137391865_3.
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Katsikopoulos, Konstantinos V. "Decision Theory and Rules of Thumb." In Human-Centric Decision-Making Models for Social Sciences, 75–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39307-5_4.
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Basov, Suren. "Evolution of Preferences, Social Norms, and Decision Rules." In Studies in Economic Theory, 35–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1041-5_3.
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Duarte, David. "Alexy’s Theory of Rules and Principles." In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_380-2.
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Greenberg, Joseph. "Implementing Strong and Lower Strong Positive Association Social Choice Rules by Social Procedures." In Theory and Decision Library, 177–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1370-0_8.
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Shimogawa, Takuhei. "Information Structure and Logical Design of Social Rules." In Computer Aided Systems Theory — EUROCAST 2001, 125–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45654-6_10.
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Alonso, Jose M., David P. Pancho, O. Cordón, A. Quirin, and L. Magdalena. "Social Network Analysis of Co-fired Fuzzy Rules." In Soft Computing: State of the Art Theory and Novel Applications, 113–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34922-5_9.
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Schmid, Michael. "Collective Action and the Selection of Rules. Some Notes on the Evolutionary Paradigm in Social Theory." In Evolutionary Theory in Social Science, 79–100. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4005-5_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Social Rules Theory"
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Zhdanova, Irina. "Organic Theory Of Democracy By I.A. Ilyin: Basic Principles And Rules." In International Scientific Conference «Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism» dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Turkayev Hassan Vakhitovich. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.05.360.
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Allouche, Tahar, Bruno Escoffier, Stefano Moretti, and Meltem Öztürk. "Social Ranking Manipulability for the CP-Majority, Banzhaf and Lexicographic Excellence Solutions." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/3.
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We investigate the issue of manipulability for social ranking rules, where the goal is to rank individuals given the ranking of coalitions formed by them and each individual prefers to reach the highest positions in the social ranking. This problem lies at the intersection of computational social choice and the algorithmic theory of power indices. Different social ranking rules have been recently proposed and studied from an axiomatic point of view. In this paper, we focus on rules representing three classical approaches in social choice theory: the marginal contribution approach, the lexicographic approach and the (ceteris paribus) majority one. We first consider some particular members of these families analysing their resistance to a malicious behaviour of individuals. Then, we analyze the computational complexity of manipulation, and complete our theoretical results with simulations in order to analyse the manipulation frequencies and to assess the effects of manipulations.
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Novaro, Arianna, Umberto Grandi, Dominique Longin, and Emiliano Lorini. "Goal-Based Collective Decisions: Axiomatics and Computational Complexity." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/65.
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We study agents expressing propositional goals over a set of binary issues to reach a collective decision. We adapt properties and rules from the literature on Social Choice Theory to our setting, providing an axiomatic characterisation of a majority rule for goal-based voting. We study the computational complexity of finding the outcome of our rules (i.e., winner determination), showing that it ranges from Nondeterministic Polynomial Time (NP) to Probabilistic Polynomial Time (PP).
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Shahaf, Gal, Ehud Shapiro, and Nimrod Talmon. "Sybil-Resilient Reality-Aware Social Choice." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/81.
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Sybil attacks, in which fake or duplicate identities (a.k.a., Sybils) infiltrate an online community, pose a serious threat to such communities, as they might tilt community-wide decisions in their favor. While the extensive research on sybil identification may help keep the fraction of sybils in such communities low, it cannot however ensure their complete eradication. Thus, our goal here is to enhance social choice theory with effective group decision mechanisms for communities with bounded sybil penetration. Inspired by Reality-Aware Social Choice, we use the status quo as the anchor of Sybil Resilience, characterized by Sybil Safety -- the inability of sybils to change the status quo against the will of the genuine agents, and Sybil Liveness -- the ability of the genuine agents to change the status quo against the will of the sybils. We consider the social choice settings of deciding on a single proposal, on multiple proposals, and on updating a parameter. For each, we present social choice rules that are sybil-safe and, under certain conditions, satisfy sybil-liveness.
