Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Social perception'
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Hunter, John Alexander. "Social identity and social perception." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260838.
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Hancock, Danyel. "Social perception and performance." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000347.
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Ricciardelli, Paola. "Gaze perception and social attention." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342292.
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DeBusk, Kendra Portia Adrienne Howard. "Emotional intelligence, personality, social networks, and social perception." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3452.
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Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a relatively new concept in the field of psychology, introduced by Salovey and Mayer in 1990. Research on EI has found associations among EI and social network size, health and well-being, and job performance.(Austin, Saklofske, & Egan, 2003; Brackett, Mayer, & Warner, 2003; Petrides & Furnham, 2003; Saklofske, Austin, & Minski, 2001). Two different types of EI, trait EI and ability EI, have been identified in the literature. Trait EI was identified by Petrides and Furnham, and is a non-cognitive ability which allows an individual to regulate his/her mood, recognize and make the most of emotions, and utilize social skills, and is measured by self report. Ability EI is the ability of an individual to understand, generate, and manage emotions. Ability EI is measured using a performance measure which assesses the capacity of an individual to perceive emotions in him/herself, others, and the environment. Emotional intelligence has been linked to aspects of well-being, such as social network quality. In order to examine how EI related to social networks, both trait and ability EI were measured along with the Big Five factors of personality and social network quality and size. A study of 268 participants investigated the relationships amongst trait EI, personality, and social network quality and size. The Big Five factors of personality were all significantly positively correlated with EI (p< .01), and were also significantly correlated with social network quality and size. EI was significantly related to social network quality and size. When controlling for personality, EI was no longer significantly correlated with any of the social network quality or size variables. A subset of participants (n=78) completed an ability measure of EI, the Mayer Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). There were no significant correlations between MSCEIT scores and any of the other variables. A follow-up study was then carried out looking at the relationship of the original study variables with ability EI (MSCEIT), life stress, measured using the Uplifts and Hassles scale, and depression, measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), in the original participants. The results from this study indicated that emotional stability was significantly correlated with the Uplifts portion of the life stress scale, but not with Hassles. Conscientiousness was significantly negatively correlated with both the Hassle subscale of life stress and the BDI score. Emotional stability was also significantly negatively correlated with the BDI score. The total ability EI score measured by the MSCEIT did not show significant relationships with any other variables. Given that EI has been linked to social network quality and size, and one of the facets of EI is the capacity of an individual to recognize emotions in others, it would seem that individuals who are high in EI should have larger and better quality social networks as they are theoretically able to recognize and appropriately respond to the emotions of others. In order to test this, a social perception inspection time task was carried out in which participants were required to identify if a face was happy, sad, or angry. The faces used were both Caucasian and Far-East Asian, the hypothesis being that a person high in EI would recognize the facially expressed emotions regardless of whether the face shown was of their own race or not. Results from this study indicated that EI was not related to correctly identifying facial expressions. The results of these studies are discussed along with suggestions for future research in this area.
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Stuart, Michael F. "Social perception and social skills in the classroom." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335443.
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Morrison, Danielle Knight. "Social perception of faces and bodies : the relationships among motivational salience, social perception, and hormones." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8515/.
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Social perception (i.e., the formation of impressions based on perceivable cues) of both faces and bodies is an integral part of social interaction and can influence and can be influenced by many variables, such as motivational salience (i.e., the amount of effort an individual will expend to continue viewing faces and bodies) and hormone levels of the perceiver. The first empirical chapter (i.e., Chapter 2) investigated social perception of faces and bodies using multiple trait ratings. First, participants rated face and body stimuli on the same 13 traits as those used in the seminal article on social perception of faces. Replicating previous work, I found that social perception of faces can be summarized by the two-component pattern of valence (i.e., intent to cause harm) and dominance (i.e., ability to cause harm). Social perception of bodies, though, can be summarized by one main component. Therefore, social perception of faces and bodies followed different, distinct patterns. The second empirical chapter (i.e., Chapter 3) investigated the relationship between the social perception components established in Chapter 2 and motivational salience. I assessed motivational salience using a standard key-press task in which participants could increase or decrease stimulus viewing time by pressing specified keys on the keyboard. Replicating previous work, valence and dominance positively and independently predicted the motivational salience of faces. Additionally, the one main social perception component of bodies positively predicted the motivational salience of bodies. The third empirical chapter (i.e., Chapter 4) investigated the relationship among the previously established social perception component of bodies, motivational salience of bodies, and hormone levels of the perceivers. I used the passive drool method of hormone measurement to determine exact hormone levels at five weekly test sessions. Similar to studies of faces, motivational salience of bodies was greater when testosterone was higher. While the one social perception component for bodies positively predicted motivational salience separately for male and female bodies, there was no interaction between testosterone and the social perception component, failing to conceptually replicate previous interactions between testosterone and stimulus valence. Overall, I first replicated the two-component social perception pattern of valence and dominance for faces before finding a different, one-component social perception pattern for bodies. In turn, each of these social perception components predicted motivational salience of faces and bodies. Additionally, motivational salience of bodies was greater when testosterone was high, but this effect was not qualified by the main social perception component for bodies. I conclude by discussing the similarities and differences between faces and bodies in this and other work on social perception and motivational salience.
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Ostojić, Ljerka. "Social cognition in a cooperative context : are perceptions of a social partner distinctly social?" Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607715.
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Santos, Isabel M. "Perception of social characteristics from faces." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403869.
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Emery, Nathan J. "Neuroethological studies of primate social perception." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15078.
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The neuroethological basis of social signals was investigated using a multidisciplinary approach, involving connectional and comparative analysis of anatomical data, single cell recording and behavioural techniques. Previous literature implicates the amygdala, anterior temporal and prefrontal cortex in primate social functions. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and cluster analysis were used to analyse the connectional relatedness of macaque cortico-cortical and amygdalo-cortical connections. This objective analysis separated the amygdala nuclei into two groups, the basolateral (BL) and centromedial (CM) complexes. A comparative analysis was made of the possible functions of the amygdala nuclei by correlating amygdala nuclear volume with 5 socio-ecological indices, across 44 primate species. The lateral basal (LB) nucleus and BL size was found to correlate positively with social complexity. CM size correlated negatively. The LB nucleus receives information from the STS, which contains visual neurons responsive to eyes, heads and bodies. These cells were assessed for coding of socially relevant information. Single cell recording localised within the macaque superior temporal sulcus (STS) revealed neurons responsive to specific views, elevations and orientations of the head, eye position, and specific views of bodies walking in specific directions and reaching to objects. The tuning of these neurons could therefore support the function of recognition of another's purposive behaviour (e.g. direction of attention or intention). Visually responsive neurons in the STS also differentiated faces of different species (i.e. monkeys, humans and other animals). Behavioural studies suggest that monkeys do not follow the direction of attention of humans, yet monkeys appear to have the neural capacity. A behavioural study using video stimuli, revealed that monkeys spontaneously follow other monkeys' gaze onto an object or point in space. It is concluded that the amygdala and STS are part of a neural system which enable monkeys to interpret another's gaze and actions within a purposive behavioural framework.
