Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social problems'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Social problems.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Social problems.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Iturralde, Andrés, and Elias Levir. "Om synen på ”utanförskap” : Socialsekreterare och nämndpolitiker om arbetslösa unga vuxna med försörjningsproblem." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24175.
Full textAbstract:
During the study's first stage we noticed that the Swedish term ” utanförskap” was constructed for political purposes, the term’s ambiguity what was first raised our interest. Therefore the aims of this study was to examine how social workers at the social welfare office and the labor market related project Framtid Kronoberg as well as politicians within the administration of Arbete & Välfärd (Work & Welfare) relates to utanförskap as a social phenomenon. The study’s second aim was to examine how the aforementioned persons consider utanförskap to be counteracted among young adults. The study has shown that the interviewees have different opinions regarding the meaning of utanförskap. Furthermore the study shows that there is a consensus regarding activation as the solution for utanförskap through either employment or by attending labor market related activities. The study has also shown that the activation requirements made by the politicians of the administration, with the purpose of placing young adults on social welfare in labor market activities consists of continuous controls and sanctions when deviation is noted.
2
Stadler, Sophia. "Child disruptive behaviour problems, problem perception and help-seeking behaviour." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26942.
Full textAbstract:
Disruptive behaviour problems in early childhood are found to be associated with many negative long-term outcomes, such as antisocial behaviour, adolescent delinquency, and substance abuse (Kellam, Werthamer-Larsson & Dolan (1991), as cited in Butler, 2005:1). Even after adolescence this arises, for, as Vogel (2008:16) states the 'frequency of behavioural problems or challenging behaviour among the youth of today often predicts the size of our future prison population'. These findings clearly highlight the importance of early identification of behavioural problems, adequate preventative intervention (Butler, 2005:1) and the necessity for early intervention to prevent their continuity, since behaviour problems are found to worsen without treatment (Loeber, 1982, cited in Butler, 2005:1). The goal of this study is to gain an understanding of disruptive behaviour in primary school learners. To achieve this goal, the objectives of this are to explore the nature of child disruptive behaviour problems; to explore parents and teachers' problem perception of child disruptive behaviour; to explore the problem threshold of parents and teachers toward child disruptive behaviour; and to explore their help-seeking behaviour. The study's aim, therefore, is to better understand and gain more insight in child disruptive behaviour problems before a threshold is reached by parents and teachers and help is sought from social service professionals. The study uses an exploratory qualitative research design to gain insight into child disruptive behaviour problems, problem perceptions and help-seeking behaviour in the Southern Cape Karoo District in the Western Cape. Child disruptive behaviour patterns were analysed along a three-point continuum (from less severe - 'preventative'; to moderate - 'early intervention'; and most severe - 'statutory') based, on problem perceptions of parents, teachers and social service professionals. In addition, the present study examines parents and teachers' problem thresholds to identify help-seeking behaviour and sources. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants according to appropriation and availability. Parents and teachers were contacted to participate voluntarily in the research from schools in the area - Acacia Primary School, Baartmansfontein Primary School, Buffelsriver Private Primary School and Matjiesfontein Primary School. The social service professionals who participated consisted of social workers, social auxiliary workers and police officials from the Department of Social Development, Child Welfare SA and the South African Police Service. The study consisted of a broad range of child ages and parental ages. Parent participants also included biological and foster parents. Data was gathered by means of a semi-structured interview schedule administered during 24 individual interviews. The schedule is based on information obtained from the literature review relevant to the models and theories selected. Previous research done by Jessica Hankinson in 2009 in America on child psychopathology, parental problem perception, and help-seeking behaviours was used as a reference for creating the data collection tool, since she also focused on child behavioural problems and used similar models in the theories. This tool was created in such a way as to be relevant to the South African context. The findings confirmed the serious nature of child disruptive behaviour amongst primary school learners, including abusive behaviour, assault, bullying, fighting, swearing, theft, criminal involvement, substance abuse, truancy and school dropouts. The participants were found to be able to perceive their child's problem behaviour and to perceive themselves to be competent parents in dealing with disruptive behaviour. Child disruptive behaviour was found to have a significant effect on classroom learning. Despite legislation banning this, the participants still resort to punitive corrective measures. Stigma related to professional services and the privacy of the family are found to be very relevant in help-seeking efforts. This lead to the conclusion that child disruptive behaviour may become a normal and acceptable phenomenon, and thus leads to late reporting - and social services being contacted only as a last resort. The most important recommendation resulting from the study indicates that there is a need for prevention and early intervention services for child disruptive behaviour. This should address the escalation of the behaviour that later results in the need for statutory services. The study further indicates that various sectors (social workers, teachers, community structures and the departments) need to collaborate and form partnerships in order to enhance the early reporting of children in need and the accessibility and availability of services rendered in rural areas. This could enhance the early identification, reporting and service delivery in order to find problem resolutions.
3
Herpich, Francine. "A perspectiva social dos moradores atingidos pela implantação da Hidrelétrica Baixo Iguaçu." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1129.
Full textAbstract:
CAPESEsta pesquisa buscou compreender a perspectiva social dos moradores atingidos pela Hidrelétrica Baixo Iguaçu, com base em teorias de Young (2000; 2006) e Hannigan (1995). O estudo de campo foi realizado com moradores atingidos dos municípios paranaenses de Capitão Leônidas Marques, Capanema, Nova Prata do Iguaçu, Realeza e Planalto. O objetivo foi averiguar a perspectiva social construída pelos moradores atingidos daquele local, em um período limitado para esta pesquisa, devido ao processo de implantação da hidrelétrica ainda estar em andamento. A metodologia utilizada foi: revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas semiestruturadas com os moradores e com as lideranças e análise de conteúdo. No segundo segmento, apresentou-se a contextualização do cenário - as teorias utilizadas e a revisão de literatura sobre a implantação de uma hidrelétrica, as teorias do desenvolvimento que situam este cenário, os conflitos gerados pelos diferentes usos da terra e o licenciamento ambiental. No terceiro segmento, o estudo foi centrado no ator da pesquisa: o morador atingido. Quem são esses moradores e quais são os movimentos sociais e as lutas de resistência. No quarto segmento, os dados foram apresentados, com temas como a indenização; as incertezas; as perdas dos moradores atingidos; as relações comunitárias e a participação no processo. Por fim, pode-se concluir que a perspectiva social dos atingidos pela implantação da hidrelétrica Baixo Iguaçu é construída a partir de sentimentos de ansiedade e insegurança, em que percebem desvantagens no processo, como prejuízos econômicos, psicológicos e sociais, principalmente, oriundos do tempo de espera para a resolução dos conflitos e da conclusão do processo de implantação da hidrelétrica.
This research sought to understand the social perspective of residents affected by the Baixo Iguaçu Hydroelectric based on theories of Young (2000; 2006) and Hannigan (1995). The field study was conducted with affected residents of the municipalities of Paraná Capitão Leonidas Marques, Capanema, Nova Prata do Iguaçu, Realeza and Planalto. The objective was to evaluate the social perspective built by affected residents of that place, in a cropped period for this research due to the deployment of the hydroelectric process being that the conflict is still ongoing. A methodology used literature review, semi-structured interviews with residents and leaders and content analysis. In the second segment, presented the context of the scenario - the theories used and the literature review on the implementation of a hydroelectric, development theories that situate this scenario, conflicts generated by different land uses and environmental licensing. In the third segment, the study was focused on the actor's research, the resident hit. Who are these residents, what are the social movements and resistance struggles. In part four, the data were presented with issues like compensation; uncertainties; losses of affected residents; community relations and participation in the process. Finally, we can conclude that the social perspective of those affected by the implementation of hydroelectric Baixo Iguaçu is constructed from feelings of anxiety and insecurity, they realizes disadvantages in the process, such as economic, psychological and social damage, mainly coming from the waiting time for the resolution of conflicts and completion of the process of implementation of hydroelectric.
4
Rawal, Sonal. "Application of statistical physics to social problems." Thesis, Brunel University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422411.
Full text
5
Lear, Jonathan. "Intersex : Problems of theory become problems in practice." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9061.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the medical treatment of intersex infants: children born with ambiguous genitalia, chromosomes, or hormones. The central thesis is that unnecessary surgery, defined as surgery that is not necessary to preserve the life or physical health of the infant, is unethical when performed on infants and should be postponed until the patient is able to participate in, and contribute to, the decision. Three lines of argument are presented: One based on the lack of clinical evidence supporting unnecessary surgery; one based on how unnecessary surgery limits the child’s future choices; and one based on how problematic notions of gender have resulted in problems in practice. Together and separately, the three arguments lead to the conclusion that performing unnecessary surgery on intersex infants is unethical, and wherever possible surgery should be delayed until the patient can participate in the decision.
6
Jaskilka, Michael Carl. "How to preach on controversial social issues." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
7
Needs, A. P. C. "The subjective context of social difficulty." Thesis, University of York, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233294.
