Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social relations'
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Abbott, Owen. "The social self, social relations, and social (moral) practice." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30117.
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The primary task of this thesis is to explain what the relationship between social practice and the socially emergent self is, and to concurrently explain why this relationship is of significance to an accurate theory of social practice itself. A subsequent aim of this is to explain how the socially emergent self can be used to account for individual engagement in moral practices. Building on George Herbert Mead, it is argued that the social process through which the self emerges moulds the individual’s capacity to engage with social practice. It is argued that combining Mead’s theory of the socially emergent self with relational sociology provides a theoretical framework that can account for how intersubjective and historically situated social practices are taken on by the individual, to the extent that she can engage in such practices both reflectively and pre-reflectively. What is more, this theoretical synthesis is able to account for how social practices are engaged with in an incredibly routine and ‘ordinary’ manner, while also accounting for individual variation in this engagement. This theory is then applied to moral practices. It is contended that individual engagement in moral practice is not altogether different from engagement in social practice generally, and thus the theory offered here also accounts for how individuals are able to engage in moral practice in both a routine and an individualised manner.
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Panter, David C. "Child social relations and gender." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235677.
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Whittingham, Matthew. "The self and social relations." Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/47434/.
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The central subject of this thesis is the nature of the self. I argue against an atomistic conception which takes the human self to exist self-sufficiently and prior to social relations, and in favour of a holistic conception which takes the self to be constitutively dependent on social relations. I defend this view against criticisms that a holistic account undermines the need for what I call 'critical distance' between subjects and their communities. This involves answering the charges that such constitutive dependence: 1) removes the possibility for individuals to determine themselves freely apart from the communities in which they engage; and 2) deprives us of an external standard with which to engage critically with those constitutive communities. I argue that the above criticisms are encouraged by reliance on a certain epistemological picture. This picture involves a foundationalist construal of knowledge that ultimately depends on a notion of an immediately given epistemic content that can serve to give us an absolute conception of an objective reality with which we can do away with partial or relative conceptions of ourselves and the world we inhabit. It is this that leads the critic to demand a standard external to communities, which in turn encourages a notion of the self and freedom that can ultimately be grounded apart from the "distortions" of social practice. I directly attack the notion of an immediately given epistemic content through a series of transcendental arguments, showing that the condition of possibility for our forming any conception of ourselves or the world is participation in social forms of life. I further argue that properly human identities are essentially shaped by the self-conceptions these forms of life make available to us. Since freedom can no longer depend on radical detachment, I offer a new account of freedom as a social achievement, based on a notion of rational progress which allows us to develop ourselves and our social world critically, drawing only on those standards available within our practices. With the notion of an immediately given epistemic content undermined, I have shown not only that freedom and rational progress are consistent with a holistic account, but that in fact they depend on such a holistic account.
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Redwood, Morag E. "Rurality, social relations of power and social cohesion." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.726778.
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Sundberg, Mikaela. "Making meteorology social relations and scientific practice /." Doctoral thesis, [Stockholm] : Stockholms universitet : Distributed by Almqvist & Wiksell International, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/71256128.html.
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Schmidt, Christine. "Managing Prostitution : The Social Relations of ‘Help’." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2013. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2126.
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This thesis explores the social organization of ‘helping sex workers’ in Northeastern Ontario from the standpoint of sex workers or former sex workers. It is based on twelve (12) qualitative interviews with sex workers and former sex workers between the years 2002-2003.
This thesis engages the feminist research framework as developed by Dorothy E Smith, a feminist sociologist. Smiths’ ontological and epistemological framework conceptualizes knowledge as socially produced and mediated by social/power relations. This is a theoretical framework that has the potential to explore the social standpoint of persons labeled ‘sex worker’ by examining social/power relations from their standpoint and by problematizing claims of the universality of knowledge and ‘truth’.
Overwhelmingly sex workers identified ‘help’ as a series of stigmatizing processes that were triggered upon the ‘moment of identification’ of being a sex worker. These series of stigmatizing processes were embedded in social courses of action undertaken by social service agencies and the police. This is important research as claims to ‘helping’ sex workers by social service agencies and the subsequent social relations this creates for sex workers are rarely examined in Canada from the standpoint of sex workers.
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Elmer, Paul. "The social construction of public relations labour." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558832.
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This study develops a sociological understanding of public relations work and workers. Its original contribution to knowledge is an account that conjoins personal dispositions and occupations; the person we become, and the work we do. Set in the UK, the analysis re-examines the complexity of practices, relationships and repertoires of behaviour that emerge from this contemporary form of service labour, and the economic and cultural logics that accompany them in a market for skills and persons. The study develops detailed information at the level of the working life in order to explore the subjective dispositions that subjects engage as they work. This emphasises the importance of habituated, embodied and emotional routines in performances of the occupational self, evaluated in part through an auto- ethnographic engagement. These practices take place under a labour market within which occupational performances accrue both symbolic and economic values. Public relations emerges as a limited extemporisation, a dynamic and relational social performance that both enacts and reproduces cultural and economic forms; a style of person doing a style of work. Within a study that is pluralised with regard to analysis and exploratory with regard to method, Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field and capitals are adopted as an explanatory framework in order to provide 'accounts of the ways that practitioners . , embody their labour, experience it as a competed act, and exchange cultural values for economic ones. The study engages reflexively with the object of study, offering to account for practices and develop experiential and observational knowledge. The conceptual model that emerges is integrative; it offers a relational and dynamic view of the occupation, provides direction for future study, and re-interprets practices in ways in ways that illuminate the long standing question of conduct, in this form of cultural labour.
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Neville, Brendan J. "Simulating social relations in multi-agent systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542940.
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Raabe, Bianca. "Citizenship? : young people, social relations and inequalities." Thesis, University of East London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310612.
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Banim, Maura. "Occupying houses : the social relations of tenure." Thesis, Durham University, 1986. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7095/.
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With the shifts in housing tenure patterns in post-war Britain being so decisive and apparently relentless, one of the main issues that concerns those involved with housing is that of the impact of mass home-ownership - especially on those groups new to the tenure. These concerns range from the possible effect of new home-owner ship on voting patterns and political allegiances; to the financial hardship that seems to be increasingly falling on low income owner occupiers; and to the domestic and familial changes entailed by two-income mortgages. It is towards assessing the impact of these changes more fully, that this thesis is aimed. In order to better understand the origins and effects of tenure shifts, two main points are made. Firstly, that the occupation of houses (of whatever tenure) is an issue that involves practically everyone in society, either as individual tenants/owners/homeless persons, or as groups of ratepayers/voters/neighbourhoods or as business/financial/political interests, or as any combination of these. Secondly, it is emphasised that the terms and conditions of the various tenures have been created and have been altered and adapted over time, and that the definition and meaning of the tenures is as crucial to the housing debate as the well-recognised tenure trends. Consequently, it is argued that the changing patterns and definitions of tenures have a crucial and far-reaching effect on wider social relations in society whilst, at the same time, these changes originate from and in part reflect, already occurring events in civil society.