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Wallace, Scott Taylor. "The role of social standards, self-efficacy, and social feedback in social anxiety." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28306.
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The present study was conducted to examine the self-reported social standards of socially efficacious and non-efficacious individuals. Converging evidence from different research domains, including studies on self-attentional processes and standard-setting in performance motivation, suggests that the socially anxious person may have standards for him or herself that are beyond that person's perceived abilities; alternatively, standards may be so high that they are beyond the reach of even the most socially confident person.
Ninety-six male undergraduate students were dichotomized into low and high social-efficacy groups on the basis of their response to a measure of self-efficacy and anxiety in social situations. The subjects were told they would be interacting with a female research assistant in order to practice before meeting another subject. The success of the practice interaction was manipulated by varying the assistant's behavior and feedback by the experimenter so that subjects believed they handled the conversation well or not well; a third condition was included with no feedback. Subjects were asked to rate their standards using a visual scale that displayed different levels of social interaction. The standards rated were: (1) the level of interaction that they consider successful, (2) the level of interaction that they would be happy with, (3) the level of interaction they think the experimenter wants, and (4) the level of a typical interaction. Additional measures were included to assess other aspects of standard and to determine the success of the manipulations.
The results revealed that there is a consensus among high and low
social-efficacy persons of what constitutes a successful interaction. The distinguishing feature appeared to be what level of interaction high and low efficacy persons are happy with and the level of interaction they felt capable of achieving. Low efficacy subjects had lower expectations and lower minimum goals of satisfaction whereas high efficacy subjects expected to achieve a level of interaction at least as high as their personal standard and beyond the level that they thought most others achieve. Further, when the interaction was successful, high efficacy subjects thought the situation demanded a lower level of interaction than they were capable of; low efficacy subjects, given the same successful experience, reported the demands of the situation to be higher than they felt capable of.
The results hint at a dysfunctional standard-setting process in socially anxious persons whereby success is interpreted in a manner that may maintain anxiety. The implications that these results have for the treatment of shyness, and future directions for research on standard-setting are discussed.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Fisher, Claire. "Social perception of facial cues of adiposity." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8334/.
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Previous research suggests that facial characteristics associated with body mass index (BMI) play an important role in health and attractiveness judgments of faces. However, very little work has investigated the factors that predict individual differences in preferences for facial cues of adiposity or how these individual differences are related to social outcomes. In light of the above, the first two empirical chapters of this thesis investigated the relationships between individual differences in preferences for facial cues of adiposity and (1) the BMI of men’s and women’s actual romantic partners and (2) disgust sensitivity. Analyses suggested that people with particularly strong preferences for slim-looking faces were more likely to have partners with low BMI and that men, but not women, who scored higher on pathogen disgust showed stronger aversions to faces displaying cues associated with high BMI. The third chapter investigated how people integrate information from shape cues of adiposity and information from skin color when judging the health and attractiveness of faces. Analyses showed that preferences for cues of low BMI were particularly strong when assessing faces displaying skin color cues associated with the absence of illness. These results suggest that integrating information from shape cues of adiposity and information from skin color could allow people to distinguish between individuals with low BMI because they are healthy and those with low BMI due to illness. Most research investigating the role of facial cues of adiposity in social perception has focused on the possible role of facial adiposity as a health cue. However, it is also possible that facial cues of adiposity contain other types of information, such as information about a person’s reported sociosexual orientation (openness to short-term, uncommitted sexual relationships). To explore this issue, the fourth empirical chapter of my thesis investigated the relationship between facial correlates of BMI and women’s sociosexual orientation. Although analyses suggested that slimmer women reported greater openness to short-term, uncommitted sexual relationships, the observed relationships were weak and, thus, unlikely to play an important role in social interactions. Together these studies support the claim that responses to facial cues of adiposity are related to romantic partner choice and function to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy individuals.
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Lorimer, Angus F. "Social perception and executive function following stroke." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29228.
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Components of social perception include the ability to recognise and interpret both verbal and non-verbal emotional cues, such as vocal tone and facial expression. Functional brain imaging studies have shown that the frontal cortex of the brain is more active during tasks involving social and emotional perception (Baron-Cohen et ah, 1994). Individuals with frontal lobe lesions have been shown to have acquired difficulties in emotional and social functioning similar to those in which social functioning deficits are frequently observed, such as people with autism (Baron-Cohen, 1985). Difficulties in emotional perception has also been found in individuals who have sustained a brain injury (Cicone et ah, 1980). Additionally, acquired social perception deficits have been observed in stroke patients (Happe et ah, 1999). Executive functioning is also seen as being mediated by the frontal cortex (Dela Salla et ah, 1998). The aim of this present study was to investigate executive function and social perception in post-stroke individuals. The hypotheses were that stroke patients would show a reduced ability in social perception compared to matched controls and that executive functioning would be positively associated with social perception. Twenty-two individuals who had experienced a stroke were assessed on tasks of executive function and compared to a control group on tasks of emotional perception and social awareness. The results were analysed within and between groups and are discussed with reference to theories linking executive function and social perception with the frontal cortex. The findings of this present study indicated no significant differences in the recognition of emotion between individuals who have sustained lesions to the brain following stroke and age-matched controls. Also, no significant differences were found on tasks of social perception relative to controls. However, there is some evidence to suggest that the control group may have performed at an unexpectedly low level. Significant and positive associations were observed between executive function and both emotion recognition tasks and tasks of social perception. Methodological issues and conclusions are discussed.
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Holzleitner, Iris J. "Linking 3D face shape to social perception." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11970.
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Advances in computer graphic and statistical methods have made it possible to visualise global face shape correlates of social judgments. The current thesis used a data-driven approach to investigate face shape correlates and perception of two traits, masculinity and strength, both of which are important in mate choice and social perception more generally. The studies presented defined the influences of body physique (height, body mass index, body fat and muscle mass) on facial shape, and their effects on the perception of masculinity, attractiveness and strength. Study 1 investigated the face shape correlates of actual and perceived masculinity. I found that perceived masculinity is not only driven by sexually dimorphic shape, but also by cues to body height and weight. Men with taller and heavier bodies were perceived to have more masculine-looking faces. Study 2 investigated women's perception of male attractiveness as a function of masculine face shape. As previously assumed but not explicitly tested, I found that masculinity preferences followed a quadratic relationship: attractiveness increased with increasing masculinity levels, but dropped o. at higher levels of masculinity. In addition, I showed that the relative costs and benefits of high and low masculinity are affected by individual differences in own condition, perceived financial harshness and pathogen disgust. In Study 3, I found that perception of strength from faces is driven by facial cues to body physique; individuals with higher body bulk were perceived to be stronger. In men, it proved possible to further dissociate facial cues to muscle and fat mass which both contributed to strength perception. The thesis demonstrates that facial cues used in the evaluation of masculinity and strength are linked to bodily characteristics associated with sex differences and actual strength, namely height, weight, muscularity and adiposity. My findings therefore support the hypothesis that perceptions have an adaptive origin.
