Journal articles on the topic 'Social responsibility of business – Canada'
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Bradish, Cheri, and J. Joseph Cronin. "Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport." Journal of Sport Management 23, no. 6 (November 2009): 691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.6.691.
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Over the past decade, there has been a groundswell of support within the sport industry to be “good sports”, as evidenced by a growing number of, and commitment to, “giving” initiatives and “charitable” programs. Consider the following examples:• In 1998, the “Sports Philanthropy Project” was founded, devoted to “harnessing the power of professional sports to support the development of healthy communities.” (Sports Philanthropy Project, 2009) To date, this organization has supported and sustained over 400 philanthropic-related organizations associated with athlete charities, league initiatives, and team foundations in the United States and Canada.• In 2003, “Right To Play” (formerly Olympic Aid) the international humanitarian organization was established, which has used sport to bring about change in over 40 of the world's most disadvantaged communities. Of note is their vision to “engage leaders on all sides of sport, business and media, to ensure every child's right to play” (www.righttoplay.com).• In 2005, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) became one of the first sport organizations to create an internal corporate social responsibility unit, and soon thereafter committed a significant percentage of their revenues to related corporate social responsibility programs (FIFA, 2005).
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Mahoney, L. S., and Linda Thorne. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Long-term Compensation: Evidence from Canada." Journal of Business Ethics 57, no. 3 (March 2005): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-5367-z.
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Bellow, Edgar, Lotfi Hamzi, and Huai-Yuan Han. "Energy Sovereignty and Corporate Social Responsibility." Journal of Business and Economics 9, no. 6 (June 20, 2018): 455–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/06.09.2018/001.
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This paper will examine how corporate social responsibility (CSR), specifically related to the challenges of climate change, is integrated in oil and gas business models using a stakeholder theory approach. The paper will draw upon a case study of the Canadian oil and gas industry, looking at multinational corporations’ institutional pressures with respect to stakeholders, and challenges to their legitimacy, in Canada in comparison to MNC oil and gas operations elsewhere. The Arctic environmental region is home to Canada’s most significant reserves of hydrocarbons, oil and gas, but changes which are being exacerbated by shifts in the earth’s climate will ultimately make the environmental planning process more challenging for companies looking to expand their interests in the Arctic and for the sovereignty debates over land claims and land use. This is not only true because of the changes in the environment itself, but because of the effects of these changes on First Nations communities. This paper will show that long-term changes in environmental frameworks are one of the reasons why cumulative and collaborative CSR efforts are warranted in order to ensure that there is a balance between the interests of different parties. This will be achieved through a project development framework linked to a CSR approach grounded in stakeholder stewardship, rather than self-interest, that recognizes multiple levels of sovereignty in the control and use of resources.
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Wei, Yu-Chen, Carolyn P. Egri, and Carol Yeh-Yun Lin. "Do corporate social responsibility practices yield different business benefits in eastern and western contexts?" Chinese Management Studies 8, no. 4 (October 28, 2014): 556–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-05-2014-0091.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which societal culture has a moderating effect on the business benefits of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Design/methodology/approach – A cross-national research design was conducted using survey data collected from 164 firms in Taiwan and 196 firms in Canada. Findings – We found societal differences in the positive influence of CSR on corporate image and employee commitment. Specifically, we found that the relationships between CSR (customer-oriented and employee-oriented) and corporate image were stronger for Taiwanese firms than for Canadian firms. In addition, employee CSR was found to be more strongly associated with higher employee commitment in Taiwan than in Canada. While customer CSR was associated with enhanced customer loyalty, this relationship was similar for firms in both countries. Research limitations/implications – Multi-informants for data collection and longitudinal research design in future research would be required for further understanding of the relationships among the variables in this study. Practical implications – This paper suggests that the business benefits of customer and employee CSR practices may yield relatively greater competitive advantages in East Asian countries where CSR is not as established or taken for granted as in Western countries. Originality/value – This study draws on the strategic perspective to investigate the value of CSR practices yielding different business benefits in contrasting cultural contexts.
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Amann, Wolfgang C., and Shiv K. Tripathi. "The Path Towards Becoming a Socially Responsible Business School—The Case of Canara Bank School of Management Studies India." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2019): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977919860281.
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Past two decades have witnessed significant increase in social responsibility mainstreaming in businesses. Consequently, business schools across the globe are increasingly adopting and mainstreaming social responsibility agenda in business education curriculum. Some of the business schools have brought interesting innovations in integrating social responsibility issues at different levels. The case explores and analyses the challenges and opportunities faced by one of the largest public university affiliated business schools in Bangalore with regard to properly integrating sustainability in next generation management education. The case also analyses the contextual issues in transferring learning across UN Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) signatory business schools in a given context. The article is based on a field research as well as a review of secondary data.
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Dashwood, Hevina S. "Canadian Mining Companies and Corporate Social Responsibility: Weighing the Impact of Global Norms." Canadian Journal of Political Science 40, no. 1 (March 2007): 129–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423907070047.
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Abstract.This study analyzes the factors that led two Canadian mining companies, Noranda and Placer Dome, to adopt polices on corporate social responsibility (CSR). Although much has been written on CSR in the business and organization fields, there has been little scholarly treatment of the topic from a social sciences perspective. A common assumption is that companies are merelyreactingto societal pressures from transnational non-governmental organizations. This study challenges that assumption, by weighing the impact of emerging global norms of CSR against influences internal to the companies themselves, and domestic influences operating in Canada. The research findings point to the decisive influence of internal company dynamics and the experience of operating mines in Canada. While emerging global CSR norms are important, their role is more complex than is often assumed, as mining companies have beenproactivein their efforts to shape those norms.Résumé.Cette étude analyse les facteurs qui ont amené deux sociétés minières canadiennes, Noranda et Placer Dome, à adopter des politiques concernant la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise (RSE). La RSE a fait couler beaucoup d'encre dans le domaine des affaires et de l'organisation, mais peu de chercheurs s'y sont intéressés dans la perspective des sciences sociales. On part très souvent de l'hypothèse que les sociétés se contentent deréagiraux pressions sociales exercées par les organisations non-gouvernementales transnationales. Cette étude remet cette hypothèse en question en comparant l'impact des normes globales émergentes de la RSE aux influences internes aux sociétés elles-mêmes, et aux influences domestiques qui s'exercent au Canada. Les résultats révèlent l'influence décisive des dynamiques internes des sociétés et celle de l'expérience dérivée de l'exploitation des mines au Canada. Les normes globales émergentes en matière de RSE sont certes importantes, mais leur rôle est plus complexe qu'on ne l'admet souvent car les sociétés minières ont joué un rôle très actif dans leur élaboration.