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Rose, Howard John. "Social power, employment relations and organisational control." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336072.
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Chadwick, Stephen. "The social contract tradition and international relations." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU105576.
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This thesis is a study of the normative views of international relations proposed by philosophers in the social contract tradition of political theory. I have concentrated on the theories of Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant and Rawls. Part one of the thesis provides the theoretical background to the practical issues of international relations discussed in part two. In chapter one I summarise the main points in their political theories which are necessary for a full understanding of their views of international relations. Chapter two is concerned with general approaches to international relations - internationalism, cosmopolitanism and international moral scepticism. Throughout part two, I use the internationalist/cosmopolitan distinction in order to evaluate the international norms proposed by the contract theorists. Part two is concerned with practical problems of international relations. Chapter three concentrates on issues of war and peace. Many of the contract theorists propose internationalist just war theories, but I show that such principles do not necessarily conflict with a cosmopolitan conception of morality. Inter-state government is discussed in chapter four. I ask whether such an institution is the logical outcome of Hobbes' political theory, and examine proposals for an international federation by the Abbé de Saint-Pierre, who accepted much of Hobbes' domestic theory, and Kant who provides perhaps the most famous example. Chapter five is concerned with international distributive justice. I provide an interpretation of Locke's theory of property which leads to a radical stance in the international domain. As Rawls' theory of distributive justice has received much attention, I also examine how such a theory should apply to the international domain, paying particular attention to the views of Charles Beitz and Thomas Pogge.
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Poynton, Cate McKean. "Address and the Semiotics of Social Relations." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2297.
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This thesis is concerned with the realm of the interpersonal: broadly, those linguistic phenomena involved in the negotiation of social relations and the expression of personal attitudes and feelings. The initial contention is that this realm has been consistently marginalised not only within linguistic theory, but more broadly within western culture, for cultural and ideological reasons whose implications extend into the bases of classical linguistic theory. Chapter 1 spells out the grounds for this contention and is followed by two further chapters, constituting Part I: Language and Social Relations. Chapter 2 identifies and critiques the range of ways in which the interpersonal has been conventionally interpreted: as style, as formality, as politeness, as power and solidarity, as the expressive, etc. This chapter concludes with an argument for the need for a stratified model of language in order to deal adequately with these phenomena. Chapter 3 proposes such a model, based on the systemic-functional approach to language as social semiotic. The register category tenor within this model is extended to provide a model of social relations as a semiotic system. The basis for the identification of the three tenor dimensions, power, distance and affect, is the identification of three modes of deployment or realisation of the interpersonal resources of English in everyday discourse: reciprocity, proliferation and amplification. Parts II and III turn their attention to one significant issue in the negotiation of social relations: address. The focus is explicitly on Australian English, but there is considerable evidence that most if not all of the forms discussed in Part II occur in other varieties of English, especially British and American, and that some at least of the practices discussed in Part III involve the same patterns of social relations with respect to the tenor dimensions of power, distance and affect. Because most varieties of contemporary English do not have a set of options for second-person pronominal address, as is the case in many of the world's languages, English speakers use names and other nominal forms which need to be described. Part II is descriptive in orientation, providing an account of the grammar of VOCATION in English, including a detailed description of the nominal forms used. Chapter 4 investigates the identification and functions of vocatives, and includes empirical investigations of vocative position in clauses and vocative incidence in relation to speech function or speech act choices. Chapter 5 presents an account of the grammar of English name forms, organised as a paradigmatic system. This chapter incorporates an account of the processes used to produce the various name-forms used in address, including truncation, reduplication and suffixation. Chapter 6 consists of an account of non-name forms of address, organised in terms of the systemic-functional account of nominal group structure. This chapter deals with single-word non-name forms of address and the range of nominal group structures used particularly to communicate attitude, both positive and negative. Part III is ethnographic in orientation. It describes some aspects of the use of the forms described in Part II in contemporary address practice in Australia and interprets such practice using the model of social relations as semiotic system presented in Part I. The major focuses of attention is on address practice in relation to the negotiation of gender relations, with some comment on generational relations of adults with children, on class relations and on ethnic relations in nation with a diverse population officially committed to a policy of a multiculturalism. Part III functions simultaneously as a coda for this thesis, and a prologue for the kind of ethnographic study that the project was originally intended to be, but which could not be conducted in the absence of an adequate linguistically-based model of social relations and an adequate description of the resources available for address in English.
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Poynton, Cate McKean. "Address and the Semiotics of Social Relations." University of Sydney, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2297.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThis thesis is concerned with the realm of the interpersonal: broadly, those linguistic phenomena involved in the negotiation of social relations and the expression of personal attitudes and feelings. The initial contention is that this realm has been consistently marginalised not only within linguistic theory, but more broadly within western culture, for cultural and ideological reasons whose implications extend into the bases of classical linguistic theory. Chapter 1 spells out the grounds for this contention and is followed by two further chapters, constituting Part I: Language and Social Relations. Chapter 2 identifies and critiques the range of ways in which the interpersonal has been conventionally interpreted: as style, as formality, as politeness, as power and solidarity, as the expressive, etc. This chapter concludes with an argument for the need for a stratified model of language in order to deal adequately with these phenomena. Chapter 3 proposes such a model, based on the systemic-functional approach to language as social semiotic. The register category tenor within this model is extended to provide a model of social relations as a semiotic system. The basis for the identification of the three tenor dimensions, power, distance and affect, is the identification of three modes of deployment or realisation of the interpersonal resources of English in everyday discourse: reciprocity, proliferation and amplification. Parts II and III turn their attention to one significant issue in the negotiation of social relations: address. The focus is explicitly on Australian English, but there is considerable evidence that most if not all of the forms discussed in Part II occur in other varieties of English, especially British and American, and that some at least of the practices discussed in Part III involve the same patterns of social relations with respect to the tenor dimensions of power, distance and affect. Because most varieties of contemporary English do not have a set of options for second-person pronominal address, as is the case in many of the world's languages, English speakers use names and other nominal forms which need to be described. Part II is descriptive in orientation, providing an account of the grammar of VOCATION in English, including a detailed description of the nominal forms used. Chapter 4 investigates the identification and functions of vocatives, and includes empirical investigations of vocative position in clauses and vocative incidence in relation to speech function or speech act choices. Chapter 5 presents an account of the grammar of English name forms, organised as a paradigmatic system. This chapter incorporates an account of the processes used to produce the various name-forms used in address, including truncation, reduplication and suffixation. Chapter 6 consists of an account of non-name forms of address, organised in terms of the systemic-functional account of nominal group structure. This chapter deals with single-word non-name forms of address and the range of nominal group structures used particularly to communicate attitude, both positive and negative. Part III is ethnographic in orientation. It describes some aspects of the use of the forms described in Part II in contemporary address practice in Australia and interprets such practice using the model of social relations as semiotic system presented in Part I. The major focuses of attention is on address practice in relation to the negotiation of gender relations, with some comment on generational relations of adults with children, on class relations and on ethnic relations in nation with a diverse population officially committed to a policy of a multiculturalism. Part III functions simultaneously as a coda for this thesis, and a prologue for the kind of ethnographic study that the project was originally intended to be, but which could not be conducted in the absence of an adequate linguistically-based model of social relations and an adequate description of the resources available for address in English.
