Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social relevances'

This study explores the peer group understandings of five male friends between the ages of six and eight years and seeks to examine the ways in which the group’s social dynamics interact to define, regulate and maintain dominant and collective understandings of masculinities. Within a self-selected affinity context, and drawing on their lived and imagined experiences, the boys’ enact and interpret their social worlds. Adopting the principles of ethnography within a framework of feminist poststructuralism and drawing on theories of ‘groupness’ and gender(ed) embodiment, the boys’ understandings of masculinities are captured and interpreted. The key analytic foci are directed towards examining the role of power in the social production of collective schoolboy knowledges, and understanding the processes through which boys subjectify and are subjectified, through social but also bodily discourses. The boys’ constructions of peer group masculinities are (re)presented through a narrative methodology which foregrounds my interpretation of the group’s personal and social relevances and seeks to be inductive in ways that ‘bring to life’ the boys’ stories. The study illuminates the potency of peer culture in shaping and regulating the boys’ dominant understandings of masculinity. Within this culture strong essentialist and hierarchical values are imported to support a range of gender(ed) and sexual dualisms. Here patriarchal adult culture is regularly mimicked and distorted. Underpinned by constructions of ‘femininity’ as the negative ‘other’, dominant masculinities are embodied, cultivated and championed through physical dominance, physical risk, aggression and violence. Through feminist poststructural analysis which enables a theorising of the boys’ subjectivities as fluid, tenuous and often characterised by contradiction and resistance, there exists a potential for interrupting and re-working particular masculinities. Within this framework, more affirmative but equally legitimate understandings and embodiments can be explored. The study presents a warrant for working with early childhood affinity groups to disrupt and contest the dominance and hierarchy of peer culture in an effort to counter-act broader gendered and heterosexist global, state and institutional structures. Framing these assertions is an understanding of the peer context as not only self-limiting and productive of hierarchies, but enabling and generative of affirmative subjectivities.

Syftet med vårt examensarbete är att först och främst ta reda på om dagens elever verkligen är sekulariserade. Oberoende om svaret är ja eller nej vill vi ta reda på hur detta påverkar religionsundervisningen. Dessutom vill vi ta reda på hur vi, som blivande ämneslärare i religionskunskap, kan göra religionsundervisningen så vardagsanpassad som möjligt? För att få svar på våra frågeställningar har vi först sammanställt tidigare forskning för att ge en överblick kring var den pågående forskningen står om ämnet. Den tidigare forskningen behandlar den pågående diskussionen kring om Sverige, och övriga Europa är sekulariserat eller inte. Dessutom har vi definierat olika begrepp relevanta för vår undersökning. Styrdokumenten har även beskrivits för att ge en överblick kring den förändring den har genomgått i önskan om att göra den så vardagsaktuell som möjligt. Slutligen har vi beskrivit olika pedagogiska redskap för vilka har en viktig del i religionsundervisningen.Vår egen undersökning har genomförts med såväl lärare som elever i årskurs 8-9 för att få reda på om sekulariseringen råder i deras skola samt vad både lärare och elever anser om ämnet religionskunskap. Svaren har vi analyserat i relation till tidigare forskning för att slutligen komma fram till ett resultat. Resultatet visar att sekulariseringen råder främst på skolor som inte har någon mångkultur i relation till etnicitet och tro. Men oberoende på om sekulariseringen är stark eller inte tycker eleverna överlag att religionsundervisningen är något positivt som de beskriver som ett spännande och roligt ämne. Slutligen kommer vi fram till att lärarna många gånger saknar redskapen för att vardagsanpassa undervisningen till eleverna. Detta framkommer även av eleverna som överlag svarat att de anser att religionsundervisningen inte relaterar till deras liv.

Renneboog et al (2008) argue that it remains to be seen whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be priced. In light of this, this thesis tests the performance and market valuation of CSR indicators by using a comprehensive set of KLD indicators. Chapter Three of this thesis examines the effect of CSR on financial performance by incorporating CSR into the investment process. As no clear break point is found for the normalised KLD score, the net KLD score is used as an alternative portfolio metric. In addition, most KLD indicators are found to have insignificant alphas for the high-scoring, low-scoring, and long-short portfolios—meaning that investors do not earn abnormal returns through a long-short strategy. Moreover, insignificant alphas are recorded for most of the indicators under the best-in-class approach—meaning that the application of industry classification does not affect results. Finally, both the conditional Ferson and Schadt (1996) model and conditional three-factor model are used as robustness checks, with most indicators having insignificant alphas for these conditional models. As such, the results imply that there is neither outperformance nor underperformance when using portfolios formed with CSR scores; however, there are significant differences in factor loadings between high-scoring and low-scoring CSR portfolios. Chapter Four uses a framework consistent with the Peasnell (1982) and Ohlson (1995) model to examine whether CSR is reflected in share prices. The CSR indicator is treated as the “other information” variable, and the association between CSR and market price is estimated by controlling for book value of equity, net income and dividends. Although the market is found to value different KLD indicators differently, most of the indicators are found to have positive impact on market value (except for corporate governance and human rights). R&D and advertising expenditure are both added to the valuation model for robustness checking purposes. Some of the CSR indicators—and especially for the case of environment—are not valued during the earlier stages, but become increasingly valued over time. The ten industries are also found to have varying effects on market valuation. In summary, high-scoring CSR firms display higher valuations than low-scoring CSR firms, and thus it can be concluded that a socially responsible agenda does not conflict with maximising shareholder value. Since most of the CSR indicators in Chapter Four lead to positive market price valuations, Chapter Five aims to disaggregate the value effect into the separate components of ROE ratio, the implied cost of capital (ICC) and growth rate. Three different methodologies are used to test the relationship between CSR, ICC and the long-run growth rate. The relationship between CSR and growth rate is positive with all of the methodologies. However, the different methodologies return differing results for the relationship between CSR and ICC, which may be due to the different assumptions made by each approach. Furthermore, it suggests that long-run growth rate differences in general may be more important than ICC differences. Finally, most KLD indicators are found to have significantly higher P/V and ROE1 ratios for the high-scoring CSR portfolios than for the low-scoring CSR portfolios.