Full text
8
Carlsson, Kim, and Maria Engström. "Socialarbetares syn på datorspelande ungdomar : En intervjustudie om socialarbetares problematisering av ett nytt fenomen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, SA, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-23906.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of our study is to describe and understand whether, and if so, how social workers in school and in social services construct computer gaming adolescents as a social problem. We chose social workers who encounter adolescents with different problems. We have conducted qualitative interviews with vignettes to capture the social workers' reasoning about computer gaming adolescents and how they handle this in their work. The study shows that all social workers we interviewed had encountered adolescents with troubling computer gaming habits. In the study, all agree that computer gaming becomes a problem when it leads to deviant behaviour such as not going to school, staying up all night and so on. Social workers have adapted their work with computer gaming adolescents after their workplace policies, resources and make efforts to make it manageable to work with. One example of how they make it manageable is that they look at the problem in a context and focus on other factors than the excessive computer gaming such as poor family relationships. In the process of being established as a social problem computer gaming addiction is weak.
9
Manson, Ian McKay. "Fighting the good fight, salvation, social reform, and service in the United Church of Canada's Board of Evangelism and Social Service, 1925-1945." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0001/NQ42816.pdf.
Full text
10
Abbas, Faheema. "Teacher preparedness in dealing with learners' social problems." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1935.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation (Master of Education( Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008The purpose of the study was to investigate how teachers dealt with learners’ social problems. Another concern of the study was to investigate the extent to which pre-service and in-service teacher-training prepared teachers to deal with learners’ social problems. The research used qualitative methodology. The major advantage of using qualitative research was that it focused on researching teachers in their school setting, to determine how teachers dealt with learners’ social problems. The main instrument used was interviews as it yielded rich in-depth knowledge and allowed me to probe responses and investigate the teachers’ feelings and emotions. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The study population was confined to four public high schools in Cape Town. It was composed of three newly qualified teachers and one experienced teacher. The results reflected that teachers dealt with learners’ social problems by trial and error and there was no evidence of deliberate planning in identifying learners with social problems. The preservice teacher training programmes did not equip teachers with the skills to deal with learners’ social problems. Although teachers received some form of training at schools, the training was not effective in assisting them. The thesis argues that social problems cannot be dealt with solely by the school or the teacher. It is recommended that the Department of Education, the community and the parents, as well as other social service organisations, should jointly create preventive and intervention strategies to assist learners with social problems. Such a holistic approach, the study asserts, could assist schools and teachers to deal with learners’ social problems more effectively. Teachers should receive pre-service training to deal with learners’ social problems, for example, by adding a module such as Sociology of Education. The teachertraining programmes and continuous in-service training programmes should ensure that teachers are exposed to current Departmental policies and documents that can assist them in dealing with learners’ social problems.
11
Горбуньова, Соф'я Олегівна, and Дарина Олександрівна Черненко. "Social interactions in hospitality business: specifics and problems." Thesis, Вищий навчальний заклад Укоопспілки "Полтавський університет економіки і торгівлі", 2021. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10955.
Full textAbstract:
Social interaction – is a form of social connections that is realized
in the exchange of activities, information, experience, abilities, skills,
and in the mutual influence of people.We believe that these skills need to be learnt in higher education
establishment, because during practice we understand more how to
behave in any situation. And also improve the acquired knowledge in
practice.Social interaction – is a form of social connections that is realized in the exchange of activities, information, experience, abilities, skills, and in the mutual influence of people.We believe that these skills need to be learnt in higher education establishment, because during practice we understand more how to behave in any situation. And also improve the acquired knowledge in practice.
12
Горбуньова, Соф'я Олегівна, and Дарина Олександрівна Черненко. "Social interactions in hospitality business: specifics and problems." Thesis, Вищий навчальний заклад Укоопспілки "Полтавський університет економіки і торгівлі", 2021. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10957.
Full textAbstract:
Social interaction – is a form of social connections that is realized in the exchange of activities, information, experience, abilities, skills, and in the mutual influence of people.We believe that these skills need to be learnt in higher education establishment, because during practice we understand more how to behave in any situation. And also improve the acquired knowledge in practice.Social interaction – is a form of social connections that is realized in the exchange of activities, information, experience, abilities, skills, and in the mutual influence of people.We believe that these skills need to be learnt in higher education establishment, because during practice we understand more how to behave in any situation. And also improve the acquired knowledge in practice.
13
Barreiros, Pedro Miguel Cepeda Marques. "Associativismo e práticas culturais como veículo de integração dos imigrantes." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1678.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Serviço Social.As questões da imigração são as questões de um mundo globalizado cujos recursos não se encontram repartidos igualmente. Esta realidade surge-nos hoje posta em evidência pela rapidez com que a informação circula. As tentativas de encarar o fenómeno como algo que se pode descartar trouxeram problemas às sociedades contemporâneas. Hoje, a imigração deve ser vista como módulo de problemas/oportunidades. A dimensão cultural constitui-se muitas vezes como cerne dos conflitos; nela residem também as possibilidades da sua superação. Tanto as associações de imigrantes como as associações musicais, entre outras do terceiro sector, podem desempenhar autêntico Serviço Social ao contribuírem para uma interculturalidade capaz de ultrapassar a retórica política e finalmente chegar à realidade social. Neste trabalho analisaremos a acção das associações de imigrantes e as associações musicais, tentando perceber se as suas práticas de inserção são ou não coerentes, sobretudo no uso de ferramentas como a internet. Os resultados a que se chegou apresentam-se mistos, ainda que não inconclusivos. A análise exploratória sugere no fim quase tantas respostas como caminhos por explorar. The issues of immigration are the issues of a global world in which resources are not equally available. This reality becomes today more apparent, given the speed at which information spreads. Some countries tried to face immigration as a disposable resource, and even as a dispensable problem. Today, immigration has to be seen as a module composed of problems and opportunities. Culture is central to this issue, being the source of a number of social problems but also representing a possibility of finding their solution. Immigrant and musical associations, as well as others NGOs, are given the possibility of enacting as true social services by means of their contribution to an intercultural reality that breaks from political speech and reaches directly the society. This research is an attempt to understand the work of immigrant and music associations and whether their action aiming at integrating is actually coherent when using tools such as Internet. The results, though not inconclusive, are somewhat mixed. The exploratory analysis ends up with almost as many answers as paths for future research. Les questions de l´immigration sont les questions d´un monde globalisé où les ressources ne sont pas réparties également. Cette réalité est chaque fois plus apparente, compte tenu de la vitesse à laquelle l’information circule. Les tentatives en vue de reléguer ce phénomène à la catégorie de question subsidiaire, voire carrément dispensable, se sont révélées génératrices de nouvelles difficultés. Aujourd´hui, l´immigration doit être envisagée comme un binôme problèmes/opportunités. La culture, qui semble être le fond qui alimente les conflits, est également la source des possibilités de solutions. À cet égard, les associations d´immigrants et les associations musicales peuvent jouer un authentique rôle de service social, en contribuant à une interculturalité qui dépasse la rhétorique politique pour toucher directement la réalité sociale. Dans ce travail, nous analyserons les actions des associations d´immigrants et les associations musicales afin de voir si leur pratiques d'insertion sont véritablement cohérentes, surtout lorsqu'elles utilisent des instruments comme internet. Les résultats, même s’ils ne sont pas définitifs, présente un aspect mitigé. L’analyse exploratoire se termine avec presque autant de réponses que de questions pour la recherche future.
14
Oliveira, Maria Cecília Rodrigues de. "O processo de inclusão social na vida de adolescentes em conflito com a lei." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-07052003-114821/.
