Journal articles on the topic 'Social policy – Statistical methods'
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1
Sheina, A. Yu, R. R. Bakirova, and S. M. Masich. "Analyzing the tax system as a factor of social policy of the State." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.3.467.
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Subject. We analyze the effect of the tax system on the social policy of the State. Objectives. The study aims to assess the tax system as a factor of government’s social policy. Methods. We employ methods of systems analysis, including qualitative, quantitative, factor analysis, generalization methods, comparison, as well as economic and statistical methods. Statistical reporting of the Federal Tax Service of Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Bashkortostan, and laws and regulations served as empirical and information basis of the study. Results. We considered the classification of tax instruments for implementing the social policy of the tax system, and indicators of social policy efficiency; identified areas for stirring up the social function of taxes. They include the use of personal income tax as a tool of State social policy through the separation of taxpayer income to apply progressive tax rates based on the analysis of statistical data on taxpayers’ size and per capita income behavior. The paper defines the main factors of changes in the modern social policy of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. At the present stage of tax system development, the paper highlights the increased level of social awareness. It is manifested in increased social control over effective functioning of State institutions. This control focuses on the quality of public services, cost effectiveness, and improved living standards.
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Barannyk, Liliia, Olena Dobrovolska, Victoriia Taranenko, Tetyana Koriahinа, and Ludmyla Rybalchenko. "Personal income tax as a tool for implementing state social policy." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 18, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.18(2).2021.23.
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Personal income tax (PIT) is one of the most important taxes in Ukraine due to its economic, social and political role. With its help, one can regulate the investment process, the level of real incomes and maintain stability in society. However, the potential of this tax in Ukraine is not fully used. The purpose of the study is to identify the main problems of PIT and further directions of its implementation as an instrument of social policy. Laffer’s tax theory, on the dependence of economic efficiency of taxation on lower tax rates and the degree of progressiveness of taxes, was taken as a conceptual line of research. Consideration of world trends in the practice of PIT allowed tracing its evolution and choose the methods of its optimization that are acceptable for Ukraine. The use of comparative and statistical analyses, grouping, structural modeling method, index method and systematization of results allowed formulating the author’s version of the income taxation reform in Ukraine. The introduction of a progressive taxation scale should take into account the quality of tax administration, the availability of tax benefits, deductions and loans, the amount of fines, and public perception of the tax system in addition to quantitative results. The proposed family taxation, based on the differentiation of taxpayers by their marital status, actual solvency through the introduction of family rates and the establishment of progressive rates of personal income tax, will fully implement the principle of social justice in the distribution of income.
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Maravelakis, Petros. "The use of statistics in social sciences." Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhass-08-2019-0038.
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Purpose The purpose this paper is to review some of the statistical methods used in the field of social sciences. Design/methodology/approach A review of some of the statistical methodologies used in areas like survey methodology, official statistics, sociology, psychology, political science, criminology, public policy, marketing research, demography, education and economics. Findings Several areas are presented such as parametric modeling, nonparametric modeling and multivariate methods. Focus is also given to time series modeling, analysis of categorical data and sampling issues and other useful techniques for the analysis of data in the social sciences. Indicative references are given for all the above methods along with some insights for the application of these techniques. Originality/value This paper reviews some statistical methods that are used in social sciences and the authors draw the attention of researchers on less popular methods. The purpose is not to give technical details and also not to refer to all the existing techniques or to all the possible areas of statistics. The focus is mainly on the applied aspect of the techniques and the authors give insights about techniques that can be used to answer problems in the abovementioned areas of research.
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Kashin, Konstantin, Gary King, and Samir Soneji. "Explaining Systematic Bias and Nontransparency in U.S. Social Security Administration Forecasts." Political Analysis 23, no. 3 (2015): 336–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpv011.
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The accuracy of U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) demographic and financial forecasts is crucial for the solvency of its Trust Funds, other government programs, industry decision-making, and the evidence base of many scholarly articles. Because SSA makes public insufficient replication information and uses antiquated statistical forecasting methods, no external group has ever been able to produce fully independent forecasts or evaluations of policy proposals to change the system. Yet, no systematic evaluation of SSA forecasts has ever been published by SSA or anyone else—until a companion paper to this one. We show that SSA's forecasting errors were approximately unbiased until about 2000, but then began to grow quickly, with increasingly overconfident uncertainty intervals. Moreover, the errors are largely in the same direction, making the Trust Funds look healthier than they are. We extend and then explain these findings with evidence from a large number of interviews with participants at every level of the forecasting and policy processes. We show that SSA's forecasting procedures meet all the conditions the modern social-psychology and statistical literatures demonstrate make bias likely. When those conditions mixed with potent new political forces trying to change Social Security, SSA's actuaries hunkered down, trying hard to insulate their forecasts from strong political pressures. Unfortunately, this led the actuaries into not incorporating the fact that retirees began living longer lives and drawing benefits longer than predicted. We show that fewer than 10% of their scorings of major policy proposals were statistically different from random noise as estimated from their policy forecasting error. We also show that the solution to this problem involves SSA or Congress implementing in government two of the central projects of political science over the last quarter century: (1) transparency in data and methods and (2) replacing with formal statistical models large numbers of ad hoc qualitative decisions too complex for unaided humans to make optimally.
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Khmelyuk, Alona. "STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF BUYING CAPACITY OF SOCIAL STANDARDS IN UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 28(3) (2018): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.03.116.
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Introduction. The preconditions of formation of a socially oriented economy are considered. It is established that the Constitution of Ukraine guarantees citizens the right to social protection. The Law of Ukraine "On State Social Standards and State Social Guarantees" defines legal principles for the formation and application of state social standards and norms. It is noted that the social policy of the state by legislative acts defines such social guarantees as minimum wages, incomes, pensions, social assistance, size of other types of social benefits, which ensure a standard of living not lower than the subsistence minimum. The apriority analysis of dynamic changes of the amount of social guarantees by type has been carried out. It has found out that the use exceptionally of absolute indicators to estimate the standard of living of the population is inappropriate. It is noted that an increase in the dynamics of consumption and income of the population can testify only to the influence of inflationary processes. The algorithm for calculating the purchasing power of social standards and social guarantees in Ukraine has been worked out on the basis of statistical data concerning social indicators of living standards of the population and indicators of the dynamics of price monitoring for socially meaningful goods. It has been established that social payments provide only one-third of total household expenses, while the state's social policy is not aimed at overcoming the poverty and poverty of the Ukrainian population. Purpose. The article aims to analyse the regulatory framework for regulation and size of social standards and statistical analysis of their level in Ukraine, and develop an algorithm for calculating the purchasing power of social benefits: social assistance at birth and child care, pensions and unemployment benefits. Method (methodology). Method of system analysis, methods of causal analysis, index method, table and graphical methods, dynamic series have been used in this research. Results. Theoretical generalization and practical recommendations development of the optimal size of social standards by calculating the actual costs of a household with one child and the purchasing power index of social standards have become the results of the research.
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Трунцевский, Юрий, Yuriy Truntsevskiy, Маргарет Олливьен, and Margaret Olliv'en. "“PETTY” CORRUPTION IN FRANCE: THE CONCEPT AND THE METHODS OF SOCIAL CONTROL." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 3, no. 4 (August 23, 2017): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_598063fb73c8b4.27339816.
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The article disclosed such issues as identifying the petty corruption at the national level in France in certain socio-economic spheres, the public attitude towards this phenomenon, the analysis of the mechanism and prerequisites to counter.
The author used the methods of empirical research, statistical methods, comparative legal method. The report of Transparency International: “People and corruption: Europe and Central Asia 2016” and the press were used as the basis of the study.