L'objectif principal d'un système de recherche d'information est de sélectionner les documents pertinents qui répondent au besoin en information exprimé par l'utilisateur à travers une requête. Depuis les années 1970-1980, divers modèles théoriques ont été proposés dans ce sens pour représenter les documents et les requêtes d'une part et les apparier d'autre part, indépendamment de tout utilisateur. Plus récemment, l'arrivée du Web 2. 0 ou le Web social a remis en cause l'efficacité de ces modèles du fait qu'ils ignorent l'environnement dans lequel l'information se situe. En effet, l'utilisateur n'est plus un simple consommateur de l'information mais il participe également à sa production. Pour accélérer la production de l'information et améliorer la qualité de son travail, l'utilisateur échange de l'information avec son voisinage social dont il partage les mêmes centres d'intérêt. Il préfère généralement obtenir l'information d'un contact direct plutôt qu'à partir d'une source anonyme. Ainsi, l'utilisateur, influencé par son environnement socio-cultuel, donne autant d'importance à la proximité sociale de la ressource d'information autant qu'à la similarité des documents à sa requête. Dans le but de répondre à ces nouvelles attentes, la recherche d'information s'oriente vers l'implication de l'utilisateur et de sa composante sociale dans le processus de la recherche. Ainsi, le nouvel enjeu de la recherche d'information est de modéliser la pertinence compte tenu de la position sociale et de l'influence de sa communauté. Le second enjeu est d'apprendre à produire un ordre de pertinence qui traduise le mieux possible l'importance et l'autorité sociale. C'est dans ce cadre précis, que s'inscrit notre travail. Notre objectif est d'estimer une pertinence sociale en intégrant d'une part les caractéristiques sociales des ressources et d'autre part les mesures de pertinence basées sur les principes de la recherche d'information classique. Nous proposons dans cette thèse d'intégrer le réseau social d'information dans le processus de recherche d'information afin d'utiliser les relations sociales entre les acteurs sociaux comme une source d'évidence pour mesurer la pertinence d'un document en réponse à une requête. Deux modèles de recherche d'information sociale ont été proposés à des cadres applicatifs différents : la recherche d'information bibliographique et la recherche d'information dans les microblogs. Les importantes contributions de chaque modèle sont détaillées dans la suite. Un modèle social pour la recherche d'information bibliographique. Nous avons proposé un modèle générique de la recherche d'information sociale, déployé particulièrement pour l'accès aux ressources bibliographiques. Ce modèle représente les publications scientifiques au sein d'réseau social et évalue leur importance selon la position des auteurs dans le réseau. Comparativement aux approches précédentes, ce modèle intègre des nouvelles entités sociales représentées par les annotateurs et les annotations sociales. En plus des liens de coauteur, ce modèle exploite deux autres types de relations sociales : la citation et l'annotation sociale. Enfin, nous proposons de pondérer ces relations en tenant compte de la position des auteurs dans le réseau social et de leurs mutuelles collaborations. Un modèle social pour la recherche d'information dans les microblogs. } Nous avons proposé un modèle pour la recherche de tweets qui évalue la qualité des tweets selon deux contextes: le contexte social et le contexte temporel. Considérant cela, la qualité d'un tweet est estimé par l'importance sociale du blogueur correspondant. L'importance du blogueur est calculée par l'application de l'algorithme PageRank sur le réseau d'influence sociale. Dans ce même objectif, la qualité d'un tweet est évaluée selon sa date de publication. Les tweets soumis dans les périodes d'activité d'un terme de la requête sont alors caractérisés par une plus grande importance. Enfin, nous proposons d'intégrer l'importance sociale du blogueur et la magnitude temporelle avec les autres facteurs de pertinence en utilisant un modèle Bayésien
An information retrieval system aims at selecting relevant documents that meet user's information needs expressed with a textual query. For the years 1970-1980, various theoretical models have been proposed in this direction to represent, on the one hand, documents and queries and on the other hand to match information needs independently of the user. More recently, the arrival of Web 2. 0, known also as the social Web, has questioned the effectiveness of these models since they ignore the environment in which the information is located. In fact, the user is no longer a simple consumer of information but also involved in its production. To accelerate the production of information and improve the quality of their work, users tend to exchange documents with their social neighborhood that shares the same interests. It is commonly preferred to obtain information from a direct contact rather than from an anonymous source. Thus, the user, under the influenced of his social environment, gives as much importance to the social prominence of the information as the textual similarity of documents at the query. In order to meet these new prospects, information retrieval is moving towards novel user centric approaches that take into account the social context within the retrieval process. Thus, the new challenge of an information retrieval system is to model the relevance with regards to the social position and the influence of individuals in their community. The second challenge is produce an accurate ranking of relevance that reflects as closely as possible the importance and the social authority of information producers. It is in this specific context that fits our work. Our goal is to estimate the social relevance of documents by integrating the social characteristics of resources as well as relevance metrics as defined in classical information retrieval field. We propose in this work to integrate the social information network in the retrieval process and exploit the social relations between social actors as a source of evidence to measure the relevance of a document in response to a query. Two social information retrieval models have been proposed in different application frameworks: literature access and microblog retrieval. The main contributions of each model are detailed in the following. A social information model for flexible literature access. We proposed a generic social information retrieval model for literature access. This model represents scientific papers within a social network and evaluates their importance according to the position of respective authors in the network. Compared to previous approaches, this model incorporates new social entities represented by annotators and social annotations (tags). In addition to co-authorships, this model includes two other types of social relationships: citation and social annotation. Finally, we propose to weight these relationships according to the position of authors in the social network and their mutual collaborations. A social model for information retrieval for microblog search. We proposed a microblog retrieval model that evaluates the quality of tweets in two contexts: the social context and temporal context. The quality of a tweet is estimated by the social importance of the corresponding blogger. In particular, blogger's importance is calculated by the applying PageRank algorithm on the network of social influence. With the same aim, the quality of a tweet is evaluated according to its date of publication. Tweets submitted in periods of activity of query terms are then characterized by a greater importance. Finally, we propose to integrate the social importance of blogger and the temporal magnitude tweets as well as other relevance factors using a Bayesian network model

At a time when the institutional and intellectual futures of the social sciences are under threat, there has been growing concern among researchers and policy makers around the question of how to foster and enhance the relevance of their knowledge-practices. This thesis problematises such demands by elaborating a concept of ‘relevance’ that renders it not the product of a subjective act of interpretation, but an event that is part and parcel of the immanent processes by which the facts that compose situations come (in)to matter. By expanding on the work of William Connolly, Gilles Deleuze, John Dewey, Donna Haraway, William James, Michel Serres, Isabelle Stengers and Alfred North Whitehead, among others, I follow the implications of the concept of relevance through a speculative exploration of modes of knowledge-making in contemporary social science. As I show, such an exploration requires a transformation of the ethos with which social scientific inquiries are identified. If the former could be characterised as an ‘ethics of estrangement’ whereby to inquire is to estrange oneself from an apparent reality in order to gain access to a realm of social causes and reasons, an ethos oriented by the concept of relevance must reject that bifurcation of reality and cultivate, instead, a deep empiricism that is both singularly attentive to the coming into matter of the facts that compose a situation, and inventive of propositions that may contribute to the possible transformation of those situations that demand inquiry. It is this latter ethos, one which I call an ‘adventure’, that my thesis develops.

This thesis examines the recent trend in the museum world of increasing the relevancy of museums exhibits toward the public. It focuses on Anthropology museums and their relationship with the history of the discipline of anthropology and its core theories. Through a literature review and case study examination, I identify key challenges that museums with anthropological content face in trying to increase their significance and impact. By addressing these challenges, this thesis also evaluates the strategies museums have used in the recent past for their relative success and effectiveness. Particular emphasis is placed on the Arizona State Museum's Through the Eyes of the Eagle as a case study, as I was personally involved in the exhibition's process and can therefore share deeper insights into the functioning of that exhibit.

Todays youth faces difficulties when navigating on the World Wide Web where they constantly face an infinite amount of information. Therefore it has never been as important to equip the adults of tomorrow with the information literacy skills they need to be able to navigate and successfully evaluate the information.This study makes the attempt to chart the evaluation strategies amongst upper secondary highschool students by sending out a web-based survey consisting of 21 questions regarding their tendencies of searching and evaluating relevance and credibility of information. The result indicates that students efficiently find the information they are looking for on the Internet, but that the methods of evaluation needs further development. Additionally, the students use the qualities of presented information as the caret of the relevance of information, and the majority evaluate the relevance prior to the credibility of the information they face.The majority of the students only aspect of evaluating the credibility is to confirm it with a second source, without taking into account any underlaying purposes if the information or whether there is any bias between the two sources. This concludes that students needs to work more consciously with evaluation strategies to raise their awareness of how they evaluate information. This can be made by, in school context, make them account for how they do so, to make the analytical method of evaluating credibility a part of their metacognitive information literacy skill.

Cognitive behavioural models of social anxiety (i.e. Clark & Wells, 1995; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) conflict in their predictions regarding attention to facial expressions/gestures. Clark and Wells predict that anxiety is maintained in a social situation by decreased attention towards social cues, precipitated by increased self-focused attention. This results in missed opportunities for positive reinforcement from approving audience responses. Rapee and Heimberg argue that attention is split between imagining ones' own performance and scanning the audience for signs of social disapproval. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of self-relevance and attention in emotional cue processing. Studies 1-3 investigated cognitive processes in face perception using static face paradigms. The results of an eye tracking composite face task (Study 1) indicated that emotion categorisation occurred rapidly and independently of context. However the effect of viewing an emotion al face on the observer involved higher cognitive processes such as prior expectations and self-relevance. In an online composite face categorisation task (Study 2) socially anxious individuals reported that they focused less on angry eyes when categorising a threatening face than less socially anxious participants. Furthermore, in an eye tracking antisaccade task (Study 3), socially anxious participants processed emotional faces with greater attentional control than neutral faces. Taken together these studies suggest that processing differences may account for attentional biases in socially anxious individuals but attention appears to be independent of context in static face paradigms. In studies 4 and 5, processing efficiency was investigated using dynamic video clips. When the social threat was moderate in an emotion categorisation task 19 (Study 4), socially anxious individuals processed social cues more efficiently and interpreted ambiguous social cues more negatively than less anxious individuals, however, efficiency was slowed when the threat was heightened during a live speech eye tracking task (Study 5). Despite increased attention to emotional compared to neutral faces as the task progressed, no evidence was found for group differences in attention to social cues. However, there were group differences in awareness of social cues and socially anxious participants demonstrated lower self-confidence post-task. This suggests that biased interpretations of social cues in performance situations may not depend on biased attentional processes.

