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Lawson, L. St L. "Social dimensions of the attribution of responsibility for accidents." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375273.
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Olson, Amy R. "Maladaptive attributions as a function of trauma type interpersonal violence vs. accidents /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1453194971&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Chesham, David J. "Applying social-psychological theories of behaviour to the problem of accident prevention : reducing the accident liability of motorcyclists." Thesis, University of Kent, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297344.
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Rolls, Geoffrey W. P. "Social psychological aspects of driver behaviour and accident potential in younger drivers." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315437.
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Miller, Lynn. "Social-cognitive process in posttraumatic stress disorder in motor vehicle accident survivors." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9334.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common sequela in those individuals who survive or witness an event such as a motor vehicle accident (MVA) that may threaten personal and interpersonal integrity. Yet, not all individuals who experience MVAs develop PTSD. It was hypothesized that MVA survivors who developed PTSD would evidence dysfunctional thinking characterized by maladaptive rules, assumptions, and interpretations, or schema specific to road traffic situations. Such dysfunctional thinking patterns were thought to be associated with individuals' perceptions of increased threat in road traffic situations and with PTSD in survivors of MVAs. The study also sought to explore the possible modifying effect that social interactional influences may have on maladaptive schema. In Study 1, a Motor Vehicle-Related Schema (MVRS) questionnaire was developed as A tool to tap the content of a potential dysfunctional thought process germane to road traffic situations. In Study 2, MVA survivors who developed PTSD were compared to MVA survivors who did not develop PTSD. A group of injured workers and a community sample were used as control groups. The control groups allowed the researcher to address the question of specificity of maladaptive schema related to road traffic situations in the MVA PTSD group. Multiple measures were used to assess the presence or absence of PTSD. Participants in the MVA PTSD group endorsed significantly higher levels of dysfunctional and maladaptive cognitions specific to road traffic situations than did all other participant groups. Given that other factors might influence this type of thought process, a number of other variables were examined. The findings remained robust even after adjustment for: (a) persistent dysfunctional schemas tapping general personal and interpersonal vulnerability, (b) subjective pain, and (c) self-reported depression. In addition, MVA survivors who developed PTSD, compared to MVA survivors who did not develop PTSD, reported significantly lower levels of perceived beneficial social interactions. However, these findings became non-significant after adjustment for subjective pain and self-reported depression. Overall, the findings suggest that MVA survivors who developed PTSD organized and interpreted stimuli relevant to road traffic situations in ways that were fundamentally different from MVA survivors who did not develop PTSD, injured workers and a community sample. More specifically, participants in the MVA PTSD group tended to interpret road traffic situations as more threatening than did participants in the other groups in this study. The perception of lower levels of beneficial social interactions appear to be associated more with heightened levels of distress, pain, and depression than with PTSD. This investigation demonstrates that it is possible to tap into maladaptive schemas using a self-report measure. Consistent with cognitive-behavioral clinical protocols for MVA survivors with PTSD, these results support the notion that specific dysfunctional or maladaptive cognitions appear to characterize MVA survivors with PTSD. A better understanding of dysfunctional schemas specific to road traffic situations, gleaned through further research, may be of some benefit in attenuating or managing symptoms of PTSD in WA survivors. Although the injured workers were not the focus of this research, many of the participants in this group met the classification for PTSD or posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). This finding suggests that clinical screening and further research for PTSD in injured workers might also be warranted.
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Busuttil, Angela. "Coping and psychological morbidity after road traffic accidents : the development of a coping scale and an examination of stressor variables, coping and social support in relation to post traumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2846/.
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Nallet, N. "Profils de personnalité en lien avec les infractions et/ou les accidents de la route. Qui sont les stagiaires permis à points ?" Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544915.
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« L'observable est-il calculable » constitue le leitmotiv de cette recherche qui trouve son origine dans une pratique d'animateur psychologue lors de nombreux stages de Permis à Points, dits stages PAP. La sécurité routière, enjeu de santé publique et préoccupation mondiale, en est le terrain d'application. L'idéologie du système repose sur l'existence d'un lien entre infractions et accidents. La question de l'éducation à la route se pose en termes de traitement cognitif et de rapport au social et à la loi. Or le fait de commettre des infractions est un acte complexe et situé, sous l'influence de plusieurs paramètres, notamment : l'âge, le genre, la personnalité, la prise de risque, la recherche de sensations, les représentations mentales et le comportement ainsi que les influences sociales et sociétales. Une revue de la littérature permet de faire le lien entre les facteurs de risque individuel et l'infraction, voire l'accidentologie. Une approche d'un échantillon de 854 stagiaires (PAP), dans le cadre d'une enquête cas/témoins sur un effectif total de 2014 sujets, permet de définir la population des stagiaires PAP et d'invalider l'hypothèse selon laquelle le stagiaire s'assimilerait à Monsieur tout le monde. Tout comme il a été démontré que dans l'enfance la petite fille est plus sensible à la sanction alors que le petit garçon, l'est plus aux encouragements ; le stagiaire PAP, pour une grande partie de sexe masculin (90 % d'entre eux) est peu sensible à la sanction. Il reste donc à imaginer un système d'éducation/prévention qui prenne en compte la récompense. Le principe de la récompense ne doit pas permettre une thésaurisation des points, puis ensuite un déstockage à volonté permettant ainsi au sujet de « s'offrir » une infraction. Les spécificités sociales, de mode de vie et de personnalité des stagiaires permettent d'éclairer les préceptes en matière de formation. Des mesures post-permis permettant de faire entrer les préoccupations individuelles dans un enjeu collectif de santé publique pourraient favoriser le passage du curatif au préventif. La pédagogie développée avec les récidivistes en stage PAP devra aujourd'hui plus qu'hier s'orienter sur le mode de vie plus que sur l'aspect technique. Le rapport européen Dan sur les mesures post-permis a déjà souligné que plus l'accent est mis sur la personnalité dans ce genre d'animation, plus le taux de récidive est faible (DAN 2000). Reste à savoir s'il s'agit d'animation ou de thérapeutique, auquel cas la durée du stage ainsi qu'une absence d'évaluation et de suivi posent problème.
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García, Cardó Alfonso. "Relaciones entre los factores psicosociales de la Agencia Europea para la seguridad y salud en el trabajo y la accidentabilidad laboral en el sector metalúrgico español." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670030.
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En España, en la mayoría de empresas y por normal general, los factores de riesgo psicosocial se gestionan aisladamente del resto de disciplinas de la prevención de riesgos laborales (seguridad, higiene industrial y ergonomía). Incluso, en los estudios de accidentabilidad, no se contemplan éstos factores como desencadenantes de daños físicos.