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Kingsford, Rachel. "Self-Rated Health and Community/Social Relations." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/98.
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This study was done to examine the relationship between self-rated health and social/community relations. Due to advances in modern medicine, multifactorial diseases are more prevalent than acute infectious diseases and a greater understanding of the impact sociological variables has on health is of great importance. In prior research, self-rated health has been demonstrated to be a robust predictor of mortality, even when controlling for other variables known to impact health. Presence of a strong social network and attachments to community have been shown to be protective of self-perceptions of health.
The Health and Living study was conducted in the Bear River Health District located in northern Utah in 2004 utilizing a mail survey. The relationship between self-rated health and social network indicators in addition to community attachment variables was evaluated statistically. Demographic variables were also analyzed. Church attendance, number of friends, income, age, and education were found to be statistically significant.
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Tarnopolska, I. "Integration of social-labor relations of Ukraine into the system of international relations." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11352.
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Olsson, Elin. "Social Relations in Youth : Determinants and Consequences of Relations to Parents, Teachers, and Peers." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutet för social forskning (SOFI), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-56122.
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The thesis includes three empirical studies on Swedish children’s well-being. Central themes in these studies are how children’s social relations are influenced by and influence other dimensions of their well-being. The studies are framed in the introductory chapter, which includes an international comparison of children’s social relations. Study I analyses whether relations with parents and teachers are associated with the adolescent’s social background and whether the positive consequences of having strong relations are more important for disadvantaged adolescents. The results, based on nationally representative survey data, confirm that strong social relations are conducive to adolescents’ school and psychological outcomes, and show that disadvantaged adolescents have weaker relations with parents and teachers. Furthermore, these results imply that relations with teachers are of particular importance for disadvantaged adolescents’ outcomes, while parental relations are equally important for both advantaged and disadvantaged adolescents. Study II investigates the social side of consumption by studying the association between adolescents’ economic resources and their relations with peers. Analyses on nationally representative survey data; which include children’s own responses, as well as information from parents and register data, show that economic resources, in terms of both household economy and adolescents’ own resources, are positively associated with peer relations. Study III analyses whether final grades in compulsory school are influenced by the sex composition in school classes. Analyses using register data show that boys’ grades are negatively affected by the share of girls in school classes in typical female school subjects. Girls’ grades are negatively affected by the share of boys with highly educated parents. The proposed explanation behind the results is that sex composition effects are due to negative social comparisons with the other sex.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted.
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Tattersall, Angela Louisa. "Social relations in the ICT workplace : the gender dimensions of social capital." Thesis, University of Salford, 2010. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26933/.
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This thesis is about social relations in the ICT workplace and the gender dimensions of social capital. The concept of 'social capital' has only recently been recognised in studies of organisations, yet its legitimacy is clear in terms of being an important tool for career success. The gender dimensions of social capital are also significant by their absence in analysis. How social capital is formed, utilised and accessed by groups differ and a lack of valued social capital lies at the heart of what prevents women moving up organisational hierarchies. I place gender firmly in the centre of investigating the experiences of women in the ICT labour market and how social capital shaped their careers. Underpinning and informing the research is that women working in the ICT labour market are in a 'token' or 'minority1 position, severely under-represented and facing a chilly organisational climate. Mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion within the ICT workplace are engrained in informal work practices. Taking a critical feminist approach I conducted 27 in-depth interviews between 2004 and 2007 and 195 respondents completed an on-line questionnaire in 2005. Findings are discussed using Kanter's framework of 'Visibility', 'Polarisation' and 'Assimilation' to understand the role of social capital for women in a minority position within ICT organisations. This framework is extended to centralise the issue of gender and social relations and how these are played out. My research reveals that women face problems with regard to heightened visibility, exclusion, isolation and stereotyping. The social relations formed are on the terms and conditions of the male majority and women are disproportionately underrepresented in terms of power, policy and decision making. I discuss a number of changes needed in policy IXand organisational practice, whilst making significant contribution to the under theorised area of social capital and the importance of gender dimensions.
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Boguslaw, Janet. "Social partnerships and social relations : new strategies in workforce and economic development /." New York, NY [u.a.] : Routledge, 2002. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0651/2001034980-d.html.
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Lloyd, Kirsten Ruth. "Social documents : the mediation of social relations in lens-based contemporary art." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25934.
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This thesis examines the trajectory of the ‘social document’ in contemporary art since 1989. Though art’s turn towards documentary modes has now been widely noted, this study establishes a longer, more complex engagement with the dialogue between the lens and the situational immediacy of artists’ social interventions. I argue that the social documents that arise through the reconfigured artwork can be connected with the demand for the circulation of social knowledge and increasingly urgent questions of realism, a methodology that divided the avant-garde and neo-avant-garde of the 20th century. Central issues broached by the thesis include the demand for the extraction and re-articulation of truth, the role of visual representation in the address to totality and the emergence of (independent) knowledge and (critical) pedagogy as key sites of struggle. My analysis begins, in Part I, with a selective mapping of the historical terrain through which I offer re-readings of prescient works produced in the 1960s and 1970s in a range of capitalist and state socialist contexts including Mary Kelly, Grupo de Artistas de Vanguardia and Sanja Iveković. I then move on to a more detailed appraisal of the ascendancy of the social document in art following the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the consolidation of global capitalism, situating its various calibrations in relation to what I call biopolitical globalisation. Part II takes a thematic approach to the material, using case studies to examine a) the curatorial narrativisation and production of social documents, b) the relevance of feminist elaborations on theories of social reproduction to analyses of the social document and art history, c) the persistent invocation of ethics in discussions of works that document the social subjects of the new economy, d) the implications of addressing the social document as a realist enterprise. Artists discussed in Part II include Anton Vidokle, Martha Rosler, WochenKlausur, Dani Marti and Pilvi Takala.
