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1
Ковалюмнус, Е. Л., and E. L. Kovalyumnus. "Правовий механізм захисту трудових та соціальних прав суддів в Україні." Thesis, КНУ ім. Т. Г. Шевченка, 2021. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/15694.
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Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню правового механізму захисту трудових та соціальних прав суддів в Україні. У роботі розкривається поняття та зміст трудових і соціальних прав суддів, а також сутність, соціально-правове значення та структура правового механізму захисту цих прав суддів. У рамках розкриття змісту досліджуваного правового механізму особлива увага приділяється нормативній основі цього механізму, системі суб’єктів захисту прав суддів, а також формам (враховуючи способи і засоби) і методам захисту правового механізму захисту трудових та соціальних прав суддів. Узагальнено основні актуальні проблеми захисту трудових і соціальних прав суддів в Україні, а також сформульовано конкретні пропозиції й рекомендації щодо удосконалення правового регулювання захисту трудових і соціальних прав суддів, зокрема: ратифікація Конвенції Міжнародної організації праці № 151 1978 року та прийняття Закону України «Про захист права на організацію державних службовців», що передбачатиме внесення змін до законодавства про поширення на суддів права на створення профспілки, вступу до неї та виходу з неї; внесення змін до Закону України «Про судоустрій і статус суддів» у частині окреслення переліку трудових і соціальних прав суддів, особливостей, форм і суб’єктів захисту цих прав. В диссертации впервые комплексно раскрыта сущность правового механизма защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей в Украине, а также проблематика его функционирования, в результате чего сформулированы конкретные предложения по его оптимизации, которые предложено учесть в рамках предстоящей судебно-правовой реформы. Обосновывается, что правовой механизм защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей в Украине представляет собой нормативно определённый, основанный на идее социального государства целостный юридический конструкт, охватывающий правовые средства и способы, посредством которых прямо или косвенно реализовывается защитная функция государства относительно защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей. В соответствующем контексте указывается, что данный механизм имеет особое социально-правовое значение, формируя условия надлежащего обеспечения социальной безопасности судей и в обществе в целом, а также способствуя развитию государства в качестве правового и демократического, делая возможной реализацию евроинтеграционных стремлений Украины.
Доказывается, что исследуемый правовой механизм своей структурой охватывает: нормы национального законодательства и международно-правовых актов по защите трудовых и социальных прав человека в целом и судей в частности; общеправовые и специальные правовые принципы защиты прав судей; субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей, условно разделённых на соответствующих субъектов международного и национального уровня; формы и методы защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей. При этом обращается внимание на то, что структуру системы субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей можно условно разделить на такие две группы: субъекты международно-правового уровня защиты (международный судебный орган, международные неправительственные организации, осуществляющие защиту трудовых и социальных прав судей); субъекты национального правового уровня защиты (административные суды, органы судейского самоуправления, органы судейского управления, ассоциации судей). На основе критического анализа правозащитного потенциала соответствующих субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей, особенностей форм (способов и средств) защиты утверждается, что наиболее эффективным образом судья может защитить права в судебном порядке, который непосредственно зависит от уровня обеспечения государством достойного труда и социальной безопасности судей.
Обосновывается позиция, в соответствии с которой на сегодняшний день основными проблемами защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей являются следующие: общее снижение уровня социальной безопасности в государстве; десоциализация сферы труда профессиональных публичных служащих в целом и судей в частности; недостаточное качество правового регулирования функционирования правового механизма защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей; недостаточная эффективность защитного влияния субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей; частое осуществление в Украине судебно-правовых реформ, не учитывающих потребностей комплексной оптимизации защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей. Для решения вышеизложенных проблем предложено: создать и утвердить концепцию по совершенствованию правового механизма защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей, которая должна быть учтена при проведении очередной судебно-правовой реформы в Украине; привести национальное законодательство в соответствие с международно-правовыми актами, касающимися защиты трудовых и социальных прав работников, в частности госслужащих; принять Закон Украины «О внесении изменений в Закон Украины «О судоустройстве и статусе судей» относительно защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей»; устранить институциональные барьеры, препятствующие эффективной защите трудовых и социальных прав судей в Украине; усилить правозащитные возможности отдельных субъектов защиты трудовых и социальных прав судей, а именно Совета судей Украины и ассоциаций судей.
The dissertation is devoted to the research of the legal mechanism of protection of labor and social rights of judges in Ukraine. The paper reveals the concept and content of labor and social rights of judges, as well as the essence, socio-legal significance and structure of the legal mechanism for the protection of these rights of judges. As part of the disclosure of the content of the studied legal mechanism, special attention is paid to the normative basis of this mechanism, the system of subjects of protection of judges' rights, as well as forms (including methods) and methods of protection of legal mechanism of labor and social rights of judges. The main current issues of protection of labor and social rights of judges in Ukraine are summarized, as well as specific proposals and recommendations for improving the legal regulation of protection of labor and social rights of judges, in particular: ratification of the ILO Convention 1978 151 and development and adoption of the draft Law " On protection of the right to organize civil servants ”, which will provide for amendments to the legislation on extending to judges the right to form, join and leave a trade union; amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges" in terms of outlining the list of labor and social rights of judges, features, forms and subjects of protection of these rights.
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Cordeiro, Paulo Machado. "A responsabilidade social dos juízes e a aplicação dos direitos fundamentais." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2006. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/745.
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ABSTRACT
Judges carry out important public duties which affect the different social layer in the
Brazilian society, They intervene and take part in all social, economical, political,
consumption and family activities and, therefore, are expected to control the jurisdictional
activities activities in such society.
The great responsibility imposed on judges as a result of their activity becomes evident.
Also, their activity raises high hopes due to the instabilities, deadlocks of the present
historical period. Judges are called to find solutions for the increasing number of political
conflicts being transferred to the judicial arena.
Despite their greater responsibility, there is very little on doctrines to define, guide and
support the decisions that must be taken based on the social responsibilities of judges or
adequate scientific perspectives and clear of the aims to be achieved.
The focus of the present study highlights the judges' commitment to democracy and to the
fundamental rights. It includes a set of principles and norms that presently provide
support for magistrates. The study suggests that actions must be grounded on principles
acceptable by the civil society.
The present study is justified by the necessity to offer the scientific community research
on the social responsibility of judges, based on a scientific perspective adequate for dealing
with different sorts of social issues in their entirety.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Os juízes desempenham fundamental função pública influenciando decisivamente todos os estratos da sociedade brasileira, intervindo e participando decisivamente das atividades sociais, econômicas, políticas, familiares, de consumo, dentre outras, resultando, então, na contrapartida, em uma exigência e expectativa de controle da sociedade na atividade jurisdicional. É evidente a imposição de maiores responsabilidades a atividade dos juízes, em face das características da atividade, bem como pelas esperanças colocadas na função e tendo por parâmetro este período da história fortemente marcado por instabilidades, impasses e desigualdades, sendo a magistratura instada a solucionar conflitos, cada vez mais graves, em face da gravidade dos impasses e pela cada vez maior transferência dos conflitos políticos para a arena judicial. Apesar da importância da atribuição de uma maior responsabilização dos juízes por seus atos, a doutrina é mínima a respeito do tema, desconsiderando relevantes questões que indiquem o caminho a ser percorrido na procura por uma responsabilização social dos juízes com uma perspectiva científica e que implique em fundamentação escorreita para alcançar os objetivos perseguidos. O núcleo teórico do trabalho realça o comprometimento dos juízes com a democracia e com os direitos fundamentais, conjuntos de preceitos, princípios e normas que compõem a base essencial de vinculação dos magistrados em nossa era contemporânea. Alvitra a obrigação de fundamentação das decisões em que estas estão vinculadas a uma aceitação pela sociedade civil. A necessidade de se pensar e oferecer à comunidade científica um trabalho sobre a responsabilização social dos juízes com uma perspectiva científica e que tenha condições de trazer à baila das discussões este tema de alta relevância justifica a apresentação do tema em toda a sua plenitude.
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Fontes, Wagner Tenório. "O direito fundamental à educação contingenciado pela cláusula da reserva do possível na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal após 1988." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=559.