En este contexto, la presente tesis doctoral nace con el objetivo de analizar si las percepciones que tienen los trabajadores y las trabajadoras (en adelante “trabajadores”) sobre los factores psicosociales, tienen algún tipo de relación con la accidentabilidad de la organización en la que trabajan. Así, la accidentabilidad de la organización ha sido considerada únicamente como una variable clasificatoria.
Para lograr este objetivo se ha diseñado un cuestionario ad hoc con escalas tipo Likert. Dicho cuestionario ha sido aplicado a trabajadores del sector metalúrgico al final de dos períodos diferentes (2000-2004 y 2011-2015). Las empresas participantes y sus trabajadores fueron diferentes en cada período, si bien fueron seleccionadas bajo los mismos criterios.
El resultado de esta tesis doctoral señala que la percepción que tienen los trabajadores que desempeñan su labor profesional en empresas de alta, y de los que lo realizan en empresas de baja accidentabilidad, es significativamente diferente. Ello ha sido así en las siguientes escalas de medida: clima de seguridad, bienestar laboral, poder de decisión, riesgo basal, sobrecarga, condiciones de trabajo, así como en la percepción de estrés. Además, cabe destacar que en los dos momentos temporales en los que se analizaron los datos recogidos (2000-2004 y 2011-2015), los resultados fueron similares. Las percepciones de los trabajadores en las diferentes escalas psicosociales analizadas fueron similares, aún y existir una década de diferencia entre las dos muestras.
En conclusión, los factores psicosociales parecen ser indicadores útiles a la hora de analizar la accidentabilidad en las organizaciones del sector metalúrgico español. Por tanto, a raíz de los resultados obtenidos en la presente tesis doctoral, se propone que los factores psicosociales sean evaluados y analizados de manera integrada con el resto de disciplinas: seguridad, higiene industrial y ergonomía.Psychosocial risk factors are managed, as a general rule, in most companies in Spain in isolation from other disciplines of occupational risk prevention (safety, industrial hygiene and ergonomics). Even in accident studies, these factors are not considered as triggers of physical damages. In this context, this research was born with the objective of studying whether the perceptions that workers have about psychosocial factors have some kind of relationship with the accident rate of the organization in which they work. Being the accident rate of the organization only a qualifying variable. To achieve this goal, an "ad hoc" questionnaire with Likert scales has been designed, which has been applied to workers in the metallurgical sector at the end of two different periods (2000-2004 and 2011-2015). Workers and companies were different in each period, but under the same selection criteria. The result of this research indicates that the perception of the workers who perform their professional work in high-risk companies and those who perform it in those with low accident rates is significantly different in the scales of: safety climate, work well-being, decision power, basal risk, overload, work conditions, as well as in the stress percepcion. It is confirmed that these perceptions are stable over time (a decade apart). The workers perceptions in the different psychosocial scales analyzed were similar, even having a decade of difference between the two samples. In conclusion, psychosocial factors are optimal indicators of the accident rate of organizations. Therefore, they must be evaluated and analyzed in an integrated manner with the other disciplines: safety, industrial hygiene and ergonomics.
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Rapela, Andréa Januário. "O trauma corporal por acidentes de trabalho e suas implicações psíquicas." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2009. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=523.
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O estudo do acidente de trabalho é um tema relativamente recente, nasce no início do século XX, posteriormente à revolução industrial, tomando força com o nascimento da medicina do trabalho. Desde então, vem despertando o interesse por parte dos pesquisadores das ciências da saúde, ciências humanas e ciências sociais, pois é possível estudá-lo sob diferentes enfoques. Esta pesquisa se propõe estudar as implicações psíquicas do trauma corporal nos vitimados por acidentes de trabalhos. Especificamente, pretende abordar o
conceito de trauma psíquico de modo a servir de subsídio para repensar a clínica com acidentados e analisar quais as razões que levam alguns indivíduos a permanecerem vinculados ao trauma decorrente do acidente do trabalho, fazendo dele um elemento central nas suas vidas. Trata-se de um projeto inserido num estudo mais amplo que discute as questões das psicopatologias do corpo no contexto social atual. O trabalho teve como referencial teórico estudos acerca do acidente de trabalho, a teoria freudiana do trauma, as contribuições de Paul - Laurent Assoun, sobre o corpo na psicanálise e autores
psicanalíticos contemporâneos. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada junto a pessoas adultas que sofreram acidentes de trabalho, independente da faixa etária e sexo e, para tanto,
escolhemos, uma instituição governamental, Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS). como campo de nossa pesquisa, por ser ela a instituição pública encarregada de prestar
assistência ao trabalhador quando ele perde a capacidade de trabalho, seja por doença, por invalidez, por idade avançada, por desemprego, ou ainda por assistir às famílias dos
trabalhadores em caso de morte. Coletamos depoimentos de sujeitos que sofreram acidentes de trabalho, tais depoimentos foram interpretados à luz dos conceitos psicanalíticos que
sustentam a prática clínica. Esperamos que os resultados ampliem a discussão e o conhecimento sobre as repercussões psíquicas em pessoas traumatizadas por acidente de
trabalho, mostrando os desdobramentos desses traumas no corpo e suas relações psicossociais
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Daley, Meagan. "The impact and economic costs of insomnia : health-care utilisation, work function and accidents." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24345/24345.pdf.
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Silva, Adriana Souza da. "A marca da lei no corpo : considerações sobre o registro da (in)utilidade no corpo de trabalhadores bancários." Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5968.