The situation concerning the petty corruption in France is not easy to identify because there are no much information sources. It is impossible to distinguish major from petty corruption (domestic) in France for the simple reason that a petty corruption does not interest the French public, which does not suffer from the systematic immorality of its minor officials. The share of French households experiencing corruption in accessing basic public services is only 2%. The study shows that the three main causes of petty corruption in France are: the absence of any anti-corruption policy and awareness of the importance of issues such as professional ethics, conflict of interest; low wages in certain social spheres, high corporatism, especially in the police. Prevention of corruption is possible through: training of the officials, especially those who are in direct contact with the perpetrators (police, customs and prison officers); study of the process of corruption in the investigation of criminal cases to identify contributing factors. The corruption in France is a serious crime and is punishable by long terms of imprisonment. Its definition is contained in article 435-1 of the Criminal code.
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Stoyanova, D. D., and O. A. Urzha. "The Role of the Leading Party in Solving Social Policy Issues." Contemporary problems of social work 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2020-6-2-88-95.
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the subject of our work is the social policy of the United Russia party. The purpose of the research is to study the role of the leading United Russia party in solving social policy issues in the Russian Federation. The research methods used were institutional and system methods, methods of political and legal analysis, analysis of statistical materials, and study of documents. The result of the work is an analysis of the directions of social policy of the United Russia party and the results of its implementation in certain areas (“United country – accessible environment”, “Strong family”, “Older generation”). The scope of application of the research results extends to the possibility of their use in the development of conceptual documents of the party, the formation of reports on its activities, the creation of an election program for the next elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that until now, the analysis of the social policy of the United Russia party has not been carried out over the past few years. As a result of the research, conclusions were made about the role of the party in the implementation of social programs of the government of the Russian Federation.
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Koziol, Natalie A. "Weighted Multilevel Versus Robust Single-Level Methods for Analyzing Subpopulation Data." Methodology 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000165.
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Abstract. Research, policy, and practice often target specific subpopulations. Large-scale survey studies are particularly useful for performing subpopulation analyses due to the large and representative nature of the samples. However, these studies utilize complex probability sampling designs, which complicate subpopulation analyses. This Monte-Carlo simulation study evaluated the interactive effect of subpopulation analysis method (multiple-group; zero-weight; subset) and cluster estimation method (multilevel modeling; robust single-level modeling) on the performance of fixed effect parameter, standard error, and interval estimators. Results should be used to inform statistical practice with the ultimate goal of achieving more valid inferences in subpopulation research.
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Hepple, Leslie W. "Multiple Regression and Spatial Policy Analysis: George Udny Yule and the Origins of Statistical Social Science." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 19, no. 4 (August 2001): 385–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d291.
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Studies on the history of statistics by MacKenzie and on quantitative geography by Barnes have suggested that the lineaments and assumptions of statistical methods such as correlation and regression are closely related to their origin in biometrics and eugenics. This paper challenges that view by examining in detail the work of George Udny Yule. Yule was a colleague of Karl Pearson in the 1890s, but was interested in social science and social policy applications, not eugenics. In the late 1890s he constructed both the theory and application of multiple regression analysis, using geographical data. The paper examines Yule's work and its context, relating it to debates on the history of statistics, and traces the subsequent early diffusion of regression and correlation into the social sciences. The paper concludes by arguing for greater recognition of Yule's pivotal role, and also for further studies on the history of quantitative social science.
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D'Amico, Daniel. "The counter-revolution of criminological science: a study on the abuse of reasoned punishment." Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 10, no. 1 (August 10, 2017): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23941/ejpe.v10i1.280.
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Trends in the history of social science dedicated to the study of crime and punishment are presented as a case study supporting F.A. Hayek's theory of social change. Designing effective social institutions and public policies first requires an accurate vision of how society operates. An accurate model of society further requires scientific methods uniquely suited for the study of human beings as purposeful agents and the study of human institutions as complex social phenomena. If guided by faulty methods, theories are inaccurate and policy outcomes veer from their intentions. Hayek termed such outcomes "abuses of reason". Aiming to replicate the objectivity of physical sciences via formal modeling and statistical measurement, economists throughout the 20th century imposed an excessively technical vision of human decision-making. Policy failures and social problems resulted. This paper argues that the historical trends of applied social science dedicated to crime and punishment can be understood similarly. Formal modeling and statistical measurement continuously displaced methods more attuned to human intentionality and social complexity. In result, amidst a long-run history of intellectual and political change, US law enforcement and criminal punishment policies became technocratic, and outcomes became disjointed from their stated intentions to promote social order and welfare.
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D. Zharkov, A., A. V. Dolosa, N. I. Anufrieva, D. V. Tsarev, and A. P. Efremenko. "SOCIO-CULTURAL ACTIVITIES AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SOCIAL POLICY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 6 (December 21, 2019): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76131.
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Purpose of the study: The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibilities of reconstruction of socio-cultural activities in the direction of solving social problems through the involvement of various groups of people in a variety of mass cultural services. The main focus of this analysis is a differentiated approach to working with various age groups that have their own pressing social problems. The authors consider ways to solve the most acute social problems of Russian society, which are directly related to the social well-being and physical self-preservation of the majority of Russian citizens.
Methodology: As a first step in solving this problem, it is necessary to study the traditional spiritual values of the Russian people, which formed the basis of their mentality and cultural identity. Knowledge of the spiritual life of the inhabitants of Russia should be drawn, first of all, from historical sources, as well as modern socio-cultural practices. Spiritual values of contemporaries are explored both by traditional methods of testing, interviewing, observing and analyzing mathematical-statistical data, as well as new methods. For example, reflexive methods are used as the main tool for studying A. Heger’s relevant values. The work also utilized M. Smirnova’s methods and psychometric research results.
Main Findings: The main results of the research are the determination of reference points for further improvement of skills and increasing the level of professionalism in the work of specialists in the social and cultural sphere in a broad social context. The main reference point is the mastery of social scientific knowledge and social technologies of working with the population as the main content of the training of personnel of modern social and cultural activities demanded by society.
Applications of this study: The results of the study are useful in the development of educational programs for training specialists in the socio-cultural sphere, the system of advanced training and retraining. The revealed new spiritual and value orientations necessitate the search for new organizational and pedagogical technologies of social and cultural activities, the study which is an important research problem of today.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of the research lies in identifying ways to solve social problems, in particular, further rapprochement of socio-cultural activities and social work, where the main common interests of relevant specialists are to support members of society in acquiring life meanings and cultural values in everyday life, the absence of which generates the majority emerging social problems.
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Novikova, Tatyana. "Territorial inequality: an agent-based approach in modelling of social policy." E3S Web of Conferences 301 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130103001.
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The article proposes a methodological approach for assessing the territorial inequality based on an agent-oriented spatial model. The main decisions are made in the model at the microeconomic level by households and enterprises with spatial coordinates. Then they are aggregated to the level of regions, industries and the economy as a whole. The evaluation of the indicators according to the criterion of social justice is carried out using two groups of methods: firstly, statistical, primarily the Gini coefficients (which are based on the households’ incomes in regions or country as a whole), and secondly, methods for constructing isoelastic social welfare functions at the national and regional or zonal levels, which are based on the households’ utility functions and include the inequality rejection coefficient. Each value of the coefficient corresponds to a certain concept of social justice. This second group of methods is related to the original approach of the author. The model simulates the development of the government social policy, which is carried out by changing taxes and transfers and taking into account the degree of territorial inequality. Model calculations consider pensions and five types of monetary transfers in a fixed structure: unemployment benefits, child benefits, poverty benefits, social aid and basic income benefits. In a series of experiments, the effect on territorial inequality of changes in the total value of social transfers (with their fixed structure) and tax rates in accordance with the proportionality coefficients was assessed. It is used as a toolkit for changing the system of taxes and transfers and for supporting social policy to reduce spatial inequalities in Russia.