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Liu, Miao, and Hongzhao Qi. "Product Design for Children's Life Education from the Perspective of Social Control Theory." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001739.
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Childhood is the beginning of life, and education during this period is crucial to a person's growth. Life education is an important part of the basic education system, and life education for children is conducive to establishing the correct values of life from an early age, learning to respect and care for their own lives and the lives of others. Life education has always been the weakness of the Chinese education system, and the lack of awareness of life education among children from an early age has led to many tragedies. Life education in China is still in the exploratory stage, and the research and development of life education products for children is still insufficient, so it is of great social value to study how to design better life education products.This paper studies the product design of children's life education from the perspective of the Social Control Theory, which is a long-established criminological theory that studies how to comply with social rules and prevent impermissible behavior. The Social Bond Theory in Social Control Theory holds that the four key elements of "attachment", "commitment", "involvement" and "belief", also known as social bonds, help people reduce their criminal tendencies. Social Control Theory has been widely used in the study of juvenile delinquency, but few researchers currently apply it to the field of children’s life education, so it is a novel perspective and method to apply Social Control Theory to children's life education design research. It brings forward social control from crime prevention to promoting children's education, this is relevant and reasonable.This paper first uses the interdisciplinary research method, integrates the multidisciplinary knowledge of sociology and psychology to study and summarize the Social Control Theory, and combines Piaget's cognitive development theory and other educational theories to study children's life education, summarizes the connection between social control and children's life education, and constructs the basic framework of life education system from the perspective of social control. In this paper, we used python crawler to collect data about children's life education products and summarize the current situation of children's life education product design. The questionnaire method was used to obtain the data of approval degree of parents of kindergarten children for children's life education and in the investigation of the attributes of children's life education products they value. Design suggestions for children's life education products are provided from the perspective of the four aspects of the social bond of social control theory: attachment, commitment, involvement and belief.This paper summarizes the connection between Social Control Theory and children's life education. From the perspective of social control, the continued development of life education deficiency is deviance and crime, and the purpose of children's life education is firstly to guide children to learn to comply with norms and to create values, and secondly to develop self-control from an early age and learn to cope with emotional changes. Social Control Theory provides a new perspective for the design of children's life education products, that is, from the four social bonds of "attachment", "commitment", "involvement" and "belief", make children cultivate good cultural values and positive personality, enhance their social participation and self-efficacy. Social Control Theory can help society, families and schools provide better life education for children, and help children learn about life more effectively, establish correct life values and have a better life.
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Rey, Simon, Ulle Endriss, and Ronald de Haan. "Shortlisting Rules and Incentives in an End-to-End Model for Participatory Budgeting." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/52.
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We introduce an end-to-end model for participatory budgeting grounded in social choice theory. Our model accounts for the interplay between the two stages commonly encountered in real-life partici- patory budgeting. In the first stage participants pro- pose projects to be shortlisted, while in the second stage they vote on which of the shortlisted projects should be funded. Prior work of a formal nature has focused on analysing the second stage only. We in- troduce several shortlisting rules for the first stage and analyse them in both normative and algorith- mic terms. Our main focus is on the incentives of participants to engage in strategic behaviour during the first stage, in which they need to reason about how their proposals will impact the range of strate- gies available to everyone in the second stage.
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Berens, Florian. "Statistics beliefs of advanced social science students – a qualitative evaluation of focus groups." In Decision Making Based on Data. International Association for Statistical Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.19402.
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Unlike mathematics education, statistics education has given little attention to students’ beliefs. In comparison it is possible that statistics may open up another domain-specific horizon of possible beliefs. However, there is no explicit theory about beliefs on statistics. In order to gain insight into students' beliefs about statistics, focus groups of advanced social science students were conducted. The focus groups were analyzed by content analysis and then partly by hermeneutics in order to identify types of beliefs. As a result well-known belief systems from mathematics can also be found in statistics. There are students who view statistics as a system of terms and rules, and there are also students who understand statistics dynamically. The last group can be subdivided into those that extract information out of data and those that want to check theory using data. A fourth group sees statistics as a form of systematic description of reality.