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This study aims to describe what discourses about the illness of the body of the worker diagnosed with RSI/Dort and its relation to social protection devices of the state (accident benefits and wages) and against the state (administrative and legal demands of the workers against the INSS). This is intended to identify the reports about the (in) utility body worker diagnosed with RSI/Dort present in INSS and publications from these publications, map the other social actors that present themselves in these
documents in discourses on the concept of body unable to work. Also problematize the relationship between work, body and health in contemporary from the senses that are constructed in discursive play and how the various devices and instances of state crossing in the production of meanings about the subjects that are affected by RSI/WMSD and we are in a situation of inability to work. In an attempt to demarcate the conditions of possibility of these discourses, seeks to emphasize the historicity of
brands involved in aspects of production, circulation and consumption of these discourses. Based on the desk research as a methodological strategy, the work is guided in look that takes the analysis of the discursive practices through the production of meanings. Documents are used as the publications of the INSS on your Website that have addressed the issue as RSI/Dort. Examination of documents, notes the
consolidation of the publications of the INSS in the production of meanings about RSI/Dort, but also is the recent statement arregimento between the Ministry of Social Security and the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Labour and Employment. Regarding the assessment of incapacity for work, emphasizes the supremacy of medical care for physical examinations, which possibly indicates the importance given to social security expert in the production of truth about this disease. Therapeutic measures are still considered incipient and the prognosis is not favorable to the worker. The reintegration of the worker who has been affected by RSI/Dort and is able to return to work is still a step-confrontational, which has demanded accountability questions about the disease and the social protection of such workers. Shares judicias between worker and company, employee and company and INSS and seem to establish a field
conflictive to guarantee rights and social protection for the worker who is marked as unable to work due to RSI/Dort.O presente estudo objetiva enunciar as discursividades sobre o adoecimento do corpo do trabalhador acometido por LER/Dort e sua relação com os dispositivos de proteção social do Estado (benefícios acidentários e previdenciários) e contra o Estado (demandas administrativas e judiciais dos trabalhadores contra o INSS). Com isso, pretende identificar os relatos sobre a (in)utilidade do corpo do trabalhador acometido por LER/Dort presente nas publicações do INSS e, a partir dessas publicações, mapear os demais atores sociais que se presentificam nesses documentos no discursos sobre o conceito de corpo incapaz para o trabalho. Também se problematizam a relação entre trabalho, corpo e saúde na contemporaneidade a partir dos sentidos que se constroem nesse jogo discursivo e de que forma as diversas instâncias e dispositivos de Estado se atravessam na produção de sentidos sobre os sujeitos que são acometidos pelas LER/DORT e que se encontram numa situação de incapacidade para o trabalho. Na tentativa de demarcar as condições de possibilidade dessas discursividades, busca enfatizar as marcas de historicidade envolvidas nos aspectos de produção, circulação e consumo desses discursos. Partindo da pesquisa documental como estratégia metodológica, o trabalho pauta-se no olhar que assume a análise das práticas discursivas através da produção de sentidos. São utilizados como documentos as publicações do INSS em seu portal eletrônico que têm como assunto abordado as LER/Dort. Na análise dos documentos, observa-se a consolidação das publicações do INSS na produção de sentidos sobre as LER/Dort, mas também é enunciado o recente arregimento entre o Ministério da Previdência e Assistência Social e os Ministério da Saúde e Ministério do Trabalho e do Emprego. No que diz respeito à avaliação da incapacidade para o trabalho, ressalta-se a supremacia do olhar clínico sobre os exames físicos, o que indica possivelmente a importância dada ao perito previdenciário na produção de verdade sobre essa enfermidade. As medidas terapêuticas ainda são consideradas incipientes e o prognóstico é bastante desfavorável ao trabalhador. A reinserção profissional do trabalhador que foi acometido pelas LER/Dort e encontra-se apto ao retorno ao trabalho ainda é uma etapa conflituosa, o que tem demandado questões sobre a responsabilização pelo adoecimento e pela proteção social desse trabalhador. As ações judicias entre trabalhador e empresa, trabalhador e INSS e empresa e INSS parecem estabelecer um campo conflituoso para garantia de direitos e proteção social para o trabalhador que é marcado como incapaz para o trabalho em virtude das LER/Dort.
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Ngueutsa, Robert. "Croyances et comportements de sécurité des usagers et agents du trafic routier : une étude des perceptions et de l'explication naïve des accidents de la route au Cameroun." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820973.
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La présente thèse envisage de cerner les comportements des Camerounais sur les routes.En l'occurrence, nous voulons savoir comment les croyances fatalistes, les croyances decontrôle, les croyances au contrôle divin, les croyances et valeurs culturelles, l'explicationnaïve des accidents et la perception du risque peuvent affecter les comportements des usagerset agents du trafic routier au Cameroun. Cinq études sont réalisées dans le cadre de notrethèse. La première étude examine 522 procès-verbaux d'accidents réels et montre qu'unegrande majorité des accidents surviennent dans de bonnes conditions de conduite. De plus, lesconducteurs se rejettent mutuellement la faute, mais s'accordent avec les gendarmes pour direque le comportement des conducteurs est la première cause des accidents de la route auCameroun. Une deuxième étude évalue la variation des comportements en fonction des explicationscausales et des croyances, sur un échantillon de 525 participants. On observe que lesparticipants présentent davantage des comportements sécuritaires lorsqu'ils expliquent lesaccidents par le comportement des conducteurs, mais leurs comportements tendent à êtremoins sécuritaires lorsqu'ils expliquent ceux-ci par des causes externes non contrôlables. Lesexplications causales tendent à être externes aux conducteurs lorsque les participants sontfatalistes, croient qu'ils peuvent affronter les situations de trafic dangereuses sans en êtreinquiété, croient que Dieu contrôle les situations dangereuses auxquelles ils peuvent faire faceou lorsqu'ils adhèrent fortement aux croyances et valeurs culturelles. En particulier, lescroyances et valeurs culturelles qui sont supposées protéger la vie, les croyances fatalistes etles croyances au contrôle divin se distinguent par leur capacité à favoriser l'explication desaccidents par des forces invisibles et à induire des comportements insécuritaires. Enfin, le rôlemédiateur des explications causales se révèlent pour toutes les croyances.A partir d'une quasi-expérimentation réalisée auprès de 444 participants, l'étude 3analyse la variation des explications causales et de l'attitude vis-à-vis des mesures deprévention, en fonction de la pertinence situationnelle, de la pertinence personnelle et de lagravité de l'accident. On observe que les participants ont tendance à fournir des explicationscausales défensives d'autant plus que la situation accidentelle leur est pertinente, qu'ilss'identifient à la victime et que l'accident est grave. De plus ils ont une préférence pour desmesures de prévention orientées vers les conducteurs lorsqu'ils expliquent les accidents par lecomportement de ces derniers. L'étude 4 montre une tendance à adopter des comportements moins sécuritaires lorsque les participants sous-estiment le risque routier. En outre, ces derniers ont tendance à sousestimer le risque lorsqu'ils sont fatalistes alors qu'ils ont davantage peur du risque lorsqu'ils sont attachés à leur identité culturelle. Enfin, les participants ont tendance à se croire capables d'affronter le risque routier sans en être inquiété lorsqu'ils croient que Dieu contrôle lessituations dangereuses ou lorsqu'ils croient aux pratiques culturelles supposées protéger lavie. Dans l'étude 5, on montre que les participants ont tendance à adopter descomportements davantage sécuritaires lorsqu'ils ont une perception élevée du risque etexpliquent les accidents par des causes contrôlables. Par contre, ils se montrent plutôtimprudents sur les routes lorsqu'ils ont une perception élevée du risque et croient que lesaccidents sont causés par des forces invisibles. Les résultats vont dans le sens des travaux antérieurs et sont discutés en rapport avec les connaissances théoriques. Enfin, des suggestions encouragent une prévention fondée sur les croyances de la population cible.