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O povo brasileiro, em sua larga maioria, não tem iguais oportunidades (igualdade material), exatamente porque não tem como usufruir de um processo educativo que
viabilize seu pleno desenvolvimento enquanto pessoa, que o prepare para o exercício da cidadania e que o qualifique para o trabalho, tudo em ordem a torná-lo, não mero
passageiro, mas condutor de sua vida. Como, então, inserir, de modo sustentável, o (Dever)-(Poder) Judiciário no processo de efetivação da política pública de Estado (e
não meramente de Governo!) direcionada para a educação, tal como assimilada pelo texto constitucional, tendo em vista a omissão dos dois outros Deveres-Poderes, redimensionando - com razoabilidade, proporcionalidade e no limite - a exceção da Reserva do Possível? Segundo conhecido forismo, antes de pensar a reforma, é preciso reformar o pensamento. Por isso, o trabalho se propõe a investigar a efetivação
do direito fundamental à educação pela via da decisão judicial, enfrentando o obstáculo da chamada cláusula da reserva do possível. A idéia central é traçar um diagnóstico da
posição do Supremo Tribunal Federal por meio de uma pesquisa empírica que consiga catalogar, por amostragem, decisões envolvendo o direito à educação e a reserva do
possível julgadas na Corte após 1988. Com isso, a dissertação busca inicialmente trabalhar o significado atual do direito fundamental prestacional à educação, bem como
o que é a reserva do possível aos olhos do Supremo Tribunal Federal e, posteriormente, verificar se o discurso da reserva do possível é utilizado nos seus acórdãos de forma
coerente pela própria Corte ou se é utilizado de maneira casuística, sem parâmetros de controle da decisão judicial. Outrossim, procura-se investigar se o exercício da
jurisdição que encerra o direito prestacional se dá predominantemente pelo método difuso ou pelo método concentrado, bem como quem mais aciona a Suprema Corte em face de tal matéria. A dissertação também objetiva trazer para o debate a idéia de que, sendo a cidadania uma cláusula pétrea, não pode nem deve ficar à mercê de omissão ou
inércia de qualquer dos Deveres-Poderes, até porque omissões assim violam, por via oblíqua, o art. 60, 4, da Constituição Federal. Ora, cláusulas pétreas apenas são
modificáveis e/ou suprimíveis por atuação do dever-poder constituinte originário. Desse modo, havendo, por inércia do Dever-Poder inadimplente, uma supressão de fato, seja
ela parcial ou total, de direito fundamental, surge, em contraponto, a necessidade de uma resposta institucional hábil à defesa da ordem pública, aqui entendida como o
regular funcionamento dos deveres-poderes, e, porque não dizer, do próprio Estado, ostentando o Judiciário a qualificação suficiente para dar essa resposta, com destaque
para o Supremo Tribunal Federal, que tem por missão precípua a guarda da Lex MaterSem Abstract
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Amit, Roni. "Judges without borders : international human rights law in domestic courts /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10732.
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Verde, Rui Alexandre de Almeida dos Santos. "The harmonious constitution : judges and the protection of liberty." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323452.
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MacKay, Donald Bruce. "Ethnicity and Israelite religion, the anthropology of social boundaries in judges." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27686.pdf.
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Fabre, Cecile. "Constitutional social rights." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339816.
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Dudas, Jeffrey R. "Rights, resentment, and social change : treaty rights in contemporary America /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10719.
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Friedman, Nicholas. "Judges, social rules and the Constitution : an empirical inquiry into the foundations of South African law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e2fd7b6e-6667-4d22-a0af-f9e90a95ac5b.
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This thesis examines whether HLA Hart's theory of the nature of law has explanatory power for the South African legal system. The thesis discusses and elaborates on the empirical conditions necessary for the existence of the master rule of recognition that Hart posits as the foundation of every legal system properly so-called, and addresses certain difficulties associated with attempts to apply Hart's theory to the concrete facts of any particular legal system. Drawing on a series of in-depth interviews with 12 past and present Justices of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the thesis then explores whether the existence conditions for a Hartian rule of recognition can be observed in the practices and attitudes of the Justices, insofar as these relate to their judicial decision-making processes. The thesis concludes that many such existence conditions are absent from the Justices' practices and attitudes: (i) the Justices do not appear to converge in their ultimate criteria of legal validity; (ii) the Justices do not perceive a common standard of judicial decision-making amongst their colleagues, but rather see fundamental differences; (iii) at least partly on account of their strong sense of judicial independence, the Justices are unconcerned with the kind of official criticism that is essential to motivate conformity to a Hartian rule of recognition; and (iv) the Justices celebrate, rather than condemn, decision-making processes that depart from their own. The thesis concludes that these findings provide strong prima facie evidence that Hart's theory lacks explanatory power for the South African legal system. It also reflects on the implications of its findings for Hart's theory more generally, and for the project of analytic legal philosophy as it is now conceived by its most prominent advocates.
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Hursh, John. "Women's rights and women's land rights in postcolonial Tunisia and Morocco: legal institutions, women's rights discourse, and the need for continued reform." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123322.
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This paper explores women's rights and women's land rights in postcolonial Tunisia and Morocco by examining the legal institutions and social discourse that shape these rights. Tunisia and Morocco share key similarities as well as important differences, and studying women's rights and women's land rights provides a rewarding comparison of how two postcolonial states address these contested issues. Understanding land rights requires an understanding of the institutions that govern and administer land. Accordingly, this paper investigates key land and property arrangements from the colonial and postcolonial eras in these two states. Likewise, understanding women's rights requires an understanding of the social and cultural considerations of women's status in Islamic society, as well as the women's rights movements and women's rights discourse that emerged in Tunisia and Morocco.This paper contains five parts. Part I explores the relationship between extractive institutions, development narratives, and the legal system in colonial and postcolonial states. Part II investigates land rights within colonial and postcolonial Tunisia and Morocco, as well as the institutions that govern and administer land in these two states. Parts III and IV examine the legal construction of gender in postcolonial Tunisia and Morocco. These parts also detail the emergence of strong women's rights movements and women's rights discourse in both states. Part V concludes by discussing the importance of women's land rights and the challenges and opportunities for securing strong women's land rights in Tunisia and Morocco.Ce document explore les droits des femmes et les droits fonciers des femmes en post-coloniale en Tunisie et au Maroc en examinant les institutions juridiques et discours social qui façonnent ces droits. Tunisie et le Maroc partagent des similitudes clés ainsi que des différences importantes, et d'étudier les droits des femmes et les droits fonciers des femmes fournit une comparaison enrichissante de la façon dont deux états postcoloniaux répondre à ces questions litigieuses. Comprendre les droits fonciers nécessite une compréhension des institutions qui gouvernent et administrent la terre. En conséquence, le présent document examine fonciers et immobiliers dispositions clés des époques coloniale et postcoloniale dans ces deux états. De même, la compréhension des droits de la femme exige une compréhension des considérations sociales et culturelles de la situation des femmes dans la société islamique, ainsi que les mouvements des droits des femmes et les droits du discours de femmes qui a émergé en Tunisie et au Maroc.Ce document contient cinq parties. Partie I étudie la relation entre les institutions extractives, les récits de développement, et le système judiciaire dans les états coloniaux et postcoloniaux. Partie II examine les droits fonciers dans la coloniale et postcoloniale Tunisie et le Maroc, ainsi que les institutions qui gouvernent et administrent les terres dans ces deux états. Les parties III et IV examinent la construction juridique de l'égalité dans postcoloniale Tunisie et le Maroc. Ces pièces détaillera également l'émergence de puissants mouvements de défense des droits des femmes et des discours sur les droits des femmes dans les deux états. Partie V conclut en discutant de l'importance des droits fonciers des femmes et les défis et opportunités pour la sécurisation des droits fonciers solides des femmes en Tunisie et au Maroc.
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Berglund, Emma. "Rights, Inclusion and Free Movement : Social Rights and Citizenship in the European Union." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131864.
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The free movement of persons in the EU has been fraught with tension since the Eastern enlargements. This culminated in 2016 when the UK demanded the possibility to limit rights and benefits to intra-EU migrants, making for a fresh investigation into the state of the free movement. From a constructivist perspective of rights and citizenship this in-depth case study aims to elucidate how EU actors describe the free movement of persons. It will further look at how they situate limitations and obstacles and analyze what this reflects in terms of underlying logics and rationales of rights and citizenship in the EU free movement regime. The interviews with EU actors reveal how distinctions of politically constructed categories of migrants which define Insiders and Outsiders are used to rationalize who has the right to social rights. Inclusion is defined in terms of market liberalism and individual responsibility, logics which thus also define the Insiders of Europe. This produces an image of the EU citizen and indirectly defines those who diverge from this image as Outsiders, including “lesser” Europeans. The underlying logics within the EU could therefore contribute to negative perceptions of those who cannot meet the requirements of the ideal European.
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Gillian, MacNaughton. "Equality rights, social spending and human development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.567727.