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Gacek, James. "Corporate Greenwashing and Canada Goose: Exploring the Legitimacy–Aesthetic Nexus." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 9, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 148–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v9i2.1385.
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Public discourse on environmental responsibility and sustainability continues to pressure corporations, especially those that have been portrayed as key contributors of environmental harm. Greenwashing is a strategy that companies adopt to engage in symbolic communications with environmental issues without substantially addressing them in actions. This paper aims to raise awareness of corporate greenwashing, drawing attention to issues that progress the trend of individualized responsibility and consumption, while concealing the social and (eco)systemic issues in the process. By drawing on the case study of winter apparel company Canada Goose, this paper questions whether businesses can ‘go green’ in good faith, if corporate responsibility and environmental responsibility can ever be reconciled, and if there is considerable need to clarify the intended effects and unintended consequences of corporate greenwashing.
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Gajadhur, Revantha. "Corporate Social Responsibility in Developed as opposed to Developing Countries and the Link to Sustainability." Athens Journal of Law 8, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 189–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajl.8-2-6.
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This article reviews and incorporates the findings of academic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainability studies to guide hotels in achieving sustainability through CSR initiatives. To date, limited empirical research on CSR in developing countries is available. A triple-bottom-line approach employs companies to balance the needs of stakeholders, allowing them to give back to society while still prospering. Organisations follow CSR activities for a number of reasons, including enhancing the organisational image and strengthening relationships with consumers and stakeholders. CSR is most widely used in developed countries, such as the USA, Canada, and the UK. Consequently, given the lack of progress in CSR implementation in the developing world, this article illustrates some of the gaps identified in developing countries. This is significant because, for the first time, scholars in developing countries are exploring deeply into the concept of CSR. Thus, the article clearly sets the stage for businesses to participate in CSR activities by identifying the return and advantages of making investments for CSR activities within its relevant sectors. In other words, investigating the relationship between CSR and company performance. This article fills the gap and is unique in that it analyses existing CSR practices and offers guidance to business organisations. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility; Company Performance; Sustainability; Circular Economy; Hospitality industries
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Liverant, Bettina. "The Incorporation of Philanthropy: Negotiating Tensions Between Capitalism and Altruism in Twentieth Century Canada." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 20, no. 1 (May 25, 2010): 191–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039787ar.
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Abstract Exploring the intersection points of institutionalized philanthropy and the Canadian corporation in periods of rising capital concentration, this paper demonstrates how changes in business approaches to charitable donation mirror larger transformations in corporate capitalism and organization, and the subsequent migration of these structures and mentalities to the charitable sector. In the first phase, at the turn of the last century, philanthropic practices came to be structured along corporate/professional models, with a new insistence that charities be well managed, fiscally responsible, and scientific in approach. In the postwar period, the expansion of corporate power was accompanied by the incorporation of philanthropic norms within capitalism. During this period, the logic of investment intensified and became increasingly explicit. Programs of donations were developed strategically for their potential to benefit business as well as the community. Corporate philanthropy evolved from a discretionary to an expected practice, offering visible testimony of business commitment to social responsibility.
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Seck, Sara L. "Canadian Mining Internationally and the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 49 (2012): 51–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800010328.
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SummaryBetween 2005 and 2011, there was much debate, both within Canada and at the United Nations (UN), over what role home states should play in the regulation and adjudication of human rights harms associated with transnational corporate conduct. In Canada, this debate focused upon concerns related to global mining that led to a series of government, opposition and multi-stakeholder reports and proposals. These culminated in 2010 with the appointment of an Extractive Sector Corporate Social Responsibility Counsellor and the defeat of Bill C-300, An Act Respecting Corporate Accountability for the Activities of Mining, Oil or Gas in Developing Countries. Meanwhile, at the UN Human Rights Commission/Council, John G. Ruggie was appointed Special Representative to the UN Secretary-General on Business and Human Rights (SRSG). Ruggie’s work led to the 2008Protect, Respect and Remedy: A Framework for Business and Human Rightsand the 2011Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights(the latter designed to “operationalize” the former). While both documents highlight state duties to protect against human rights violations by businesses and the need for access to remedies by victims, the role of home states in this regard was contested. This article compares the developments in Canada between 2005 and 2011 with the work of the SRSG in relation to the home state duty to protect human rights in the transnational corporate context. It also offers reflections on the implications of the inevitability of industry and industry lawyer participation for the development of home state legal obligations.
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Maryama, Siti. "Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan (CSR) Dalam Perspektif Regulasi (Studi: Indonesia, Belanda dan Kanada)." Liquidity 2, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32546/lq.v2i2.121.
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This article aims to understand the concept of CSR is implemented in many countries, particularly Indonesia, the Netherlands and Canada. Although these countries do not have the specific regulations governing the application of CSR by companies, but the They positioned CSR as an obligation to do. CSR in Indonesia is set in some of the rules, such as the limited liability laws, state laws, laws on investment, and is regulated in others. While in the Netherlands is set in CSR Netherlands. While in Canada formed CBSR (Canadian Business for Social Responsibility) as the government's commitment to the importance of CSR. From the concept of CSR undertaken by these countries, CSR has the same goal of good relations between companies, communities, and the environment.
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Ptashnick, Melita, and Daniyal Zuberi. "Certifying voluntary living wage employers." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 35, no. 9/10 (September 8, 2015): 618–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-09-2014-0070.
