Journal articles on the topic 'Social Reactions Questionnaire'
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Ullman, Sarah E., Mark Relyea, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, and Sidney Bennett. "A Short Measure of Social Reactions to Sexual Assault: The Social Reactions Questionnaire-Shortened." Violence and Victims 32, no. 6 (2017): 1096–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-16-00066.
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Social reactions to disclosures of sexual assault have significant effects on women’s postassault recovery. However, being the most widely used measure of these reactions, the 48-item Social Reactions Questionnaire (SRQ; Ullman, 2000) is too long for some research and evaluation efforts. Thus, we developed a 16-item short version, the Social Reactions Questionnaire-Shortened (SRQ-S). Three preexisting college and community samples of women survivors (N = 1,012; 1,084; and 344) were used to determine which SRQ items were most related to psychological symptoms and could form reliable subscales. The brief version was then administered in a college and community sample of 447 women survivors. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) and supporting psychometrics showed the SRQ-S reliably measures three general scales of the SRQ (Turning Against, Unsupportive Acknowledgment, Positive Reactions) as well as eight 2-item subscales (e.g., Blame). The SRQ-S provides researchers and interventionists with a brief alternative measure to the original SRQ.
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Ullman, Sarah E. "Psychometric Characteristics of the Social Reactions Questionnaire: A Measure of Reactions to Sexual Assault Victims." Psychology of Women Quarterly 24, no. 3 (September 2000): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb00208.x.
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Howarth, Henrietta, and Michael J. Griffin. "Development of a social survey questionnaire of reactions to vibration in residential buildings." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (May 2008): 3667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2935000.
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LeBlanc, Marc, and Nguyen Thi-Hau. "Réactions sociales à la déviance." Acta Criminologica 7, no. 1 (January 19, 2006): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017032ar.
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Abstract SOCIAL REACTION TO DEVIANCE : AN EXPLORATORY STUDY The object of this exploratory study is to analyse social reactions to deviance by endeavouring to show some of the mechanisms of these re- actions. To do this, we have isolated deviant behaviour from its situational elements in order to study the fluctuations of reactions according to the nature of the deviance, and according to the categories of those reacting to the deviance. The instrument of measurement is a questionnaire which was administered to a random sample for pre-testing. This sample was drawn from the metropolitan region of Montreal. The data analysis is concerned with the degree of generality, consensus, consistency and contingency of reactions in terms of the nature of the deviant behaviour. The results showed the reactions to be surprisingly general. The regularity of the continuum drawn by the indices of contingency and those of strictly punitive consensus was remarkable. This exploratory study gives interested researchers information on crime-deviance continuums and social reactions to deviance. The continuum of social reactions is clearly defined, and this gives us reason to believe it would be possible to introduce an order of importance in the evaluation of social reactions.
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Nasseri, Mariam. "Cultural Similarities in Psychological Reactions to Infertility." Psychological Reports 86, no. 2 (April 2000): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.2.375.
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A 74-item especially developed and validated questionnaire for Iranian culture was administered three times to 37 Iranian infertile couples and 10 fertile couples acting as control group, namely, initial consultation, during treatment, and on completion of treatment. In view of parallel data also reported for Western patients interest centered on the results of two out of the five factors measured by the questionnaire, i.e., Psychological Stress and Social Behaviour. Analysis generally showed significantly high stress and social withdrawal for the patient group, particularly at initial consultation and after an unsuccessful treatment cycle as compared to the control group. Moreover, men whose partners eventually conceived scored significantly lower on stress than men whose partners did not conceive. Similar results have also been reported for Western infertile patients. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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Schnurman, Kelli Kalimi, Felice Zilberfein, Antonia Augurt, Mary Brosnan, and Yu Mee Song. "Social Work Interventions with Living Related Liver Donors: The Implications for Practice." Progress in Transplantation 15, no. 4 (December 2005): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480501500407.
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Living related liver donations are increasingly used to address the lack of organs available to patients faced with end-stage liver disease. A significant need exists for enhanced psychosocial intervention for donors. We sought to explore donor reactions by assessing psychosocial issues after donation. A descriptive review of donors was undertaken. The overall incidence of psychosocial issues after donation was examined by using a uniform interview questionnaire and by anecdotal case studies. Responses tend to indicate a general positive reaction to donation; yet, findings suggest a need for more preparation in the predonor stage, 100% social work follow-up after donation to provide needed support services, and inclusion of the donor as a critical partner in organ transplant treatment. A more extensive study drawing on the questionnaire may offer a standardized approach to the treatment of organ donors.
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Koon-Magnin, Sarah, and Corina Schulze. "Providing and Receiving Sexual Assault Disclosures: Findings From a Sexually Diverse Sample of Young Adults." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 416–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516641280.
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This study utilized a sample of primarily lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ)-identified young adults from across the United States to pilot test a new instrument, the Reactions Provided to Disclosures Questionnaire (RPDQ), and assess the disclosure experience for both those who provide and those who receive disclosures of sexual assault. Results indicate that the experience of sexual assault disclosure in the LGBQ community is similar to the heterosexual community in that most victims disclose their assaults, most often to a friend, and were most likely to receive the reaction Emotional Support. Victims were also likely to receive the reaction Victim Blaming, especially if they disclosed to formal sources, such as law enforcement, medical, or religious personnel. This study also examined the relationship between the types of assault experienced and disclosure reactions received. Experiencing an anal assault was significantly associated with Victim Blaming reactions. A central aim of this study was to examine how respondents who received (rather than provided) a disclosure reacted, a question not been adequately addressed in prior literature. The RPDQ (a modification of Ullman’s Social Reactions Questionnaire), which was piloted here, factored in to five types of reactions: Emotional Support, Affectionate Support, Empathetic Support, Tangible Aid and Information Support, and Egocentric Reactions. Sexual assault survivors were more likely to report that they provided Emotional Support and Affectionate Support after receiving a disclosure than were nonsurvivors.
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Önder, Mehmet Seyman. "Social Impact of the Urban Transformation (Diyarbakir Sampe)." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i4.p223-233.
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The implementation of ‘The Urban Renewal Project’ in Suriçi district of Suriçi county of Diyarbak?r city was aimed in accordance with the protocol signed by the relevant institutions in 18.12.2008; however, that project couldn’t have been implemented because of the severely reactions gotten by the local community by year 2016. It was aimed with that project to research the reasons of the reactions of the target group that resides in the project area and to reveal the potential social effects of the project over the target group from the sociological point of view within the context of ‘The Urban Renewal Project’. Because of building an opinion about what the possible social effects were, a situational analysis was carried out on the low-income group who lives in Suriçi area and in housing estate in Üçkuyular campus and who has the same social, cultural and economic features with the target group. The questionnaire technique was used in Suriçi and Üçkuyularfor achieving desired data, and two different questionnaire forms were prepared for them. It was interviewed with 196 householders in Suriçi and 50 householders in Üçkuyular.
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Heater, Jill, John Walsh, and Gerry Sande. "Sex and Attributions on Reactions toward Alleged Spousal Abuse Victims." Psychological Reports 91, no. 1 (August 2002): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.1.243.
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This study examined the emotional and behavioral reactions of 118 predominantly Euro-American, middle-class university students toward an alleged spousal abuse victim. In the context of a decision-making task, participants encountered another male or female student (a confederate) who was supposedly injured in an accident or a spousal abuse incident. Participants completed the Trait Questionnaire, Emotional Reaction Measure, and Social Distancing Measure. Generally, participants felt less sympathy and more anger and ascribed less positive traits to the abuse victim than to the accident victim. In addition, they distanced themselves socially from the abuse victim. Further analyses showed that female participants displayed more negative trait ascriptions and behavioral reactions to the abuse victims than did male participants.