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Wu, Mu-Chun. "The spatial construct of social relations : social transformation in early Kaushi, Taiwan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:88dc5768-3800-46c4-960f-2266c9da3b5a.
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This research attempts to extend the application of spatial analysis to the investigation of human agency in social relations. Marcos Llobera's research framework on modelling daily experience and social space showcases great potentials of utilising Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to explore the perception and behaviour of individual agents. By expanding Llobera's work and incorporating Tim Ingold's wayfaring theory to explore the human agency in the context of social relations, this research proposes a new analytical method to investigate social relations through the accumulation of intimate interactions. Exemplified with detailed analysis on two settlements of Kaushi people in Taiwan, the proposed analytical method demonstrates great strength and yields fruitful insights into their social structure and transformation. In addition, this method is particularly instrumental in unravelling specific relations between individuals, as well as between social groups. The application of this method on Kaushi settlements yielded fruitful insights of their social structure and transformation. On the other hand, the side products of this approach can be further employed to investigate the visual structure and movement intensity of a site, as well as to experiment alternative 'what if' scenarios relating to visibility, movement, and interaction. In sum, this research augments the potential of spatial analysis to explore human agency in a social context and lays out a further platform for the investigation of social relations at a settlement scale.
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Grimes, Kimberly McCabe. "Negotiating borders: Social relations, migration processes and social change in Oaxaca, Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187361.
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The investigation of the relationships between migration processes and the reconstructions of social identities and of social relations within local, national and international contexts illustrates how social change in an Oaxacan community in Mexico is a complex, multi-faceted process. This study examines how migration processes and social change shape and are shaped by people and practices in specific historical moments interacting dialectically with broader social, economic and political structures. By paying greater attention to the quotidian and to the choices that people make as they go about their daily lives, the heterogeneity and multiplicity of community members' subjectivities and experiences are highlighted. Gender, ethnicity, race, age, class, sexuality, and religion are examined as crucial variables in processes of social differentiation and in the social reproduction of gender/racial/class hierarchies in which women and men are situated. The research applies the concept of hegemony to demonstrate that power is not separate from meaning; the social construction of meanings plays an important role in the creation of consent, collaboration or resistance. Community members have internalized their own domination through hegemonic processes, reproducing the dominant social order, yet they frequently challenge their own particular social locations within this social order. Migration processes and the globalization of communication and consumption in advanced capitalism have played key roles in these processes. New experiences and information technologies have led to a redefining and re-presenting of meanings and practices which have had negative and positive impacts on individuals, on families and on the community.
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Tjulin, Åsa. "Workplace Social Relations in theReturn-to-Work process." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Arbetslivsinriktad rehabilitering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57658.
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The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the impact of workplace social relations on the implementation of return-to-work interventions. The thesis consists of four separate papers with specific aims. In Paper I, the overall purpose of the study was to analyse how a multi-stakeholder return-to-work programme was implemented and experienced from the perspective of the stakeholders involved, i.e. supervisors, occupational health consultants and a project coordinator. The objective was to identify and analyse how these stakeholders perceived that the programme had been implemented in relation to its intentions. In Paper II, the objective was to explore how workplace actors experience social relations, and how organisational dynamics in workplace-based return-to-work start before and extend beyond the initial return of the sick-listed worker to the workplace. In Paper III, the objective was to explore the meaning of early contact in return-to-work, and how social relational actions and conditions can facilitate or impede early contact among workplace actors. In Paper IV, the objective was to explore the role of co-workers in the return-to-work process, and their contribution to the process, starting from when a colleague falls ill, continuing when he/she subsequently becomes sick-listed and finally when he/she re-enters the workgroup. The general methodological approach to the papers in this thesis has been explorative and interpretive; qualitative methods have been used, involving interviews, group interviews and collection of employer policies on return-to-work. The data material has been analysed through back-and-forth abductive (Paper I), and inductive (Papers II-IV) content analysis. The main findings from Paper I show that discrepancies in the interpretations of policy intentions between key stakeholders (project coordinator, occupational health consultants and supervisors) created barriers for implementing the employer-based return-to-work programme, due to lack of communication, support, coaching and training activities of key stakeholders dedicated to the biopsychosocial intentions of the programme. In Papers II-IV, the workplace actors (re-entering workers, co-workers, supervisors and/or human resources manager) experienced the return-to-work process as phases (time before the sick leave, when on sick leave, when re-entering the workplace, and future sustainability). The findings highlight the importance and relevance of the varied roles of the different workplace actors during the identified phases of the return-to-work process. In particular, the positive contribution of co-workers, and their experience of shifting demands and expectations during each phase, is acknowledged. During the period of time before sick leave the main findings show how workplace actors experience the meaning of early contact within a social relational context, and how early contact is more than an activity that is merely carried out (or not carried out). The findings show how workplace actors experience uncertainties about how and when contact should take place, and the need to balance possible infringement that early contact might cause for the re-entering worker between pressure to return to work and their private health management. The findings in this thesis show how the workplace is a socially complex dynamic setting, which challenges some static models of return-to-work. The biopsychosocial and ecological/case management models and policies for return-to-work have been criticised for neglecting social relations in a return-to-work process at the workplace. This thesis provides increased knowledge and explanations regarding important factors in workplace social relations that facilitate an understanding of what might “make or break” the return-to-work process.
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Livingstone, Andrew George. "Social identity content and norms in intergroup relations." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426166.
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Malatras, Christos. "Social structure and relations in fourteenth century Byzantium." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4063/.