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Purpose – Living wage campaigns are popular responses to counter increasing inequality in advanced industrial countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine how voluntary living wage employer certification engages business in multi-sectoral coalitions to reduce poverty. Design/methodology/approach – The authors utilize qualitative interviews with 30 members of a living wage employer certification program in Vancouver, Canada as a case study to explore campaign participation by the business community and business case outcomes. Findings – Certifying voluntary living wage employers engaged business community members as partners and advocates in a living wage campaign. Certified living wage employers fulfilled business case projections for worker compensation fairness, human resource improvements and corporate branding advantages. Research limitations/implications – The study focussed on the early stages of a living wage employer certification program. As the number of living wage certification programs and ordinances grows, future research would benefit from examining how different social policy contexts in other Canadian and international regions affects whether these two avenues support one another or one avenue becomes favoured. Originality/value – Most studies of living wage campaigns have not dealt with how voluntary employer certification programs affect campaign participation and outcomes. The approach the authors adopt in the case takes into account the role of voluntary employer certification programs on campaign participation by the business community and business case outcomes. The study findings are of value to businesses, activists and policy analysts, who engage in or study corporate social responsibility initiatives to facilitate the creation of “good jobs” that provide family sustaining wages and benefits, particularly to lower-tier workers.
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Noseworthy, T. W. "Canada Deserves a National Health System." Healthcare Management Forum 10, no. 1 (April 1997): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)61152-0.
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A defining — some would say peculiar — feature about Canada and Canadians is the strong position that we give social programs within our national identity. FORUM presents an essay by Dr. Thomas Noseworthy based on an address to the annual meeting of the Association of Canadian Medical Colleges in April 1996. In it, Dr. Noseworthy calls for a national health system. He sees the federal government retaining an important role in preserving medicare and, in fact, strengthening its powers in maintaining national consistency and standards. Dr. Noseworthy's views are contrary to the governmental decentralization and devolution of powers occurring across the country. In a “point/counterpoint” exchange on this issue, we have invited commentaries from three experts. Raisa Deber leads off by noting that while a national health system may be desirable, constitutional provisions would be an obstacle. Governments, says Deber, have an inherent conflict of interest between their responsibility for maintaining the health care system and their desire to shift costs. Michael Rachlis reminds us that medicare fulfills important economic as well as social objectives. It helps to support Canada's business competitiveness among other nations. The problem, says Rachlis, is that public financing of health care does not ensure an efficient delivery system. Michael Walker offers some reality orientation. He observes that Canada's health care system is based upon ten public insurance schemes with widely different attributes. While he supports a minimum standard of health care across the country, citizens should be able to purchase private medical insurance and have access to a parallel private health care delivery system. Ultimately, this debate is about who should control social programs: the provinces or the federal government? We'll let you, the readers, decide. — RRS
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Kostyuk, Alexander. "Editorial: From cross-country to multi-disciplinary research in corporate governance." Corporate Ownership and Control 19, no. 4 (2022): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv19i4editorial.
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The recent issue of the journal has been composed of the papers which are mostly empirical and contribute new ideas to the major issues of corporate governance such as board of directors, chief executive officer (CEO) pay, shareholder activism, accounting, auditing, social responsibility, family firms, firm performance, social capital in corporate governance, etc. We are pleased to inform you that scholars from many countries of the world are authors of these papers. They represent the USA, Canada, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, New Zealand, Hong Kong, India, Tunisia, etc. This makes the recent issue of the journal very interesting for the readers. These papers provide a solid contribution to the previous research by Abbadi, Abuaddous, and Alwashah (2021), Kostyuk, Mozghovyi, and Govorun (2018), Cranmer (2017), Santen and Donker (2009), Guerra, Fischmann, and Machado Filho (2008).
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Rubin, Amir. "Diversification and corporate decisions." Corporate Ownership and Control 3, no. 3 (2006): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv3i3c1p6.
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Much of the empirical and theoretical work in corporate finance regards the assumption that shareholders want to maximize the value of the firm’s equity. However, most shareholders (at least in the US, UK and Canada) are well diversified and care about their portfolio value, and not the value of any particular firm. Corporate policies that encourage managers to maximize equity value may be suboptimal for these diversified shareholders. This study shows how various issues are significantly affected by shareholders’ diversification. These issues are: (1) the monitoring role of the board of directors; (2) the rationale behind corporate social responsibility, (3) the optimality of capital budgeting decisions, and; (4) the objective of executive compensation policies
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D. Larson, Paul, and Matthew Morris. "Sex and salary." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 19, no. 4 (June 3, 2014): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-08-2013-0268.
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Purpose – This paper aims to develop and test hypotheses on determinants of supply chain managers’ salaries. While women make up about half the workforce, there is evidence in the trade press that they receive far less than half of the compensation. Sex of the manager and size of his or her organization are among the predictors of salary. Design/methodology/approach – The hypotheses are tested using regression analysis of data from a survey of supply chain managers in Canada. This technique enables testing for a gender effect, while controlling for the effects of other factors. Findings – Seven variables are found to be significant predictors of supply chain manager salaries. Smaller companies pay lower salaries. Small business supply chain/logistics managers working longer hours with a professional designation, more experience, greater budgetary responsibility and greater share of compensation coming as a bonus earn higher salaries. Finally, male small business supply chain managers earn more than their female counterparts. Research limitations/implications – The piece includes a discussion of limitations and future research opportunities into the gender salary gap. Practical implications – There are implications for small businesses wanting to hire supply chain managers, and for female (and male) managers looking for work. Social implications – This paper presents evidence of possible gender discrimination against half the population. The potential social implications are tremendous. Originality/value – This is a unique piece of research in testing theory-driven hypotheses about supply chain salaries, especially by including gender and organizational size as predictors.
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Shantz, J. "48. MD/MBA: A useful combination in Canadian specialty medicine?" Clinical & Investigative Medicine 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i4.2808.
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The practice of medicine has changed greatly in the face of rapidly changing technology, limited or controlled funding and heightened patient expectations. In the early 1990s curricula for the management education of residents appeared. The Social Needs Working Group identified competencies grouped under the manager role as a major weakness of residency training in Canada. Recent graduates in the United States and Canada found they were unprepared for the increased responsibility of office management, contract negotiation and healthcare administration.
The popularity of masters degrees in business administration (MBA) has grown exponentially. At the same time the number of medical professionals completing MBAs in Canada is still small by comparison, as opposed to the United States where MD-MBAs are more prevalent. The utility of MBAs is still in question in Canada. The effects on practice patterns of Canadian residents completing an MBA is also unknown.