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Loegel, Anna. "La perception de la féminité et sa relation au maquillage." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100009/document.
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Ce travail de thèse questionne la perception de la féminité et sa relation au maquillage. Cette recherche est initiée par l’étude de l’impact du maquillage sur la modification d’une caractéristique du dimorphisme sexuel : le contraste facial (CF) (Russell, 2003, 2009). Nous avons démontré que malgré la pertinence du CF, celui-ci est insuffisant pour rendre compte du lien maquillage/féminité. Ces résultats nous interpellent quant à la seule présence du maquillage pour évaluer la féminité sans se référer aux caractéristiques biologiques. Le maquillage, par sa représentation sociale, est fortement lié à celle de la féminité. Le soin du corps qu’il représente en fait un élément central pour la féminité des femmes. Huguet et al. (2006) démontre l’existence d’un stéréotype « ce dont on a pris soin est bien » pouvant être activé par la présence de maquillage. Nous avons démontré l’existence d’une norme sociale astreignant les femmes à se maquiller pour être féminine, où le maquillage est une condition nécessaire pour obtenir non seulement des jugements de féminité élevés mais également un ensemble de caractéristiques positives. La perception de la féminité intègre dans son processus de réalisation à la fois des indices perceptifs mais fait également appel aux connaissances disponibles en mémoire, les stéréotypes, les représentations et les normes sociales rendues accessibles par le maquillage. Nous pouvons alors conclure que le maquillage n’est pas, par nature, féminin et positif mais qu’il est utilisé comme un élément de référence dans une conception multidimensionnelle de la féminitéThis project questions the perception of femininity and its relationship to make-up. It is prompted by the impact makeup has on the alteration of a sexual dimorphism characteristic : the facial contrast (FC) (Russell, 2003, 2009). We have shown that in spite the FC’s prominence, it remains insufficient to account for the link between make-up and femininity. The results challenge the presumption that makeup is present in assessing femininity, without taking into account biological characteristics. By its social representation, make-up is strongly linked to the idea of femininity. Because makeup is representative of self body-care in women, it becomes a central element for the representation of femininity. Huguet et al. (2006) demonstrates the existence of a stereotype such as « what has been cared for is good », which can be activated by the presence of makeup. We have demonstrated the existence of a social norm that compels women to wear make-up in order to be feminine exists, where makeup becomes a necessary condition for obtaining not only feminine judgements, but also a set of positive characteristics. The process of acknowledging the perception of femininity incorporates perceptive characteristics, as well as using available knowledge in memory, stereotypes, social representations and social norms brought to the fore by makeup. We can then conclude that make-up is not feminine and positive by nature, but that is used as a reference element in multi-dimensional perceptions of femininity
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Drottz-Sjöberg, Britt-Marie. "Perception of risk : studies of risk attitudes, perceptions and definitions." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Media och Ekonomisk Psykologi (P), 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1268.
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Williams, David. "Pain and social context : social, contextual and environmental factors in the perception of acute pain." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2003. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/939zw/pain-and-social-context-social-contextual-and-environmental-factors-in-the-perception-of-acute-pain.
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A number of factors have been identified as generally reliable predictors of individual differences in responses to acute pain (e. g. sex, personality traits and cultural affiliation). These factors constitute relatively stable, long-term characteristics of an individual. However, there is also significant within-individual variation in response to acute pain, suggesting that factors other than individual characteristics also influence pain response. It is known that affective-motivational state is a significant component of pain, and it has been argued also that the process of automatic evaluation effects changes in affectivemotivational state through the activity of limbic structures associated with the detection and processing of emotionally valenced environmental information. This thesis proposes that through this mechanism, qualities of the immediate environment can act as modifiers of pain response. A series of experiments were conducted to test for the effects of manipulation of social, contextual and environmental features on responses to a mechanical pain stimulus. The results show that manipulation of preparatory information and locus of perceived control within the experimental dyad resulted in significant changes in response to the second of two pain stimuli of identical intensity. Also, both the sex of the assessor and the presence of a negatively valenced feature in the test environment were shown to influence pain response significantly. These results are in line with evidence from research into automaticity and automatic evaluation, and recent evidence concerning the roles of limbic areas in emotional processing and pain. The results provide further insight into the nature of acute pain, and suggest that individual variation in pain response may be explained in terms of an integrated biopsychosocial model, which includes what is known of the neural bases underlying the sensory and affective-motivational components of pain (the pain matrix), but also acknowledges the roles of socially acquired, long-term cognitive structures relating to individual traits, and the influence of automatic evaluation. The results have significant implications for clinical and research practices as they indicate that qualities of the environment may impact upon clinical and experimental pain measurement. Moreover, they indicate that individuals can be 'primed' for pain by qualities of their environment and as a result, may suffer unnecessarily during acutely painful clinical procedures. However, awareness of these principles may be useful in developing methods of reducing suffering in those situations.
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Eagle, Nathan Norfleet. "Machine perception and learning of complex social systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32498.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-136).
The study of complex social systems has traditionally been an arduous process, involving extensive surveys, interviews, ethnographic studies, or analysis of online behavior. Today, however, it is possible to use the unprecedented amount of information generated by pervasive mobile phones to provide insights into the dynamics of both individual and group behavior. Information such as continuous proximity, location, communication and activity data, has been gathered from the phones of 100 human subjects at MIT. Systematic measurements from these 100 people over the course of eight months has generated one of the largest datasets of continuous human behavior ever collected, representing over 300,000 hours of daily activity. In this thesis we describe how this data can be used to uncover regular rules and structure in behavior of both individuals and organizations, infer relationships between subjects, verify self- report survey data, and study social network dynamics. By combining theoretical models with rich and systematic measurements, we show it is possible to gain insight into the underlying behavior of complex social systems.
by Nathan Norfleet Eagle.
Ph.D.
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Rezlescu, C. "Social perception of faces : neuropsychological and behavioural investigations." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1388518/.