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Green, Judith. "Risk and misfortune : a social construction of accidents /." London : UCL press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37541512n.
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Stewart, Douglas Lunan. "Safety implications of driver misperception in road accidents involving child pedestrians." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358258.
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Accidents to child pedestrians are usually blamed on their inexperience and carelessness. This thesis proposes instead that the main problem is a form of driver error, overestimation of time-to-collision. When drivers have to make critical decisions about braking, time-to-collision may be much longer than can be reliably judged from optic flow. They therefore have to obtain time-to-collision indirectly from distance and speed. The main cue for distance is familiar size, so if a driver tends to misperceive a child as a larger person at a greater distance, he would overestimate time-to-collision. Risk of accident would therefore increase. That hypothesis is supported by a new collision simulation, which replicates a braking manoeuvre. An experiment based on the simulation supports the hypothesis, and allows influences on accidents to be predicted. These are tested from national accident statistics, which indicate that over half of all child pedestrian casualties would not occur but for this driver error. Several remedial measures are proposed. The experiment not only supports that hypothesis. It also suggests that the cognitive process by which time-to-collision is obtained from optic flow differs from that generally assumed - processing angular distance and angular velocity by the algorithm θ/θ. An alternative algorithm 2theta/θis proposed, where θ is angular acceleration, which provides the same value of time-to-collision without the need for angular distance. The new algorithm is supported by further experiment, and provides an understanding of situations which were difficult to reconcile with the θ/θ hypothesis. Our ability to respond to moving objects which are very small, of variable shape, visible only briefly, or changing speed, becomes more understandable. Though primarily related to pedestrian safety, therefore, the work reported in this thesis could have far wider application.
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Vardi, Itai. "Normalizing accidents: cars, carnage and the disappearance of social problems." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32067.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityThis dissertation probes critical questions about the relationship between the production of cultural meanings, social power, and material objects. By using the public discourse on traffic accidents in the United States as a historical case study, this study investigates in particular the various ways by which social groups respond to unintended technological consequences and dangers within definitional processes of collectively constructing a social problem. The textual-thematic analysis draws largely upon theories from social problems literature and science & technology studies, as it looks at a number of salient historical claimsmakers, sites of discourse production, and cultural vehicles of meaning making. Specifically, the contributions of the private insurance industry, safety establishment, consumer market, automobile clubs, and printed media are closely dissected to flesh out the contours and content of the accident problem's construction and development through time. In line with a contextual constructivist approach to social problems analysis, the research has observed the emergence, evolution, and eventual waning of the accident issue along several structural anchors that provide possible explanations for some of these dynamics. To a great extent, the traffic accident problem has gradually 'disappeared' in America throughout the twentieth century - a disappearance that is not physical but conceptual. Specifically, it means that the troubling social condition is defined as something to live with, a necessary evil of which there seems to be limited ability or desire to substantially affect or eradicate. The sociological concept I employ to name this particular trajectory towards problem attenuation is normalization. Applied to the case analyzed here, the findings offer a way to understand the processes by which traffic accidents become nom1alized in America as an acquiescent price to pay for the benefits of the automobile. Theoretically, these conclusions have laid the groundwork for producing a hypothetical model of social problems normalization. The model highlights the role played by several cultural devices of claimsmaking in affecting issue attenuation or 'disappearance.' When the problem is constructed through highly technicizing, commensurating, commodifying, and socially controlling modalities of sense making, the likelihood of its normalization and eventual floundering increases.
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Haggart, James Charles. "LIFE STRESS AND ATHLETIC INJURIES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275370.
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Varet, Florent. "Comportements à risques et infractionnistes chez les automobilistes : relations entre valeurs, normes sociales et différences liées au sexe, au genre et à l'âge." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0266.
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Les hommes et les jeunes sont plus souvent impliqués dans les accidents graves et mortels de la route que les femmes et les conducteurs plus âgés. D’après la littérature, les comportements à risques et infractionnistes (CRI) au volant pourraient être motivés par la recherche d'une appartenance et d'un statut social valorisants mais également par l'affirmation de valeurs relatives à la compétence, au pouvoir et à la masculinité. Peu d’études ont proposé de tester directement le rôle médiateur de ces valeurs et la normativité dans les différences de sexe et d’âge affectant les CRI. Nos travaux proposent d’explorer (a) le rôle de l'adhésion à certaines valeurs dans la survenue des CRI au volant ; (b) de tester le rôle médiateur de ces valeurs dans les différences liées au sexe et à l'âge ; (c) de vérifier la normativité de ces comportements en fonction du sexe et de l’âge. Six études ont été réalisées. Les principaux résultats indiquent que (a) l'adhésion à des valeurs centrées sur la recherche d’un haut statut social est particulièrement associée aux CRI ; (b) ces valeurs médiatiseraient en partie les différences de sexe et d’âge observées ; (c) CRI relatifs à la vitesse font l'objet d'une plus grande valorisation sociale chez les hommes et chez les jeunes conducteurs mais ce phénomène ne serait pas sous-tendu par les mêmes motivations pour ces deux populations. Les implications théoriques de ses résultats sont discutées sur le plan des relations empiriques entre les différents modèles mobilisés. Les perspectives pour l’application dans le champ de la sécurité routière sont également discutées sous l'angle du changement de comportementsMen and young drivers are more often involved in serious and fatal road accidents than women and older drivers. According to the literature, risky and offending behaviours (ROBs) at the wheel could be motivated by the search for a sense of belonging and social status, but also by the affirmation of values relating to competence, power and masculinity. Few studies have proposed to directly test the mediating role of these values and normativity in gender and age differences affecting ROBs. Our work proposes to explore the role of adherence to certain values in the occurrence of ROBs at wheel; (b) to test the mediating role of these values in gender and age differences; (c) to verify the normativity of these behaviours according to gender and age. Six studies were carried out. The main results indicate that (a) adherence to values centred toward the pursuit of a high social status is particularly associated with ROBs; (b) these values partially mediate the observed gender and age differences; (c) ROBs related to speed are more socially valued by men and young drivers, but this phenomenon is not supported by the same motivations for these two populations. The theoretical implications of its results are discussed in terms of empirical relationships between the different models used. Applied perspectives for behaviour change in the field of road safety are also discussed
18
Orlando, Theresa Eileen. "The meaning of falling for elderly community-dwelling individuals." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27729.
