Academic literature on the topic 'Social Policy Space'
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Journal articles on the topic "Social Policy Space"
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Anderies, John M., Jean-Denis Mathias, and Marco A. Janssen. "Knowledge infrastructure and safe operating spaces in social–ecological systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 12 (August 15, 2018): 5277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802885115.
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Maintaining safe operating spaces for exploited natural systems in the face of uncertainty is a key sustainability challenge. This challenge can be viewed as a problem in which human society must navigate in a limited space of acceptable futures in which humans enjoy sufficient well-being and avoid crossing planetary boundaries. A critical obstacle is the nature of society as a controller with endogenous dynamics affected by knowledge, values, and decision-making fallacies. We outline an approach for analyzing the role of knowledge infrastructure in maintaining safe operating spaces. Using a classic natural resource problem as an illustration, we find that a small safe operating space exists that is insensitive to the type of policy implementation, while in general, a larger safe operating space exists which is dependent on the implementation of the “right” policy. Our analysis suggests the importance of considering societal response dynamics to varying policy instruments in defining the shape of safe operating spaces.
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Harris, Hannah E., and Pedro Russo. "The influence of social movements on space astronomy policy." Space Policy 31 (February 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2014.08.009.
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Gomes Vieira, Fernanda Diógenes, Raphael de Almeida Leitão, Dr Afonso Farias de Sousa Júnior, and Dr Murillo de Oliveira Dias. "Space Debris Mitigation and the Brazilian Foreign Space Policy." Noble International Journal of Scientific Research, no. 52 (October 27, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51550/nijsr.52.16.21.
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This article addressed the importance of adopting space debris mitigation strategies based on Brazilian government policy. Key findings pointed out that space debris is an issue with social, environmental, and economic impacts on global scale. Additionally, the Brazilian Government guarantees national security and establishes its aerospace sovereignty. Findings pointed out the relevance of space debris mitigation as a crucial government policy to address the creation of general Brazilian space law, as well as the opportunity for investments in the space sector as a whole in order to provide the training of civilians and military in the development of equipment to remedy the problem. Discussion on case implications and future research recommendations compile the present work.
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Gershberg, Alec Ian. "Regional Science and Policy School Space." International Regional Science Review 18, no. 2 (April 1995): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016001769501800217.
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Słomczyńska, Irma. "Governance within European Space Policy." Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej, no. 14 (December 31, 2020): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/rie.2020.14.18.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze ESP in the context of different modes of governance. Assuming that ESP is a unique and multidimensional product of dynamic political, technological, and social processes and ideas coordinated by the EU, its member states as well as non-member ones and implemented in an international environment, there are some research questions to be answered. First, is there any particular mode of governance that should be applied to the analysis of ESP implementation? Second, in what way the EU introduced space policy and space assets to the European agenda? Third, how ESP can be framed within the overall process of European integration? A qualitative research approach has been applied as well as theoretic apparatus embedded in European integration studies and political science. The main finding of the article is that the most promising way of governance within ESP is experimentalist governance. The originality of the article results from the application of the newly established experimentalist governance theory to an analysis of the increasingly important segment of EU activity.
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Purkarthofer, Judith. "Building expectations: Imagining family language policy and heteroglossic social spaces." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 3 (February 9, 2017): 724–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006916684921.
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Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: The article examines the language expectations of three couples with different language backgrounds – each expecting their first child. The study addresses three related questions: In what ways are linguistic resources imagined by the future parents? What social spaces and relations do they envision themselves and their child moving in, and how is this relevant for their family language policy? Design/methodology/approach: Situated within an ethnographic framework, speaker-centred qualitative methods (language portraits, biographic narratives) are combined with the analysis of multimodal tasks to analyse the parents’ construction of spaces of interaction, drawing on Lefebvre’s triadic concept of the production of space. Data and analysis: Co-constructed narratives of the three couples were elicited; starting with individual language biographies, the couples then constructed their family’s future in the form of visual representations of the spaces that they are about to inhabit. Recordings and pictures of the constructions were analysed jointly to understand how parents assign relevancy to their language resources, social spaces and family language policies. Findings/conclusions: The analysis shows how the parents construct the child as a multilingual self in her/his own right, subject to a biography that will develop, and who is influenced but not controlled by the parents. The multimodal data provide a window into the negotiation of language policy between the future parents. Originality: The innovative character of this paper comes from its combination of speaker-centred biographical methods with the interactive construction of three-dimensional future family spaces. Methodologically, this contribution renders theories of the construction of social space relevant for research on family language policy and practices. Significance/implications: While the study deals with the very specific situation of approaching parenthood, the findings, together with its original methodology and analytical framework, shed light on the construction of family language policy as an on-going process, starting before birth.
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Anikin, D. A. "Strategy of a Policy of Memory on Postimperial Space." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 12, no. 2 (2012): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2012-12-2-34-38.
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Article is devoted transformation of social memory in the conditions of the post-Soviet territory. Specificity of the post-Soviet territory is designing of alternative types of the social memory meaningly opposed to the Soviet past. On the basis of the spatial analysis of social memory presented in works by P. Nora, and P. Burde’s structuralist methodology the author considers change of a symbolical configuration of the post-Soviet territory in which peripheral types of social memory take a dominating place.
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Rouf, Kazi. "Group-Based Micro-Borrowers Social Space Development Policies in Bangladesh." Potentia: Journal of International Affairs 4 (October 1, 2012): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v4i0.4398.
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This policy brief looks at Grameen Bank (GB) microcredit sixteen Decisions policies to examine the degree to which women borrowers of the Grameen Bank are empowered to participate in familial decision-making around the management of income and expenditures, and to examine women borrowers’ engagement in community activities. This policy brief is based on previous GB microcredit research conducted by the author. results show that GB policies have resulted in the increased participation of women in households and communities, but also show a movement toward development. Using the case of Bangladesh, this policy brief recommends that GB should include gender equality in its sixteen Decisions to address the role of women.
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Kirilina, T. Yu, and A. G. Chernyshova. "Social Policy in the Rocket and Space Industry: State and Prospects." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 16, no. 3 (June 29, 2017): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2017-16-3-95-104.
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Keevers, Lynne, Lesley Treleaven, and Chris Sykes. "Partnership and participation: contradictions and tensions in the social policy space." Australian Journal of Social Issues 43, no. 3 (March 2008): 459–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2008.tb00113.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Social Policy Space"
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Wang, Liping. "Paradise for sale : urban space and tourism in the social transformation of Hangzhou, 1589-1937 /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9820867.
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Brader, Andrew. "Youth identities : time, space & social exclusion : exploring youth policy and practice in Sheffield : 1999-2002." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397052.
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Sharag-Eldin, Adiyana. "The Role of Geography Space and Place in Social Media Communication:Two Case Studies of Policy Perspectives." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1571484284023254.
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Boyd, Melody L. "Navigating Neighborhoods: How Social Networks and Space Shape the Decisions and Experiences of Families in Housing Mobility Programs." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/121683.
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SociologyPh.D.
This dissertation analyzes the ways that race, class, and gender intersect in specific spatial contexts to shape access to opportunity and influence families' neighborhood decisions and experiences. I add to existing research by examining the initial processes of adjusting to new neighborhoods, focusing especially on the components of neighborhood transitions that are significant for low-income women and their children. I use in-depth qualitative interview data that was collected by Northwestern University's Institute for Policy Research between 2002 and 2005 with a randomly chosen sample of adults and youth in 91 families who participated in the Gautreaux Two housing mobility program in Chicago. This analysis assesses the various factors that influenced the range of program outcomes in order to understand the social processes involved. The results of this analysis show that respondents had complicated perspectives about moving out of public housing. Most respondents were eager to move out of their baseline neighborhoods, especially for the sake of their children. However, many also cited things they missed about the neighborhood once they moved. Many faced severe obstacles in locating an eligible unit. Some of these obstacles related to the poor implementation of the Gautreaux Two program, as well as to the tight rental market in Chicago at the time. After moving through the program, many families experienced hassles with landlords, substandard unit quality, distance from kin and support networks, and difficulty in creating new social ties in placement neighborhoods resulting in social isolation and transportation and financial difficulties. Other respondents had supportive relationships with landlords, good quality units, were able to maintain ties with kin, and developed relationships with new neighbors. Participants generally valued the racial diversity of their Gautreaux neighborhoods, and many emphasized the importance of having their children live in racially diverse areas. While some respondents' children faced discrimination in their new neighborhoods and schools, this was not the primary impetus for making subsequent mobility decisions. Policy implications include the need for further pre-move housing counseling for families in mobility programs, as well as continued program assistance to build and maintain strong social networks and connections to resources.