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Ammerman, Brooke A., and Michael S. McCloskey. "The Development of a Measure to Assess Social Reactions to Self-Injury Disclosure." Assessment 28, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191120903081.
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Only approximately half of individuals engaging in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) ever disclose their behavior. Yet there is a dearth of research aimed at understanding NSSI disclosure and the outcomes of choosing to disclose, such as social reactions to NSSI disclosure. The current study aimed to develop and validate a measure of perceived social reactions to the disclosure of NSSI, the Self-Injury Social Reactions Questionnaire (SI-SRQ). Results supported a three-factor structure of the SI-SRQ assessing positive (tangible aid, emotional support) and negative social reactions in undergraduate ( n = 269), community ( n = 217), and recent NSSI ( n = 129) samples. The internal consistencies of the resultant subscales, in addition to the convergent validity, were also supported. The development of the SI-SRQ provides an avenue to enhance our knowledge of the relationship between social reactions to NSSI disclosure and disclosure outcomes, which may help inform educational efforts about responding to NSSI disclosures more effectively.
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Kotel'nikov, G. P., E. L. Sukhobrus, G. P. Kotel'nikov, and E. A. Sukhobrus. "Organization of Medico-Psychological Care for Patients with Traumatic Disease." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2003): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto200310256-61.
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Results of psychological examination of 117 patients with traumatic disease are presented. Psychological examination was performed using 16-points questionnaire by Cattel, personal questionnaire «Туре of relation to disease», scale of alarm by Spielberger, techniques «Туре of psychological protection by Plutchek and «Copping-questionnaire* as well as drawing test by Rosenzweig by 1-7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 day after trauma. Three periods of psychological reactions were determined: 1st period - acute (shock) reactions (1-14 day); 2nd period - interpersonal reactions (14-90 day); 3rd period - social disadaptation (90-180 day). The program of psychological correction was composed and tested on the base of the revealed peculiarities. When program was completed all patients had control testing. Results showed a high efficacy of psychological correction. The problems of the organization of the psychological care for patients with traumatic disease are considered.
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Costa, Maria de Fátima Antunes Alves, and Maria Cristina Ferreira. "Sources and Reactions to Stress in Brazilian Lawyers." Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 24, no. 57 (April 2014): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272457201407.
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Job stress can negatively affect the health of employees. As such, the investigation of its characteristics in different professional categories is relevant. The aim in this study was to analyze the predictive power of seven stressors (decision latitude, psychological demands at work, physical demands at work, social support from colleagues, ergonomic stressors, relationships with clients, job insecurity) for job dissatisfaction, depression and psychosomatic problems in a sample of 702 Brazilian lawyers. The data were collected using a Brazilian version of the Job Content Questionnaire(JCQ). The results showed that decision latitude and social support were the main negative predictors of stress, while psychological demands and job insecurity were its main positive predictors. These results are discussed in the light of the demand-support-control model, which was used as a framework for the research.
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RINGDAL, GERD INGER, KRISTEN RINGDAL, MARIT S. JORDHØY, and STEIN KAASA. "Does social support from family and friends work as a buffer against reactions to stressful life events such as terminal cancer?" Palliative and Supportive Care 5, no. 1 (February 27, 2007): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951507070083.
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Objective: To examine the relationship between social support and emotional functioning and stress reactions. Our hypothesis is that patients who reported a high degree of social support will experience better emotional functioning and less serious stress reactions than patients with a low degree of social support.Method: The sample was comprised of 434 patients at the Palliative Medicine Unit (PMU), University Hospital of Trondheim in Norway. The patients completed a questionnaire monthly including questions about social support from the MacAdam's Scale, subjective stress measured by the Impact of Event Scale (IES), and emotional functioning measured by the subscale in the EORTC QLQ-30.Results: Although our hypothesis was not supported at the baseline assessment, it was supported at the second assessment, 2 months later. Patients with high social support reported better emotional functioning and less serious stress reactions, in terms of lower scores on the IES avoidance subscale, than patients with a low degree of social support.Significance of the results: The mixed findings may indicate that social support has only small effects on emotional functioning and stress reactions. Our results on the second assessment indicate, however, that social support might work as a buffer against reactions toward external stressful events such as terminal cancer.
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Gabrielsson, Alf, and Siv Lindström Wik. "Strong Experiences Related to Music: Adescriptive System." Musicae Scientiae 7, no. 2 (September 2003): 157–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102986490300700201.
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Strong Experiences related to Music (SEM) were investigated by means of some 900 persons' free description of their strongest experience of music ever. Most of them also completed a questionnaire containing statements about SEM. Content analysis of the free descriptions and factor analysis of the questionnaires successively generated a three-level descriptive system for SEM comprising seven fundamental categories'. General characteristics, Physical reactions and behaviours, Perception, Cognition, Feelings/Emotions, Existential and transcendental aspects, and Personal and social aspects. Each of them comprises a number of subcategories, which in their turn contain a varying number of specific reactions. The meaning of the categories is explained using quotations from the participants' own SEM reports. Comparisons are made with results from earlier related research, and various methodological problems are discussed.
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Forghieri, M., D. Monzani, G. M. Galeazzi, C. Gherpelli, and M. Rigatelli. "Anger, Social Dysfunction and Psychopathological Distress in Hearing- Impaired Patients." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71477-4.
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It has been demonstrated that subjects suffering from hearing impairment present significant emotional reactions and socio-situational limitations when compared to controls (Monzani et al., 2008).Aim:To evaluate the relationship between hearing loss severity, anger expression, perceived handicap, social dysfunction and psychopathological distress in adult patients suffering from acquired hearing loss.Method:297 hearing impaired subjects were consecutively recruited by the ENT Clinic of the Modena and Reggio Emilia University from 1/1/07. Each patient were submitted to pure-tones audiometry and the pure tone average threshold (PTA) was calculated over 0.5,1, 2, 4 kHz. Socio-demographic data were collected (age, educational level, employment, marital status). Every patient was also administered the following questionnaire in their Italian validated version: Social Functioning Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory, Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2. Descriptive statistics were used to assess sociodemographic data; Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate relationships between test scores and hearing loss level.Results:Mean age was 53.79 (SD ±13.65); 44.8% were males. Hearing impairment level didn't significantly relate with objective social functioning level (p=.311), but with the subjective emotional and socio-situational perceived handicap (p=.000); moreover it significantly correlates with individual psychopathological tendency to phobic reaction (p=.006) and to anger general expression index (p=.021). Furthermore it directly relates with state anger (p=.021) and inversely relates with external expressed anger (p=.023).Conclusion:Anger felt but not expressed might be a key element in determining subjective social impairment in hearing loss patients and contribute to their well-known psychological distress.
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Lawyer, Steven R., Brittney M. Holcomb, and Kateřina Příhodová. "Immediate and Delayed Reactions to Trauma-related Laboratory Research Among Rape Survivors and Controls." Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 16, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1556264621996102.