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Glebkova, I. I., and T. A. Dolbik-Vorobey. "International Migration as a Factor of Social and Economic Development of Russia." Statistics and Economics 17, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2020-3-37-46.
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Purpose of research. The article examines the human potential of the Russian Federation in the context of the established second wave of the demographic crisis. The article analyzes the state of the number, composition and structure of the population of the Russian Federation during the first (1992–2012) and second demographic crisis (2016 and up to the present), taking into account the factors of population reproduction (birth rate and mortality) and migration inflows to the country. Factors and causes of external migration with the CIS countries are identified, as they have been and remain the main donors for replenishing the population of the Russian Federation. On the basis of analytical indicators of dynamics and methods of statistical relationships, an assessment of external migration growth and its impact on the country's economy is carried out. Special attention is paid to measures taken at the state level to stabilize and improve migration problems.Materials and methods. The information base of the study is statistical data and analytical information on external migration flows, based on statistical surveys conducted in the country. The methodological basis of the research is represented by statistical methods of information analysis: comparative analysis, structural and dynamic analysis, analysis of the interrelationships of migration and economic indicators.Results. The article analyzes in detail the results of current events in the country during periods of demographic decline and population growth since 1992. Due to the demographic policy implemented in the country, as well as the peculiarities of the age and gender structure of the population, it is proved that the main component for population growth is still the migration inflow. Special attention is paid to external labor migration in recent years. The impact of migration growth on economic indicators (unemployment rate, real wages, index of physical volume of GDP) and the development of the economy as a whole are estimated. Also, on the scale of the State National Policy Strategy being implemented until 2025, state measures to stabilize and improve the situation in the field of migration policy are presented and analyzed.Conclusion. Due to the fact that migration policy is a defining component of demographic policy, which is currently one of the priorities of the state's development, it is advisable to regularly study external migration as one of the most important sources of replenishment of human capital and hence the development of the country's economy. Therefore, the government of the Russian Federation should pay special attention to measures to attract foreign highly qualified labor force in active working age; providing foreign students who have successfully completed their studies and defended their diplomas in Russian universities with the opportunity to find a job in our country in order to obtain Russian citizenship and create a family in Russia. As well as carrying out regular monitoring studies on adaptation of foreign citizens, taking into account regional peculiarities of development of economy of our country, because today in the conditions of demographic decline of the Russian population it is one of the main sources of economic development on the geopolitical level, as labor potential – a basis for national economic growth.
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Deriglazova, Larisa, Alina Chepchugova, and Viktor Menkh. "Phenomenon of social exclusion in EU countries: Definition and measurements." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 14, no. 2 (2021): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2021.205.
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The article analyses the phenomenon of social exclusion and the EU policy in combating this problem. The article is based on the analysis of the works of European researchers, official EU documents and Eurostat statistical data. The concept of social exclusion began to develop actively in the second half of the 20th century, and quickly had been used by politicians of European countries to develop effective social policies and to fight poverty. The concept of social exclusion is not a synonymous to the concept of poverty, because exclusion offers a comprehensive study of the causes of poverty in developed societies and suggests theories that explain the causes of poverty. The concept of social exclusion becomes a policy tool, as it offers concrete directions for reduction of poverty and marginalized groups through system of targeted support, as well as actions to reduce the marginalization of groups and people living in poverty. The article presents methods of measuring this phenomenon that are used by the EU institutions to assess if individuals are at risk of poverty and social exclusion. In Russia, researchers and official representatives are noticeably interested in the concept of social exclusion. Methods of measuring poverty and social exclusion offered in the EU countries are being tested and discussed. Given the complexities of the transformation of social policy in modern Russia, taken pension reform, reform of public health system, family policy, and education, it is likely that the problem of social exclusion will remain being a distant target. Nevertheless, the interest of Russian specialists and officials to the problem and development of methods for measuring poverty using the experience of scientists from European countries provides some ground for optimism.
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Szewior, Krzysztof. "Dimensions of Social Diversity in Europe." Przegląd Strategiczny, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2019.1.18.
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The aim of the publication is to learn the dimensions of social differentiation by applying socioeconomic indicators, as well as to indicate the importance of economic and social conditions as the leading factors in building the social order of national states and the European Union. The main research question concerned the issue whether and under what conditions it is possible to achieve improvement in the level of social cohesion? The experience and knowledge allow to assume that the most important in achieving social and economic cohesion are: the level of economic development and socio-political consensus regarding the distribution and circulation of social goods, rather than the model of national social policy. The adopted assumption was verified, confirmed the dominant role of the social contract, the scope of social solidarism and the developed GDP. These elements determine social development and determine the competitive advantage of national economies. In view of the weakness of institutions and EU-wide solutions, they consolidate the multidimensional disproportions between European societies. The analysis is based on research methods of politics and social policy. Statistical data was provided by national and EU institutions.
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Edwards, Kerry Lynne, Yvonne M. Eaton-Stull, and Sarah Kuehn. "Police Officer Stress and Coping in a Stress-Awareness Era." Police Quarterly 24, no. 3 (February 15, 2021): 325–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611120984162.
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This study was conducted as controversy and turmoil engulfed police worldwide. Police-community conflict was widespread and conceivably increased officers’ stress levels. Because stress affects officers’ health and job performance, it is important to understand the phenomenon. This study was designed to ascertain officers’ stress levels, coping mechanisms, and perspectives regarding police-community relations, their perceived stress-related needs, and their perceptions of departmental assistance. Participants (N = 128) were police officers across several jurisdictions of various sizes in the northeastern United States. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected; analytic methods included statistical correlations and regression, as well as qualitative, thematic analysis. Results indicated the following: Participants experienced stress across multiple areas; some coping mechanisms predicted higher expressions of stress, as did certain perspectives of police-community relations and years in law enforcement. Participants’ perspectives of their needs and their suggestions for action contributed to data-driven policy recommendations regarding both prevention and symptom reduction approaches.
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Basic, Goran, and Zoran Lutovac. "The lack of ethnically sensitive data in Serbia's multiculturalism policy." Stanovnistvo 58, no. 1 (2020): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv200420004b.
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International organisations whose bodies monitor the realisation and protection of the rights of national and ethnic minorities (Council of Europe, United Nations) have expressed their concern about the lack of data in the Republic of Serbia?s reports on the protection of the rights of national minorities, and they have provided some recommendations in order to amend the situation. Prompted by these remarks, this paper considers the flaws in Serbia?s policy of multiculturalism. The main finding ? that Serbia?s policy of multiculturalism is not founded on verified and measurable data ? has been examined further by indicating the principles and methodologies of collecting data based on ethnic and national identity. By using a range of examples, the paper points to the social issues that occur due to neglect in collecting data on citizens? ethnicity, while the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to collecting such data is also considered. A holistic approach to researching ethnicity assumes using not only demographic methods, but also methods from and knowledge of other social sciences and humanities. The United Nations supports the idea that the approach to ethnically sensitive data should be holistically founded with its position that all data regarding people?s identity must be based on human rights ? a Human Rights-Based Approach to Data (HRBAD), in which case the relevance of statistical data is promoted.
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Ayazli. "Monitoring of Urban Growth with Improved Model Accuracy by Statistical Methods." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 5579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205579.