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Equality rights have the potential to play an important role in realizing social rights, as well as in preventing and eliminating poverty. All governments have undertaken legal obligations - both international and domestic - to protect and promote the rights to equality and nondiscrimination. Yet, our societies are generally characterized by growing economic and social inequalities that adversely impact on many dimensions of people's lives, including health, life expectancy, personal security and political participation, implicating a myriad of human rights. This thesis examines the relationship between equality and social rights in the International Bill of Human Rights. It argues that minimum threshold approaches that focus on basic capabilities or core obligations are insufficient to fully realize social rights and eliminate multi-dimensional poverty. Because inequality prevents full enjoyment of social rights, as well as other human rights, invoking equality rights is a logical step toward realizing these rights. Considerable scholarship and jurisprudence addresses status-based inequalities, however, it generally fails to address economic status. Moreover, there is little discussion of the right-based equality in the context of social rights. Drawing on the drafting history and the language of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the two International Covenants, as well as the work of the United Nations human rights bodies, scholarly commentary and domestic law, the thesis proposes that the International Bill of Human Rights should be reinterpreted to encompass the right to nondiscrimination on the basis of economic status as well as the right to social equality. Examining specific examples of unequal health care and education systems, it argues that both status-based and rights- based equality are necessary complements to social rights in the holistic framework of the International Bill of Human Rights guaranteed under article 28 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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FRANCO, LARA MOURA. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL RIGHTS IN BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4736@1.
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Trata-se de dissertação na qual se procura analisar
criticamente a efetividade dos direitos sociais no Brasil,
sob o duplo aspecto, jurídicoobjetivo, com ênfase às
prestações, e os meios jurídicos colocados à disposição
pela Constituição de 1988 para cumprimento dos deveres
estatais nela consignados. O estudo se desenvolve a partir
da trajetória dos direitos fundamentais nos modelos
constitucionais que permearam o Estado liberal e o Estado
social, passando pela análise de alguns conceitos-chave
relacionados ao tema escolhido da estrutura e entraves à
plena efetividade dos direitos sociais, culminando por
fazer em exame da conjuntura atual do modelo de direito
social, em termos de efetividade, no Brasil e nos sistemas
global e regionais de proteção dos direitos humanos.This work intends to analyse the effectiveness of social rights in Brazil, under both points of view, the juridical- objective and the juridicalsubjective ones, emphasizing, about the last one, the existence of a subjective right and the juridical means set forth by the 1988 Constitution to accomplish the duties of State which this constitution comprehends. The study starts at the trajectory of fundamental rights in the constitutional models of the liberal State and the Social State, moving on the analysis of some key concepts related to the chosen subject and of the structure and difficulties to the real effectiveness of social rights, and ending with an exam of the current scenario of social rights model, in terms of effectiveness, in Brazil and in global and in regional systems of protection of human rights.
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Eristavi, Konstantine. "Towards a radical conception of social rights." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22932.
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This thesis intends to demonstrate the radical potential of rights. I argue that rights are capable, on the one hand, of challenging capitalist social relations and the liberal legal order which sustains those relations, and, on the other hand, of constituting a new political system. I argue that without reconceptualising rights in this manner, we are unable to comprehend certain social movements which employ the language of rights for challenging the existing systems and for articulating transformative visions of a new world. This thesis suggests that we need to rethink rights as political alliances and agreements and rights-claims as political proposals between co-citizens. Here, the content of rights is formulated through a political action of the rights-holders themselves, as opposed to being derived from the pre-political sphere. Furthermore, I argue that our understanding of the scope of these political proposals and, hence, our understanding of the nature of the new order that rights can potentially constitute, depends on the way we conceptualise the conflictual dimension of rights-claims. It is the notion of a rights-claim as a challenge to the constituted order, as opposed to a petition to be included within that order, which captures how rights inaugurate a radical discursive space where potentially transformative political proposals regarding the matters of collective life can be made. Throughout this thesis I refer to a transnational movement of peasants, La Via Campesina, which fights for a new socio-political arrangement where ‘feeding the world’ is the end in itself rather than a dictate of the capitalist market. Crucially, this movement makes extensive use of the language of rights and of ‘the right to food’ in particular. I argue that it is only the radical theory of social rights constructed in this thesis that allows us to analyse the transformative core of the movements like this one.
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Swanson, Alan D. "International human rights law and development : a human rights way to development." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341236.
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Morreira, Shannon. "Transnational human rights and local moralities : the circulation of rights discourses in Zimbabwe and South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11332.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
In this multi-sited ethnographic study, based upon anthropological fieldwork conducted in Harare, Zimbabwe and Musina and Cape Town, South Africa in 2010 and 2011, I use the contemporary political and economic context of Zimbabwe, and the resultant movement of Zimbabweans to South Africa, as a case study through which to explore the ways in which the global framework of human rights is locally interpreted, constituted and contested.
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Tooze, Jennifer A. "Identification and enforcement of social security and social assistance guarantees under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246933.
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Williams, Randy. "Alberta Social Studies textbooks and human rights education." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60403.pdf.
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Laidlaw, Emily. "Internet gatekeepers, human rights and corporate social responsibilities." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/317/.
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Access to the Internet and participation in discourse through the medium of the Internet have become integral parts of our democratic life. Facilitation of this democratic potential critically relies on a governance structure supportive of the right to freedom of expression. In western democracies, governance is largely the preserve of the private sphere. This is because of two reasons. First, the communication technologies that enable or disable participation in discourse online are privately-owned. In order to find information, we use search engines. In order to sort through the clutter, we use portals. In order to access the Internet, we need to use Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Thus we inevitably rely on these companies to participate in discourse online and they thereby become gatekeepers to our digital democratic experience. Second, governance of such technologies has been largely left to companies to address through corporate social responsibility (CSR) frameworks such as in-house codes of conduct found in Terms of Service, through the work of bodies such as the Internet Watch Foundation (IWF), and industry initiatives such as the Global Network Initiative (GNI). The state has stayed out of it, rigidly retaining the focal point of free speech laws on government. This has fractured the administrative structure of free speech between free speech as a legal concept and as an experienced concept. It is in this fissure that CSR has grown and taken shape. This thesis argues that the CSR frameworks that currently govern the activities of these information gatekeepers are insufficient to provide the standards and compliance mechanisms needed to protect and respect freedom of expression online. Equally, topdown legal controls are too blunt a tool for this tricky arena. What is needed is a framework that embraces the legal and extra-legal dimensions of this dilemma. To that end a new corporate governance model is proposed to help mend the deficiencies identified in the case studies and move forward with a democratic vision for the Internet.
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Johnsone, Amy. "Activating empathy : the social lives of rights images." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2014. http://research.gold.ac.uk/10619/.
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This dissertation addresses the increasingly important role visual media plays in the construction of human rights discourse in an attempt to denaturalise the idea of human rights in its western democratic context. This is a shift from other anthropological approaches which have focused on rights in ‘other’ contexts at the expense of naturalising and disguising the constructed nature of human rights in western democratic contexts. To research this I have followed selected images from campaign work of a major human rights organisation through their production, distribution and reception. I base my research on interviews with informants and participant observation as a volunteer with Amnesty UK and as a member of three local Amnesty groups. In doing so I develop an account of images that focusses on their place in social relations, rather than a textual analysis of their representational qualities. An approach that is increasingly prevalent in anthropological accounts of images, but that I believe to be unique as an approach to rights images. I put forward the argument over ten chapters that pictures are used by activists to facilitate a process of imaginative identification with distant others that staff at AIUK call 'empathy'. I examine this process of imaginative relating from both the point of view of staff, and of those publics that encounter images to argue that images mediate imaginative relations in ways that suggest a rethink of both 'empathy' as a concept, and human rights as a practice. In doing this I hope to develop understandings of human rights and visual media, and also rethink anthropology’s role in studying transient phenomena.
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Pacheco, Rodríguez Miguel Ángel. "Social Rights Enforcement: Some Contributions from Legal Theory." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115475.
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This paper explores some of the main contributions developed bylegal theory in favour of social rights enforcement. The first part is devotedto the concept of subjective right and particularly to the conceptions due toRobert Alexy and Luigi Ferrajoli. The second part includes the analysis ofthe relationship between social rights and the principle of equality. Specialattention will be given to Luis Prieto’s theory. Finally, both post-positivisticand neo-constitutionalistic theories of Law will be evaluated in terms of theirdegree of recognition and defence of social rights.En este trabajo se exponen algunas de las principales contribuciones de la teoría del Derecho a la exigibilidad de los derechos sociales. La primera parte está dedicada al concepto de derecho subjetivo y especialmente a las propuestas de Robert Alexy y Luigi Ferrajoli. En la segunda parte, se analiza la relación de los derechos sociales con el principio de igualdad y, más concretamente, la propuesta de Luis Prieto. Finalmente, se exploran las posibilidades que tanto la teoría pospositivista del Derecho como la neoconstitucionalista ofrecen para un mayor grado de reconocimiento y eficacia de los derechos sociales.