Idag är sociala medier en stor del i dagens samhälle och det kan ses mer eller mindre som en självklarhet är ständigt vara uppkopplad. Dessa sociala plattformar har öppnat upp för en ny typ av marknadsföring, nämligen Influencer Marketing. Genom denna form av marknadskommunikation ger influencers företagen en möjlighet att genom deras kanaler nå en ny målgrupp. Då vi har studerat tidigare forskning inom ämnet har vi identifierat ett forskningsglapp när det kommer till hur arbetsrelationen, i influencer marketing-samarbeten, ser ut mellan företag och influencers. Denna studie syftar därför till att studera just denna relation utifrån ett marknadsföringsperspektiv för att se till hur dessa två parter tillsammans arbetar för att upprätthålla deras egna och varandras image. För att få ett djup i vår studie samt för att förstå både företagets och influencerns sida har vårt empiriska material samlats in genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dessa intervjuer har analyserats tillsammans med tidigare forskning utifrån ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt.
Social media is a big part of today’s society and it may seem as a certainty to constantly be available and online. These social platforms have opened the door for a new kind of marketing strategy, the Influencer Marketing. Through this new marketing communication companies are given the possibility to target a new group of customers through the social media channels of the influencer. By studying previous research of the topic we have identified a gap in the research regarding how the business relationship, within Influencer Marketing, between the involved company and influencer work. This paper’s purpose is therefore to study said relationship from the perspectives of marketing to acknowledge how the two parties work together to maintain and uphold the own and each others image. To gain a depth in our paper and to understand the company’s as well as the influencer’s perspective the empirical material has been gathered through several qualitative semistructured interviews. These interviews have been analysed alongside previous research through a qualitative approach.

Abstract Problem background and problem discussion: The increased demands on companies and their ability to operate sustainably has made corporate social responsibility (CSR) a very hot topic in modern society. The academic debate has yet to put a definite answer on whether the engagement in CSR activities has a positive effect on a company financially. Previous research on stock listed in Sweden indicate that there is a positive relationship between environmental performance and that there is an asymmetry in how it is valued across company sizes. However, there has not yet been any research made into what impact size has on the value relevance of social CSR ratings. This will be tested by drawing from resource-based theory and legitimacy theory. Research question: How is the value relevance of social ratings affected by accounting for company size? Purpose: The purpose is to examine what effect the inclusion of corporation size has on the value relevance of social CSR ratings. Theory: The study primarily utilizes Stakeholder theory, the resource-based theory and legitimacy theory. Method: This is a quantitative study in a panel data setting with a deductive research approach. The practical method is a regression analysis that assesses the value relevance of CSR measures at the OMX Stockholm for the years of 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2013. The study encompasses 349 Small-, medium- and large-sized companies and has a total of 1429 observations, which have been subject to statistical significance tests. Results and analysis: The results show that social, environmental and overall CSR ratings are value relevant and associated with lower market values. There also seems to be little impact on results by including company size as a variable. Furthermore the results of this study differ from previous research, implying that results are very sensitive to changes in the regression model. Conclusion: The results of the study lead us to believe that size has little impact on how value relevant social ratings are. This implies that regardless theory such as the resource-based and legitimacy theory these cannot be supported in practice among Swedish firms listed at OMX Stockholm. Furthermore, our method gives different results with regard to previous research done on the Swedish market and indicates that there is a negative relationship between CSR ratings and market value.

As South Africa prepared to host the 30th International Congress of Psychology in 2012, a call was made to reflect on the strengths of and challenges facing contemporary South African Psychology. This paper presents our response to our brief to focus on social issues by presenting the results of a situational analysis of South African Psychology over the last five years and comparing this corpus of data to a similar analysis reported in Macleod (2004). Articles appearing in the South African Journal of Psychology (SAJP) and abstracts in PsycINFO with the keyword ‘South Africa’ over a 5½ year period were analysed. The content of 243 SAJP articles and 1986 PsycINFO abstracts were analysed using the codes developed by Macleod (2004). Results indicate: an increase in the number of articles, a reduction in the percentage of articles using quantitative methodologies and ‘hard’ science theoretical frameworks (particularly in the SAJP), and an increase in qualitative, theoretical, and methodological papers, and papers using systems-oriented theory (particularly in the SAJP). Traditional topics of assessment, stress and psychopathology continue to dominate, with social issues such as housing, land reform, development programmes, water resources and socio-economic inequities being largely ignored. Most research continues to be conducted in Gauteng, KwaZulu/Natal and the Western Cape, predominantly with adult, urban-based, middle-class participants, sourced mainly from universities, hospitals or clinics and schools. Collaborations or comparisons with other African, Asian, South American and Middle East countries have decreased. While the analysis presented in this paper is limited by its exclusion of books, theses, research reports and monographs, it shows that in published research there are some positive trends and some disappointments. The limited number of social issues featuring in published research, the under-representation of certain sectors of the population as participants, and the decrease in collaboration with, or comparison to, countries from the global ‘South’ represent challenges that require systematic attention.

This dissertation examines three Japanese video games, each of which critically engages with a different social issue or national trauma important to Japan. I argue that video games are important not only as cultural phenomena, but because, as media, they can and do bring about profound positive emotional and behavioral changes in our lives. This project builds on current research in Japanese studies and game studies by elucidating how narrative and gameplay mechanics communicate practical knowledge to potential victims, and how playing a game might instill both an understanding of one’s own life and empathy for the lives of others. Each chapter contains an analysis of a socially relevant video game and a corresponding discussion of the specific hallmarks of Japanese game design that promote players’ empathetic engagement. Chapter one analyzes natural disaster trauma in the PlayStation survival game Disaster Report (Irem, 2002, 2003 North America). I discuss how the game teaches real-world survival skills to players, and how it uses “limited engagement,” or a form of enforced vulnerability, to simulate what it would be like to survive an earthquake. Chapter two examines anxiety over Japan’s declining birthrate and aging population as represented in the puzzle game Catherine (Atlus, 2011). I introduce the concept of self-reflexivity or “distanced engagement” to contend that players critically reflect on their own lives through the act of answering in-game opinion polls about marriage and childbirth. Finally, chapter three investigates the working through of post-traumatic stress and wartime atrocities in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain (Kojima Productions, 2015). I illustrate how the game deploys ludic strategies of “external engagement” to encourage a merging of the player’s lived experience with the actions of the in-game protagonist. The result is that players feel more direct involvement in the game content. In sum, these affective tools simulate and allow players to “experience” different social situations to which they are unaccustomed, prompt them to critically reflect on their lives and values along the way, and, just maybe, help them transport what they have learned outside the confines of the game in order to enrich their everyday lives.
Arts, Faculty of
Asian Studies, Department of
Graduate

Försvarsmakten har skapat en doktrinhierarki där det redovisas hur Försvarsmakten konceptuellt skall genomföra insatser. Doktrin för luftoperationer är den del av doktrinen som specifikt riktar sig mot flygstridskrafter. I dagens insatsförsvar är tänkbara insatser väsensskilda från invasionsförsvarets insatser, och för detta har en ny typ av förband skapats, insatsförbandet. Flygstridskrafterna bidrar med bland annat Stridsflygenhet (SE), en insatsdivision utrustad med JAS 39. I denna uppsats avser jag undersöka huruvida doktrinen erbjuder stöd, konceptuellt eller praktiskt, till ledningen för en enhet av det ovan nämnda slaget. Jag har genom litteraturstudie tagit fram på vilket sätt DLuftO anger att flygstridskrafter skall nyttjas. Jag har intervjuat ledningen på SE 01 och SE 02 för att undersöka doktrinens roll i verksamheten. Därefter har jag genomfört en komparativ analys mellan verkligheten och doktrinen. Genom analysen har jag kunnat dra slutsatsen att DLuftO till begränsad del erbjuder stöd för divisionsledning i det moderna insatsförsvaret.