Temple University--Theses
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Biesman-Simons, Catalina J. "Space, Power, Policy, and the Creation of the “Illegal” Migrant at the United States Boundary with Mexico." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1305.
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This thesis discusses the relationship between space (physical and figurative) and sovereign power, with respect to the history of the United States' immigration and boundary policy. It examines spatial organization as a social product, and simultaneously a producer of mainstream associations of illegal activity at the border with Mexico. It begins with a brief introduction to a spatially informed analytical framework, a history of relevant United States' immigration policy. The paper then uses newspaper coverage from the 1970s and 1980s to examine the local and national rise of xenophobia in the United States, and the normalization of boundary control and associated illegality. The socio-spatial evaluation of federal policy and public sentiment culminates with a discussion of the border policies developed by the United States Border Patrol in the early 1990s. The strategy introduced focused on preventing immigration by deterring migrants from the attempt. This plan was necessarily spatial in nature as it sought to displace migrants from ideal crossing spaces to sites vulnerable to capture by the Border Patrol.
Ultimately, the history of the United States boundary with Mexico demonstrates the power of controlling a territory, and controlling a social narrative.
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Norton, Michael. "Secondary Mortgage Markets & Place-Based Inequality: Space, GSEs and Social Exclusion in the Philadelphia Region." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/342021.
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SociologyPh.D.
Secondary Mortgage Markets and Place-Based Inequality: Space, GSEs and Social Exclusion in the Philadelphia Region Michael H. Norton Temple University, 2015 Doctoral Advisory Committee Chair: Dr. Anne Shlay In 2015 virtually the entire US mortgage market is subsidized by US taxpayers. When the Federal Government took control of the Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the summer of 2008, US tax payers assumed responsibility for the vast majority of outstanding mortgage debt in the country. This dissertation examined the historical development and contemporary activity of the secondary mortgage market to understand the way the secondary market contributes to the reproduction of place-based inequality in American cities. Specifically, this dissertation analyzed the political-economic history of the secondary mortgage market to ground a contemporary analysis of the impact of secondary mortgage market activity on neighborhood change in the Philadelphia region at the turn of the 21st century. At the turn of the 21st century secondary market institutions coordinated a financial production process referred to in this study as the financialization of space. This process transforms the individual spatial relationships between individuals and their homes into financial commodities that are bought and sold by financial institutions. Individual mortgage loans make the financialization of space possible by providing the raw material that transmits capital embedded in the social spaces of individual homes and communities through secondary market institutions and into the abstract spaces of international capital markets. However, the financialization of space itself is made possible by a number of key contradictions that created considerable tension between the ongoing expansion of finacialized space and mortgage lending to individual home owners. These tensions were built into the very framework of the legislative policies governing the secondary mortgage market. The evolution of the secondary mortgage market was informed by parallel streams of housing policy that alternately sought to expand and regulate the primary and secondary mortgage markets at the end of the 20th century. The confluence of these policy streams initially created the conditions for the GSEs to pioneer financial productions processes that led to the financializaiton of space. At the same time, the emergence of subprime lending in the primary market, combined with the expansion of the secondary mortgage market to unregulated, private institutions, created dual housing markets differentiated by the types of loans available in the primary market and the funding sources for these loans in the secondary market. Throughout the study period (1996 – 2007), the GSEs concentrated the vast majority of all their purchasing activity buying conventional loans in the more affluent areas of the region. On the other hand, private institutions steadily eroded GSE market share in the conventional market, represented virtually the entire secondary market for subprime loans, and were considerably more active purchasing loans made to borrowers in communities that had been historically excluded from the primary mortgage market. Secondary market activity from 1996 to 2007 was significantly associated with changes along key housing and socio-economic conditions from 1990 to 2010. GSE market share was significantly associated with changing homeownership levels in neighborhoods throughout the region from 1990 to 2010. Higher levels of GSE market share were associated with net increases in homeownership in neighborhoods throughout the region. In a similar way, GSE-informed changes in homeownership levels were subsequently associated with significant changes in the percentage of residents living in poverty in neighborhoods throughout the region from 1990 to 2010, particularly on the Pennsylvania side of the region. Unlike the relationship between secondary market purchasing and homeownership, the relationship between secondary market purchasing and poverty levels functions through housing - either by virtue of more affluent residents moving in, or poor residents moving out of these areas. In both instances, GSE market share, and GSE-informed changes in homeownership sharpened differences between the different communities depending on where the GSEs concentrated their purchasing activity. The region’s urban centers, where GSE market share was lowest, experienced the greatest reductions in home ownership throughout the region, and the greatest increases in neighborhood poverty levels. In addition, the spatial relationships between individual neighborhoods exerted significant influences on changes in each of the housing and socio-economic indicators assessed. These findings suggest that space itself, and the spatial relationships between neighborhoods, exerted a significant influence on both secondary market activity and changing neighborhood conditions throughout the Philadelphia region. Over the twenty year period observed in this study, the types of differences between neighborhoods in the region have remained largely the same, while the degree of these differences has intensified during this time. In this way, the spatial distribution of neighborhood types in the Philadelphia region informed secondary market at the turn of the 21st century, which in turn contributed to the intensification of the differences between neighborhood types throughout the region. The findings presented in this study point to a number of key implications for theorists seeking to explain the role of space and place in the (re)production of patterns of uneven-development in metropolitan regions, and for understanding the financializaiton of space. In addition, these findings also point to key insights for policy makers currently developing legislation to reform the secondary mortgage market.
Temple University--Theses
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Schiappacasse, Paulina. "Patterns of international migration in the Santiago Metropolitan Area - Characterization of the immigrants' social space and contributions to the national policy debate." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1174927934008-26787.