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Ethical implications of laboratory-based experimental trauma research are not well studied. Female rape survivors ( N = 62) and controls ( N = 79) listened to an audio recording of a sexual assault and completed mental health measures and the Reactions to Research Participation Questionnaire-Revised in the first session and again several weeks later. In the first session, mental health symptoms were associated with stronger emotional reactions and personal benefits from participation. Rape survivors also reported stronger emotional reactions than controls, but also more personal benefits, more satisfaction, and fewer perceived drawbacks from participation. Several weeks later, both groups reported diminished posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and rape survivors’ reports of stronger emotional reactions and greater satisfaction with their participation remained significant. Benefit–cost ratios indicate positive responses to participation across groups and time. Findings suggest significant benefits to laboratory trauma research for participants.
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Yaseen, Amna, Umema Tariq, Neha Mohammad Ismail, and Ayesha Sheikh. "A SURVEY OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS REACTIONS AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.11.1/004.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND AIM The objective of the present study was to identify occupational stress and its reaction to psychological and physical health among different healthcare professionals in Karachi. METHODOLOGY An observational cross-sectional study was performed on 257 healthcare workers, including the physiotherapists, general physicians, nurses age between 25-55 years and working for 8 or more hours. A Convenient non- probability purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. Data was collected from hospitals in 4 districts of Karachi, through the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) and Job Stress Questionnaire. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Version 16.0 was used. ANOVA & Post HOC analysis was used to compare the effects of variables. (P-value <0.05 considered significant). RESULTS Out of 257 participants n= 94 were males and n=163 were females. Among the total sample n=102 were General Physicians, n= 79 were Physiotherapists and n=76 were nurses. Insignificance was found when the occupation was compared with both occupational stressors (p=0.093) and with stress reactions (p=0.456). CONCLUSION Overall general physicians experience more occupational stressors than nurses and physiotherapists. Moreover, the study found that female health-care workers are more affected by occupational stress than men. KEY WORDS Mental health, anxiety, health personnel, physical health, stress reaction, occupational stress.
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Campbell, Robbie, Jennifer O'Gorman, and Zack Z. Cernovsky. "Reactions of psychiatric patients to telepsychiatry." Mental Illness 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2015): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi.2015.6101.
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Telepsychiatry could offer a viable medical service to remote or isolated social communities if it does not generate adverse reactions such as delusional ideation, particularly in patients in settlements without adequate exposure to mainstream culture and internet. We examined subjective reactions to telepsychiatry of randomly selected 84 psychiatric patients from remote locations in Ontario, Canada. They rated the quality of their teleconferencing sessions via 10 item questionnaire and were asked about advantages and disadvantages of telepsychiatry. The majority of patients indicated that they were able to communicate as if physically present (92.9%) and were comfortable with telepsychiatric service (95.2%). They found the sessions as beneficial as direct meetings with their psychiatrist (84.5%) and would use this service again (98.8%). There were no instances of telepsychiatry being associated with adverse reactions in patients from remote communities with inadequate exposure to modern mainstream culture and internet.
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Gusrianti, Elsa, Tri Indah Winarni, and Sultana MH Faradz. "Factors Affecting Parents' Acceptance towards Children with Familial Intellectual Disability (ID)." Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jbtr.v4i2.3659.
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Background: Familial intellectual disability (ID) is a condition where two or more family members are affected ID, which may influence the whole family well-being. Children with intellectual disability often receive negative response from the society, which may trigger different reactions from the parents, such as denial or neglect of their child. Besides, most parents give more attention and provide the best care for their children. Factors that may influence parents’ acceptance towards children with familial ID are social support, religious coping, supporting facilities, family income, education, mothers’s age, and other significant factors.Objective: This study was aimed to analyze factors that affect parents’ acceptance towards children with familial intellectual disabilities (ID).Methods: This was an analytic observational study with cross sectional approach. Data were collected using interview with 20 mothers of familial intellectually disabled children including demographic data, pedigree construction, using Parental Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ), Brief Arab Religious Coping Scale (BARCS), Social Support Questionnaire Short Form (SSQSR) and Supporting Facilities Questionnaires. Data was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.Results: Parents’ acceptance was significantly affect by social support (p<0.05), while religious coping, supporting facilities, family income, education, and mothers’s age did not significantly influence parents’ acceptance (p >0.05).Conclusion: Social support has influenced parent’s acceptance of their familial ID Children
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Victor Paulraj, Smily Jesu Priya, Shahad Fahad Alaboudi, and Raniah Mansour Mali. "Social Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence and the Therapeutic Relationship among Clinical Occupational Therapist." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20211133.
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Social and emotional intelligence has understood their own and other's feelings and reactions according to their needs. The therapeutic relationship, which considered as a foundational concept among occupational therapy practitioners, which refers to establish rapport with the patient and the therapist to understand the patient's needs and set the goal respectively. To determine the relationship between social intelligence (SI), emotional intelligence (EI) and therapeutic relationship (TR) among clinical occupational therapists. The study used quantitative non-experimental correlational design. Eighty participants recruited from eight hospitals in Riyadh. Data conducted using a closed-ended questionnaire. It contains several questions in social intelligence (MESI), emotional intelligence (Assessing emotional scale), and therapeutic relationship between them (STAR). The questionnaire distributed to clinical occupational therapists in the form of an electronic questionnaire to facilitate the data collection process. The results releveled that there was a significant relationship in social intelligence, emotional intelligence and therapeutic relationship among clinical occupational therapists (p = < 0.05). Future study needs to provide the awareness of social intelligence, emotional intelligence and therapeutic relationship among clinical occupational therapist. Key words: social intelligence, emotional intelligence, therapeutic relationship, clinical occupational therapist.
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Daugelaite, Aurelija, Indre Gražulevičiūte-Vileniške, and Mantas Landauskas. "Possibilities to Apply the Urban Acupuncture Concept in Kaunas: Social Aspect." Landscape architecture and art 13 (December 10, 2018): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2018.13.02.
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The concept of urban acupuncture, which has been gaining ground in recent decades, is based on the activation and revitalization of urban environments using small architectural or landscape architectural interventions in precise carefully selected locations of urban fabric. However, the rapid and unexpected design solutions of urban acupuncture, based on ecological design, nature dynamics, street art, material re-use, can cause different social and psychological reactions of urban population and these reactions may vary depending on cultural contexts. Consequently, in order to implement successful urban acupuncture projects in Lithuanian cities, it is very important to find out public opinion and priorities in the fields of public space management, aesthetics, and public art. The aim of the research was to analyze the opinion of Kaunas city residents regarding these issues. For this purpose, a sociological questionnaire survey was used. The questionnaire containing 20 questions was designed, with the aim to find out the trends of use of public spaces in the city, the attitudes of residents towards street art and other small-scale initiatives in public spaces implemented in the recent years, possibilities of creating landscape architecture based on ecological ideas in urban environment, the attitude of inhabitants towards community spaces and community space design in the city, etc. 100 residents of Kaunas participated in this online administered survey. The survey has demonstrated general positive attitude towards contemporary design trends of public spaces and public art; however, the surveyed population expressed preferences towards fully equipped public spaces offering possibilities for a wide range of activities.
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Kuiken, Don, Robert Carey, and Tore Nielsen. "Moments of Affective Insight: Their Phenomenology and Relations to Selected Individual Differences." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 6, no. 4 (June 1987): 341–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/80pq-65ep-pqgd-1wk9.