The following workshop aims to allow participants to experience the format of case-based learning applied in many MBA programs. The cases will also highlight the unique approach a business mind can bring to current issues within medicine. The usefulness of an MBA will also be explored through small group exercises and testimonials. The process of applying to and funding this degree will be elaborated.
Frank RA. Practice management education--are residency programs properly preparing physicians for the 21st Century? College review - Denver, Colo. 1993 (Fall); 10(2):22-47.
Gill JB, Schutt RC, Jr. Practice management education in orthopaedic surgical residencies. The Journal of bone and joint surgery 2007; Jan; 89(1):216-9.
Parekh SG, Singh B. An MBA: the utility and effect on physicians' careers. The Journal of bone and joint surgery 2007 (Feb); 89(2):442-7.
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Fairhurst, Sean E. D., and Zoë Thoms. "Post-Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co.: Is Canada Poised to Become an Alternative Jurisdiction for Extraterritorial Human Rights Litigation?" Alberta Law Review 52, no. 2 (January 5, 2015): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr6.
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The globalization of business affects the lives of citizens around the globe, both positively and negatively. With multinational corporations transcending national boundaries with their business operations comes the risk of adverse human rights impacts, particularly in regions of the world with high conflict, instability, and low governmental capacity. The risk of human rights violations has led to an increased emphasis on corporate social responsibility measures at industry, national, and international levels. One such protective measure includes statutory grants of jurisdiction to courts to adjudicate claims brought by foreign nationals alleging wrongdoings abroad in the defendant’s home jurisdiction. This measure allows foreign plaintiffs who have suffered abuse at the hands of a multinational corporation in their home jurisdiction to seek justice and compensation from that corporate defendant in the jurisdiction where the corporation’s assets are located and where the system of law is well-equipped to redress the violations. This article first explores the United States’ Alien Tort Statute and the seminal case of Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. to illustrate the potential scope of extraterritorial human rights litigation in America. Then the article canvasses recent human rights litigation brought by foreign nationals in Canada and concludes with the future of Canadian law in this area.
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McNeish, Joanne E. "Retail Signage During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Interdisciplinary Journal of Signage and Wayfinding 4, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2470-9670.2020.v4.i2.a64.
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Early in 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic began to impact countries across the world. Within weeks, people’s normal social behavior had to be changed in order to stop the spread of the disease. In Canada, where this study takes place, governments and public health departments were the primary and trusted information sources. Photographs of retail signs were taken by the author in one neighborhood in a major Canadian city in March and April. Along with descriptive information, the author speculates on the meaning conveyed by the printer-paper signs, beyond their traditional role of supporting wayfinding. Paper’s relative fragility may have simultaneously reflected the uncertainty that people felt in the early days of the pandemic, while its familiar and timeless presence may have provided a sense of emotional security and direction. Marking a return to “business as usual”, stores replaced many, but not all of the informal signs with professionally produced and branded signs suggesting that the early “blind panic” had been replaced by a form of “steady state”. One could say that retailers demonstrated corporate social responsibility through their efforts in creating and posting the signs to create awareness of, educate, and reinforce the new and changing social distancing behaviors.
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Mooney, Robyn. "Personality, belief in a just world, and attitudes toward criminal responsibility defenses: a preliminary study." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-09-2017-0028.
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Purpose In Canada, if it can be proven that a defendant was suffering from a mental disorder at the time they committed an offense, they can be found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD). These cases are often decided by jury. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the dark triad (DT), social dominance orientation (SDO) and belief in a just world (BJW) on undergraduate students’ attitudes toward the NCRMD defense. Design/methodology/approach A total of 421 undergraduate students completed questionnaires measuring SDO and the DT. After being primed for high, low or neutral BJW, they indicated their attitudes toward NCRMD. Findings The BJW manipulation had no effect on attitudes. High-SDO/DT participants held less favorable attitudes toward NCRMD than participants who scored low on these variables, F(1, 420)=20.65, p<0.01, η p 2 = 0.05 . Psychology and criminology students had significantly more favorable attitudes toward NCRMD than business students. Practical implications This study can be helpful in improving jury impartiality in trials involving mental illness and criminal responsibility; assessment of SDO and the DT; awareness of career roles relating to insanity defense bias; and improving the voir dire process. Originality/value The results of this study may be used to improve the voir dire process in trials involving the issue of mental illness and criminal responsibility and to preserve the impartiality of the jurors selected for these trials.
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Wu, Sihong, Di Fan, and Yiyi Su. "The Co-Evolution of Global Legitimation and Technology Upgrading: The Case of Huawei." American Business Review 24, no. 2 (November 2021): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37625/abr.24.2.147-172.
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This study explores the underlying relationship between acquisition of global legitimacy and the search for technology upgrading by Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs). Using Huawei’s investment in Russia, Kenya, the United Kingdom and Canada as an in-depth case study, we observe that through corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in foreign markets and engaging with local community, Chinese MNEs can acquire global legitimacy and gradually catch up with industry leaders. However, the process of global legitimation and innovation continues to evolve. We find that, together with engaging in CSR activities, acquisition of sophisticated knowledge and creation of innovation bring more legitimacy challenges to these firms. Thus, we suggest that Chinese MNEs’ global legitimation and innovation processes are closely coupled and mutually influential, resulting in co-evolution.
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Pasko, Oleh, Fuli Chen, Alvina Oriekhova, Alina Brychko, and Iryna Shalyhina. "Mapping the Literature on Sustainability Reporting: A Bibliometric Analysis Grounded in Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n1p303.