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This thesis concerns theoretical and empirical issues in face processing and facial trait perception. First, I present evidence that challenges two hypotheses proposed as alternatives to face specificity, namely the individuation and the expertise hypotheses. Inconsistent with the individuation hypothesis, an extensive investigation of a new case of acquired prosopagnosia (Herschel) revealed normal exemplar recognition memory for a wide variety of objects, and normal ability to discriminate between highly similar items within a novel object category. Inconsistent with the expertise hypothesis, Herschel and Florence, a second acquired prosopagnosic, showed normal learning profiles and response times putative of successful expertise acquisition in an eight-day training procedure with novel objects, demonstrating that faces are processed by specialised mechanisms not used for objects-of-expertise. Second, testing four patients with acquired prosopagnosia, I demonstrate that perceptual mechanisms underlying trait judgments are dissociable from those implicated in recognising identity. Furthermore, I show that perception of facial aggressiveness does not depend on mechanisms for facial sex recognition, and that normal facial trustworthiness judgments are likely to occur without intact recognition of facial expressions, therefore challenging the overgeneralisation theory in facial trait perception. Third, I present a series of experiments with healthy participants to characterise various properties of facial trait perception. Specifically, I examine: i) the role of facial width-to-height ratio in perceived trustworthiness; ii) the accuracy of facial trustworthiness judgments; iii) the interaction between facial trustworthiness and reputation; and iv) the interaction between face impressions and voice impressions. Overall, the findings of the present thesis have important implications for the nature of the mechanisms underlying facial identity processing, the organisation of facial trait perception and its relationship to other face perception abilities, as well as the physical, ecological, and multimodal aspects of facial trait perception.
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Singer, Carey. "Student Perception of Social Loafing in University Teamwork." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31263.
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This study investigated perceptions of social loafing in undergraduate student teams at a South African university. Student participants, randomly assigned to teams, received coursework instruction about team dynamics (including social loafing) and worked together for 12 weeks on a team assignment that was graded at the end of the semester. Students (n = 243) wrote individual reflections on the reasons for social loafing in student teams. Some (n = 24) also participated in an experiential social loafing exercise. These two sources of qualitative data were used in the development of a survey questionnaire, which was completed by 229 students. Fifty-four percent of the student participants (n = 229) perceived social loafing to have occurred in their teams. Four components of perceived social loafing behaviour were identified using factor analysis: unavailability, poor work quality, tech loafing and discussion non-contribution. Loafer apathy (a general lack of care or interest) predicted significant variance in each of the four loafing behaviours and social compensation. Team performance (assignment grades) was not related to the perceived presence social loafing in a team. Rather than reducing effort in response to perceived social loafing (the sucker effect), a social compensation effect occurred in the perceived presence of poor work quality. Effective leadership moderated the relationship between loafer apathy and tech loafing as well as loafer apathy and social compensation. Practical implications and recommendations for future research are presented.
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Pollastro, Brittany. "NCAA injured student athletes' perception of social support." Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/855.
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Social support has a great impact on injured NCAA athletes' complete psychological and physical recovery. When individuals, such as the coach, athletic trainer, teammates, and family, incorporate social support in the recovery process the injured athlete's attitude and belief system is positively influenced. The coach and athletic trainer have been specifically researched and proven to be influential in certain types of social support, but the family has not been significantly studied in the past.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the six different types of social support given by the family in comparison to the social support given by the head coach, athletic trainer, and teammates to the injured NCAA Dl athlete regarding the athlete's satisfaction level of each type of support provided, as well as how each support contributed to the athlete's recovery. An additional purpose is to examine the quality of the six different types of social support given by the family.
This study was carried out by a quantitative survey (Modified Form of the Social Support Survey) in which NCAA athletes from a private, Dl institution who met specific criteria were the subjects. The results were analyzed through inferential statistics using multiple one-way ANOV As. The results showed according to the athlete, the family and athletic trainer provided the highest levels of all six types of social support compared to the coach and teammates. The coach was the least influential in the social support network according to the athlete. In conclusion, the family provides an integral role within all types of social support. The family should be included in the rehabilitation process of the athlete for a healthy psychological and physical recovery of the injured NCAA athlete.
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Leclerc, Annabelle. "Le travail social en troisième ligne psychiatrique : la perception des travailleurs sociaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27882.
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Cette recherche qualitative vise à mieux connaître la pratique des travailleurs sociaux dans le contexte de la 3e ligne psychiatrique. La perspective des travailleurs sociaux est centrale dans l’étude, comme le démontre la question de départ : quelles significations les travailleurs sociaux associent-ils à leurs activités professionnelles ? Méthodologie : Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées avec dix (10) travailleurs sociaux de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (IUSMQ) d’avril à juin 2015. Ces entrevues comprenaient deux volets : (1) la pratique des travailleurs sociaux en 3e ligne psychiatrique à l’IUSMQ ; (2) un récit de pratique à l’aide d’un exemple clinique concret. Les transcriptions des entrevues ont été soumises à une analyse thématique des contenus fondée sur une grille de codification combinant des catégories prédéterminées et des catégories émergentes du matériel. Résultats et discussion : Le thème central issu de nos analyses est la notion de lien, qui serait au cœur des pratiques de travail social : les liens que les travailleurs sociaux créent, préservent ou rétablissent avec les usagers, les familles, les autres intervenants et les différents partenaires. Les travailleurs sociaux actualisent des rôles différents dans le cadre de leurs diverses activités en 3e ligne psychiatrique. Or, la compréhension de leur rôle dans les diverses équipes interdisciplinaires influence le déroulement de la collaboration ainsi que l’atteinte des objectifs établis avec la clientèle. Les récits de pratique soulignent que la gestion des cas cliniques de 3e ligne nécessite l’intervention de plusieurs partenaires et demandent l’utilisation de nouvelles approches d’intervention. Les collaborations constructives et efficaces ainsi que l’inclusion des familles dans les interventions complexes apportent un grand appui dans l’actualisation du plan d’intervention ou de sortie des usagers. Enfin, les diverses formes de soutien clinique, l’accès aux formations et la flexibilité du travail réalisé facilitent le travail au quotidien. Mots-clés : travail social, troisième ligne, santé mentale, psychiatrie.This qualitative study aims to extend the knowledge about social work in third line (i.e., hospital-based and specialized) psychiatric services. The outlook of social workers is central in our study as we asked these professionals about the meaning of their duties at work. Interviews were conducted with mental health social workers from the Mental Health Institute of Quebec City. From April to June 2015, 10 social workers were interviewed. They answered a semi-structured questionnaire divided in two sections: (1) social work practice in third line psychiatry; and (2) a practice narrative centered on an actual clinical example. Thematic content analysis based on a codification table with predetermined and emerging categories was conducted. Results and discussion: The central theme of our analysis pertains to the notion of linking, which is viewed as central to social work practices: ties created, preserved, or re-established by social workers, and involving users, families, other practitioners, and other various partners. Social workers enact various roles in third line psychiatric settings. Significantly, the way their role is understood in interdisciplinary teams influences the continuity of the collaboration itself, as well as the achievement of the goals established with clients. The case-centered practice narratives underline that clinical management in third line psychiatric settings need interventions from different collaborators and demand the use of new intervention approaches. Constructive and effective collaborations along with the addition of families in complex interventions provide great support in the realization of the users’ intervention plan or discharge plan. For social workers, the diverse forms of clinical supports, training accessibility and work flexibility facilitate their tasks. Keywords: social work, hospital practice, mental health, psychiatry.