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Affective insight was defined as a subjective event occurring during intensive self-reflection. To study affective insight, seventy-nine individuals were presented instructions designed to encourage intensive self-reflection. Subsequently, they completed an open-ended questionnaire and a seventy-two-item true-false questionnaire describing their experience during self-reflection. Q-type factor analysis of the seventy-two-item questionnaire revealed four different types of reactions during the instructions: underdistancing, overdistancing, intellectual self-control, and apprehensive insight. An eight-item Affective Insight Scale (AIS) was developed which was independent of social desirability, which differentiated these four groups of participants, and which correlated positively with a judge's ratings of affective insight as indicated in responses to the open-ended questionnaire. Using the AIS, there was support for the hypothesis that affective insight is associated with imagery involvement, as measured by the Creative Imagination Scale, the Absorption Scale, and Rorschach M responses. There was also some support for the hypothesis that affective insight is associated with a preference for novel imagery, as measured by the Barron-Welsch Art Scale. Other trait measures predicted reactions which were conceptually and empirically independent of affective insight (e.g., intellectual self-control), indicating the importance of simultaneously studying different reactions during intensive self-reflection.
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Demirkiran, Fatma, and Mehmet Eskin. "THERAPEUTIC AND NONTHERAPEUTIC REACTIONS IN A GROUP OF NURSES AND DOCTORS IN TURKEY TO PATIENTS WHO HAVE ATTEMPTED SUICIDE." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 8 (January 1, 2006): 891–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.8.891.
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In this study a questionnaire was used to investigate the predictors of therapeutic versus nontherapeutic reactions to patients hospitalized for attempting suicide in a group of doctors (n = 158) and in a group of nurses (n = 206) working in the health care system of a small city in the Western part of Turkey. Doctors said that they would react therapeutically towards patients hospitalized for attempting suicide to a greater extent than did nurses, while nurses said that they would engage in nontherapeutic reactions to a greater extent than doctors did. Believing that suicidal problems should be communicated, feeling sympathy for a suicidal patient and not feeling anxiety/fear for a suicidal patient were found to be the independent predictors of therapeutic reactions, while feeling anger about a suicidal patient emerged as an independent predictor of nontherapeutic reactions in both doctors and nurses. The attitudes of nurses towards suicide were more traditional than the attitudes of doctors. Nurses believed to a greater extent than doctors that suicidal people would be punished after death and that suicide in one's family was to be hidden. Doctors, on the other hand, believed to a greater extent than nurses that suicide attempts resulted from illness/biological reasons. Men were found to be more prejudiced about suicide and suicidal individuals than were women.
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Kuwabara, Miki, Koji Oba, Nao Takano, Noritoshi Nagamine, Yoko Maruyama, Nobuhiro Ito, Izumi Watanabe, Chikako Ikeda, and Junichi Sakamoto. "An exploratory questionnaire survey about overwork on mental health of Japanese elementary and junior high school teachers." Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 16, no. 3 (May 6, 2021): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-01-2020-0002.
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Purpose Occupational stress-relating overwork among teachers predispose to mental disorders and eventually lead to long leave from work. Although some studies have been conducted to assess these problems among elementary and junior high school teachers, a quantitative investigation has been limited to date. In this study, the authors sought to explore the association between overwork and mental stress among Japanese elementary and junior high school teachers. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out on 294 Japanese elementary and junior high school teachers. The respondents filled a questionnaire on personal data, and occupational stress reaction was evaluated by Japanese version of Brief Job Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the association between overwork information and psychological and physical stress. Findings Working during holidays was significantly likely to increase psychological and physical stress reactions among elementary school teachers (adjusted mean difference = −1.67, 95% CI: −2.81 to −0.54) and junior high school teachers (adjusted mean difference = −5.24, 95% CI: −9.60 to −0.87). A weakly positive association was found between high risk of psychological and physical stress and marital status (p = 0.005), teacher in charge of class (p = 0.015) among elementary school teachers. Originality/value This study indicated an association between working during holidays and psychological and physical stress reactions among elementary and junior high school teachers after adjusting for sociodemographic and work-related status. Further study for the confirmation of this finding is warranted.
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Schmidt, Susanna, Igor Sotgiu, Carla Tinti, Antonietta Curci, Nicoletta Businaro, and Dario Galati. "THE EFFECTS OF RELIGIOUS INVOLVEMENT ON SHORT – TERM PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO THE DEATH OF POPE JOHN PAUL II: A STUDY ON AN ITALIAN SAMPLE." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 35, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.3.417.
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The short-term psychological reactions to the death of Pope John Paul II were investigated. Between 1 to 6 days after this event, 526 Catholic and atheist Italian adults took part in a questionnaire study. Participants were asked to report the personal circumstances in which they first learned about the Pope's death, their emotional reactions, and their appraisal of the event's importance and consequentiality. Other questions assessed immediate memory for the original event, surprise-expectedness, exposure to mass media, and religious involvement. Results showed that the news of the Pope's death, although widely expected, had a strong cognitive and emotional impact. Almost all the participants were able to recall the personal circumstances in which they heard the news. A positive relation was observed between the degree of religious involvement and appraisal of importance and consequentiality, intensity of emotion, memory for event-related details, and frequency of exposure to mass media. Effects related to the age of the participants were also found.
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Hadi, Hazrina, Nur’ain Ai, Mazlina Zamli, Ammar Ihsan Awadh, Muhammad Zeeshan Zafar, and Shazia Jamshed. "Cosmetic Use-Related Adverse Events: Findings from Lay Public in Malaysia." Cosmetics 7, no. 2 (June 4, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics7020041.
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Objectives: Although the occurrence of adverse cosmetic reactions is often underestimated by the consumers, the documentation of the incident might be helpful for the authority in regulating the cosmetic products. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and type of adverse cosmetic event (ACE), as well as the measures adopted by those experiencing the ACE. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a structured questionnaire comprised of 11 questions. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: demographic profile and adverse cosmetic reaction. A total of 552 cosmetic users in Malaysia participated in this study. Data were entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and descriptive statistics was applied. Findings: A total of 29% respondents have experienced ACEs. Eczema was found to be the most frequent type of ACE. Facial area (n = 178) was reported to be the most frequent body site affected by ACEs. A mere 41% attempted to consult health professionals. Conclusions: Few respondents consulted health professionals for recommendations, indicating that they misjudge occurrences related to adverse outcomes. The high diversity and non-specificity of cosmetic adverse reactions reported in the current research highlighted the need for a vigorous cosmetovigilance system.
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Butterworth, V. A., R. G. Simmons, and M. Schimmel. "When Altruism Fails: Reactions of Unrelated Bone Marrow Donors When the Recipient Dies." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 26, no. 3 (May 1993): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/u20c-pq5h-ybn7-9g62.
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This article examines the responses of bone marrow donors to the death of the unrelated person to whom they donated. Data analyzed were 330 questionnaires and fifty in-depth interviews collected from donors in the National Marrow Donor Program at one year post-donation. Death of the recipient produced feelings of guilt and responsibility in the donors in only a few cases (2% of donors from questionnaire data and 2 of the 23 donors interviewed). Grief occurred often (22 of 23 donors interviewed) and was often surprisingly intense, given the fact that the recipient was a stranger. Intensity of grief varied depending on the perceived relationship with the recipient. Our data indicate that limiting contact and/or information about the recipient to the donor would be unlikely to result in more positive psychosocial outcomes. However, several strategies which might be useful in relieving donor guilt and/or grief are suggested.