The Swedish armed forces has created a doctrine which, on a conceptual level, regulates how the Armed Forces carry out operations. “Doctrine for air operations” (DLuftO) is Air Force specific and forms apart of the overall doctrine of the Swedish Armed Forces. In the Swedish Air Force the focus has shifted from national defence to international operations. This has created new tasks and demands, which has led to the creation of a new type of unit. This unit will have to be prepared to meet the demands of a combined mission in international operations. One of these units is the SE unit (SE =Fighter Unit), a JAS 39 squadron with air-to-air, air-to-ground and reconnaissance capabilities. In this essay, I intend to investigate whether the doctrine offers support, conceptually or practically, to the commanding officers of a fighter unit of this kind. I have investigated in what way DLuftO dictates how air power is intended to be used. I have interviewed commanding officers on SE 01 and SE 02 to investigate how the doctrine is used. This has then formed the basis for a comparative analysis between reality and the doctrine. I have been able to conclude that DLuftO offers a limited amount of support for commanding officers on a fighter squadron in a combined military operation.

The aim of this study was to examine the protruding school concept NPF-säkring at the public school Källbrinksskolan in Sweden. Pupils with neuropsychiatric disabilities are particularly at risk to not reach the goals of the education and to have high school absence, which can lead to social exclusion later in life. The school in this study are well-known through Swedish media and claim that they have a solution to the challenges the Swedish school system face today therefore they have formed their concept specifically to the pupils with neuropsychiatric disabilities. The aim of this study was to perform a case-study to examine what the concept implies, it’s main logics and how it affects the institution. Using triangulation while studying various documents connected to the school concept, as well as one observation at the school after school hours, five main logics of the school concept became distinguishable. The analysis were divided into two parts where the first part focus on the main logics of the concept analyzed through Universal design of learning as a theoretical perspective and the second part consists of the theory of the Institutions three pillars to understand the institutional function and its relation to its context of the society. As a conclusion it came apparent that the main logics consists of physical environment, flexible structure, relational approach, encouragement for students' self-determination and overall approach at the school. The institutional function of the concept is distinctly connected to the increased awareness regarding the consequences of neuropsychiatric disabilities throughout society and by developing a new school concept, the institution there-by question the traditional Swedish school-system.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att mot bakgrund av Viktor Frankls teori kring existentiell mening undersöka diakoners erfarenheter av hur människor de möter upplever existentiell mening samt på vilket sätt existentiell mening kan relateras till det socialpedagogiska fältet. Detta eftersom vi under vår utbildning samt i yrkeserfarenheter från fältet upplevt att det existentiella perspektivet saknats. Empirin har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med diakoner från Svenska Kyrkan. Studiens resultat visade att det finns stora likheter mellan det diakonala och socialpedagogiska fältet. Resultatet visade även att de människor diakonin möter har spörsmål av existentiell karaktär, men att dessa är särskilt framträdande då människor befinner sig i en utsatt eller svår livssituation. Samt att diakonin ofta får träda in när samhällets resurser brister och informanterna efterfrågar ett större samhälleligt ansvar vad gäller att kunna möta människors existentiella spörsmål.

The study reported here, consists of three main parts. The first deals with the issue of the importance on management education in a poor country, some of the reported effects and therefore the question of relevance is raised. Proponents of the free market system argue that the only role of a manager is to make a profit for the business. However, in a country like India where the majority of the population is outside the mainstream of modern industrial life, there are arguments that freedom to make a profit should be accompanied by social responsibility because this form of behaviour helps to link modern industry with the wider social goals of a country. The second part of the study considers how to define and measure the social effects of publicly funded education. The outcome is the use of personal construct theory and repertory grid technique, borrowed from clinical psychology. which help to examine the social responsibility of Indian managers. The theory states that man makes choices and decisions based on the way he construes the world around him and the way he anticipates future events. The implication is that managers who construe social responsibility in terms of socio economic development are likely to make decisions which are more beneficial to society than those who have a narrower view of socially responsible behaviour. The third part of the study reports on the findings of the study, which has used five separate instruments with 53 Indian managers who have been trained at one of the three established Indian Institutes of Management. These Institutes (IIMs) train around 500 graduate managers each year and one of their objectives, is to "inculcate" social values in the graduates so that their future decisions as managers will be made in this context and be relevant to India's needs. The graduates are from among India's social elite and the way they construe social responsibility has been compared to a matched group of managers who have not been through the IIMs. Data has been collected, to classify the managers, on the social origins, their place of work and career orientations. The way they construe corporate and managerial social responsibility was elicited through the use of repertory grid technique, in order to examine the question of social responsibility in as many different ways as possible. Interestingly the results indicate insignificant differences between the two groups. These are interesting results as they highlight the possibility that the IIMs have not managed to instill socially responsible constructs which are any different from other Indian managers. Although this study is a snap-shot view of Indian managers, it does point to an area of research which the IIMs might take up, for example the objective of instilling social responsibility might not be achievable given all the other aims of the Institutions, or, if they feel that being of social consequence is important they might review their entry requirements, operational focus and so on. The main contribution of the results, to this issue, is a new approach to evaluating management education, helping to break from the conventional social cost benefit methods. This study has two further contributions of particular interest. First, it has examined social responsibility in a novel way and provided an empirically based definition. Secondly, the method used for this research has extended the application of personal construct theory to new areas of study, particularly by embodying repertory grid technique. There is little literature in construct theory which is of relevance to management education and this study has helped to close this gap.

This study was designed to investigate psychological adjustment to breast cancer in relation to social support, and family cohesion and adaptability. A sample of forty one women, admitted to hospital with breast cancer for surgery, were given an assessment package six to eight weeks after hospital discharge. The package consisted of the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (MAC), the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales(FACES) and the Michigan Social Support Scale for breast cancer patients. An identical package was posted to the patients after six months. Three models were tested corresponding to different levels of consistency with a causal interpretation of a relationship between social support and psychological adjustment. The results indicated that psychological morbidity was high at both ti me points. Social support from a doctor, nurse specialist, friend, and spouse were each found to be correlated with at least one psychological adjustment sub- scale at time one. The strongest relationship emerged for social support from the nurse specialist and the ''fighting spirit" sub- scale of the MAC. None of the family scales were found to be related to psychological adjustment or social support. Discriminant function analysis was performed to investigate variables which discriminated caseness at time one and time two. Social support from a doctor emerged as the most significant variable discriminating cases from non-cases at time one . At time two negative support was the most significant variable. The results were discussed in relation to previous research and a service development emerging from the study was described.

En las reflexiones vertidas en el presente trabajo, el autor parte de los orígenes que han visto nacer al contacto social en la relación entre paciente y médico. Desde 1999, año en el que se publicó una sentencia que abordaba el tema de la responsabilidad de la administración de hecho de una sociedad de capitales, esta figura ha cambiado el modo de concebir la relación entre usuario y administración pública, y como consecuencia, muchos otros sectores, como el bancario, han sido enormemente influenciados. Se concluye, finalmente que, entre el contrato y el hecho ilícito, el contacto social constituye un hecho fuente de obligaciones en el sentido del artículo 1173 del Código Civil italiano, una verdad que parece hoy incontrastable. In these reflections, the author begins from the origins of social contact, in the relationship between patient and doctor. Since 1999, year in which was published a judgment that handled the matter of liability of the factual administration of a company, this figure has changed the way of thinking the relationship between user and public administration; and, as a result, many other areas, like banks, have been enormously influenced. Finally, the author concludes that, between contract and tort, social contact means a fact source of obligations, in the sense of article 1173 of the italian civil code, a truth that seems undeniable.