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Molina, Mariana V. "The Role of Contingency and Gaze Direction in the Emergence of Social Referencing." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/504.
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The current study assessed the importance of infant detection of contingency and head and eye gaze direction in the emergence of social referencing. Five- to six-month-old infants’ detection of affect-object relations and subsequent manual preferences for objects paired with positive expressions were assessed. In particular, the role of contingency between toys’ movements and an actress’s emotional expressions as well as the role of gaze direction toward the toys’ location were examined. Infants were habituated to alternating films of two toys each paired with an actress’s affective expression (happy and fearful) under contingent or noncontingent and gaze congruent or gaze incongruent conditions. Results indicated that gaze congruence and contingency between toys’ movements and a person’s affective expressions were important for infant perception of affect-object relations. Furthermore, infant perception of the relation between affective expressions and toys translated to their manual preferences for the 3-dimensional toys. Infants who received contingent affective responses to the movements of the toys spent more time touching the toy that was previously paired with the positive expression. These findings demonstrate the role of contingency and gaze direction in the emergence of social referencing in the first half year of life.
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Lindqvist, Felicia. "Who are the Hilltop Youth? : Perception of self vs. Perception of researchers." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96446.
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This qualitative study focuses on perceptions of actors within protracted social conflicts and the value of using self-categorization as a tool to increase understanding of conflict actors as a step towards to finding alternative solutions. It compares self-perceptions of the Hilltop Youth, a radical settler group in the West Bank region in the Middle East, to categorizations used in all of the established literature on the group. Five categories that are recurring in the literature on the Hilltop Youth (terrorists, vigilantes, active flank within a social movement, gang, and activist) are contrasted with Self-Categorization theory and will be used as a tool to determine the self-image of the group as displayed in the digital and social media. The findings show that the category that finds common ground between the two perspectives is activists. The Hilltop Youth view themselves as freedom fighters, doing what they are chosen to do: settle the land, already promised to them. Their actions and beliefs translate to political activism this both including building homes and creating outposts as well as conducting “price tag” attacks. The findings underline the difference in perceived realities between the Hilltop Youth and researchers. Concluding the need to incorporate the perspective of the actor itself in order to create a sustainable peace based on the same reality, something that have been overlooked in previous Hilltop Youth research.
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Bizot, Elizabeth Butler. "The accuracy of person perception judging people on the basis of task performance /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1988. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8809488.
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Carrier, Antonin. "Rôles respectifs de l'agentisme et de la compétence dans la perception du statut social." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ121.
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Il y a consensus sur la structure bidimensionnelle du jugement social. Cette thèse avait pour but de montrer que les concepts d'agentisme et de compétence sont deux registres distincts au sein de la dimension verticale du jugement. L'agentisme ferait référence à l'avancement du soi alors que la compétence ferait référence à un ensemble de ressources instrumentales. Une première implication concerne la relation entre les deux dimensions du jugement. Nous observons que la sociabilité est liée négativement à l'agentisme alors qu'elle reste indépendante de la compétence.Une autre implication concerne la perception du statut social. Nos données montrent l'agentisme est spécifiquement associé aux personnes de haut statut alors que la compétence peut être associée à des personnes de haut ou de bas statut. Les registres d'agentisme et de compétence ne jouent donc pas le même rôle dans le jugement socialThere is a consensus about the bidimensionnal structure of social judgment. The aim of this thesis was to show that the concepts of agency and competence are two distinct registers within the vertical dimension of social judgment. Agency reflects a motive to advance the self where as competence refers to a set of instrumental resources. The first implication of this distinction deals with the relationship between the two dimensions of social judgment. We found that sociability and agency were negatively correlated while sociability and competence were orthogonal. Another implication deals with social status perception. Results showed that agency is specifically associated with high status individuals whereas competence can be associated with high status individuals and relatively low status individuals. These findings suggest that these two registers do not play the same role in social judgment
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Davis, Darren. "The correlation between group memebers' perception of effective leadership and their perception of treatment modality efficacy." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2009. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/53.
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This study presents a congruent approach to working individuals completing group therapy in a respective treatment modality. Common statistics explain that 30% of individuals do not return after the first session group therapy. A correlation study was used to link the group members’ perception of their leader and their perception of treatment modality efficacy. Results of the research indicate that men are twice as likely to perceive their treatment modality effective when they perceive their leader effective in group social work. There is a statistical significance of .039 between perception of leader and treatment modality. The implication of the correlation provides an understanding as to the therapeutic alliance of leader and client. This research would aid in increasing retention rates when working with clients receiving group services in mental health.
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Ip, Ka-yan. "Social cognition deficits in frontal lesion patients." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43224325.
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Augoustinos, Martha. "Social representations and social cognition : a convergence of different traditions /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha921.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Psychology, 1991."Appendix E: Thesis publications" contains reprints of four journal articles written or co-authored by M. Augoustinos. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 450-467).
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Gilibert, Daniel. "Norme d'internalité et évaluation dans la perception sociale." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589861.