Full textAbstract:
Os debates no universo conceitual sobre exclusão parecem deixar em segundo plano o foco que ilumina as análises baseadas na injustiça social que propõe pensar a exclusão como processo complexo e multifacetado, do qual a inclusão é parte constitutiva. Diante da ineficiência das propostas no atendimento a adolescentes em conflito com a lei que não tem levado em conta tal complexidade; da visão estigmatizada da sociedade sobre eles; e do número elevado de internações por ano na FEBEM-RP, propôs-se este estudo, com o objetivo de caracterizar a vida cotidiana desses jovens, identificar as percepções, concepções e crenças sobre as experiências vividas e, investigar as propostas de mudanças que possam facilitar o processo de inclusão social de jovens que praticaram delito. Participaram deste estudo onze adolescentes, do sexo masculino, com idades entre 15 e 18 anos, internos na FEBEM-RP, e seis funcionários da instituição. A entrevista individual com roteiro semi-estruturado foi o principal instrumento de coleta de dados, sendo complementada por notas em diários de campo e transcrições de trabalhos grupais. As falas dos funcionários também foram utilizadas como dados complementares para conferir ênfase ao tema que estava sendo abordado. A análise qualitativa dos dados, com enfoque interpretativista, privilegiou os pontos de vista dos entrevistados, iluminando os momentos-chave de sua existência. As análises dos dados mostraram que as várias facetas que compõem o processo de exclusão na vida desses jovens parecem ser apontadas por eles como as dificuldades encontradas para viverem o dia-a-dia longe das infrações. A vida concreta dos adolescentes entrevistados é percebida por eles pela precariedade, não só econômica, mas também de vínculos, que são calcados na violência, na provisoriedade e na instabilidade, perpassados por aspectos psicossociais como estigmatização e culpabilização. A vivência dessa realidade parece gerar sofrimento, freqüentemente, expresso pela revolta como forma de demonstrar a inconformidade diante das condições de existência e dos tratamentos recebidos. A coexistência desses motivos, dentre outros, acrescidos da humilhação, tanto na família como na escola, e da discriminação e truculência com que referem ser tratados pela polícia parecem favorecer a inclusão no mundo do crime. Outra faceta que faz com que estejam inseridos no mundo de forma injusta e pouco digna, diz respeito à vulnerabilidade frente ao desenvolvimento e exercício da vida sexual e reprodutiva, além de se perceberem mais vulneráveis em decorrência das rígidas regras de convivência estabelecidas entre seus pares, que tornam iminente o risco de morte. Referem ser coagidos pela polícia para assumirem delitos que não praticaram, o que parece colaborar para que sejam internos repetidas vezes, perpetuando a idéia de um caminho sem volta. Referem que a FEBEM-RP é um local marcado pela diferença de tratamento que privilegia uns e banaliza o sofrimento de outros. Na vida dos jovens entrevistados, a dialética da exclusão/inclusão também se manifesta pela confirmação, negação ou construção da identidade, que no caso deles, parecem forjadas de maneira a manter as estratégias de regulação de poder, sendo reconhecidos, predominantemente, por seus delitos. Expressam o desejo de parar de infracionar e realizam propostas que incluem a profissionalização, a retomada dos estudos, a aplicação da medida de semiliberdade, dentre outros. Para isso, referem a necessidade de apoio profissional e familiar, dentro e fora da FEBEM-RP, sem os quais a inclusão poderá recair na armadilha de uma inclusão ilusória que discrimina, humilha e gera sofrimento. Para eles, a concretização das propostas pode significar o rompimento de um fatalismo cruel e contribuir para uma inclusão mais digna e justa.The debates in the conceptual area about exclusion seem to omit the focus that elucidates the social injustice-based analysis that has in view the concept of exclusion as being a complex and multi-faceted process, of which inclusion is an essential part. Facing the inefficiency of the proposals in attending adolescents that come into conflict with the law for not taking into consideration such complexity; also facing the social stigmatized view of these same adolescents; and the increased number of new boarders that FEBEM, in Ribeirão Preto, receives each year, this study has been presented, aiming to point out these youngsters´ daily life, identify the insights, conceptions and beliefs of the lived experiences, and investigate the changeover proposals that might favour the social inclusion of these youngsters that have committed some kind of trespass. Eleven male adolescents took part in this study, ranging from 15 to 18 years old, boarders at FEBEM, in Ribeirão Preto, and six employees that work for the institution. The individual interview with a semi-framed script was the major tool to gather data, being completed with fieldwork notes and transcription of group activities. The voices of the employees were also used as supplementary data in order to give emphasis to the topic being approached. The qualitative analysis of data, with an interpretative approach, favoured the point of view of the people interviewed, enlightening the key points of their existence. The analysis of data showed that the multiple facets that form the exclusion process in these youngsters lives seem to be mentioned by them as being the difficulties they come across to live their daily lives away from infractions. The interviewed adolescents´ real life is noticed by them for its precariousness, not only the financial one, but also the precariousness of bonds that are consolidated in violence, transitory feature and inconstancy, due to psychosocial aspects like stigmatization and culpability. Living this reality seems to cause suffering, often expressed by revolt as a way of demonstrating non-conformism before existence conditions and treatment toward them. The co-existence of these reasons, among other ones, added by humiliation, both at home and at school, and discrimination and cruelty they affirm to receive from the police seem to favour their inclusion in the criminal world. Another facet that causes them to live in the world in such an unfair and unworthy way concerns the vulnerability toward the development and practice of sexual and reproductive life, besides viewing themselves as being more vulnerable due to the rigid co-existence rules fixed among their partners, creating an imminent death risk. They affirm to be constrained by the police to take the blame for trespasses they didn´t commit, which seems to contribute for the act of putting them at the institution several times, perpetuating the concept of a situation with no way back. They affirm that FEBEM-RP is a place that is noticed by the difference in treatment that benefits some people while vulgarizes the suffering of others. In the interviewed youngsters` lives, the logic of exclusion/inclusion is also revealed by the confirmation, denial or construction of their identity, that in their case, seem to be engendered in order to support the strategies of authority regulation, being distinguished, predominantly, for their trespasses. They show an urge to quit trespassing and execute proposals that include professionalizing programs, going back to school, the application of a method of semi-freedom, among others. For this reason, they affirm to need professional and familiar support, inside and outside FEBEM-RP, without which their inclusion may fall back in the trap of an illusory inclusion that discriminates, humiliates and causes suffering. For these youngsters, the materialization of these proposals may mean the disruption of a cruel fate and contribute to a more worthy and fair inclusion.
15
Kirst, Maritt. "The social construction of 'bad girls' as a social problem: A comparison of the claims-making activity of social problems experts and print journalists." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/MQ36708.pdf.
Full text
16
Riek, Christine Leviczky. "The problems with social cost-benefit analysis : economics, ethics and politics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26112.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the problems with social cost-benefit analysis in three areas -- economics, ethics and politics -- and suggests how these problems might be addressed in government project review processes. Problems in economics are empirical, methodological or theoretical dilemmas that make a social cost-benefit analysis difficult to prepare and interpret. Problems in ethics stem from the value judgments implicit in a social cost-benefit analysis that may be in conflict with the ethical beliefs of some individuals in society. Problems in politics stem from the various powers of individuals in a political process and challenge the relevancy of analysis.
A literature survey, primarily of welfare economics but also of environmental ethics and political theory, is used to determine the various problems with social cost-benefit analysis, while a case study is used to illustrate how these problems are reflected in practice. Similarly, ideas for improvement are drawn from the literature of environmental impact assessment and these ideas are illustrated by applying them to the case study. The problems are discussed according to the stage of analysis at which they occur: problem definition, specification of objectives, selection of alternatives, prediction of consequences, and evaluation of alternatives. The case study is of the social cost-benefit analysis of B.C. Hydro's proposed Site C hydroelectric development and the associated project review process of the B.C. Utilities Commission Act.
Empirical problems in economics range from: defining "wicked problems"; measuring interpersonal utility; defining and measuring consequences; obtaining adequate data; and evaluating or recognizing intangibles. Methodological problems in economics include: predicting consequences; elements of bias in evaluation techniques; the neglect of non-users in evaluation techniques for non-market resources; option values for environmental resources; and evaluating irreversible project consequences. Theoretical problems in economics stem from: narrow problem definitions and incomplete specification of alternatives which hinder achievement of optimal decisions; the theory of "second best"; the Scitovsky reversal paradox; the need for actual compensation to take place under certain situations; the use of willingness-to-pay or willingness-to-be-compensated measures of consumer surplus; the selection of a discount rate; and the effect of risk and uncertainty on evaluation.
Ethical problems in social cost-benefit analysis arise from: the existence of multiple and conflicting problem definitions and sets of alternatives; Arrow's Impossibility Theorem which precludes the specification of a social welfare function; value judgments made implicitly in the methods of inquiry in both economics and the science needed for impact prediction; the existence of non-utilitarian frameworks that conflict with the utilitarian emphasis of social cost-benefit analysis; the reductionist nature of valuing environmental resources; the judgments made about individual rights in the selection of willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-be-compensated measures; and the judgments made about future generations in the selection of a discount rate.
Political problems in social cost-benefit analysis are evident in: the hidden agendas and political goals of politicians, bureaucrats and interest groups; incentives to bias problem definition and alternative selection in order to justify a politically but not necessarily economically justified project; incentives to restrict the boundaries of analysis to provincial boundaries; and incentives to overstate benefits, understate costs and neglect qualitative project effects.
Some of the economic, ethical and political problems can be resolved by changing the way that government project review processes operate. Three broad changes are recommended: a two-tier review process which clearly separates evaluation from the preceding stages of analysis; an increased use of public and interdepartmental review in the early stages of analysis; and a flexible and experimental approach to evaluation.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
17
Hemmingson, Karen. "Understanding claims-making activities about social problems : the case of homelessness." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30677.
Full textAbstract:
UNDERSTANDING CLAIMS-MAKING ACTIVITIES ABOUT SOCIAL PROBLEMS: THE CASE OF HOMELESSNESS IN CANADA.
Liberal Democracy proposes to combine the best of all worlds; individual freedom, economic growth, equal opportunity to achieve wealth, health and happiness. In Canada, we have experienced this liberal democracy for many decades and have witnessed the growth of the modern welfare state. Increases in prosperity and growth have been tremendous, yet we are still faced with the stark reality of poverty and the huge discrepancy between rich and poor. Nowhere is this more clearly illustrated than in the housing sector. Homelessness, the ultimate housing inequality, has not been eradicated. Instead, it continues to be a pervasive and growing phenomenon. This leads to the conclusion that Canada's welfare state has not contributed successfully to eliminating and preventing homelessness.