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Shoukat, Maliha, Muhammad Hussain, Kousar Perveen, Muhammad Afzal, and Muhammad Saghir. "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Nurses towards Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drugs Reactions Monitoring and Reporting: Cross-Sectional Study in Lahore, Pakistan." International Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice 3, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijhmnp.568.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine nurses' current knowledge, attitudes and practices towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions monitoring and reporting.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The target population 154 nurses who work in Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. The sample size was calculated by the “World Health Organization” online sample size calculator. A well-structured questionnaire on adverse drug reactions reporting was used for data collection. The data was analysed by using SPSS version 25. The Pearson correlation test used to assess the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding adverse drug reactions. Pearson correlation at p <0.05 consider as significant. The study results display in tables and charts.
Findings: The study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards Pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions and reporting. 56.5% of nurses had a concept of pharmacovigilance. The 39.6% know the voluntary reporting system of adverse drug reaction. Only 36.4% nurses responded agree for policies and procedures should be developed for monitoring and reporting of adverse drug reaction.
Unique Contribution To Theory, Practice And Policy: This study is a way of improving pharmacovigilance programs in the country, public awareness on reporting. This could be done to improve practice by advertising and encouraging patients to self-reporting to their nearest health facility. Public awareness could be done through social media. The responsible regulatory authority, with assistance from other relevant stakeholders, should design the reporting forms and make them easily available and accessible so that the public may use them for reporting adverse drug reaction.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, Nurses, Adverse Drug Reactions, Pharmacovigilance
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You, Lucia C., Gary Soffer, and Jeffrey Factor. "Clinical experience with sesame oral immunotherapy and a quality-of-life assessment." Journal of Food Allergy 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/jfa.2022.4.220003.
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Background: Allergic reactions to sesame have increased in prevalence in the United States. Sesame oral immunotherapy (OIT) is an emerging management strategy. Few reports assessed the benefits and risks of sesame OIT in children with sesame allergy. Objective: To study the adverse events and quality of life (QoL) on sesame OIT in a U.S. population. Methods: Twenty-three patient charts were retrospectively reviewed from 2017 to 2020. The patients received a validated Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire and a survey on adverse reactions during maintenance therapy. Patients who were 8.5 ± 4.7 years of age (30% girls and 70% boys) with a documented history of sesame allergy and who had undergone sesame OIT were reviewed. Results: The buildup phase was 293.7 ± 87.1 days. Twenty-one of the 23 patients (91.3%) reached maintenance therapy. Twenty-one patients (91.3%) had at least one gastrointestinal reaction; 18 (78.3%) had at least one cutaneous reaction; 6 (26%) had at least one respiratory reaction. Age raised the odds of gastrointestinal reactions more than fivefold (odds ratio [OR] 5.653 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.409 ‐ 13.269); p = 0.0009). Asthma boosted the odds of respiratory reactions of more than ninefold (OR 9.206 [95% CI, 1.535 ‐ 55.211]; p = 0.0187). Female gender increased the odds of having a respiratory reaction by more than sevenfold (OR 7.545 [95% CI, 1.207 ‐ 47.153]; p = 0.0330). Asthma amplified the odds of cutaneous reactions (OR 11.725 [95% CI, 2.390 ‐ 57.517]; p = 0.0053). Three patients ultimately discontinued therapy. Food-related anxiety (‐0.773) and social/dietary limitation (‐0.687) improved significantly in QoL. Conclusion: Sesame OIT may be safe and easily adaptable to private practice and significantly improves QoL. Further prospective studies would be helpful to fully assess these relationships.
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Kuzenko, Svetlana Sergeevna. "Professional deformation and psychological defense of the personality of a practicing psychologist at different stages of professional activity." Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-C (December 30, 2020): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-c631p.94-99.
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The study aims to identify the features of professional deformation in practicing psychologists at different stages of professional development and the way to avoid burnout with the help of psychological defenses. The author used the following research methods: questionnaire survey, polling, quantitative and qualitative data analysis; as well as the following statistical methods: descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test, the Pearson correlation coefficient. For the mathematical processing of the data, the author used the Microsoft Excel and Statistica 17.0 software, Cattell's 16-factor personality questionnaire, the Giessen questionnaire of psychosomatic complaints, V.V. Boyko's method of diagnosing the dominant strategy of psychological defense in communication, and the Rosenzweig frustration test. Having defined the professional deformation of a psychologist as changes in their professional development, the author identified signs of professional deformation, such as emotional burnout, low empathy, average (closer to low) level of adaptation to the social environment, reactions with a fixation on self-defense, intropunitive reactions in case of obstacles, and the use of "Deflection" defense mechanism.
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Van Schoors, Marieke, Laura Sels, Liesbet Goubert, and Lesley L. Verhofstadt. "Siblings Dealing with Pediatric Cancer: A Family- and Context-oriented Approach." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 38, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043454221992303.
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Background: Pediatric cancer is a severe life-threatening disease that poses significant challenges to the life of the siblings. Based on the social ecology model, the current study is aimed at exploring the association between intrafamilial (family functioning, family support) and contextual (network support) resources, and the individual adjustment of siblings facing cancer in their brother/sister. Methods: Participants were 81 siblings of children with leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The mean siblings’ age was 10.32 years. Siblings completed the Family Environment Scale, the Social Support Questionnaire for Children, the Situation-Specific Emotional Reactions Questionnaire, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Data were analyzed using a multi-level approach. Results: Family functioning, family support, and network support proved to be related to siblings’ cancer-related emotional reactions post-diagnosis. In addition, the present study suggests taking into account the gender of the ill child and the age of the siblings. Discussion: Our findings led to the conclusion that resources at both the intrafamilial level and the contextual level are important for explaining sibling adjustment post-diagnosis. Interventions targeting the sibling, the family, and the external network are warranted to enhance sibling adjustment.
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Vacaru, Stefania V., Johanna E. van Schaik, Erik de Water, and Sabine Hunnius. "Five-year-olds’ facial mimicry following social ostracism is modulated by attachment security." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 29, 2020): e0240680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240680.
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Social ostracism triggers an increase in affiliative behaviours. One such behaviour is the rapid copying of others’ facial expressions, called facial mimicry. Insofar, it remains unknown how individual differences in intrinsic affiliation motivation regulate responses to social ostracism during early development. We examined children’s facial mimicry following ostracism as modulated by individual differences in the affiliation motivation, expressed in their attachment tendencies. Resistant and avoidant tendencies are characterized by high and low affiliation motivation, and were hypothesized to lead to facial mimicry enhancement or suppression towards an ostracizing partner, respectively. Following an ostracism manipulation in which children played a virtual game (Cyberball) with an includer and an excluder peer, mimicry of the two peers’ happy and sad facial expressions was recorded with electromyography (EMG). Attachment was assessed via parent-report questionnaire. We found that 5-year-olds smiled to sad facial expressions of the excluder peer, while they showed no facial reactions for the includer peer. Neither resistant nor avoidant tendencies predicted facial mimicry to the excluder peer. Yet, securely attached children smiled towards the excluder peer, when sad facial expressions were displayed. In conclusion, these findings suggest a modulation of facial reactions following ostracism by early attachment.
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Laroi, F., and M. Van der Linden. "The effects of a documentary film on reducing stigmatisation about schizophrenia in a sample of undergraduate psychology students." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73134-0.