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Nous sommes parti du constat que les théoriciens de la norme d'internalité (Beauvois & Dubois, 1988 ; Dubois, 1994) évoquaient, à propos de la valeur des explications internes, une valeur ancrée dans le fonctionnement social et dont l'efficacité n'est, pour l'essentiel, démontrée que dans des situations très normatives. Nous avons, pour notre part, voulu montrer que l'attribution d'internalité dépassait le cadre, important mais très circonscrit, de ces situations de forte normativité et qu'elle pouvait opérer quelquefois en fonction de critères plus affectifs ou attitudinels. Nous avons ainsi montré que les sujets estiment d'autant plus probable qu'une personne ait donné des explications internes plutôt qu'externes que son visage est esthétiquement attractif (Exp. 1). L'étude suivante (Exp. 2) mettait à contribution une procédure d'exposition suboptimale et non consciente permettant d'accroître incidemment la positivité des visages (Zajonc, 1968 ; 1980). Les sujets ont alors attribué plus d'internalité à des cibles lorsque la positivité de leurs visages était accrue par la procédure d'exposition suboptimale. Afin de contrecarrer une interprétation selon laquelle la technique de familiarisation utilisée amène le sujet à disposer de plus d'informations individualisantes concernant la cible, une autre expérience (Exp. 3) avait pour objectif d'accroître, par la familiarisation liée à un conditionnement, tant la positivité que la négativité des visages (Bayens, 1993). Les sujets attribuent alors plus d'internalité à une cible de valence neutre si cette valence est rendue positive (plutôt que négative) par le conditionnement. Ceci n'étant vrai que pour les explications d'événements indésirables. Cette attribution d'internalité est aussi observée dans le contexte de la valorisation du groupe d'appartenance, que ce groupe soit réel (Exp. 6) ou minimal (Exp. 8). Ainsi, les sujets mirent-ils à contribution l'attribution d'internalité pour exprimer un biais de favoritisme pro-endogroupe, et ce uniquement lorsqu'il leur était possible de différencier positivement, d'un exogroupe, un groupe dans lequel ils s'étaient autocatégorisés. La seconde de ces deux expériences utilise un contexte de catégorisation minimale et un paradigme de type "qui a dit quoi" (Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff et Ruderman, 1978). Dans celle-ci, les sujets exprimèrent à nouveau ce favoritisme pro-endogroupe par attribution d'internalité. Cette attribution d'internalité était corrélée avec une mesure purement évaluative du favoritisme pro-endogroupe. Ces cinq recherches montrent donc que l'attribution d'internalité se fait vers des cibles qui peuvent être davantage caractérisées par la positivité des affects qu'elles suscitent que par leur utilité dans un contexte social. Nous avons néanmoins été amené à constater que cette attribution d'internalité à des cibles positives n'allait pas toujours sans effet de la désirabilité des événements expliqués. Nous avons donc voulu approfondir cette interaction de la valence de la cible et de la désirabilité de l'événement en introduisant un nouveau principe de recherche destiné, non plus à tester les attributions d'explications (internes versus externes), mais à tester les attributions de stratégies d'autovalorisation suscitées par la désirabilité des événements. Nous avons ainsi pu observer que les sujets peuvent être amenés, dans leurs attributions d'internalité à des cibles positives et négatives, à faire une différence subtile entre ce que pense une cible et ce qu'elle dit en matière d'explications. Ainsi, créditent-ils effectivement de plus d'internalité une cible sympathique (versus antipathique, Exp. 4) ou une cible endogroupe (versus exogroupe, Exp. 7), et ce notamment lorsqu'il s'agit d'anticiper ce que ces cibles pensent. Mais les sujets prennent aussi en compte la désirabilité de l'événement expliqué pour attribuer à la cible valorisée le fait de devenir plus modeste dans ce qu'elle dit. A l'inverse la cible dévalorisée tendrait, selon eux, à devenir plus autocomplaisante. Ainsi, il semble que les sujets attribuent plus de valeur à une stratégie d'autoprésentation qu'à une autre et qu'ils se basent aussi sur ces stratégies pour exprimer un favoritisme pro-endogroupe. Enfin, dans la mesure où les explications internes se trouvaient plus souvent associées à des cibles de valence positive et les explications externes plus souvent associées à des cibles de valence négative, nous avons voulu savoir dans quelle mesure ces associations pouvaient avoir des effets sur le souvenir de ces cibles. Ainsi, (expérience 5), lorsqu'il est présenté des cibles énonçant des phrases contenant des explications internes (versus externes), les sujets sont-ils plus sévères dans leur décision de reconnaissance (ils disent moins facilement, à tort et/ou à raison, avoir déjà vu un visage). Il semble donc que l'internalité est bien un point d'ancrage dans la perception et la reconnaissance des personnes. Cet ensemble de recherches présente selon nous deux intérêts théoriques. Il conforte et élargit considérablement un énoncé de la théorie de la norme d'internalité qui avance que les explications internes sont porteuses de valeur. Nos résultats imposent néanmoins d'insister sur l'importance que peuvent avoir les stratégies d'autoprésentation et l'anticipation de ces stratégies d'autoprésentation par l'évaluateur.
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Rechtman, Elza. "Cognition sociale et cerveau social dans les troubles du développement de l’enfant." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB005/document.
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Les troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) sont des troubles neuro-développementaux caractérisés notamment par des anomalies des interactions sociales. Des études en eye-tracking ont permis de mettre en évidence de façon objective des anomalies de la perception sociale dans les TSA, caractérisées par une diminution du regard vers des stimuli sociaux. Des études sur le fonctionnement cérébral, par des méthodes TEP et SPECT, ont mis en évidence une diminution du débit sanguin cérébral (DSC) au repos au niveau des régions temporales, notamment au niveau du sillon temporal supérieur (STS), chez des enfants avec TSA. Nous avons aujourd’hui la possibilité de mesurer le DSC au repos en IRM avec la séquence arterial spin labelling (ASL). Dans cette thèse nous avons confirmé la diminution du DSC au repos au niveau du STS chez des enfants avec TSA par la méthode IRM-ASL, ce qui pourraient permettre son utilisation en tant que biomarqueur dans les TSA. Nous suggérons également que le DSC au repos pourrait être un indice plus pertinent pour l’étude du fonctionnement cérébral de base dans les TSA. De plus, par une étude transversale en eye-tracking utilisant les mêmes stimuli sur une large tranche d’âge, nous avons montré l’impact de l’âge sur la perception sociale chez des participants avec TSA et des témoins. Enfin, nous avons mis en évidence des anomalies de perception sociale par l’eye-tracking et de fonctionnement cortical au niveau du STS par l’IRM-ASL, chez des enfants ayant un kyste arachnoïdien de la fosse postérieure. Une meilleure connaissance des difficultés sociales subjacentes à ce trouble peut avoir un impact majeur sur la prise en charge de ces enfantsAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by abnormal social interactions. Eye-tracking studies have objectively reported social perception abnormalities in ASD, characterized by a decrease of gaze towards social stimuli. Brain imaging studies, using PET and SPECT methods, have revealed a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CSF) at rest in the temporal regions, particularly in the superior temporal sulcus (STS), in children with ASD. Nowadays, it is possible to measure rest CBF with MRI using arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequence. In this thesis, we confirmed the decreased in rest CBF within the STS in children with ASD using MRI-ASL, which could allow its use as a biomarker in ASD. We also suggest that rest CBF could be a more relevant index for studying basic brain function in ASD. In addition, we performed a cross-sectional eye-tracking study using the same stimuli over a wide age-range and showed the impact of age on social perception in ASD and in typical development. Finally, we showed social perception abnormalities, using eye-tracking, and cortical functioning abnormalities within the STS using MRI-ASL, in children with posterior fossa arachnoid cyst. A better understanding of the social difficulties underlying this disorder could have a major impact on patient outcome
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Borbey, Daniel. "Mediating Social Media: Examining User Risk Perception on Facebook." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19680.