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Aitchison, Cornish G. "Claiming from below : rights, politics and social movements." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1470585/.
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It is often said that many of the canonical rights we enjoy today are the achievement of past political struggle. While these struggles are typically invoked as a source of political inspiration, this thesis argues that they are also key to understanding the nature and significance of rights as a philosophical concept. The thesis marks a new contribution to the literature on rights, which is predominantly oriented to the formal analysis of rights in relation to the law and to their achievement and enforcement through the institutions of the constitutional state. Part I of the thesis sets out and defends an activist theory of rights that explains the special value the concept has as claims that empower agents with the moral standing to challenge and replace unjust laws, institutions and social practices according to critical moral norms. Part II uses the activist theory of rights as a framework to examine the strengths and weaknesses of four influential models of rights politics: the juridical model of Ronald Dworkin; the parliamentary model of Jeremy Waldron and Richard Bellamy; the liberal civil disobedience model of John Rawls, and the radical critique of rights from within the Marxian tradition. The evaluation of these four models generates an argument in support of the legitimacy and effectiveness of activist citizenship for the achievement and enforcement of rights on the basis of democratic inclusion, moral innovation and civic education. Part III of the thesis provides an illustration of activist citizenship taken from a contemporary squatting movement centered on the right to housing, ‘Take Back the Land’. In exercising the moral right to housing, for which they demand political recognition, the group’s practices reflect the adversarial dimension of rights in keeping with the concept’s historical role in empowering subordinate groups to challenge unjust relations of power and inequality.
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Hawkins, Kirstan. "Rights, health and power : a critical social analysis of the reproductive health and rights discourse." Thesis, Swansea University, 2002. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42673.
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This thesis is a critique of the global reproductive health and rights and discourse, which emanated from the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. The thesis argues that far from being a new population policy paradigm, the reproductive rights and health discourse is a reworking of a neo-Malthusian and neo-liberal policy agenda. The thesis begins with a consideration of the historical and political context in which international population policy has evolved, and questions the extent to which liberal notions of individual rights freedom and choice, enshrined in the reproductive health discourse, bears a relationship to the social, political and economic realities in which poor and socially marginalized people experience their sexual and reproductive health. Through a critical review of the literature the thesis questions the positivist/functionalist paradigms upon which mainstream demographic and reproductive health research is based. In rejecting both the positivism of mainstream demography as well as the relativism of much post-modernism, the thesis draws eclectically upon post-structuralist and practice theory to suggest a framework for "critical social analysis", which understands sexual and reproductive behaviour as both historically grounded and culturally contingent. Central to the framework is an exploration of how constructions of identity and difference shape social and political practice at the national and local level. Drawing upon case study material from Bolivia, the thesis explores how constructions of identity and difference are embedded in historical and structural conditions of inequality and exploitation. Through an ethnographic study the thesis considers how these structural conditions of inequality become embodied in and reproduced through everyday practices, which ultimately shape the experience of health and well being among poor migrant women. The thesis goes on to suggest a methodological approach entitled the "peer ethnographic method" for incorporating such an understanding of identity and difference into programme design and monitoring.
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VIANNA, ZAMIRA MENDES. "THE EFFICACY OF SOCIAL RIGHTS AND THE SUPREME COURT: A STUDY ON THE NATURE OF SOCIAL RIGHTS AND THEIR LEGAL ENFORCEABILITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18691@1.
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O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a eficácia dos direitos sociais
no Brasil, em especial os direitos a prestações e a justiciabilidade desses direitos
perante o poder judiciário. O abismo existente entre o ideal de transformação da
Constituição Federal de 1988 e a inércia demonstrada pelos costumes políticos e
sociais na história recente de nosso país ressaltam o quanto o Estado e a sociedade
estão falhando ao garantir as condições mínimas de existência humana digna, sem
as quais se torna inviável o gozo e a fruição dos direitos fundamentais, frustrandose
a efetividade da maioria das normas constitucionais. Este estudo se inicia pela
análise da trajetória dos direitos fundamentais até o seu reconhecimento e
positivação na Constituição Federal de 1988, passando-se em seguida, à análise
dos direitos sociais como direitos fundamentais, sua aplicabilidade e os limites à
eficácia dos direitos a prestações, reunindo elementos que possam justificar a
crescente atuação do poder judiciário, em especial do Supremo Tribunal Federal
no cenário econômico e social, na medida em que se tem atribuído a ele um novo
papel no quadro da Separação de Poderes, qual seja, atender à tarefa de realização
dos direitos sociais que compete, primariamente ao legislativo e ao executivo. As
fontes de pesquisa são doutrinárias, além do estudo de algumas normas
constitucionais pertinentes ao tema do trabalho e de jurisprudência selecionada
principalmente nos julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal.This work presents a study on the efficacy of social rights in Brazil, in special the rights to benefits and justiciability in front of judiciary. The lack between the ideal transformation of Federal Constitution of 1988 and the tendency of do not change shown by political and social values in the recent history of our country highlights how much the State and the society are weakened to support the minimum conditions to the existence of human dignity, without which becomes impossible enjoy the fundamental rights, frustrating to the effectiveness of most constitutional rules. This study bigins by the analysis of the fundamental rights trajectory until its recognition on the Federal Constitution of 1988, going through the analysis of social rights as fundamental rights, their applicability and limits the efficacy of rights to benefits, grouping elements that can justify the increasing role of Judiciary, especially the Supreme Court in the economic and social set, according to his new role into the Separation of Powers, that is, comply with realization of social rights that belongs first to the legislature and the executive. The research sources are doctrinal, besides the study of some constitutional rules relevant to the theme and the jurisprudence selected mainly on the judged from the Supreme Court.
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Ahmed, Najma. "Child rights : A study of the rights of children in Kenya and violations of the rights of children in Kenya." Thesis, Enskilda Högskolan Stockholm, Avdelningen för mänskliga rättigheter och demokrati, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ths:diva-1356.
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This essay is about children's rights in one African country namely Kenya. It includesinternational documents like the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) andthe regional African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC). The thesis alsoanalyzes the differences between these documents and also the Sustainable development goals arediscussed and how they directly touch children's rights.This thesis also deals with the topic of how children's rights are protected by the Kenyanconstitution . It will mention the international laws and conventions that Kenya is obligated toimplement and follow in order to guarantee the kenyan children their rights. During the work wewill take a look at legislations and policies that Kenya has established to promote and protect therights of the children in Kenya.I will analyze some of the violations of the rights of children in Kenya and will be mainly focusingon laws and policies that the country established. The thesis also includes an investigation ofwhich children's rights are violated in Kenya. It consists of statistics and what the laws in Kenyasay about these violations.
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Rossall, Jonathan P. J. "The charter of rights and freedoms and the human rights statutes : an uneasy truce or a peaceful coexistence?" Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65353.
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Boone, Barrera Enrique. "Fragmentation of property rights in the Mexican «Ejido» and its effects on the exercise of constitutionally protected rights." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123042.