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Byzantine society was highly stratified in the fourteenth century. The main division was understood as one between rich and poor or the archontes and the demos, a division which represented both inequalities in the social status of an individual and in the distribution of material wealth and political power. Elements outside this division, namely the middle class, can be identified, yet they could not be introduced into the schema. Social inequality would be expressed through a number of gestures and the exhibition of deference towards a social superior, who in turn showed his snobbery. Moreover, there existed social networks of different types. Most importantly, the patronage system of social relations, which dominated Byzantine society, seriously hindered the development of other horizontal social groups, including class divisions. This system is identified as having contributed to the lack of direction of late Byzantine society. This picture of Byzantine society is collaborated by three case studies: a) a thorough analysis of the social structure and relations in a provincial society, Serres, b) the analysis of two social networks, the two factions of the second civil war, having as a main question the degree of class consciousness in Byzantine society, c) the analysis of the social structure and relations in the besieged Constantinople at the very end of the fourteenth century.
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Abra, Gordon. "Structural Change in Exchange Relations." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1411%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Axelsson, Emma. "Corporate Social Responsibility : En studie av företags sociala ansvarstagande." Thesis, Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-5581.
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Campbell, Colin. "A social constructivist analysis of civil-military relations : US-Mexican bilateral military relations, 2000-2008." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/1189/.
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This thesis looks at the nature of civil-military relations in the post-Cold War and the post-9/11 era through the theoretical lens of social constructivism. The study looks at the inter-relationship between the respective civil-military relations and US-Mexican bilateral ties from a constructivist perspective, with the aim of deconstructing the ideational structures of civil-military relations within the state and the state based international system to promote stronger organic structures for civilian control over the state agents of violence. The aim of thesis is to provide a theoretical model to both unite the theoretical rationale for the humanisation, indeed demilitarisation, of security concerns within the Western Hemisphere and in particular the US and Mexico. Hence, creating a novel theoretical model for the understanding and explanation of civil-military and bilateral relations.
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Spivey, Wanda Wall. "Public contracting performance measurement: a study of social relations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47666.
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This research questions whether there is evidence that contract performance measurement is influenced by the social structure in which it is embedded. I question whether the strong ties between a prime contractor and its subcontractors lead to higher performance scores in public contracting. I also question if prior relations between a Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) manager and the private firm project manager whose work is being evaluated lead to higher performance scores.
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Salmond, Jacqueline L. "THE SOCIAL RELATIONS OF TOURISM ON THE PERHENTIAN ISLANDS." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/2.
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In recent years there has been an increase in the adoption of tourism as an economic strategy in many developing nations and a growing interest in how communities and individuals engage with tourism. This parallels research which aims to uncover alternative readings of community participation in forms of economic and social development. This research uses tourism as a lens to understand the economic subjectivity of communities engaged in tourism. Focusing on how the local populations understand, experience and participate in tourism, it paints a picture of the Perhentian Islands which challenges existing understandings of individual and community participation in tourism. The research is broadly framed as a post-development project which highlights the grass-roots and bottom-up nature of small-scale developments and focuses on the ways in which local populations are actively engaged with tourism. It draws attention to the role played by discourse and subjectivity in constructing and reframing understandings of the individual within tourism development. Such discursive constructs can be actively co-opted as a political tool to empower individuals and communities by reconstructing understandings of local engagement in tourism. By recreating understandings of community engagement with tourism, it becomes possible to create new subjectivities outside of the framework of hegemonic capital.
The methodology for this project incorporated participatory action research methods in order to facilitate community benefit through the research process. Research techniques involved both quantitative and qualitative methods in a number of settings. Ethnographic methods involving participant observation and in-depth interviews were complemented with focus groups, and property surveys. Research focused on key themes which were areas of interest identified by community members as well as questions which explored individual motivations for tourism work. In this situation, a number of motivations for engagement with tourism employment emerged. The individuals were actively seeking their employment, rather than passively accepting tourism from a limited number of choices. There were also similarities between hosts and guests which emerged, challenging the usual binary construction.
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Farrelly, Carol M. "Imaginative slaves : Thomas Hardy, social relations, and Victorian readers." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249090.
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Imaginative Slaves explores the question of how Thomas Hardy imagined and addressed his contemporary readers. The representative or ideal reader sparked incessant conflict between all those who controlled the late-nineteenth-century reading industry. This thesis attempts to understand Hardy's imagined readers as constructs which he developed and shaped in largely antagonistic response to his culture's dominant conceptions of the reader, especially the oppressively pervasive conceptions held by publishers, editors, circulating libraries, and critics. All these conceptions tended to circle around the powerful reader of the day: the middle-class reader. Questions of class and gender, therefore, are particularly important to this thesis which very much grounds Hardy and his readers in their cultural, historical context. Hardy's unconventional, contentious attitudes towards his readers are considered as challenges to class and gender divisions, challenges, indeed, to the hardening Victorian social system. Hardy's novels, ultimately, question the belief that people are and should be members of narrowly defined, divisive social strata. Imaginative Slaves begins with a general discussion of Victorian reading culture, its structure, forms, ruling ideas, values, misconceptions, and anxieties. Moving on to consider perhaps the dominant conception of the reader, the Young Girl, it examines Hardy's struggles with this reader figure. Other important conceptions of the reader and reading are then tackled: the sensation reader and the working-class reader whose shadowy, threatening figure haunted and motivated many of the middle-class strictures placed on fiction such as Hardy's. The thesis ends with a consideration of both Hardy's legacy in the form of theatrical adaptations and the interpretive and social implications ofactual readers' theatrical reinvention of his novels. This thesis also implicitly questions recent critics' understandings of the popular or non-academic reader. Imaginonve Slaves, emulating Hardy, attempts to offer a rich, challenging, and socially grounded portrayal of readers which recognizes the potential power ofthe reader and the reading process
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McIntee, V. "Police public relations in the age of social media." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2016. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/15574/.
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This research examines the concept of public relations in the English police; what it is, how it has changed and the problems police forces now face with regard to communications. The last two decades has seen a transformation within police public relations as it has become increasingly standardised, corporatized, professionalised and more open, playing a key part in the police transparency agenda. Police officers have been replaced by civilian experts as the departments have grown in size which has led to changes in the structure, strategy and ideology as these departments have adapted to the new challenges posed by social media, severely restricted budgets, apparent loss of public confidence and public cynicism. Since 2009 England’s police forces have become increasingly active online. There is very little research, however, into how and why social media is being used by the police, how it fits into the broader communication strategies, and how this is changing traditional police public relations. During this study a national comparison of police forces was undertaken to investigate these issues. What emerged was a picture of dynamic tension between change and continuity within police communications around identity, ideology, form and function. Once an understaffed, ancillary function, affiliated to but not part of ‘real police work’, most police public relations departments are now considered an “operationally essential” part of modern policing in their force. Social media has enabled police forces to communicate directly to and with large segments of the populous for the first time. This research has also identified strong evidence of the emergence of a new model, that of ‘direct and digital’ within police communications. This new approach appears to be moving police communications from primarily a reactive service to a proactive dialogical one that is increasingly looking to engage with audiences directly online rather than through conventional methods.
