Journal articles: 'Social Policy, Social Welfare'

1

Brasfield, James M. "American Social Welfare Policy." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 11, no. 3 (1986): 546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-11-3-546.

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Weiss-Gal, Idit, and John Gal. "Social workers’ attitudes towards social welfare policy." International Journal of Social Welfare 16, no. 4 (February 21, 2007): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2007.00492.x.

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Wang, Jiun-Hao, and Szu-Yung Wang. "Indigenous Social Policy and Social Inclusion in Taiwan." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 3458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123458.

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Social exclusion problems are inevitable in achieving social sustainability. Minorities or indigenous people encounter social exclusion from mainstream society in many countries. However, relatively little is known about the multiple disadvantages in different social welfare domains experienced by these indigenes. The objective of this study is to address indigenous social exclusion by focusing on their access to social welfare benefits. Data used in this study were drawn from the Social Change and Policy of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples Survey, which included 2040 respondents. Logistic regression results revealed that, compared with their counterparts, the likelihood of being excluded from social welfare payments is higher for those who are plains indigenes, live outside of designated indigenous areas and participate less in local organizations. Besides varying the effects of ordinary explanatory variables on social exclusion across different exclusion models, this study further provides empirical evidence of the multidimensional disadvantages of indigenous peoples in receiving needed social welfare benefits.

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Witzum, Amos, and Yew-Kwang Ng. "Social Welfare and Economic Policy." Economic Journal 102, no. 410 (January 1992): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234868.

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Berthoud, Richard. "Welfare policy and social security." Policy Studies 11, no. 1 (March 1990): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442879008423557.

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Chamlin, Mitchell B., Melissa W. Burek, and John K. Cochran. "Welfare Policy as Social Control." Criminal Justice Policy Review 18, no. 2 (June 2007): 132–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403406294950.

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Dempsey, D. J. "Shifts in Social Welfare Policy." Social Work 51, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/51.2.189.

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Jensen, Niels Rosendal. "Welfare words: critical social work & social policy." European Journal of Social Work 22, no. 6 (April 22, 2019): 1101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2019.1607019.

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Morley, Christine, and Selma McFarlane. "Welfare words: Critical social work & social policy." Critical and Radical Social Work 7, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204986019x15659538793181.

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Wilson, Tina E. "Welfare Words: Critical Social Work and Social Policy." Journal of Progressive Human Services 30, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10428232.2019.1670004.

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Garrett, Paul Michael. "Welfare words: Critical social work & social policy." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 31, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol31iss1id596.

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12

Wincott, D. "Social Policy and Social Citizenship: Britain's Welfare States." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjj004.

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13

Lees, A. "Social Reform, Social Policy and Social Welfare in Modern Germany." Journal of Social History 23, no. 1 (September 1, 1989): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/23.1.167.

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14

Reisch, Michael, and Karen M. Staller. "Teaching Social Welfare History and Social Welfare Policy From a Conflict Perspective." Journal of Teaching in Social Work 31, no. 2 (April 29, 2011): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08841233.2011.562134.

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15

Dannreuther, Charles. "Silencing the social: Debt and depletion in UK social policy." Capital & Class 43, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 599–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816819880793.

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This article draws on a social reproduction approach to examine how debt informed the development of UK welfare provision. A brief history of the Public Works Loan Board introduces its centrality not only in the delivering of welfare institutions but also in the typographies and social values that informed welfare policies. The depletion of social care services today may be evident in the extensive use of debt to deliver social policy across the United Kingdom. However, in the past access to publicly backed borrowing enabled local authorities to deliver social rights that had been legislated for by central government. We can therefore see that it was not debt but its democratic accountability that played a central role in the changing fortunes of the UK’s welfare state.

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de Swaan, Abram. "Perspectives for Transnational Social Policy." Government and Opposition 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1992.tb00765.x.