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Falls in the elderly Canadian population pose a serious health problem; they are the leading cause of accidental death in persons aged 65 and older. The most common serious injuries associated with falling are hip fractures; more than 19,000 Canadians sustain a hip fracture yearly as a result of a fall.
A review of the literature reveals that most of the studies on falling have been conducted in institutional settings. Community-based studies have identified the risk factors associated with falling to assist in case-finding and fall prevention. However, qualitative studies of falling for elderly community-dwelling individuals are non-existent.
The purpose of this study is to describe the meaning of falling for elderly community-dwelling individuals. The phenomenological approach to qualitative methodology was used for this study. This approach seeks to describe human experience as it is lived. Individuals 65 years of age or older were contacted through a Long Term Care Unit. Eight women became informants,
participating in repeated interviews guided by open-ended questions.
From the content analysis of the data, three major categories of data that were common to the participants were identified and developed. The three categories represent levels of perception in relation to falling, which together represent the entire meaning of falling. At the first level, participants interpreted the various aspects of their falls. The second level describes the reactions to falling. The third level describes how participants coped with falling in the context of coping with aging.
These findings revealed that falling was viewed as a symbol of aging and therefore, the emotional reaction to falling occurred in the context of growing old. Furthermore, it was found that coping with falling occurred in the broader context of coping with aging. The implications for nursing practise,
education, and research were identified in light of the research findings.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
19
Miller, Kathryn M. "A test of protection-motivation theory for promoting injury control." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112009-040238/.
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Hankins, Keith. "Embracing Moral Luck: Accidents, Apologies, and the Foundations of Social Cooperation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560948.
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The norms that mediate our responses to accidents play a critical role in facilitating social cooperation. My dissertation explores these norms with an eye towards what they can tell us about the nature of moral responsibility. Drawing on Adam Smith's brief, but important discussion of moral luck, I argue that our responses to accidents reveal the extent to which the obligations we incur and the moral appraisals we make of one another are often appropriately influenced by fortune. In particular, I show how making sense of these responses requires us to embrace the idea that we can sometimes be morally responsible for things without being culpable, and I argue that doing so need not do violence to our moral intuitions.
21
Magnuson, Scott A. "THE EFFECTS OF CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS ON PROSPECTIVE MEMORY." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1372205700.
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Shikano, Teruyuki. "Training/retraining of driving skills to reduce accidents in a simulator environment using various training methods." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29452.
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Abdalla, Ibrahim Mohamed. "Statistical investigation and modelling of relationships between road accidents and social characteristics." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682566.
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Li, Hon-kwok. "A systematic review of qualitative studies on old people's psycho-social experiences of falls and their prevention." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41711026.
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Meares, Kevin J. M. "Intrusive thoughts, crisis support and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorders in adolescents involved in road traffic accidents." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57706/.
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This study aimed to survey an adolescent sample for the prevalence of PTSD symptoms following a road traffic accident (RTA). In addition, it aimed to examine the relationship between PTSD symptoms and a number of variables which have been suggested by Rachman's (1980)emotional processing. theory to be important in the development of PTSD. Rachman's theory suggests that intrusive phenomena are indicative of emotional processing. His theory accounts for both everyday and trauma related intrusive phenomena and suggests that the same mechanisms a; c employed in both everyday and traumatic processing. This study examined the influence of controllability and affective discomfort associated with everyday intrusive thoughts on the levels of PTSD seen in adolescents involved in RTAs. In addition, other variables were assessed which were Suggested by Rachman to be indicative of successful emotional processing (e. g. social support). 34 4'r, adolescents between the age of 10 and 16, who had been involved in RTAs were asked to complete" battery of questionnaires presented in a structured interview format. Each participant completed the Impact of Events Scale (Horowitz et al., 1979), the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale Reynolds and Richmond, 1978), the Birleson depression inventory (Birleson, 1981), the Crisis Support Scale (Joseph et al., 1992) and two measures of accident related intrusive thoughts and everyday intrusive thoughts which have been adapted from previously used instruments (Salkovskis, l 985, Allsopp and Williams, 1996). A quarter of all adolescents involved in RTAs were found to Stiffer severe levels of PTSD psychopathology as measured by the IES. The experience of accident related intrusive thoughts was associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Everyday 4ioughts, that were controllable and did not cause affective discomfort, were associated with lower levels of PTSD symptoms. Post-traumatic symptoms were predicted by accident severity variables such as collision speeds and degree of injury. Variables suggested by Rachman (e. g. controllability %f intrusive thoughts) were found to supplement accident severity variables. While considering the methodological problems encountered, the results of this study are discussed along with their implications for clinical practice and future research.
26
賴漢國 and Hon-kwok Li. "A systematic review of qualitative studies on old people's psycho-social experiences of falls and their prevention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41711026.