This research examines the way society deals with social problems and their emergence. The focus is on the emergence of homelessness as a social problem. It illustrates that conventional approaches to the analysis of social problems limit actions and solutions society undertakes to resolve them. A new framework for analysis is proposed; a process oriented analysis of claims-making activities as a way of understanding social problems.
This thesis documents the process of recognition of homelessness as a public policy issue in Canada. It examines the role of 'process' in the development of public policy issues because the way a society views, defines and re-defines a social problem often determines the policy response. One of the key components of understanding the public policy response to
homelessness lies within the process of public recognition of homelessness as a social problem. This research contends that the way in which a problem is identified and comes to be defined and the actors involved affects the types of solutions implemented. Indeed, it is this concept of process which is crucial in the emergence, life or death of a social problem as a public issue.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
18
Chung, Kwang Duk. "Christian social reform in view of Reinhold Niebuhr's social ethics." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
19
Black, Laura. "This isn't one to be told in the third person, social activism in the poetry and prose writing of Bronwen Wallace." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ48563.pdf.
Full text
20
Lee, Ching-man, and 李靜雯. "A study on social enterprise in Hong Kong: a solution for social problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46781122.
Full text
21
Parham, Antoinette D. "Drought: Construction of a Social Problem." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955027/.
Full textAbstract:
Drought is a complex subject that has varied definitions and perspectives. Although drought has historically been characterized as an environmental problem from both the meteorological and agricultural communities, it is not considered a sociological disaster despite its severe societal impacts. Utilizing the framework developed by Spector and Kitsuse (2011) and Stallings (1995), this research examines the process through which drought is defined as a social problem. An analysis of the data revealed drought was well covered
in Africa, India, China, Australia, and New Zealand, yet very little coverage
focused on the United States. There were less than 10 articles discussing
drought and drought impacts in the United States. The workshops/meetings examined also were lacking in the attention to drought, although their overall theme was focused on hazards and resilience. Six sessions in over 16 years of
meetings/workshops focused on the topic of drought, and one session was focused on the condition in Canada. The interviews uncovered five thematic areas demonstrating drought understanding and awareness: Use of outreach to get the message out; agricultures familiarity with drought; the role of drought in media; the variability of what drought is; and water conservation. Drought's claims-makers who are dedicated to providing outreach and education to impacted communities. Drought is often overlooked due to its slow onset and evolving development makes it difficult to determine when to engage in recovery efforts. Drought defined as a social problem also expands theoretical conversations regarding what events or issues should be included within the sociological disaster list of topics.
22
Caetano, Alice Amâncio. "Inovação social e o papel do estado : lições a partir do programa Portugal Inovação Social." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14773.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalA fim de compreender como a estrutura institucional pública influencia o desenvolvimento de respostas inovadoras aos problemas sociais em Portugal, a presente dissertação de mestrado faz um estudo sobre o programa Portugal Inovação Social, primeiro programa de um Estado-Membro da União Europeia a financiar e capacitar iniciativas de IS com recursos dos Fundos Estruturais Europeus. Além de uma análise crítica sobre a Inovação Social, esta dissertação apresenta um panorama da Inovação Social em Portugal, o caso do Portugal Inovação Social - sua criação e lançamento - e, finalmente, considerações sobre os desafios e oportunidades do programa.
In order to understand how public policy and institutional framework can influence the development of inovative answers to social problems, the following thesis presentes an analysis of the program Portugal Inovação Social, the first program of an European Union Member-State to support, and finance Social Innovation initiatives with European Structural Funds. In addition to a critical analisis of the term Social Innovation, this thesis features an overview of Social Innovation in Portugal, the case of Portugal Inovação Social - its creation and launch - and finally considerations about the challenges and opportunities of such program.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
23
Law, S. L. "Financial optimization problems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426391.
Full textAbstract:
The major objective of this thesis is to study optimization problems in finance. Most of the effort is directed towards studying the impact of transaction costs in those problems. In addition, we study dynamic meanvariance asset allocation problems. Stochastic HJB equations, Pontryagin Maximum Principle and perturbation analysis are the major mathematical techniques used. In Chapter 1, we introduce the background literature. Following that, we use the Pontryagin Maximum Principle to tackle the problem of dynamic mean-variance asset allocation and rediscover the doubling strategy. In Chapter 2, we present one of the major results of this thesis. In this chapter, we study a financial optimization problem based on a market model without transaction costs first. Then we study the equivalent problem based on a market model with transaction costs. We find that there is a relationship between these two solutions. Using this relationship, we can obtain the solution of one when we have the solution of another. In Chapter 3, we generalize the results of chapter 2. In Chapter 4, we use Pontryagin Maximum Principle to study the problem limit of the no-transaction region when transaction costs tend to 0. We find that the limit is the no-transaction cost solution.
24
Keefler, Joan. "Recording Psychosocial Assessments in Social Work: problems and solutions." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92922.
Full textAbstract:
Social workers experience theoretical and practical problems with recording. This study examined the problems in the recording of initial psychosocial assessments, and evaluated a teaching procedure designed to improve recording. First, the content of 180 initial recordings from three hospitals and a community agency was compared to existing professional guidelines. Findings indicated that professional guidelines were not enough to ensure that the recommended content is recorded; the recording form, rather than the guidelines or literature, predicted the content recorded by workers; and a professional opinion was included in fewer than half the recordings. Second, a generic model, defining the essential elements for an initial recording, was developed from social work literature and taught to 37 BSW students during a university course in casework. Using a quasi-experimental design, assessments written by these students (before and after teaching) were compared to assessments written by students in matched BSW classes who had been taught only in field placements.La rédaction de l'évaluation psychosociale pose des difficultés théoriques et pratiques aux travailleurs sociaux. La présente étude examine les lacunes des rapports d'évaluation psychosociale initiale et évalue une méthode d'enseignement destinée a les améliorer.. En premier lieu, on a compare le contenu de 180 rapports initiaux provenant de trois hôpitaux et d'un organisme communautaire avec les lignes directrices en vigueur dans la profession, pour constater que celles-ci ne suffisaient pas a assurer la rédaction du contenu recommande. Le formulaire de rapport, plutôt que les normes ou la littérature spécialisée, déterminait le contenu consigne et moins de la moitie des rapports comportaient une opinion professionnelle. En second lieu, on s'est inspire de la littérature spécialisée pour élaborer un modèle générique définissant les éléments essentiels d'un rapport initial, modèle qu'on a enseigne a 37 étudiants dans le cadre d'un cours universitaire en service social individuel. Suivant un protocole quasi expérimental, on a ensuite compare les évaluations rédigées par ces étudiants (avant et âpres la formation) avec les évaluations rédigées par des pairs formes uniquement en stage pratique. fr
The assessments were of two videotaped interviews. During a one-day workshop, the generic model was also taught to 22 experienced social workers, who assessed the same two videotapes. Two evaluation videos were used to control for a possible learning effect; four senior practitioners, with a wide range of experience, blind to time and group, rated which of a pair of recordings was better and by how much; a fifth senior practitioner judged the quality of the professional opinions. Judges were interviewed about their judging experience; a qualitative analysis of their responses revealed that they had no clear criteria in common for assessment quality. All four judges rated assessments written by the students who had been taught the generic model as significantly better than those written by students taught only by field supervisors. After teaching, the students also included more professional opinions in their recording. The quality of professional opinions in all assessments was related to years of experience. The generic model, defining the content of an initial recording, can be used to design forms, teach recording and establish criteria for quality—critical steps in the improvement of recording practice in social work.
Les évaluations portaient sur deux entrevues vidéo. On a également enseigne le modèle générique a 22 travailleurs sociaux d'expérience durant un atelier d'une journée et on leur a demande d'évaluer les mêmes entrevues vidéo. On a utilise deux vidéos d'évaluation pour contrôler l'effet d'apprentissage éventuel. Pour déterminer lesquelles des évaluations préformation ou postformation étaient supérieures et dans quelle mesure, on a demande a quatre professionnels chevronnes d'évaluer 1'ensemble a l'aveugle. Un autre devait juger de la qualité des opinions professionnelles. On a interroge les juges sur l'exercice; l'analyse qualitative de leurs réponses a révèle qu'ils ne partageaient aucun critère de qualité défini en matière d'évaluation. Les quatre juges ont estime que les évaluations rédigées par les étudiants auxquels on avait enseigne le modèle générique étaient considérablement supérieures a celles de leurs pairs formes uniquement en stage pratique. De plus, âpres la formation, elles comportaient un plus grand nombre d'opinions professionnelles. La qualité de ces opinions dans toutes les évaluations était liée aux années d'expérience. Le modèle générique définissant le contenu d'un rapport d'évaluation psychosociale initiale pourra servir a élaborer des formulaires, ...