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WELFARE STATES ARE NATIONAL STATES, AND IN EVERY country welfare is a national concern, circumscribed by the nation's borders and reserved for its residents alone. In the course of centuries, these states have emerged from and against one another, in mutual competition, and in the past century this process of state formation in the West went in tandem with the collectivization of care. The welfare state is the national state in its latest phase. It may be succeeded by another stage which we may eventually see.

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FARNSWORTH, KEVIN, and CHRIS HOLDEN. "The Business-Social Policy Nexus: Corporate Power and Corporate Inputs into Social Policy." Journal of Social Policy 35, no. 3 (June 26, 2006): 473–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279406009883.

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It is increasingly impossible to understand and explain the shape and delivery of contemporary social policy unless we consider the role of business. Several factors have been at work here. First, many of the changes in social policy introduced since the 1970s have been in response either to business demands or more general concerns about national competitiveness and the needs of business. Second, globalisation has increased corporate power within states, leading to transformations in social and fiscal policies. Third, business has been incorporated into the management of many areas of the welfare state by governments keen to control expenditure and introduce private sector values into services. Fourth, welfare services, from hospitals to schools, have been increasingly opened up to private markets. Despite all this, the issues of business influence and involvement in social policy has been neglected in the literature. This article seeks to place corporate power and influence centre-stage by outlining and critically reflecting on the place of business within contemporary welfare states, with a particular focus on the UK. Business, it argues, is increasingly important to welfare outcomes and needs to be taken into account more fully within the social policy literature.

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18

葉崇揚, 葉崇揚, and 古允文古允文. "社會政策與社會工作專業之間的連結：以英國為例." 社會工作與社會福利學刊 1, no. 1 (December 2023): 81–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/295861272022120001003.