Only a small portion of the amounts of information generated online are relevant to a given person. In this thesis, a prototype for determining a relevance value based on sets of data for some topic is evaluated to determine its viability in a future product called Votia. To achieve this, an evaluation model was dened based on \accuracy" and \eciency" for various machine learning algorithms applied to various types of data found in a tweet - a short user message on the Twitter platform | such as the message, relations between users and the tweeter, users' general behavior characteristics, and geographic data. A system was set up to fetch and convert Twitter data into data tting the prototype, with the hypothesis that (1) the Twitter data model could be mapped into the Votia data model, from which user behavior could be predicted at an adequate accuracy, and that (2) user behavior could be predicted to some degree from isolated sets of data. Data from Twitter was obtained by taking a random sample of users - the main actors - and then loading their and their friends' timelines. The data was processed, identifying interactivity between the set of users and their friends, in particular in who retweeted what. A number of machine learning algorithms, such as Nave Bayes classier, were tested on this data and evaluated according to the model. In the case of user relation, data was instead obtained by identifying a number of the top Twitter users, and the evaluation revolved around grouping their followers based on how similarly they behaved. The evaluation shows that predicting user behavior from isolated sets of data is not applicable in the given environment, and that the data set must be analyzed in a more integrated manner, e.g. by grouping similar users together. As the input data sets are arbitrary, each being analyzed in specic ways, a pipeline with processing modules that not only analyze the data sets in terms of relevance, but also perform preprocessing, is suggested. Examples of preprocessing might be ltering, adjusting data for use by subsequent modules, or at out rejecting the data prematurely.

Sustentado en las ideas anteriormente expuestas y de conformidad con el contenido temático de la presente investigación y a efecto de resolver el problema que se presenta, se propone: Primero. Que se adicione un quinto párrafo al artículo 39 de la Constitución Política del Estado Libre y Soberano de México recorriéndose los subsecuentes, para quedar como sigue: Artículo 39.- La Legislatura del Estado se integrará con 45 Diputados electos en distritos electorales según el principio de votación mayoritaria relativa y 30 de representación proporcional. Derogado La asignación de diputaciones por el principio de representación proporcional se efectuará conforme a las siguientes bases: I. Se constituirán hasta tres circunscripciones electorales en el Estado, integradas cada una por los distritos electorales que en los términos de la ley de la materia se determinen. II. Para tener derecho a la asignación de diputaciones de representación proporcional, el partido político de que se trate deberá acreditar la postulación de candidatos propios de mayoría relativa en por lo menos 30 distritos electorales y de haber obtenido al menos el tres por ciento de la votación válida emitida, se le asignará una curul por el principio de representación proporcional, independientemente de los triunfos de mayoría que haya obtenido; III. Realizada la distribución anterior, se procederá a asignar el resto de las diputaciones de representación proporcional, conforme a la fórmula establecida en la ley. Los Diputados de mayoría relativa y los de representación proporcional tendrán iguales derechos y obligaciones. [Propuestas] 262 Cada uno de los Diputados, al tomar protesta de su cargo, representarán a la totalidad de habitantes del Estado de México sin pertenecer ningún partido político, independientemente que estos los hayan postulado. En ningún caso un Diputados podrá obtener el cargo a través del partido político que por ambos principios representen un porcentaje del total de la Legislatura del Estado que exceda en ocho puntos su porcentaje de votación emitida. Esta base no se aplicará al partido político que por sus triunfos en distritos uninominales obtenga un porcentaje de curules del total de la Legislatura del Estado superior a la suma del porcentaje de su votación emitida más el ocho por ciento. Así mismo, en la integración de la Legislatura, el porcentaje de representación de un partido político no podrá ser menor al porcentaje de votación que hubiere recibido menos ocho puntos porcentuales. Segundo. Derogar el Capítulo V del Título Segundo de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Legislativo del Estado Libre y Soberano de México, el capítulo IV del Reglamento del Poder Legislativo del Estado Libre y Soberano de México y demás disposiciones legales y reglamentarias estatales, que se refieren a la denominación e integración
Introducción El poder en México se ejerce a través de tres funciones constitucionalmente establecidas, por un lado las ejecutivas, las legislativas y por otra parte las judiciales, lo cual conlleva la existencia de una estructura de poder. Esta estructura se conforma por la integración de elementos diversos “independientes”, o, en términos más adecuados, interdependientes, dotados de facultades y atribuciones. Partiendo de una visión muy general, el proceso legislativo está constituido por una serie de trámites que se sustancian al interior del Poder Legislativo. Su fin, es la creación, reforma o adición de disposiciones que, al menos en la lógica, supondrían el cumplimiento o la satisfacción de las necesidades de la población para producirle beneficios de diversa índole.

L'aplicació de la informació legal rellevant per resoldre les queixes i disputes és un desafiament comú per a tots els professionals de la justícia i llecs. No obstant això, l'anàlisi del concepte de rellevància en si ha atret fins al moment només una atenció esporàdica. Aquesta tesi ofereix ajuda per a comprendre els components de queixes, definint la informació legal pertinent, i fent ús d'ontologies computacionals i patrons de disseny per a representar aquest coneixement rellevant d'una manera explícita i estructurada. En aquest treball s'utilitza com un estudi de cas una situació real dels conflictes de consum en el domini de passatgers de transport aeri. Dos artefactes van ser construïts: dues ontologies i un patró de disseny. Una des ontologies recull la pertinent informació legal en disputes de consum, i l'altra és la seva especialització, aplicada al transport aeri de passatgers. El patró de disseny d'ontologies cobreix la demanda de patrons de disseny proposat per conceptualitzar les queixes. Per tal de demostrar la capacitat de les ontologies per servir com una base de coneixements per a un programa d'ordinador que proporciona informació legal corresponent, es va desenvolupar una aplicació demostrativa.
In order to understand and position the thesis's contribution to knowledge representation, a reference to design-science research (DSR) is made, in particular, to the knowledge contribution framework [Gregor, Hevner, 2013]. It is composed of four quadrants which are defined and analysed below, depending on the problem maturity and solution maturity of a research contribution (Fig. 7.1). According tothis DSR framework, the research contributions can be defined as the following: (i) Invention quadrant result in novel solutions (artifacts or inventions) addressing new problems; (ii) Improvement quadrant’s goal is to create new solutions (in the form of more efficient products, processes, services, technologies) to known problems. Researchers therefore must contend with a known contextual application for which previous artifacts either do not exist or are suboptimal; (iii) Exaptation quadrant refers to the expropriation of design knowledge in one field to solve new problems in another field. When artifacts required in a field are not available or are suboptimal, effective artifacts may exist in related problem areas that may be adapted, extended, refined or, more accurately, exapted to the new contextual problem; (iv) Routine design occurs when existing knowledge for the problem area is well understood and when existing artifacts are used to address the opportunity or question. Existing knowledge is applied in familiar problem areas in a routine way.

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Since the beginning of civilization, humans formed social networks under communities bound by common interest. Today the ubiquity of the Internet provides ample opportunity for these groups, once limited by geography, to connect easily and expand beyond city and national borders. The U.S. Navy provides an opportunity to harness the power of electronic social networks to improve enterprise-wide information sharing across strategic, operational, and tactical forums. These networks of trusted connections among people ensure means for watch standers and decision makers to share trusted information with seasoned leaders and subject matter experts. The leverage of electronic social networks in the Navy is significant during manpower reductions that present limiting opportunities for face-to-face collaboration and mentoring, a critical aspect to a war-fighting organization. This thesis presents an evaluation and comparison of the perceptions of social networking of current and future leadership on the value of social networking tools. Moreover, this analysis applies specifically to Navy operations. The relevance of collaboration, trust, professional development, and technological opportunity is examined.

Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.
Thesis advisor(s): Pfeiffer, Karl D. ; Higgins, Susan L. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 30, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Social Network, Trust, Collaborative Network, Information Superiority, Knowledge Superiority, Knowledge Assurance. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-107). Also available in print.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in the Department of Communication Science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2012.
Social media participation has spiraled exponentially and has transformed the way in which we communicate. It has opened up a new window which can maximise teaching and learning opportunities in the educational sector. However there are numerous challenges that public schools face when it comes to introducing and implementing technology but there is a need to overcome these barriers to develop and prepare educators and students at public schools for the 21st century. This thesis examines the relevance of social media in public schools. The first part of the study reviews literature on electronic communication, technology and its impact on society and education, challenges faced in educational technology, social media and programmes used in South African schools, Department of Education policies and procedures. Subsequent chapters describe the construction of a survey instrument employed to measure and evaluate the relevance of social media at public schools. The main tool for collecting data was the questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. A questionnaire provided appropriate information required for the research, as questions were asked to learners, educators and personnel from schools in Richards Bay and surrounding areas. Data analysis included using Moonstats to codify the data and graphs were imported to Microsoft Excel which was used for interpretation.Penultimate chapters blend the insights gained from the literature review to interpret the results obtained through the research methodology and to draw up recommendations and conclusions in the context of the relevance of social media in public schools.