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Burger, Elke. "Investigating high turnover intention and a diminished level of organisational commitment as antecedents of accidents." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86316.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A study on intention to leave and efficiency that was conducted in the healthcare industry reported that an employee contemplating leaving an organisation cuts corners and compromises quality (Waldman, Kelly, Arora & Smith, 2004). In other words, employees with high intention to leave are more likely to disobey rules and procedures. Swain (2006) further argued that companies must weigh up the untold losses involved with an employee who has little to no loyalty towards an organisation, or no respect for the company’s equipment, against recruitment and development costs. It was therefore argued that a combination of high turnover intention and a diminished level of organisational commitment could influence an employee’s attitude towards safety procedures and, as a result, lead to an increase in accidents (Graham & Nafukho, 2010). This study utilised an extensive literature review on work climate, job satisfaction, organisational commitment, turnover intentions and accident rates and a conceptual model of safe driving dynamics in trucking to illustrate the notion that truck drivers with a diminished level of organisational commitment and the intention to leave may experience higher accident rates. A South African retail group made all their drivers available for the study, i.e. the entire population. The raw data was obtained through self-administered pencil-and-paper questionnaires. A response rate of 50% was achieved. Using Partial Least Squares analysis, the study found all three mindsets of organisational commitment to predict turnover intention. The practical implications of these findings could assist management in the improvement of an array of work behaviours such as job performance, work attendance and organisational citizenship, and decrease turnover rate. The study could not find any significant support for the predictive effect of turnover intention on risky driving behaviour. Future researchers, however, are encouraged to develop a model that could assist Human Resource professionals in the understanding, development, and implementation of interventions to increase organisational commitment, reduce intention to leave, actual turnover, and, consequently, costly truckload accidents.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bevindings van ’n studie oor intensies tot bedanking en doeltreffendheid wat in die gesondheidsorg industrie onderneem is, het aangedui dat ’n werknemer wat oorweeg om ’n organisasie te verlaat, die werk afskeep en gehalte in gedrang bring (Waldman, Kelly, Arora & Smith, 2004). Werknemers met sterk intensies tot bedanking is dus meer geneig om riglyne en vasgestelde prosedures te verontagsaam. Verder het Swain (2006) aangevoer dat maatskappye die onberekende verliese verbonde aan ’n werknemer wat geen respek vir die maatskappy se toerusting koester nie, moet opweeg teenoor werwing en ontwikkellingskostes. Daarvolgens is aangevoer dat ’n kombinasie van hoë intensies tot bedanking en ’n verlaagde vlak van organisasieverbondenheid ’n werknemer se houding teenoor veiligheidsprosedures kan beïnvloed en gevolglik tot ’n toename in ongelukke kan lei (Graham & Nafukho, 2010). Die huidige navorsingstudie het van ’n uitgebreide literatuurstudie met betrekking tot werksklimaat, werkstevredenheid, organisasieverbondenheid en ongeluksyfers, en ’n konseptuele model van veilige bestuursdinamika in vragmotorvervoer, gebruik gemaak om die idee dat vragmotorbestuurders met ’n verminderde vlak van organisasieverbondenheid en die intensie om te bedank ‘n hoër ongeluksyfer kan beleef. ’n Suid-Afrikaanse kleinhandel groep het al hul vragmotorbestuurders (dus die hele populasie) vir die studie beskikbaar gestel. Die roudata is met behulp van self-geadministreerde potlood-en-papier vraelyste verkry. ’n Responskoers van 50% is verkry. Met die gebruik van parsiële kleinste kwadrate analise, het die studie bevind dat intensies tot bedanking deur al drie ingesteldhede van organisasieverbondenheid voorspel word. Die praktiese implikasies van hierdie bevindinge kan bestuur help om ’n verskeidenheid werksgedrag, soos werkprestasie, werkbywoning en organisatoriese gemeenskapsgedrag, te verbeter en personeel-omsetafname te bewerkstellig. Die studie het nie daarin geslaag om beduidende ondersteuning vir die voorspellingseffek van intensies tot bedanking op riskante bestuursgedrag te vind nie. Toekomstige navorsers word egter aangemoedig om ’n model te ontwikkel wat menslike hulpbron-bestuurders sal help met die verstaan, ontwikkeling en implementering van ingrypings wat organisasieverbondenheid verhoog, sodat intensies tot bedanking en personeel-omset verlaag, en daardeur ook duur vragongelukke verminder word.
28
Ho, Yee-lin Dorothy. "Bereavement and coping in widows following the loss of their husbands through industrial accidents /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13417484.
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Kidd, Pamela Ann Stinson. "Trauma patients perception of the trauma experience." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184756.
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A grounded theory study was conducted to identify, describe and provide a theoretical analysis of the conditions and events surrounding the occurrence of physical trauma. Research questions addressed were: What pattern of behavior is present in individuals prior to experiencing a motor vehicle collision (MVC)?; To what degree do trauma patients view themselves as active participants in a MVC that results in physical injury? Twenty one informants participated in the study. Theoretical sampling involved the use of a variety of sources of data. Vignettes, interviews, songs, commercials and automobile advertisements were triangulated with existing literature. Constant comparative analysis revealed a grounded theory of self protection. Self protection consists of three phases; perceptions of actual control over the environment, experiencing a traumatic event that signifies loss of control over their environment, and self protection to enhance perceptions of actual control over the environment post event. Controlling perceptions influenced use of protection devices and post trauma driving behavior. Self protection involved emotional focused and problem focused strategies similar to that described in the literature. Perceptions of actual control over the environment was not a static trait but appeared to be situationally dependent. The theory explained the behavior of the majority of the informants regardless of their mechanisms of injury; although patients with injuries resulting from violence were omitted from the study. Informants who viewed driving as a pleasurable action with unpredictable outcomes, as a form of risk taking behavior, did not identify self protection strategies post event. The other informants viewed driving as an unconscious, automatized behavior and denied engaging in risk taking prior to the MVC. Findings indicate the need to explore the social context of the American lifestyle and the image of the automobile when explaining self protective strategies. Automobile manufacturers provide the illusion of control over the environment in their advertisements perhaps negating the need for self protection. Rationale for not supporting mandatory protection for the use of seat belts and helmets was provided by the informants. Further testing with contrasting groups is indicated to determine the usefulness of the theory outside the trauma patient population.
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Andel, Stephanie Anne. "Personality as a Predictor of Occupational Safety: Does it Really Matter?" Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5824.
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Past research demonstrates the high prevalence of occupational accidents and injuries, and therefore much work has gone into examining potential antecedents to such incidences. However, while some research has examined personality as a potential antecedent, results suggesting personality as a significant predictor of occupational safety remain inconclusive. Therefore, the purpose of the current work is to conduct a cross-sectional multi-source survey study that will take a closer look at the relationships between various personality variables and occupational safety. Essentially, the purpose of the current study is threefold: (1) to examine the relationships between two Big Five personality factors, safety locus of control, and optimism bias as antecedents of safety performance and outcomes, (2) to take a facet-level analysis by breaking up the extraversion and conscientiousness factors into their constituent facets in order to see if each facet may be differentially related to occupational safety when compared the overall factor, and (3) to examine various moderators that may affect the relationships between extraversion and occupational safety. Results of this study suggest that the extraversion and conscientiousness facets are not differentially related to occupational safety. Further, some evidence for contextual moderators in the relationships between personality and safety performance was found. Overall, this study provides further insight into the role that personality may play in predicting safety across various industries.
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Bisalu, Roger. "La contribution du droit social français au droit social congolais." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA131018.