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In order to alleviate poverty in Mexico, the federal government created a form of land tenure called the ejido. People in the ejido work and live under a particular set of federal regulations which, among other things, severely restricts transferring ejido land. After almost a century of being legislated, however, the ejido has not helped its inhabitants rise out of poverty. Moreover, the ejido, I argue, became an impediment to even economic and political progress in Mexico because it isolated a portion of the population within this regime and placed barriers to the exercise of its members' constitutionally protected rights and freedoms. Through an analysis of the conflict in the Atenco ejido, I will show how the ejido's legal regime, which aims to regulate the economic use of the land, filters the ejidatarios' relations with all other levels of government. The ejido's regulations affect, thus, the political agency of the ejidatario outside of the ejido. Using a historical and empirical approach, I explain the failure of the ejido as a productive asset and also as a site for political participation. In the process, I caution against calls for greater autonomy of the ejido if they rely on the idea of an intrinsic characteristic that unites all inhabitants of the ejido into "one people", or if they rely on the idea of self-legitimizing shared understandings that operate without the need of checks and balances. I conclude with law reform proposals that take into consideration Mexico's history and the actual socio-political environment in which ejidos operate. These reforms aim at making the ejido more responsive to the plurality of experiences within the ejido as well as to the plurality of other political units of which it forms part.Afin de remédier à la pauvreté au Mexique, le gouvernement fédéral a créé le ejido, une forme de régime foncier. Ceux qui habitent dans le ejido travaillent et vivent sous une règlementation fédérale, qui restreint, entre autres, le transfert de propriété ejido. Malgré la législation sur le régime foncier pendant presqu'un siècle, le ejido n'aide toujours pas ses habitants à échapper la pauvreté. Cette thèse avance que le ejido est devenu un obstacle au progrès économique et politique au Mexique car ce régime foncier a pour effet d'isoler une portion de la population et de poser des barrières à l'exercice de leurs droits et libertés fondamentaux. À travers une analyse du conflit dans l'ejido d'Atenco, cette thèse démontrera comment le régime juridique du ejido, qui a pour but de règlementer l'utilisation économique de la propriété, filtre les relations des ejidatarios avec tous les autres niveaux du gouvernement. La règlementation du ejido influence l'action politique des ejidatario à l'extérieur de cette propriété. Employant une approche historique et empirique, cette thèse explique l'échec de l'ejido comme agent productif ainsi qu'à titre de site de participation politique. Cette thèse fait preuve de prudence contre l'appel pour une plus grande autonomie attribuée à l'ejido si celle-ci est base sur l'idée d'une caractéristique intrinsèque d'unification de tous les habitants de l'ejido dans "un people", ou bien si cette idée est fondée sur une conception partagée d'autolégitimation qui procède sans recours à un système d'équilibre des pouvoirs. En conclusion, cette thèse propose des réformes du droit aux ejidos qui prennent en considération l'histoire du Mexique ainsi que l'environnement sociopolitique contemporain. Ces réformes ont pour objectif de sensibiliser l'ejido à la pluralité des expériences à l'intérieur de ce dernier ainsi que la pluralité d'autres unités politiques à l'intérieur de laquelle il s'inscrit.
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Abbay, Futsum. "Disability rights in Africa: towards citizenship approach." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114183.
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This thesis evaluates the status of the rights of persons with disabilities in the African context drawing from international, regional and national perspectives. It assesses the adequacy and effectiveness of the existing legal frameworks in Africa for achieving the full citizenship rights of persons with disabilities. It uses the concept of citizenship to justify and advocate for the protection and promotion of the rights of persons with disabilities. The thesis begins by reviewing various theoretical and conceptual models of disability rights and the emergence of anti-discrimination rights and the duty to accommodate in various jurisdictions. It then examines significant developments in international human rights law, culminating in the coming into force of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. I underscore the shift that has occurred away from a biomedical/charity model of disability towards a human rights and citizenship-based paradigm. In the African context, however, this shift has not yet occurred. I argue that the existing regional legal framework in Africa does not provide adequate legal protections and guarantees for safeguarding the human rights of persons with disabilities. The African regional human rights instruments often portray persons with disabilities as recipients of care, assistance and rehabilitation services, replicating the perspective of the individual/bio-medical model. The progress towards a human rights approach to disability rights in Africa has been very slow. I suggest that the African Union should adopt a separate and specific convention or protocol on the rights of persons with disabilities in Africa. At the national level, many African states have disability-related laws that continue to reflect attitudes rooted in the individual/bio-medical model. To date, many African states have not enacted laws that meaningfully respect and protect disability human rights. I argue that states should primarily be responsible for ensuring the full citizenship status of persons with disabilities. I maintain that persons with disabilities should be reasonably accommodated to meet their needs in all circumstances in order to attain this objective. Otherwise, eliminating the exclusion, marginalization and discrimination experienced by persons with disabilities will remain an unfulfilled dream.Cette thèse évalue le statut des droits des personnes handicapées dans le contexte Africain, en puisant dans des perspectives internationales, régionales et nationales. Elle étudie également l'adéquation et l'efficacité des cadres légaux existants actuellement en Afrique pour établir les pleins droits civils des personnes handicapées.La thèse commence par passer en revue plusieurs modèles théoriques et conceptuels des droits des personnes handicapées et l'émergence de droits antidiscriminatoires et du devoir d'accommodation dans plusieurs juridictions. Elle examine ensuite les développements significatifs dans le droit international de la personne, culminant avec l'entrée en vigueur de la Convention relative aux droits des personnes handicapées. À cet égard, je souligne le changement qui s'est opéré en passant d'un modèle biomédical/charité vers un paradigme basé sur les droits des personnes handicapées et la citoyenneté. Dans le contexte Africain, ce changement n'a en revanche pas encore eu lieu. Je soutiens que le cadre légal régional présentement en place en Afrique n'offre pas de protection légale ou de garanties pour la protection des droits des personnes handicapées adéquates. Les instruments régionaux Africains des droits de la personne décrivent souvent les personnes handicapées comme des receveurs d'aide, d'assistance et de services de réhabilitation, reproduisant ainsi la perspective du modèle individuel/biomédical. L'évolution vers une approche des droits de la personne pour les personnes handicapées en Afrique est très lente. Je suggère que l'Union Africaine devrait adopter une convention ou un protocole séparé et spécifique aux droits des personnes handicapées en Afrique. De même, au niveau national, de nombreuses nations Africaines légifèrent des lois sur le handicap qui continuent de refléter des attitudes ancrées dans le modèle individuel/biomédical. Présentement, de nombreux pays Africains n'ont pas adopté de lois qui respectent et protègent de façon significative les droits des personnes handicapées. Je soutiens que les états devraient être principalement responsables d'assurer le plein statut de citoyen des personnes handicapées. Je maintiens que les personnes handicapées devraient être raisonnablement accommodées pour pourvoir à leurs besoins en toutes circonstances pour atteindre cet objectif. Sinon, l'élimination de l'exclusion, de la marginalisation et de la discrimination envers les personnes handicapées restera un rêve inachevé.
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NETO, JOAQUIM CERQUEIRA. "DISSONANT CITIZENSHIP: THE DIFFICULT EQUATION BETWEEN THE POLITICAL RIGHTS AND THE SOCIAL RIGHTS IN CONTEMPORARY BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15062@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
A presente dissertação aborda o tema da cidadania como um objeto de análise autônomo, complexo e historicamente definido. Com base no conceito de cidadania elaborado por T.H. Marshall e no referencial analítico de José Murilo de Carvalho, desenvolveu-se uma investigação acerca das dimensões política e social da cidadania no Brasil Contemporâneo. A partir de uma perspectiva histórica a respeito do processo de construção da cidadania no Brasil, sustentamos que a vigência concomitante dos direitos políticos e dos direitos sociais no contexto atual assume uma relação intrinsecamente dissonante, o que implica, de um lado, reconhecer a novidade desta convivência, ainda que não virtuosa, no curso histórico do Brasil republicano, e destacar, por outro lado, a natureza e o significado dessa dissonância para a realização da cidadania brasileira. Portanto, o objetivo principal consistiu em verificar o significado e a natureza da dinâmica entre as dimensões política e social da cidadania no contexto do Brasil Contemporâneo. A nossa contribuição consiste, neste sentido, em desenhar a moldura atual em que se encontram colocadas as dimensões da cidadania brasileira, bem como evidenciar o significado desta nova configuração para o alcance de uma cidadania plena no país.
The present dissertation boards the subject of the citizenship like an autonomous, complex and historically definite object of analysis. On basis of the concept of citizenship prepared by T.H. Marshall and the analytical referential system of José Murilo of Carvalho, an investigation was developed about the political and social dimensions of the citizenship in Contemporary Brazil. From a historical perspective as to the process of construction of the citizenship in Brazil, it was supported that the concomitant validity of the political rights and of the social rights in the current context assumes an intrinsic dissonant relation, what it teases, from a side, to recognize the novelty of this contact, still that not virtuous, in the historical course of republican Brazil, and to make, on the other side, the nature and the meaning of this dissonance for the problem of the Brazilian citizenship. So, the principal objective consisted in checking the meaning and the nature of the dynamic one between the political and social dimensions of the citizenship in the context of Contemporary Brazil. Our contribution consists, in this sense, in drawing the current frame in which there are put the dimensions of the Brazilian citizenship, as well as showing up the meaning of this new configuration for the reach of a full citizenship in the country.
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Scharla, Løjmand Ida. "Voicing Women’s Rights: Being and Becoming a Women’s Rights Activist in Assam, India." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21191.
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This thesis is based on a minor field study (MFS) with the aim of investigating what habitus and forms of capital facilitate women’s rights activism in Assam, India – a state described as highly patriarchal but also a place where women enjoy higher status than elsewhere in the country. Using the concepts of capital and habitus and elements from social movement- and feminist theory, I analyze interviews with eight Assamese women’s rights activists. I conclude that the habitus of social engagement has been embodied early in most participants and that they all possess strong cultural and social capital that enable them to act. The identity of being independent is an integrated part of the participants and it is also what they strive to implement in the communities of women they work with.