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While the rural population is decreasing day by day, the urban population is increasing rapidly. Urban growth, which occurs as a result of this increase, is sprawling toward natural and environmental areas in urban fringes, and constitutes the main source of many environmental, physical, social, and economic problems. In order to overcome these problems, the direction and rate of urban growth should be determined with simulation models. In this context, many urban growth models have been developed since the 1990s; the SLEUTH urban growth model is one of the most popular among them and has been used in many projects around the world. The brute force calibration process in which the best fit values of growth coefficients are determined is the most important stage of simulation models. The coefficient ranges are initially defined as being between 0 and 100 and are then narrowed in this step according to 13 separate regression scores, which are used to specify the characterization of urban growth. Consensus has not yet been reached as to which metrics should be used for calculating the best fit values, but the Lee–Sallee and Optimum SLEUTH Metric (OSM) methods have been mostly used in past studies. However, in rapidly growing study areas, these methods cannot truly explain urban growth properties. The main purpose of this paper is to precisely calibrate urban growth simulation models. Therefore, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to calculate the growth coefficients, as a new statistical approach for calibration, in this study. The district of Sancaktepe, Istanbul, which experienced population growth of 80% between 2008 and 2018, was selected as the study area in order to test the achievement of the EFA method, and two urban growth simulation models were generated for the years 2030 and 2050. According to the results, despite the fact that there is little effect of urban growth in the short term, more than 70% of forests and agricultural lands are at risk of urbanization by 2050.
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Shepeleva, Maria, and Angelina Pen'kova. "CHANGES IN THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PEASANT POPULATION OF THE KURSK REGION (1917-1920S)." Advances in Law Studies 8, no. 3 (November 29, 2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2020-8-3-51-55.
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The analysis of changes in the social structure of Russian society allows us to give a deeper and more comprehensive assessment of the formation and development of society and its individual social groups, to determine the social roots, and to consider the place and role of state policy. The object of the analysis is the social groups included in the peasant population of Kursk society in the critical period of history after 1917. Through the work of the authors synthesize theoretical, logical and statistical methods.
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Nagel, Stuart. "Tools for Analysis: Using Microcomputers." News for Teachers of Political Science 51 (1986): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0197901900003615.
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A number of article explain how to useful microcomputer can be for teaching social science research methods, particularly statistical analysis, because students can quickly obtain output from archived or inputted data and experiment with changing inputs and procedures to gain insights into various aspects of statistical analysis. Instructors combine this with lectures and discuss what is or should happen, and help students organize data, draft reports, retrieve information, and interact with others. This article describes a way microcomputers can be used to teach public policy substance, rather than methods or office practice, especially involving controversial issues.
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Rezanova, Ekaterina. "The social policy of Belarus and the development of human potential: Problems and solutions." Eastern Review 8 (December 30, 2019): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1427-9657.08.14.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the directions and mechanisms of adapting the social policy of Belarus to the demographic, migration, communication and technological challenges of modern society. The purpose of the article is to search for social policy mechanisms aimed at developing human potential and stimulating the social activity of citizens. The author analyses the directions of the state’s social policy in the absence of the reproduction of labor resources, an increase in the demographic burden on the ablebodied population, an uneven distribution of labor resources, the emigration of skilled personnel, growth in automation and robotization of production, and a growing need to build effective communication between the government and the population. The article provides an extensive analysis of statistical information, sociological research data, the legislative framework, methods and social technologies of social policy.
As a result of the study the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to search for new mechanisms for implementing social policy in various fields. Therefore, in the field of demography, it is advisable to search for indirect measures to increase social guarantees for women in order to stimulate fertility, and transform the pension system in order to reduce the demographic burden on the working population. In the field of migration, it is advisable to take government action to prevent the outflow of highly qualified specialists abroad and to return of students who have received education abroad. In the field of social and labor relations existing personnel technologists should be improved and objective methods for evaluating the effectiveness of employees based on a competency-based approach should be introduced. In the field of communication between society and the state it is necessary to inform the public about the current state policy and to organize public discussions of the state initiatives before making them.
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Weaver-Hightower, Marcus B. "A Mixed Methods Approach for Identifying Influence on Public Policy." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 8, no. 2 (June 10, 2013): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689813490996.
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Nikitishin, Andrіy. "Tax policy as a component of achieving social development." University Economic Bulletin, no. 48 (March 30, 2021): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-48-182-190.
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Relevance of research topic. Under conditions of economic transformations it is necessary to ensure a reasonable approach towards the formation and implementation of tax policy in the medium- and long-term prospect. In case of its reforming, it is important to take into account the conditions of internal and external economic environment which will contribute to the institutionalization of the tax system. It is necessary to increase the efficacy of the tax policy as a component of achieving social development. Formulation of the problem. Under conditions of the instability of social development it is extremely important to further strengthen the adaptivity of the tax policy mechanism to exogenic and endogenic challenges which negatively influence the financial safety of the country. Further development of provisions of the institutional approach towards the development of the tax policy will allow to take into account the existing state of the socioeconomic environment in case of economic transformations and to direct them towards resolving most relevant social problems. Analysis of recent research and publications. Foreign scholars studied tax policy and its influence on the social development, among them E. Atkinson, J. Buchanan, J. Canes, A. Laffer, R. Musgrave, G. Mankiw, D. Nordhaus, A. Pigou, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, V. Tanzi. Works by V. Andrushchenko, V. Vyshnevskyi, A. Krysovatyi, M. Kuzheliev, L. Lysiak, A. Mazaraki, V. Makohon, M. Pasichnyi, L. Sidelnikova, I. Chugunov were dedicated to matters of development and implementation of tax policy as well as increasing the level of its efficiency. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The mechanism of tax policy as a component of achieving social development may require further study. The purpose of the research is to expose tax policy as a component of achieving social development while taking into account the provisions of institutional theory. Research methodology. Dialectic, systemic and structural methods as well as historical and logical approaches have been used. Methods of statistical analysis were used to study the forming of tax receipts to the budget of the country. Results of work. We have performed calculations and conducted the analysis of institutional ratios of key indicators in the tax policy for the period of 2013-2019. The results of the conducted study create preconditions for using institutional approach towards the development of tax policy by taking into account mutual influence of formal and non-formal institutions as well as institutions of the state and interstate regulation, self-regulation and private regulation. Area of application of results. Conclusions and results of this study may be used for developing measures of the state tax policy as well as in the educational and scientific process of higher education institutions. Conclusions. The conducted study substantiated theoretically and practically the peculiarities of using institutional approach to ensure proper institutional basis for forming tax policy as a component for ensuring social development. It has been determined that an important task of the tax regulator as an institutional mediator in tax relations between the State and taxpayers is to decrease transactional expenses as well as to solve the problem of asymmetric information inherent to tax relations.
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Taner, Mehmet Tolga, and Jiju Antony. "Reassessment of the CAGE questionnaire by ROC/Taguchi methods." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 20, no. 2 (April 2004): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462304001035.
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Objectives: The clinical assessment efficiency of the CAGE questionnaire for alcohol abuse based on diagnostic accuracy has not been fully established to date because of the varied and inconclusive gold standards used as diagnostic criteria. CAGE has also been highlighted to miss almost half of the risk-drinkers due to the use of inadequetly set criteria for the positive recognition of alcohol abuse. This study aims to establish the diagnostic accuracy of CAGE at different treatment settings.Methods: A hybrid of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the Taguchi method was used, as this approach proved to evaluate the diagnostic performance and accuracy in hypothetical clinical settings. Data were used from three cross-clinical treatment settings, i.e., general medicine outpatients, medical inpatients, and psychiatric inpatients, and analyzed by means of a step-wise application of managable number of statistical indices such as the area under the ROC curve (AUC), leveling factor (p′), and signal-to-noise ratios (S/N; standardized S/N [SS/N]).Results: The selected settings yielded similar AUCs but portrayed different trade-offs on the ROC curves signaling the presence of different critical CAGE scores. Analysis of the sensitivity and specificity data of i, ii, iii by p′, S/N, SS/N and their dependent relation resulted in the critical CAGE scores of 1,1, and 2; and high diagnostic accuracy levels of 76.84 percent, 86 percent, and 76.84 percent, respectively.Conclusions: By setting these critical CAGE scores as the minimum detection levels of alcohol abuse, early intervention before the onset of serious alcohol-related problems is possible. This will decrease the health-care costs of the patient and, in addition, reduce the psychological and social burdens inherent to alcohol abuse both on the patient and society. Having its critical scores reliably identified and diagnostic accuracy fully determined, CAGE can now improve the detection rate of problem drinking individuals substantially.