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Xu, Chen. "Secondary Rules, the Internal Point of View and the Foundations of a Legal System: a Re-understanding to H. L. A. Hartrs Theory of Legal System." In 2018 International Conference on Management, Economics, Education and Social Sciences (MEESS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meess-18.2018.22.
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Anđelković, Maja, Marjan Marjanović, and Michail Pappas. "Organizational Socialization as Part of Knowledge Management." In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.1.
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Socialization is a process during which we learn and adopt knowledge about rules and norms of our culture and through which we are enabled to collaborate with other social subjects. Individuals are socialized into an organization or a group by the method that is in its foundation the same as the method of socialization into society. As an individual becomes employed by an organization he becomes a part of that same organization, helps in the organization achieve its objectives, but also becomes a part of the community consisting of all the employees and executives, and this is where the theory of organizational socialization derives from. Organizational socialization is a responsibility of the management. Managers have the assignment to present new members of their organization with optimal information about rules and regulations, so they are able to fit into their organization in a most efficient way. This means that the manager is the main authoritative and creative body in creation and implementation of a successful organizational socialization tactics, because successful socialization of new employees means rise in productivity, and that rise in productivity should be the end objective of every successful manager.
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Azarova, Natalia, and M. Opara. "PROSPECTS OF MENTORING AS A FORM OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE TIMBER INDUSTRY." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_396-402.
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The article deals with the problems associated with personnel problems in the timber industry complex. Efficient companies in the timber industry complex consider mentoring as a form of improving the quality of human capital. This tendency is especially evident in those regions where timber companies play a dominant role. The aim of mentoring is to train a specialist who meets the requirements for his/her quality and competence on the part of enterprises, organizations of the region and the Russian Federation. It is impossible to train a modern specialist in isolation from real production conditions – professional practice. That is why the authors defined the mission of mentors in a modern organization, identified the stages of training under the guidance of a mentor in the enterprises of timber industry complex. The authors proposed options for staff development. Learning of the system, directions of mentoring, assistance, assistance in getting the job tempo and rhythm, mastering of job tasks and duties, acquiring of practical knowledge and skills, social-psychological adaptation in a team, adaptation to corporate culture, learning of traditions and rules of conduct in the enterprise – all these are the main aims of mentoring organization as a source of quality human capital improvement in timber industry enterprises. Thus, a mentor not only explains production technology and introduces equipment, but also helps a newcomer to join the team, get acquainted with masters and managers and the company’s culture.
Reports on the topic "Social Rules Theory"
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Gustman, Alan, and Thomas Steinmeier. Changing the Social Security Rules for Workers over 65: Proposed Policies and Their Effects. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3087.
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Amaza, Paul, Sunday Mailumo, and Asenath Silong. The Political Economy of the Maize Value Chain in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.015.
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The aim of this case study is to understand the underlying political economy dynamics of the maize value chain in Nigeria, with a focus on how this can contribute to comprehending the drivers and constraints of agricultural commercialisation. The study is informed by theories of political settlements, rents, and policy processes. It asks questions around (1) the key actors and interests: who participates and how do they benefit? (2) Rules and policies: who makes the rules, and who wins and loses? And (3), what are the implications across different social groups?
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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Халік, Олена Олександрівна. Особливості образів батьківської та майбутньої сімейної системи у сучасних студентів жіночої статі та їх взаємозв’язок з рівнем перфекціонізму. Гнозис, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3791.
Full textAbstract:
У статті аналізуються особливості образів батьківської та майбутньої сімейних систем у сучасних студентів жіночої статі, визначаються збалансованість та незбалансованість вказаних родин. З’ясовано, що третина образів майбутньої родини є незбалансованими, з домінуванням заплутано-хаотичного типу. Встановлено зв’язок перфекціонізму спрямованого на інших та соціально обумовленого перфекціонізму з окремими показниками образу майбутньої сім’ї. This article deals with the analyze of the female students’ perceptions of their parental family and their own future family systems. Author determines the balanced and extreme families. It was found that a third of all perceptions of the future family are extreme, with the dominance of chaotically engaged type. It is proved that there are significant differences between the perceptions of the parental family and their own future family. It was found that the most of the female students choose a model of mid-range family, like their parental families are. There is the statistically significant positive correlation between the index of socially prescribed perfectionism conformism and emotional bonding, emotional ties, family boundaries, decision making and family time. There is a significant negative correlation between other-oriented perfectionism, family flexibility, and discipline in the family and relationship rules.