25
Rennell, Beverley. "The social dimension of chronic pain : problems of measurement." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264707.
Full text
26
Singh, Gurmeet Mohinder Pal. "Social cognitions in children with emotional and behavioural problems." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019078/.
Full textAbstract:
The existence of emotional and behavioural problems in young children has been extensively documented. Such problems have a substantial impact on children themselves, their families, their schools, and society more generally. A basic tenet of social cognitive psychology is that the way people think in their daily lives about themselves and their social world is linked with the way they behave. Based on this assumption, the main aim of this thesis was to explore whether and how children who show emotional and behavioural problems in the first year of primary school, differ from their nonproblem peers in the way they think about themselves and their relationships with their mothers, teachers and peers. Three studies were carried out. The first two dealt with the development of a standardised procedure for identifying emotional and behavioural problems in children in the first year of primary school. The third study endeavoured to explore social cognitions of the selected children. In the first study, 61 reception class teachers in London (England) evaluated three existing behaviour rating scales by providing assessments for children in their classes. One of these scales was further evaluated for use In India, In a normative study of 488 children. Using this measure, 210 children attending the first year In 26 primary schools were selected. Of these, 115 formed the target group- showing emotional and behavioural problems and the rest were their comparison children- free from reported problems but matched on gender within the same class. The children's social cognitions were examined in individual interviews. The measures used included the Harter Scale, Cassidy's Incomplete Stories With Doll Families and the Puppet Interview. The children in the target group scored significantly lower than the comparison group on all the measures except the Puppet Interview, depicting a less positive view of themselves and their relationships with their mothers, teachers and peers. Follow up analyses indicated that the differences in the two groups were largely due to those children who showed internalising or multiple problems. Children showing predominantly externalising problems did not differ significantly from their comparisons. The findings add to the literature by showing that a meaningful link exists.
27
Eriksson, Maria. "Folkbibliotekariens yrkesroll i mötet med sociala problem : en kvalitativ intervjustudie av folkbibliotekariers vardag i mötet med sociala problem." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-8721.
Full textAbstract:
Folkbiblioteken är ett av de få rum idag som är öppna för alla och som inte kräver inträde eller medlemskap. Många söker sig dit för att ta del av bibliotekets serviceutbud, men många söker sig också dit för att de inte har någon annanstans att gå och biblioteket tillhandahåller tak över huvudet, rinnande vatten, toaletter och personal som kan hjälpa till på olika sätt. Många gånger står bibliotekarien inför svåra sociala problem och situationer uppstår som de måste hantera oavsett om det ingår i deras yrkesroll eller är något de är utbildade för. Folkbiblioteken har sen begynnelsen tagit ett socialt ansvar och gör det än idag men det har aldrig varit riktigt uttalat eller tydligt hur detta ansvar ska se ut och var gränsen för bibliotekarierollen går. Studiens syfte är att titta närmare på hur folkbibliotekarier i Sverige upplever och hanterar sin yrkesroll och sitt uppdrag i relation till de sociala problem de möter i sin vardag. Genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med folkbibliotekarier i Stockholms län har jag försökt skapa en bild av bibliotekariens kompetens och synsätt. Jag har använt Ervin Goffmans begrepp om intrycksstyrning som en lins att betrakta den sociala interaktionen och jag använder mig av ett praktiskt kunskapsteoretiskt perspektiv som svarar på frågor om varför vi gör som vi gör och ofta har sin utgångspunkt i ett dilemma. Jag har sedan analyserat intervjumaterialet med hjälp av Cusanus begrepp ratio, intellectus och ickevetande. Bibliotekets förändrade roll blir i förlängningen ett problem för bibliotekarierna som inte upplever att de är rustade för att möta den svåra problematik de har framför sig. Att respondenternas har så olika strategier för att lösa detta dilemma talar för att det blir upp till individen att lösa det. Eftersom det inte finns några tydliga ramar eller riktlinjer för hur de ska gå till väga har de ingen annanstans att vända sig en till sitt eget förnuft och subjektiva erfarenhet. Flera respondenter beskriver hur försök till samverkan med andra aktörer inte alltid fungerar och att det är otydligt hur denna samverkan ska se ut och även inom den egna arbetsgruppen råder skilda meningar om hur bibliotekarierna ska gå till väga. Det finns också exempel på hur samverkan kan bidra till lyckad problemlösning som gagnar både bibliotekarierna och besökarna. Men trots bibliotekariernas uttryckta osäkerhet är det tydligt att det finns en stor kompetens hos personalen vad gäller bemötande av olika människor med olika sociala behov. Detta ser jag som en kompetens att lyfta, en möjlighet och en öppning för hur bibliotek skulle kunna jobba med sociala problem. Men för att detta inte ska bli på bekostnad av bibliotekarierollens särart krävs det en fungerande samverkan med utomstående resurser och personal i verksamheten med kompetens inom socialt arbete som kan stötta, vägleda och arbeta med samverkan.
28
Timoner, Lledó Pere. "Rationing problems: Extensions and Multi-issue analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398016.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis concerns itself with the study of situations in which a group of agents lay separate claims to a scarce resource. These situations are as old as the discipline of economics itself; indeed, a number of ancient documents including the works of Aristotle, the essays of Maimonides and the Babylonian Talmud address this very old problem.
Despite the ancient nature of these texts, these situations were not tackled formally until the early eighties by O'Neill (1982), who provided an extremely simple mathematical model to explain a wide variety of economic problems, including, among others, the assignment of taxes, bankruptcy, the distribution of emergency supplies and cost-sharing of a public good. In general we can refer to these situations as problems of adjudicating conflicting claims or (standard) rationing problems.
The present study seeks to enrich rationing problems from different perspectives:
* In Chapter 2 we introduce an extension of the standard rationing model, in which agents are not only identified by their respective claims to some amount of a scarce resource, but also by some exogenous ex-ante conditions (initial stock of resource or net worth of agents, for instance), other than claims. The essence of this chapter is that those agents who have less (with a worse ex-ante condition) should somehow be given some priority over those who have more (with a better ex-ante condition). Within this framework, we define a generalization of the constrained equal awards rule and provide two different characterizations of this generalized rule. Finally, we use the corresponding dual properties to characterize a generalization of the constrained equal losses rule.
* In Chapter 3 we present a variant of the multi-issue rationing model, where agents stake their claim for several issues. In this variant, the amount of resource available for each issue is constrained to a quantity fixed a priori according to exogenous criteria. The aim is to distribute the amount corresponding to each issue while taking into account the allocation for the remaining issues (issue-allocation interdependence). We name these problems constrained multi-issue allocation situations (CMIA). In order to solve these problems, we first reinterpret some single-issue (standard) egalitarian rationing rules as a minimization program based on the idea of finding a feasible allocation that lies as close as possible to a specific reference point. We extend this family of egalitarian rules to the CMIA framework. Specifically, we extend the constrained equal awards rule, the constrained equal losses rule and the reverse Talmud rule to the multi-issue rationing setting, which are found to be particular cases of a family of rules, namely the extended α-egalitarian family. This family is analysed and characterized by using consistency principles (over agents and over issues) and a property based on the Lorenz-dominance criterion.
* Finally, in Chapter 4 we consider how to solve a rationing problem in which the resource cannot be directly assigned to agents. We propose a two-stage procedure in which the resource is first allocated to groups of agents and then divided among their members. We name these situations decentralized rationing problems. Within this framework, we define extensions of the constrained equal awards, the constrained equal losses and the proportional rules. We show that the first two rules do not preserve certain essential properties and prove the conditions under which both rules do preserve those properties. We characterize the extension of the proportional rule as the only solution that satisfies individual equal treatment of equals. Furthermore, we prove that the proportional rule is the only solution that assigns the same allocation regardless of
whether the resource is distributed directly to agents or in a decentralized manner (with agents grouped). Finally, we analyse a strategic game based on decentralized rationing problems in which agents can move freely across groups to submit their claims.
29
Salinas, Valdés Juan José. "Transformando las representaciones sociales de la participación ciudadana mediante la acción sobre problemas sociales de la comunidad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405936.
Full textAbstract:
Las personas poseen diversas representaciones sociales de la participación ciudadana y ello tiene un gran impacto en la calidad de una democracia. Al respecto, la formación ciudadana posee un importante rol en el fortalecimiento de dicho sistema político, ya que una de sus principales metas es que el alumnado integre a sus ideas una amplia gama de formas de participación social y política.
Diversos estudios previos han venido apuntando a serias deficiencias en el sistema educacional chileno en materia de formación ciudadana, resultando especialmente preocupante la limitada visión de alumnos y docentes respecto a las posibilidades de participación en democracia. En dicho contexto, el Ministerio de Educación de Chile ha establecido desde 2017 una nueva asignatura de ciudadanía para secundaria. Tal medida supone el reto de desarrollar metodologías didácticas en esta área y es por ello que en el presente estudio se propone un módulo educativo para el aprendizaje de la participación.