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Afin de mieux saisir la portee exacte de l'heritage du droit social francais, le titre i analyse le systeme d'organisation traditionnelle des accidents du travail dans la societe congolaise pre coloniale. Il ressort que cette organisation etait binaire ; au niveau de la famille et du clan. Le titre 2 montre que les acquis de la colonisation en matiere des accidents du travail en droit social congolais sont la modernisation d'organisation des accidents du travail a l'instar du modele francais, en partie influencee par l'action de l'o. I. T. Et d'autre part l'influence post coloniale du droit social francais comme reference; et source d'inspiration et de reflexion du droit social congolais. La deuxieme partie traite la contribution future du droit social francais, ebauche dans cette perspective un systeme specifique de prevention et de reparation des accidents du travail au congo. Le titre i met en relief les causes d'une necessite d'une mise en place d'un systeme specifique, elle propose lege feranda un systeme de prevention des accidents du travail mettant le salarie au centre du dispositif et instaurant par sa participation "une veritable democratie sociale" au congo, suggere un systeme de reparation integrale des accidents du travail fonde sur une veritable assurance de l'obligation de securite de l'employeur envers ses salaries, aussi sur la notion de createur du risque. Ce systeme devrait fonctionner dans le cadre de la securite sociale, avec une participation de l'etat sur le fondement de sa solidarite aux victimes des accidents du travail, et ce par la creation d'un fonds de participation de l'etatThe introduction discribes the general crises contexte which doonced to stop any progress in all the fields. The first part deals inth the inharitance of the modern organization system concerning the labor accidents or the industrial injuries. It analyses traditional organization system concerning the industrial injuries within the pre colonial congole society. The second part of the text shows that the social law has contributed to modernize the traditional system of prevention and repartion during the colonialism. This heritage has been unriching experience for the colonial social law. Yet it some times emerges to be unsuitable. So, the second part starts up. First a specific system of prevention of labor accident by putting the employer in the middle of the system and instituting "a ,real social democraty in congo". In another hand, a complete restoration system of the labor accident or indutrial injuries that bared on a complosary security insurance of the employer towords his wsorkes. The system works in the frame work of the social security with the participation of the government on the foundation of this soliderity to words the victimes and that creation is found by the participation of the government. The conculution shows a fondamental and genuine question in the case of the social in country with a lot of disruption and the specific system proposed in the only solution, thatby insuring the social justice and the effective prevention in
32
Song, Liang. "The Development of Risk Communication in Emergency River Pollution Accidents in China." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32808.
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Risk communication was inferred in public emergence accident during the outbreak of SARS inthe year of 2004 in China. It provides information, avoids panic, and makes decisions during the crisis. After that risk communication was also considered a useful tool in dealing with public health-bird flu in China. This study of risk communication is focus on the emergency river pollution accidents in China,taking Songhua River pollution accidents as a case study. The purpose of this study is examiningthe performance of each aspects of risk communication in emergency river pollution accidents. It includes information flow, government responsibility, and legislation. After Songhua Riverpollution accident, a series of emergency river pollution accidents break out in China. Review these accidents, some factor blocked risk communication including information transparency, corporation behaviors, implement of law and so on.www.ima.kth.se
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Birol, Askim Sevinc. "Predictor Variables Of Psychological Distress And Perceived Growth Following Motor Vehicle Accidents." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605165/index.pdf.
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This study aimed to examine the predictor variables of psychological distress and perceived growth among the survivors of motor vehicle accidents. Demographic characteristics as pre-accident variables, cognitive appraisals of the accident as accident related factors, coping strategies and social support as post-accident variables were used as predictors of distress and perceived growth. 200 adults (142 males and 58 females, ages between 18 and 65) participated in the study. Data was collected by a questionnaire which consisted of four parts. Three trained interviewers who were undergraduate psychology students, administered the questionaire individually. The first part examined on socio-demographic variables. The second part explored variables related to the accident, such as the status of the survivor as driver or non-driver, existence of injury or death to others in the accident, treatment after the accident, duration of hospitalization. The third part focused on the subject&rsquos accident related appraisals such as perceived level of responsibility, fear, helplessness, danger, thinking of death to oneself or others, sense of control, perceived level of injury severity. The fourth part contained five scales. Psychological distress was assessed by Impact of Event Scale (IES). Coping strategies were assessed by Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ). Stress Related Growth Scale (SRGS) was used to examine perceived growth. Social support was assessed via Social Support Scale and Depression scores of the participants were assessed by Beck Depression Inventory. The results revealed that the present sample was moderately distressed. The current distress level was significantly related to perceived growth. The general distress level was predicted by age, perceived threat and helplessness coping. Considering intrusive symptoms, age, not having social security entitlement, depression, perceived threat and helplessness coping were found to be significant predictors. Considering avoidant symptoms, years of education, depression and fatalistic coping were found to be significant predictors. Not having an insurance policy, perceived threat, optimistic/problem solving coping and fatalistic coping were found to be significant predictors of percieved growth following motor vehicle accident. The findings are discussed within psychological distress and perceived growth. Limitations of the study, directions for future research and clinical implications are proposed.
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Pond, Richard Shepherd. "Sharing Social Pain: Social Comparison and Affiliation After Social Exclusion." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626572.
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Hasselberg, Marie. "The social patterning of road traffic injuries during childhood and youth : national longitudinal register-based studies /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-902-1/.
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Cheung, Hiu-yee Alice. "Contribution of risk-taking behaviors to falls for Chinese elderly /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36434115.
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Freiman, Christopher Alexander. "Social Justice and Moral Psychology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195823.
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Emerging work in moral psychology challenges our confidence in our moral judgment. Our moral intuitions have been attributed to automatic, emotionally laden processes and are alleged to be accordingly deficient. Intuitive moral judgments apparently neglect some of the most basic concerns of moral decision-making; for example, they purportedly disregard relevant information, fail to balance competing considerations, and ignore social costs and benefits. Some moral psychologists propose an evolutionary explanation, suggesting that our moral sensibilities track matters of adaptive, rather than moral, significance.These findings are disconcerting and might naturally be taken to unsettle our philosophical practice. An empirically-informed moral psychology seems to discredit moral common sense as well as prevailing accounts of method and justification in moral and political philosophy. In turn, it threatens to undermine substantive conceptions of matters such as virtue, rights, and distributive justice.I argue that contemporary moral psychology does not, as is often supposed, necessitate radical revisions to our conception of morality. Recent research does oblige us to reevaluate many of our views in moral and political philosophy; however, I argue that it also gives us the opportunity to supply these views with new and stronger support.
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Robertson, Toby Andrew. "The social psychology of contradictions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337682.
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Lajoie, Mark (Mark Donald) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The postmodernization of social psychology." Ottawa, 1993.
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Yeo, Tien Ee Dominic. "The psychology of social media." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609065.
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Sani, Fabio. "The social psychology of schisms." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664751.