Empowerment has been a popular concept in management and leadership practice and research for more than forty years. The intentions behind empowerment at the workplace are positive: empowered employees should experience a greater degree of influence, decision-making latitude, and meaningfulness. This is achieved through transfers of power, such as increases in autonomy and responsibility. Although empowerment efforts have often been shown to successfully result in empowered and highly involved employees, there has also been research that shows the opposite: the so-called paradox of empowerment is a well-known problem that refers to failed empowerment efforts through which beneficiaries feel disempowered rather than empowered. This thesis comprises three papers intended to contribute to empowerment research and practice within a sociological framework that offers a better understanding of implicit assumptions between employer and employee and the unintended consequences these can have on the outcome of empowerment change efforts. The analyses utilize a communicative approach in line with sociological and social-psychological theories of communication and interaction. The first two papers are theoretical analyses, one examining the general concept of empowerment (Paper I), the other focusing more specifically on empowerment in workplace contexts (Paper II). Paper III is an empirical analysis that investigates some of the theoretical assumptions made in Papers I and II. The first paper analyzes empowerment from a sociological point of view and identifies possible mechanisms behind the paradox of empowerment. It is argued that such paradoxes may evolve from discrepancies between approaching empowerment from a purely economic and structural perspective versus a communicative and relational one. It concludes with the observation that, although their agency may be increased on a structural level, empowerees may experience a parallel decrease of agential options on a communicative level. The second paper deals with empowerment at the workplace as a management or leadership technique. Focusing on relational aspects, a “basic communicative structure” is identified. This is analyzed as comprising a contractual and a communicative context that should be taken into consideration by empowerers in order to avoid misunderstandings in the recipients’ sensemaking processes. Paper II concludes by arguing that the way recipients make sense of their roles and situations as defined by employment and/or psychological contracts might not necessarily be in line with the communicative meanings they ascribe to the change agents’ actions, and vice versa. The third paper analyzes employees’ orientations and attitudes toward empowerment and the relevance of their attitudes for the success of empowerment efforts. These issues are explored by means of survey data from 268 employees in the Swedish retail sector. Results indicate that age and work intensity (part-time vs. full-time), as well as cohabitation status may have significant impacts on how empowerment efforts are approached and received by employees. The thesis as a whole provides insights into sociological issues of empowerment, both generally and particularly in management and leadership contexts and concludes that the communicative context of empowerment interactions plays a significant role in employees’ empowerment orientations.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.

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The social function of the company and the institute of the bankruptcy's finality are analyzed before the actual interests of the collectivity, preserving the achievements that, though good irradiators ofsocial and economical benefits to the community, face financiaI difficulties. Several forms ofhow to lead the administrative management ofthe company, while beneficiary ofthe legal protection, are contemplated and, suggested the adoption ofa reconstructive administration, focused in the recuperation ofthe company while is a benefit for the group ofthe collectivity.
A função social da empresa e, a finalidade do instituto da falência, são analisadas perante os reais interesses da coletividade na preservação dos empreendimentos que, embora bons irradiadores de beneficios sociais e econômicos à comunidade, enfrentam dificuldades financeiras. Diversas formas de como conduzir a gestão administrativa da empresa, enquanto beneficiária da proteção legal, são contempladas e, sugerida a adoção de uma gestão reconstrutiva, focada na recuperação da empresa enquanto beneficio ao conjunto da coletividade.

Esta tese apresenta um modelo de relevância de opinião genérico e independente de domínio para usuários de Redes Sociais. O Social Opinion Relevance Model (SORM) é capaz de estimar a relevância de uma opinião com base em doze parâmetros distintos. Comparado com outros modelos, a principal característica que distingue o SORM é a sua capacidade para fornecer resultados personalizados de relevância de uma opinião, de acordo com o perfil da pessoa para a qual ela está sendo estimada. Devido à falta de corpus de relevância de opiniões capazes de testar corretamente o SORM, fez-se necessária a criação de um novo corpus chamado Social Opinion Relevance Corpus (SORC). Usando o SORC, foram realizados experimentos no domínio de jogos eletrônicos que ilustram a importância da personalização da relevância para alcançar melhores resultados, baseados em métricas típicas de Recuperação de Informação. Também foi realizado um teste de significância estatística que reforça e confirma as vantagens que o SORM oferece.
This thesis presents a generic and domain independent opinion relevance model for Social Network users. The Social Opinion Relevance Model (SORM) is able to estimate an opinions relevance based on twelve different parameters. Compared to other models, SORMs main distinction is its ability to provide customized results, according to whom the opinion relevance is being estimated for. Due to the lack of opinion relevance corpora that are able to properly test our model, we have created a new one called Social Opinion Relevance Corpus (SORC). Using SORC, we carried out some experiments on the Electronic Games domain that illustrate the importance of customizing opinion relevance in order to achieve better results, based on typical Information Retrieval metrics, such as NDCG, QMeasure and MAP. We also performed a statistical significance test that reinforces and corroborates the advantages that SORM offers.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how feature films and mass media portray women and men in the late 1970s and 1990s and compare how they were represented in massmedia the period after the movie launches and what impact these portrayals can have on society. The study specifically wanted to develop an understanding of any similarities in a psychosocial perspective and the differences between the men and women in a psychosocial and through a gender perspective. Method: The thesis method consisted of a multi-stand study which is when two data collection methods are combined, these were following qualitative content analysis and scoping studies. This combination was necessary to be able to answer selected research questions. Results: The answers to the following research questions of this study is that there were some similarities and differences between the genders in the selected movies. The research question which the issue that explored if the mass medias portrayals of men and women with mental illness remained or if these have changed after the film launches revealed that some identified themes remain while others are new. This can be explained by the retention of some structures that stigmatize the person with mental illness and is considered deviating in relation to the identified characteristics in The media portrayals. Although another result in this study was that no specific research was found regarding gender differences between men and women in feature film productions so the gender perspective was excluded in this issue. Conclusion: Specific theoretical perspectives can contribute to different understandings of how women and men with mental illness are portrayed which can contribute to more awareness of the consequences of these portrayals. Portrayals of men and women with mental illness in massmedia can have significant impact in the individuals life in general because of stigmatization which can cause difficulties in its recovery process but also social vulnerable in the meaning of unemployment, loss of education and relation problems.  Keywords: movie portrayals, mental illness, gender differences, psychosocial perspective, gender perspective, massmedia, social work, public attitudes, stigma

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 80 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-44).

Far from signalling the end of social dialogue, the Marikana massacre underscores the importance of refining and adapting existing peak-level negotiating fora such as the National Economic, Development and Labour Council (Nedlac). To ensure social dialogue remains an integral component of the South African policy-making and national decision-making system, social partners rely on a system of consultation and dialogue to build on a shared national vision. Dialogue is accepted as a means of consolidating a young, democratic but deeply divided South African society. It’s also a medium through which to enhance participation in policy formulation and decision-making. The study reaffirms the critical role that social dialogue plays in a developing economy such as South Africa using the case study of the Marikana massacre to illustrate this point. However, through an analysis of official documents and media reports, as well as selected interviews, the study highlights that the effectiveness of social dialogue through a statutory structure such as Nedlac, is at risk of collapse due to the low levels of commitment of the social partners involved in the Council’s processes. The enhanced maturity of collective bargaining in creating a platform for engagement between labour and business is also emphasised through the outcomes of the research. The research recommends an overhaul of social dialogue principles and practices in order to derive benefit from the numerous benefits inherent in social dialogue.
Mini Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria 2017.
Sociology
MSocSci
Unrestricted

Purpose. Despite work-related stress is one of the most studied topic in organizational psychology, many aspects as for example the use of different measures (e.g. subjective and objective, qualitative and quantitative) are still under debate. According to this, in order to enhance knowledge concerning which factors and processes contribute to create healthy workplaces, this thesis is composed by four different studies aiming to understand: a) the role of relevant antecedents (e.g. leadership, job demands, work-family conflict, social support etc.) and outcomes (e.g. workplace phobia, absenteeism etc.) of work-related stress; and b) how to manage psychosocial risk factors in the workplace. The studies. The first study focused on how disagreement between supervisors and their employees on leadership style (transformational and transactional) could affect workers well-being and work team variables. The second and third study used both subjective and objective data in order to increase the quality of the reliability of the results gained. Particularly, the second study focused on job demand and its relationship with objective sickness leave. Findings showed that despite there is no direct relationship between these two variables, job demand affects work-family conflict, which in turn affect exhaustion, which leads to absenteeism. The third study analysed the role of a new concept never studied before in organizational settings (workplace phobia), as a health outcome in the JD-R model, demonstrating also its relationship with absenteeism. The last study highlighted the added value of using the mixed methods research approach in order to detect and analyse context-specific job demands which could affects workers’ health. Conclusion. The findings of this thesis answered both to open questions in the scientific literature and to the social request of managing psychosocial risk factors in the workplace in order to enhance workers well-being.