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本文目的在於以英國為例，嘗試著說明社會政策治理邏輯的改變如何影響其福利服務輸送體系，進而影響社會工作專業發展，藉此說明社會工作專業發展是如何鑲嵌於特定的國家文化、歷史脈絡和政治經濟脈絡中。在方法上，我們採取歷史追蹤分析方法。本文研究結果發現如下，在戰後福利國家的黃金年代，在以社會行政為基礎的科層治理形塑社會工作的專業主義上，社會工作者對於社會服務使用者的需求評估和處遇擬定都受限於科層體系的規範，也就是那些進入社會工作和社會服務體系的公民的社會權是被專業科層體系和法律所規範。在1980年代之後，西方福利國家立基於新自由主義，而使其治理模式轉往以管理主義以強調效率和選擇等價值，也影響社會工作轉向以管理主義為基礎，在論述上，強調透過個案管理、賦權和使能等概念以強化和正當化對於效率和個人責任的重視。但是，同時，新管理主義在過度強調效率和個人責任的情況下，反而削弱了社會工作者和接受服務者的自主性。2000年之後，社會投資政策理念興起，使得社會政策治理邏輯改以新公共治理為主，不再強調最佳模式，而必須反映了治理客體的現實，因此強調共同生產和網絡治理，且社會工作者可在其中扮演服務協調與創新的角色，而使得未來社會工作教育可能會進一步強調夥伴關係和社會創新等等價值與概念。我們認為本文也提出一些未來研究的可能性，認為未來可以更進一步強化社會政策與社會工作之間的連結，並將台灣的社會工作專業體系置於國際比較的脈絡中。This article aims to identify linkages between social policy and social work. Over the past few decades in Taiwan, social workers and social work educators have emerged as formal professions. However, the relationship between social policy and social work is often ignored, particularly how social work (education) is developed and shaped by social policy. This is because in the process of professionalization and specialization, social policy and social work are treated independently, and the linkage between them goes unacknowledged. Social work studies often focus on micro-level social work practices and methods, and social work is rarely seen as a type of policy model or regime at the institutional level. As a result, social work is often regarded as single undifferentiated policy model, with social work systems and education presented as identical across the world. However, a growing number of comparative studies have identified significant cross-national variations in national social work systems due to idiosyncratic historical, cultural and political economic contexts. This raises the need for additional research on comparative social work systems. In this study, we argue that the key to studying the linkage between social policy and social work is using models of governance to analyze and understand how social work systems are developed and understood. Models of social policy governance influence how social work is practiced and how social work curricula are designed. The remainder of this study is structured as follows: Section two focuses on how hierarchical governance and new public management shapes social policy and social work systems. Section three examines the impact of new public governance on social investment for social work systems. Finally, section four summarises the influence of various models of social policy governance on the development of social work systems, and propose issues for future research. We identify three stages of welfare state development. In the Golden Age of the welfare state, the logic of social administration underpins the model of social policy governance and broader hierarchical governance. The rights and obligations of welfare benefits as well as social work practices were legislatively regulated, along with the relationship between social workers and their clients, resulting in the professionalization of social work. In this stage, client assessments and treatments were be regulated to discipline client behavior and attitudes. However, with the neoliberalism of the Thatcher and Reagan governments, respectively in the UK and the USA, the welfare state shifted towards a workfare state, and the models of social policy governance shifted to a new public management paradigm. The welfare state discursively began to emphasize the role of the market in welfare provision, stressing values such as efficiency and choice, and embedding a managerialist approach in social policy governance. Social work practices and education were therefore transformed, and social workers were/are often regarded and trained as case managers, emphasizing concepts such as case management, choice, empowerment and enablement. Moreover, the relationship between social workers and clients was also transformed into a “manager-consumer” duality, in which the rights and obligations of welfare benefits are regulated by contracts and market mechanisms. This transformed the role of the client into that of the consumer. Third, after 2000, the emergence of social investment concepts has driven the emergence of a new approach to public governance in response to new social risks and the complexities of social problems, raising multiple obstacles to clients accessing welfare benefits. This new public governance pushes concepts of co-production and network governance to cope with social complexities and the emergence of new social risks. This has naturally changed the role of social workers in the provision of welfare provisions from case managers into coordinators of resources and services and policy innovators. The role of welfare beneficiaries is neither client nor consumer, but rather a stakeholder in the coordination and innovation of welfare provisions. In this study, we show that social work practices and education are not identical but are rather shaped by social policy governance and political economic contexts. We compare three models of social policy governance in terms of how social work practices and education are shaped, and propose issues for future research. First, additional attention should focus on the linkage between social policy and social work to provide a better understanding of the development of social work and social work education. Second, the development of social work in Taiwan should be examined in comparison to international practices.

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19

MISHRA, RAMESH. "Richard Titmuss and Social Policy." Journal of Social Policy 31, no. 4 (October 2002): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279402006815.

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David Reisman, Richard Titmuss: Welfare and Society (2nd edn), Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001, vii+307 pp., £50.00.Peter Alcock, Howard Glennerster, Ann Oakley & Adrian Sinfield (eds.), Welfare and Well-Being: Richard Titmuss's Contribution to Social Policy, Bristol: Policy, 2001, vi+249 pp., £16.99 pbk.

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20

Martin, Greg. "Social movements, welfare and social policy: a critical analysis." Critical Social Policy 21, no. 3 (August 2001): 361–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026101830102100305.

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21

Smith, Susan J. "Social geography: social policy and the restructuring of welfare." Progress in Human Geography 13, no. 1 (March 1989): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913258901300106.

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22

Barofsky, Ivan. "Disability, work and social policy: Models for social welfare." Patient Education and Counseling 7, no. 1 (March 1985): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-3991(85)90029-1.

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23

Stone, Deborah A. "Disability, work and social policy: Models for social welfare." Social Science & Medicine 20, no. 1 (January 1985): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(85)90324-7.

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24

Jessop, Bob. "SOCIAL POLICY, STATE, AND ‘SOCIETY’." SER Social 15, no. 33 (March 8, 2014): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/ser_social.v15i33.13047.