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Stojić, Damir. "The principles of Catholic social teaching on minority rights." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p029-0702.
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Vitale, David Anthony. "Political trust and the enforcement of constitutional social rights." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3779/.
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This thesis addresses the long-debated question of courts’ proper role in enforcing constitutional social rights; and it does so from a new perspective – that of political trust. Its central argument is that the concept of political trust – as it has been conceptualised and theorised in the relevant social science literature – has normative potential for defining such a role for courts. Specifically, I argue that courts, in enforcing constitutional social rights, can, and should, use political trust as an adjudicative tool, employing it to develop a standard to which government, in its provision of social goods and services to the public, can and will be held. To make out this argument, I draw on both theoretical and empirical social science scholarship on trust and how it functions in contemporary societies. I suggest, based on that scholarship, that we can expect constitutional social rights adjudication by courts to be able to impact (and in the right circumstances, to foster) political trust. And following from this impact, in combination with the well-recognised value of political trust by social scientists as well as a host of other principled reasons, I make the claim that political trust can, and should, lie at the very centre of social rights enforcement by courts.
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Junior, Edinaldo César Santos. "O sistema interamericano de direitos humanos: a garantia do juíz independente, imparcial e pré-constituído e seus reflexos no direito brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-26112013-110250/.
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O objetivo primordial deste trabalho é fazer uma apresentação do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos (SIDH) aos operadores jurídicos do Brasil, em especial aos juízes brasileiros. Para isso, noticia-se a mudança de rumo mundial a partir de 1948, com uma nova concepção dos direitos humanos. A soberania do Estado se relativiza. A ONU é criada, conformando o Sistema Global de Proteção aos Direitos Humanos e na sua esteira, os sistemas regionais são instituídos. De maneira pontual, o Sistema Regional Europeu, o Sistema Regional Africano e a incipiência do Árabe e do Asiático são referidos e contextualizados. Nesse ponto da pesquisa, debruça-se sobre o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos, sistema regional das Américas, fazendo alusão ao seu surgimento, órgãos e instrumentos normativos. Dentre os órgãos, situa-se a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos como intérprete final dos vários instrumentos normativos do sistema. O mais importante deles é a Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos (CADH). Denominada também de Pacto de San José da Costa Rica, esta convenção cria um sistema próprio e eficiente de responsabilização estatal a violadores de seus preceitos. Nos termos da CADH, a porta de entrada das denúncias perante o SIDH é a Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, cujas atribuições são também estudadas. Com o desejo de dotar o leitor de um conhecimento aprofundado acerca da garantia do juiz independente, imparcial e préconstituído, o segundo capítulo do trabalho adentra na jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. São relatados vários casos contenciosos e uma opinião consultiva, buscando dotar o leitor de uma precisa noção do entendimento do tribunal interamericano sobre tais garantias. No terceiro capítulo, a partir dos conceitos no Brasil de juiz independente, imparcial e pré-constituído, faz-se um paralelo com a jurisprudência da Corte, demonstrando-se o imperativo de que o juiz brasileiro tenha ciência da jurisprudência do SIDH para necessariamente aplicá-la sob pena de responsabilização do Estado brasileiro. Temas como a hierarquia dos tratados internacionais no Brasil, controle de convencionalidade e diálogo das Corte são tratados, buscando dar uma ampla visão dos reflexos do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos no direito brasileiro.Tem main objective of this work is to present the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) to the legal professionals in Brazil, in particular to Brazilian judges. To accomplish that, we review the worldwide change of perspective concerning human rights that transpired as of 1948, by means of a new conception thereof. State sovereignty is relativized. The UN is organized, the Global Human Rights Regime is formatted, and, in its wake, the regional human rights regimes are also established. One by one, the European, African, and the incipient Arab and Asian regional human rights regimes are referred to and contextualized. At this point of the research, we focus on the Inter-American Human Rights System, the regional human rights regime of the Americas, and point out its origin, organs and normative instruments. Among its organs, we highlight the Inter-American Court of Human Rights as the court of last resort for the interpretation of the several normative instruments of the system, among which we point out the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) as the most important. Also known as Pact of San José, Costa Rica, this convention establishes a unique and efficient system of state responsibility for the infringement of its precepts. Pursuant to the ACHR, complaints under the IAHRS shall be made before the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights, whose competences are also reviewed. In order to grant to the reader an in-depth knowledge on the guarantees of an independent, impartial, and preappointed judge, the second chapter of this work focuses on the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. We set forth several litigation cases and one advisory opinion to convey to the reader a precise notion of the Inter-American Court of Human Rightss construction of such guarantees. In the third chapter, from the concepts of an independent, impartial and pre-appointed judge in Brazil, we make a comparison with the Inter-American Court of Human Rightss case law and demonstrate that it is essential that Brazilian judges be acquainted with the IAHRS case law to necessarily apply it, whereas failing to do so may subject the State of Brazil to international responsibility. Themes such as the hierarchy of international treaties in Brazil, control of conventionality, and communication among courts are also reviewed in order to provide the reader with a broad perspective of the influence of the IAHRS on the Brazilian Laws.
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Nkhata, Mwiza Jo. "The social trust and leadership roles : revitalising duty bearer accountability in the protection of social and economic rights in Malawi and Uganda." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1153.
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"The relevance of social and economic rights to societal welfare and well-being need not be overemphasised. The quality of life enjoyed by the citizenry is directly related to the level of enjoyment of social and economic rights in any particular country. However, the enjoyment of social and economic rights is, in turn, largely predicated on the manner in which national resources are managed and directed towards obligations raised by social and economic rights. It is axiomatic, therefore, to devise a framework that ensures that managers of public resources operate within an environment where their actions in relation to the management of national resources are governed by transparency and accountability. In the light of the above, this study explores the relationship that exist between the social trust concept and leadership roles, particularly in as far as duty bearer accountability for social and economic rights is concerned. The study argues that social trust based devices can be used to enhance duty bearer accountability in relation to social and economic rights and that such increased duty bearer accountability will automatically serve to better the welfare of the citizenry. The viability of recognising and enforcing social trust based accountability mechanisms is highlighted by exploring its relevance to Malawi and Uganda. The crux of the study is that public functionaries must always be amenable to censure by the citizenry if diligence is to be infused in the performance of their duties and the social trust concept offers adept mechansisms for achieving this." -- Abstract.
This study consists of five chapters. Chapter one provides the context and foundation of the study. Chapter two is devoted to explaining the nature and scope of the social trust concept and how it can validly, if at all, be extended into the public law realm. Chapter two also expounds on some basic concepts employed in the study. Chapter three is aimed at providing and understanding of leadership roles and explaining their relevance to social economic rights. Briefly put, chapter three explores the interface between social economic rights and social trust based leadership roles. Chapter four discusses the benefits of revitalising a social trust based conception of leadership roles particularly by highlighting why Malawi and Uganda need social trust based leadership roles. The chapter also outlines how the benefits of a revitalised duty bearer accountability can be realised. Chapter five will present the study's conclusions and recommendations." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005.
Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Ben Twinomugisha at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Uganda
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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DeGeorge, Michelle. "Attitudes & Opinions of Circuit Court Judges on the Issue of Substance Abuse During Pregnancy." TopSCHOLAR®, 1992. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2248.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes and opinions of circuit court judges in Kentucky concerning the issue of pregnancy and substance abuse. A questionnaire was mailed to all 90 circuit court judges in Kentucky. The questionnaire, consisting of both a Likert scale and open-ended questions, dealt with concerns relating to the criminalization of pregnant substance abusers, fetal rights, state intervention in the case of pregnant substance abusers, and mothers rights. The ages of the judges, as well as their years of experience on the bench, were used to determine their attitudes on these issues. Results showed that older judges and more experienced judges were more likely to favor criminalization of pregnant substance abusers. Younger judges and less experienced judges, however, were less likely to favor criminalization of pregnant substance abusers.
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Raible, Lea Alexa. "Human rights unbound : a theory of extraterritorial human rights obligations with special reference to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041896/.
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This thesis advances four main arguments aimed at fundamentally changing the way we think about extraterritorial human rights obligations. First, I argue that the questions regarding extraterritoriality are really about justifying the allocation of human rights obligations to specific states. Second, I seek to show that human rights as found in international human rights law, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, are underpinned by the values of integrity and equality. Third, I argue that these same values justify the allocation of human rights obligations towards specific individuals to public institutions - including states - that hold political power over said individuals. And fourth, I show that title to territory is best captured by the value of stability, as opposed to integrity and equality. Because of this, models of jurisdiction that incorporate a close relationship with title to territory cannot be successful. The consequence of these arguments is a major shift in how we view extraterritorial human rights obligations. Namely, the upshot is that all standards in international human rights law that count as human rights require that a threshold of jurisdiction, understood as political power, is met. However, on my account, this threshold is not a conceptual necessity but a normative one. It is the relevant threshold not only for practical reasons, but because it justifies the allocation of human rights obligations.