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International migration to Chile and to the Santiago Metropolitan Area (SMA), its major point of attraction, is a rather recent phenomenon which is gaining more and more attention. According to the latest population census the number of foreigners who were born abroad and permanently live in Chile, has increased by 75% between 1992 and 2002. Parallel to this, the national policy debate about immigration is becoming more intensive. However, until now there is only little evidence concerning the patterns of international migration and the characterization of the immigrants’ social space. This study is oriented towards reducing this deficit. Based on a thorough theoretical discussion, recent research publications and international reports, the study pursues mainly four objectives: The first objective is to identify major patterns of international migration as a context for the immigration to Chile and the SMA. The second objective is to understand the main features of international migration to the SMA. The third objective is to analyze the immigrants’ social space and its contribution to the overall urban development patterns in the SMA. And finally, the research results are linked with the national policy debate about immigration, and a number of policy recommendations are made. The study applies a mix of – mainly quantitative – methods, such as descriptive and analytical statistics including factor and cluster analyses using Chilean census data and visa records. The current immigration situation in Chile is characterized by a notable increase in the number of South American migrants, being attracted by better job opportunities. Moreover, there are growing numbers of young migrants for educational reasons. Chile appears to present an “intervening opportunity” in the migrants’ decision-making process, where a number of factors, such as new policy regulations in industrialized countries, the time/cost distance, as well as the economic development and political stability in the country, increasingly seem to turn into competitive advantages as compared to countries like the US, Spain or Italy. The qualification profiles of migrants in the SMA sharply contrast with the situation in most industrialized countries. In general, the educational level of immigrants is rather high. In general, immigrants strongly contribute to the educational level of the population in the SMA. Like in most global cities, two major streams of international migrants can be found in the SMA, on the one hand those who belong to the upper levels of the occupational hierarchy and on the other hand marginalized low-skill employees. The related data can be taken as an indication for the fact that a large group of immigrants is employed below their qualification levels. In the SMA, professionals and technicians play a very important role, and, except for some of the Peruvian and Ecuadorian migrants, there is little evidence of labour market segmentation. Skilled migrants contribute to reducing gaps of labour market supply in some sectors of the economy, such as public health and private education. Low-skilled migrants contribute to the labour market supply in fields where there is a growing demand, e.g. in the domestic services. Almost 50% of the international migrants live in five of the 34 communes of the SMA. This seems to be largely determined by two main factors: Migrants are found where job opportunities are, and they follow similar patterns like the Chilean population regarding their socio-spatial differentiation. Furthermore, despite the relatively high spatial concentration of migrants, the SMA shows less evidence of residential segregation than many European and US cities. The highest segregation indexes are associated with European and US immigrants with a high socioeconomic status (“voluntary ghettos”). Factor and cluster analyses show major patterns of the socio-spatial distribution of migrants in the SMA: a rather large zone of low attraction for migrants, the downtown area concentrating recent flows, and a series of semi-concentric zones around the centre where the migrants’ socio-economic and residential status increases with distance from the city centre. This is consistent with models of urban dynamics of Latin American cities. Based on the results of this study, four major recommendations for the policy debate about immigration can be derived. There is a need for (1) strengthening the diagnosis regarding immigration, (2) the improvement of the institutional framework and the participation of stakeholders, (3) fostering international cooperation regarding issues of immigration, as well as (4) shaping public opinion and strengthening the integration of immigrantsZuwanderung nach Chile und in den Großraum Santiago, dem wichtigsten Attraktionspol des Landes, ist ein relativ junges Phänomen, gewinnt aber zunehmend an Bedeutung. Laut dem letzten Bevölkerungszensus des Landes hat sich die Zahl der Zuwanderer, d.h. nach chilenischer Definition der Personen, die im Ausland geboren wurden und permanent in Chile leben, zwischen 1992 und 2002 um 75% erhöht. Parallel zu dieser Entwicklung, hat eine nationale Politikdebatte eingesetzt, die derzeit an Fahrt gewinnt. Allerdings gibt es bis heute nur wenig gesichertes Wissen über die Zuwanderung in Chile und deren sozialräumliche Charakteristika. Diese Arbeit soll einen Beitrag zur Verringerung dieses Defizits leisten. Auf der Grundlage einer Diskussion theoretischer Ansätze sowie von Studien und internationalen Berichten jüngeren Datums zu Fragen der Zuwanderung verfolgt die vorliegende Arbeit im Wesentlichen vier Ziele: Erstens sollen die Grundlinien internationaler Wanderungsprozesse als Rahmen für die Diskussion der Entwicklungstrends in Chile und im Großraum Santiago nachgezeichnet werden. Zweitens sollen Charakteristika der Zuwanderung im Großraum Santiago herausgearbeitet werden. Drittens geht es um die Identifizierung sozialräumlicher Strukturen der Zuwanderung und ihren Beitrag zur Stadtentwicklung im Großraum Santiago. Und schließlich werden aus den Ergebnissen der Studie Empfehlungen an die Politik als Beitrag zur Zuwanderungsdebatte in Chile abgeleitet. In der Arbeit werden unterschiedliche – überwiegend quantitative – Methoden verwendet, so zum Beispiel der deskriptiven und analytischen Statistik einschließlich einer Faktoren- und Clusteranalyse. Der Autorin standen hierfür umfangreiche chilenische Zensus- und Visadaten zur Verfügung. Die Zuwanderung nach Chile ist gegenwärtig insbesondere von einem starken Anstieg des Anteils von Migranten aus Lateinamerika gekennzeichnet. Dabei spielen vor allem die vergleichsweise großen Arbeitsmarktpotenziale des Landes eine Rolle. Zudem steigt die Zahl jüngerer Zuwanderer, für die Chile attraktive Ausbildungs- und Studienmöglichkeiten bietet. Im Entscheidungsprozess von Migranten kommt Chile zunehmend die Rolle einer „intervening opportunity“ zu, wobei eine Reihe von Faktoren dem Land komparative Vorteile gegenüber traditionellen Zuwanderungsländern für Migranten aus Lateinamerika wie den USA, Spanien oder Italien verschafft. Hierzu gehören u.a. die verschärften Zuwanderungsbeschränkungen in vielen Industrieländern, die günstigen Voraussetzungen hinsichtlich Zeit-/ Kosten-Distanzen sowie das anhaltende Wirtschaftswachstum und die politische Stabilität in Chile. Das allgemeine Qualifikationsprofil der Zuwanderer im Großraum Santiago unterscheidet sich deutlich von dem der Migranten in den meisten Industriestaaten. Im Allgemeinen ist das Bildungsniveau der Zuwanderer hoch. Wie in den meisten Weltstädten wird das Gros der Zuwanderer im Großraum Santiago insbesondere von zwei Gruppen gestellt, zum einen von Hochqualifizierten in Führungspositionen und zum anderen von gering qualifizierten und häufig marginalisierten Zuwanderern. Die entsprechenden Daten können im Übrigen auch als ein Indiz dafür angesehen werden, dass im Großraum Santiago viele Zuwanderer unterhalb ihres Qualifikationsniveaus beschäftigt zu sein scheinen. Akademiker und Fachkräfte spielen unter den Zuwanderern im Großraum Santiago eine große Rolle und –mit Ausnahme von Zuwanderern aus Peru und Ecuador – gibt es kaum Anzeichen für eine Segmentierung des Arbeitsmarktes. Qualifizierte Zuwanderer tragen in einigen Bereichen wie zum Beispiel bei der öffentlichen Gesundheitsvorsorge oder in Privatschulen zum Abbau von Arbeitsmarktengpässen bei. Geringer Qualifizierte erhöhen das Arbeitskräftepotenzial in Bereichen, in denen es u.a. aufgrund des Wirtschaftsaufschwungs in Chile eine steigende Nachfrage nach Arbeitskräften gibt, zum Beispiel im Bereich der Haushaltshilfen. Fast 50% aller Zuwanderer wohnen in fünf der 34 Kommunen des Großraums Santiago. Dies ist im Wesentlichen auf zwei Faktoren zurückzuführen: Migranten lassen sich dort nieder, wo es Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten gibt und sie entwickeln ähnliche sozialräumliche Verteilungsmuster wie die chilenische Bevölkerung. Weiterhin ist festzustellen, dass die Zuwanderung trotz der relativ starken räumlichen Konzentration von Migranten im Großraum Santiago im Vergleich zu Großstädten in den USA oder in Europa kaum zu Segregation führt. Quer über verschiedene Segregationsindices sind jeweils die höchsten Werte bei Zuwanderern aus Europa und aus den USA mit hohem sozioökonomischem Status festzustellen („volontary ghettos“). Mit Hilfe von Faktoren- und Clusteranalysen lassen sich räumliche Verteilungsmuster von Zuwanderern im Großraum Santiago nachweisen: Ein weiter Bereich des Großraums Santiago (insbesondere im Westen und Süden) bietet offensichtlich nur wenig Attraktivität für Migranten; das Zentrum des Großraums bildet einen kernstädtischen Bereich mit relativ junger Zuwanderung; daran schließen mehrere halbkreisförmige Gebieten um das Zentrum an, in denen der Sozialstatus und die Wohnverhältnisse der Migranten nach außen hin zunehmen. Diese Struktur ist weitgehend vergleichbar mit lateinamerikanischen Stadtentwicklungsmodellen. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit legen im Hinblick auf die Zuwanderungsdebatte in Chile eine Reihe von Empfehlungen nahe. Dabei geht es im Wesentlichen um die folgenden Aspekte: (1) die Verbesserung der Informationsgrundlagen über Zuwanderung, (2) die Verbesserung der institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen und die Einbeziehung aller Beteiligten, (3) die Stärkung der internationalen Zusammenarbeit im Hinblick auf Migrationsfragen und (4) die Versachlichung der öffentlichen Debatte über Migration und die effizientere Integration von Zuwanderern