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Carrión-Tavárez, Ángel, Luz N. Fernández-López, and Juan Lara. Free Market in Puerto Rico 2022. Institute for Economic Liberty, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13584005.
Full textAbstract:
The general objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of the main principles of economic liberty and free market, and the affinity with them in Puerto Rico. A questionnaire was constructed and administered that included the dimensions “current situation,” “economic liberty,” “free market,” “individual liberty,” “rule of law,” “property rights,” “limited government,” “challenges of free market,” “moral agency,” “social welfare,” and “meritocracy.” In addition, a ranking of a series of principles of economic liberty and free market was created, according to their importance to participants and the functioning of those principles in Puerto Rico.
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Berlinski, Samuel. Helping Struggling Students and Benefiting All: Peer Effects in Primary Education. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004268.
Full textAbstract:
We exploit the randomized evaluation of a remedying education intervention that improved the reading skills of low-performing third grade students in Colombia, to study whether providing educational support to low-achieving students affects the academic performance of their higher-achieving classmates. We find that the test scores of non-treated children in treatment schools increased by 0.108 of a standard deviation compared to similar children in control schools. We interpret the reduced-form effect on higher-achieving students as a spillover effect within treated schools. We then estimate a linear-in-means model of peer effects, finding that a one-standard-deviation increase in peers' contemporaneous achievement increases individual test scores by 0.679 of a standard deviation. We rule out alternative explanations coming from a reduction in class size. We explore several mechanisms, including teachers' effort, students' misbehavior, and peer-to-peer interactions. Our findings show that policies aimed at improving the bottom of the achievement distribution have the potential to generate social-multiplier effects that benefit all.
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Böhm, Franziska, Ingrid Jerve Ramsøy, and Brigitte Suter. Norms and Values in Refugee Resettlement: A Literature Review of Resettlement to the EU. Malmö University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771776.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of the refugee reception crisis in 2015 the advocacy for increasing resettlement numbers in the overall refugee protection framework has gained momentum, as has research on resettlement to the EU. While the UNHCR purports resettlement as a durable solution for the international protection of refugees, resettlement programmes to the European Union are seen as a pillar of the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies and management. This paper presents and discusses the literature regarding the value transmissions taking place within these programmes. It reviews literature on the European resettlement process – ranging from the selection of refugees to be resettled, the information and training they receive prior to travelling to their new country of residence, their reception upon arrival, their placement and dispersal in the receiving state, as well as programs of private and community sponsorship. The literature shows that even if resettlement can be considered an external dimension of European migration policy, this process does not end at the border. Rather, resettlement entails particular forms of reception, placement and dispersal as well as integration practices that refugees are confronted with once they arrive in their resettlement country. These practices should thus be understood in the context of the resettlement regime as a whole. In this paper we map out where and how values (here understood as ideas about how something should be) and norms (expectations or rules that are socially enforced) are transmitted within this regime. ‘Value transmission’ is here understood in a broad sense, taking into account the values that are directly transmitted through information and education programmes, as well as those informing practices and actors’ decisions. Identifying how norms and values figure in the resettlement regime aid us in further understanding decision making processes, policy making, and the on-the-ground work of practitioners that influence refugees’ lives. An important finding in this literature review is that vulnerability is a central notion in international refugee protection, and even more so in resettlement. Ideas and practices regarding vulnerability are, throughout the resettlement regime, in continuous tension with those of security, integration, and of refugees’ own agency. The literature review and our discussion serve as a point of departure for developing further investigations into the external dimension of value transmission, which in turn can add insights into the role of norms and values in the making and un-making of (external) boundaries/borders.
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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.
Full textAbstract:
Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/5jchdy.
Full textAbstract:
Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0001.
Full textAbstract:
Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.