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Kwak, Hochul. "Rights of Concrete Others: Ethics of Concrete Others, Social Individuality, and Social Multiculturalism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/63.
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A globalizing world is replete with the vulnerable, who are experiencing economic poverty, medical maltreatment, political persecution, and/or cultural misrecognition. The vulnerable are under systematic oppression and domination. Although the wealth of humankind increases continuously, many are excluded from any benefit of this increased wealth. While human beings have achieved significant progress in medical technology, uncountable numbers of people are exposed to a shortage of appropriate medical care. Despite continued expansion of democracy around the globe, the powerless majority and minorities are experiencing ignorance of their differences, culturally and/or politically. This dissertation searches for a viable human rights scheme that will effectively address the systematic oppression and domination of the vulnerable. By addressing oppression and domination of the vulnerable, I focus on overcoming several dichotomies: a dichotomy between transcendence and immanence within human beings, a dichotomy between equality and difference among human beings, and a dichotomy between individual differences and group differences. Those dichotomies have been detrimental to addressing systematic oppression and domination of the vulnerable.
With relation to the dichotomy between transcendence and immanence within human beings, I frame the vulnerable as concrete others who have both transcendental dimensions and immanent dimensions. In terms of the dichotomy between equality and difference, my proposal is equality that substantially promotes difference, that is, capability equality and least-gap equality. With regard to the dichotomy between individual difference and group difference, my proposal is multiculturalism based on social individuality. These proposals for overcoming aforementioned dichotomies converge on social multiculturalism. I have argued that equality between groups and equality within groups can best address oppression and domination of concrete others. Specifically, reconfigured basic income guarantee, which includes basic income, public education, public healthcare, and linguistic diversity, is a concrete form of equality within groups that is conducive to promoting equality between groups. Therefore, I think that social multiculturalism based on the reconfigured basic income guarantee is a new, viable version of addressing oppression and domination of the vulnerable.
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Nartea, Alexandru. "Compliance with International Human Rights and Refugee Rights Principles. The Case of Myanmar and its Refugees in Thailand." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1952.
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The people of Myanmar find their personal security and well-being threatened by the military authorities of the country and have no option but to leave their homeland and seek refuge in Thailand. Nevertheless, seen as the burden and element of insecurity the refugees are often left unprotected or even expelled by the Thai authorities. The situation as such recalls what some observers shortly named “unwanted and unprotected”. The thesis focuses on the provisions of international human rights and refugee rights principles and traces the impact of international standards on the refugee problem situation. This research aims to assess the compliance with the international human rights and refugee principles in the Myanmar-Thailand case. Taking into account the particularity of this case, the aim has a twofold structure. On the one hand, it seeks to analyze the compliance with the international human rights principles in the Myanmar context. On the other hand, it needs to analyze the compliance with the international refugee and human rights standards of the Myanmar refugees in Thailand. Falling in-between the international law and international relations theories the compliance-based theory is employed to guide the analysis and help answer the fundamental question of this research: Why is compliance with the international human rights and refugee rights principles in the case of Myanmar and Thailand problematic?
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Keeler, Rebecca L. "Corporate Rights." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/449.
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Book Summary: Spanning three volumes, this comprehensive encyclopedia of over six hundred entries covers the full range of civil rights and liberties in America from the antecedents of the Bill of Rights through the most recent controversies over political and social issues, including abortion, free speech, religious liberty, voting rights, and the guarantees of equality. It also addresses the civil rights and liberties issues stemming from America's ongoing war on terrorism. Detailed entries include key concepts, historical events and developments, major trials and appellate court decisions, landmark legislation, legal doctrines, important personalities, and key organizations and agencies. Entries have an objective tone, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions.
Designed as an up-to-date reference source for students, scholars, and citizens, the encyclopedia will help broaden and heighten understanding and appreciation for the wide range of issues associated with civil rights and liberties in the United States, and is the most sophisticated treatment available. The volumes of the encyclopedia consist of original entries, arranged alphabetically, on many current hot-button issues as well as in-depth coverage of the rights Americans hold sacred. Written by experts in the field, including attorneys, judges, and legal scholars, the encyclopedia takes a historical-legal approach, providing important information on the background and development of an issue or event.
The third volume concludes with over three dozen essential primary documents, including landmark statutes, key court decisions, and influential essays.
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Milli, Ece. "Assessing The Human Rights Regime Of The Council Of Europe In Terms Of Economic And Social Rights." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615020/index.pdf.
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This thesis seeks to answer the question whether economic and social rights have the same status with civil and political rights under the human rights regime of the Council of Europe. To this end, the thesis examines the assumptions with regard to the nature of economic and social rights, on the one hand, and civil and political rights, on the other. Second, it seeks to find out whether the nature of economic and social rights is different from that of civil and political rights. Third, it examines how the protection of and approach to the two sets of rights developed in the Council of Europe. Finally, it assesses the contemporary protection of economic and social rights in the Council of Europe in comparison to protection of civil and political rights.
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Eick, Christophe N. "Enforcing international human rights law in domestic courts." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63973.
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Corlett, Jay Angelo. "Moral Compatibilism: Rights, responsibility, punishment and compensation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185747.
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The moral status of collectives is an important problem for any plausible moral, social and political philosophy. Are collectives proper subjects of moral rights and moral responsibility (liability) ascriptions? Is it morally justified for the state to punish collectives for criminal offenses, or for the state to force collectives to pay compensation for tort offenses? Moral Individualism denies that collectives are properly ascribed properties such as moral rights, moral liability, and punishability, while Moral Collectivism affirms that some collectives may be legitimately ascribed all such moral properties. I argue for a compatibilist position: "Moral Compatibilism." Using a hybrid interest/choice model of collective moral rights, I argue that it is justified to attribute moral rights to some collectives (prototypically, numerically large nations and corporations). Furthermore, I argue that it is morally unjustified for the state to impose sanctions on collectives. For a necessary condition of the state's imposing sanctions on collectives (in a morally justified way) is that the object of the imposed sanction is a morally liable agent. But collectives, though they can (ideally) be morally liable for their doings, are typically not structured such that they are morally liable agents. Collectives--even highly organized ones--do not typically satisfy some of the conditions jointly necessary for moral liability. It is not clear that they are intentional, epistemic, and voluntary agents. This distinction between what a collective can become and what it typically is in regards to intentionality, voluntariness, etc., is crucial. Yet it is not made by others working in this area. The arguments of this dissertation have important theoretical and practical implications for action theory, moral, social, legal, political philosophy, and business ethics. It in no way follows from my arguments that collectives cannot be restructured so that they can satisfy the conditions of moral liability and become justified objects of state sanction when they act negligently or criminally. In fact, I argue that it is the moral obligation of persons in society to restructure their social institutions so that such collectives become morally liable agents (at least to some meaningful extent). This poses a challenge to moral, social and political philosophers to think of how such collectives might be restructured so that the state may legitimately impose sanctions on them to the extent that they are morally liable agents.
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Williams, Carolyn. "Sexuality, rights and development : Peruvian feminist connections." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/195/.
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This thesis is a study of the ways in which the concept of sexuality changes in meaning over time and as it travels through different Peruvian feminist discursive fields and sites of action. Although academic research on Latin American feminists' politics of sexuality has been very limited to date, their own documents reveal a notable absence of debates on same-sex sexuality within the field of sexual and reproductive rights. Moreover, when same-sex sexuality is incorporated into discourse, conceptualized as lesbian rights, it does not refer to low-income women. This paradox is mirrored in feminist connections with British international development agencies. Combining multisited ethnography with a variety of qualitative research methods, I examine the effects of the shifting meanings and normative assumptions in the deployment of 'sexuality' by key Peruvian feminist individuals and organizations in their work at local, national, regional and global levels. In this thesis I show that feminist discourse on sexual rights is implicitly heteronormative with reference to women in Lima's low-income settlements and related national policy advocacy. This limitation is influenced by and reinforces the discursive and funding pressures emanating from international development agencies. Meanwhile, the same feminist actors' national and regional public policy advocacy on lesbian rights and non-discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation does not connect sexuality with, class, ethnic or national differences and inequalities. The consequence is the construction of a normative middle class, modern, global, urban lesbian subject in Peru that is considered of little relevance by UK-based international development agencies. At regional and global levels, feminist discourse on sexual and reproductive rights has very recently incorporated ythe notions of 'sexual and gender diversity', thus incorporating questions of same-sex sexuality. However, differences of social class, race, ethnicity and geo-political location remain unexamined. I argue that in future feminist cultural politics, the pre-theoretical commitments and normative assumptions of sexuality and related rights-based concepts, deployed in different discursive fields and sites of action, need be theorized on the basis of women's knowledge from different economic, ethnic, racial and national contexts.