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SILVA, RITA EMILIA ALVES DA. "SOCIAL WORK IN THE BRAZILIAN AIR FORCE: THE NATIONAL DEFENSE POLICY AND THE NEW REQUISITIONS FOR THE PROFESSION IN THE MILITARY SPACE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35841@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES
Esta pesquisa versa sobre as novas requisições postas aos assistentes sociais da Aeronáutica, abordando, particularmente, os impactos para o serviço social, ao considerar a relação entre as transformações que vem sendo efetivadas no universo do trabalho dos militares e as políticas de defesa nacional, aprovadas nos anos 2000. Buscou dar visibilidade às respostas, construídas pela profissão, a partir de um ponto ainda não analisado, que se relaciona à atuação dos assistentes sociais nas missões operacionais das Forças Armadas. O trabalho partiu de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as atuais políticas de defesa nacional e, em especial, daquelas de caráter subsidiário, bem como do exame das principais normas técnicas que regulamentam a atuação profissional. Para viabilizar tal estudo, foi realizada uma pesquisa com enfoque qualitativo, visando analisar o trabalho profissional dos assistentes sociais e as requisições do campo operacional. Dessa forma, recorreu-se a três eixos, a saber: Trabalhadores militares e os desafios do campo operacional subsidiário; Missões Subsidiárias: o olhar do Serviço Social e a construção do seu lugar; Serviço Social e a legitimação do espaço socio-ocupacional nas missões da Força Aérea Brasileira, envolvendo organizações militares do Comando da Aeronáutica nas áreas de assistência social, saúde, controle do espaço aéreo, logística operacional e aviação, de todo o país. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o cenário de intensas transformações e novas requisições para a profissão, na Aeronáutica, é acompanhado por uma condição de trabalho, na maioria dos casos, marcada pelo caráter de instabilidade no serviço militar. Outro ponto sinalizado centra-se nos impactos para a profissão, oriundos, de um lado, pelas transformações em curso no mundo do trabalho e, de outro, das novas requisições que acompanham as atuais políticas de defesa nacional. Os resultados da pesquisa também indicam o caráter pontual e fragmentado das ações do serviço social no âmbito das missões subsidiárias. Tal questão é justificada pela própria lógica normativa, a qual prevê a transitoriedade nas operações militares dessa natureza, tendo em vista não ser essa a missão constitucional das Forças Armadas. A partir dos dados levantados, esta tese defende a necessidade de conhecimento, por parte da profissão, sobre as políticas de defesa nacional e, em particular, do emprego atual das missões subsidiárias, ao considerar que a invisibilidade desta área dificulta investimentos em estudos sobre o espaço socio-ocupacional das Forças Armadas, além de manter a distância entre as ações e possibilidades deste campo com o projeto ético-político do Serviço Social.
This research deals with the new requests made to Aeronautics social workers. Addressing, in particular, the impacts to the social work, considering the relationship between the transformations that have been made in the universe of military work and defense policies of Brazil, approved in the 2000s. It sought to give visibility to the answers, built by the profession, from a point not yet analyzed, which is related to the work of social workers in the operational missions of the Armed Forces. The work started with a bibliographical review on the current national defense policies, and especially those of a subsidiary nature, as well as the examination of the main technical norms that regulate the professional performance. To make this study viable, a qualitative research was carried out, aiming to analyze the professional work of social workers and the requisitions of the operational field. In this way, three axes were used, namely: Military workers and the challenges of the subsidiary operational field; Subsidiary Missions: the look of Social Service and the construction of its place; Social Service and the legitimation of the socio-occupational space in the missions of the Brazilian Air Force, involving military organizations of the Aeronautics Command in the areas of social assistance, health, airspace control, operational logistics and aviation, throughout the country. The results of the research demonstrate that the scenario of intense transformations and new requisitions for the profession, in the Aeronautics, is accompanied by a work condition, in most cases, marked by the instability character in the military service. Another signaled point focuses on the impacts to the profession, originating, on the one hand, by the ongoing transformations in the world of work and, on the other hand, the new requisitions that accompany current national defense policies. The results of the research also indicate the punctual and fragmented nature of social work actions within the scope of subsidiary missions. This issue is justified by the normative logic itself, which provides for transitoriness in military operations of this nature, since this is not the constitutional mission of the Armed Forces. Based on the data collected, this thesis argues the need for the profession to know about national defense policies and, in particular, the current use of subsidiary missions, considering that the invisibility of this area makes it difficult to invest in studies on the socio-occupational space of the Armed Forces, besides maintaining the distance between the actions and possibilities of this field with the ethical-political project of the Social Work.
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Schiappacasse, Paulina. "Patterns of international migration in the Santiago Metropolitan Area - Characterization of the immigrants' social space and contributions to the national policy debate." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24794.
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International migration to Chile and to the Santiago Metropolitan Area (SMA), its major point of attraction, is a rather recent phenomenon which is gaining more and more attention. According to the latest population census the number of foreigners who were born abroad and permanently live in Chile, has increased by 75% between 1992 and 2002. Parallel to this, the national policy debate about immigration is becoming more intensive. However, until now there is only little evidence concerning the patterns of international migration and the characterization of the immigrants’ social space. This study is oriented towards reducing this deficit. Based on a thorough theoretical discussion, recent research publications and international reports, the study pursues mainly four objectives: The first objective is to identify major patterns of international migration as a context for the immigration to Chile and the SMA. The second objective is to understand the main features of international migration to the SMA. The third objective is to analyze the immigrants’ social space and its contribution to the overall urban development patterns in the SMA. And finally, the research results are linked with the national policy debate about immigration, and a number of policy recommendations are made. The study applies a mix of – mainly quantitative – methods, such as descriptive and analytical statistics including factor and cluster analyses using Chilean census data and visa records. The current immigration situation in Chile is characterized by a notable increase in the number of South American migrants, being attracted by better job opportunities. Moreover, there are growing numbers of young migrants for educational reasons. Chile appears to present an “intervening opportunity” in the migrants’ decision-making