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Libanova, E. M., O. V. Makarova, and V. G. Sarioglo. "Activation Policy as an Investment in Human Capital: Theory and Practice." Science and innovation 16, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine16.05.052.
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Introduction. Social and economic activation programs are a key area of the social policy in advanced economies. A defining feature of this policy is a shift in focus from passive assistance to employment promotion and economic activity. Problem Statement. Implementation of activation programs requires the creation of a relevant methodological basis and tools for their development, realization and evaluation. Purpose. To substantiate approaches to the implementation and evaluation of programs for activating idle recipients of social assistance. Materials and Methods. The results of projects implemented as part of international support programs in 2011-2018, in particular, a pilot project directed to test mechanisms for attracting recipients of benefits to the labor market have been considered. The face-to-face sociological survey methods, statistical methods for processing anonymous data from the social assistance system registry, as well as the method of combining data from the registry and the survey have been used. A methodology for monitoring the effectiveness and efficiency of activity tools has been specially developed. Results. The prerequisites for creation of the activation policy were identified, and the experience of its implementation has been generalized. Based on the assessment of the composition and psychological attitudes of social assistance recipients, results of previous reforms, the relevance of implementing activation programs in Ukraine has been proved. The essence of programs promoting employment and activating socially vulnerable groups of the population has been determined. The project has been evaluated on a set of criteria, including the impact on unemployment, poverty, budget revenues, and jobs. Recommendations on the practical implementation of activation programs have been developed. Conclusions. Piloting the activation tools has shown their high efficiency. However, in spite of the obvious positive results, risks that shall be taken into account when introducing the tools into practice have been identified.
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Narikae, Parmain Ole, Dr Juliana M. Namada, and Prof Paul Katuse. "ORGANIZATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK AND STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION GAPS." International Journal of Business Strategies 2, no. 1 (July 26, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ijbs.272.
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Purpose: The journal aims at assessing how organizational policy framework leads to strategy implementation gaps. The study population was made up of management and support staff of Kenyan commercial banks.Methodology: It employed the use of questionnaires to obtain relevant data from respondents. The study focused on 250 top, middle and lower level employees from Kenyan commercial banks. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics methods used include mean and standard deviation. The inferential statistics used in the study include Pearson correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and coefficients. The research data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Excel programs. Organizational policy framework was divided into ten parameters; standard operating procedures, operations manuals, loan processing policies, human resource policies, company circulars, departmental communication, memos, instructional letters, email instructions and information technology policies. Of all the ten factors of organizational policy framework, the highly statistical significant ones were standard operational procedures and loan processing policies.Results: A correlation analysis to determine the relationship between standard operating procedures and loan processing policies established that standard operating procedures influenced loan processing policies.Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study assessed how policy framework leads to strategy implementation gaps in Kenyan Commercial Banks. Further studies about factors leading to strategy implementation gaps should be conducted on other financial institutions like insurance and, indeed, other industries.
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Sharikh, Ekhlas Abu, Rifat Shannak, Taghrid Suifan, and Omar Ayaad. "The impact of electronic medical records' functions on the quality of health services." British Journal of Healthcare Management 26, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2019.0056.
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Background/aims Electronic medical records are the most common E-health application and they are starting to be implemented worldwide. In Jordan, the introduction of electronic medical records helps to improve quality and reduce service costs. This article aimed to examine how the implementation of electronic medical records impacted health service quality in Jordan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordanian hospitals that used electronic medical records. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which 582 healthcare professionals returned. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to perform descriptive and statistical analyses. Results The results showed that there was a statistically significant impact when using electronic medical records. These findings were divided into two categories: function (practice management, communication, documentation or data entry, and medication management) and on the quality of services (reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy). Conclusions The research indicated that using electronic medical records improved the quality of health services.
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Wojciuk, Michał, and Łukasz Zegarowicz. "Fiscal Instruments Supporting Families in Poland in the Years 2004-2017." e-Finanse 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2019-0012.
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AbstractThe main objective of the study was an attempt to describe the policy for supporting families with children in Poland in the years 2004-2017 in the context of traditional support instruments. The following research methods were used in the article: analysis of the literature on the subject and legal acts, analysis of statistical data and comparative analysis. The study uses statistical data from reports of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Policy. The study did not confirm the research hypothesis which says that in the analyzed period, tax preferences were the dominant instrument of support for families in Poland. Shifting the burden of family policy towards direct benefits is unlikely to increase the transparency of this policy. With the introduction of new family benefits at a high level, which are the subject of exemption from personal income tax, public spending made with the use of tax expenditures will also increase. The lack of detailed and cyclical reporting of this type of expenditure in Poland reduces the transparency of the family policy.
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Kuchmaeva, Oksana. "Social activity of elderly Russians and prospects of implementation of the “active ageing” policy." Population and Economics 2, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 47–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.2.e36060.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the scale and types of social activity of elderly Russians. The urgency of this problem is due to the scale of demographic ageing, which has already become the subject of targeted social policy in Russia and other countries. In implementing the International Plan of Action on Ageing, in particular within the framework of the Strategy for Action for Older Citizens in the Russian Federation up to 2025, it is important to understand to which extent promotion of the ideology of active ageing could be spoken of.The paper attempts to identify the scope and structure of social activity of elderly Russians based on data from the representative sample survey “A comprehensive survey of living conditions of the population”, conducted by Rosstat in 2016. The use of sample survey data and methods of statistical data analysis enabled substantiating the hypothesis on insufficient social activity and social inclusion of elderly Russians, the significant role of family interaction in the lives of older persons, which should be taken into account in assessing the impact and adjusting the Strategy for Action for Older Citizens in the Russian Federation up to 2025.
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Abulhul, Zeinab. "Brazilian youths' attitudes towards contemporary social values." Technium Social Sciences Journal 13 (October 12, 2020): 526–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v13i1.1807.
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This study aims to compare the outcomes from the study conducted by dos Santos et al. (2012) to the results found by researcher on her investigation about the impact of setting a minimum wage policy on young Brazilians' attitudes toward contemporary social values, which the data was collected from quantitative world survey. The research used the following questions to examine Brazilian youths attituded towards contemporary social values; Is there a relationship between households' satisfaction with the financial situation and the current Brazilian youths’ attitudes toward contemporary social values? Is there a relationship between socio-economic and Brazilian youths’ conceptions of achievement and success? Is there a relationship between social class and Brazilian youths’ opinion toward parents using physical punishment to discipline their children? The researcher used the following methods to examine the differences between the study variables; descriptive statistical analysis to present key variables in the sample, along with correlation, t-tests and ANOVA to further examine the relationships between variables. The results showed there was no statistically significant relationship between satisfactions with household financial situation and attitudes about doing good in society (social values), there was not a statistically significant difference in the mean scores between attaining/not attaining a university education and attitudes about achievement and success, and there was not a statistically significant difference in means scores among the three social classes in attitudes about physically punishing children. By comparing the outcomes from the study conducted by dos Santos et al. (2012) to the results from my investigation, I found there was similarity of opinions between participants in which education has relationship to having better future and helping youth become more independent; however, there were differences in opinions about the justifiability for parents to use physical punishment to discipline their children..