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Negative public reactions concerning mental illness, and in particular schizophrenia, may result in a number of negative consequences, including aggravating their clinical condition and making it even more difficult for patients to assimilate into society. The present study examined young people's attitudes about schizophrenia and furthermore evaluated the effect of a documentary film (that depicts the lives of schizophrenia patients) on reducing stigmatization about schizophrenia. One hundred and fifteen undergraduate psychology students first provided information concerning their attitudes and knowledge about schizophrenia, in addition to filling out a questionnaire assessing their degree of acceptance of stereotypes and degree of social distance towards schizophrenia patients. One week later, participants viewed the documentary film and completed the same questionnaire. The film significantly and positively influenced participants’ attitudes concerning schizophrenia. In particular, after having watched the film, participants revealed less stereotypical attitudes about schizophrenia and desired less social distance with schizophrenia patients. This change was not related to social desirability or to age, sex or years of education.
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von dem Knesebeck, Olaf, Matthias C. Angermeyer, Daniel Lüdecke, and Christopher Kofahl. "Emotional reactions toward people with dementia – results of a population survey from Germany." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 3 (November 22, 2013): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213002056.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Emotional reactions toward people with disorders are an important component of stigma process. In this study, emotional reactions of the German public toward people with dementia were analyzed.Methods:Analyses are based on a national mail survey conducted in 2012. Sample consists of persons aged 18 to 79 years living in private households in Germany. In all 1,795 persons filled out the questionnaire, reflecting a response rate of 78%. Respondents were asked about their emotional reactions and beliefs about dementia.Results:A vast majority of the respondents expressed pro-social reactions, i.e. they felt pity, sympathy, and the need to help a person with dementia. Dementia patients rarely evoked anger (10% or less). Between 25% and 50% of the population showed reactions indicating fear. Respondents who had contacts with a person having dementia or had cared for a dementia patient tended to show less negative reactions (fear, anger) and more pro-social reactions. Respondents who showed pronounced fearful reactions were less likely to believe that dementia patients had a high quality of life, were less willing to care for a family member with dementia at home, and were more skeptical about early detection of dementia. Comparison with the results of another study suggests that fearful reactions toward persons with dementia are much more pronounced than in the case of depression, and less pronounced than in the case of schizophrenia.Conclusions:Fearful reactions toward people with dementia are quite common in the German general public. To reduce fear, educational programs and contact-based approaches should be considered.
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Lomranz, Jacob. "“THUS WE LIVE, FOREVER TAKING LEAVE”: THE LAUNCHING STAGE IN THE ISRAELI FAMILY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 23, no. 3 (January 1, 1995): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1995.23.3.287.
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This study conceptualized family launching processes and investigated the reactions of Israeli parents to the conscription of their eldest son into the army, an event normatively initiating launching in the Israeli family. On the basis of family life cycle and adult developmental theory, parents' reactions were conceptualized in terms of two major launching-related tendencies: Holding, and Releasing. A specially constructed Holding/Releasing Questionnaire (HRQ), was administered to 160 couples whose eldest son had been serving in the army for 20 months or less. Results showed no correlation between Holding and Releasing, suggesting two independent and complementary forces in the launching process. Releasing was generally adopted more strongly than Holding, mothers being higher on Holding than fathers. Both, Holding and Releasing correlated negatively with education, and Holding also correlated negatively with personal well-being. The relationships between the HRQ and country of origin, attitudes and relevant past experience, revealed certain gender differences. Findings are discussed in light of launching processes, family theory and developmental interpretations of this major transition in the adult and family life cycle, with reference to the specific cultural context as well as to more general implications.
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Babich, N. S. "Cognitive form of social norms: a survey experiment." RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 790–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-4-790-800.
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In the minds of members of society, social norms can exist in various forms. In their most general form, they are logical rules if, then. The theoretical framework most often used to study social norms is the focus theory of normative conduct which divides this logical rule into two types of norms - descriptive (the majority does this) and injunctive (I should do this). It is not known which of these three possible forms prevails (is most common or fundamental) in the minds of members of society, and this question should be answered empirically, for instance, by measuring the time of reaction to different descriptions of a social norm. If the description corresponds to the cognitive form of the norm, the reaction should be faster, since it takes less time and resources to compare and interpret wordings. The article presents the results of an experimental study of the cognitive accessibility of social norms in mass survey based on the method of split-ballot which implies the presentation of different versions of the questionnaire to randomly selected subsamples. The survey consisted of 10 questions about attitudes to social norms in a particular situation: half of situations described a common norm, half - a violation of the norm. Each situation was described in three ways: implication (if, then), common behavior, and imperative. The main measured variable was not the answers but the time for providing them. The results showed no statistically significant differences in timing of reactions to different forms of situation descriptions. Thus, the main result of the study is that three possible cognitive forms of social norms turn out to be equal, with no signs of prevalence or greater fundamentality. This can be explained in two ways: first, each cognitive form can use its own independent mechanism of actualization; second, the true cognitive form can differ from all three (for example, a non-verbal representation of actions). The choice between these two explanations requires further research.
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Kawashima, Daisuke, and Kenji Kawano. "Parental Grief After Offspring Suicide and Adaptation to the Loss in Japan." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 79, no. 1 (June 4, 2017): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222817710139.
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Several reports have indicated that grief and mental health outcomes of people bereaved by suicide vary by their relationship to the deceased. Parents who have lost offspring experience higher levels of distress than those with other relationships to the deceased. However, there are limited studies investigating the experience of parental bereavement by suicide, and further research is needed. The present study aimed to clarify the differences in grief reactions between bereaved parents and those with other relationships to the deceased in Japan and explore a statistical model of adaptation to the loss. In total, 105 bereaved participants completed a questionnaire covering grief reaction, meaning reconstruction, mental health, social context, and demographic variables. Parents scored higher on several grief reaction items and lower in sense-making than those with other relationships. In addition, path analysis showed that sense-making acted as a moderator in the experience of loss of offspring and grief reaction.
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Gupta, Vishal, Gangachannaiah Shivaprakash, Dipanjan Bhattacherjee, Karthik Udupa, Basavaraj Poojar, Ravi Sori, and Shubhangi Mishra. "Association of health literacy and cognition levels with severity of adverse drug reactions in cancer patients: a South Asian experience." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 42, no. 4 (May 30, 2020): 1168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01062-9.
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Abstract Background The occurrence of adverse drug reactions with chemotherapy among cancer patients is a well-documented phenomenon. However, the understanding of contributoring factors and their influence on the severity of adverse drug reactions is incomplete without the psychosocial factors affecting them. Objective The present study was done to understand if factors like Health literacy and cognition levels have an association with the severity of adverse drug reactions of cancer chemotherapy. Setting This study was done in the Department of Medical Oncology in a tertiary care hospital in India. Method Two hundred and twenty-four patients meeting the study inclusion and exclusion criteria took part in the study. Details of adverse drug reactions were collected as per the central drugs standard control organization format and severity of adverse drug reactions assessed with National Cancer Institute common terminology criteria of adverse events, version 5.0. Health Literacy and Cognition Levels of patients were assessed using standardized questionnaires, i.e., Short test of functional health literacy in adults and short portable mental status questionnaire, respectively. Data were anonymized and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0 software. Pearson’s Chi square test (p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant) was used to study the associations. Main outcome measure The associations of Health Literacy and Cognition Levels with the severity of adverse drug reactions. Result We found that both Health Literacy and Cognition Levels had a statistically significant association with Grade 3 and above adverse drug reactions in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Conclusion An initial assessment of Health Literacy and Cognition Levels in cancer patients by cancer care providers can help identify patients at high risk of developing severe adverse drug reactions. Interventional measures for improving Health Literacy by healthcare providers can help reduce the overall burden of disease on the patient due to adverse drug reactions.