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Powers, Kathleen E. "Beyond Identity: Social Relations for International Conflict and Cooperation." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436885537.
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Hampson, Keith C. (Keith Christopher) Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "Consumer culture and social relations: white middle class nostalgia." Ottawa, 1994.
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Franks, Lynda. "Revisiting Invasion-Succession: Social Relations in a Gentrifying Neighborhood." PDXScholar, 2005. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2880.
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This thesis examines the social relationships of different residents in a gentrifying neighborhood in Northeast Portland, Oregon. It examines theoretical tenants in the social identity tradition to understand social change in terms of the impact of neighborhood change on the day-to-day interactions of individuals in a gentrifying neighborhood by exploring the ways in which different members of that neighborhood define and describe the terms “neighborhood”, “neighbor”, and “neighborly behavior”.
Intergroup neighboring research posits two outcomes of neighborhood change on interactions between old and new neighbors, one of conflict, the other of cooperation. The conflict perspective proposes that, in situations where new, higher income, better educated, socially dominant group members move into a previously lower-income, racially-mixed neighborhood, communication between old and new neighbors is limited by group differences in values and priorities.
Conversely, research in cooperative intergroup neighboring in times of change demonstrates that the different members can, under certain conditions, collectively act to address adverse changes to their shared environment. Conditions promoting between-group cooperation in a changing environment include a history of neighborhood political activism, an atypical ideological attraction to diversity, and the ability to articulate common interests and goals.
The thesis examines the applicability of these two perspectives through a qualitative case study of "neighboring" relations in a portion of King Neighborhood. It specifically seeks to understand how residents' stated perceptions and observed outcomes can be related to issues in class-classism, race-racism, and length of residence in the neighborhood or if other factors such as reasons for choosing this neighborhood, prior and recent experiences, and one's ideological/cultural worldview supersede economic-racial concerns.
The study found that the ‘different residents’ viewed neighborhood, in general, and their neighborhood and neighbors, in particular, through a variety of filters. While ‘race’ was mentioned in describing past interactions, respondents focused more on the broad, albeit mundane, factors of everyday life such as friendliness, approachability, and speaking rather than specific racial-ethnic or economic-class differences. These results are consistent with intergroup neighboring cohesion research showing that class and race are not readily important when neighborhood is viewed as a place of comfort, self-expression, or desired relaxation.
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Kohm, Amelia Margaret. "Bullying and social dilemmas : the role of social context in anti-social behaviour." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548959.
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Research and interventions concerning anti-social behaviour have neglected the bad behaviour of “good” people or those who typically behave pro-socially. Additionally, past and current research and practice in this area have often neglected how factors in one’s current environment influence behaviour. Instead, the focus has been on how individual characteristics—borne of the interplay of genetic composition and environmental influences over time—result in anti-social behaviour. However, evidence suggests immediate contexts can foster even atypical behaviour, behavior not correlated with genetic and long-term environmental influences. The thesis is presented in four parts. Part One introduces the idea that immediate group context can have a significant effect on anti-social behaviour, particularly that of “good” people. Part Two reviews research on the impact of social dynamics on behaviour. Part Three presents the empirical study on the role of a particular group dynamic, social dilemmas, in relation to a specific type of anti-social behaviour, bullying. Finally, Part Four considers the implications of the thesis for future research and practice. Social dilemmas are situations in which individual motives are at odds with the best interests of the group and help to explain why individuals sometimes make anti-social decisions. The study at the core of this thesis tested two hypotheses: 1) both individual and group factors are associated with behaviour in bullying situations; and 2) attitudes, group norms, and social dilemmas each have a unique contribution to predicting behaviour in bullying situations. Participants were 292 middle school students at a residential school in the U.S., and data were analysed using multi-level modelling. The primary findings were, in general, consistent with the two hypotheses. The research suggests that social dilemma dynamics might be an important group factor in predicting behaviour in bullying situations.
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Gibbs, Chris. "Twitter's impact on sports media relations." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/18588.
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The introduction of Social Media (SM) into sports communications in professional leagues is disrupting the traditional methods of sports media relations. In the past, teams used websites to post information for fans, but it was strictly a one-way format of communication whereby a story was posted for fans to read. To fully engage with this new communication channel, the sports communications departments in professional leagues have begun to use SM to communicate directly with fans through platforms like Twitter and Facebook. Currently, SM like Twitter allows the team communication departments to communicate directly with fans in an interactive two-way format that is not mediated by a reporter or someone from a traditional media outlet. In addition, the open format of SM means that media relations staff are no longer the only intermediary between the media and the players; through the use of SM like Twitter, a professional athlete can now communicate directly to fans without gatekeepers like the media or the sports communications department of the team. This thesis will explore how SM has changed media relations from several different perspectives. The first perspective is related to the risks that are associated with the use of SM by professional athletes: without an intermediary or a filter for athlete-fan communication, many athletes have caused irreparable damage to their reputation and the reputation of their team. The second perspective is related to the benefits for teams that use SM as a platform to connect with fans: the ability to connect with fans using SM is new to sports communications and represents an interactive one-to-one and one-to-many mode of communication through which the fan can directly communicate with the team. Finally, this research will look at how Twitter has changed media relations in sports from the perspective of the lived experiences of people who work in sports media. To explore the risks associated with athletes’ use of social media, this research used Situational Crisis Communication Theory as a theoretical framework to explore reputation-damaging incidents that occurred through social media. The study reviewed national media stories reported in North America from 2009 to 2010 that were perceived to have negative impact on athletes’ reputation. In total, 17 incidents were reviewed — seven incidents in particular demonstrated the athlete as the source of the SM crisis. Through the review and categorization of these 17 situations, the study was able to identify four broad categories of situations that a sports communication manager needs to be prepared for. The four categories identified were “Rookie Reporter”, “Team Insider”, “Opportunist”, and “Imposter”. Each of these categories are invaluable for team communication managers to recognize in order to address the risks associated with social media. To explore the benefits associated with the communications department’s use of social media, this research used Uses and Gratification theory as a theoretical framework to explore how and why fans followed team Twitter accounts. This study was conducted in partnership with the Canadian Football League (CFL) and a total of 526 people responded to an online survey that was tweeted out to them for their feedback. The results of the survey indicated several significant findings — in particular, the phenomenon of converged sports fan consumption was identified, which has not been previously acknowledged in academic research. The phenomenon of converged sports fan refers to the multi-screen environment whereby a sports fan decides where, when, and how they want to consume sporting content. This research identified that in-game consumption of SM while watching television and the mobile consumption of SM are both dominant ways for fans to interact with their teams. This multi-modal format of connecting with the team supports the idea of Henry Jenkins’s Black Box Fallacy (2006, p. 13): as teams move forward in developing communications platforms to reach their fans, they will need to recognize that all channels can and do work together. In order to further understand how Twitter has changed sports media relations, the study used long semi-structured interviews with a phenomenological research design to understand how Twitter has impacted sports media relations. The phenomenological analysis of the informant interviews suggested that Twitter is the source of three themes of change: general media relations, mechanical job functions, and other changes specific to sports media relations. The significance of Twitter’s impact on sports media relations cannot be understated. With the ubiquitous use of SM like Twitter, it is important to understand how sports media relations can use SM to manage the image of their respective teams and athletes. After looking at SM and sports from three different perspectives, the pivotal finding was the role that Twitter and mobile communications play in ‘flattening’ sports media relations. Similar to how Friedman (2006) argued that the convergence of the personal computer drove globalization, Twitter and the increased adoption of mobile communications have flattened the role of sports media relations. This research will explain how the flattening of sports media relations happened and what the implications might be for sports media professionals.