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Pudryk, Denis, Oleksii Kwilinski, and Tetjana Vasylyna. "EFFICIENCY OF GOVERNMENT EDUCATIONAL POLICY: IMPACT OF MIGRATION." Economic Analysis, no. 31(1) (2021): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.01.289.
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Introduction. According to the document "Transforming our world: Agenda for sustainable development until 2030" adopted at the UN Summit on Sustainable Development, Ukraine has committed to 169 tasks under 17 goals by 2030. One of the goals of sustainable development is to provide equal experience in quality education, including lifelong learning. The aim of the study is determining the impact of migration processes on the level of higher education coverage in Ukraine. Research methods. To achieve the paper’s aim, the authors applied the following methods and tools: to assess stationarity - tests of Dickie Fuller (information criterion Akaike) and Phillips Perron (criterion Bartlett Kernel), to assess the integration of data - Johansen test, to identify factors influencing the study on the result - ECM-modeling. Results. The obtained results give grounds to conclude that a 5% level of statistical significance of the growth of public spending on education, GDP per capita and remittances from abroad lead to an increase in the level of higher education in Ukraine. Thus, the hypothesis of a statistically significant impact of migration processes and education expenditures on the level of higher education coverage is confirmed. In this case, the authors highlight that Ukrainian government should develop adjusting policies to improve the effectiveness of public policy on migration management and increase the share of education spending in the country. However, it should be noted that the population growth rate negatively affects the level of higher education coverage. Perspectives. Further research is needed to determine the strength of the impact of average wages, unemployment, environmental conditions, social progress and others factors on migration processes as determinants of improving the education in the country and achieving sustainable development goals.
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Craglia, Massimo, Robert Haining, and Paola Signoretta. "Identifying Areas of Multiple Social Need: A Case Study in the Preparation of Children Services Plans." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 21, no. 2 (April 2003): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0229.
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The purpose of this paper is to compare two methods for the identification of priority areas for intervention and funding based on quantifiable assessments of multiple social need. This is an increasingly important aspect of evidence-based policy in a range of social programmes both in Britain, and in other countries. The context within which this methodology is assessed is the preparation of multiannual plans for the provision of services to children and young people. This is a statutory requirement in Britain on all local authorities, and is based on the Children Act 1989. The first method develops a composite indicator in which areas are scored on several variables, and the scores combined to identify those areas that are consistently high across all variables. The advantage of this method lies in its arithmetic transparency, which makes it ideal for use by local authorities and agencies engaged in needs assessment and planning. The potential drawback is that this composite indicator disregards any spatial structure in the data and gives no measure of statistical significance. The second method identifies statistically significant clusters using the exploratory technique of Besag and Newell for cluster detection in rare events. Clusters are combined to identify those areas affected by multiple problems. As shown in the paper, the two methods produce similar patterns of social need which is reassuring from a policy perspective as a large number of areas are now requiring a multiagency ‘joined-up’ approach for needs assessment, targeting intervention, and monitoring outcomes. The findings of this paper will be of relevance to researchers and practitioners.
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Yurena, and Raúl Hernández-Martín. "Expert Consensus Versus Statistical Techniques in the Delimitation of Tourism Destinations." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062540.
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Delimitation of the boundaries of local tourism destinations has been proposed as a useful tool to obtain spatially-detailed statistical information to improve their decision-making and management. In the case of the Canary Islands, a leading tourism region, expert consensus supported by criteria based on supply characteristics has been used to set the boundaries of local destinations. This paper aims to analyse the characteristics of these established local destinations and test if statistical methods may provide better or different results than expert consensus from the perspective of destinations’ internal homogeneity and the differences between them. After applying descriptive and analytical statistical methods, the results confirm the evidence found in other delimitation exercises in social sciences. The consensus of experts, or subjectivity, provides consistent results that are, by and large, confirmed by statistical analysis. While statistical methods can provide new insights for delimitation, pure statistical methods can sometimes be misleading if stakeholders’ knowledge is not considered.
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Dagum, Camilo, and Nanak C. Kakwani. "Income Inequality and Poverty, Methods of Estimation and Policy Applications." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 4, no. 3 (July 1986): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1391579.
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Aprildahani, Baiq Rindang, Abdul Wahid Hasyim, and Turniningtyas Ayu Rachmawati. "Motivasi Petani Mempertahankan Lahan Pertanian di Wilayah Pinggiran Kota Malang (Studi Kasus Kawasan Perkotaan Karangploso Kabupaten Malang)." Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 1, no. 3 (February 23, 2018): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2017.1.3.258-269.
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The needs for space to support urban activities causes the expansion of urban regions in Malang. Urban activities started moving spread from the city center to suburban areas (urban sprawl). Kawasan Perkotaan Karangploso (KPK), Kabupaten Malang is one of the suburban areas. Urban sprawl is conversion of agricultural land in the suburbs. Find out about the character of farmers and set up positive mental are step that must be taken to preserve agricultural land. This study determines the influence of agricultural social, environmental, economic and policy on the farmer motivation to preserve agricultural land. The research uses statistical methods which is structural equation modeling (SEM) type of partial least square (PLS). Based on the analysis of PLS, the policy and social variables influence the farmer motivation to preserve agricultural land in KPK. Farmers motivation to preserve agricultural land will be high if policy and social variables in good condition. If the goal is increasing the farmer motivation to preserve agricultural land, the improvement of policy and social variables should be heed and priority, especially if there is constraint in terms of cost or time. Meanwhile, the economic and environmental variables can be calculates thereafte
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Baranovsky, Nikolai. "Social Prevention of Sociopathic Phenomena in the System of Antideviant Policy." Logos et Praxis, no. 2 (September 2019): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.2.8.
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In modern conditions of the systemic transformation of the Belarusian society, which is developing very slowly and contradictory, despite the steady trend of reducing crime, drunkenness, drug addiction and other negative social deviations, the problem of preventing and combating antisocial phenomena continues to be complex and cause serious public concern. In this regard, the relevance and social significance of empirical studies of antisocial phenomena, their dynamics, the specifics of distribution and determination, the study of the current national legislation and social practice of the state criminological and other antideviant policies are growing. Problems of prevention and counteraction to anti-social phenomena have long attracted the attention of criminologists, sociologists, culturologists, teachers, psychologists and other researchers. However, each historical period of time brings many new circumstances that have an impact on the sociopathic situation. In addition, the persistently high level of antisocial behavior in society in different socio-demographic groups of the population indicates the presence of obvious gaps in the scientific knowledge of this problem, especially in the field of genesis and determination of negative social deviations as well as the lack of effectiveness of the forms and methods of preventive work of social actors, such as law enforcement and other public administration bodies, the family as a social institution, public associations, etc. The author carries out theoretical and applied design of an innovative system of social prevention of antisocial phenomena based on the analysis of statistical data and sociological research. It includes a set of general, special and individual measures of social, victimological and sociopathic, socio-reintegration and legal preventive activities that should be systematically implemented at the social, situational, personality-deviant, personality-victim and personality-socio-interactive levels of social subjectivity. The researcher pays special attention to the state, dynamics and peculiarities of the etiology of the alcohol and drug situation in the country. The authors propose a set of specific social and practical measures to improve the prevention of alcoholism and drug addiction which have a negative impact on the sustainable development of modern Belarusian society.