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This research aims to deepen the understanding of the bullying phenomenon in the school environment, with social, psychological and legal aspects, on the theme of multidisciplinary. Thus, the paper addresses the profound social changes brought about by contemporary society, how such changes aggravated bullying behavior, the peculiar characteristics of the phenomenon, the rights and guarantees of children and adolescents, the rights violated by bullying the liability of schools (public and private) in relation to their students and the parents of liability relating to underage children
A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo aprofundar a compreensão sobre o fenômeno bullying no ambiente escolar, apresentando aspectos sociais, psicológicos e jurídicos, diante da multidisciplinaridade do tema. Para tanto, o trabalho aborda as profundas mudanças sociais ocasionadas pela sociedade contemporânea, de que forma tais mudanças agravaram o comportamento do bullying, as características peculiares do fenômeno, os direitos e garantias fundamentais das crianças e dos adolescentes, os direitos violados pela prática do bullying, a responsabilidade civil das escolas (públicas e privadas) em relação aos seus alunos e a responsabilidade civil dos pais em relação aos filhos menores de idade

Offence supportive cognition (OSC) is an important theoretical and clinical concept in researching and treating adult sexual offenders. Much less is known about the role, relevance and measurement of OSC with younger sexual offenders, and this thesis aims to address that gap. Chapter 1 presents an introduction to OSC research, highlighting issues with measurement. Chapter 2 presents a systematic review of literature that has examined OSC in younger sexual offenders, with the aim of establishing whether OSC is a treatment need in this group. Chapter 3 examines the psychometric properties of the Children and Sex Questionnaire-Adolescent Version (CASQ-AV; Beckett 1995), a measure of child abuse supportive beliefs that is in widespread use with younger sexual offenders. Chapter 4 aims to establish the reliability and validity of the CASQ-AV using data from a large sample of young adult sexual offenders (aged 18 to 21 years) serving prison sentences. Chapter 5 draws together the findings from previous chapters, highlighting that overall, the role of OSC in younger sexual offender populations is poorly understood, the relevance of this concept as a treatment need may have been overestimated, but psychometric measurement is possible. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.

Sociala medier som datorförmedlad kommunikationsform online har 83 procent av den svenska befolkningen tagit sig an. Denna kommunikationsform har förändrat sättet som individer inte-ragerar med varandra samt hur de väljer att presentera sig själva. Att visa ”vem man är” har blivit en central del i människors liv då deinte lägre föds in i en gemenskap eller klass. I och med att vara uppkopplad på sociala medier och ständigt presentera sig själv genom inlägg i form av text eller bild kan individer förkroppsliga självet, som i sin tur gör att personer kan hitta gemenskaper med likasinnade presentationer. Med dessa gemenskaper och grupperingar som skapas på dessa plattformar följer både positivitet och negativitet genom exempelvis att ständigt jämföra sig själv med övriga ”gruppmedlemmar” och på så sätt möjligen känna att vem man är eller det man gör inte duger till eller måste ändrats på. Denna uppsats har för avsikt att påvisa hur sociala medier skapar möjligheter till ett identitetsskapande och varför är det viktigt för många av dagens yngre människor att presentera sig själva på ett tillrättalagt sätt genom dessa plattformar.För att ta reda på detta användes ett kvalitativt angreppssätt med fyra respondenter, två tjejer respektive två killar. Gemensamt för alla respondenter var att de studerade på Luleå Tekniska Universitet samt att personerna var mellan åldrarna 20 –30år. Ur intervjuerna tematiserades jämförelse, kommunikation, kultur, fasad och grupptryckfram, dessa har i sin tur fungerat som övergripande teman som vidare beskrivs och fördjupas i resultatet. Trots att fenomenet är en individuell tolkning visade resultatet och analysen att det finns en rödtråd i hur personerna valde att konstruera deras online-identitet genom att vara noggrann med iscensättningen av inläggens struktur. Det vill säga att texten eller bilderna var väl planerade hur de skulle utformas för att förmedla rätt mening som i sin tur ska reflektera tillbaka på individen själv. Samt genom att presentera sig själv med sociala medier som verktyg och på detta sätt kunde individer mäta sin egen relevans när de befann sig inom en grupp, vilket visades vara oerhört viktigt för alla re-spondenter–att vara relevant som individ i dagens samhälle.Vad detta grundar sig i och hur detta tolkas av mig som författare presenteras i den slutgiltiga diskussionen

I Skolverkets (2013) beskrivning av kompetensprofilen för förskollärare går det att läsa om de förmågor en förskollärare ska kunna visa ute i förskolans verksamhet. Tillika förmågor som förskollärarutbildningar behöver kunna erbjuda sina studenter inför kommande yrkesroll och arbetsuppgifter som förskollärare. Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur yrkesverksamma förskollärarstudenter ser på utbildningens innehåll i relation till den praktiska yrkesrollen. Liknande undersökningar har gjorts, men som då behandlat andra inriktningar på utbildning varför denna studies problem anses betydelsefullt att forska vidare om. I denna studie har en kvalitativ metod använts då studien utgått ifrån ett frågeformulär besvarat av 6 yrkesverksamma förskollärarstudenter. Studien har vidare analyserats utifrån en lärandemodell av Knud Illeris (2007) om lärandets fundamentala processer där speciellt tillägnelseprocessen valts ut på grund av dess relevans i denna studie. Begreppet transfer har även legat till grund för analysen då dess betydelse kan sammankopplas med just tillägnelseprocessen i vald modell. Resultatet i studien visar att det som yrkesverksamma förskollärarstudenter anser kännetecknar en förskollärares yrkesroll ute i arbetslivet kan likställas med de kunskaper och färdigheter de anser en förskollärare är i behov av ute i arbetslivet. Resultatet i studien visar även att Föflex-utbildningen tillgodoser yrkesverksamma förskollärares behov av kunskaper och färdigheter på olika sätt beroende på om det är teoretiska eller praktiska förmågor. Vidare visar studien att det finns en skillnad vad gäller de teoretiska ämnenas och de praktiska ämnenas möjligheter att transfereras till de yrkesverksamma förskollärarstudenternas arbetsplatser. De praktiska ämnena anses lättare att implementera på arbetsplatsen än de teoretiska. Vad gäller yrkesverksamma förskollärarstudenters drivkraft att lära så varierar den beroende på vilka kurser som studenterna läser. Likaså visar studien att känslor är kopplade till denna drivkraft, vilket i sin tur även påverkar den transfer som sker till arbetsplatsen.