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This contribution explores the relations among social policy, the state and ‘society’ in the light of recent changes in capitalist social formations, including the increasing integration of the world market and the increasing significance of ‘world society’ as the ultimate horizon of communication, calculation, and policy deliberations. It builds on my earlier work on welfare state restructuring but updates it in four ways. First, it provides stronger foundations for analyses of welfare regimes in the nature of capitalism, looking beyond a general critique of the capitalist mode of production to consider specific configurations of capitalist social formations and their insertion into the world market. Second, it extends my earlier work beyond the economies of Atlantic Fordism and their crises to include export-oriented economies and developmental states and the differential implications for welfare regimes of knowledge-based economies and finance-dominated regimes as potential bases of post-Fordist accumulation. Third, especially in relation to finance-dominated accumulation, it considers the problematic status of the welfare state and/or social policy in neoliberal regimes that are strongly inserted into a competitive world market. And, fourth, it addresses the status of ‘global social policy’ as a response to the integration of the world market and the emergence of ‘world society’. The contribution ends with some general conclusions about the study of welfare regimes.

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25

Leinbach, Raymond M. "All Social Welfare Policy Is Rational." Journal of Teaching in Social Work 3, no. 1 (June 8, 1989): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j067v03n01_06.

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26

McNutt, John G., and Goutham Menon. "Electronic Democracy and Social Welfare Policy." Social Policy Journal 2, no. 4 (June 2003): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j185v02n04_07.

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Bergin, James. "Patent policy, investment and social welfare." International Journal of Industrial Organization 61 (November 2018): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2018.08.007.

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28

Sherraden, Michael. "FULL EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 11, no. 1/2/3 (January 1991): 192–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb013133.

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McNutt, John. "Political Blogging and Social Welfare Policy." Journal of Policy Practice 6, no. 1 (February 5, 2007): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j508v06n01_06.

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30

Cubitt, Robin P. "Economic policy precommitment and social welfare." Journal of Public Economics 49, no. 2 (November 1992): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(92)90019-c.

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Cubitt, Robin P. "Economic policy precommitment and social welfare." Journal of Public Economics 50, no. 3 (March 1993): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(93)90098-e.

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32

Dickens, Jonathan. "Social Policy, Social Welfare and Scandal: How British Public Policy is Made." Child Family Social Work 9, no. 1 (February 2004): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2004.00317.x.

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33

HOGGETT, PAUL. "Agency, Rationality and Social Policy." Journal of Social Policy 30, no. 1 (January 2001): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400006152.

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The recent concern to develop a radical but critical account of agency in social policy is to be welcomed. However this article questions whether the work of A. Giddens can provide an adequate foundation for such a project. Giddens's account of the welfare subject contains several weaknesses. It is voluntaristic and yet paradoxically it cannot offer an adequate understanding of radical change. It is also rationalistic and assumes the existences of a unitary and knowledgeable subject. As a consequence there is a danger that social policy develops a lop-sided model of agency which is insufficiently sensitive to the passionate, tragic and contradictory dimensions of human experience. A robust account of the active welfare subject must be prepared to confront the real experiences of powerlessness and psychic injury which result from injustice and oppression and acknowledge human capacities for destructiveness towards self and others. Only by exploring these different subject positions – victim, ‘own worst enemy’ and creative, reflexive agent – can we develop an understanding of the welfare subject which is optimistic without being naive.

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34

Révauger, Jean-Paul. "The Influence of Culture and of Institutional Factors in Social Policy: French Social Policy in Martinique." Social Policy and Society 1, no. 4 (September 12, 2002): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746402004025.

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The standards and structure of social policy in Martinique are now very similar to those in France. However, in spite of its funding by France, welfare remains problematic. Although the staff are local, the structure and concepts are French, which technically makes policy implementation difficult, and creates uneasiness. The implementation of French welfare in Martinique runs counter to the local politics of identity and the drive for autonomy. Welfare focuses the chief ambiguity of Martinique, which craves for local control, but would like to maintain the current level of funding from Europe.