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Danecka, Marta. "Terapia pracą, czyli wybrane zagadnienia nowej ekonomii społecznej." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 54, no. 3 (August 20, 2010): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2010.54.3.5.
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The article concerns the issue of social economy and social employment as one of its forms. Social employment is represented as a modern method of combating social exclusion. It is part of the principles of an active social policy, based above all on voluntary participation, collaboration and concentrating resources on the support of people fit to work, but engulfed by poverty. The author presents the various forms and functions of social employment, the groups of people who are encompassed by such aid, and the methods of reintegration in the social environment and the job market. Statistical data and the opinions of participants in these courses are used to present the results achieved by the spread of social employment schemes in the past few years.
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Xu, Ran, Kenneth A. Frank, Spiro J. Maroulis, and Joshua M. Rosenberg. "konfound: Command to quantify robustness of causal inferences." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 19, no. 3 (September 2019): 523–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x19874223.
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Statistical methods that quantify the discourse about causal inferences in terms of possible sources of biases are becoming increasingly important to many social-science fields such as public policy, sociology, and education. These methods are also known as “robustness or sensitivity analyses”. A series of recent works (Frank [2000, Sociological Methods and Research 29: 147–194]; Pan and Frank [2003, Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 28: 315– 337]; Frank and Min [2007, Sociological Methodology 37: 349–392]; and Frank et al. [2013, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 35: 437–460]) on robustness analysis extends earlier methods. We implement these recent developments in Stata. In particular, we provide commands to quantify the percent bias necessary to invalidate an inference from a Rubin causal model framework and the robustness of causal inferences in terms of correlations associated with unobserved variables.
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Desmond, Matthew, and Adam Travis. "Political Consequences of Survival Strategies among the Urban Poor." American Sociological Review 83, no. 5 (August 31, 2018): 869–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122418792836.
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Combining ethnographic and statistical methods, this study identifies interlocking mechanisms that help explain how disadvantaged neighborhoods influence their residents’ political capacity. Support systems that arise in low-income neighborhoods promote social interaction that helps people make ends meet, but these systems also expose residents to heavy doses of adversity, which dampens perceptions of collective political capacity. For the poorest residents of these neighborhoods in particular, the expected positive effect of informal social support is suppressed by the negative effect of perceived trauma. These findings present a micro-level account of poverty, social interaction, and political capacity, one that holds implications for scholarship and public policy on participatory inequality.
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Ulman, Paweł. "Changes in household income distribution after the introduction of social policy programmes in Poland." Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy 63, no. 3 (2020): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2020.3.1.
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The aim of the paper is to analyse changes in the distribution of income of Polish households during the implementation and functioning of social policy programmes in Poland. Attention is paid to social groups that experienced a difficult economic situation, in particular marriages with dependent children. The added value of the research lies in the in-depth comparative analysis of the distribution of income and its distance in cross-section and time, based on individual data from the Household Budget Survey for two periods – before the implementation of the programmes and during their full operation. In order to compare the income distributions, statistical analysis methods were applied to the empirical income distributions. In addition to the commonly known and basic numerical characteristics of the distributions, a distribution distance measure and an income gap ratio were used. All calculations were based on individual data from the Household Budget Survey carried out in 2015 and 2018. As a result of the calculations, it was shown that in the analysed period there were significant changes in the distribution of income among the Polish population in terms of average income and income inequality. The former increased substantially, while the latter decreased, including between social groups. The results show that the social policy programmes implemented in Poland after 2015 contributed significantly to raising the level of income of most members of society and reducing economic inequalities.
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Kalabikhina, Irina E. "Measuring by time: a new paradigm of socio-demographic policy." POPULATION 23, no. 2 (2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.2.4.
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The purpose of this article is to describe the idea of forming a new paradigm of socio-demographic policy based on the core «family-work balance». Today, it is no longer enough to talk about the family-work balance policy as an integral part of the State socio-demographic policy. A new social contract between the State and the population on the disposal of time as the main resource for each person is necessary. We need a new social contract on the time use by various social groups, primarily by employees with family responsibilities. Basing on statistical and GIS methods, the author used the data from Rosstat, Moscow Department of Labor and Social Protection, survey data. Changing the approaches to assessment of the social policy results is a prerequisite for its integrated formation and implementation. The article provides eight arguments for the timeliness of changing the paradigm of the socio-demographic policy in Russia. Four ways of socio-demographic policy measuring by time units are given: calculating the equivalent of cash payments and social support services by time units; assessment of walking or transport accessibility to social institutions and the workplace by time units; duration of service receipt; estimation of working hours of parents in the sphere of professional employment. This approach will open new opportunities for cooperation with the population in the issue of demographic development and labor market regulation; it will mitigate the challenges related to the population aging and expansion of the care economy, improve the quality of life of the entire population, including people with family responsibilities. It will stimulate formation of a social system comfortable for people with a high level of human capital, aimed at combining professional and family responsibilities. The author discusses the sources of information that can be used in the new methodology for measuring policy outcomes. The article provides examples of calculations in measuring socio-demographic policy by time.
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BARZYLOVYCH, ANASTASIIA, YULIІA URSAKIІ, ALINA NADEZHDENKO, TETIANA MAMATOVA, IRINA CHYKARENKO, and SERGIY KRAVCHENKO. "The Influence of Medical Services Public Management on the Population’ Life Quality." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 17 (June 22, 2021): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.60.
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The purpose of this article is to study the factors that have a direct impact on improving the quality of life through improving public administration in the field of health care. In the course of our research are considered the following aspects: significant economic and social aspects of the medical sphere that affect the quality of life; a list of public services that are of significant public interest and have the greatest impact on quality of life, methodological approaches to assessing the quality of life, the main problems and possible ways to improve public health policy to improve the quality of life. To achieve the objectives of the study, several statistical indicators were selected and a number of statistical methods of analysis were used: pairwise correlation, regression analysis, methods of comparison, synthesis and comparison. Statistical analysis was conducted according to the countries of the European continent, which belong to different social models. An economic-mathematical model of the dependence of the Quality of Life Index on the factors of public management of medical services has been built, which shows that the increase in the Quality of Life Index by 70.2% is due to the level of state funding, insurance and the number of hospital beds. One of the main conclusions is the fact that the Health Index, along with the Purchasing Power Index, have the greatest positive impact on the quality of life of the population. According to the results of the regression analysis, it was found that that the most statistically and practically significant factor of the linear dependence of the studied indicators of public health services management on the Quality of Life Index is public expenditures in the field of health care. In this context, public policy should be mainly aimed at addressing the problems of efficient allocation of resources and fragmentation of policies and strategies for the development of effective socio-economic systems for providing quality health services to ensure a high level of quality of life.
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Yan, Hao. "The Influence of the Two-child Policy on China’s Population Projection." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 7, no. 3 (April 17, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v7n3p94.
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Since January 1,2016, China has implemented the Two-child policy. The Two-child policy is contrast to the One-child policy which has been implemented for nearly 30 years by Chinese government. Since this Two-child policy is a basic national policy of China, its purpose is to determine a reasonable rate of population development. Whether the two-child policy can really achieve the desired effect. This article will discuss statistical methods and social realities.Firstly, author uses the entropy weight with Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method. Eighteen indicators affecting the population were set up to establish an initial evaluation matrix according to the actual situation and determine the accurate weight of each indicator.Secondly, the author makes predictions on China’s future population. In order to make sure the accuracy of the forecast, author makes second forecast of the modified value to reduce the noise caused by the entropy weight method. And the author discusses which method is suit for this question.Finally, author analyzes this situation.
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Drapeau, Aline, Alain Lesage, and Richard Boyer. "Is the Statistical Association between Sex and the Use of Services for Mental Health Reasons Confounded or Modified by Social Anchorage?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50, no. 10 (August 1, 2005): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370505001005.