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Weatherley-White, R. C. A., William Eiserman, Marie Beddoe, and Richard Vanderberg. "Perceptions, Expectations, and Reactions to Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery in Native Populations: A Pilot Study in Rural India." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 42, no. 5 (September 2005): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/04-003.1.
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Objective Many charitable organizations conduct overseas missions to correct cleft lip and palate where surgical care is unavailable. However, little is known about cultural and societal attitudes regarding the cleft deformity. Method A 15-item questionnaire was designed to elicit from parents general knowledge concerning cleft lip and palate, beliefs regarding its causation, and expectations of what surgery would accomplish. Shorter second and third questionnaires were administered after the screening process and after surgery. The initial phase of this project was undertaken in Deesa, a midsized rural town in India. Fifty-two families were selected randomly for the initial questionnaire. These interviews were conducted verbally, assisted by translators. Children in 25 of these 52 families subsequently underwent surgery. Results The results of the interviews indicated that 64% of parents did not limit their child's social interaction and were not ashamed to be seen in public. Twenty-six percent exercised some constraints, and 10% kept their children totally isolated, not permitting them to leave the house or attend school. Regarding causation, the vast majority (84%) ascribed the cleft to “God's will” and 10% to sins committed in past lives. Only one parent acknowledged the influence of genetics, although several had a positive family history. Environmental factors were not an issue. Most families expected their child's life to be better when the facial deformity was corrected. Marriage prospects were the main concern, more so for girls than boys. Educational opportunity was a second strong theme. Conclusions A greater understanding of the beliefs and expectations in this region was gained by means of this study.
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Bigot, Lucile, Catherine Garncarzyk, Antoine Gauthier, Gaelle Quarck, and Fabrice Dosseville. "Development and Validation of the Short Multidimensional Well-Being Questionnaire (SMWQ)." Open Public Health Journal 10, no. 1 (April 17, 2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501710010025.
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Purpose: Psychological well-being and health are closely linked at older ages. It is widely recognized that adapted regular physical exercise improves drastically both the physical and emotional well-being and allows older adults to stay healthy longer, with a better quality of life. In the framework of a European project (MOTION) to increase the life expectancy, independence and quality of life of older adults, the aim of the current research was to develop and validate a brief, multi-faceted, self-report measure of well-being in older adults. Method: The aim of Study 1 was to establish the factor structure of the newly developed measure using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The aim of Study 2 was to replicate the measure's factor structure using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and to evaluate test-retest reliability and convergent validity. Results: Analyses allowed generating a model of well-being comprising four dimensions: Perceived physical value, self-esteem and self-efficacy, socialization, and emotional reactions. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the SMWQ is appropriate for use with older adults and can help researchers and health professionals to assess the effects of APA programs.
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Aureli, Vittoria, Alessandra Nardi, Daniele Peluso, Umberto Scognamiglio, and Laura Rossi. "Consumers’ Attitude towards Sustainability in Italy: Process of Validation of a Duly Designed Questionnaire." Foods 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11172629.
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This study aimed to describe the process of validation of a questionnaire assessing Italian consumers’ perception of food sustainability. The study has a multiphase design. Phase 1 consisted in translating and structuring the questionnaire. Phase 2 aimed at assessing the validity of the content by experts. Phase 3 consisted of a pilot study (n = 150) carried out to revise the questionnaire based on the reactions of consumers representing the target group of the assessment. The questionnaire showed adequate content validity for 11 out of 14 questions (>0.79) and S-CVI/Ave > 0.80. Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.08 to 0.90. The construct with insufficient results (0.08) was changed because it failed to correlate with the rest of the questionnaire. The factor analysis permitted the identification of questions that needed improvement in terms of comprehensibility, elimination of redundancies, and repetitions. The validated questionnaire included 12 questions (71 response options); 3 sections were identified: food sustainability knowledge (4 questions-30 items); sources of proteins alternative to meat (3 questions-20 items); eating behaviors (5 questions-21 items). This study showed the importance of validation before the administration on a large scale of a questionnaire on a topic such as sustainability still lacking large support from consensus documents.
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Westbrook, Mary T., Varoe Legge, and Mark Pennay. "Men's Reactions to Becoming Disabled: A Comparison of Six Communities in a Multicultural Society." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 24, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.24.3.35.
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A questionnaire survey of 665 members of the Arabic, Chinese, German, Greek, Italian and Anglo AUstralian communities examined the typical reactions of men in their communities to the onset of physical disability. Reactions reported by the ethnic communities differed from those of the Anglo core society. In the latter there were greater expectations that men would express anger and cheerfulness, conceal their feelings, reject sympathy and help from others, be as independent as possible and quickly resume previous activities. In the Anglo and German communities men with disabilities were more likely to assume social roles such as employee, husband and father. The implications of the findings for the rehabilitation of members of ethnic minorities are discussed.
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Moscoso-Sánchez, David, David Alarcón-Rubio, Manuel Trujillo-Carmona, and José Carlos Jaenes-Sánchez. "Training Conditions and Emotional Impact on Spanish Olympic Swimmers and Rowers in Social Isolation Due to COVID-19. Results of a Survey." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 11148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011148.
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This article analyzes the results of a survey conducted in 2020 with Spanish Olympic swimmers and rowers, who were confined to their homes due to the epidemiological crisis. The questionnaire was administered between 23 April and 25 May. Responses to the questionnaire on emotional and adaptive reactions during the COVID-19 confinement (REACOVID-19) were received from 88 subjects, who represented 100% of the total population of Spanish Olympic swimmers and rowers. Through this questionnaire, they were asked about their living conditions, their daily training habits and their psychological, cognitive and emotional adaptation during the confinement. The results show the commitment of these athletes to their sports goals and their responsibility in respecting the confinement rules. Sixty-seven per cent of them stated that they had not left their homes for 96 days. In these extreme circumstances, the majority trained an average of 11 to 13 h a week and coped with the confinement with a positive attitude, in spite of the inconveniences of social isolation, the lack of equipment and technical support for training and the limitations of their physical space. The article analyzes which emotional and social factors influenced both their motivation and their hours of training.
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Merkulova, Ekaterina, Alexander Savostyanov, Andrey Bocharov, Ekaterina Proshina, and Gennady Knyazev. "Test–Retest Reliability of a Social Interaction Task." Behavioral Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs8100097.
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Accurate repeatability of experimental data is the basis of professional scientific research. In this study we analyzed three consecutive experiments: The subjects had to complete a questionnaire three times under similar conditions within a 2–3 week interval to ensure reproducibility of the original data from experiment to experiment, using the method of test–retest reliability. Absolute reliability was assessed by the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest real difference (SRD). The relative reliability was estimated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1) (average measures) and the results demonstrate almost perfect agreement. The social interaction model was applied for organization of the experimental study. In this virtual model, the participants had to choose one of three types of reactions (i.e., attacking, avoiding, or friendly) to stimuli-facial expressions (i.e., angry, fearful, sad, neutral, and happy). The results show significant correlation between personal characteristics and social interactions. The results of the influence of such personal characteristics as agreeableness, collectivism, extraversion, neuroticism, and those shown on the Relational-interdependent Self-Construal Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory are highly consistent with other researchers’ data and common sense.
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Martínez-González, Marina Begoña, Claudia Patricia Arenas-Rivera, Aura Alicia Cardozo-Rusinque, Aldair Ricardo Morales-Cuadro, Mónica Acuña-Rodríguez, Yamile Turizo-Palencia, and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. "Psychological and Gender Differences in a Simulated Cheating Coercion Situation at School." Social Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10070265.