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Bergevin, Tanya A. "Relational and physical aggression in late childhood : links to social adjustment in group and dyadic relations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ39440.pdf.
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Bosacki, Sandra Leanne. "Theory of mind in preadolescence, connections among social understanding, self-concept, and social relations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq41405.pdf.
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Vilčko, Vincent. "Možnosti využitia sociálnych sietí v Public Relations." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74923.
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This thesis aims to analyze the situation on the field of public business and social networks in the world and Czech Republic. It represents the types of software designed for implementation in a business environment and subsequent processing of the relevant data obtained from these networks. The second part focuses on the area of the Public Relations in the local business environment, identifying opportunities for evaluating the contribution for the company and discusses how PR links with emerging trends of everyday use of virtual social networks in companies and in corporate environments.
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Gil, Gutierrez Cintia. "Le Mexique et l'UE les relations intergouvernementales : étude de la relation bilatérale entre le Mexique et l'Allemagne." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENH031/document.
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Les relations internationales ont mis en évidence le rôle intégrateur du dialogue politique dans la promotion des objectifs, des intérêts nationaux, des engagements et des perceptions de l'État, et des organisations non gouvernementales. Les études consacrées à la relation entre l'UE et le Mexique concluent à une véritable transformation de la relation politique en raison de la signature de l'Accord global. Dès les premières années, les analyses se sont attachées à décrire les perceptions des négociations, le règlement ainsi que la perspective qui a complété les nouvelles composantes de la relation: le dialogue politique et la coopération. D'une façon générale, l'opinion commune semble faciliter le dialogue et les différentes propositions qui définissent la coopération, malgré l'ambiguïté de la situation qui résulte de la complexité de la communication entre les partenaires. L'objectif de cette recherche est d'analyser les interactions au sein du dialogue politique destiné à un approfondissement de la relation bilatérale, mais aussi d'analyser les éléments qui le composent et les formes de dialogue constituées par les autorités mexicaines et européennes. Deuxièmement, étant donné la nécessité de maintenir un programme commun bilatéral, il est important de réviser la coopération. Pour le cas de l'Allemagne et le Mexique, l'étude vise à présenter les effets de la relation dans des termes différents. Autrement dit, il y a de nouvelles formes de collaborations distinguées par l'action consensuelle afin de bénéficier d'une participation plus large. A ce processus il faut ajouter d'autres organisations non gouvernementales liées aux différents niveaux de gouvernement et des institutions qui mettent en évidence l'action des communautés épistémiques transnationales à travers les coalitions et les réseaux qui apparaissent entre les acteursInternational relations have highlighted the integrating role of political dialogue in promoting objectives of national interests, commitments and perceptions of the State, and non-governmental organizations. Studies on the relationship between the EU and Mexico have established that there has been a genuine transformation of the political relationship because of the signing of the Global Agreement. From the early years, those studies focused on describing the perceptions of negotiation, the legal-normative framework, and the perspective that has complemented the new features of the relationship: namely, political dialogue and cooperation. In general, the common opinion seems to facilitate dialogue and different proposals that define cooperation, despite the ambiguity of the situation resulting from the complexity of communication between partners. The objective of this research is to analyze the interactions within the political dialogue aimed at deepening the bilateral relationship but also to analyze its components and forms of dialogue established by the Mexican and European authorities. Second, given the need for maintaining a joint bilateral agreement, it is important to review the nature of cooperation. This study highlights the special case of collaboration between Germany and Mexico, with the aim of presenting the effects of the relationship in different terms. In other words, there are new forms of collaboration distinguished by consensual action in order to benefit from wider participation. In this process one cannot leave out non-governmental organizations that have ties with different levels of government and institutions, which highlights the activities of transnational epistemic communities through coalitions and networks that emerge between the actors
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Walter, Kate Elizabeth. "Public relations ethics and social networking sites ethics of public relations agencies that use MySpace and Facebook /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024740.
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Brito, Rodrigo. "The psychological distinction between social entities and social categories =: La distinction psychologique entre entités sociales et catégories sociales." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211223.
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Cho, Sooyoung. "The power of public relations." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3204594.
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Peters, Hana. "Need for approval from social networks." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1593.
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Kotsovilis, Spyridon Demetrius. "Identity and ethnic conflict : their social-psychological and cognitive dimensions." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33294.
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This thesis looks into the role of identity in ethnic conflict from social-psychological and cognitive perspectives.The literature of Social Psychology suggests that one strategy of social groups under pressure or threat is to revert to their collective identity and manipulate it in ways that yield a distinct positive value for group members. Focusing on the main proponent of this view, Social Identity Theory, and transposing its premises onto an ethnic level, an Ethnic Identity Theory is proposed that explains ethnic identity's utility for the positive self-esteem of members of an ethnic group during a time of crisis.