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Sustainability reporting has become an increasingly common practice among companies around the globe as around 90% of the world’s 250 largest companies from Fortune 500 prepare and publish its sustainability reporting. Aiming to help researchers to grasp the intellectual landscape of global research on sustainable reporting, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace software by applying evaluative and relational techniques to 928 articles published in 480 different journals in Scopus and 698 articles published in 374 different journals in Web of Science Core Collection from 1981 to 2020. Our findings indicate that the number of articles published in the field has increased rapidly, especially since 2009. We identified the leading countries (the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Canada, the Netherlands and Italy), the most prolific journals (Journal of Cleaner Production, Business Strategy and the Environment, Journal of Business Ethics), main journals categories (Business, Economics, Management and Finance, Environmental and Ecology and Science, Technology and Engineering), and the major research directions in the near future (sustainability reporting, corporate social responsibility, sustainable development, disclosure). From our findings we infer that the sustainability reporting research has just recently (2013-2019) gained traction in the literature. Moreover, our findings testify that a kind of bifurcation point has occurred is 2011 that manifests the maturity of the field of sustainability reporting. All this provides the reader with a high-view look at sustainable reporting as these quantitative findings complementing qualitative and providing valuable insights into the field.
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Dodds, Rachel, Michelle Novotny, and Sylvie Harper. "Shaping our perception of reality: sustainability communication by Canadian festivals." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 11, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-03-2020-0012.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the extent of online communication by festivals regarding their sustainability practices using Cultivation Theory as the framework to determine perceived value creation.Design/methodology/approachA mixed method approach was utilized to achieve data triangulation through a content analysis of websites, content analysis of social media sites as well as interviews.FindingsFindings indicated that 64% of festivals did not communicate any sustainable practices through their websites and only 6% communicated via social media. The most common sustainability practices communicated were waste management and sustainable transportation, yet few festivals engaged in effective, consistent and sufficient marketing of initiatives to festivalgoers. Best practice festivals (having communicated 5.47 initiatives or more) were found to have been significantly more likely than non-best practice festivals to be music festivals and have been in operation longer. Best practice festivals were also more likely than non-best practice festivals to have sustainability engrained into their corporate philosophy via a communicated sustainable vision and mission. Interviews revealed that most festivals did not have a designated role responsible for all sustainable initiatives and the responsibility was often taken on by volunteers or festival organizers. Festival organizers that communicated sustainability initiatives efficiently, consistently, and sufficiently perceived these efforts to benefit the festivals value amongst festivalgoers and host communities. Propensity to communicate sustainability initiatives was found to have been impacted by awareness, categorization, timing, policy and funding.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the findings are limited to the country of Canada and the extent of communication on websites and social media platforms as well as those festivals who participated, interviews helped to overcome these limitations as they gained an understanding of what was undertaken but not necessarily communicated.Practical implicationsThe findings generated from this study could be used as a guide for establishing a benchmark for festivals regarding sustainable communication as well as strategies for overall corporate responsibility. Content regarding sustainability at festivals is scarce, as is information on festival communication. As a result, this paper seeks to understand the sustainable initiatives that are being communicated by festivals.Originality/valueThis is the first time Cultivation Theory was used within a tourism context and may be a useful tool to determine value creation. Through Cultivation Theory, festival organizers believed to have the ability to impact perceived value of the festival by implementing efficient, consistent and sufficient communication of sustainability initiatives.
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Lavrysh, Yuliana. "INDIVIDUALIZATION OF LEARNING IN CANADIAN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND WAYS OF IMPLEMENTATION." Science and Education 2020, no. 2 (June 2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2020-2-11.
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The corporations perceive human capital as the greatest potential for competitive advantage, and staff training as a prerequisite for achieving the company’s strategic aim since business success and market competitiveness directly depend on the ability of employees to provide life long learning. In the context of searching the ways of optimizing this process, the aim of our study is to determine the features and opportunities for the development of individualization of learning by means of information and communication technologies in multinational corporations in Canada in order to use their experience in Ukrainian higher education. The set of interrelated general scientific research methods was used to achieve this goal: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, systematization, which were used to study the scientific literature, programs and corporate training courses in multinational corporations in Canada. Analysis of training in Canadian multinational corporations shows that the use of the advanced information and communication technologies in independent non-formal learning, including mobile learning, social networks, Massive Open Online Courses, electronic coaching, corporate blogs, gamification, wikis, etc., contributes to the deepening of individualization of training, and the practice of employee’s independent planning and implementation of his/her learning process is becoming more common. The study concludes that individualization is an important aspect of training in Canadian multinational corporations. The basis of individualization of learning is self-direction, autonomy of students, their willingness to take responsibility for planning and implementation of all stages of their learning.
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Adhikari, Bam Bahadur. "Steps Taken for Development of Home Stay Tourism in Nepal." NUTA Journal 7, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2020): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nutaj.v7i1-2.39928.
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Home stay tourism which had formally started in 1988 in form of different variety and services, is still in operation in many countries of today's world in different forms and is being operated as an important campaign to bring economic and social transformations. Home stay is being utilized as a business sector to make investments and generate income in developed countries whereas it is emphasized as a platform for production of local goods and generating employment in developing countries. Developed countries have been making huge investments in home stay and see it as a platform for business and entertainment, whereas it is being operated in different manner in developing countries. In developed countries like America, Europe, Australia, Canada etc, home stay is taken as a tool for earning high income. Developed countries emphasize on internal facilities which add to the attraction of outer environment while identifying the tourists' nature and objective and provide similar facilities. They provide required facilities for food, accommodation, studying, playing, yoga, capacity building and providing training to draw the attention of tourists. The responsibility has come upon the shoulders of related representative organizations and tourism professionals to develop home stay business as a sustainable, good quality and target based tourism. In this context, Nepalese government should develop the concept of home stay tourism in planned manner and identify its vast possibilities. It is important to have the proper direction and helpful role from the government of Nepal in home stay tourism sector which has been developing in rural areas of Nepal, along with the proper management rules and guidelines from the government's side. This article focuses in the business related to home stay and prioritizes the promotional, managerial and developmental aspects of this tourism business in Nepal.