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This study aimed to analyze gender, anxiety, and psychological inflexibility differences of high school students’ behaviors in a simulated situation of peer coercion into academic cheating. Method: A total of 1147 volunteer adolescents participated, (Men: N = 479; Mage = 16.3; Women: N = 668; Mage = 16.2). The participants saw 15 s animated online video presenting peer coercion into an academic cheating situation, including a questionnaire about their reactions to face the situation. They also answered the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for children and adolescents and the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y). Gender was associated with the behaviors facing the situation. Higher state anxiety and inflexibility were present in those participants that avoided aggressive behaviors facing the situation; on the other hand, trait anxiety was present in those who reacted aggressively. Finally, higher anxiety and inflexibility were associated with the used moral disengagement mechanisms, but also with peers’ perception as sanctioning or being against the participants’ decision. The most aggressive students were more flexible and less stressed than those who tried to solve assertively. Expectations about peers seem to be relevant to the decision-making facing moral dilemmas and peer victimization.
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Farazi, Aliasghar, Masoomeh Sofian, Mansoureh Jabbariasl, and Sara Keshavarz. "Adverse Reactions to Antituberculosis Drugs in Iranian Tuberculosis Patients." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/412893.
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Background. Antituberculosis multidrug regimens have been associated with increased incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study aimed to determine the incidence and associated factors of ADRs due to antituberculosis therapy.Methods. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study on tuberculosis patients who were treated in tuberculosis clinics in Markazi province in Iran. The information contained in the medical files was extracted and entered into the questionnaire. Data was descriptively analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 18).Results. A total of 940 TB patients of 1240 patients’ medical records available in 10 medical offices were included in this study. Of the 563 ADRs found in this study, 82.4% were considered minor reactions and 17.6% were major reactions. No death from antituberculosis ADR was observed. We found that the risk of major ADRs was higher in females (P value=0.0241), age >50 y (P value=0.0223), coinfection with HIV (P value=0.0323), smoking (P value=0.002), retreatment TB (P value=0.0203), and comorbidities (P value=0.0005).Conclusions. This study showed that severe side effects of anti-TB drugs are common in patients who have risk factors of ADRs and they should be followed up by close monitoring.
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Wei, Zhen, Yan Hu, Jiayi Xiao, Ruotong Wang, Qianchu Huang, Ziwen Peng, Gangqiang Hou, and Qi Chen. "Impacts of the psychological stress response on aggression in adolescents during the COVID-19 epidemic in China." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 16 (January 2022): 183449092211025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18344909221102579.
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The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has exerted a tremendous impact on the psyche of people around the world, especially adolescents. In order to provide a valuable theoretical basis for effective measures to prevent psychological problems in adolescents during public health emergencies in the future, this study examined the mediating effect of coping style (CS, including positive coping style (PCS) and negative coping style (NCS)) and the moderating effect of emotional management ability (EMA) on the relationship between the psychological stress response (PSR) and aggression (AGG) in adolescents during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. The Buss–Warren Aggression Questionnaire, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Emotion Management Questionnaire were employed to investigate the mental health of Chinese adolescents from April 10–20 (Time point 1, T1) and May 20–30 (Time point 2, T2), 2020. A total of 1,931 adolescents (aged 10–25 years, M = 19.18 years, 51.4% male) were examined at T1 and 334 adolescents (aged 11–25 years, M = 19.97 years, 48.7% male) were reinvestigated at T2. Overall, 17.6% of the participants at T1 and 16.8% at T2 reported obvious PSR activation. NCS partly mediated the relationship between the PSR and AGG, and the indirect effect was moderated by EMA reported at T2. There were regional differences in the moderated mediation model in low-risk areas at T1. The moderated effects of EMA at T1 and T2 were opposite. Specifically, high EMA resulted in a stronger relationship between NCS and AGG at T1, whereas high EMA resulted in a weaker relationship between NCS and AGG at T2. Psychological reactions resulting from sudden public health events may trigger AGG in younger individuals. However, EMA may have a buffering effect on the onset of AGG. This research expands our understanding of the development of AGG in adolescents during the pandemic.
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Veronese, Guido, Alessandro Pepe, Irene Massaiu, Ann-Sophie De Mol, and Ian Robbins. "Posttraumatic growth is related to subjective well-being of aid workers exposed to cumulative trauma in Palestine." Transcultural Psychiatry 54, no. 3 (May 25, 2017): 332–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461517706288.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examined how stress reactions after traumatic events influence subjective well-being (SWB) via the indirect effect of posttraumatic growth (PTG) in two samples of Palestinian professional helpers from the Gaza Strip and West Bank ( n = 201). Using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) as a dependent measure of well-being, and PTGI-10, PANAS-20, WHO-5 BREF, and IES-13 questionnaires as independent variables, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine whether: (a) cumulative trauma was negatively and directly related to subjective well-being; (b) levels of trauma were positively and directly related to posttraumatic growth; and (c) PTG was positively and directly related to subjective well-being. The findings suggest that posttraumatic growth contributes to mitigating and buffering (on the order of approximately 10%) the effect of trauma on subjective well-being. PTG seems to be a resource that can help aid workers deal with the consequences of stressful life events. Clinical implications and directions for supervision and training are discussed.
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Sobkin, V. S., and T. A. Lykova. "Personal Characteristics and Reactions to Frustration (Based on the Results of the Study of Student-Actors)." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 26, no. 1 (2018): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2018260102.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the results of a study of relationships between personality features and reactions to frustration among the student-actors. We tested the hypothesis about the correlation between behaviors in situations of frustration and such personal characteristics as empathy, trust, and reflexivity in relation to social behavior. Sample: 142 first-year students of a Moscow theatre college. Methods: R. Cattell’s 16 PF Questionnaire and S. Rosenzweig’s frustration picture test. Results: it is shown that projective emotional sensitivity is associated with two types of reactions — self-defense through aggression and self-defense through the acceptance of guilt. Conclusions: we revealed the important role of reactions aimed at resolving the frustrating situation through appealing to the interaction partner; this mode of behavior in a conflict situation is associated with a set of personal characteristics corresponding to the Groundedness factor in Cattell’s test, which implies attention to the specific circumstances of the action.
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Gulfi, Alida, Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart, Jean-Luc Heeb, and Elisabeth Gutjahr. "The Impact of Patient Suicide on the Professional Reactions and Practices of Mental Health Caregivers and Social Workers." Crisis 31, no. 4 (July 2010): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0027-5910/a000027.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Mental health and social professionals are at high risk of experiencing at least one patient suicide during their career. Aims: This paper investigates the impact of patient suicide on the reactions and working practices of mental health and social professionals. It also examines how such an impact may vary depending on the professionals’ characteristics, their relationship with the patient, as well as the institutional setting in which they work. Methods: 275 professionals working in sociomedical institutions in French-speaking Switzerland completed a questionnaire. Results: Patient suicide can cause a wide range of long-lasting reactions and changes in the working practices of mental health and social professionals. Professional’s gender, place of suicide, as well as responsibility for and emotional attachment to the patient significantly influence the impact that a patient suicide has on such professionals. Professional’s age, the type of profession, the number of suicides experienced, and previous suicide attempts by the deceased patient were also found to play a significant role with regard to changes in working practices. Conclusions: Beyond the emotional and professional impact, patient suicide may have also a formative influence, encouraging professionals to review and improve their working practices. Recommendations to help mental health and social professionals who have experienced a patient suicide are discussed.