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DEACON, ALAN, and KIRK MANN. "Agency, Modernity and Social Policy." Journal of Social Policy 28, no. 3 (June 1999): 413–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279499005644.

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The focus of this article is upon the recent revival of interest in human agency within both sociological and social policy debates. There is a striking resonance between the increasing attention paid to individual behaviour within normative debates about welfare and the concern of some sociologists with the moral and ethical dilemmas that confront the individual in contemporary society. These two sets of arguments are not compatible. Indeed the analyses they present are contradictory. Moralists such as Etzioni, Field and Mead share a belief in the need to restructure welfare in ways that encourage and reward responsible behaviour. In contrast, sociologists such as Bauman, Beck and Giddens suggest that such endeavours could prove to be both futile and dangerous.Attempts to address issues of agency face formidable obstacles and arouse genuine fears that they will serve to endorse a punitive and atavistic individualism. It is these fears, however, which have constrained and confined the debate about welfare in the post-war years. The revival of agency creates opportunities for a social science which is more sensitive to the activities of poor people whilst reflecting more fully the difference and diversity which characterises contemporary British society.

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Cesnuityte, Vida. "Social Security and Welfare: Concepts and Comparisons (Introducing Social Policy)." Sociological Research Online 12, no. 2 (March 2007): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136078040701200201.

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37

MULVEY, GARETH. "Social Citizenship, Social Policy and Refugee Integration: a Case of Policy Divergence in Scotland?" Journal of Social Policy 47, no. 1 (May 11, 2017): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279417000253.

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AbstractThe relationship between Holyrood and Westminster is an evolving one where there is some evidence of policy divergence. Underpinning policy approaches are different views of social citizenship, with the Holyrood approach maintaining elements of the post-1945 welfare settlement. The place of refugees and asylum seekers within these differing approaches is currently underexplored. This article looks at the Scottish and UK Governments’ views of social rights and how they apply to asylum seekers and refugees. It suggests that despite refugee ‘policy’ being at least partly reserved, the Scottish Government has been able to take a different approach from that of Westminster, an approach underpinned by these differing welfare outlooks.

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Weiss-Gal, Idit, and John Gal. "Social Welfare Policy: Preferences of Arab and Jewish Social Workers in Israel." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 89, no. 1 (January 2008): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3717.

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Seeking to understand the impact of race and nationality on the attitudes of social workers towards social welfare policy, this study compares the attitudes of Arab and Jewish social workers in Israel. This analysis seeks to determine whether the attitudes of the two groups of social workers diverge and, if so, in what direction. Based on a sample of 110 social workers, evenly divided between Arabs and Jews, the findings revealed both similarities and differences in the social welfare policy references of the two groups of social workers. Although both supported the welfare state, they also expressed a lack of enthusiasm to finance it and a degree of skepticism regarding its impact. In contrast to their Jewish counterparts, Arab social workers were more supportive of the welfare state but did not support policies that were perceived as unsupportive of Arabs.

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Decataldo, Alessandra, Anna Grimaldi, Daniela Luisi, and Mara Tognetti Bordogna. "Social work education e valutazione delle politiche pubbliche." Sinappsi 12, no. 2 (2022): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.53223/sinappsi_2022-02-7.

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Il contributo si propone di analizzare gli usi della ricerca e della valutazione per qualificare il fare professionale degli/delle assistenti sociali e migliorare gli strumenti del welfare locale. Buone programmazioni territoriali necessitano di migliorare le scelte di policy e definire i contenuti del lavoro sociale come policy practice. La social work education, come ambito formativo e di ricerca, può veicolare temi rilevanti quali la partecipazione, l’advocacy, la co-produzione (co-progettare e co-programmare) e la ricerca valutativa applicata alle politiche di welfare locale.