As far as the cognitive aspect is concerned, the focus moves on to the individual level of analysis. It explores the issue of how information may be represented in the human brain, and proposes that it is due to particular 'exclusive' cognitive strategies of knowledge categorization, storing and re-processing that ethnic conflict is enhanced. Borrowing from Artificial Intelligence literature on Schemata and Frame theory, ethnic identity is treated as a frame with multiple slots for various traits that comprise an ethnic identity. Such modeling helps illustrate how properties related to the architecture of these mental structures result in the constructed ethnic identities becoming more rigid---their individual traits acquiring singular importance and, once challenged, affecting the whole identity.
This study concludes by pointing that, if intransigence and inflexibility concerning ethnic identity traits begins on a cognitive micro-level, then, little progress towards peace should be expected in on-going ethnic conflicts, unless cognitively unbiased third parties are involved in peace-making, and unless their involvement includes action on a cognitive-learning level to change convictions about warring groups members' perception of their own as well as others' ethnic identities.
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CAMPOS, DIEGO DE SOUZA ARAUJO. "A STUDY ABOUT SLAVERY AND ITS RELATIONS WITH SOCIAL HIERARCHY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11408@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRONesta dissertação, procurar-se-á compreender a escravidão por meio de análise histórica de sociedades escravocratas para, só então, partir para o caso brasileiro. Elucidar-se-á que a hierarquia social constitui a chave para a compreensão da instituição escravocrata através da História. A análise da escravidão desde a antiguidade bíblica mostra que ao longo do tempo a instituição moldou-se a diferentes culturas e povos, trazendo sempre uma característica basilar: a hierarquia social como legitimadora do controle de algumas pessoas sobre outras. O caso brasileiro não foi diferente, mas com nuanças notórias. No Brasil, paralelamente à hierarquia, o amálgama das três raças permitiu que a miscigenação fosse inserida no código social brasileiro, com fortes ramificações após o fim da sociedade escravocrata. Na sociedade brasileira, fortemente hierarquizada, a mestiçagem serviu para dissolver, ou melhor, aproximar as camadas sociais, mantendo diferenciações originais que são de grau e não de qualidade. Sendo assim, para o melhor entendimento das relações raciais pós - abolição, o estudo das heranças e particularidades da escravidão torna-se substancial.
This dissertation seeks to study slavery through an analysis of the institution of slavery in history and then focuses on the Brazilian slavery system. The work explains that social hierarchy constitutes the key to understand slavery through history. Ever since biblical time, slavery was forged in a number of different cultures and societies with the same characteristic: social hierarchy as the element that legitimated the control of a few by others. The Brazilian case was not different but had significant particularities. In Brazil, parallel to social hierarchy, the amalgam of the three races permitted miscegenation to be inserted in the Brazilian social code, with strong ramifications even after emancipation. In Brazilian society, miscegenation served to dissolve, that is to say, to bring together social groups, maintaining original differences based on social level rather than on quality. Therefore, to best understand Brazilian race relations, the heritage and particularities of the institution in Brazil will be discussed in this dissertation.
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Almfleah, A. M. A. "Social media use by public relations departments in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/44777/.
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The aim of this research is to study and compare the use of social media by public relations departments in the Saudi Telecommunications Company (STC) and The Saudi Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Saudi MCI). An integration of cross-sectional and archival research designs was implemented using both secondary and primary data. Qualitative primary data was collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews, with 12 purposively selected senior public relations and communications’ officials PR and communication practitioners working at STC (n= 7) and Saudi MCI (n= 5). Quantitative primary data was collected through web-administered surveys designed using Google survey Forms (N= 511) and whose links were placed in the STC (n= 262) and Saudi MCI (n= 249) with Facebook pages and Twitter handles. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 21, after data preparation and arrangement in Microsoft Excel 2013 Interview and archival data were analysed using inductive content and thematic analysis, which led to the development of thematic maps. The findings showed that both STC and Saudi MCI use social media to publicise their activities through public information, lobby public support for their positions, enhance information quality and provide a question and answer platform for their publics. Findings show that both STC and Saudi MCI were ethical in their PR practices. The usage of Facebook and Twitter changed the way STC and MCI PR practitioners engage with their publics and stakeholders by easing contacts between the organisation and the public, allowing the public access to important information and enabling the public a voice in the engagement especially through criticising the organisation. The findings also showed that the private and public organisations in Saudi Arabia exploit the social media affordances comprising visibility, editability, persistence, and association.
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Howse, Daniel. "Governance, social relations and popular politics in eighteenth century Norwich." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/67078/.
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Khalili, Shavarini Nazanin. "Analysis of spatio-social relations in a photographic archive (Flickr)." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2725/.
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This thesis aims to study and analyse the complex spatio-social relations among social entities who interact together in a spatially structured social group. This aim is approached in three steps: 1. Collecting and classifying spatio-social data, 2. Disambiguating place names that people use to refer to their homes and 3. Analysis of data of this kind (numerical and visual). The source of spatio-social data used in this work is Flickr. Flickr is a yahoo photo sharing site. Users have a social network of friends and a collection of photos on their profiles. According to available statistics1 the Flickr database contains more than three billion photos, out of which a hundred million are geo-tagged. In retrieving data from Flickr database two different samples have been explored. Initially a random collection of photos that have been uploaded in Flickr during the examined periods has been collected on a daily basis. This is followed by much narrower and more precise criteria for the second data sampling that resulted in Flickr sample GB data. The thesis concludes that location dominates a significant pattern in online behavior of social entities who interact together via internet. The core contributions of this thesis are in the areas of: 1. Extracting indicative sample from very large data sets, 2. Disambiguation of place names that people use in their natural language to refer to their home locations and 3. Proposing potential new insights into behaviors of social entities with spatio-social relations. Overall, the popularity of social networking sites and availability of data that can be obtained from the web (whether people provide voluntarily or can be retrieve as a consequence of online interactions) are likely to continue the increasing trend in future. In addition, the realm of spatio-social data analysis and its visualization also continue to expand, as do the types of maps that are achievable, the visualization packages that the maps can be built with, the number of map users and improved gazetteers with more comprehensive coverage of vague terms. Therefore, the developed methods, algorithm and applications in this study can be beneficial to researchers in social and e-social sciences, those who are interested in developing and maintaining social networking sites, geographers who work on disambiguation of fuzzy vernacular geographic terms, visualization and spatial data analysts in general and those who are looking for development and accommodation of better business strategies (i.e. localization and personalization). 1 (http://www.Flickr.com, retrieved 20/07/09)