process, where a number of factors, such as new policy regulations in industrialized countries, the time/cost distance, as well as the economic development and political stability in the country, increasingly seem to turn into competitive advantages as compared to countries like the US, Spain or Italy. The qualification profiles of migrants in the SMA sharply contrast with the situation in most industrialized countries. In general, the educational level of immigrants is rather high. In general, immigrants strongly contribute to the educational level of the population in the SMA. Like in most global cities, two major streams of international migrants can be found in the SMA, on the one hand those who belong to the upper levels of the occupational hierarchy and on the other hand marginalized low-skill employees. The related data can be taken as an indication for the fact that a large group of immigrants is employed below their qualification levels. In the SMA, professionals and technicians play a very important role, and, except for some of the Peruvian and Ecuadorian migrants, there is little evidence of labour market segmentation. Skilled migrants contribute to reducing gaps of labour market supply in some sectors of the economy, such as public health and private education. Low-skilled migrants contribute to the labour market supply in fields where there is a growing demand, e.g. in the domestic services. Almost 50% of the international migrants live in five of the 34 communes of the SMA. This seems to be largely determined by two main factors: Migrants are found where job opportunities are, and they follow similar patterns like the Chilean population regarding their socio-spatial differentiation. Furthermore, despite the relatively high spatial concentration of migrants, the SMA shows less evidence of residential segregation than many European and US cities. The highest segregation indexes are associated with European and US immigrants with a high socioeconomic status (“voluntary ghettos”). Factor and cluster analyses show major patterns of the socio-spatial distribution of migrants in the SMA: a rather large zone of low attraction for migrants, the downtown area concentrating recent flows, and a series of semi-concentric zones around the centre where the migrants’ socio-economic and residential status increases with distance from the city centre. This is consistent with models of urban dynamics of Latin American cities. Based on the results of this study, four major recommendations for the policy debate about immigration can be derived. There is a need for (1) strengthening the diagnosis regarding immigration, (2) the improvement of the institutional framework and the participation of stakeholders, (3) fostering international cooperation regarding issues of immigration, as well as (4) shaping public opinion and strengthening the integration of immigrants.Zuwanderung nach Chile und in den Großraum Santiago, dem wichtigsten Attraktionspol des Landes, ist ein relativ junges Phänomen, gewinnt aber zunehmend an Bedeutung. Laut dem letzten Bevölkerungszensus des Landes hat sich die Zahl der Zuwanderer, d.h. nach chilenischer Definition der Personen, die im Ausland geboren wurden und permanent in Chile leben, zwischen 1992 und 2002 um 75% erhöht. Parallel zu dieser Entwicklung, hat eine nationale Politikdebatte eingesetzt, die derzeit an Fahrt gewinnt. Allerdings gibt es bis heute nur wenig gesichertes Wissen über die Zuwanderung in Chile und deren sozialräumliche Charakteristika. Diese Arbeit soll einen Beitrag zur Verringerung dieses Defizits leisten. Auf der Grundlage einer Diskussion theoretischer Ansätze sowie von Studien und internationalen Berichten jüngeren Datums zu Fragen der Zuwanderung verfolgt die vorliegende Arbeit im Wesentlichen vier Ziele: Erstens sollen die Grundlinien internationaler Wanderungsprozesse als Rahmen für die Diskussion der Entwicklungstrends in Chile und im Großraum Santiago nachgezeichnet werden. Zweitens sollen Charakteristika der Zuwanderung im Großraum Santiago herausgearbeitet werden. Drittens geht es um die Identifizierung sozialräumlicher Strukturen der Zuwanderung und ihren Beitrag zur Stadtentwicklung im Großraum Santiago. Und schließlich werden aus den Ergebnissen der Studie Empfehlungen an die Politik als Beitrag zur Zuwanderungsdebatte in Chile abgeleitet. In der Arbeit werden unterschiedliche – überwiegend quantitative – Methoden verwendet, so zum Beispiel der deskriptiven und analytischen Statistik einschließlich einer Faktoren- und Clusteranalyse. Der Autorin standen hierfür umfangreiche chilenische Zensus- und Visadaten zur Verfügung. Die Zuwanderung nach Chile ist gegenwärtig insbesondere von einem starken Anstieg des Anteils von Migranten aus Lateinamerika gekennzeichnet. Dabei spielen vor allem die vergleichsweise großen Arbeitsmarktpotenziale des Landes eine Rolle. Zudem steigt die Zahl jüngerer Zuwanderer, für die Chile attraktive Ausbildungs- und Studienmöglichkeiten bietet. Im Entscheidungsprozess von Migranten kommt Chile zunehmend die Rolle einer „intervening opportunity“ zu, wobei eine Reihe von Faktoren dem Land komparative Vorteile gegenüber traditionellen Zuwanderungsländern für Migranten aus Lateinamerika wie den USA, Spanien oder Italien verschafft. Hierzu gehören u.a. die verschärften Zuwanderungsbeschränkungen in vielen Industrieländern, die günstigen Voraussetzungen hinsichtlich Zeit-/ Kosten-Distanzen sowie das anhaltende Wirtschaftswachstum und die politische Stabilität in Chile. Das allgemeine Qualifikationsprofil der Zuwanderer im Großraum Santiago unterscheidet sich deutlich von dem der Migranten in den meisten Industriestaaten. Im Allgemeinen ist das Bildungsniveau der Zuwanderer hoch. Wie in den meisten Weltstädten wird das Gros der Zuwanderer im Großraum Santiago insbesondere von zwei Gruppen gestellt, zum einen von Hochqualifizierten in Führungspositionen und zum anderen von gering qualifizierten und häufig marginalisierten Zuwanderern. Die entsprechenden Daten können im Übrigen auch als ein Indiz dafür angesehen werden, dass im Großraum Santiago viele Zuwanderer unterhalb ihres Qualifikationsniveaus beschäftigt zu sein scheinen. Akademiker und Fachkräfte spielen unter den Zuwanderern im Großraum Santiago eine große Rolle und –mit Ausnahme von Zuwanderern aus Peru und Ecuador – gibt es kaum Anzeichen für eine Segmentierung des Arbeitsmarktes. Qualifizierte Zuwanderer tragen in einigen Bereichen wie zum Beispiel bei der öffentlichen Gesundheitsvorsorge oder in Privatschulen zum Abbau von Arbeitsmarktengpässen bei. Geringer Qualifizierte erhöhen das Arbeitskräftepotenzial in Bereichen, in denen es u.a. aufgrund des Wirtschaftsaufschwungs in Chile eine steigende Nachfrage nach Arbeitskräften gibt, zum Beispiel im Bereich der Haushaltshilfen. Fast 50% aller Zuwanderer wohnen in fünf der 34 Kommunen des Großraums Santiago. Dies ist im Wesentlichen auf zwei Faktoren zurückzuführen: Migranten lassen sich dort nieder, wo es Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten gibt und sie entwickeln ähnliche sozialräumliche Verteilungsmuster wie die chilenische Bevölkerung. Weiterhin ist festzustellen, dass die Zuwanderung trotz der relativ starken räumlichen Konzentration von Migranten im Großraum Santiago im Vergleich zu Großstädten in den USA oder in Europa kaum zu Segregation führt. Quer über verschiedene Segregationsindices sind jeweils die höchsten Werte bei Zuwanderern aus Europa und aus den USA mit hohem sozioökonomischem Status festzustellen („volontary ghettos“). Mit Hilfe von Faktoren- und Clusteranalysen lassen sich räumliche Verteilungsmuster von Zuwanderern im Großraum Santiago nachweisen: Ein weiter Bereich des Großraums Santiago (insbesondere im Westen und Süden) bietet offensichtlich nur wenig Attraktivität für Migranten; das Zentrum des Großraums bildet einen kernstädtischen Bereich mit relativ junger Zuwanderung; daran schließen mehrere halbkreisförmige Gebieten um das Zentrum an, in denen der Sozialstatus und die Wohnverhältnisse der Migranten nach außen hin zunehmen. Diese Struktur ist weitgehend vergleichbar mit lateinamerikanischen Stadtentwicklungsmodellen. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit legen im Hinblick auf die Zuwanderungsdebatte in Chile eine Reihe von Empfehlungen nahe. Dabei geht es im Wesentlichen um die folgenden Aspekte: (1) die Verbesserung der Informationsgrundlagen über Zuwanderung, (2) die Verbesserung der institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen und die Einbeziehung aller Beteiligten, (3) die Stärkung der internationalen Zusammenarbeit im Hinblick auf Migrationsfragen und (4) die Versachlichung der öffentlichen Debatte über Migration und die effizientere Integration von Zuwanderern.
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D'Andreta, Daniela. "Urban cohesion and resident social networks : an analysis of spatial, structural and ideational forms of interaction and consequences for deprived neighbourhoods." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/urban-cohesion-and-resident-social-networks-an-analysis-of-spatial-structural-and-ideational-forms-of-interaction-and-consequences-for-deprived-neighbourhoods(81224fab-855f-4131-bf4b-d286cf542603).html.