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Singh, Jang B. "Changes in the contents of corporate codes of ethics: an institutional interpretation." European Business Review 27, no. 4 (June 8, 2015): 369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-11-2014-0078.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to examine changes in the contents of Canadian corporate codes of ethics over a period of two decades from an institutionalization perspective. Design/methodology/approach – The paper tracks changes in the contents of the codes of large Canadian corporations longitudinally by analyzing their contents at two points over two decades, in 1992 and 2012. In particular, the paper tests three hypotheses related to the institutionalization of codes. Findings – It was found that the codes have become more prescriptive, they are more concerned with social responsibility and are more likely to identify their moral and legal authority. Overall, the findings support an institutional interpretation of the observed changes. Research limitations/implications – While large corporations are critical in establishing new and innovative management practices, their selection as the study population limits the generalizabilty of the findings. Another limitation of this paper is that it used an a priori determined set of items to analyze the contents of the codes and while this was needed to facilitate the comparison across time, it also meant that some important items were not clearly identified. Originality/value – Codes of ethics are the foundation of ethics programs in corporations and their contents could be critical in the development of a culture of ethics in corporations. This paper makes a valuable contribution to research on business ethics by analyzing the codes of ethics of the largest corporations in Canada at two points over two decades. The need to track changes in corporate codes of ethics over time has been advocated by several researchers, but longitudinal studies in this area are rare.
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Sekulić, Gordana, Dragan Kovačević, Damir Vrbić, Vladislav Veselica, and Dominik Kovačević. "STRATEGIC ROLE OF OIL PIPELINES IN EU ENERGY SUPPLY." Journal of Energy - Energija 68, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/20196816.
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The oil pipelines have a strategic importance in the energy supply of the European Union (EU), especially given the fact that in the next two decades the crude oil will continue to be a dominant energy source, accounting for approx. 30% of the primary energy consumption, along with a reduction in the petroleum product consumption and growth in renewables.
Europe has a widespread network of oil pipelines of approx. 22,5 thousand kilometres (without Russia), connecting refineries to import oil ports or to land-based crude oil sources. The refineries of the Central Eastern Europe are supplied mainly from the Druzhba oil pipeline. Recently, these refineries have diversified their crude oil supply routes and sources, by sea imports from the North Sea, the Middle East, Canada and others (Poland) or by the TAL – IKL oil pipelines (Czech Republic) and the JANAF oil pipeline (Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic). Given the insufficient diversification of crude oil supply precisely of the Central Eastern European region, particularly the landlocked countries (and refineries respectively), the EU has envisaged, among the projects of common interests, also six connection oil pipelines with terminals. At the same time, they are the only pipelines planned to be constructed in Europe and financed by the oil companies’ funds.
The oil pipeline and storage companies, as well as other oil companies, have a social responsibility as regards the energy supply, yet also a responsibility as regards their successful performance and development, thus investing considerable funds into modernisations, upgrades, protection, safety and security, etc. The oil pipeline companies hastily modify their strategies by expanding business and becoming more and more transport-storage-energy oriented, and by investing in the flow reversal of oil pipelines and connection pipelines, storage capacities, as well as in enhancement of efficiency and flexibility of oil pipeline and storage infrastructures.
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Foster, Jason. "From “Canadians First” to “Workers Unite”: Evolving Union Narratives of Migrant Workers." Articles 69, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 241–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025028ar.
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Summary Federal government policy changes in the early 2000s led to the rapid expansion of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker (TFW) Program by increasing the number of eligible occupations. Before the expansion few trade unions in Canada had interaction with TFWs, but with the new rules, and the high profile political debate that ensued, unions were forced to confront the issue of migrant workers directly for the first time. Using narrative analysis, the paper examines media statements from union officials between 2006 to 2012 to track the narratives constructed by unions regarding TFWs. It finds three temporally sequential narrative arcs: 1-prioritizing of Canadian workers’ interests and portrayal of TFWs as employer pawns; 2-TFWs as vulnerable workers needing union advocacy for their employment and human rights; and 3-post-economic crisis conflicted efforts to integrate Canadian and TFW interests. The changing narratives reflect evolving union reaction to the issue of growing use of TFWs, as well as interaction with external political and economic contexts shaping the issue. The study examines how unions understand challenging new issues. The results suggest union discourses are shaped by the tension between internal pressures and external contexts. They also suggest that leaders’ responsibility to represent members can sometimes clash with unions’ broader values of social justice. Unions build internal value structures that inform their understanding of an issue, but they must also reflect members’ demands and concerns, even if those concerns may not reflect social justice values. The case study reveals the line between “business union” and “social union” philosophy is fluid, contested and context dependent. The paper also links union narratives of TFWs in this contemporary setting to labour’s historical attitude toward immigration and race, finding elements of both continuity and disruption.
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Crocetti, Alessandro Connor, Beau Cubillo (Larrakia), Mark Lock (Ngiyampaa), Troy Walker (Yorta Yorta), Karen Hill (Torres Strait Islander), Fiona Mitchell (Mununjali), Yin Paradies (Wakaya), Kathryn Backholer, and Jennifer Browne. "The commercial determinants of Indigenous health and well-being: a systematic scoping review." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 11 (November 2022): e010366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010366.
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IntroductionHealth inequity within Indigenous populations is widespread and underpinned by colonialism, dispossession and oppression. Social and cultural determinants of Indigenous health and well-being are well described. Despite emerging literature on the commercial determinants of health, the health and well-being impacts of commercial activities for Indigenous populations is not well understood. We aimed to identify, map and synthesise the available evidence on the commercial determinants of Indigenous health and well-being.MethodsFive academic databases (MEDLINE Complete, Global Health APAPsycInfo, Environment Complete and Business Source Complete) and grey literature (Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Google Scholar, Google) were systematically searched for articles describing commercial industry activities that may influence health and well-being for Indigenous peoples in high-income countries. Data were extracted by Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers and narratively synthesised.Results56 articles from the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Norway and Sweden were included, 11 of which were editorials/commentaries. The activities of the extractive (mining), tobacco, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, alcohol and gambling industries were reported to impact Indigenous populations. Forty-six articles reported health-harming commercial practices, including exploitation of Indigenous land, marketing, lobbying and corporate social responsibility activities. Eight articles reported positive commercial industry activities that may reinforce cultural expression, cultural continuity and Indigenous self-determination. Few articles reported Indigenous involvement across the study design and implementation.ConclusionCommercial industry activities contribute to health and well-being outcomes of Indigenous populations. Actions to reduce the harmful impacts of commercial activities on Indigenous health and well-being and future empirical research on the commercial determinants of Indigenous health, should be Indigenous led or designed in collaboration with Indigenous peoples.