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This thesis explores how social networking sites are changing the way individuals socialize in everyday life, and how users mediate this social media. The hypothesis explored is that Facebook user’s perception of risk, when using the site, is related to how they frame the technology. Drawing on conceptual and theoretical tools from science studies and the sociologies of friendship, risk and surveillance, interview data is collected and analysed in order to identify the dynamics that structure Facebook use. It is concluded not only that, as hypothesized, participant’s awareness and perception of risk is based upon their framing of the social networking technology, but also that the framing processes arise from the technosocial hybrid nature of Facebook. That is to say, it is not exclusively based on technological possibility or on existing social practices but instead by a constant balance between the two.
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Guiltner, Valerie D. "Validation of the Child and Adolescent Social Perception Measure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0013/MQ60072.pdf.
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Barnes, Julia. "A molecular analysis of eye contact and social perception." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Kubisz, Anna. "Perception of social-indexical information in gender-ambiguous voices." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17875/.
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This thesis presents innovative research which uses gender-ambiguous speech to investigate perceptions of speaker-indexical information. In a series of three perceptual experiments perceptions of speaker age, gender and social class are researched. In Experiment 1 listeners heard audio samples, on the basis of which they were asked to evaluate speaker age, gender and social class using a Visual Analogue Scale. Experiment 2 was performed in the interests of investigating how perceptions of the same speaker-indexical information as in Experiment 1 might be shifted when providing the listener with visual information about the supposed speaker. For example, upon seeing a young female face when hearing a phonetic variant, the listener might rate the variant differently from the answer s/he gave in response to the same stimulus in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, a new social factor, ethnicity, was introduced. The aim of this experiment was to investigate perceptions of speaker-indexical information when listeners were exposed to visual cues to the ethnicity of the supposed speaker. As Experiment 2, Experiment 3 tested whether speaker-indexical information could be shifted as a result of the manipulation. Furthermore, this research offers a multivariate investigation of perception of speaker-indexical information based on Tyneside English. Perceptions of the variants of the FACE, GOAT and NURSE vowels, T-to-R and variants of /p t k/ are tested. Finally, the findings for groups of listeners with high and lower exposure to Tyneside English are compared and contrasted.
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Lin, Yuhan. "Stylistic Variation and Social Perception in Second Dialect Acquisition." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1532059573668516.
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Berger, Terisa M. "KNOWLEDGE VERSUS PERCEPTION: SOCIAL WORKERS' VIEW OF SEX OFFENDERS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/537.
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Social workers comprise one of the leading professions who interact with sex offenders through means of treatment, as well as unexpected life events. The purpose of this study is to evaluate social workers’ knowledge of sex offender laws and how their knowledge impacts their thoughts and feelings about working with sex offenders. Through a survey, social workers registered with the National Association of Social Work (NASW) in Southern California were asked to complete a questionnaire, in which addressed laws and thoughts in regards to sex offenders. One hundred surveys at random were evaluated. The study findings show a relationship between greater knowledge about the sex offender population and lower levels of apprehension a social worker has when working with a sex offender.
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Sun, Nee-ngor, and 孫妮娜. "Social cognitive functions of people with schizophrenia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45588600.
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Lam, Sze-ching Cici. "The development of social perspectives thinking in Hong Kong primary school." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41716681.
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Siebler, Frank. "Connectionist modelling of social judgement processes." Thesis, University of Kent, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369679.
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Cheng, Wing-yi Rebecca. "Effects of social goals on student achievement motivation the role of self-construal /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B33709245.
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Yeung, Fung-yi. "Academic, social and general self-concepts of students with learning disabilities." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23476576.
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Sanghvi, Hari Galen. "Cognitive interference in social interaction : development and validation of the social interference questionnaire /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9110.
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Sainz, Ysmara Haydee. "Public's Perception of Stalking| Victim-Perpetrator Relationship." Thesis, California Baptist University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10977785.
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Stalking has been a pervasive behavioral pattern that disrupts the lives of many. Previous researchers have examined factors that can predict the occurrence of stalking in victim-perpetrator relationships while simultaneously examining stalking type. Domestic violence and psychopathology have been possible predictors to stalking. A vignette survey examines the public’s perception of stalking within former lover, acquaintance, and stranger relationship. A 3x3 factorial MANOVA examined the effects of relationship and type of stalking to danger, violence, and safety. Results demonstrate an interaction effect between former intimate, stalking type of following and perceptions of violence and threat to safety. These findings suggest that prevention programs need to educate communities on domestic violence in intimate relationships and stalking.
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Pfeifer, Jennifer Hope. "Me, you, us, and them fMRI studies of self and social perception in children /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1472152611&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Kastein, Hanna Babette [Verfasser]. "Experiments on social call perception by bats / Hanna Babette Kastein." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1046731270/34.
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Zhang, Xuan. "How Affective Properties of Voice Influence Memory and Social Perception." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107192.
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Thesis advisor: Lisa F. BarrettThesis advisor: Hiram Brownell
Human voice carries precious information about a person. From a brief vocalization to a spoken sentence, listeners rapidly form perceptual judgments of transient affective states such as happiness, as well as perceptual judgments of the more stable social traits such as trustworthiness. In social interactions, sometimes it is not just what we say – but how we say it – that matters. This dissertation sought to better understand how affective properties in voice influence memory and how they subserve social perception. To these ends, I investigated the effect of affective prosody on memory for speech by manipulating both prosody valence and semantic valence, I explored the fundamental dimensions of social perception from voice, and I discussed the relationship of those social dimensions to affective dimensions of voice. In the first chapter, I examined how prosody valence influences memory for speech that varied in semantic valence. Participants listened to narratives spoken in neutral, positive, and negative prosody and recalled as much as they could of the narrative content. Importantly, the arousal level of the affective prosody was controlled across the different prosody valence conditions. Results showed that prosody valence influenced memory for speech content and the effect depended on the relationship between prosody valence and semantic valence. Specifically, congruence between prosody and semantic valence influenced memory. When people were listening to neutral content, affective prosody (either positive or negative) impaired memory. When listening to positive or negative content, incongruent prosody led to better recall. The present research shows that it is not just what you say, but also how you say it that will influence what people remember of your message. In the second chapter, I explored the fundamental dimensions of social perception from voices compared to faces, using a data-driven approach. Participants were encouraged to freely write down anything that came to mind about the voice they heard or the face they saw. Descriptors were classified into categories and the most frequently occurred social trait categories were selected. A separate group of participants rated the voices and faces on the selected social traits. Principal component analyses revealed that female voices were evaluated mostly on three dimensions: attractiveness, trustworthiness, and dominance; whereas male voices were evaluated mostly on two dimensions: social engagement and trustworthiness. For social evaluation of faces, a similar two-dimensional structure of social engagement and trustworthiness was found for both genders. The gender difference in social perception of voice is discussed with respect to gender stereotypes and the role voice pitch played in perceived attractiveness and dominance. This study indicates that both modality (voice vs. face) and gender impact the fundamental dimensions of social perception. Overall, the findings of this dissertation indicate that the affective quality in our voice not only influence how our speech will be remembered but also relate to how we are being socially perceived by others. It would be wise to pay more attention to our tone of voice if we want to make our speech memorable and leave a good impression
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
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Mehenni, Sadaoui. "Electronic commerce : Consumers’ perception of mobile social commerce in Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97359.