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Most studies of 'cohesion' between urban residents focus separately on either social network structure or ideations with very little attention given to the intersection between spatial, structural and ideational dimensions of networks. This is problematic on two levels: firstly because attitudes and practices are formed in the context of personal social networks; and secondly because social interactions between residents are physically embodied and therefore spatially constrained. This thesis explores empirically the relationship between spatial cohesion (the extent to which a network is geographically localised or dispersed), structural cohesion (the extent to which a network is tight-knit or fragmented) and ideational cohesion (the extent to which residents have similar attitudes and practices). The social networks, attitudes and practices of white-British residents living in deprived urban localities of North Manchester are studied (survey, n=409; interview, n=53). Variances in forms of cohesion were found to have consequences for residents and localities. At the individual level, the spatial and structural shape of a resident's network was linked to their attitudes and behaviours. Attitudes and practices were 'framed' in the context of personal network structure exhibited through a set of resident 'roles'. This matters for urban cohesion because a person's social network structure influenced whether they liked their neighbourhood, trusted other residents, felt a sense of community or had found jobs through contacts. Previous studies have argued that contemporary urban networks have become fluid, dynamic and spatially dispersed. Yet this research found that although some people had networks that were geographically spread, most resident networks were made of localised, tight-knit, stable, long-term relations. Moreover, people with these cohesive, localised networks framed their experiences of urban cohesion differently to those with geographically spread and/or disconnected social networks. Particularly because the attitudes and practices of residents with localised, cohesive networks were very often habitual and socially reproduced. Social networks focus people's activities in such a way that not only constrains or enables current attitudes and practices but can also affect an individual's ability to change their future behaviour. At the locality level, the type of 'deprived' locality seemed to influence network structure. The structural, spatial and ideational distribution of cohesion at locality level provided neighbourhoods with different portfolios of social capital. Qualitative differences were observed between homogeneous-deprived (very low income, white areas) and socially mixed-deprived (white deprived areas with some class/ethnic mix) localities. People living in deprived-homogenous localities concentrated their networks within the local area and had few ties to residents of bordering areas, a sign of social distance. Conversely, residents of socially mixed-deprived localities had more potential to bridge ties to other neighbourhoods because their networks were not overly focused within the local area. Given that attitudes and practices are framed in the context of social network structure, it was argued that residents of deprived-homogeneous and socially mixed-deprived areas may experience and interpret urban cohesion differently and this has implications for universal policies of cohesion in deprived neighbourhoods. The thesis illustrates the interplay between spatial, structural and ideational forms of cohesion and highlights consequences for individual action and the generation of neighbourhood social capital. The originality of analysis and data synthesis are used to advance a relational and contextualised theory of urban cohesion and contribute to wider academic and policy debates on urban social networks and neighbourhood deprivation.
Books on the topic "Social Policy Space"
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Internet freedom and political space. Santa Monica, CA: RAND National Research Defense Institute, 2013.
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Richard, Rose. Progress across time & catching up across space. Glasgow: Centre for the Study of Public Policy, University of Strathclyde, 1994.
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Alison, Brown, and University of Cardiff, eds. Contested space: Street trading, public space, and livelihoods in developing cities. Rugby: ITDG Publishing, 2006.
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John, Urry, ed. Economies of signs and space. London: Sage, 1994.
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Negotiating urban space: Urbanization and late Ming Nanjing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2009.
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Geipel, Robert. Schools, space and social policy: Educational provision for the children of migrant workers in Munich. [Liverpool]: Liverpool University Press, 1986.
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School, space, and social policy: Educational provision for the children of migrant workers in Munich. [Liverpool]: Liverpool University Press, 1986.
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Rudolf, Andorka, ed. A society transformed: Hungary in time-space perspective. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press, 1999.
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Ayeni, Bola. Symposium on "Mabogunje on development and development policy". Ibadan, Nigeria: Development Policy Centre, 2002.
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Gesellschaftliche Naturverhältnisse in der Internationalisierung des Staates: Konflikte um die Räumlichkeit staatlicher Politik und die Kontrolle natürlicher Ressourcen. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Social Policy Space"
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Evans, Karen, and Penelope Fraser. "Difference in the City: Locating Marginal Use of Public Space." In The Social Construction of Social Policy, 109–25. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24545-1_7.
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Brown, Marvin T. "The Social." In Library of Public Policy and Public Administration, 45–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77363-2_4.
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AbstractThe social is constituted by on-going communication and behavior patterns that influence participants perceptions, expectations and moral boundaries. For some, moral boundaries protect the racial hierarchy of American prosperity by calling natural what is actually social. Controversary about the meaning of sex, race, and ancestry can help us understand this difference, and thereby sharpen our awareness of our experiences of the social from social diversity to social amnesia. Social amnesia eliminates any awareness of the climate of injustice. In this context, a disturbing trend is our increasing reliance on private philanthropy to solve social problems, which moves us toward a new form of feudalism instead of a civic democracy. In a civic space that arises from the connections between our shared humanity and social differences, it is possible to listen to diverse voices and to make incoherent stories coherent.
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Berthet, Maximilien. "Connecting Space with Citizens of ASEAN: A Social and Policy Ecosystem for Sustainable Space Development." In ASEAN Space Programs, 177–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7326-9_10.
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Sterns, Patricia Margaret, and Leslie I. Tennen. "SETI, Metalaw, and Social Media." In Private Law, Public Law, Metalaw and Public Policy in Space, 159–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27087-6_9.
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Giband, David. "When School Comes to Community: Considering the Socioethnic Environment in Educational Reform for Gypsy Populations in a French City." In Knowledge and Space, 153–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78597-0_8.
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AbstractIn this paper, I explore the dynamics of an educational reform aimed at transforming individual and collective attitudes towards school among Gypsy/Roma families living in urban spaces of advanced social marginality. In Perpignan, Gypsy/Roma people are highly marginalized, living in a deprived urban environment (violence, unemployment, poor housing conditions, female-headed households, problematic night life) and following their cultural and customary rules and values. These play a crucial role in weak school performance. In 2005, city riots pushed municipal, community, and educational stakeholders to act. Policymakers implemented an experimental national policy in Perpignan from 2007 to 2015, in which they treated education as the cornerstone of necessary change. This public policy opened schools to their social and ethnic environment, as socioenvironmental settings were utilized as a performative tool for school achievement and success.
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Maina, Andrew. "Securitization of Kenya’s Asylum Space: Origin and Legal Analysis of the Encampment Policy." In Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, 81–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03721-5_5.
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Grigoryeva, Irina, Oksana Parfenova, and Alexandra Dmitrieva. "Social Policy for Older People in the Post-Soviet Space: How Do Pension Systems and Social Services Influence Social Exclusion?" In International Perspectives on Aging, 385–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_30.
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AbstractThis chapter considers pension protection and social services in the post-Soviet space as forms of social policy that can protect older people from risks of social exclusion. We draw on the example of two countries, Russia and Ukraine, which share a common Soviet background. Until relatively recently, both countries held a similar position with regard to the pension protection and social security of old people. However, recent reforms in the area of pensions and social services have generated various possible ways for the development of both countries. In Ukraine, pension reform took place in 2017, and can be described as “softer” in comparison with the Russian version. Ukrainian reform does not involve raising the retirement age, but rather increases the length of service required to retire. Pension reform in Russia has been taking place before our eyes, in 2018–2019. It assumes a sharp rise in the retirement ages for men and women. In addition to addressing pension reform, the chapter considers in more detail social services for older people in Russia and Ukraine. In broad terms, the chapter seeks to answer the following question: How do modern pension reforms and the structure of social services in the post-Soviet space (for example, Russia and Ukraine) affect the social exclusion of older people?
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Fontana, Magda, and Marco Guerzoni. "Modelling Complexity with Unconventional Data: Foundational Issues in Computational Social Science." In Handbook of Computational Social Science for Policy, 107–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16624-2_5.
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AbstractThe large availability of data, often from unconventional sources, does not call for a data-driven and theory-free approach to social science. On the contrary, (big) data eventually unveil the complexity of socio-economic relations, which has been too often disregarded in traditional approaches. Consequently, this paradigm shift requires to develop new theories and modelling techniques to handle new types of information. In this chapter, we first tackle emerging challenges about the collection, storage, and processing of data, such as their ownership, privacy, and cybersecurity, but also potential biases and lack of quality. Secondly, we review data modelling techniques which can leverage on the new available information and allow us to analyse relationships at the microlevel both in space and in time. Finally, the complexity of the world revealed by the data and the techniques required to deal with such a complexity establishes a new framework for policy analysis. Policy makers can now rely on positive and quantitative instruments, helpful in understanding both the present scenarios and their future complex developments, although profoundly different from the standard experimental and normative framework. In the conclusion, we recall the preceding efforts required by the policy itself to fully realize the promises of computational social sciences.
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Lauen, Douglas Lee, and Kyle Abbott. "Bringing the Full Picture into Focus: A Consideration of the Internal and External Validity of Charter School Effects." In Knowledge and Space, 63–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78597-0_4.
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AbstractThe authors of this chapter describe an institutional arrangement for education in the United States: the provision of education through “charter schools,” an experiment in liberalization and decentralization begun in the early 1990s. They address whether charter schools raise student achievement on average compared to students in traditional public schools. They report that the authors of small-scale randomized studies report quite positive effects, but that as the sample of schools increases, the reported effects decline in size and significance, from which they conclude that while charter schools do not generally harm student achievement, they do not have significantly positive effects for the average student. They do, however, more positively affect poor and minority students and students in some urban centers. This underlines the importance of examining school effects across different geographies and social groups and the key role external validity plays in drawing policy implications from educational research.