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Caron, Marie-Andrée, and Anne Fortin. "Accountants' construction of CSR competencies and commitment." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 5, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 172–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-03-2013-0013.
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Purpose – The article's main purpose is to investigate the relationship between organizational and professional commitment and accountants' construction of corporate social responsibility (CSR) competencies. Design/methodology/approach – A survey of accounting professionals in Canada (chief financial officers/finance directors) was conducted to ask them about their organization's CSR position, their openness to CSR, involvement in related activities, the codified knowledge they use and their organizational and professional commitment. Findings – The results show the dominance of normative commitment to the profession or organization and its relationship with professional CSR training. Professional CSR training and organizational and other CSR training activities are also related to the professional's openness to CSR. Research limitations/implications – The study's main limitation is the small number of participants. Future research is needed to investigate the conditions under which normative commitment is developed. Practical implications – The results make a practical contribution by suggesting that organizations seeking to involve accounting professionals in CSR activities might want to consider encouraging them to get CSR training using professional resources because of its link to both forms of normative commitment. Further, the findings indicate that the profession could integrate CSR issues more extensively in its accreditation process to enhance its role as a resource provider in the construction of accountants' CSR competencies. Originality/value – To the authors' knowledge, the study is the first one to investigate the relationship between organizational and professional commitment and accountants' construction of CSR competencies.
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Babin, Ron, Brian Nicholson, and Megan Young. "Indigena Solutions, Tensions in an Aboriginal IT Impact Sourcing Firm." Journal of Global Information Management 28, no. 2 (April 2020): 202–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2020040109.
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This paper explores the role of cultural tensions in the operations of an Information Technology Impact Sourcing (ITIS) venture called Indigena Solutions. The company was based in Vancouver Canada and was intended to provide meaningful careers to a marginalized group, namely Canadian Indigenous Peoples. The company provided on-shore IT services such as help-desk support and software testing. With the support of Accenture and with initial success at high profile clients such as BC Hydro and Vancouver City Trust, the company lasted about seven years. Indigena was declared bankrupt in 2017. This research demonstrates the cultural tensions inherent in creating an Impact Sourcing venture, with challenges of location, the inability to attract Indigenous workers to a non-traditional career, and the underlying challenge of structural racism, despite the recognized social responsibility and commitment to help a marginalized group. The research was designed as a case study using an interpretive approach. The originality of this research rests on the exploration of why Impact Sourcing in a developed country failed to meet the needs of the marginalized Indigenous Peoples community. This research contributes to the body of work that explains tensions inherent in ITIS. Practitioners may find this research valuable as they consider the challenges of establishing and successfully operating an ITIS firm.
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Moon, Jeremy. "Business Social Responsibility." Philosophy of Management 1, no. 3 (2001): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pom2001135.
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Crowther, David, and Christina Reis. "Social responsibility or social business?" Social Business 1, no. 2 (August 26, 2011): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/204440811x593045.
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Spence, Laura J. "Small Business Social Responsibility." Business & Society 55, no. 1 (April 25, 2014): 23–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650314523256.
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Charlebois, Sylvain, Brian Sterling, and Paul Medeiros. "Perceptions and Plans of Canadian Food and Beverage Businesses Regarding Cannabis as a Food Ingredient." International Journal of Industrial Marketing 4, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijim.v4i1.14470.
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Cannabis-infused consumables may become a fact of life in Canada by the end of 2019 and, according to this study, food companies are already seriously considering their options for entering the cannabis-infused consumables market. Food and beverage businesses continuously search for growth; new products using cannabis as an ingredient are seen by many as a fresh market that is going to open significant opportunities for growth and earnings.This study does not look at the functional effects of cannabis, but rather food processors’ perceptions and plans regarding cannabis as a food ingredient once it is legalized. It explores several dimensions, including perceived risks associated with this embryonic sector, what those risks specifically might be, and any sense of competitive urgency that they may feel. Combined with a similar examination of Canadian consumer attitudes to cannabis consumables, published in January 2018 (Charlebois, Simogyi, & Sterling, 2018), the two reports provide a unique view of the potential opportunities, hazards, and impediments in this new market sector.A total of 294 food and beverage firms were surveyed in August 2018. Just under 40% of these organizations say they support legalization of cannabis-infused products, while a substantial minority (41%) are ambivalent. Over 65% of responding companies are concerned about the risks edibles represent to children and young adults. That said, 16.4% of surveyed companies confirmed that they are either planning to launch a product as soon as edibles are legal, or are already serving a market with such a product. The most commonly stated reason for not entering the cannabis consumables market is that cannabis is not compatible with their current product line. A general lack of understanding of cannabinoids was the second most popular reason given.The results highlight how just risk-adverse Canadian food industry leaders currently are regarding cannabis. Liability risks (47.1%) and reputational risks (20.1%) are cited as significant deterrents to entering the cannabis-infused consumables market. Other hazards include the lack of regulatory clarity, training of front-line staff, the residual social stigma of cannabis itself, questions about supply chain reliability, and the need for different, tamper-proof packaging.Plainly, regulatory questions remain top-of-mind for most company officials. Food and beverage firms say they are awaiting regulatory guidance as a condition of their plans. Respondents also state that governments are likely the key resource that they would employ during product and strategy development. More than 30% of respondents say governments are their primary choice, followed by their own internal resources. And 45.5% see government bearing the chief responsibility for addressing cannabis-infused edibles issues.At the time of this writing, Health Canada has said it expects to begin industry consultations concerning cannabis consumables early in 2019. Until then, based on this survey’s results, we perhaps should expect enthusiastic, yet limited, interest related to these products.
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Marinova, Nadia. "Business Ethics and Social Responsibility." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, Suppl.1 (2019): 586–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.093.
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There is still no universal approach to marketing ethics. However, it is an important factor in encouraging marketing decisions that are acceptable to the company as well as being beneficial to society. Social responsibility in marketing refers to the organization's duty to maximize its positive influence and minimize the negative impact on society. Because if ethics refers to moral values that guide decision-making by individuals, social responsibility affects the influence of the organization's decisions and society in general.
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Bergant, Živko. "Social Responsibility and Business Excellence." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 8, no. 1 (2021): 073–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.81.11.