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The evolution of mobile telephony and social media platforms gave birth to different new concepts of electronic commerce (e-commerce), such as mobile commerce (m-commerce) and social commerce (s-commerce). In 2014 a new concept called mobile social commerce (mscommerce) was introduced. This concept occurs when e-commerce activities are performed on social media platforms using mobile devices. Many researchers did look into e-commerce and its different concepts, but not so many did look into ms-commerce, especially when it comes to exploring the consumers’ perception of this concept and their shopping motivation. The aim of this study is to explore the relation between ms-commerce and the Swedish consumers in order to find out what is the consumers’ perception of ms-commerce in Sweden, and how ms-commerce affects consumers’ shopping motivation. To do this a qualitative approach is used where interviews with 9 people using ms-commerce platforms to buy products were conducted. The research is based on the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model (UTAUT2). The findings of this study indicate that consumers perceive ms-commerce in Sweden as a very useful and entertaining technology that has economic benefits for the consumers, but they also perceive it to have privacy issues and to be lacking trustworthiness. Furthermore, the findings strongly suggest that ms-commerce comments on products available on ms-commerce platforms have a direct influence on consumers’ shopping motivation, the live chat feature available on ms-commerce platforms is a very good tool that has a positive influence on consumers shopping motivation, and targeted advertisement in ms-commerce has no influence on consumers’ shopping motivation.
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Sutradhar, Adithi. "Social anxiety and threat perception : An event-related potential study." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19428.
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The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential (ERP) component associated with increased affective processing which seems to strongly respond to threats and to be sensitive to emotional faces. Some studies indicate that the LPP is modulated by anxiety symptoms, while others fail to find support for these observations. The facial width-to-height ratio (FWHR) is a facial-masculinity metric that refers to cheekbone width, divided by upper facial height (top of the lip to between the brows). Consequently, FWHR has by some researchers been proposed to serve as a cue of threat. For example, high FWHR and diverse emotional faces (e.g., angry faces) are perceived as more threatening than low FWHR faces. Individuals with social anxiety are thought to be biased towards the threat. The literature has indicated that high FWHR faces in combination with angry facial expression can elicit larger LPPs compared to low FWHR and neutral faces. The current experiment investigated subjective ratings in addition to the LPP in response to high and low FWHR faces in combination with an angry and neutral expression, to examine how different facial morphology and affective cues influence the perception of threat to individuals with high social anxiety. This data, in combination, suggests that high FWHR is a salient threat-related social stimulus that might have a firm influence on the perception of other peoples’ faces. Initial results do not support a significant relationship between increased LPP modulation in individuals with high social anxiety compared to individuals with low social anxiety. However, it opens up for discussion regarding how social anxiety should be approached in future LPP research.
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Pollastro, Brittany. "NCAA injured student athletes' perception of social support : a thesis." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/855.
Full textAbstract:
Social support has a great impact on injured NCAA athletes' complete psychological and physical recovery. When individuals, such as the coach, athletic trainer, teammates, and family, incorporate social support in the recovery process the injured athlete's attitude and belief system is positively influenced. The coach and athletic trainer have been specifically researched and proven to be influential in certain types of social support, but the family has not been significantly studied in the past.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the six different types of social support given by the family in comparison to the social support given by the head coach, athletic trainer, and teammates to the injured NCAA Dl athlete regarding the athlete's satisfaction level of each type of support provided, as well as how each support contributed to the athlete's recovery. An additional purpose is to examine the quality of the six different types of social support given by the family.
This study was carried out by a quantitative survey (Modified Form of the Social Support Survey) in which NCAA athletes from a private, Dl institution who met specific criteria were the subjects. The results were analyzed through inferential statistics using multiple one-way ANOV As. The results showed according to the athlete, the family and athletic trainer provided the highest levels of all six types of social support compared to the coach and teammates. The coach was the least influential in the social support network according to the athlete. In conclusion, the family provides an integral role within all types of social support. The family should be included in the rehabilitation process of the athlete for a healthy psychological and physical recovery of the injured NCAA athlete.
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Stiller, James R. "Visual patterns in the perception of abstract and social stimuli." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2005. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3137/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigated with regard to the perception of abstract and social stimuli: (1) What constitutes a visual pattern? (2) Whether people possess a proclivity towards one particular pattern type. (3) When is patterning imposed or detected by the visual system? The abstract stimuli consisted of checkerboard patterns and the social stimuli consisted of faces or social groups. Initially the term "pattern" was defined as an image that contains redundant information. This was illustrated by a bias when defining patterns by members of the public towards images that contain both repeated and reflective symmetry, or a low number of possible variants and therefore reduced information content, i. e. more redundancy. Similarly reflective symmetry was identified as a key property in defining faces. The effect of symmetry type on early visual processing was investigated further in a series of backward masking experiments on both abstract and facial stimuli (Chapters 6& 7). The results of the masking experiments suggest a bias during early visual processing for patterns that contain symmetry (i. e. repetition or reflection), or share common fate compared with randomly generated patterns or distorted faces. A top-hemifield and LVF bias was observed in the early detection of patterns. Patterns that take advantage of these properties such as the eyes within the face were suggested as having a perceptual advantage. Patterning appears to be imposed at all stages of visual processing. At early stages of visual processing, repetition (and in the face the eyes) was observed as having an early perceptual advantage over reflection (and in the face the mouth). However at later stages of processing repetition appeared to be processed serially and no longer had a perceptual advantage over reflection (ISIs >42ms). Reflection was suggested as having a perceptual advantage post V1 (ISIs >96ms). Patterning continues throughout a visual scene from the local level to the global level, as such both the human face and human social groups can be perceived as patterns. This was illustrated by a series of experiments investigating the effect of patterning on the perception of images presented in the periphery of a scene (Chapter 8).