La presente tesis doctoral recoge los resultados de un estudio realizado en Chile durante 2015, el cual ha constituido, sobre todo, una investigación-acción orientada a transformar las representaciones sociales de la participación ciudadana de un grupo de estudiantes de primer año de secundaria. Para ello, se ha desarrollado el denominado “Módulo de Acción en Problemas Sociales” (MAPS), una propuesta educativa centrada en el diseño y aplicación de proyectos de intervención destinados a mitigar problemáticas sociales reales de la comunidad. El proyecto didáctico ha durado tres meses y en él han participado 74 alumnos y alumnas.
El estudio realizado se sitúa dentro del campo de la investigación educativa y se enmarca en el área de la didáctica de las ciencias sociales. Se ha aplicado una metodología mixta, con predominio de los elementos cualitativos por sobre los cuantitativos, y en las indagaciones se han utilizado diversos instrumentos: cuestionarios, entrevistas y focus groups.
La presente investigación hace uso de múltiples fuentes de información con el objetivo de comprender el origen de las ideas sobre la participación ciudadana de los estudiantes partícipes. Dichas fuentes se han indagado como casos y entre ellas se cuentan: el alumnado; el profesorado de ciencias sociales; el currículum y los textos escolares de dicha asignatura; los padres/apoderados del centro donde se ha desarrollado el MAPS; y un grupo de jóvenes que participaron en el movimiento estudiantil “No Más Lucro en la Educación” de 2011. Así mismo, se ha indagado en los hábitos en el consumo de televisión e internet por parte de los estudiantes y las familias.
Se ha determinado que, a raíz del MAPS, las representaciones de los alumnos sobre la participación ciudadana evolucionaron desde ideas “minimalistas”, es decir, asociadas casi únicamente a la posibilidad de votar o ser votado en elecciones, hacia visiones más amplias o “maximalistas”. Dichas representaciones sociales han sido clasificadas mediante una reformulación de las categorías que McLaughlin y Kerr han utilizado anteriormente para describir las nociones de ciudadanía y los enfoques en educación ciudadana respectivamente.
Los resultados apuntan a que en padres y docentes imperan representaciones limitadas de la participación ciudadana. Así mismo, tanto el sistema educativo como las familias y la televisión promueven una visión “minimalista” de la democracia. En cambio, la participación en movimientos sociales facilitó en los jóvenes entrevistados el desarrollo de ideas “maximalistas” y la emergencia de una identidad ciudadana.
En las conclusiones de esta tesis se sugieren una serie de medidas para la enseñanza de la participación democrática y la correcta implementación de la nueva asignatura de formación ciudadana en Chile.People have different social representations of citizen participation and this has a great impact on the quality of a democracy. In this regard, citizen education plays an important role in strengthening this political system, since one of its main goals is for students to integrate a wide range of forms of social and political participation into their ideas. Several previous studies have pointed to serious deficiencies in the Chilean educational system in terms of citizen education, being of particular concern the limited vision of students and teachers about the possibilities of participation in democracy. In this context, since 2017 the Ministry of Education of Chile has established a new citizenship subject for secondary school. Such measure implies the challenge of developing didactic teaching strategies in this area and that is why in the present study an educational module for the learning of participation is proposed. This doctoral thesis presents the results of a study carried out in Chile during 2015, which has constituted, in particular, an action research oriented to transform the social representations of the citizen participation of a group of first year high school students. For this, an "Action on Social Problems Module" (ASPM) has been developed, an educational proposal focused on the design and implementation of intervention projects aimed to mitigate real social problems in the community. The didactic project lasted three months and involved 74 students. The study is located within the field of educational research and is part of the area of didactics of social sciences. A mixed methodology has been applied, with a predominance of qualitative elements over quantitative ones. In the inquiries, a variety of instruments have been used: questionnaires, interviews and focus groups. This research made use of multiple sources of information in order to understand the origin of ideas about citizen participation in the students involved in this study. These sources have been investigated as cases and among them are: students, social science teachers, the curriculum and the textbooks of this subject, the parents of the school where ASPM has been developed; and a group of young people who participated in the student movement "No More Profit in Education" in 2011. Also, the habits of students and families of television and internet consumption have been investigated. It has been determined that, following ASPM, students' representations of citizen participation evolved from "minimalist" ideas, which are associated almost exclusively with the possibility of voting or being voted in elections, towards broader or "maximalist" visions. These social representations have been classified by a reformulation of the categories that McLaughlin and Kerr have used previously to describe the notions of citizenship and the approaches in citizen education respectively. The results indicated that the majority of parents and teachers have limited representations of citizen participation. Likewise, the educational system as well as families and television promote a "minimalist" vision of democracy. On the other hand, participation in social movements facilitated the development of "maximalist" ideas and the emergence of a citizen identity in young people. The conclusions of this thesis suggest a series of measures for the teaching of democratic participation and ensure the correct implementation of the new citizenship subject in Chile.
30
Ogionwo, Theresa. "Social Problems and the Rise of Terrorism in Nigeria : Implications for International Social Work practice." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21093.
Full textAbstract:
This study attempts to explore the perceptions of victims of terrorism, and staff of NGOs with relevant experience of terrorism, based on the premise that social problems have contributed to the growth of terrorism in Nigeria; which in turn has created more social problems. This study posits that International social work can be used to manage and proffer solutions to these social problems in Nigeria. International social work refers to social work practice that applies international knowledge and practice and is not limited to one country. This study used qualitative methods - seven semi-structured interviews to collect data. The General systems theory served as the theoretical base for the analysis of the data. The findings indicated that social problems could be attributed to the rise in terrorism, and that there was an urgent need for International social workers and their competencies in combating the causes of terrorism and its disastrous effects.
31
MacDonald, Heidi. "The Sisters of St. Martha and Prince Edward Island social institutions, 1916-1982." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ68169.pdf.
Full text
32
Heille, Gregory. "A paradigm for preaching personal and social transformation." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
33
Surtees, Andrew D. R. "Sleep problems in children with developmental disorders." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6958/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis comprises two volumes. The first chapter of Volume One contains a meta-analysis of studies comparing sleep in people with and without intellectual disabilities. The key finding was that people with intellectual disabilities slept for, on average, 23 minutes less each night and experienced poorer sleep quality. Chapter Two details an empirical study of sleep in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and a parent-identified sleep problem. Actigraphy and diary measures found no differences between the children with ASD and a typically developing comparison group. Questionnaires identified numerous sleep problems that were more commonly reported in the children with ASD. Chapter Three is a lay summary of the previous chapters. Volume Two comprises four Case Practice Reports. Chapter One details the formulation of a 58-year-old man with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, from Cognitive-Behavioural (CBT) and Systemic perspectives. Chapter Two is a service evaluation of a group intervention for people with Long Term Conditions. Chapter Three is a Single Case Experimental Design to evaluate the effectiveness of a CBT intervention for sleep and mood problems in a 14-year-old girl. Chapter Four is a case study of a behavioural intervention for challenging behaviour with a 26-year-old man with a severe intellectual disability.
34
Kitala, Fatuma S. "Family policy in Lithuania : Changes and problems." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-392.
Full textAbstract:
This study endeavours to make an analysis of the major issues that Lithuanian families are facing. In doing so, it is the purpose of the research to uncover the changes and problems that have taken place in Lithuanian society since the country gained independence from the Soviet Union. The Lithuanian case will be compared with Tanzania and other eastern and western European countries. This helps to identify and understand problems that Lithuanian society and families with dependent children have been experiencing.
The current situation of families in Lithuania is based on traditional model, where men are breadwinners and women are the ones who take care of the households. However, families are undergoing changes whereby, dual model support is taking over, especially to young generation. The two models are functioning in the country but majority of the population prefer traditional model. It is observed that, due to changes and difficulties in life, people have no other way than accepting dual model support.
Families with children are facing problems which hinder them to develop well in life style. Although the family policy in Lithuania provides family benefits to the families which deserve allowances, still children are in danger of lacking proper care and guidance. Families with dependent children have been experiencing poverty at a high rate that the rest of the population. Families with more than three children are more affected than the ones with fewer children.
The analysis of this study has shown how the issue of unemployment affects the raising of children. Many citizens have lost their jobs due to privatisation although on the other hand, privatization has been proved to increase the economy of the studied countries.
This study has also shown that women in Lithuania are more disadvantaged than men. Even if women labour force participation is quite high in Lithuania, still there are many problems. Namely, women in Lithuania have lower wages compared to men; there also few women in the decision making bodies and the parliament. Both Lithuanian and Tanzanian governments have taken measures to encourage women to participate in political arena and labour market. Good relationships within the families have proved to be crucial in good bringing up of the children. The responsibility of bringing up the children is also extended to the relatives.
All in all provision of family benefits is not the only solution but it has to be associated with education to families and community on how to raise children morally, physically and psychologically so that they become responsible adults.
35
Chenault, Will. "Dispensationalism and social concern an evaluation of dispensationalism, the Sermon on the mount, and social ethics /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
36
Sikorska, Małgorzata, and P. G. Pererva. "Social media marketing: the nature and components." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/31152.