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Objective: Confounding and interaction have differing implications for the interpretation of findings and the design of research, mental health services, and policy. This study aimed to verify whether the association between sex and the use of services for mental health reasons is confounded or modified by social anchorage. Methods: We undertook a case–control study nested in Cycle 1.2 of the Canadian Community Health Survey. Cases were defined as users of general medical services for mental health reasons in the previous 12 months, and control subjects were defined as never-users of any services for mental health reasons. The pattern of social anchorage was described by the roles of parent, spouse, worker, and their combination. Results: Overall, women are 2.9 times more likely than men to use general services for mental health reasons. However, this inequality between women and men decreases substantially or subsides in individuals who are less anchored to Canadian society. For instance, in single parents and in unemployed parents, the odds of using general services for mental health reasons are similar in women and in men. The pattern of social anchorage tends to modify, but not to confound, the association between sex and the use of services. Conclusions: Ignoring the interaction between sex and the pattern of social anchorage distorts the interpretation of the inequality between women and men in the use of general medical services for mental health reasons and may affect the design of comprehensive mental health services and policy.
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Ahn, Mi Young, and Howard H. Davis. "Sense of belonging as an indicator of social capital." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no. 7/8 (April 29, 2020): 627–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-12-2019-0258.
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PurposeThis paper examines the possibility of using sense of belonging as an indicator for social capital. Social capital, from the collective social capital theory perspective, is constructed from three main elements: trust, social network and participation. Social capital is crucial to civil society and well-being, but there is no consensus on how to define and measure it. This paper approaches this problem with the different but related concept of sense of belonging, as belonging overlaps with social capital conceptually, but also is more amenable to measurement.Design/methodology/approachQualitative and quantitative data was collected from approximately 800 university students and used to explore the relationship between belonging and social capital both conceptually and empirically in the higher education context.FindingsThe mixed methods research analysis in this paper provides strong evidence to show how sense of belonging and social capital are theoretically and empirically intertwined, Conceptually they occupy overlapping spheres and their connections can be clearly traced and measured. This is supported by substantial statistical evidence of their relatedness, despite their independent origins in social research. For these reasons, this paper argues that sense of belonging can be used as a simplified alternative way to measure social capital.Originality/valueThis paper explains the advantages of using sense of belonging to understand social capital. It sets out a conceptual framework and provides a statistical demonstration. This paper develops and enriches a current strand of social capital and sense of belonging research in the fields of sociology and higher education policy.
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Campbell, Rebecca, Rachael Goodman-Williams, Hannah Feeney, and Giannina Fehler-Cabral. "Assessing Triangulation Across Methodologies, Methods, and Stakeholder Groups: The Joys, Woes, and Politics of Interpreting Convergent and Divergent Data." American Journal of Evaluation 41, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214018804195.
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The purpose of this study was to develop triangulation coding methods for a large-scale action research and evaluation project and to examine how practitioners and policy makers interpreted both convergent and divergent data. We created a color-coded system that evaluated the extent of triangulation across methodologies (qualitative and quantitative), data collection methods (observations, interviews, and archival records), and stakeholder groups (five distinct disciplines/organizations). Triangulation was assessed for both specific data points (e.g., a piece of historical/contextual information or qualitative theme) and substantive findings that emanated from further analysis of those data points (e.g., a statistical model or a mechanistic qualitative assertion that links themes). We present five case study examples that explore the complexities of interpreting triangulation data and determining whether data are deemed credible and actionable if not convergent.
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Thaler, Kai M. "Mixed Methods Research in the Study of Political and Social Violence and Conflict." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 11, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689815585196.
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The study of political and social violence and conflict has expanded in recent decades, concurrent with a rise in the use of mixed methods research (MMR) throughout the social sciences. This article examines how methods are best integrated in studies of violence and conflict, critically reviewing examples from previous prominent works and suggesting directions for future research. I explore the benefits of MMR for understanding structures, agency, and processes related to violence and conflict, and the opportunity MMR offers to influence a broader academic and policy audience. MMR can improve the accordance of theories and empirical studies with the complexities of social reality and enhance understanding of the causes, consequences, and potential remedies of violence and conflict.
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Kolchin, Sergey, Nadezda Glubokova, Mikhail Gordienko, and Galina Dyakova. "Features of the budget and tax policy of the Russian Federation." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 13021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021013021.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the main directions of the budget and tax policy of the Russian Federation, which is particularly relevant in view of the expected recession of the world economy due to the epidemic caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) and the fall in world prices for hydrocarbon raw materials. In these circumstances, it is necessary to adjust the budget and tax policy in order to maintain the full social obligations of the state. The study used systematic, institutional approaches and statistical methods. The main conclusions of the work are based on the need to implement measures in the field of tax incentives for small and medium-sized businesses, for which the crisis phenomena have the most disastrous impact, and to maintain the planned amounts of budget funding for social programs. In the presence of sufficient accumulated gold and foreign exchange reserves and funds of the National Welfare Fund, it is possible and necessary to respond adequately and promptly to the changing economic situation in order to smooth its consequences on the level of inflation, unemployment and the purchasing power of the national currency.
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Molienė, Ona, and Algimantas Misiūnas. "Statistical Survey on Household Consumption in the Context of Economic Growth and Decline." Lietuvos statistikos darbai 49, no. 1 (August 16, 2010): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ljs.2010.13943.
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The article presents an in-depth analysis of household consumption expenditure in Lithuania in 2005−2008 through the use of not only traditional indicators and methods but also those proposed by the authors of the article. The results of the calculations might be useful in the analysis of the efficiency of the poverty and social inequality reduction policy. The purpose of the article is to reflect the socioeconomic stratification of society and its changes across the country, in urban and rural areas. In the survey, different – identification, secondary grouping, summary indicators, and index – methods were used. Traditional and elementary statistical indicators – an arithmetic mean, a mode, and a median – were used for the assessment of the asymmetry of the distribution of expenditure. In summarising structural differences in consumption expenditure, it is proposed to use the Gateva integral coefficient of structural differences; movement in this coefficient helps to reveal shifts in consumption patterns in household groups.
The analysis carried out confirmed the assumption that the outbreak of the economic crisis in 2008 had a negative impact on the level and structure of household consumption expenditure, which was stronger in case of urban than rural households.
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Sinitsyna, V. V. "A model of socially oriented development of the Russian Federation based on a comparative analysis of traditional models of the social welfare State." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 19, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 310–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.2.310.
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Subject. The article addresses the implementation of socially oriented development in the Russian Federation and in the countries with traditional models of the social welfare State. Objectives. The aim is to perform a comparative analysis of traditional models of the social welfare State and the Russian Federation on the basis of socio-economic indicators (annual average growth in gross domestic product, inequality, unemployment, migration, the share of tax revenues in gross domestic product, indicators in the sphere of education and healthcare), and reveal the specifics of socially oriented development of the Russian Federation. Methods. The study employs methods of statistical analysis, comparative analysis, and graphic interpretation of statistics. Results. The study unveils similar trends in the social development that exist in traditional models of the social welfare State, the focus of public policy on providing at least minimal social guarantees, the use of social insurance, and extended accessibility of quality social services. It also emphasizes differences that are connected with historical principles of social policy, the level of decommodification due to modern economic development. Conclusions. The comparative analysis enabled to identify the presence of elements of considered models in the model of socially oriented development of Russia and directions of further measures for increasing socio-economic indicators, including the increase in life expectancy and quality of life for citizens, improvement of the quality of social services, reduction of inequality, promotion of high rates of economic growth, renovation of equipment and facilities, and training highly qualified specialists.