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Brown, Marvin T. "Introduction: Three Kinds of Engagement." In Library of Public Policy and Public Administration, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77363-2_1.
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AbstractTo change the course of the unsustainable trends of American Prosperity, we must change the social climate of injustice that allows it to continue. This change entails three operations: create an interpretive framework that covers the key components of our living systems, tell coherent stories that include past injustices and places to repair them, and create a civic space that enables us to create a climate of justice. The four components of the interpretive framework are the Earth, our humanity, the social, and the civic. The historical narratives are stories guided by the principle of coherence, which reveal opportunities to change the current course of history. Making such changes involves civilians entering civic spaces where they can invite citizens to care for justice and for future generations.
Conference papers on the topic "Social Policy Space"
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Yogia, Moris Adidi, Raden Imam Al Hafis, and Mustika Devitasari. "Policy Implementation of Green Open Space in Pekanbaru City." In The Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education, and Humanity. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009058400410044.
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Rahayu, Restu. "Public Open Space Policy in Kaohsiung Taiwan." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2019 – Humanity, Education and Social Sciences (IcoSIHESS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icosihess-19.2019.52.
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Sihombing, Tunggul, and Deddy Hutapea. "Implementation of Green Open Space Policy in the Utilization of Public Space in City of Medan." In Second International Conference on Public Policy, Social Computing and Development (ICOPOSDEV 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220204.055.
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Siagian, Morida, Samsul Bahri, and Rudolf Sitorus. "Identification of Gathering Space in Pekan Labuhan." In Second International Conference on Public Policy, Social Computing and Development (ICOPOSDEV 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220204.015.
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Monroy, Carla. "The incidence of the criminal policy in the conformation of the public space." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8155.
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Mexican Criminal Policy is distinguished by its historical repression, the strategies implemented by the current government affected directly the violence and crime index. These facts beat and modified the conformation of the public space. Recreational places, parks, streets, squares, etc., stopped having the dynamism that used to have. On the other hand, the global postmodern speech changes the conception of the city, nowadays is privileged the consumption, so the city has transform in order to achieve the goals of the capitalism, with resulting of disjointed public spaces, hindering social relations.
Therefore, it is proposed to promote a Criminal Policy with an integral and social well-being approach, these will have an impact on the conformations of public space in the city and also will be understood as policies of development and urban design.
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Siagian, Morida. "The Struggling of Onan as Gathering Space in Urban Transformation." In Second International Conference on Public Policy, Social Computing and Development (ICOPOSDEV 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220204.016.
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Siagian, Morida. "Right To The Difference Of Space As The City Magnet (The Study of Teory Henri Lefebvre)." In International Conference on Public Policy, Social Computing and Development 2017 (ICOPOSDev 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoposdev-17.2018.34.
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Miroshnichenko, Inna. "REFLEXIVE SPACE OF POLICY: THE EXPERIENCE OF APPLYING RELATIONAL METHODOLOGY IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE ONLINE SPACE USERS DISCURSIVE PRACTICES." In 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/1.2/s01.027.
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Fidowaty, Tatik, Nasrullah Nazsir, Utang Suwaryo, and Nandang Alamsah Deliarnoor. "Policy Implementation Of Green Space In Bandung City Seen From Power, Interest, And Strategies Of Actor Involved Factor (Study About Park and City Forest)." In International Conference on Public Policy, Social Computing and Development 2017 (ICOPOSDev 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoposdev-17.2018.17.
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Wang, Yingyan, and Rui Zeng. "Research on the Policy Text of Makerspace Space Based on Nvivo: Taking Zhejiang Province as an Example." In 2021 International Conference on Diversified Education and Social Development (DESD 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210803.066.
Full textReports on the topic "Social Policy Space"
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Nishiura, Sadatsugu. Working Paper PUEAA No. 4. Tama New Town Revitalization Policy and its Major Projects. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.002r.2022.
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In the period after the Second World War, the phenomenon of migration from rural to urban areas increased dramatically, this posed a new series of challenges for cities that saw their infrastructure and their space taken to the limit. But now the new Japanese urban developments seek to reverse this by making cities more friendly places for both the individual and the environment. Taking into consideration both socioeconomic and environmental factors, these new projects seek to create coexistence and co-development that improves the quality of life in cities from their very design, as a way to help combat social inequalities, but also to help the cities’ sustainability.
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O'Donnell, Emily. Delivering multiple co-benefits in Blue-Green Cities. Royal Geographical Society (with IBG), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55203/pclw1513.
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Global cities face a range of water challenges, driven by increasingly frequent and extreme storm events, drier summers, accelerating urbanisation and reductions in public green space. Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) and Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are increasingly being used to address challenges across the full water spectrum while tackling social, economic and environmental issues. In April 2021, the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) hosted an online knowledge exchange event to explore the multiple co-benefits of Blue-Green Cities, and how these can overcome the biophysical, socio-political and societal barriers to innovation in urban flood and water management. This briefing paper draws together discussion from that event, framed by geographical research in the Blue-Green Cities (www.bluegreencities.ac.uk) and Urban Flood Resilience (www.urbanfloodresilience.ac.uk) projects, to give recommendations to enable greater implementation of BGI in policy and practice.
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Kallas, Diana. The Magic Potion of Austerity and Poverty Alleviation: Narratives of political capture and inequality in the Middle East and North Africa. Oxfam, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8298.
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Dominant narratives promoting economic growth at the expense of state institutions and basic social services have long underpinned a neoliberal model of spiralling debt and austerity in the MENA region. This exacerbates political capture and inequality and takes shape in an environment of media concentration and shrinking civic space. It is important for change movements to understand dominant narratives in order to challenge and shift them. With the right tools, civil society organizations, activists, influencers and alternative media can start changing the myths and beliefs which frame the socio-economic debate and predetermine which policy options are accepted as possible and legitimate, and which are not.
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Droogan, Julian, Lise Waldek, Brian Ballsun-Stanton, and Jade Hutchinson. Mapping a Social Media Ecosystem: Outlinking on Gab & Twitter Amongst the Australian Far-right Milieu. RESOLVE Network, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/remve2022.6.
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Attention to the internet and the online spaces in which violent extremists interact and spread content has increased over the past decades. More recently, that attention has shifted from understanding how groups like the self-proclaimed Islamic State use the internet to spread propaganda to understanding the broader internet environment and, specifically, far-right violent extremist activities within it. This focus on how far right violent extremist—including far-right racially and ethnically motivated violent extremists (REMVEs) within them—create, use, and exploit the online networks in which they exist to promote their hateful ideology and reach has largely focused on North America and Europe. However, in recent years, examinations of those online dynamics elsewhere, including in Australia, is increasing. Far right movements have been active in Australia for decades. While these movements are not necessarily extremist nor violent, understanding how violent far right extremists and REMVEs interact within or seek to exploit these broader communities is important in further understanding the tactics, reach, and impact of REMVEs in Australia. This is particularly important in the online space access to broader networks of individuals and ideas is increasingly expanding. Adding to a steadily expanding body of knowledge examining online activities and networks of both broader far right as well as violent extremist far right populations in Australia, this paper presents a data-driven examination of the online ecosystems in which identified Australian far-right violent extremists exist and interact,1 as mapped by user generated uniform resource locators (URL), or ‘links’, to internet locations gathered from two online social platforms—Twitter and Gab. This link-based analysis has been used in previous studies of online extremism to map the platforms and content shared in online spaces and provide further detail on the online ecosystems in which extremists interact. Data incorporating the links was automatically collected from Twitter and Gab posts from users existing within the online milieu in which those identified far right extremists were connected. The data was collected over three discrete one-month periods spanning 2019, the year in which an Australian far right violent extremist carried out the Christchurch attack. Networks of links expanding out from the Twitter and Gab accounts were mapped in two ways to explore the extent and nature of the online ecosystems in which these identified far right Australian violent extremists are connected, including: To map the extent and nature of these ecosystems (e.g., the extent to which other online platforms are used and connected to one another), the project mapped where the most highly engaged links connect out to (i.e., website domain names), and To explore the nature of content being spread within those ecosystems, what sorts of content is found at the end of the most highly engaged links. The most highly engaged hashtags from across this time are also presented for additional thematic analysis. The mapping of links illustrated the interconnectedness of a social media ecosystem consisting of multiple platforms that were identified as having different purposes and functions. Importantly, no links to explicitly violent or illegal activity were identified among the top-most highly engaged sites. The paper discusses the implications of the findings in light of this for future policy, practice, and research focused on understanding the online ecosystems in which identified REMVE actors are connected and the types of thematic content shared and additional implications in light of the types of non-violent content shared within them.