Full textAbstract:
We believe that the solution to this problem lies in constructing models that compile on an abstract level, the nature of real processes management taking into account the characteristics of the business environment. This means that predictive models should focus lag the trends of the past, the rationality of plans for the future and adaptability to the emerging patterns of reality.
37
Bell, Ian Douglas, and ian bell@deakin edu au. "Social control, self-control and psychosocial problems in adolescent males." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20070119.100141.
Full textAbstract:
Psychosocial problems are psychological problems that are regarded as resulting from the interaction between the adaptive capacities of individuals and the demands of their physical and social environments. Many different factors have been theoretically proposed, and empirically established, as predictors of a range of psychosocial problems in adolescents. However, a problem exists in that this literature appears to lack an integrative framework that has validity across the range of problems that are observed.
The purpose of the current research is to propose and test a model that draws together three clusters of factors that are useful in predicting the incidence of adolescent psychosocial problems. These are family structural background factors, family functioning variables and control beliefs. Data were collected from 155 adolescent males aged between 12 and 19 by a single concurrent and retrospective self-report questionnaire. This included data about the respondent (age, involvements with mental health or juvenile justice agencies) and family structural background factors (days per week worked by mother/father, occupational status for mother/father, residential mobility, number of persons in the family home). The questionnaire also incorporated the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979) to quantify the levels of perceived parental care and overprotection, and an adaptation of the Parental Discipline Style Scale (Shaw & Scott, 1991), to assess punitive, love withdrawing and inductive discipline practices. In addition, the (Low) Self-control Scale (Grasmick, Tittle, Bursick & Arneklev, 1993) and the Locus of Control of Behaviour Scale (Craig, Franklin, & Andrews, 1984) were used to collect data concerning adolescents perceived behavioural self-control and locus of control. Finally, selected sub-scales of the Child Behavior Checklist Youth Self-Report (Achenbach, 1991b) were used to collect data on the incidence of social withdrawal, somatisation, anxiety and depression, aggression and delinquency among the respondents, and in aggregated form, the incidence of total problems and internalising and externalising behaviours.
Results indicated family structural background factors, family functioning variables and control beliefs possess limited predicted validity and that the usefulness of the proposed model varies between specific psychosocial problems. Family functioning variables were generally stronger predictors than family structural background factors, particularly for internalising behaviours. Of these, levels of parental care and overprotection were generally the strongest predictors. Perceived self-control and locus of control were also generally strong predictors, but were particularly powerful with respect to externalising behaviours. The strength of predictive relationships was observed to vary between specific internalising and externalising behaviours, suggesting that individual difference variables not assessed in the current research were differentially influential. Finally, the parental and individual characteristics that predicted maximal levels of adjustment (defined in terms of minimal levels of internalising and externalising behaviours) were explored and the correlates of various parenting style typologies (Parker et al., 1979) were investigated. These results strongly confirmed the importance of family functioning and control beliefs with respect to the prediction of internalising, externalising and well-adjusted behaviours. In all analyses, substantial proportions of the variance in the incidence of problem behaviours remain unexplained.
The findings are examined in relation to previous research focused on (familial) social control and (individual) self-control with respect to psychosocial problems in adolescents. In addition, methodological considerations are discussed and the implications of the findings for clinical and community interventions to address problem behaviours, and for further study, are explored.
38
Andersen, Jan D. "Financial Problems as Predictors of Divorce: A Social Exchange Perspective." DigitalCommons@USU, 2000. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2685.
Full textAbstract:
By using a conceptual framework derived from social exchange theory, this study examined the relationship between financial problems and divorce. Nationally representative data from the " Marital Instability Over the Life Course" panel study was used to determine if financial problems reported at one interview could predict those who would divorce by the subsequent interview. A self-replicating design allowed data analyses for three separate time periods: 1980-1983 , 1983- 1988, and 1988-1992.
The sample used in this study consisted of l,620 married men and women under the age of 55. Additionally, the participants were in their first marriages.
Divorce was the only dependent variable. The independent variables inc luded eight financial problems: (a) husband's job interferes with family life, (b) husband 's job satisfaction, (c) wife's job satisfaction, (d) wife's work preference, (e) sat isfaction with spouse as breadwinner, (f) satisfaction with financial situation, (g) spending money
39
Fox, Claire Louise. "Social skills problems and peer victimisation in junior school pupils." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391952.
Full text
40
Morrow, James. "The clinical, social and psychological problems of patients with epilepsy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333780.
Full text
41
Gordon, Ethel Sherry. "New problems in queues--social injustice and server production management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17216.
Full text
42
Lensing, Daniel Paul. "Social Security: an evaluation of current problems and proposed solutions." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18219.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ArtsDepartment of Economics
William F. Blankenau
This paper examines several different issues which could make the various Social Security programs insolvent. I evaluate each cause and how it is related to the problems experienced by each program to determine potential policy changes. I draw the majority of my data and information from peer-reviewed scholarly articles, as well as government agencies such as the Social Security Administration, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Congressional Research Service. Section 1 of the paper explains the history of the Social Security program and the circumstances creating it. Section 2 goes into greater detail explaining different issues which could make the system insolvent. These areas are: earnings inequality, changes in healthcare, increased life expectancy, changes in the dependency ratio, general trust fund issues, disability trust fund issues, political climate, and recessions/reduced earnings. In Section 3, I evaluate two different proposed plans to fix Social Security. The first plan is an academic plan, the Diamond-Orszag Plan; the second is a plan created by a think-tank, The Heritage Plan. Section 4 gives a conclusion of the implications of the paper and explains the benefits and drawbacks of the two evaluated plans. After evaluating all the problems with Social Security and the two proposed plans, I come to the conclusion that neither plan would be ideal by itself. The Diamond-Orszag Plan is the most politically feasible plan, as it doesn’t change the framework of the current program. A combination of the two plans would be most beneficial, as The Heritage Plan has policy specifically targeting the problems with the Medicare system, where the Diamond-Orszag Plan does not. The three different plans for changing the disability system I evaluate in Section 2.5 are specific, targeted plans and could be a nice addition to a plan such as the Diamond-Orszag Plan. In any case, the sooner politicians finally start taking Social Security’s instability seriously, the better. The longer we wait, the more complex and difficult the problem will become.
43
Ries, Adrienne Sandra. "Psycho-social problems identified by adult bone marrow transplant survivors." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23344.
Full textAbstract:
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) offers many patients who are diagnosed with leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma and aplastic anaemia the opportunity of increased survival. Chemotherapy is one of the most common forms of treatment for cancer patients en-route to BMT, which is often a concomitant stressor in the patient's life. Due to the side effects of chemotherapy, patients are often required to remain in a protective isolation unit for several weeks at a time. In most cases, BMT constitutes the final phase of the treatment process. This procedure is not without its risks and may create significant psychosocial stress for patients. Social work intervention in the Department of Haematology at Groote Schuur Hospital has focused primarily on newly diagnosed patients and those patients undergoing transplantation. However, with the increased success of BMT, it is important to address the needs of cancer survivors. An ongoing support group with BMT survivors, provided the opportunity for the researcher to conduct a qualitative exploratory study of how survivors conceptualise and describe their current lives. To this end, fifteen group sessions were tape recorded and the self-identified issues raised by the members were organised into themes. It was ascertained that adjustment post BMT was stressful for most of the survivors. In general, survivors experienced numerous losses in terms of intimate and social relationships, memory and sexual functioning. Anxiety was pervasive and was heightened by an underlying fear of relapse. However, survivors also acknowledged the positive benefits of having been diagnosed with cancer and undergoing a BMT, such as improved family relationships, renewed interest in religion and the changing of attitudes and values. Members utilised numerous coping skills including denial, avoidance, rationalisation, confrontation and problem solving in an attempt to master their situation. The group experience was viewed favourably by members who formed a strong bond as a result of their shared experiences. Some of the survivors were able to use the group to express fears that they felt uncomfortable to express elsewhere. BMT survivors enter a distinct phase of adjustment with the re-entry into their premorbid lifestyles. Preparation is essential if this phase is to mastered. Further research across race and cultural groupings is required in order to ensure that social work intervention is appropriate to all in South Africa.