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Vittenberg, Evgeniy Ya. "Social Responsibility: Government and Business." Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika 4, no. 3 (2016): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2016.4.3.4578.
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Bryantseva, Marina Vitalyevna. "Corporate social responsibility of business." Science in figures, no. 3 (4) (September 5, 2017): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-463584.
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Yerniyazova, А., and Zh Smailova. "CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS." REPORTS 4, no. 326 (August 15, 2019): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2019.2518-1483.119.
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Tauyekelova, T. B., and G. O. Abdikerova. "BUSINESS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: THEORETICAL OVERVIEW." BULLETIN Series of Sociological and Political sciences 73, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-1.1728-8940.28.
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The main issue discussed in the article is the social responsibility of business. The article provides various definitions of the category of social responsibility. The concept of "social responsibility of business" is a multilevel and complex category. Responsibility includes ethical categories such as morality, duty and charity.The article examines the theoretical aspects of scientific approaches to corporate social responsibility, analyzes classical and modern scientific theories and concepts. The factors influencing the growing importance of corporate social responsibility in society, issues related to the role of business in the formation of a voluntary society are considered.
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Randerson, Kathleen. "Conceptualizing family business social responsibility." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 174 (January 2022): 121225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121225.
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Malhan, R. C. "GDP and Business Social Responsibility." Review of Professional Management- A Journal of New Delhi Institute of Management 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20968/rpm/2009/v7/i2/100885.
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Spoerl, J. S. "The Social Responsibility of Business." American Journal of Jurisprudence 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajj/42.1.277.
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Krause, Bob. "The social responsibility of business." Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies 6, no. 1 (January 1985): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560054.1985.9652946.
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Macshane, Denis. "Global business and social responsibility." New Political Economy 1, no. 2 (July 1996): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563469608406257.
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VanAuken, Philip M., and R. Duane Ireland. "TRUE SMALL BUSINESS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY." Policy Studies Journal 13, no. 4 (June 1985): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1985.tb01617.x.
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Branco, Manuel Castelo, and Catarina Delgado. "Business, social responsibility, and corruption." Journal of Public Affairs 12, no. 4 (April 18, 2012): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pa.1426.
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Hertz, Ellen. "Corporate Social Responsibility." Journal of Legal Anthropology 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jla.2020.040207.
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‘The business of business is business,’ Milton Friedman, a leading figure of the Chicago School of economic thought, famously declaimed. In his 1970 article, ‘The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits’, he argued that corporate managers who factor social and environmental considerations into their decision-making are, in effect, ‘imposing taxes . . . and deciding how the tax proceeds shall be spent’. By deviating from their organizational duties—maximizing profits for the companies that employ them—they are appropriating money owed to shareholders and allocating it to broader social causes, a function that resembles government. Friedman objects to this behavior not on economic or legal but on political grounds: managers have not been elected and there are no principled procedures for determining which causes to support beyond ‘general exhortations from on high’ (Friedman 1970: 17). He also expresses scepticism about ‘hypocritical window-dressing’, concluding: ‘our institutions, and the attitudes of the public make it in their self-interest to cloak their actions in this way’ (Friedman 1970: 17).
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Horn, Oliver. "The Great Resignation: stopping the 'bleed'." Hospitality Insights 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v5i2.111.
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As hospitality businesses open up ‘post-pandemic’, the unavailability of qualified staff has become one of the biggest obstacles to businesses’ ability to take maximum advantage of the pent-up desire and need for travel.
A study published by McKinsey in September 2021 under the headline “Great attrition or great attraction? The choice is yours”1 verbalised and quantified for the first time something that the hospitality industry around the globe is experiencing as businesses start their return to the ‘next normal’. The article explained in detail a mindset that has become commonplace both for employers and employees, and that will be troubling the industry for a while if not properly addressed.
When Covid first brought the world to a standstill, the hospitality industry was one of the first and worst hit. Business came to a halt; many hotels and restaurants closed or decreased staffing levels as much as possible in order to cut expenses. In the developed world, this was done with the help of government programmes so that employees could access some kind of safety net. In developing countries, these safety nets often did not/do not exist. Many employers were ruthless, simply telling staff that they were no longer needed. ‘Thanks’ to many governments calling Covid-19 a “force majeure”, employers got around paying legally required compensation for terminating employees at short notice. Many of our colleagues, expatriate and local, found themselves literally ‘on the street’ within weeks of the pandemic ravaging the industry.
Employers’ social responsibility to the communities in which they do business was one of the first victims of the pandemic. The understanding that “our staff is our most valuable asset” turned into pure semantics.
Today, as these businesses celebrate that they are opening again, there is a surprising level of surprise among the most callous of employers that now they can’t find staff. The industry will have to come up with new ways of working if they want to attract colleagues back – the loss of trust and goodwill will have serious repercussions. To ‘make good’ on their actions, employers need to first understand how much they broke – initial observations show that they have not even started to understand what they did.
What about people still employed? Shouldn’t they be lucky to still have a job? In the McKinsey study, 40% of participants who were still employed answered that they were at least somewhat likely to leave their job in the next 3–6 months; 64% of these claimed that they are planning to leave without a new job lined up.
At the core of this is, I believe (and the study suggests), is a general disconnect between what employees are looking for and what employers think that employees are looking for. The pandemic has sent many of us into a survival mode, forcing actions that were purely transactional. Yet the hospitality industry, at its core, depends on people who care for others. Employers need to ask employees questions that show they care and rebuild the trust that has been lost due to their actions when the pandemic hit.
As a member of a Vietnamese investment group that did exactly the opposite, that held on to employees at substantial cost to the enterprise and with employees at all levels ‘chipping in’ through unpaid leave to help keep everyone employed, I know first-hand that this has built a substantial amount of trust and our levels of attrition are substantially below the market average as other businesses reopen. Asking the right questions, listening to the answers and consistently responding with empathy and tangible action, not words, will be key to our success.
Corresponding author
Oliver Horn can be contacted at: Oliver.Horn@ihg.com
Note
McKinsey & Company, September 8, 2021, study conducted with 4,294 participants in the US, UK, Australia, Singapore and Canada. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/great-attrition-or-great-attraction-the-choice-is-yours