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Jorg Michael, Dostal. "The Developmental Welfare State and Social Policy: Shifting From Basic to Universal Social Protection." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 25, no. 3 (December 31, 2010): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps25308.

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Most people would agree that developing countries should advance from basic, informal, and insecure welfare provision toward universal, formal, and secure welfare regimes. This article examines how analytical concepts of developmental statehood and developmental welfare statehood might be applied to this issue. In particular, how is it possible to combine economic and social development objectives in a mutually beneficial manner? The article reviews the history of both concepts and some of their shortcomings; examines policy features of developmental (welfare) statehood, focusing on the examples of South Korea and four other countries that have frequently been referred to as "East Asian welfare regimes"; and explores some policy options for developing countries seeking to expand their economic and social policy-making capabilities.

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41

Pasolli, Lisa. "Talking Tax to Social Policy Historians." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 31, no. 1 (November 9, 2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1083631ar.

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When it comes to the links between taxation and social policy, the growth of the welfare state, funded by income tax, is the obvious starting point. But in Give and Take, Tillotson goes far beyond the obvious. In her hands, the tax system has complex “welfare effects.” Looking through the tax lens, Tillotson gives us fresh perspectives on the origins, politics, and consequences of social welfare programs, as well as the negotiation of social citizenship rights and obligations. In this essay, I also suggest Give and Take points us towards a relatively unexplored set of questions about the history of social policy in twentieth-century Canada, namely how the tax system and especially tax expenditures have been used to achieve social policy objectives.

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42

Stern, Mark J. "Michael Katz's Contribution to Social and Social Welfare History." Social Science History 41, no. 4 (2017): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2017.32.

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Michael Katz began work on social welfare during the late 1970s with a project entitled “The Casualties of Industrialization.” That project led to a series of essays, Poverty and Policy in American History (Katz 1983), and a few years later to In the Shadow of the Poorhouse (Katz 1986). His reading in twentieth-century literature for Shadow—and the ideological and policy nostrums of the Reagan administration—allowed Katz to pivot to two books that frame contemporary welfare debates in their historical context—The Undeserving Poor in 1989 and The Price of Citizenship in 2001, as well as a set of essays Improving Poor People (Katz 1995) that he published between the two.

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43

Barr, Nicholas. "Economic Welfare and Social Justice." Journal of Social Policy 14, no. 2 (April 1985): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400014501.

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AbstractTwo results are established in this paper. First, economic efficiency is an appropriate aim of policy under most definitions of social justice, including those of libertarians, utilitarians, Rawls and socialists; an increase in efficiency, in other words, can raise social welfare under all these theories of social justice. Second, when production is fixed, no distribution can be socially just unless it is also efficient. Though the weight it is given will vary under different definitions of social justice, economic efficiency is therefore not simply a constituent aim of utilitarianism, but an important goal, whatever one's ideology. Considerations of efficiency are therefore of general relevance to the formulation of social policy.

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44

Bennett, Fran. "Social Policy Digest." Journal of Social Policy 25, no. 2 (April 1996): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400000337.

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A new chief executive of the Benefits Agency, and a new chairperson of the Social Security Advisory Committee, have been appointed. In its response to the Social Security Committee's recent report on social security expenditure, the government revealed that by 1992/3, 30 per cent of individuals were living in households receiving at least one means-tested benefit. In November 1994, there were 5.7 million income support claimants, with just under 1 million partners and 3.2 million other dependants; almost 1.7 million claimants had one or more deductions from their weekly income support (25:1/97, 1.7; 24:3/95, 1.3). In May 1994, more than 3 million people had been claiming income support for more than two years (24:2/94, 1.1). An Institute of Economic Affairs (EEA) report claimed that recent governments' tax and benefit policies have played a central role in increasing welfare dependency.

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Mooney, Gerry, and Gill Scott. "Social Justice, Social Welfare and Devolution: Nationalism and Social Policy Making in Scotland." Poverty & Public Policy 3, no. 4 (January 16, 2011): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1944-2858.1109.