44
Vardi, Itai. "Normalizing accidents: cars, carnage and the disappearance of social problems." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32067.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityThis dissertation probes critical questions about the relationship between the production of cultural meanings, social power, and material objects. By using the public discourse on traffic accidents in the United States as a historical case study, this study investigates in particular the various ways by which social groups respond to unintended technological consequences and dangers within definitional processes of collectively constructing a social problem. The textual-thematic analysis draws largely upon theories from social problems literature and science & technology studies, as it looks at a number of salient historical claimsmakers, sites of discourse production, and cultural vehicles of meaning making. Specifically, the contributions of the private insurance industry, safety establishment, consumer market, automobile clubs, and printed media are closely dissected to flesh out the contours and content of the accident problem's construction and development through time. In line with a contextual constructivist approach to social problems analysis, the research has observed the emergence, evolution, and eventual waning of the accident issue along several structural anchors that provide possible explanations for some of these dynamics. To a great extent, the traffic accident problem has gradually 'disappeared' in America throughout the twentieth century - a disappearance that is not physical but conceptual. Specifically, it means that the troubling social condition is defined as something to live with, a necessary evil of which there seems to be limited ability or desire to substantially affect or eradicate. The sociological concept I employ to name this particular trajectory towards problem attenuation is normalization. Applied to the case analyzed here, the findings offer a way to understand the processes by which traffic accidents become nom1alized in America as an acquiescent price to pay for the benefits of the automobile. Theoretically, these conclusions have laid the groundwork for producing a hypothetical model of social problems normalization. The model highlights the role played by several cultural devices of claimsmaking in affecting issue attenuation or 'disappearance.' When the problem is constructed through highly technicizing, commensurating, commodifying, and socially controlling modalities of sense making, the likelihood of its normalization and eventual floundering increases.
45
Anderson, Jan D. "Financial Problems as Predictors of Divorce: A Social Exchange Perspective." DigitalCommons@USU, 2000. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2445.
Full textAbstract:
By using a conceptual framework derived from social exchange theory, this study examined the relationship between financial problems and divorce. Nationally representative data from the " Maritallnstability Over the Life Course" panel study was used to determine if financial problems reported at one interview could predict those who would divorce by the subsequent interview. A self-replicating design allowed data analyses for three separate time periods: 1980-1983 , 1983- 1988, and 1988-1992.
The sample used in this study consisted of l ,620 married men and women under the age of 55. Additionally, the participants were in their first marriages.
Divorce was the only dependent variable. The independent variables included eight financial problems: (a) husband's job interferes with family life, (b) husband 's job satisfaction, (c) wife's job satisfaction, (d) wife's work preference, (e) satisfaction with spouse as breadwinner, (f) satisfaction with financial situation, (g) spending money foolishly/unwisely, and (h) financial situation getting better or worse. Additionally, total number of financial problems, age at marriage, gender, income, and presence of children under age 6 were used as independent variables in the analyses. Bivariate correlation and discriminant analysis procedures were used to analyze the data.
The results indicated statistically significant relationships between financial problems and divorce for all independent variables except wife's job satisfaction, gender, and income. However, none of the independent variables (singularly or in combination) explained more than 5% of the variance in divorce;·financial problems were inadequate predictors of divorce.
Although the results of this investigation did not provide substantive support for the popular belief that money problems are a major cause of divorce, this research filled a gap in the divorce literature, posited a clearer definition of financial problems, and provided a more complete conceptual model of the relationships between marital problems and divorce. Finally, the unanswered questions raised by this study indicate the need for continued investigation of the impact that financial issues have on marital relationships.
46
Ko, Shin Il. "Church growth through social service program." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
47
Steele, Karen Coleen. "Social problem solving ability and classroom social functioning in learning disabled adolescents and comparison peers." Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2444.
Full textAbstract:
Research over the past two decades has documented the social difficulties encountered by many students with learning disabilities (LD). Comparison studies have indicated that in contrast to nonhandicapped children, children with LD demonstrate disproportionate degrees of inappropriate behavior. Many behavioral difficulties have been conceptualized as deficiencies in component skills of social problem-solving. The present study investigated social problem-solving processes among sixty mainstreamed LD adolescents and sixty non-LD adolescents in one California school district comprised primarily of students from low socioeconomic households. Social problem-solving was measured by the Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R) while classroom social behavior was determined by teacher ratings of each subject on the School Social Behavior Scales (SSBS). Contrary to prediction, adolescents with LD were no different in level of self-reported social problem-solving behaviors than non-LD peers. No group difference emerged for any of the five subscales of the SPSI-R. Significant differences were found between the groups on the two subscales of the SSBS. LD adolescents scored significantly higher than non-LD peers on measures of antisocial behavior while demonstrating significantly lower levels of social competence. The lack of associations between SPSI-R problem-solving scores and SSBS social behavior scores in the present study indicates that adolescent's problem-solving ability does not seem to help or hinder their overall social functioning to any remarkable degree. Implications for social problem-solving theory are discussed along with an examination of the utility of the SPSI-R for non-clinical populations.
48
Cloutier, Renee. "Modeling Marijuana Use Willingness and Problems as a Function of Social Rejection and Social Anxiety." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505189/.
Full textAbstract:
Marijuana is the second most commonly used substance in the US. A growing literature suggests that socially anxious individuals use marijuana to manage their symptoms in social situations, which may explain why they are also more likely to experience problems. Unfortunately, the majority of the literature is based on research conducted with adult samples or the co-occurrence of diagnoses in adolescent samples. The proposed study sought to test the link between social anxiety (SA) and proxies for ‘real-time' marijuana use behaviors (i.e., use willingness) as well as use-related problems among adolescents. Participants were 69 adolescents (15-17; 55% female) recruited from the community reporting any lifetime marijuana use. Participants were randomly assigned to a novel social rejection or neutral laboratory task and completed measures of SA, marijuana use frequency, and related problems. Consistent with adult findings, main effects of SA and experimental condition on marijuana use willingness were expected to be qualified by an interaction in which the greatest marijuana use willingness would occur among high SA youth post-rejection (H1), SA would be positively related to marijuana use problems (H2), and among adolescents in the rejection condition, marijuana use willingness would be positively correlated with use problems (H3). Only H2 was supported, highlighting areas of convergence and divergence in the role of SA and social stress on marijuana outcomes. These data stand to improve the scientific knowledge on the relative roles of SA and social stress on marijuana use within an understudied, high-risk population and help inform future intervention efforts.
49
Majó, i. Rossell Anna. "Disseny, pedagogia i transformació social: consciència i dissidència en el desenvolupament de dos projectes que problematitzen el disseny d’identitats." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671124.
Full textAbstract:
L’àmbit temàtic d’aquesta tesi es construeix entorn de la capacitat de transformació del disseny. La investigació es desenvolupa basant-se en dos supòsits que parteixen de la consideració d’aquesta capacitat de transformació com un dels trets essencials del disseny i que, per la seva naturalesa singular, es diferencia de les formes de transformació pròpies d’altres camps com el de l’art, el de l’economia o el de la tecnologia. Identificar els trets propis de la naturalesa transformativa del disseny centra, doncs, l’interès vehicular d’aquesta investigació. Per a assolir aquest interès s’exploren les relacions que s’estableixen entre el disseny i la pedagogia, dues àrees de coneixement aparentment allunyades entre elles. L’aproximació a aquestes relacions s’ha dut a terme a partir de la formulació d’un qüestionament essencial que proposa debatre l’existència d’un espai compartit entre el disseny i la pedagogia que pugui ser especialment eficaç per tal d’actuar com a motor en la creació d’accions. Aquestes accions han de treballar per a una transformació que contribueixi a generar formes de vida sostenibles per a tothom. Per a respondre el qüestionament plantejat ha estat imprescindible l’elaboració d’un marc de treball que recull alhora pensament i acció. La part de pensament d’aquest marc de treball ha estat elaborada a partir de les idees d’autors principalment provinents del camp del disseny, de la pedagogia, de la filosofia i de l’antropologia. La part d’acció ha estat duta a terme a partir de la realització de dos projectes col·laboratius.
50
Lindberg, Daniel. "Generation sociala problem. En studie av hur unga vuxna ackumulerar sociala problem." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-48746.
Full textAbstract:
Young people is at the center of many of the rapid changes taking place in contemporary society and has to deal with the uncertainties that follows. One uncertainty is linked to the transition between leaving full time studies and entering employment were unemployment has become a natural step in becoming an adult. Hence the "becoming" has become a longer period of time in young people’s lives. The economic crisis in many European countries in recent years are the cause of many problems young people experience today. In relation to this brief background the thesis examines how social problems i.e. unemployment, deprivation, dependent on social welfare, low education and disability (affecting a person’s ability to work) is accumulated over time. The thesis point of departure is what Merton (1968) described in terms of The Matthew effect according to the Gospel of St. Matthew: For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath. It is the last part of this “effect” that is the center of attention. The research questions are: is there such a thing as the Matthew effect and if so how this process can be understood. Theoretically the study at hand elaborates the accumulation process by drawing on the concept of marginalization and social exclusion. By analyzing changes over time (3 years) in the five social problems described above (unemployment, deprivation etc.) for 64236 young people in the age of 19 to 25 years living in Sweden it is possible to describe patterns of social problem and how and why one specific problem or social problems in combination may lead to the accumulation of problem over time. These results are also combined with data from in-depth interviews whit young people that have accumulated social problem over time. It is argued that the combination of research methods gives a better understanding to the phenomenon at hand. The theoretical contribution relates to a better understanding of the process of accumulation of social problems for young people and to a better understanding of different steps in the accumulation process as well as central fault lines in this process. These findings can be used in practice for pinpointing groups of young adults in need of more as well as less support in handling and overcoming social problem and the transition from school to work.