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Černič, Jernej Letnar. "Corporate responsibility for fundamental human rights." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until April, 6, 2013, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25748.
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Boushel, Margaret. "Making sense of children's rights : how professionals providing integrated child welfare services understand and interpret children's rights." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/.
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The purpose of this study is to contribute to the development of integrated child welfare services through an exploration of how professionals providing such services make sense of children's rights and interpret their understandings in their approach to practice. The study focuses on professionals providing services for children between 5 and 13 years old within the Every Child Matters initiative, designed to support the assessment and provision of integrated child and family preventive services in England. The aims were to explore professional understandings of, and engagement with children's rights, provide a description and analysis of the empirical data, and develop a theorised understanding of the factors influencing sense-making and their implications for professionals' interpretations of their role. Areas of interest included similarities and differences in professionals' understandings and how these matched the understandings of service users and those evident in legal and policy texts. It was anticipated that professionals' understandings and engagement would draw on a complex mix of variable knowledge and embedded assumptions and practices, contested and negotiated in relation to welfare structures, texts and professional identities. The study was designed to explore whether this was borne out. A post-modernist theoretical approach was used, drawing on Bourdieu's theories of structured inequalities and influenced by Actor Network Theory's perspectives on networks. Using qualitative methodologies a case study was undertaken within one local area, linking a range of elements in an iterative process, with data from one phase interwoven in the next. Thirty-nine semi-structured interviews with professionals from social work, education and health settings drew on material developed from focus group discussions with child and parent service users and were supplemented by analysis of legal and policy texts and of 30 case records and site-based observations. Initial findings were discussed in parent and professional focus groups. In a second stage analysis of a subset of the data, these findings were explored further and situated within research and academic debate on professional practices and theories of childhood and of rights. Three broad configurations emerged from the data, reflecting differing professionals' constructions and practice interpretations of children's rights. Some participants interpreted children's rights as an essential ‘golden thread' underpinning their practice; others took a more selective ‘pick and mix' approach; and in a third perspective, children's rights were positioned as ‘uncomfortable accommodations' in relation to interpretations of professional role and of family life. These varying dispositions and related interpretations of professionals' regulated liberties were associated with perspectives on childhood, rights knowledge, professional setting, personal dispositions and relational practices. The findings are necessarily tentative and a causal relationship cannot be inferred. Three overarching themes emerged across these configurations. These related to: a common rights language and framework; children's longer-term welfare rights; and conceptualisations of the role of rights within relationships. The absence of a common rights framework to support professional and interprofessional discussions of children's rights was evident across all settings, as was a professional focus on the immediate and lack of attention to children's longer-term welfare, civil and social rights. Participants indicated that providing information about children's rights and exploring rights-based relationships in work with parents and carers was very rare and often avoided. The study proposes that in order to address children's rights in a more consistent and holistic way professionals need opportunities to explore theories of human and children's rights using a broad common framework such as the UNCRC. In integrating children's rights within professional practice increased attention is needed to children's longer-term welfare and development rights and to providing children and adults with information about, positive modelling of and opportunities to explore the place of rights in children's key relationships.
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Bell, Nancy M. "Young people at residential school : rights, communications and 'complaints'." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/473/.
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Children and young people at residential schools are among the most vulnerable and marginalized of societal groups. While increasingly research has focused upon the everyday worlds of these children and young people, there has been an absence of research in Scotland that has examined the complex matrix of children’s human rights, complaints processes and advocacy, exploring children and young people’s understandings about those key themes and the institutional relations affecting their daily lives. Situated within a theoretical and contextual framework informed by institutional ethnography and children’s human rights, this thesis provides an account of young people’s understandings about rights, ‘complaints’ and advocacy, illustrating key textual constituents of adult dominated institutional relations influencing those understandings. The thesis begins from the standpoint of young people at residential school, acknowledging young people as expert knowers of their own experiences and claiming that these experiences are located within multifarious intersections of social, generational and institutional relations. Young people revealed in the research that they had little or no knowledge about their rights and that they preferred to discuss their concerns - their ‘complaints’ - with people they know and trust. Young people also disclosed that they had little contact with formal advocates and a poor understanding about advocacy services and the residential school’s internal complaint process. By mapping institutional factors affecting young people’s knowledge and understanding, this research has illuminated the multifaceted complaints process environments located within social care, health, education and legal contexts, explicating the systemic barriers to hearing the concerns of young people about possible rights violations. As researcher, I argue that it is essential for young people at residential school to understand their rights to claim rights violations and seek resolutions to possible rights infringements. Secondly, complaints process definitions need to be informed from a rights-based perspective and coordinate with young people’s own understandings about what constitutes a ‘complaint’. Defining complaints and implementing complaints processes from a human rights perspective, together with ensuring young people have trusting relationships with known advocates in their everyday worlds, is imperative for determining young people’s access to complaint processes and ensuring young people fully realize their entitlements. This research shows how institutional texts – unseen and unknown to young people – exist in ways that may actually interfere with this objective and prohibit the implementation of young people’s participation, protection and provisions rights. By extending our knowledge of young people’s everyday worlds beyond the scope of what is readily apparent in the ordinary ways in which we live our lives, this research has identified sites of potential change within the system of institutional texts, making it possible to effect change that will facilitate, rather than obfuscate, the implementation of young people’s human rights.
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Silverio, Julia. "Human Rights constructiveness - in Finnish Youth Shelters." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23436.
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The motivation for the thesis was to discover whether Finnish Red Cross Youth Shelters can be evaluated and developed from legal and moral standpoints, such as the Human Rights. A special focus is put on how the international law gets interpreted and practiced in a local (Youth Shelter) context. Findings from the collected data are based on the experiences of the Youth Shleter’s employees and volunteers through workshop discussions, surveys and interviews. This observational work done within the thesis is an initial mapping of how “things are at the moment”. Data is analysed with The New Legal Realism (NLR) theory, which main focus is to study law’s context-based interpretations and mobility ie. how international law creates meanings in a local setting. (Dagan & Kreitner, 2018; 534.) The value of the findings will increase through new ideas, support measures and a better identification of the needs of employees and volunteers arising from the findings. The observational work is inspired by the idea that if someone has an obligation to ensure rights, they are also entitled to get support with knowledge of how to implement them properly.
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Morgaine, Karen Lynn. "“Creative Interpretation and Fluidity in a Rights Framework”: The Intersection of Domestic Violence and Human Rights in the United States." PDXScholar, 2007. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3933.
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This study explores the manner in which leaders working in the domestic violence field in the US have or have not adopted a human rights framework and what impact this has had on domestic violence policy and intervention. Participants included leaders from national domestic violence and human rights organizations. These organizations are instrumental in developing policy and in framing the issues of domestic violence and human rights, many of which also work with specific racial and ethnic populations. Some of the primary research questions included: If the human rights discourse is being put to practical use within the US, how does it meet the needs of women of color, immigrants, and other women who have been marginalized? Does bringing the issue of domestic violence into a human rights framework reinscribe hegemonic feminism in ways that are either ineffectual or oppressive and colonizing to women of color, immigrants and/or women in marginalized groups in the US and if so, in what ways? Additional research objectives include assessing whether there is active resistance to adopting a human rights framework and benefits and challenges to using the framework. This research uses the critique and experiences of women of color as a focal point.
Through the use of critical ethnography and autoethnography, this study examines the manner in which the power to frame and define social problems unfolds. Findings suggest a limited dialogue to date between national domestic violence and human rights organizations with a range of thoughts regarding potential benefits and barriers to reframing domestic violence as a human rights violation. Barriers include lack of resonance/U.S. exceptionalism, power of the State to direct funding and focus, and reluctance to shift status quo based in part in white privilege. Benefits of cross-organizational dialogue include expanding focus, building coalitions, and engaging diverse communities in addressing domestic violence issues. Intersectional issues related to gender, race/ethnicity, immigration, and sovereignty are also explored. This research suggests that social workers need to continue to critically assess the application of human rights to social justice issues and the role that privilege plays in social movements and social policy formation.
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Isaksson, Zeth. "What is the problem with the European Pillar of Social Rights? : Trade unions in the consultation process of the European pillar of social rights." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355991.
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Lai-lin, Yip. "The ICAC and human rights." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20622272.
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