La present investigació s’enfoca en les representacions socials del professorat en formació inicial, sobre la llibertat d’expressió. El problema d’investigació aborda la importància d’estudiar sobre com el professorat en formació pensa, compren i exerceix la llibertat d’expressió, desde el seu rol com professorat i també com a ciutadans i ciutadanes. Considerant, que la societat globalitzada , utilitza els medis de comunicació i les reds socials com medis per a accedir a la informació i comunicar les seues idees, és fonamental abordar la lliure expressió des de la perspectiva educativa. A partir d’aquests antecedents, es fa necessari estudiar si el professorat fomenta la lliure expressió de l’aula. A més, és rellevant analitzar el seu posicionament social, és a dir, què tan crític es presenta davant situacions socials on al lliure expressió és vetada o utilitzada per tal de difondre discursos de violència i discriminació. És important conèixer cóm s’està formant aquest professorat de ciències socials, respecte als Drets Humans i a l’Educació per a la Ciutadania Democràtica. Els objectius plantejats són: a) Identificar les representacions socials del professorat en formació de Ciències Socials, sobre la llibertat d’expressió, b) Avaluar si el professorat en formació té la capacitat d’interpretar la informació sobre els problemes socials desde criteris de llibertat d’expressió, c) Analitzar el tractament que atorguen les escoles a la llibertat d’expressió a partir de les experiències pràctiques que posseeix el professorat en formació per dissenyar i ensenyar la llibertat d’expressió. La metodologia d’aquesta investigació és de tipus qualitatiu i s’utilitza l’estudi de cas. S’ha optat per aquesta tècnica, perquè la investigadora coneix la realitat en estudi. A més, s’utilitza l’estudi de cas perquè els resultats de la investigació poden servir per a millorar la formació del professorat en estudi. El tipus de mostra és no probabilístic. La mostra inicial ha estat de 21 participants; 10 homes i 11 dones. La edat fluctua entre els 20 i els 46 anys, i s’ubica entre el tercer i quart any de la carrera. El context de l’estudi es desenvolupa en una universitat privada ubicada a Santiago de Xile, específicament en la carrera de Pedagogia en Història. Els instruments utilitzats han estat: dossier d’activitats, narrativa biogràfica, grup focal, entrevista a docents i entrevista al professorat en formació. Pel que fa als resultats generals, cal destacar que, després de l’anàlisi del primer instrument ( dossier d’activitats) s’ha requerit establir categories. Aquestes categories han estat l’eix de l’anàlisi dels resultats: 1) Crítica amb argumentació matisada: respon de forma crítica davant els problemes plantejats i argumenta a través dels seus coneixements previs i experiències de vida personal i acadèmica, 2) Empàtica sense argumentació: mostra una actitud empàtica davant les temàtiques, en canvi, no entrega argumentació a les seues respostes, 3) Individualista: reconeix que com a individu té drets i per tant es pot expressar lliurement, no es visualitza una mirada comunitària al respecte, i 4) autoritari, legalista: a les seues respostes es troba un visió amb afinitat a les lleis i codis d’ordre social. Respecte a les principals conclusions, les representacions socials del professorat en formació sobre la llibertat d’expressió, es relacionen al reconeixement de la seua característica de dret constitucional, el qual s’ha de exercir amb respecte i sense fomentar un discurs d’odi. Si bé reconeixen la importància dels medis de comunicació i les reds socials, assenyalen que és important procurar que el contingut no es manipuli i que s’ometin opinions fonamentades.
La presente investigación se enfoca en las representaciones sociales del profesorado en formación inicial, sobre la libertad de expresión. El problema de investigación aborda la importancia de estudiar sobre cómo el profesorado en formación piensa, comprende y ejerce la libertad de expresión, desde su rol como profesorado y también como ciudadanos y ciudadanas. Considerando que, la sociedad globalizada, utiliza los medios de comunicación y las redes sociales como medios para acceder a la información y comunicar sus ideas, es fundamental abordar la libre expresión desde la perspectiva educativa. A partir de estos antecedentes, se hace necesario estudiar si el profesorado fomenta la libre expresión en el aula. Además, es relevante analizar su posicionamiento social, es decir, qué tan crítico se presenta ante situaciones sociales donde la libre expresión es vetada o utilizada para difundir discursos de violencia y discriminación. Es importante conocer cómo se está formando este profesorado de ciencias sociales, en cuanto a Derechos Humanos y a Educación para la Ciudadanía Democrática. Los objetivos planteados son: a) identificar las representaciones sociales del profesorado en formación de ciencias sociales, sobre la libertad de expresión, b) evaluar si el profesorado en formación es capaz de interpretar la información sobre problemas sociales desde criterios de libertad de expresión, c) analizar el tratamiento que le otorgan las escuelas a la libertad de expresión a partir de las experiencias prácticas del profesorado en formación, d) comparar las perspectivas teóricas y prácticas que posee el profesorado en formación para diseñar y enseñar la libertad de expresión. La metodología de esta investigación es de tipo cualitativa y se utiliza el estudio de caso. Se ha optado por esta técnica, porque la investigadora conoce la realidad en estudio. Además, se utiliza el estudio de caso porque los resultados de la investigación pueden servir para mejorar la formación del profesorado en estudio. El tipo de muestra es no probabilístico. La muestra inicial ha sido de 21 participantes; 10 hombres y 11 mujeres. La edad fluctúa entre los 20 y 46 años, y se ubican entre el tercer y cuarto año de la carrera. El contexto del estudio se desarrolla en una universidad privada, ubicada en Santiago de Chile, específicamente en la carrera de Pedagogía en Historia. Los instrumentos utilizados han sido: dosier de actividades, narrativa biográfica, grupo focal, entrevista a docentes y entrevista al profesorado en formación. En cuanto a los resultados generales cabe destacar que, luego del análisis del primer instrumento (dosier de actividades) se ha requerido establecer categorías. Estas categorías han sido el eje del análisis de los resultados: 1) Crítica con argumentación matizada: responde de manera crítica ante los temas planteados y argumenta a través de sus conocimientos previos y experiencias de vida; personal y académicas, 2) empática sin argumentación: demuestra una actitud empática hacia las temáticas, sin embargo, no entrega argumentación en sus respuestas, 3) individualista: reconoce que como individuo tiene derechos y por lo tanto se puede expresar libremente, no se visualiza una mirada comunitaria al respecto, y 4) autoritario/legalista: en sus respuestas se encuentra una visión más bien apegada a las leyes y códigos de orden social. Respecto a las principales conclusiones, las representaciones sociales del profesorado en formación sobre la libertad de expresión, se relacionan al reconocimiento de su característica de derecho constitucional, el que se debe ejercer con respeto y sin fomentar un discurso del odio. Si bien reconocen la importancia de los medios de comunicación y las redes sociales, señalan que es importante procurar que el contenido no se manipule y que se emitan opiniones fundamentadas.
This research focuses on the social representations of teachers in initial training, on freedom of expression. The research problem addresses the importance of studying how teachers in training think, understand and exercise freedom of expression, from their role as teachers and also as citizens. Considering that the globalized society uses the media and social networks as a means to access information and communicate ideas, it is essential to address free expression from an educational perspective. From this background, it is necessary to study whether teachers encourage free expression in the classroom. In addition, it is relevant to analyze its social positioning, that is, how critical it is in social situations where free expression is vetoed or used to spread discourses of violence and discrimination. It is important to know how this social science teaching staff is being trained, in terms of Human Rights and Education for Democratic Citizenship. The objectives are: a) to identify the social representations of teachers in social science training on freedom of expression, b) to evaluate whether the teachers-in-training are capable of interpreting information about social problems from the perspective of freedom of expression, c) to analyze the treatment given to freedom of expression by schools based on the practical experiences of teachers in training, d) to compare the theoretical and practical perspectives that teachers in training have in designing and teaching freedom of expression. The methodology of this research is of a qualitative type and the case study is used. This technique has been chosen because the researcher knows the reality under study. In addition, the case study is used because the results of the research can serve to improve the training of the teachers under study. The type of sample is non-probabilistic. The initial sample has been of 21 participants; 10 men and 11 women. The age fluctuates between 20 and 46 years, and they are located between the third and fourth year of the career. The context of the study is developed in a private university, located in Santiago de Chile, specifically in the career of Pedagogy in History. The instruments used were: activity dossier, biographical narrative, focus group, teacher interviews and interviews with teachers in training. As for the general results, it should be noted that, after the analysis of the first instrument (activity report), it has been necessary to establish categories. These categories have been the axis of the analysis of the results: 1) Criticism with nuanced argumentation: the person responds critically to the issues raised and argues through his or her previous knowledge and life experiences; personal and academic, 2) empathic without argumentation: the person demonstrates an empathic attitude towards the issues, however, does not provide arguments in the answers, 3) individualistic: the person recognizes that as an individual has rights and therefore can express itself freely, he/she does not visualize a communitarian view on the matter, and 4) authoritarian/legalistic: in the answers one finds a view that is rather attached to the laws and codes of social order. With respect to the main conclusions, the social representations of the teachers in training on freedom of expression are related to the recognition of its characteristic as a constitutional right, which must be exercised with respect and without encouraging a discourse of hate. While recognizing the importance of the media and social networks, they point out that it is important to ensure that content is not manipulated and that informed opinions are expressed.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Educació