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Anderson, Colin, John Gaventa, Jenny Edwards, Anuradha Joshi, Niranjan Nampoothiri, and Emilie Wilson. Against the Odds: Action for Empowerment and Accountability in Challenging Contexts. Institute of Development Studies, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/a4ea.2022.001.
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How and under what conditions does citizen-led social and political action contribute to empowerment and accountability? What are the strategies used, and with what outcomes, especially in settings which are democratically weak, politically fragile and affected by legacies of violence and conflict? The A4EA programme has explored these questions in Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria and Pakistan over five years between 2016-2021. This paper presents the key findings and policy and practice implications from this research across the themes of space for citizen action; citizen-governance relations; women’s political participation and collective action; citizen-led strategies for empowerment and accountability; and enabling citizen action. It also shares important lessons drawn from A4EA experience on conducting and communicating research in complex political contexts like these, and for research consortia. Whilst the research conclusions are drawn from A4EA’s four focus countries, in an increasingly fragile and authoritarian world, the findings are becoming pertinent for more and more contexts across the globe.
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Sohane, Nidhi, Ruchika Lall, Ashwatha Chandran, Rasha Hasan Lala, Namrata Kapoor, and Harshal Deepak Gajjar. Home as Workplace: A Spatial Reading of Work-Homes. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/hwsrwh10.2021.
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When home serves as workplace, the interface of domestic and productive spheres has spatial and social effects on various users of the space, scaling at times to the neighbourhood and the city. This study looks at all the ways in which home aids work — spatially and infrastructurally — and illustrates the role of various factors and actors in engaging with and shaping the work-home boundary. Work-homes in the Global South often engage transversally with formal planning. Users of work-homes exercise their agency in complex ways to maneuver the work-home boundary, often making post-facto modifications to the work-home. The study collates a repository of spatial and temporal innovation strategies devised by users to balance domestic and productive spheres in their homes, as a site to derive lessons for planning, housing policy and architecture. It investigates the role of the state in spatially enabling or limiting work-homes, and using the Indian context as an illustrative example, suggests enabling frameworks in planning that address the spatial particularities of work-homes
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White, Jessica. Consensus vs. Complexity: Challenges of Adaptability for the UN Security Council’s Counter-Terrorism Framework & the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda. RESOLVE Network, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/sfi2022.3.
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United Nations (UN) counter-terrorism (CT) policies are challenged by the emergence and resurgence of different threat profiles on the security horizon because its response framework is focused on one type of terrorism and violent extremism (T/VE) threat. As there is increasing focus on the threat of extreme right-wing T/VE in the current social and political context in the West, for example, the challenges of adaptability and transferability become apparent. This is often due to the lack of flexibility and nuance of the conversation around CT at the UN level. This same lack of consideration for complexity can be exemplified through the case of the UN Security Council’s (UNSC) Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda and the subsequent application of gender mainstreaming strategies. The WPS agenda was introduced with UNSC Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 in 2000 and developed over the next two decades with the adoption of nine follow-on resolutions. The increasing visibility of the impacts of terrorist groups on women and girls, and the articulation by some groups of a strategy that specifically targeted gender equality or utilized narratives promoting the subjugation of women, created greater momentum to push for the integration of the WPS and CT agendas, reflected most significantly in UNSCR 2242. However, even with this necessary focus on the protection and empowerment of women in the peace and security space, there has often been a more limited policy conversation around the wider gender perspective and analysis needed to effectively implement gender mainstreaming strategies. There needs to be increased attention given to understanding how socio-culturally defined gender roles and expectations impact how and why every individual engages with T/VE. Additionally, research is needed on how the wider gender equality goal of gender mainstreaming strategies can be implemented This research brief examines the adaptability and transferability of the last two decades of UN CT legal and policy frameworks and architecture to the evolving threat landscape.
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Omondi Okwany, Clifford Collins. Territoriality as a Method for Understanding Armed Groups in Kenya and Strengthening Policy Responses. RESOLVE Network, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2023.1.lpbi.
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This policy note explores the characteristics of community-based armed groups (CBAGs) unique to the Kenyan context through a comparison of local CBAGs with other nonstate armed groups, particularly violent extremist organizations (VEOs). In doing so, it introduces the concept of territoriality—the degree to which government and security agents are able to monopolize political, social, and security control of spaces—and suggests that both CBAGs and VEOs are most likely to thrive in Kenya under conditions of semi-territoriality, where state authority sometimes shifts fluidly from strong to weak depending on capacity or interest. To combat the rise of VEOs it recommends community-oriented policing as a devolved security strategy, strengthening relations between civil society and the police through the Police Reforms Working Group Kenya (PRWGK), helping to monitor and evaluate the police service. Additionally, mapping CBAGs and VEOs through clan structures is a community-oriented strategy that helps strengthen territoriality and counter semi-territoriality.
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Greenberg, Jane, Samantha Grabus, Florence Hudson, Tim Kraska, Samuel Madden, René Bastón, and Katie Naum. The Northeast Big Data Innovation Hub: "Enabling Seamless Data Sharing in Industry and Academia" Workshop Report. Drexel University, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/d8159v.
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Increasingly, both industry and academia, in fields ranging from biology and social sciences to computing and engineering, are driven by data (Provost & Fawcett, 2013; Wixom, et al, 2014); and both commercial success and academic impact are dependent on having access to data. Many organizations collecting data lack the expertise required to process it (Hazen, et al, 2014), and, thus, pursue data sharing with researchers who can extract more value from data they own. For example, a biosciences company may benefit from a specific analysis technique a researcher has developed. At the same time, researchers are always on the search for real-world data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness of their methods. Unfortunately, many data sharing attempts fail, for reasons ranging from legal restrictions on how data can be used—to privacy policies, different cultural norms, and technological barriers. In fact, many data sharing partnerships that are vital to addressing pressing societal challenges in cities, health, energy, and the environment are not being pursued due to such obstacles. Addressing these data sharing challenges requires open, supportive dialogue across many sectors, including technology, policy, industry, and academia. Further, there is a crucial need for well-defined agreements that can be shared among key stakeholders, including researchers, technologists, legal representatives, and technology transfer officers. The Northeast Big Data Innovation Hub (NEBDIH) took an important step in this area with the recent "Enabling Seamless Data Sharing in Industry and Academia" workshop, held at Drexel University September 29-30, 2016. The workshop brought together representatives from these critical stakeholder communities to launch a national dialogue on challenges and opportunities in this complex space.
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Holland, Jeremy. Creating Spaces to Take Action on Violence Against Women and Girls in the Philippines: Integrated Impact Evaluation Report. Oxfam GB, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9899.
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The Creating Spaces project was a five-year, multi-country initiative aimed at reducing violence against women and girls and the prevalence of child, early and forced marriage in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan and the Philippines. This evaluation focuses on tackling social norm change in the Muslim Mindanao region of the Philippines, working closely with the organizations AMWA, UnyPhil, PBSP and PLCPD. It found that strategies were effectively combined at community level to begin to shift local behaviours, while local change processes were linked to higher-level advocacy for progressive legislative and policy change at national and regional levels. Creating Spaces has successfully started to move the dial, proving change is possible with concerted, strategic and sustained effort. This evaluation provides key recommendations to guide future interventions to build on these successes, and create the basis for future social transformation around violence against women and girls and child, early and forced marriage. Find out more by reading the evaluation brief or the full report.