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Painter, Desmond William. "The social in social psychology : cognitive, postmodern and discursive alternatives to individualism." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52025.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study evaluates the development of a discursive approach to social psychology in terms of this discipline's most pressing metatheoretical question: what is the relation between the individual and the social in social psychology? This question is illuminated through a discussion of traditional cognitive approaches to social psychology as well as postmodern critiques of the discipline, after which the discursive approach is introduced to address shortcomings in both these perspectives. The discursive approach incorporates a key insight of recent developments in the philosophy of language, namely that language is not primarily referential, but constructive of our experiences and relationship to reality. By taking seriously both the performative or rhetorical and the abstract-systemic characteristics of language, discursive social psychology addresses the traditional issues of individualism and the reduction of the social on two levels: first, as it is revealed in especially traditional cognitive approaches to social psychology; and secondly, as it supports a set of specifically Western cultural values that reproduce cultural and political practices and power imbalances. Discursive social psychology is subsequently presented as a definite advance with regard to providing richer conceptions of social-cognitive processes and the socio-cultural foundations of psychological phenomena. Despite this there are also important limitations that should be taken into account before discursive social psychology is imported to South Africa as a critical alternative: the focus on language goes along with a negation of the materiality and embodied nature of experience. Because experience cannot be pre-reflexively psychological meaningful, discursive social psychology remains to develop a theory of agency that indicates how criticism, resistance and change is possible.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie evalueer die ontwikkeling van 'n diskursiewe benadering tot die sosiale sielkunde in terme van hierdie dissipline se mees knellende metateoretiese vraag: wat is die verhouding tussen die individuele en die sosiale in sosiale sielkunde? Hierdie vraag word aangespreek deur eers te kyk na tradisioneel kognitiewe benaderings tot en postmodernistiese kritiek op die sosiale sielkunde, waarna die diskursiewe benadering bekendgestel word soos dit die tekortkominge in hierdie twee perspektiewe aanspreek. Die diskursiewe benadering inkorporeer 'n sleutel-insig van onlangse ontwikkelinge in die taalfilosofie, naamlik dat taal nie primêr referensieel is nie, maar konstruktief en medebepalend van ons ervaring van en verhouding tot die werklikheid. Deur beide die performatiewe of retoriese en die meer abstrak-sistemiese kenmerke van taal ernstig op te neem, spreek die diskursiewe sosiale sielkunde die tradisionele knelpunte van individualisme en reduksie van die sosiale op twee vlakke aan: eerstens, soos dit onthul word in veral tradisioneel kognitiewe benaderings tot sosiale sielkunde; en tweedens, soos dit 'n stel spesifiek Westers-kulturele waardes onderhou wat bydra tot die reproduksie van kulturele en politieke praktyke en mags-wanbalanse. Diskursiewe sosiale sielkunde word gevolglik aangetoon as 'n definitiewe vooruitgang wat betref die uiteensetting van ryker konsepsies van sosiaal kognitiewe prosesse en die sosiaal-kulturele grondslae van sielkundige fenomene. Ten spyte hiervan is daar egter ook belangrike gebreke wat in ag geneem moet word voordat diskursiewe sosiale sielkunde as kritiese alternatief na Suid-Afrika ingevoer word: die fokus op taal gaan qepaard met 'n negering van die materialiteit en liggaamlikheid van ervaring. Omdat ervaring nie pre-refleksief sielkundige betekenis kan hê nie, bly hierdie ontwikkeling se verstaan van agentskap in gebreke om te verduidelik hoe kritiek, teenstand en verandering moontlik is.
43
Bloom, Dorian L. "Social Comparison Transitivity." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1340036626.
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Demirhan, Emirhan. "The Social Psychology of Social Media Reactions to Terrorism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955045/.
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Columnists and social media users commonly stated that terrorist attacks resonate differently in the world and they speculated on some potential reasons such as familiarity, number of victims, and the difference in expectations of a country to be a stage for a terrorist attack to explain this difference. An academic perspective, more specifically a sociological one, is needed to bring light to this debate. In this study, I aimed to understand the discourse after terrorist attacks and to find out if there is a difference between reactions to terrorist attack based on where they happened. This paper embraces a text mining approach to uncover what topics are discussed after four cases of terrorist attacks and to reveal if there is a discrepancy in reactions towards terrorist attacks based on the country they happened. The study consists of two parts. In the first part, the determinants of the public interest and support and how public interest differentiates between different cases of terror attacks is explored. In the second part, topic sentiment analysis is conducted to reveal the nature of the discourse on terrorism. Using the insights from social identity theory, realistic conflict theory and integrated threat theory, I argued that social group categorization in the context of terrorism takes place in a dichotomous manner as Western and Non-Western. This argument, social self-identities being based on ‘West vs. the Rest' mentality in the context of terrorism, is supported by the statistical evidence and the topic model. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Bowersox, April. "Developmental and Gender Patterns in Social Information Processing: Social Problem-Solving and Social Goals." TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/443.
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The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of development and gender in first- through fifth-grade children's (N = 514) social information processing, as well as the role emotion plays in these patterns. Developmental patterns and goal selection have been relatively understudied in past social information processing literature. Videotaped ambiguous provocations were presented in which provocateur's emotion displays were manipulated (two each of happy, angry, and sad); children imagined being the provocateur's victim. Results revealed age and gender differences in children's goal selection and social problem-solving. Provocateur's emotion displays were also found to Influence goal selection and problem-solving in children, further supporting the role of emotion in social information processing.
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Mansell, Warren. "Cognitive processes in social anxiety and social phobia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389302.
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Stuart, Michael F. "Social perception and social skills in the classroom." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335443.
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White, Christina Noel. "An examination of the social self preservation model and the physiological resonance of social stress." Thesis, Saint Louis University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1541150.
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The social self preservation model posits that threats to the social self result in a unique and coordinated psychobiological response that evolved due to its adaptive benefits. Stressors that threaten the social self elicit feelings of shame and other negative self-conscious emotions, as well as increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. The current study sought to test this model by exposing individuals to an acute stressor, and determining if they exhibit the emotional, physiological, and behavioral components proposed by the self preservation model. In addition, the physiological and emotional reactions of an observing participant were assessed to determine if they too exhibited a physiological and emotional reaction to observing an individual under social stress. Results supported the social self preservation model in that participants undergoing the acute stressor task exhibited significantly greater cortisol response and self-reported personal distress, as compared to observing participants. The social self preservation model was also extended by the current findings in that participant submissive nonverbal behavior, particularly gaze aversion, was related to their physiological response. Observing participants exhibited a significant salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) response, demonstrating the physiological effects of observing an individual experiencing social stress. In addition, observing participants with greater trait empathy levels exhibited significantly greater physiological reactivity as well as self-reported personal distress. These findings suggest that nonverbal behavior may be a mechanism of physiological resonance of stress.
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Madenberg, Steven Michael. "Source and Time of Social Cue Delivery: A Social Comparison Approach to Social Information Processing." W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625369.
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Cook, Jonathan E. "Social stigma and subjective power in naturalistic social interaction /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400960581&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-107). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.