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Mok, Ka Ho, and Maggie Lau. "The Quest for Sustainable Livelihoods: Social Development Challenges and Social Policy Responses in Guangzhou, China." Social Policy and Society 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2014): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746413000638.

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China's welfare system has been a typical ‘residual welfare regime’, but the economic reform and market-oriented transformations in recent decades have weakened the original well-balanced ‘residual’ and ‘needs’ pattern. Marketisation of social welfare has intensified social inequality as those who are less competitive in the market-oriented economy have encountered tremendous financial burdens in meeting their welfare needs. In order to rectify the social problems and tensions generated from the process of marketisation of social welfare, the Chinese government has adopted different policy measures to address the pressing welfare demands from the citizens. This article examines how a local government in Guangzhou, capital city of Guangdong province, has responded to the call of the central government in promoting social harmony in the context of growing welfare regionalism emerging in mainland China. More specifically, with reference to a case study of Guangzhou, this article discusses how Guangzhou residents assess their social welfare needs and expectations, and how they evaluate the municipal government's major welfare strategies. It also reflects upon the role of the state in welfare provision and social protection, especially when many social welfare and social services have been marketised in the last few decades in China.

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Lieberman, Robert C., Helen Ingram, and Anne L. Schneider. "Social Construction (Continued)." American Political Science Review 89, no. 2 (June 1995): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082436.

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In this Review in June 1993 Anne Schneider and Helen Ingram argued that the social construction of target populations is an important political and policy phenomenon. Robert Lieberman criticizes Schneider and Ingram's “circular” conceptualization of public policy and social construction. He proposes a “historical-institutional” framework for understanding the role of group identities in political change. Lieberman analyzes the dual experience of African-Americans in the American welfare state as an example of political institutions and policy changes' affecting changing group constructions. Ingram and Schneider respond that their purpose is to understand how social constructions shape policy designs, which in turn affect citizen perceptions and participation, and argue that Lieberman's ideas of institutions and history yield no analytic improvement. They provide their own analysis of the case of welfare to illustrate the advantages for future research of their conception of policy targets.

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Mok, Ka Ho, and John Hudson. "Managing Social Change and Social Policy in Greater China: Welfare Regimes in Transition?" Social Policy and Society 13, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746413000596.

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Discussion of welfare regimes and welfare state ideal types continues to dominate comparative social policy analysis, but the focus of the debate has expanded considerably since the publication of Esping-Andersen's (1990) groundbreaking The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Shifts in this debate have been prompted by a mixture of theoretical and empirical concerns raised by comparative social policy scholars, but they have also resulted from a more general internationalisation of social policy research agendas within the academy too. In particular, there has been a strong desire to expand the scope of the debate to encompass nations and regions not included in Esping-Andersen's initial study of just eighteen high income OECD states.

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Johnson, Paul. "Social Policy in Europe in the Twentieth Century." Contemporary European History 2, no. 2 (July 1993): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300000424.

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The 1980s proved to be a tough decade for European welfare states. The post-war ‘welfare consensus’, which perhaps had never been quite so strong or coherent as many contemporary historians and commentators had assumed, was finally laid to rest. The five great spectres identified by Beveridge want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness had not been humbled by public welfare provision despite its ever growing scale and cost. At the beginning of the 1980s the OECD published a report on The Welfare State in Crisis which pointed out that as welfare state expenditure had roughly doubled as a percentage of national income in most west European countries since the late 1950s, so economic growth rates had plummeted. The European welfare states appeared to produce few positive welfare benefits, and this minimal achievement was produced at enormous cost which was to the detriment of overall economic growth and societal well-being.

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Stephens, John D., and Sven E. Olsson. "Social Policy and Welfare State in Sweden." Contemporary Sociology 21, no. 2 (March 1992): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2075425.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Social Policy, Social Welfare'

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